翻译服务合同中英文(共8篇)
1.翻译服务合同中英文 篇一
Contract Date : 合同日期
Contract Number : 合同编号
SALE & PURCHASE CONTRACT FOR BRAZIL IRON ORE FINES
巴西铁矿石购销合同
This contract(“Contract”)is made and entered into by and between:
这个合同(“合同”)是由以下双方达成:
Seller :
卖方
Buyer :
买方
Whereas, the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the below-mentioned goods for Asia, on the terms and conditions stated below:
在此,在下述的情况条件下,买方同意购买,卖方同意销售下文提及的货物,:
CLAUSE 1 : DEFINITION 第一条: 定义
In this contract, the following terms shall, unless otherwise specifically defined, have the following meanings:在本合同中,除非另有特指,词语均定义如下,(A)“Ore” means Iron Ore Fines of Brazil Origin.“矿石”指的是产地巴西的铁矿石
(B)“U.S.Currency” means the currency of the United States of America freely transferable from and payable to an external account.“美元货币”指的是美国的自由可转让的且可支付外国帐户的货币
(B)“Metric Tonne or MT” means a tonne equivalent to 1,000 Kilogram.公吨或MT 指的是等于1000千克的一吨。
(D)“Wet basis” means Ore in its natural wet state.“湿吨”指的矿石的自然重量
(E)“Dry basis” means Ore dried at 105 degrees Centigrade.“干吨”指的是105摄氏度干燥后的矿石。
(F)“DMT” means dry Metric Tonne
“DMT”指的是干吨重。
CLAUSE 2 : COMMODITY 第二条: 货物
Ore 铁
CLAUSE 3 : DELIVERY QUANTITY AND DELIVERY PERIOD 第三条 交货数量和交付期限
Quantity :-----WMT(+/-10%)at Buyer’s Option
数量: ___湿吨(+/-10%)-买方意见
Loading Port : Rio de Janeiro port, Brazil(at Seller’s option)
装船港:巴西里约热内卢-卖方意见
Discharging Port :----------/----------port, China(at Buyer’s option)
装卸港: 中国 港-买方意见
Shipment : On or before--------------, 2006
装船: 在 年 月 日 之前
CLAUSE 4 : GUARANTEED SPECIFICATIONS第四条: 质量保证
Chemical composition(on Dry basis)化学成分(在干燥状态)
Fe铁 64.50 %(Rejection below 63.50%)拒绝低于63.5%
Al2O3 氧化铝 2.0% max 不高于2.0%
SiO2 氧化硅 3.5% max 不高于3.5%
Sulphur 硫 0.01% max 不高于0.01%
Phosphorus 磷 0.06% max不高于0.06%
Free moisture content loss at 105 degrees Centigrade shall be 8.00% max.在105摄氏度失去的自然水分含量不能高于8%。
Physical composition(on Wet basis)物理成分(自然状态下)
Size(mm)大小 +10 mm 5% max 不多于5% + 1 mm 80% min 不少于
0%-15 mm 15% max 不多于15%
CLAUSE 5 : PRICE 第5条 价格
US$ per DMT CIF------port, China(Incoterms 2000).The above price shall be based on 64.5% Fe.Rejection below Fe 63.5% based on CIQ analysis report at discharging port and also rejection below Fe 64.0% based on loading port analysis.__ 美元/干吨 CIF __ 中国港口(Incoterms 2000),这个价格是基于64.5%含铁量的.卖方拒装在出发港检验中低于64%的,同样买方拒收装卸港CIQ检验中低于63.5%含铁的矿石.CLAUSE 6 : PRICE ADJUSTMENT 第6条 价格调整
The prices of Ore stipulated in Clause 5 hereof shall be adjusted by the following bonuses and penalties:第5条中合同规定的矿石价格需要被以下方式奖罚调整.ORE CONTENT(Fe):含铁量
BONUS : 奖励
For each 1.00% of Fe above 64.5%, the base price shall be increased by US$ 1.00 per DMT, fractions pro rata.含铁量每比64.5%高1%,基本价格应该提高1美金/干吨
PENALTY :处罚
For each 1.00% of Fe below 64.5%, the base price shall be decreased by US$ 1.00 per DMT, fractions pro rata.But Buyer has the right to reject Ore which is Fe content is below 63.5%.含铁量每比64.5%低1%,基本价格应降低1美金/干吨,但买方有权拒收含铁量低于63.5%的.OTHER ELEMENTS(IMPURITIES):
If the composition of Ore in respect of Alumina(Al2O3), Silica(SiO2), Sulphur(S)and Phosphorus(P)exceeds the respective guaranteed maximum as set forth in Clause 4 hereof, Buyer shall accept such delivery of Ore by imposing penalties provided below, fractions pro rata.如果矿石的氧化硅,氧化铝,硫,磷的成分超过了第四条内容规定的保证值,买方应接受交货.按比例处以(卖方)罚金,a)Al2O3 氧化铝
US$ 5(Five)cents per DMT for each 1.00% in excess of 2.00% 含量超过2%的,每增加1%,罚以0.5美元一干吨
b)SiO2 氧化硅
US$ 5(Five)cents per DMT for each 1.00% in excess of 3.50%.含量每超过3.5%,的,每增加1%, 0.5美元一干吨
c)S(Sulphur)硫
US$ 5(Five)cents per DMT for each 0.01% in excess of 0.01%.含量每超过0.01%,的,每增加0.01%, 0.5美元一干吨
d)P(Phosphorus)磷
US$ 5(Five)cents per DMT for each 0.01% in excess of 0.06% 含量每超过0.06%,的,每增加0.01%, 0.5美元一干吨
MOISTURE : 水分
In the event that the free moisture loss at 105 degrees Centigrade exceeds the respective guaranteed maximum as set forth in Clause 4 here
of, Seller shall pay Buyer half of the actual freight attributable to moisture content over 8% up to 9% including 9% and full actual freight attributable to moisture content over 9%.当矿石在105摄氏度下蒸发的自然水分超过第四条所承诺的最大值时,卖方应赔付买方:
1)水分的一半运费 大于8% 小于等于9%时;2)水分的全部运费 大于9%时
CLAUSE 7 : PAYMENT
第7条 交付方式
Buyer shall open within seven(7)working days after the date of this contract, on at sight Letter of Credit(“L/C”)in favor of Seller providing for payment of the full invoice value of quantity of Ore.The LC should contain the following terms and conditions:买方应在签订合同后的7个工作日内,开可见信用证 信用证应符合以下条款条件:
(i)The L/C shall be issued or transferred by First Class Bank.All banking charges outside the L/C issuing bank including reimbursing charges and confirmation charges are for the account of the Beneficiary.信用证应由一级银行开证并转交,所有除开证行之外的银行费用,包括支付行费用和保兑费用,由受益人支付.(ii)L/C shall allow for 10% more or less in value and quantity.信用证价值和数量应允许10%的增减.(iii)Charter party bills of lading acceptable.租约项下提单可接受
(iv)Third party documents acceptable except for Draft and Invoice.(v)Partial shipment allowed.(vi)Trans-shipment not allowed.(vii)Spelling and other typographical errors are not considered as discrepancies.(A)Provisional Payment
The aforesaid L/C shall be payable against Seller’s sight draft(s)for the amount of ninety-five(95)percent of the CIF value of the shipment accompanied by the documents as stipulated in Clause 8 hereof.The Certificate of Weight issued by SGS Brazil Private, Ltd.(“SGS Brazil”)in Brazil by survey of ship’s draft together with the Certificate of Analysis of sample and of the percentage of the free moisture loss at 105 degrees Centigrade issued by SGS Brazil shall be a basis for the Seller’s provisional invoice for the provisional payment.(B)Final Payment
The balance(+/-)of the CIF value of the shipment after the provisional payment to Seller shall be settled in accordance with Seller’s draft payable at sight together with the final invoice and the documents stated in Clause 8.(2)hereof or by telegraphic transfer by Seller to Buyer in accordance with Buyer’s debit note to Seller together with the documents(except Seller’s final invoice)stated in Clause
8.(2)hereof within ten(10)days from the date of receipt of the said documents, as the case may be.The validity of the L/C should be maintained in accordance with the above.Seller’s final invoice or Buyer’s debit note for the settlement of the balance of the CIF value of the shipment shall be based on the certificate issued by the State General Administration of the People’s Republic of China for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine or its branches(collectively “CIQ China”)as provided in Clause 8 and Clause 9 hereof.If an umpire analysis is required under the Clause 10 hereof, payment adjustment arising from this will be made when the umpire’s certificate is available.If Buyer is not able to submit to Seller the Inspection Certificate issued by CIQ China as per Clause 9 hereof within seventy five(75)days after the completion of discharging, the Draft Survey Certificate of Weight and Certificate of Analysis at loading port shall be the base of the final invoice or debit note.If the cargo is rejected based on CIQ analysis report Seller shall refund the amount vide Clause 7(A)Provisional Payment, within 30 days after the receipt of the CIQ analysis report.Buyer’s banking details:
Bank Name :
Bank Address :
Seller’s bank details:
Bank Name :
Bank Address :
2.翻译服务合同中英文 篇二
1 长句
与普通的英语文本相比, 商务合同英语句子具有两个典型的特点:句子字数多, 句子结构复杂, 因而增加了翻译的难度。对于法律英语中的长句可以通过“拆分—组合”翻译法加以翻译。具体就是将“长句”拆分成“短句”, 分析找出句子的主体结构即找出主语和谓语;然后再把“短句”翻译出来;最后根据目的语的表述习惯将译文组合, 完成整个长句的翻译。
在商务合同中, 长句的形成主要有以下三种方式:复杂的长句、多个并列结构和多个分句。
1.1 复杂的长句
商务合同中对权利和义务的规定事关当事人的利益, 尤其是经常与经济利益密切相关, 因此常使用大量结构复杂的长句并带有很多修饰成分, 明确表述各个条款的内容。状语从句和定语从句是商务合同中较常见的附加成分。根据语法功能的不同, 状语从句包括时间、地点、目的、原因、让步等类别, 而且有各自的特点。定语从句常用来对中心词进行更精确地说明和限定, 从句或长或短, 结构繁简不一。
复杂长句的使用一方面体现出正式庄严、准确严谨、逻辑清晰的商务合同文体风格;另一方面又可以对合同当事人履行权利与义务的条件、期限、方式、地点等严格限制, 使商务合同不存在任何漏洞, 避免合同履行过程中发生争端, 以维护双方的合法利益。在翻译时要理清多层次的复杂逻辑关系, 明白长句所表达的相互关联的意义。例如:
W hen the goods have ar r ived at their destination, the consignee that demands delivery of the goods under the contract of carriage shall accept delivery of the goods at the time or within the time period and at the location agreed in the contract of carriage or, failing such agreement, at the time and location at which, having regard to the terms of the contract, the customs, usages or practices of the trade and the circumstances of the carriage, delivery could reasonably be expected.
翻译步骤如下:
步骤1:“拆分”句子, 找出句子的主干部分。
在这一长句中, 有多个从句:when引导的时间状语从句, that和which引导的定语从句;该句子还有or和and引导的多个并列结构, 以及at引导的介词成分。经过分析句子的主干部分为the consignee shall accept delivery of the goods.
步骤2:分别翻译各个从句。
When the goods have arrived at their designation:当货物到达目的地时。
The consignee that demands delivery of the goods under the contract of carriage:要求交付货物的的收货人。
Having regard to the terms of the contract, the customs, usages or practices of the trade and the circumstances of the carriage:应当考虑到合同条款和行业习惯、惯例或者行业做法以及运输情形。
At the time and location at which…delivery could reasonable be expected:能够合理预期的交货时间和地点。
步骤3:将各个短句的译文进行组合:当货物到达目的地时, 按照运输合同要求交付货物的收货人应在运输合同约定的时间或者期限内, 在运输合同约定的地点接受交货;无约定的, 应考虑到合同条款和行业习惯、行业惯例或行业做法以及运输情形, 在能够合理预期的交货时间和地点接受交货。
1.2 多个并列结构
由于撰写合同时要将所有可能发生的情况预计到并包括在合同中, 所以英文商务合同中往往含有大量的并列成分, 包括并列的词、短语以及从句。并列的平行结构使合同句式平衡、表意完整。
Except for the license granting Manufacturer the right, nothing contained in this Agreement shall be constr ued as conferring any right to Manufacturer or Vendor to use or register any name, trademark, service mark, logo, slogan, tagline, domain name, or other designation, including any contraction, abbreviation, or simulation of any of the foregoing, in advertising, publicity or marketing activities or for any purpose whatsoever.Any publicity, advertising, etc.with regard to this Agreement which mentions another Party shall be mutually agreed upon in writing prior to use.
多个名词的并列使用增加了句子的长度, 具体翻译步骤:
步骤1:分割句子找出句子的主体结构, 经分析这一段话中包括两个句子, 从“句号”处分隔开, 然后再分别翻译即可。步骤2:分别翻译两个句子。步骤3:组合全部的译文为:除授予制造商特许权之外, 本协议中的任何内容不得被解释为授予制造商或卖方如下任何权利:在广告、宣传或营销活动中, 或者为任何目的, 使用或注册任何名称、商标、服务标志、标示、口号、宣传词、域名、或者其他标志, 包括任何简写、缩写、或前述任何内容的模仿。与本协议有关的任何提及另一当事方的宣传、广告等, 应当在使用前由本协议全体当事人共同书面协商一致。
1.3 多个分句
In respect of the territories referred to in article 35 of the Constitution of the International Labor Organization as amended by the Constitution of the International Labor Organization Instrument of Amendment, 1946, other than the territories referred to in paragraphs4 and 5 of the said article as so amended, each Member of the Organization which ratifies this Convention shall communicate to the Director-General of the International Labor Office with or as soon as possible after its ratification a declaration stating:
(1) The territories in respect of which it undertakes that the provisions of the Convention shall be applied without modification.
(2) The territories in respect of which it undertakes that the provisions of the Convention shall be applied subject to modifications, together with details of the said modifications;
(3) The ter ritories in respect of which the Convention is i napplicable and i n such cases the g rou nds on which it is inapplicable;
(4) The territories in respect of which it reserves its decision.
这种包含了多个分句的长句结构比较复杂, 字数也很多, 但各个分句已经被单独列出, 在一定程度上降低了分析句子结构的难度, 只需要分别翻译每一个分句, 再组合译文就可以了。
步骤1:拆分句子, 找出句子的主干部分。这个长句的主干部分为each Member of the Organization which ratifies this Convention shall communicate to the Director-General of the International Labor Office, 其前面有两个由In respect of, other than引导的状语从句, stating后面引导了4个分句。
步骤2:分别翻译, 然后进行组合。完成的译文为:
关于经1946年《国际劳工组织组织法修正书》修正后的《国际劳工组织组织法》第35条所述领土 (该条修正后第4款和第5款所述领土除外) , 国际劳工组织每一成员于批准本公约时, 或于批准后尽快向国际劳工局局长提出一份声明说明:
(1) 不经修改地适用本公约规定的该国领土;
(2) 在加以修改的情况下适用本公约规定的该国领土以及这些修改的细节;
(3) 不适用本公约的领土, 以及不适用的原因;
(4) 该国保留决定权的领土。
2 条件句
商务合同主要约定合同各方应享有的权利和应履行的义务, 既要考虑到各种情况, 又要排除各种例外情形, 而且这种权利的行使和义务的履行均附有各种条件, 条件句的使用使合同条款的内容更加完整、精确, 避免语句使用不当而导致任何一方的经济损失, 所以条件句的大量使用成为商务合同的一个特点。合同英语中条件句非常多而且形式多样, 有时一个句子中出现多个条件句, 这在普通的英语文本中很少见。条件句通常由以下连词引导:if, as if, unless, whereas, in case, in the event that, provided that, should, provided (that) , subject to, otherwise等, 这些连词意思虽然相近但表达的意义及侧重点不同, 翻译时需加以注意。
3 名词化结构
名词化结构是英语书面语的主要特征之一, 而在汉语中较少使用此结构。英语常被人们称为一种“名词化” (nominalization) 的语言 (Roger Fowler:79) 。所谓名词化结构就是把一个句子中的动词或形容词转换为名词, 使之具有名词的功能, 同时又保留动词或形容词的某些主要功能, 从而使原来的句子转换为名词词组。商务英语合同中的名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化, 使语体更加庄重、更加具有书面语言的风格。为达到简洁确切、严密表达, 商务英语合同中广泛使用以下几种类型的名词化结构组合:
(1) 用of连接主谓关系。如:That the L/C shall comply with what is stipulated in the contract is of vital importance. (2) 用of连接动宾关系; (3) 用of连接含有by的短语, 把从句转换成名词短语; (4) 将被动结构转换成名词; (5) 将副词与动词一起转换成名词词组。
4 结语
由以上分析可以看出, 与其他商务文本相比, 商务合同文本属于正式程度较高的契约文体, 句子结构具有逻辑周密严谨, 句式复杂, 因此翻译合同时应掌握其句式特征灵活运用翻译策略, 使译文准确规范。
参考文献
[1]屈文生, 石伟主编.法律英语阅读与翻译教程[M].上海人民出版社, 2012.
[2]廖文玉.国际商务英语合同的翻译准则及其中译技巧[J].商场现代化, 2008 (4) .
[3]许俊强.收货人提取货物的义务——兼评《鹿特丹规则》第43条收货人接受交货义务[J].中国海商法年刊, 2009-09-15.
[4]张新红, 李明.商务英语翻译[M].高等教育出版社, 2003.
3.英文国际货物买卖合同写法研究 篇三
一、合同的基本格式及其语言特点
国际货物买卖合同的制作,买卖双方均可负责。买方制作合同称为购货合同(Purchase Contract);卖方制作的合同称为销售合同(Sales Contract)。通常买卖双方都备有事先制作好的空白格式合同,或称作标准合同(Standard Form Contract)。由于合同的性质及实际情况的差异,合同格式局部细节各种各样。但是一般而言,合同格式由约首、正文和结尾三部分构成。
1. 约首
约首即指合同的开头。它一般载明合同的名称和编号、订约时间与地点、订约双方的名称与法定地以及电报挂号、电传、电话等事项。此外,有的合同还包括有较长的序言,说明订约的目的和基本原则。当然,约首所载明内容的多寡遵循双方当事人意思表示一致的原则。从约首所载明的内容看,由于它的法律作用在于确定合同的效力范围和有效条件,所以也称其为效力部分(Effect Part)。例:
Contract
Contract No. _____Cable Add. _____Telex _____Fax _____Signed at _____
This contract, made and entered into this _______ day of _______, 19 _______, by and between _______, a corporation organized and existing under the law of _______, having its principal office at _______ (hereafter called “A”) and _______, a corporation organized and existing under the law of _______, having its principal office at _______.
此实例内容规定合理,序言阐述严谨明确,产生了简洁扼要、重点突出的效果。
2.正文
正文即指构成合同主要内容或中心内容的条款部分。由于它反映了买卖双方在交易中的权利和义务关系,所以称其为权利和义务部分(Rights and Obligation Part)。正文的格式比较简单,一般即将买卖双方商订的条款按顺序排列。例如紧接上述英文约首后正文条款的排法:
1. COMMODITY: ……
2. QUALITY: ……
…
3. 结尾
结尾和约首一样,也属于合同的效力部分。它主要载明合同生效日期、合同使用文字、文本、份数和买卖双方当事人的签字。结尾的格式一般在正文条款之后有一段结尾语,然后再由买卖双方当事人签字并署名日期。例:
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this contract is made in two originals in both Chinese and English, each language being legally of equal effect. Each party keeps one original of the two after the signing of the contract.
The Buyers _______ The Sellers _______
Date _____________Date ____________
有些合同结尾不包括结尾语,只要求买卖双方签字及注明日期即可。
从上述实例中的约首和结尾的语言分析来看,专门法律术语的运用并不多,但是选词用词很准确、很规范。特别是agree一词的运用颇具典型性。该词不仅体现其本身的表面意义,更重要的是它从法律这个更深层次揭示了买卖双方意思表示一致原则在合同中的应用。同时,主体英语或法律公文的专门词语得到较多的运用。例如:hereafter, hereby, hereinafter, herein, hereof, hereto, whereas, whereby, whereof等主体形式加介词构成的副词。这些公文特有的规范书面语突出地体现了合同严肃庄重的文体风格。
二、合同正文英文条款订立的原则
正文作为合同的主体或本文,其作用在于确立买卖双方的权利和义务关系,所以,条款的内容和多寡是双方当事人商谈的中心。由于正文条款内容复杂,涉及法律问题也很多,所以订立条款必须明确、具体、切合实际,否则很容易引起争议或损害赔偿。
1.必须载明条款的必备内容
每项条款都有必备的内容要求。任何不具体、不明确、不切实际的条款都会使买卖双方权利与义务界限不清,从而产生争议。据此,一定要载明条款的必备内容。例如SHIPMENT条款主要规定有交货时间、装运港和目的港、转船以及分批装运等内容:
SHIPMENT: Shipment during May from London to Shanghai. The Sellers shall advise the Buyers, 45 days before shipment month. Partial shipments and transshipments allowed.
通过以上实例不难看出条款内容的重要性。每项条款都会在不同方面涉及许多复杂法律问题,所以买卖双方必须在签订合同之前对合同条款的内容认真仔细地进行磋商,把条款规定得适当、明确和切实可行,以免日后引起不必要的争议。
2.条款的表示方式
与条款内容密切相关的问题就是条款的表示方式。许多条款的表示方式都有明确规定。如不遵守就会和条款内容一样造成严重的法律后果。请看下面一项仲裁条款:
ARBITRATION: All disputes arising from the execution of, or in connection with this contract, shall be settled amicably through negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to _______ in accordance with its arbitral rules of procedure. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.
该仲裁条款规定了三种常用的方式:一是规定在我国仲裁的条款;二是规定在被诉方所在国仲裁的条款;三是规定在第三国仲裁的条款。该实例中的空格正是为说明这三种方式的变化而留的。如果条款内容条理不清,合同不仅无法履行,而且引起严重的法律后果。
总之,条款内容及其表示方式紧密相关的。但是,具体采用什么样的条款表示方式则要依据商品的特点或类别、合同的性质和买卖双方意思表示一致的原则下而定。以上仅是订立条款时的规律性及原则性说明。在实践中,所订立的任何条款都应从内容和形式两方面进行认真磋商,以免日后产生争议。
3.常用的专门术语及计量单位名称
国际货物买卖合同的性质决定了正文条款涉及到的专门术语五花八门,种类繁多,延伸到许多领域内。合同条款中专门术语的运用是交易的需要,合同自签订之日至履行完,要涉及某特定商品、价格、运输、保险、商检、银行金融等一系列领域各自的专门术语,因此,熟悉常用的专门术语仍是起草合同条款的一个必备条件。
国际贸易术语是指用一个含有简短概念的外文缩写来表示商品价格的构成、买卖双方各自应负担的责任、费用和风险以及货物所有权转移的界限。由于它表明了商品价格的构成,所以在外贸业务中,往往把贸易术语称价格术语(Price Terms)。价格术语涉及交货地点、运输及其费用、保险及其保险费、进出口许可证申领和进出口关税的交纳四个方面的问题,按交货地点的不同可分为出口国内陆交货、出口国装运港交货、进口国目的地交货三大类价格术语。其中以第二类出口国装运港交货中的FOB,C&F,CIF三种价格术语在国际上使用最为普遍。如果对此心中无数,不了解这些术语丰富的法律内涵以及实务中的运作程序,后果会十分严重。
条款作为合同的正文是合同的精华部分,因为它用有限的条文浓缩了无限的内容。对国际货物买卖合同的研究,特别是对正文条款的研究应该是无止境而富有实际意义的工作。
4.翻译服务合同中英文 篇四
英文释义:by means of , by reason of this
中文译词:特此,因此,兹
用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语;在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法:一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1:
The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文:
业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。
注释:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此
(2)covenant: v.make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约;n.legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工
(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价
(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which
(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照
(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款
例2:
We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注释:(1)hereby:特此
(2)to the best of our knowledge:as far as we know据我们所知
(3)foregoing statement:above-mentioned statement上述声明
(4)herein:in this, in the statement在声明中
(5)documentary proof:证明文件
参考译文: 特此证明,据我们所知,上述声明内容真实,正确无误,并提供了全部现有的资料和数据,我们同意,应贵方要求出具证明文件。
例3:
This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party
A)and Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party B)on(Date), in(Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.注释:
(1)hereby:特此
(2)hereinafter referred to as Party A:以下称甲方
(3)on the principle of equality and mutual benefit:在平等互利基础上
(4)through amicable consultation:通过友好协商
参考译文:
本合同双方,公司(以下称甲方)与公司(以下称乙方),在平等互利基础上,通过友好协商,于年月日在中国(地点),特签订本合同。
例4:
This agreement is hereby made and entered into on(Date), by and between Co.China(hereinafter referred to as Party A)and Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party B).注释:(1)this agreement is hereby made and entered into:特此订立本协议
在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词:sign(make, conclude or enter into)this agreement, 按照同义词连用的写作特点,可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示)。
(2)hereinafter referred to as Party B:以下简称乙方 参考译文:
5.翻译服务合同中英文 篇五
Commercial Housing Sales ContractSupervised and made by
Beijing Municipal Bureau of Land Resources and
Beijing Housing Administration Bureau
Instructions of Commercial Housing Sales Contract
1. This is a sample document, which can also be used for final signing. The purchaser shall carefully read the contents before concluding the contract. In case of disagreements on clauses or terminologies therein, consultation may be made to local competent authority of real estate development
2. The commercial house in the contract refers to the house built and sold by the real estate developer company.
3. Party involved should sign the contract based on the principle of free will. Both parties can carry out amendment, supplement and deletion to clauses in the contract. The printed words without alteration are treated as agreed by both parties.
4. For the selected options, handwriting is preferential.
5. For [ ] options, Blank filling and other contents needed to be deleted or added in the contract, both parties should decide upon negotiation. [ ] Please Use √ to make a choice; With regard to the practical conditions not happened or unlimited by the two parties, use × to denote deletion.
6. Before signing, the seller is obligated to present license of presale of commercial housing and other related certificates and documentary evidence to the purchaser.
Commercial Housing Sales Contract
Contracting Parties:
The Seller: Beijing Furan Mansion Co Ltd.
Registered Address: Beijing Chao Yang District Wei Zi Keng
Business License Registered No.:QJZFZ #013239
Enterprise Qualification Certificate No.: CY-B-0789
Legal Representative: James Morrison Telephone No.:
Postcode:
Authorized Agent:
Address:
Postcode: Telephones No.:
★ 商品房合同
★ 电子版商品房买卖合同范本
★ 商品房买卖合同范本示例新版
★ 商品房买卖中的惩罚性赔偿论文
★ 商品房预售合同模版
★ 买卖房屋合同
★ 买卖水泥合同
★ 买卖简易合同
★ 买卖购销合同
6.中英文采购合同 篇六
该采购合同为美国卡洛驰责任有限公司(以下简称甲方)和小灵猫哈特发热鞋有限公司(以下简称乙方)于广州签订
一:产品描述:
产品名称:C10103小灵猫
卖家:小灵猫有限公司
地址: 中国,广州国际贸易中心,站西路26号。
价格:900 元
数量:150 双
1.鞋子穿着柔软舒适并且有超过五小时的加热时间,电池的寿命为三年以上,并且可以反复充电500次以上。
2.温度调节开关是由微型电脑控制的,从台湾引进了有专利权的电脑微型芯片,有着高质量和高稳定的控制系统。
3.鞋子由头等皮具做成,高尚和大气。整双鞋可以保修半年。
4.独立的商标和专利,自己的工厂,可以确保售后服务的稳定和质量。二:运输
经友好协商双方于本日达成如下条款:
1.执行船舶:黄河号,1982年造,船长/型宽:106/17m,载重吨/吃水 6644mt on
7.745m,总吨/净吨3905/2905mt,散装舱容/包装舱容8778/8205cbm,2船舱2.舱口,单甲板,吊杆12mtx4
2.货物:150双小灵猫的鞋
3.装港:中国香港 1个安全港口1个安全泊位
4.卸港:美国丹佛 1个安全港口1个安全泊位
5.受载期:8th----31st/Dec.2010
6.装卸效率:按港口习惯速度尽快装卸
7.滞留损失:如果船舶在双边港口因货物和/或单证未备妥而遭受船期损失,租船人应每日支付USD2500,不足一天按比例计算。
滞留损失费在装港发生的话,连同运费一起支付,若在卸港发生,则在卸货开始前支付。
8.运费:usd9/mt,FIOST(船东不管装,卸,理舱,平舱),一装一卸
9. 所有运费在装完货并签发预付运费提单后两个银行工作日内付至船东指定帐号。所有运费在装完货后即视为已赚取,不得扣减,无须返还,无论船舶和/或货物灭失与否。
10.两边港口由船东指定代理。
11.捆扎/加固/垫舱费如有发生,由租船人承担。
12.驳船费/过驳费如发生由租船人承担。
13.船边理货/岸边理货分别由船东/租船人承担。
14.关于货物/运费的税费分别由租船人/船东承担。
15.熏舱:如果需要熏舱的话,由租船人承担熏蒸费用。船东允许熏舱24小时,租船人需补偿船东USD1500,作为船员食宿交通费用。
16.保险由买家自行负责。
三.质量保证与检验
1.在货物到达目的港时,若发现质量不符合合同规定,买方可向卖方提出索赔。由经双方一致同意后的检验机构出具调查报告。但是,那些属于保险公司及/或船公司的责任的索赔例外。买方对品质提出的异议,应在货物到达目的港由买方15日内提交。卖方应在收到索赔通知后30日内答复买方
四、货款支付
买方应通过卖方所接受的银行(也就是中国银行),于装运月份(—月)前20天开立以乙方公司为受益人的不可撤销即期信用证,并送达卖方。该信用证有效期至装船后15天在中国银行议付。
五、违约及索赔
1若买方违约:
1.1若买方在按信用证支付方式成交的条件下不开证或不按期开证,后果由买方承担
1.2若买方不按合同规定付款赎单,除了无法拿到货物之外还应支付卖方在交易过程中除了货款之外的一切费用和经济赔偿。
1.3若买方无理拒收货物应支付卖方在交易过程中除了货款之外的一切费用和经济赔偿。
1.4在买方租船订舱的情况下,未按合同规定履行应尽义务,卖方不予发货,并由买方支付货物在发货期到期的当天之后的港口滞留费用和劳务费用,因保险费用由买方支付但由卖方负责代理办理,如果买方到装船前未告知买方投保险的类别,买方自动投最小险别,之后产生的保险纠纷由买方负责。
2若卖方违约:
2.1若卖方售出的产品有下列情形之一的,卖方应当负责修理、更换、退货;给购买产品的消费者造成损失的,卖房应当赔偿损失:
(一)不具备产品应当具备的使用性能而事先未作说明的;
(二)不符合在产品或者其包装上注明采用的产品标准的;
(三)不符合以产品说明、实物样品等方式表明的质量状况的。
2.2因产品存在缺陷造成人身、他人财产损害的,受害人可以向产品的生产者要求赔偿,也可以向产品的销售者要求赔偿。属于产品的生产者的责任,产品的销售者赔偿的,产品的销售者有权向产品的生产者追偿。属于产品的销售者的责任,产品的生产者赔偿的,产品的生产者有权向产品的销售者追偿。
3违约金为货款的2倍
4在货到目的口岸20天内如发现货物品质,规格和数量与合同不符,除属保险公司或船方责任外,买方有权凭中国商检出具的检验证书或有关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款。
5由于人力不可抗力的原由,发生在制造、装载或运输的过程中导致卖方延期交货或不能交货者,卖方可免除责任。在不可抗力发生后,卖方须立即电告买方及在14天内以空邮方式向买方提供事故发生的证明文件,在上述情况下,卖方仍须负责采取措施尽快发货。
6本合同受《2000通则》的管辖。
六、仲裁
凡有关执行合同所发生的一切争议应通过友好协商解决,如协商不能解决,则将分歧提交中国 国际贸易 促进委员会按有关仲裁程序进行仲裁,仲裁将是终局的,双方均受其约束,仲裁费用由败诉方承担。
本协议英文正本两份,双方各持一份。
双方确认上述内容,并于_________年_________月_________日签字立约,以资证明。
寄售人(签字):_________代售人(签字):_________
_________年____月____日_________年____月____日
Purchasing Contract
This Contract for purchase is made on Guangzhou,by and between American Crocs Company Ltd.(here-inafter called Party A)andVigourcat-hootttCompany Ltd.(hereinaftercalled Party B).Ⅰ.DESCRIPTIONS OF COMMODITY
Name of commodity:C10103Vigourcat-hoottt
Seller: Vigour catShoes CO.LTD
Address: 26,Zhanxi Road, Global International business center,Guangzhou, China
Price:900 RMB
Number:150 Pairs
1.The shoes are comfortable with 5 hours’ heating time,battery life span is more than 3 years and can repeatedly charging for more than 500 times.2.Switch of temperature is controlled by microcomputer.We import patent for microcomputer chip and good quality and high stability temperature control system from Taiwan.3.The shoes are made by high quality leather,noble and generous.the whole shoes warranty for half a year.4.We have independent brand and independent patent,we have our own factory to make the quality reliable and high-quality after-sales service.Ⅱ.TRANSPOTATION
It is on this date that mutually agreed between the undersigned parties on the terms and conditions asf:
1)Performing Vessel:Mv xxx or sub
Yellow river,blt 1982,loa/bm 106/17m,dwt/dft 6644mt,on 7.745m grt/nrt 3905/2905,g/b capa 8778/8205cbm,2ha/2ho,sid,derriks 12mtx4
2)Cgo:150 pair of shoes from Xiaolingmao
3)L/P:1sbp Hongkong,China
4)D/P:1sbp Denver,America
5)Lycn:8th----31st/Dec.2010
6)L/d Rate:CQD bends
7)Detention charges at the rate of USD2500 per day or pro-rata, if time lost in waiting for cargo and/or documents at both ends.Detention charges incurred at loading port, if any, to be settled together with freight payment and which incurred at discharging port, to be settled before commence of discharging.8)Freight:usd9/mt,FIOST,basis 1/1
9)Full freight wb paid to owrs nominated bank acct w/i 2 bankdays acol n s/r bs/l which marked‘frt prepaid’.Full freight to be deemed as earned with discountless and non-returnable on cargo shipped on board whether ship and/or cargo lost or not lost.10)Owrs agent bends.11)L/s/d if any chtr’s acct
12)Lighterage/lightering if any chtrs acct
13)Shipside /dockside tally tbf owrs/chtrs acct
14)Taxes/dues on cgo/frt tbf chtrs/owrs acct
15)Fumigation:Fumigation if any to be for chtr’s acct.Owr allow 24hrs for fumigation, chtr should compensate owr usd1500 for crews hotel/traffic/ accomodation charges.16)The insurance is to be covered by the Buyer
Ⅲ Quality insurance and checkout
1)In case the quality is found to be not in conformity with the Contract after arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyers may lodge claim with the Sellers supported by survey report issued by an inspection organization agreed upon by both parties, with the exception, however, of those claims for which the insurance company and/or the shipping company are held responsible.Claim for quality discrepancy should be filed by the Buyers within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination.The Sellers shall, within 30 days after receipt of the notification of the claim, send reply to the Buyers.2)It is mutually agreed that the Certificate of Quality issued by China Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau.The inspection fee shall be borne by the Buyer.Ⅳ Payment
The buyers shall open with the Bank of China, Beijing, an irrevocable L/C in favor of the seller payable at the issuing bank against presentation of the shipping documents as stipulated under the general terms and conditions of this contrast after departure of the carrying vessel.The said L/C shall remain in force till the 15th day after shipment.Ⅵ Default and claim
Within 20 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, should the quality, Specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable.The Buyers shall, have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the C.C.I.C and the relative documents to claim for compensation to the Sellers.The sellers shall not be held responsible for the delay in shipment or non-deli-very of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit.The sellers shall advise the Buyers immediately of the occurrence mentioned above the within fourteen days there after.The Sellers shall send by airmail to the Buyers for their acceptance certificate of the accident.Under such circumstances the Sellers, however, are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods Ⅶ Arbitration:
7.浅谈英文商务合同的写作技巧 篇七
写作合同之前的准备工作十分重要, 要确定合同的写作提纲, 重要的问题要考虑周全, 避免遗漏。可以要求客户列出合同交易的要点, 也可以说是合同的清单、目录或概述, 还可以在办公室的电脑中或是在网上搜索类似的合同范本。可以在电脑中搜寻类似的合同范本, 要么是你给其他客户准备的, 要么是你和其他律师共同协商起草的, 使用这些旧合同可以节省时间和避免打印错误。
一、起草合同时应注意的问题
在确定了合同的写作提纲之后, 就可以开始正式的写作了。在起草时, 要注意一些细节问题, 这些内容可能会影响到合同的法律效力。标题上注明“Contract” (合同) 字样, 如果你的客户需要合同, 就要注明是合同, 如果想让你的文件成为具有法律效力的合同, 就要在标题中注明“合同”字样。一般来说起草合同要尽量写短句子, 因为短句子比长句子更容易理解, 不容易产生误会, 意思也更清楚、明了。
在合同的写作中, 要多用主动语态, 少用被动语态。相对而言, 主动语态的句子更简短, 措词更精练, 表达更明白。让我们来看一个例子, “Sellers shall sell the Property to Buyer” (卖方将把此物卖给买方) 和“The Property shall be sold to Buyer by Seller.” (此物将被卖方卖给买方。) 显然, 前者要比后者更简洁、明了。
二、注意合同的措辞, 要准确、清晰, 避免歧义
合同中的用词要严谨, 意思应该清楚, 不要用“Lessor”and“Lessee.” (“出租人”和“承租人”) , 这对一个租赁合同来说是不好的别称, 因为他们容易被颠倒或者出现打印错误。可以用“Landlord”and“Tenant” (“房东”和“租户”) 来代替他们。要把握的一条原则是, 在整个合同中, 对合同一方只能用一个别称。
使用术语“herein” (本文, 也可译为“在这里”) 时要注意, 为了避免含糊不清, 使用“本文”时最好特别申明一下“本文”是指整个合同, 还是指其所在的某一段落。
如果你想用“including” (包括) 这个词, 就要考虑在其后加上“but not limited to…” (“但不限于……”) 的分句, 除非你能够列出所有被包括的项, 否则最好用“但不限于……”的分句, 来说明你只是想举个例子。
三、掌握一些英文合同常用语句
合同中有些语句是模式化的, 在大多数的合同中都会出现, 在平时的学习和工作中, 可以积累一些这样的语句, 也可以直接从现成的合同文本中引用, 比如:
The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, all texts being equally authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text.
(本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成, 一式四份。双方执英文本和中文本各一式两份, 两种文字具有同等效力。)
The contract shall be valid for 10 years from the effective date of the contract.On the expiry of the validity term of contract, the contract shall automatically become null and void.
(本合同有效期从合同生效之日算起共10年, 有效期满后, 本合同自动失效。)
The outstanding claims and liabilities existing between both parties on the expiry of the validity of the contract shall not be influenced by the expiration of this contract.The debtor shall be kept liable until the debtor fully pays up his debts to the creditor.
(本合同期限届满时, 双方发生的未了债权和债务不受合同期满的影响, 债务人应向债权人继续偿付未了债务。)
参考文献
[1]黄始谋:《漫谈商务英语合同的翻译和理解》, 《商场现代化》, 2007, (13) 。
[2]黄始谋:《漫谈商务英语合同中的介词和介词短语使用特点》, 《商场现代化》, 2007, (08) 。
[3]张慧清:《商务英语合同中的名词化结构及其语篇功能》, 《长沙大学学报》, 2007, (04) 。
[4]莫再树:《商务合同英语的词汇特征》, 《山东外语教学》, 2003, (06) 。
[5]王友琴:《商贸英语合同写作特点与翻译探析》, 《牡丹江大学学报》, 2007, (10) 。
8.翻译服务合同中英文 篇八
【关键词】及物系统 中英文新年贺词 对比与翻译
一、引言
韩礼德的系统功能语法中的概念功能是指人们用言语来谈论对客观世界和内心世界的经验,用语言来描述周围环境中发生的事情和情形,主要通过及物系统来体现。及物系统将语言的表达分成六个过程:物质过程、心理过程、关系过程、行为过程、言语过程和存在过程。
新年贺词是指人们在新春佳节时对自己的亲朋好友予以美好的祝福。中国新年贺词的篇幅可长可短,且种类繁多,风格多种多样。国家主席的新年贺词既总结了过去一年的努力与成果,又展望了新的一年。
二、中英文新年贺词的对比与翻译
在习近平主席2015年中英文新年贺词中,物质过程、心理过程和关系过程的运用比较多,本文仅就这三种过程对中英文新年贺词进行对比分析和翻译。
1.物质过程的对比与翻译。物质过程是一个动作过程,它表示“做”某件事的过程,主要通过动词词组体现出来。过程中包括参与者和环境成分,参与者又包括了动作者、动作的目标,在不同的情况下有着不同的语义成分结构。如:
例1.(1)我们锐意推进改革,……(2)人民生活有了新的改善。(3)……南水北调中线一期工程正式通水,沿线40多万人移民搬迁,……
例2.(1)we pushed forward reforms with strong commitment…,(2)resulting in further improvement in people's lives. (3)…the first phase of the central route of Water Diversion Project from South to North was officially completed. More than 400 thousand residents along the route were relocated.
在例1的(1)小句中,“我們”是动作者,“推进”、是动词,属于物质过程,而动词后面的是动作的目标。在例2的(1)小句中,“we”是动作者,“put forward”是动词,属于物质过程,动词后面的“reforms”是动作的目标。由此可知,汉语和英语表示物质过程的语义成分基本相同,在一般情况下,译者可以按照汉语的意思直接翻译成英语。
在例1的(2)小句中,“人民生活”是动作者,“有了”是物质过程,“新的改善”是动作目标。例2的(2)小句中“resulting in”是物质过程,“further improvement”是动作目标。小句里并没有出现动作者,而“resulting”以现在分词形式出现。对比两个小句,可以看出汉语重意合,讲究形散意连,前文提到的因造就了后文的果,因果关系虽未明确表示,但读者能够明白。而英语重形合,有严谨的结构,明确表示出了该因果关系,“人民生活”则被译成“in peoples lives”做了范围。因此,译者在翻译的过程中要注意汉语中所隐藏的含义,并且为了译文的地道要适当调整语义成分,改变句子成分。
例1的(3)小句中,“南水北调中线一期工程”和“沿线40多万人” 是动作目标,“正式通水”和“移民搬迁”是物质过程。例2的(3)小句中,“the first phase of…to North”和“More than400…the route”是动作目标,“was officially completed”和“were relocated”是物质过程。两个小句中都没有出现动作者,例1中暗含“工程”和“人”被完成和重新安置,而例2中的英译文直接用被动形式表达出来。汉语中的被动句有两类,一类是有表示被动的词,一类是没有表示被动的词,句子的被动不言自明。例1(3)中没有明显的被动标志词但有被动的意思,所以例2(3)的英译文中直接用了被动句。所以译者在汉译英的过程中,要仔细分析汉语原文,辨别清究竟是主动形式还是被动形式。
因此,在汉译英的过程中,译者需要认真思考汉语所要表达的意义,然后根据其实际意义进行英译,并且适当调整相关语义成分和句子成分使译文更加符合英语习惯。
2.心理过程的对比与翻译。心理过程是一种心理活动的过程,它是主体对客观世界的感觉、情感和认知。心理过程有两个参与者:感觉者和现象。感觉者多是人,也有拟人化的动物;现象是具体的人或物、抽象的事物和事件。心理过程的运用多是为了表达强烈的内心感受。新年贺词作为一种表示强烈愿望和情感的方式,深深表达了习近平主席对人们的祝愿和感情。如:
例3.马航MH370航班失踪,150多名同胞下落不明,我们没有忘记他们,… We remember the more than 150 Chinese compatriots…
“我们”和“We”是感觉者,“他们”和“the more than 150 Chinese compatriots”是现象,“没有忘记”和“remember” 表示感情的心理过程。二者的语义成分相同。和汉语原文相比,为了突出习近平主席想要表达的强烈情感,英译文一开始便点出主要信息,用肯定表达“remember”替换了否定表达“没有忘记”,深切表达了对失踪同胞的想念。在汉语中,通常会用双重否定的方式表达肯定的含义来突出强烈情感,而英语中通常会用肯定的方式来表示。所以,译者在深刻理解原文含义的基础上,调整语义成分的结构和个别词语,突出表达原文所要表达的情感,增强译文的感染力。
3.关系过程的对比与翻译。关系过程是一种反应事物之间处于何种关系的过程,它是对客观对象的描述。关系过程可以分为三类:集约过程、环境过程和所有过程,每类又包括修饰型和认同型,其中修饰型有载体、关系过程和属性三要素认同型有认同者、关系过程和被认同者三要素,在不同类型中有着不同的语义成分。如:
例4. 开弓没有回头箭。This is an unstoppable train.
“开弓”是载体,“没有”表示所有过程,“回头箭”是属性;“This”是被认同者,“is”是集约过程,“an unstoppable train”是认同者。例4中汉语和英语的语义成分并不相同,但它们所表达的含义是相同的。在例4中,原文和译文的载体、集约过程和属性一一对应,可见,
由此可知,汉语和英语表示关系过程的语义成分相同,没有复杂的其他成分时直接翻译即可。若英汉两种语言表示关系过程的语义成分可能并不相同,甚至连过程的类型都不同,但二者所要表达的含义却可能是相同的,这就要求译者在翻译时注意两种语言之间存在的文化和表达的差异,不能生硬的直译。
三、总结
通过运用及物系统的三种过程,对中英文新年贺词进行对比分析和翻译,可以看出汉语和英语表示物质过程、心理过程和关系过程的语义成分有相同的一面,也有不同的一面。相同时译者可以根据汉义以直译为主,以灵活调整相关语义成分和句子成分为辅。不同时,译者需要深刻理解原文的含义,了解两种语言存在的文化和表达的差异,适当调整语义成分及其结构,合并和拆分相关小句,灵活翻译。
参考文献:
[1]Halliday M.A.K.An Introduction To Functional Grammar[M].London:Adward Anold,1985.
[2]Kress,Halliday:System and Function in Language[M].Oxford University Press,1976.
[3]何莎.温家宝上海世博致辞的批评性语篇分析[J].华中师范大学研究生学报,2011,108-111.
[4]胡壮麟,朱永生,张德祿,李战子.系统功能语言学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
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