合同书英文（8篇）
1.合同书英文 篇一
4. 英文合约的结构
一份完整的英文合约通常可以分为标题、序文、主文条款及结尾辞四大部份。「标题」在开宗明义地显示合约的性质;「序文」是用最简单的说明，大略介绍合约订立的背景;「主文条款」里包括依各种合约性质的不同而约定的特殊条款，以及不论何种类型合约都会出现的一般条款;最后「结尾辞」则是当事人签名前的一段文字，为整份合约画下句点。以下分别就此四部份为说明。
一、合约的标题
英文合约和中文合约都一样，标题并不是一定要有的，因为当事人间的法律关系是用合约内容的各个条款来判断，标题基本上不会产生任何影响。但为方便辨识的考量，合约撰写人通常都会依照合约性质，在合约首页的最上方给予一个适当的标题，例如“share purchase agreement”(股份收购合约)、“joint venture agreement”(合资合约)、 “loan agreement”(贷款合约)、 “distribution agreement”(经销合约)、 “license agreement”(授权合约)等等。
至于标题中可能使用的 “agreement” 、 “contract” 、 “letter” 、 “memorandum” 、 “understanding” 等各式各样的名称，有哪些意义相同，哪些在法律上可能有不同的拘束力，则请参阅第壹编之壹「英文合约的名称」一节，不再赘述。
二、合约的序文
英文合约在标题之后，各式各样的条款出现之前，通常会先有一段「序文」，一般而言不会占去太多的篇幅，目的在很简略地介绍合约规范内容之人、事、时、地、物等背景，让阅读合约的人在接触冗长复杂的主文前，先有一个基础的认识与心理准备。
详细来说，序文通常又分作以下两个段落：第一部份文字叫做 “commencement” ，也就是合约的「开场白」，内容在说明合约当事人姓名或名称、当事人的国籍与住所或主营业所、订约日期等等。
this share purchase agreement is made on the 3rd day of may, 1991 by and between&：
(1) enterprises hojaec sa, a company organized and existing& under the laws of france and having its registered office& at 89 rue albert thomas, 75010 paris and
(2) mark gilbert handerson, an individual with nationality of the united states of america (passport no.12345678), residing at 2199 palm street, pleasant hill, california 94509, usa.
本股份收购契约订立于公元一九九一年五月三日，双方当事人为：
(1) 依法国法律组织设立的enterprises hojaec sa公司， 注册所在地为48 rue albert thomas, 75010 paris，与
(2) 美国籍的mark gilbert handerson (护照号码12345678 )，居住于2199 palm street, pleasant hill, california 94509, usa.
& by and between
要表示合约是由哪些当事人所订定，英文中通常会说“this agreement is made by and between……”，用“by”来表示合约「被谁订定」，“between”来表示「谁与谁之间的合意」。如果当事人不只两个，也可以用“by and among”来代替。
& organized and existing
合约开场白里要说明当事人的国籍，在自然人的情况下可以用“a national of ……”或“an individual with the nationality of ……”来表示，如果是法人组织多半使用“organized and existing under the laws of ……”这样的字眼，其中“organized”也可以用“incorporated”来代替。
& registered office
“registered office”是指一个公司的「注册所在地」，它和“principal office” ，即「主营业所」并不一定位于同一个地方。举例来说，现在台湾很多本土企业基于税务与方便性的考量，流行在海外几个特定的地方，例如英属维京群岛(british virgin islands; 简称“bvi”)成立所谓的「纸上公司」(“paper company”)，此时这个公司必须在bvi「当地」设有一个registered office，但是公司的principal office则可能不在bvi，而位于台湾本土，因为公司一切的业务经营实际上都在台湾进行。
第二部份叫做“recitals”或 “preambles”，是由数个以“whereas”字样开头的句子所组合而成(这些句子俗称为“whereas clauses” . “whereas”的本义是“when in fact”、“considering that”、或“that being the case”的意思，所以“whereas clauses”就表示当事人乃是在本于对这些事实(例如订约的目的、背景来由等)的共同认识，订立此合约。以下是一个经销契约(distribution agreement)的whereas clauses，很简单明了地叙述制造商与经销商双方合作的意愿。
whereas, manufacturer is engaged in the manufacture and sale of the products;
whereas, manufacturer is desirous of selling the products in the territory;
whereas, distributor is engaged in the importation and distribution of the related products of the products in the territory; and
whereas, distributor is desirous of becoming a distributor of the products in the territory.
&now therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows：
(*“manufacturer”, “products”, “territory”, and “distributor” are all to be defined in other parts of the contract.)
制造人乃从事本商品制造之公司。
制造人希望在经销区域进行本商品之销售。
销售人乃在经销区域从事与本商品相关商品进口与销售之公司。
销售人希望能在经销区域代销本商品。
基于以上之认识，双方当事人遂就下列各事项达成协议：
(*文中提到的「制造人」、「本商品」、「经销区域」及「经销商」都应该在合约的其它部份加以定义。)请参照本书第贰编之伍「定义条款」。
& now therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows：
紧接在一串whereas clauses之后，会出现类似上例中的“now therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows：”这样一句话，目的在提醒阅读合约的人，真正规范订约当事人权利义务关系的条款在这句话之后就要开始了，也就是说，这句话(一般称为 “operative part”)是序文与主文之间的桥梁，在此之前为订约背景事实的叙述，在此之后则为关于交易关系的实体约定。
实务上常见者，当事人签署一份合约之后，因为对同一交易事件还有后续的约定未及于该合约记载清楚，于是再另外作成第二份合约，作为先前合约的补充条款(supplemental clauses)。在这种情况下订立的第二份合约中，就会在whereas clauses 说明其缔约的来由与补充的性质。例如：
whereas, this agreement is supplemental to an agreement dated 5 december 1989 between the parties to this agreement (“the principal agreement”) under which the purchaser agreed to buy certain assets of the vendor for an aggregate sum of ￡3 million.
本合约是为补充双方当事人前于公元****年十二月五日业已缔结之合约(以下称「主合约」)所订立，买方于主合约中同意向卖方购买总价值三百万英镑的资产。
三、主文条款
各式各样的主文条款是合约中最核心的部份，也是篇幅最大的部份，与当事人的权利义务关系发生最直接、最密切的牵连，例如买卖契约中一定要有价金、标的物等约定，合资契约中一定要约定各股东间的出资比例，授权契约一定要谈到授权范围等等，这些都是主文部份要详细记载的。
本书拟将英文合约中的主文条款大分为两类：「特殊条款」与「一般条款」。所谓「特殊条款」指的是只有在某些特定性质的合约中才会出现的条款，例如合资契约中通常会约定当事人合资成立的公司由谁来管理，董事与监察人由谁来担任等等问题，但是抵押契约就不会有这些约定。反过来说，抵押契约中一定要记载的抵押品项目、抵押期限等等，在合资契约中就不会出现。诸如此类的「特殊条款」将留待本书之后续-「进阶篇」来详细介绍。
相对于「特殊条款」的所谓「一般条款」，指的是不论合约性质如何，几乎所有的合约中都会记载的条款，例如管辖的约定、保密条款、准据法条款等等，将于本书第贰编中详细介绍，在此亦不赘述。
四、合约的结尾辞
英文合约架构中的最后一个部份就是结尾辞与当事人的签名。所谓「结尾辞」指的是在当事人签名之前经常会出现一段文字，除了表明签名人确实有签名的正当权限外，还会载明签名的日期。至于签名栏的部份，如果当事人是公司的话，除了要盖公司印鉴以外，还要有代表人的签名，并且通常会注明代表人的职称 (title)。
in witness whereof&, the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives& of both parties on the date and year first written above&.
___________________ ___________________
by： by：
title： title：
本约由被授权之人，于本约序文所记载日期，代表双方当事人缔结之，特此为证。
代表人： 代表人：
职称： 职称：
& in witness whereof
这三个字是英文合约结尾辞的标准模式，就权利义务的规范上并没有什么特别的功能或意义，与中文合约里最后通常会记载的「恐口说无凭，特立本约为证」很类似，有时候会用“intending to be legally bound”代替，意思也是一样的。
& duly authorized representatives
当合约之当事人为法人组织时，必须推派出一位自然人作为代表，例如公司的代表人通常会是董事长，代表公司与其它人订立合约，建立权利义务关系。除了董事长根据法律当然具备对外代表公司的权限之外，公司董事会也可以决议授权某一个董事、总经理、或其它重要职员作为公司签约的代表人，此时与公司签约的对方当事人为了确保这个代表人的确属于“duly authorized representative”，可以要求公司提供这个授权的董事会决议证明，以妥善保护自己的权益。
& the date and year first written above
如果合约结尾辞里注明的日期和合约最前面序文所载的日期相同，就用这句话表示，如果不同的话，就应该另以条款明定合约生效日(effective date，请参考本书第贰编之拾参「合约之期间与更新」)，以免产生争议。
第贰编 英文合约的一般条款
如本书第壹编之肆「英文合约的结构」一节所述，所谓「一般条款」，乃相对于「特殊条款」，指不管合约的性质如何，通常都会出现的条款，例如不论是买卖、合资、租赁、借贷、技术移转等合约，尽管缔约目的各自不同，却同样少不了合意管辖、准据法、通知条款等等一般性的约定，记载这些一般性约定的条款，就叫做一般条款。
详细来说，一般条款又可分作两大类：第一种为与当事人所要规范之交易的实体权利义务有关系的一般条款，这种一般条款虽然在每一种性质的合约中都会记载，但是内容上依照各类合约性质可能大相径庭。以下介绍的诸多一般条款中，「交易标的」与「交易条件」就是属于这种一般条款。
2.合同书英文 篇二
国际项目的运行在很大程度上是合同的签订与执行过程,对于走出国门不久的部分油服企业,要干好国际项目,签好合同乃是重中之重,那么理解合同则是签订与执行的重要前提。理解有两个层面,首先要从字面以及条款的层面懂得文字意思,更重要的是从技术以及商务层面把握业主的意图,尤其对于第二层面,我们在合同谈判的时候就要注意,力求在这一阶段维护自身利益并规避风险。
英文合同在国际贸易中目前占主体地位,尤其对于油服项目,几乎全部采用英文合同。英文合同实际传承英美法系的理念,贯穿着许多英美法的概念和思维,这与理解中文合同不但存在语言的隔阂,文化上的差异更需要注意。油服项目的英文合同多由行业内的主要业主与承包商起草,历经长时间的磨合,形成了许多格式化的语言与条款,主要内容其实大同小异。下面就英文工程合同主要条款进行分析。
一、定义
出于合同语言精确的特点,多数合同都包含定义条款,明确合同中涉及的重要概念,比如工作范围、工作地点等,虽然不涉及风险,但为保证吃透合同,精确理解合同,仍然要仔细阅读。
二、合同期限
合同期限主要涉及合同生效日期与终止日期。
合同的生效问题我国合同法有明确规定。《合同法》第44条规定:依法成立的合同,自成立时生效。这里的成立是指双方通过协商一致完成签字。有些合同在正文的条款中规定了合同的开始时间,这与我国《合同法》第46条规定是一致的,即当事人对合同的效力可以约定期限。
合同终止是需要特别注意的问题。由于油服业务尤其是钻井服务面临诸多风险,有来自地层的原因,有来自操作的失误,有来自恶劣天气的破坏,也有来自设备的故障,甚至来自战争冲突。无论是什么原因,都会造成施工中断、工期延误、井喷等污染事件甚至会对整个社会造成很大影响,这都是双方不愿意看到的事情,有些也会使项目失去意义或导致项目亏损,此时,一方或双方都会想到终止合同。
三、钻机检验
油服行业尽管可以细分为几十个分支行业,但钻井业务绝对是不可或缺,正是由于钻井业务处于油服行业的基础层面,钻机在一定程度上也是油服行业的基础设备,因此,业主非常重视钻机检验环节也就不足为奇,很多合同对钻机检验环节有着丰富的规定。
1.钻机验收检测,是指开钻前业主依据合同工作范围对钻机的检测,目的是为保证钻机运转正常操控得当,并检验承包商人员是否合格,是否按规定程序恰当操作。业主对于检测到的所有问题将记录在案,承包商应及时整改,并应在开钻前达到业主的满意。
此处应注意,对于业主提出的整改要求,作为承包商,我们要想到,完成整改后,业主应及时验收,以避免由于业主拖延验收,耽误开钻时间,影响工期。
2.作业期间的验收。业主将根据合同相应条款在作业期间开展钻机检测,主要是针对安全、机械、电力系统,以确保工作安全高质量运行。
当然承包商要根据合同要求配合业主,并及时整改业主发现的问题。这时如果业主发现问题,将对承包商非常不利,有些合同规定此时发现问题,如果对于大包项目,承包商无权要求额外工作时间;如果对于日费项目,承包商整改期间将适用零日费;但此期间的检测费用由业主承担。
四、责任与赔偿
这部分内容非常重要,而且突出体现了英文合同的专业性语言。责任与赔偿条款不仅在形式上专业,内容上也很专业,集中了作业中的主要技术风险,如钻井作业中的井下工具、井喷、污染及油层损坏等。这部分内容之所以重要,不仅在于其专业性,这部分内容所涉及的事件,比如事故亡人、工具损坏甚至井喷事故,都足以使项目一亏到底甚至酿成像2010年BP墨西哥湾漏油那样的全球瞩目事件,当然也有巨额亏损与赔偿。
1. 人员与财产。
承包商将免除业主所有责任,包括法律成本,与执行合同有关的下列事件:承包商及其人员的财产损失,承包商人员伤病死亡,承包商过失造成的任何第三方人员伤亡与财产损失。同样,业主也将免除承包商任何责任,包括法律成本,与合同有关的下列事件:业主财产及业主人员财产的损失,业主人员伤亡,业主过失所造成的任何第三方人员伤亡和财产损失。
2. 井下工具。
在日费作业过程中,如果承包商井下工具发生损坏,而且由承包商之外的原因导致,业主应当赔偿其损失,当然要扣除正常磨损。由于业主过失所造成的承包商设备的损失,业主将负责赔偿,扣除折旧,业主将自行选择赔偿维修或替换二者中的较小额度费用;但每次事故赔偿额不超过上限。
3. 业主物品。
承包商应采取必要措施确保其保管的业主设备免受损害,对于由其过失所导致业主设备的损害,承包商将负赔偿责任,但要扣除折旧,而且每次事故赔偿额最多不超过上限。
4. 污染责任。
承包商对于其执行合同过程中产生的与任何污染有关的损害、赔偿、责任将豁免业主,污染漏油、漏气以及管线破坏等多种形式。相应的,业主的污染责任与承包商相对称。
5. 油层损害。
业主对于作业过程中油层或其他矿藏的损害导致的赔偿、责任将豁免承包商。
6. 井喷控制。
井喷可谓是钻井服务中甚至是整个油田服务中最大的风险,后果不堪设想,损失不计其数,在合同中必须要有明确约定。如果在大包作业中发生井喷,包括但不限于由承包商过失导致,或在日费作业中全部或部分由承包商过失导致,承包商将对此负责并免除业主赔偿责任,而且应当承担封井或其他控制措施,但每次井喷事故的赔偿额不超过上限,这体现了大包服务的高风险特点。
如果在日费作业中发生井喷事故,业主将承担责任并对承包商豁免,而且承担封井或其他控制措施的全部费用。但对于全部或部分由于承包商过失导致,业主将只负责超过承包商上限部分赔偿。
当今世界环境保护意识早已深入人心,尤其在石油行业,资源国对环境的重视大大超过了对利益的重视,业界早已形成了共识,重视环保是公认的准则。这一观念需要中资企业理解并接受,这也要求我们在投标以及预算过程中事先纳入环保理念与成本,在合同谈判中明确污染和井喷等与环保相关事件的处理思路。
五、知识产权
对知识产权的重视早已成为国际贸易的显著特点,在油服业务中也不例外,合同中一般规定,任何一方无权使用另一方提供的知识产权,包括商标权、专利权、商业秘密等,无论直接还是间接,用于执行合同之外的目的。
对于一方在合同开始后或在合同之外产生或改进的知识产权,完全使用其自身的数据、设备等条件,由其享有该项权利。
一方要免除另一方的责任,针对其在执行合同过程中由于违反知识产权所导致的损失,除了这种违反是由于另一方提供的信息或指导。
六、适用法律及争议解决
国际贸易本就发生在不同国家之间,很多时候双方的文化理念与风俗习惯甚至宗教信仰千差万别,出现争议纠纷无可避免,所以纠纷解决机制也有重要意义。合同中一般规定,承包商要遵守项目所在国法律法规,依法获取当地法律要求执行项目所必需的各种许可,并自行承担有关费用。承包商在执行合同过程中要遵守当地关于反腐败以及反洗钱法律,除此之外,还要遵守英国以及美国的反腐败和反洗钱法律。
很多合同都有类似说法,双方应本着诚实信用原则通过友好协商解决争议,如果协商不成,要向英国或美国法庭提起诉讼,有的合同也以欧美商业中心的仲裁庭作为最终争议解决途径。
从以上合同内容不难看出,国际贸易的话语权还掌握在行业巨头手中,发达国家仍为国际贸易的强势群体,中资公司要想在国际贸易舞台上获得一席之地还有很长的路要走,在合同与商务规则把握方面肯定还需要下更多功夫。
摘要：近几年,中资油田服务企业不断进入国际市场,与国际接轨的层次有了前所未有的高度。众所周知,国际贸易最显著的特点在于合同的签订和履行,而这在油田服务领域更是显露无遗,所以在油田服务项目中,对于合同的理解与把握对于项目有至关重要的作用。
3.合同书英文 篇三
【关键词】商务英文合同概括性法律语言翻译
1．概括性法律语言的语言特点
1.1 词汇特点
（1）专业术语的使用
如，“Execution”作为一个常用词时是“执行”，然而在法律语言中意义是“签订”。“presents” 作为一个常用词是“礼物”，然而在法律语言中意思是“本文件”。
（2）古体词的使用
在商务英文合同中, 以下词用的很多，如，“herein”, “hereafter”, “hereto”, “hereunder” “therein”, “thereunder”, “whereby”, “wherein” 等等。
（3）外来语的出现
如，“bar” 意为“法庭，审判台”（法语）, “coemptio”意为“买卖婚姻”（拉丁语）。
（4）同义词的大量使用
如，“loss, injury or damage” 指“伤亡”。 “terms or condition”, 为 “条件”。 “stipulations and provisions” 意为“条款”。
（5）shall的使用
Party B shall warrant the promised condition of the work within one year after the date of receiving the work by Party A.（张福林，1998：297-298）
1. 2句式特点
（1）长句的使用
The seller shall not be responsible for delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which has occurred during the manufacturing process or in the course of loading or in transit.
（2）條件句的使用
Subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth, ABC company will indemnify and protect the Purchaser against any losses or damage.
（3）平行句的使用
An enterprise as legal person shall terminate for any of the following reasons:
a) if it is dissolved by law.
b) if it is disbanded.
c) if it is declared bankrupt in accordance with the law; or
d) for other reasons.
（4）被动句的使用
If his habitual residence is not the same as his domicile, his habitual residence shall be regarded as his domicile.
（5）命令句式
The lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons shall be protected by law; no organization or individual may infringe upon them.
（6）名词化句式
Smuggling of goods whose import or export are subject to prohibition or restrictions, which constitute criminal offences shall be subject to…
2．概括性法律语言在商务英文合同中的翻译
2.1词法层面的翻译
2.1.1 古体词
在商务英文合同中经常使用古体词来增加合同的规范性与正式性，所以在翻译的过程中，对于主要的古体词应该着重强调。（孙致礼，2003：70-73）
（1）“Here-prep” type 基本的意思是：“本……”，“此……”。如，hereafter翻译成“以下”“此后”“下文中”等等。
2.2.2 同义词
在商务英文合同中，有一些同义词词义相似互补，但仍然存在细微的差别。译者应该尽可能的找到中文里相应的对等词。如，deterioration, defect or loss，损蚀、缺陷或损失。
2.2.3 shall
Shall一词通常情况下翻译成应该和必须，但是在表示权利的时候，可以省略。
The seller shall not be held liable for the delay in shipment. 卖方概不负责。
2.2 句法层面的翻译
2.2.1条件句的翻译
通常 “should + S + V” 结构的句子，表示可能性很小，通常翻译成 “若”，“如果”。如，Should the quality and specifications of the goods be found not on conformity with the contract, the buyer is entitled to put up claim against the seller. 如果发现货物的数量和合同规定不符，买方有权向卖方提出索赔。
2.2.2长句的翻译
长句的原因大致有三种：多重修饰、平行结构与复杂句子结构。关键是先找主干。根据刘宓庆对长句的分析，最基本的一些策略，包括植入埋藏策略、剪辑策略、倒置策略等等。
如，植入埋藏策略
The seller shall not be responsible for delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which has occurred during the manufacturing process or in the course of loading or in transit. 因在生产、装运或运输过程中发生的不可抗力事件，卖方对迟交或未交货不负责任。
2.2.3状语从句的翻译
Where 句子的翻译中，where经常被翻译为“如果”。（杜金榜，2004：245）如，Where no settlement can be reached, the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration. 如果得不到解决，应将争议提交仲裁。
参考文献
[1]杜金榜，法律语言学[M]，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2004。
[2]张福林，实用法律英汉翻译[M]，武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社.，1998.10
4.英文合同 篇四
为了提高员工英文水平,北京xx公司(下称“公司”)聘请xx先生(下称“教师”)作为英文教师教授口语。经双方友好协商,达成以下聘任协议:
1、合同效力
本合同自双方签字后自动生效。
2、聘任期
六个月
3、课程安排
课程按以下计划安排
3.1 每周两次,每次90分钟。
3.2 每周课程具体时间是: 周一 ____:____
周四 ____:____
4、 双方责任
4.1 教师职责包括:
a) 根据参考书系统化,条理化教课。
b) 为提高英语听说能力推荐相应的磁带。
4.2 公司提供教室及第5条所规定的工资。
5、薪水
在聘任期内,公司在每月月底支付教师工资,每节课按240元人民币(税后)。
6、结束
合同到期后,无须通知任何一方,将自动终止。如其中任何一方欲延长合同,须在合同期满前2周通知对方。
invitation agreement
in order to improve the english level of the staff of _____ (hereinafter referred to as the “company“ as one part) invite mr. xx (hereinafter referred to as the ”teacher” as the other party) to teach oral english courses. on the basis of friendly negotiation, both parties enter into this invitation agreement:
article 1 effectiveness of the agreement
the agreement shall come into force automatically as of the signature date of this agreement.
article 2 term of invitation
term of invitation shall be ____ .
article 3 schedule of courses
the courses shall be arranged with the following schedule,
3.1 2 courses per week, each course costs 90 minutes.
3.2 for each week, the courses is allocated to
monday ___: ___
thursday ___: ___
article 4 duties of the two parties
4.1 the teacher shall perform in a diligent manner, including:
a. formulate and provide a systematically teaching courses with reference books;
b. recommend tapes if they are conducive to improve listening and speaking english.
4.2 the company shall provide teaching room and pay salary to the teacher in accordance with article 5.
article 5 salary
during the term of invitation, the company shall pay the teacher an after tax salary at rmb _____ per course at the end of each teaching month (each 4 courses over).
article 6 termination
this agreement shall automatically terminate, without notice by either party to the other, when it expires. if one party wishes to extend this agreement, he shall notify the other party two weeks before the termination day of this agreement.
英文合同 篇2
出租人LESSOR： ______________
(以下简称甲方Hereafter referred to as “PARTY A”)
电话Tel：______________ 手机Mobile：______________
承租人LESSEE：
(以下简称乙方Hereafter referred to as “PARTY B”)
通讯地址Mail Add：
电话Tel： 传真Fax：
住客姓名The occupants of the premises will be：
甲、乙双方经协商一致，订立本合同。合同内容如下：
This lease has been mutual agreed and set up by PARTY A and PARTY B as the following:
1. 出租物业The Premises to be leased are described as follows:
地址Location:
面积Area:
电话Tel: _____条IDD直线, ____ IDD lines
2 租金Rental:
2.1租金每月为 元整， 形式支付
PARTY B shall pay as rent the sum of ; i.e.RMB per month.
2.2租金包括家具和电器的配置(详见附件), 供暖费, 物业管理费、水费,电费,+煤气费、健身卡、卫星收视费。 The Rent includes the Furniture、the Electrical Appliances （see Appendix A）, Heating Fee, Management fee，water fee , electricity fee, gas fee，Fitness card，Satellite TV service fee.
2.3租金应在入住前及此后每月的 号前支付。甲方应在收到租金后向乙方开具正式发票。甲方应每月提前向乙方发出支付租金的书面通知。
The first rental shall be paid before moving in and the following rental shall be paid before the th of each succeeding 1 month’ term. PARTY A shall issue to PARTY B official invoice （Fapiao） upon receiving the rental. Party A shall send prior written notice to Party B for monthly rental payment request.
2.4租金以人民币支票或转账形式支付.
Rental is payable in Ren Min Bi by check or by bank transfer.
2.5 在本租约有效期内，租金不予调整。
Rent will not be modified during the term of this Lease Agreement.
3 押金 Deposit:
3.1乙方须支付相当于两个月房租的押金（即RMB ）, 以人民币支票或转帐形式支付）。甲方应在收到押金后向乙方开具统一收据。
A deposit of two (2) months’ equivalent rental (RMB ) shall be paid by PARTY B in RMB by check or by bank transfer. PARTY A shall issue to PARTY B official receipt upon receiving the deposit.
3.2押金在合同终止后10天内由甲方以相同币种全额退还给乙方（不计利息）。如果延期返还，则每延期一日，按每日万分之四支付给乙方利息。
The deposit shall be refundable in full amount in 10 days after the contract expiration, in same currency and excluding interest thereupon. In case PARTY A delays the refund of the deposit, PARTY A shall pay interest to PARTY B at the rate of 0.04% per day of delay.
3.3甲方应按时付清各种帐单。若以上出租房屋及其家具、设备等因乙方原因出现遗失或非正常的损坏，乙方应负责赔偿。
PARTY A shall pay off on time all the bills due. In case there is any loss or unusual damage to the furnishings, contents or the rental premises due to PARTY B’ s reason, PARTY B shall compensate for it.
4 租期 Lease term:
乙方租用出租房屋期限为 1 年，即自 年 月 日至 年 月 日。
From 16 July 20xx to 15 July 20xx for one (1) year.
5 出租人的责任 PARTY A’s obligation:
5.1 3甲方声明及保证甲方为该出租房屋的合法拥有人，有合法地位出租此房屋，并就出租事宜已取得有关方面的批准。
PARTY A assures to be the legal owner of the leased premises, to have the necessary legal capacity to lease it, and PARTY A’ action has been ratified by the authorities concerned.
5.2租赁期内，若甲方出售该出租房屋导致该出租房屋所有权发生转移,甲方须保证本合同能继续执行。
In case PARTY A sells the premises during the lease which leads to the premises ownership be transferred, PARTY A shall ensure that the said contract will be implemented continuously.
5.3甲方须按时将清洁状况良好的出租房屋交付乙方使用，保证在租赁期内出租房屋内的各项设施能正常使用。 PARTY A shall hand over the said premises to PARTY B on time and assure the said premises will be cleaned and in good status during the lease term.
5.4甲方有义务负责出租房屋及设施的正常维护和保养，如房屋或设施非因甲方原因出现故障，甲方应在收到乙方通知后二十四(24)小时内自行或通过其他方式解决故障，否则，乙方有权雇佣第三方进行维修，由甲方承担所有费用并承担相关责任。由于不可抗力（如地震、台风、洪水、非人为的火灾等）、自然损耗或乙方以外的原因造成的损坏，亦由甲方承担有关费用。
PARTY A shall bear the responsibility of the said premises’ normal repairs and maintenance, and pay the cost related. In case the premises or facilities are in bad conditions not due to the reason of PARTY B, PARTY A shall complete the repair work within 24 hours upon receipt of the notice from PARTY B. Otherwise, PARTY B shall have the right to hire any third parties for the repair work at the cost of PARTY A. The cost of repairs to the said premises, if damaged by Force Majeure (such as earthquake, typhoon, flood non-man made fire, etc) reasonable wear and tear or by accidents beyond PARTY B’S control, should also be borne by PARTY A.
5.5租赁期内，在乙方遵守合同及支付租金的前提下，未经乙方允许，甲方不得进入该出租房屋。
During the lease, PARTY A shall not get in the said premises without PARTY B’S permission if PARTY B has been carrying out the contract normally.
5.6甲方应督促管理公司向乙方提供足够的服务，如冷水、热水、煤气,电的供应及各种设备的正常工作。 Party A shall direct Property Management Company to provide sufficient and continuous services to Party B, including provision of cold water, hot water, gas and electricity and ensure proper maintenance of equipment therein.
5.7 房产税及与租赁有关的所有税费由甲方承担。
Premises tax and other leasing related taxes shall be paid by PARTY A.
6 承租方的责任 PARTY B’S obligations:
6.1 乙方申明及保证其在中国拥有合法居留权，并按有关规定办理必要的居住登记手续。
PARTY B assures to have the legal right of residence in China, and shall complete the residential formalities complying with the local regulations.
6.2 住客应按时支付电话费含上网费、水电煤气费。
The occupant shall pay the telephone bills and internet fee, extra water electricity gas fee on time.
6.3 乙方只能将出租房屋用做住宅，不得将之用作公司及代表处的注册地址，亦不可作为公开的办公室。 The premises are limited for residential use only by PARTY B, and are prohibited from registering as legal address for any company or agency, or using as public office.
6.4 乙方不得在出租房屋内进行违反法律及政府对出租房屋用途有关规定的行为。
PARTY B shall not carry in the premises any unlawful or illegal activities which are not allowed according to the leasing regulations from the government.
6.5 租赁期内，未经甲方书面同意，乙方不得将出租房屋部分或全部转租他人。
PARTY B shall not partly or totally sublet the said premises without the written permission from PARTY A.
6.6 若因乙方使用不当或不合理使用，出租房屋及其内的设施出现损坏或发生故障，乙方应及时联络管理机构或甲方进行维修，并负责有关维修费用.
The damage of the premises or the fittings that are within the control of PARTY B shall be borne by PARTY B, and PARTY B shall contact the management office or PARTY A instantly.
6.7 租赁期内，乙方对出租房屋进行装修或增加水、电、消防等设施，须经甲方同意并经有关部门批准，并由甲方执行监理，所需费用由乙方承担。双方解约时，乙方不能移走自行添加的结构性设施，甲方亦不必对上述添加设施进行补偿。
PARTY B, upon written permission of PARTY A, may make additions or alterations dealing with water,
electricity supply or fire protection, at his own expense, subject to necessary permits or licenses required by the authorities concerned and under the supervision of PARTY A .No structural alterations or additions can be removed from the premises upon the expiration of this contract. No reimbursement for the said additions.
6.8 乙方有权在墙壁上悬挂画、图片或其他装饰性物品。合同履行期限届满或提前解约时，甲方应承担费用拔掉钉子、粉刷墙壁或使墙壁恢复原状，并承诺不以此为由扣留乙方的押金。
PARTY B is entitled to hang pictures, paintings or other decorative articles on the walls. Upon expiration or early termination of the contract, PARTY A shall bear the cost to remove the nails, repaint the wall or restore the wall to the original state, and PARTY A shall not retain PARTY B’S deposit for the reason of doing things above.
6.9租赁合同期满的前一个月内，经合理事先书面通知，乙方应允许甲方或其授权人 引领潜在客人参观在出租房屋。
During the last month of the contract, after reasonable prior written notice to PARTY B, PARTY A or his nominee shall be allowed to show the said premises to the potential clients.
6.10 租赁期满，若甲，乙双方未达成续租协议，乙方应于租期届满时或之前迁离出租房屋并将钥匙及清理干净的`房屋归还甲方.
PARTY B shall return the premises in a clean condition to PARTY A (except wear and tear) at the expiration of the contract if there is no renewal thereupon.
7 提前解约Early termination:
7.1六(6)个月后，乙方如要退租，应提前一(1)个月书面通知甲方终止本租约。在此情况下，甲方应在本租约终止后十(10)日内将押金全额退还乙方。
After six (6) months, Party B may, upon one (1) month advance written notice to Party A, terminate this
Tenancy Agreement without any liabilities. Under this circumstance, Party A shall return the deposit in full to Party B within ten (10) days after the termination.
7.2 若因自然界的不可抗力，如火灾、洪水、台风、地震、战争等意外损害导致出租房屋无法居住，合同即自动终止，甲、乙双方互不承担责任。
If the said premises are so damaged by force majeure (fire, flood, typhoon, earthquake, war, and etc) that it’s no longer habitable, the contract shall be terminated automatically. Neither PARTY A nor PARTY B shall bear any responsibility to each other.
8 续租 Renewal:
租赁期满，乙方有优先续租权，但须提前一个月通知甲方，并安排签订续租合同。
PARTY B retains the priority to renew this lease upon expiration , while one-month prior notice to PARTY A is necessary, and PARTY A shall arrange the signature for the renewal contract.
9 争议的解决 Dispute Resolution:
9．1 本合同适用法律为中华人民共和国相关法律。
The contract is governed by the laws of the People’s Republic of China.
9．2在履行本合同过程中产生的任何争议由双方协商解决，协商不成，可向中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(北京)申请仲裁。
In case of any dispute arising out of the performance of this Contract, PARTY A and PARTY B shall consult
together to reach unanimity, otherwise both parties can submit the dispute to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (Beijing) for arbitration.
10 其他Others:
10.1本合同以中英文两种文字拟成，两种文本同等有效。
The contract is drawn in both Chinese and English versions. Both texts have equal effect.
10.2 本合同一式二份，甲、乙双方各执一份。
Two copies of the contract will be drawn and remained in the possession of PARTY A & PARTY B. 10.3本合同自签定之日起生效。
The contract shall come into force on the date of signature.
10.4本合同的附件是本合同必不可少的组成部分。附件一列明的物品在甲、乙双方核实签字后生效。
The appendix is an indivisible part of this contract. Details listed in appendix 1 shall not come into affect until being checked and signed by both PARTY A and PARTY B.
11 签章 Signatures and official marks:
甲方 乙方
PARTY A: PARTY B:
授权代表： 授权代表人：
Authorized representative: Authorized representative:
盖章： 盖章：
Seal: Seal:
日期 日期
Date : Date :
附件一APPENDIX 1: 家 具 清 单FURNITURE LIST
The Furniture listed below will be provided by the Landlord as per those chosen by the Occupant (in IKEA Furniture Brochure).
项目 Items - Quantity数量
Living Room客厅 - Dining Room餐厅
1 - Three-Seat Sofa三座沙发
2 - Single Sofa单座沙发
1 - Tea Table茶几
1 - TV Stand电视柜
1 - TV电视
1 - Telephone电话
1 - Dining Table餐桌
篇三：房屋租赁合同中英文版
Tenancy Agreement
房屋租赁合同
出租人（以下简称甲方）： Landlord：(hereinafter called” Party A”) 身份证号码（Identity Card No.）： 电话（Tel）：法定地址（Registered Address）： 代理人(Agent)：电话（Tel）： 法定地址（Registered Address）： 代理人身份证号码（Identity Card No.）：
承租人（以下简称乙方）： Tenant：（hereinafter called “Party B” 护照/身份证号码（Identity Card No.）： 电话（Tel）： 法定地址（Registered Address）： 甲、乙双方就甲方愿意出租、乙方自愿承租物业事宜，以双方协商一致，同意签订本房产租赁合约。 An Agreement made BETWEEN Party A of the one part and Party B of the other part WHEREBY IT IS:
一、 租赁物业名称（以下称“该物业”） Name ＆ address of Property to be rented：（hereinafter called “the said premises”）:
二、 用途：该物业只供作住宅 使用。
Usage：for domesticuse only.
三、 面积：该物业建筑面积为平方米。
Area：square meter.
四、 租约期限（Terms of Tenancy）：
年固定租约由
Formal Tenancy：租赁期租金：每月人民币XX元整。此租金已经包含该房屋每月的出租税金。
六、 付租条款（Payment Terms）：
1、
. 五、 租金(Rent)：
2、 付款方式：乙方须以银行自动转帐方式在支付。
Payment Method: Party B shall deposit the rent to Party B’s bank account below:
受益人（Beneficiary Name）： 银行 (Bank) ：
帐号（Bank A/C NO）：
七、 管理费：租赁期内管理费由XX 支付。
Management Fee：八、 公用事业费：电费,水费,煤气费，和电话费等等, 均由 XX 支付。
Public Utility Fees: electricity fee, water fee, gas fee, and telephone fee, etc, shall be responsible by
九、 保证金（Deposit）:
签订本房产租赁合约时，乙方须付甲方保证金 人民币XX元整.
On the signing of this Formal Tenancy Agreement, Party B shall pay to Party A a security deposit in
十、 其它条约(Other Terms):
1、 乙方须按上述规定交付保证金于甲方，于租约终止或期满时，甲、乙双方不再续约，乙
方在付清全部租金及公用事业费后，保证金（不计利息）得凭原收据领回。
The said deposit (no interest will be counted) shall be repayable forthwith from Party A to
Party B at the expiration or determination of the tenancy without any renewal, subject to
Party B had completed full payment of the entire contract period and paid all Public Utility
Fees or any other fees related.
2、 甲方按每日1%交付滞纳金。如乙方超过15天不支付租金，则视为乙方违约，甲方有权
取消租赁合同并且没收全部按金。
daily interest of 1% of the monthly rent will be imposed as a fine of the payment delay to
Party B. if party B pay rent delay more than 15 days , party A should be have right to cancel
the contract and deduct all deposit from party B.
3、 该物业内之一切原来设备及间隔，乙方必须得到甲方书面同意，方可更改或增减。
Party B shall not make or permit to be made any alterations in or additions to the said
premises without having first obtained the written consent of Party A.
4、 乙方不得在该物业之内任何地内存放违反危险品条例之物品，例如军械、火药、璜硝、
汽油, 有爆炸危险性的物品及挥发性之化工原料等等, 另乙方不得在该物业内做任何
违反中国法律行为。否则，一切后果，由乙方负责。
Party B shall not store arms, ammunition or unlawful goods, gun-powder, saltpeter, kerosene
or any explosive or combustible substance, etc. in any part of the said premises, the tenant or inmate shall not use the said premises for any illegal purposes, for violation against the law of People’s Republic of China in any part of the said property, Party B shall be answerable and responsible for any consequence of any breach of local ordinance.
5、 乙方须正确维护该物业内甲方所提供之家具、电器、装置及设备、该物业之原来一切设
备如有因非正当使用造成的损坏，乙方须负责修理或赔偿。
To keep the interior of the said premises and furniture, fixtures and fittings provided by Party A in condition of normal use throughout the tenancy, if any damages made by any abnormal use, Party B is responsible for the repair or reimbursement.
6、 乙方不得拒绝甲方派谴之人员，在适当时间入屋检视该单位近况或进行任何修理工程。
Party B shall permit Party A and its agents with or without workmen or others and with or without appliances at all reasonable times to enter upon the said premises and to view the condition thereof and to take inventories of the fixtures therein and to carry out any repairs to the premises which Party A considers necessary or proper to be done.
7、 当租约期满或终止前X个月，甲方有权在不骚扰原则下, 张贴招租告示于该单位外,
乙方亦应准许甲方/代理人在合理时间内，带同新租客进入该物业视察。
During the X month immediately preceding the determination of the said term of tenancy, Party A shall be at liberty to affix and retain without interference or molestation on the door or the external parts of the said premises a notice for letting the said premises and the Party
B shall permit and allow all persons with written or oral authority from party A or its agent or agents at all reasonable hours of the day to view the said premises or any part or part thereof.
8、 租约期满，乙方如需延长租约，须在租约期满 X 个月前以书面方式通知甲方，经甲
方同意，乙方可以新订租金和租约继续入住该物业。
X month written notice before the expiration is required for any tenancy renewal; new tenancy agreement will be generated under the consent of both parties.
9、 乙方须自行投买风灾, 水灾, 火灾, 盗窃, 意外保障等等, 乙方如在该单位内有任何损失,
甲方不负任何责任。
Party B shall himself cover insurance for his own belongings against Typhoon, Depression, Storm, Flood, Fire, Theft, Accidents, etc. in relation to this Tenancy. Party A shall not be responsible for any damage or loss under all circumstances.
10、 乙方不得于单位内制造或容许制造噪音, 异味或任何滋扰邻居或业主安宁之举动, 其中
包括拖欠租金。经警告后仍未有所改善, 甲方有权终止租约。
Party B shall not permit any noise or allow any music to be produced in the premises so as to give cause for reasonable complaint from the occupants of neighboring premises, otherwise, Party A has the right to terminate the tenancy immediately if case continued after advised. 11、
12、 甲方须承担该物业的房产税、土地使用税。 Party A shall pay all property tax, land tax and any other tax or charge of the said premises. 租约期内，甲方有权将该物业出售给第三者，本合约对购得该物业之新业主仍然有效，
所有适用于甲、乙双方的条款，同样无条件适用于新业主和乙方。
During term of tenancy, Party A shall have the right to sell the said premises to the third party. The terms and conditions here in contained which applicable to Party A and Party B must be applicable to the new landlord and Party B without negotiation.
13、 本合约之附件，包括：家具装置设备清单、房屋所有权证副本，租赁协议书，均为本合
约不可分割的成部分。
The attachments, including Furniture Fixture, Appliances List Title Certificate., Property Certificate and Offer letter forms an integrate part of the agreement.
14、 本租约适用中华人民共和国法律、自甲、乙双方签章后，双方均应遵守本租约规定的各
项条款，如发生争议，双方不能完满解决，将依照中华人民共和国有关法律仲裁解决。 The agreement is construed in accordance with laws of People’s Republic of China (PRC). Both parties shall perform and observe the stipulation here in contained upon signing. Any disputed shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with the arbitration of PRC. The applicable law shall be PRC law.
15、 本租约各有中、英文版本。英文版本为中文版本之译本，如英文版本与中文版本在翻译
上有所不同，以中文版本为准。 This agreement is given in Chinese and English languages. The English Language is an abridged translation of the Chinese text but in event of any difference between the Chinese text and the English translation, the Chinese text shall prevail.
甲方Party A：(签章) （Signature）
乙方Party B：(签章) （Signature）
日期:(Date):
英文合同 篇3
INTERNATIONAL SALESCONTRACT
The Seller agrees to sell and the buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stated below:
(1)Product description:
(a) model number:BCD—226STV
(b)About the exterior appreance:
total volume(L):226
power comsumption(kW.h/24h):0.6
effective area of freezer:58
effective area of variable greenhouse:43
effective area of storage room:125
dimentions(L*W*H):580*560*1786mm
(c)About the function:
Fresh kept; automatic thermostat;
over-temperature alarm; led display;
individual shutdown.
Unit Price: $680 (680 dollars)per set
Quantity:1000 sets
(2)Contract Value：$680,000(six hundred and eighty dollars )
(3)Country of Origin: China
(4)Port of Shipment: Dalian,China
(5)Port of Destination: Newyork,Ameirica
(6)Time of Shipment: November 12th, 20xx
(7)Packing: The goods must be properly packaged, suitable for ocean-going and long-distance land transport, moisture, shock, anti-rust resistance, rough handling, to ensure that the goods will not be damaged by the above reasons, so good to arrive safely. Any loss caused by poor packing should be born by the seller.
(8)Marks: The seller must use non-fading paint to print each box number, size, gross weight, net weight, hanging position, “this side up”, “Handle with care”, “keep dry” and other words.
(9) Insurance：The insurance shall be covered by the Seller under the term of CIF for 110% of the invoice value against all risks.
(10) Terms of Payment: Letter of Credit.
The buyer shall 30 days prior to shipment open an irrevocable credit contained the buyer as the payer and the seller as the beneficiary through U.S. bank. China bank should commit the credit after he received and verificated the following documents.
(a)Full set of clean on board ocean Bills of Lading made out to Great World Store and blank endorsed marked freight to collect； (b)Commercial lnvoice；
(c) The Inspection Certificate of Quality issued by CCIC of China； (d)Certificate of Origin；
(e)Notice of Shipment.
(11)Terms of Shipment:
(a)The seller must notify the buyer name of the booking vessel and itstransportation routes 40 days before sail, for the buyer to confirm. (b)The seller must notify the buyer expected time of delivery, contract number, invoice amount, the number and the shipment weight and size of each piece 20 days before shipment.
(C) The seller must notify the buyer of goods, quantity, gross weight, invoice amount, name of the vessel, and departure dates by telegraph/telex within 48 hours after shipment.
(d) If any piece of cargo to meet or exceed the weight of 10 tons, 15meters long , 10 meters wide, the seller shall 50 days before shipment provide the buyer with five copies of detailed packing drawing, indicating detailed size and weight, so that the buyer can arrange inland transport.
(e)Transhipment and Partial shipment are both not allowed.
(12) Inspection:
(a)The seller must test the quality of goods, specification and quantity fully and accurately, and issue a quality certificate to prove that the delivery is in accordance with the relevant provisions of the contract , but this certificate is not the fianl basis toprove quality of the goods, specifications, performance, and number .The seller should attach the written report contained inspection details and results of tests to the quality manual.
(b)After the goods arrive at the port of destination, the buyer must apply to the U.S. Commodity Inspection Bureau for inspecting the quality of goods, specification and quantity , and issue a certificate of inspection. If you find that the quality, specification and quantity
do not match with the contract, in addition to which insurance companies or ship shall be responsible for, the buyer has the right to refuse accepting the goods and claim to the seller,within 7 days after arrival at the port of destination .
(c) If the inspection certificate can not be settled within the validity period of the contract for some unforeseen reasons, the buyer should telephone the seller to extend the inspection period for 3 days.
(13)Claims:
(a) Within 3 days from the date of the arrival of the goods at the final destination,if the quality,specification,quantity and packing of the goods are found not in conformity with the stipulations of this contract,the Buyer shall give a notice of claims to the Seller within the above mentioned time limit and have the right to lodge claims . (b)Considering the result from the defect of the goods ,the Buyer has the right to bring the claims for their damages against the Seller. The Seller shall undertake to make the compensation for claims,except those for which the insurrance company should undertake the obligations.
(14)Force Majeuer:
(a)If any contracting party could not fulfill the contract by resistance
英文合同 篇4
The following document offers excellent guidelines when preparing a timber sale contract.?Separate articles may be added to suit specific circumstances.?It is advised that the Seller and Purchaser employ legal counsel to review the contract prior to its endorsement.
Contract entered into this ______ day of _____, 20___., by and between __________ of _________ Illinois, hereinafter called the Seller, and _____________, of ____________(city), ___________(state), Illinois Timber Buyer License Number _______, hereinafter called the Purchaser, WITNESSETH:
1. The Seller agrees to sell and the Purchaser agrees to buy for the total sum of ________dollars ($_______) under the conditions set forth in this contract all of the live standing timber marked or designated for cutting and all of the dead or down timber marked or designated upon an area of approximately _____ acres, situated in the _________ of Section ________, Twp._______ R._______, ____________ County, Illinois, on land owned and recorded in the name of _______________________.
The Purchaser further agrees to pay to the Seller as an initial payment under this contract the sum of _________________ dollars ($_________), receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, and a final payment in the sum of ________________ dollars ($_______), prior to any cutting or removal of timber under this contract.
2. The Seller further agrees to mark and dispose of the timber conveyed in this contract in strict accordance with the following conditions:
(a) All trees to be included in this sale will be marked with a distinctive mark on the bole and stump of each tree.
(b) No trees under _____ inches in diameter at a point 4 1/2 feet from the ground will be marked for cutting.
(c) No concurrent contract involving the area or period covered in this contract has been or will be entered into by the Seller without the written consent of the Purchaser
(d) The Purchaser and his employees shall have access to the area at all reasonable times and seasons for the purpose of carrying out the terms of this contract.
(e) Unless otherwise specified, all material contained in the marked or designated trees is included in this sale
(f)
(g)
3. The Purchaser further agrees to cut and remove all of the timber conveyed in this contract in strict accordance with the following conditions:
(a) Unless an extension of time is agreed upon in writing between the Seller and Purchaser, all timber shall be paid for, cut, and removed on or before and none after the _____ day of _______, 20___, and any material not so removed shall revert to the Seller.
(b) Unmarked trees and young timber shall be protected against unnecessary injury from felling and logging operations.?If, however, unmarked trees are cut, damages shall be paid the Seller at the rate of $1 per tree per M bd. ft. for all other species, and in the event that any such trees are cut, said trees shall remain upon the premises and shall be the property of the Seller.
(c) Necessary logging roads shall be cleared by the Purchaser only after their locations have been definitely agreed upon with the Seller or his representative, and any trees to be removed in the clearing operations shall first be marked by the Seller.
(d) During the life of this contract and on the area covered, care shall be exercised by the Purchaser and his employees against the starting and spread of fire, and they shall do all in their power to prevent and control fires.
(e) Any liability for damage, destruction, or restoration of private or public improvements or personal damages occasioned by or in the exercise of this contract shall be the sole responsibility of the Purchaser, and the Purchaser shall save harmless the Seller on account of such damages.
(f) The risk if loss or damage to the trees herein purchased, from any and all causes whatever, shall be borne by purchasers from the date hereof.
(g) The Purchaser will not assign this agreement without the written consent of the Seller.
(h)
(g)
(i)
4. The Seller and Purchaser mutually agree as follows:
(a) All modifications of the contract will be reduced to writing, dated, signed, and witnessed and attached to this contract.
(b) Any need for reassignment of interest of either party may be changed within 10 days following written consent by both parties.?All terms of this contract legally bind the named representatives to excuse this document as written.
(c) The total number of trees conveyed is _____ (having a volume of approximately _____bd. ft.) composed as follows:
_______ white oak, _______ red and black oak, __________________, ____________________, ______________________, __________________.
(d) In case of dispute over the terms of this contract, final decision shall rest with a reputable person to be mutually agreed upon the by parties to this contract.?If the parties hereto do not agree upon a third party within 10 days following the initiation of the dispute, or in the case of further disagreement, then within 15 days from the initiation of the dispute, it shall be submitted to a Board of Arbitration of three persons, one to be selected by each party to this contract and the third to be selected by the other two.?The Board shall decide the dispute within 5 days after the matter is referred to it.
In the event that damages are awarded to the Seller by the Board of Arbitration and are not paid on the date that the award is made, then all operations of the Purchaser shall immediately cease, and if the award is not paid or satisfied within 30 days after the date of award, the Seller may take immediate possession of the premises upon which the timber is located, shall retain as liquidated damages all money paid by the Purchaser, and the title to all timber shall revert to and become the property of the seller.
In witness whereof, the parties hereto have set their hands and seals this __________ day of ______________________ 20____.
WITNESSES:
______________________________???______________________________
for the Purchaser?? Purchaser
______________________________???______________________________
for the Seller Seller
英文合同 篇5
The date of signature of this agreement
协议签署日期：
Advertiser 广告商：
Advertiser’s Address 广告地址：
Telephone 电话:
Agency 代理商：
Agency’s Address 代理商地址：
Telephone 电话:
This Advertising Agency Agreement (hereinafter referred to as Agreement) is made and effective this Date of, by and between Advertise and Agency.
此广告代理协议（下称：协议）从签约之日起由广告商和代理商之间签订并生效，
Agency is in the business of providing advertising agency services for a fee. 代理商从事提供广告代理服务并收取费用。
Advertiser desires to engage Agency to render, and Agency desires to render to Advertiser, certain advertising agency services, all as set forth.
广告商欲雇用代理商提供服务，并且代理商欲提供给广告商某些广告代理服务，如下所示。
NOW, THERFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements and covenants herein contained the parties hereto agree as follows:
因此，现在，考虑到在此包含的双方约定和合同，双方同意如下条款：
1. Engagement 雇用
Advertiser engages Agency to render, and Agency agrees to render to Advertiser, certain services in connection with Advertiser’s planning, preparing and placing of advertising for certain of Advertiser’s products as follows:
广告商启用代理商提供，并且代理商同意提供给广告商和广告商的计划，准备和投放一些广告商的产品的服务，如下所示：
A. Analyze Advertiser’s current and proposed products and services and present and potential markets.
分析广告商的目前和建议的产品和服务，目前和潜在的市场。
B. Create, prepare and submit to Advertiser for its prior approval advertising ideas and programs.
创立，准备和提交给广告商先前批准的广告理念和计划。
C. Prepare and submit to Advertiser for its prior approval estimates of costs and expenses associated with proposed advertising ideas and programs.
准备和提交给广告商与所建议的广告理念和计划的先前的批准的预计成本和费用。
D. Design and prepare, or arrange for the design and preparation of, advertisements. 设计和准备，或安排广告的设计和准备。
E. Perform such other services as Advertiser may request from time to time such as, but not limited to , direct mail advertising preparation, speech writing, publicity and public relations work, market research and analysis.
进行广告商可能不时要求的其他服务，例如，但不局限于，直接的邮寄广告准备，演讲稿，宣传和公共关系工作，市场研究和分析。
F. Order advertising space, time or other means to be used for publication of Advertiser’s advertisements, all time endeavoring to secure the most efficient and advantageous rates available.
预订用于广告商广告发布的空间，时间或其它方式，一直努力获得最有效的和最有利的费率。
G. Proof for accuracy and completeness of ions, displays, broadcasts, or other forms of advertisements.
寻求精确性和完成广告附加页，展示，广播或其它形式的广告。
H. Audit invoices for space, time, material preparation and charges.
审计空间，时间，材料准备和费用的发票。
2. Products产品
Agency’s engagement shall relate to the following products and services of Advertiser: [Products]
代理商的启用将与广告商的下列产品和服务有关[产品]
3. Exclusivity 独家代理
Agency shall be the [Exclusive or Non-Exclusive] advertising agency in the United States for Advertiser with respect to the products described in Section 2 Above. 代理商将是关于上述第二部分广告商在美国的[独家代理或非独家代理]广告机构。
4. Compensation赔偿金
A. Agency shall receive an amount equal to Media Commission Rate of the gross charges levied by media for advertising placed therewith by Agency pursuant to this Agreement; and Non-Media Commission Rate after volume discount, of the charges of suppliers of services or properties, such as finished art, comprehensive layouts, type composition, photos, engravings, printing, radio and television programs, talent, literary, dramatic and musical works, records and exhibits, purchased by Agency on Advertiser’s authorization during the term of this Agreement; provided that:
代理商将根据此协议获得等同于[媒体佣金费率]的由代理商投放广告媒体所征收的总费用；并且在总量折扣之后获得等同于[非媒体佣金费率]的供应商的服务或财产的费用，如艺术品，总体设计，字体组合，直接影印本，版画，印刷，广播和电视节目，人才，文学作品，戏剧和音乐作品，唱片和展览，由代理商根据广告商的授权在此协议期限内购买；只要：
英文合同 篇6
担保合同中英文对照 供参考
担保协议Guarantee Agreement 担保合同，（适用于银行担保项下）(Applicable to Bank
Guarantee)
1.作为委托人的（以下称“委托人”）和
2.作为保证人的XX银行股份有限公司 （ 以下称“保证人” ）签署。
This Guarantee Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the “Agreement”) is made and entered into
as of (M/D/Y) between as the Client (hereinafter referred to as the
“Client”) and Branch, China XXXX Bank as the Guarantor (hereinafter referred to as the
“Guarantor”).
□本协议构成委托人与保证人签订的编号为 年 字第号的《授信协议》
（下称《授信协议》）的组成部分（本条适用的，在□中打“√”）。
The Agreement constitutes an integral part of the Credit Extension Agreement [20 ] No.
(hereinafter referred to as the “Credit Extension Agreement”) between the Client and the
Guarantor (if this paragraph applies, please click “√” in □).
鉴于：
Whereas
1.委托人或被担保人 （以下简称被担保人）与 于 年月日签署了总金额为 币 的编号为 的关
于 的合同/ 标书（以下简称“合同”），或委托人
或被担保人参加了招标书编号为 关于 项目的投标
（以下简称“投标”）；
1. The Client or the Guaranteed (hereinafter referred to as the “Guaranteed”)
signed No.Contract on/ Bid Document totaling (Currency) (hereinafter referred to as the “Contract”) withon (M/D/Y), or the
Client or the Guaranteed participated in the tender forProject with Bid
Document No. (hereinafter referred to as the “Bid”);
2.委托人申请保证人为委托人或被担保人开立上述合同或投标项下以
为受益人（以下称“受益人”），金额 币 ，编号为 的保函/备用信用证（下称“保函”）。
2. The Client applies to the Guarantor to open No. Letter of Guarantee/Stand-by LC
(hereinafter referred to as the “Letter of Guarantee”) with an amount of(Currency)
under the above Contract or Bid for the Client or the Guaranteed with as
the Beneficiary (hereinafter referred to as the “Beneficiary”).
保证人同意应委托人申请按如下条件为委托人或被担保人向受益人开具上述保函：
The Guarantor agrees to issue the above letter of guarantee in favor of the beneficiary for the
Client or the Guaranteed upon request of the Client on the following terms and conditions:
第1条 在保证人开立保函之前，委托人应根据保证人的要求：
Article 1 Before the Guarantor issues the letter of guarantee, the Client shall upon request of the
Guarantor:
1.1 向保证人提供下列保障（以下项目根据实际情况打“√”选择）：
1.1 Provide the Guarantor with the following security (please click “√” according to facts):
□1.1.1 在保证人处开立保证金账户（保证金账号为以保证金存入时甲方系统自动生成的帐
号为准），存入金额为 币 的保证金，作为委托人履行本协议项下各项义
务的质押担保，以备受益人索赔时偿付；和/或
□1.1.1 Open a guarantee fund account (A/C is generated automatically by Party A’s system when
the guarantee fund is deposited) with the Guarantor, and deposit a guarantee fund of
(Currency)as a pledge guarantee for the Client to perform each obligation under the
Agreement, and indemnify the Beneficiary at the time of claim; and/or
□1.1.2经保证人认可的企业法人、其他组织或自然人向保证人签发以保证人为受益人的不
可撤销反担保书；和/或
□1.1.2 Have any corporation, or other organization or natural person recognized by the Guarantor
issue the Guarantor with an irrevocable letter of counter guarantee in favor of the Guarantor;
and/or
□1.1.3以保证人接受的抵押物或质物抵(质)押给保证人，以作为偿付担保。双方另订抵（质）
押合同。（做删除标记）
本合同为《授信协议》项下具体合同的，本条款不适用，本合同项下债务自动纳入与保证人
签署了最高额抵/质押合同或向保证人出具了最高额不可撤销担保书的担保人的担保范围。If the Contract is a particular contract under the Credit Extension Agreement, this Article will be
inapplicable, and the obligations under the Contract will be automatically included into the scope
of undertaking by the undertaker signing a maximum mortgage/pledge contract with the guarantor
or issuing the guarantor with a maximum irrevocable letter of undertaking.
1.2应保证人要求向保证人提供下列文件的正本或经委托人法定代表人签字并加盖公章证
实为真实和完整的副本；
1.2 Upon request of the guarantor, provide the Guarantor with the original copies of the
following documents or the duplicate copies signed by the legal representative of the Client and
stamped with the official seal for proof of authenticity and integrity;
1.2.1委托人及/或被担保人的营业执照；
1.2.1 The business license of the Client and/or the Guaranteed;
1.2.2委托及/或被担保人的公司章程；
1.2.2 The articles of association of the Client and/or the Guaranteed;
1.2.3委托人全体现任董事名单及签字样本；
1.2.3 The name list and the specimen signature of all the current directors of the Client;
1.2.4同意委托人签署并执行本协议的委托人的董事会决议；
1.2.4 The resolution of the board of directors of the Client approving the Client to sign and
execute the Agreement;
1.2.5委托人或被担保人与受益人签署的合同；或受益人的招标文件，投标人的投标文件；（做
删除标记）
1.2.6委托人的上财务报表及审计报告书，以及申请前一个月的财务数据；
1.2.6 The Client’s financial statements and auditor’s report for the last year, and financial data for
the month before the application;
1.2.7抵押物或质物的权属证件（若有抵押物或质物时）；（做删除标记）
1.2.8保证人要求的其他资料。
1.2.8 Other materials as requested by the Guarantor.
上述手续或材料以保证人实际要求的为准，并且为保证人应享有的权利而非义务，有关手续
或材料是否完全齐备对本协议效力不构成影响。
The provision of the above formalities or materials shall be based upon the actual request of the Guarantor, which is a right entitled to but not a duty assumed by the Guarantor, and their completeness and fullness will not affect the legal force of the Agreement.
华译网翻译公司提供专业担保合同翻译服务。Shanghai Chinese consecutive interpretation service
华译网翻译公司提供专业同声传译服务。
第2条 委托人在此向保证人声明、承诺和保证如下：
Article 2 The Client hereby makes a declaration, commitment and warrant to the Guarantor as follows:
2.1委托人为依照中华人民共和国法律正式成立及有效存在的商事主体，有充分的民事行为能力签订和履行本协议；
2.1 The Client is a commercial subject legally incorporated and validly in existence under the laws of the P. R. of China, and has full civil capacity to sign and perform the Agreement;
2.2委托人有合法的资格签署及履行本协议，签订和履行本合同已获得董事会或任何其他有权机构的充分授权；
2.2 The Client is eligible to sign and perform the Agreement, and has obtained the full authorization of the Board of Directors or any other competent authorities to sign and perform the Contract;
2.3 委托人或被担保人有合法资格与受益人签署合同，有足够的能力履行与受益人签署的合同；委托人保证委托人或被担保人履行与受益人签署的合同，并有义务及时向保证人通报履约情况及出现的问题；
2.3 The Client or the Guaranteed is eligible to sign the Contract with the Beneficiary, and has full capacity to perform the Contract signed with the Beneficiary; and the Client undertakes that the Client or the Guaranteed shall perform the Contract signed with the Beneficiary, and has duty to inform the Guarantor about the performance of contract and any issue arisen in due course;
2.4 委托人接受和认可保证人向受益人开立的保函的内容；
2.4 The Client accepts and acknowledges the contents of the letter of guarantee issued by the Guarantor to the Beneficiary;
2.5 委托人保证不使保证人因为开具保函而蒙受任何损害和损失；
2.5 The Client undertakes to protect the Guarantor from any damage or loss as a result of issuing the letter of guarantee;
2.6 委托人无条件地同意保证人按有关法律规定及/或在无其他约定的情况下按办理保函项下的一切事宜，并承担由此产生的责任；
2.6 The Client unconditionally agrees the Guarantor shall handle any matters under the letter of guarantee according to the relevant provisions of the laws except otherwise stipulated, and assume any liability arisen therefrom;
2.7委托人保证当受益人向保证人索赔时，委托人无条件承担第一位付款责任；
2.7 The Client undertakes that where the Beneficiary claims against the Guarantor, the Client shall unconditionally assume the primary liability for payment;
2.8委托人保证保函项下的项目符合国家有关法律法规的规定，由于项目本身而产生的一切经济和法律责任由委托人承担，与保证人无任何关联；
2.8 The Client undertakes that the project under the letter of guarantee conforms to the provisions
of the laws and regulations of the state, and any economic and legal liability arisen from the project itself shall be only borne by the Client, but have no relationship with the Guarantor;
2.9委托人同意按本协议规定，按期足额支付上述保函项下的依照保证人要求应付的各项费用；
2.9 The Client agrees to duly pay in full any expenses payable under the above letter of guarantee upon request of the Guarantor according to the provisions of the Agreement;
2.10 委托人同意保证人仅有义务审核保函项下受益人提交的索赔文件、单据或证明（以下统称“索赔文件”）的表面真实性，而不对索赔文件所述事实的真实性负任何责任；
2.10 The Client agrees that the Guarantor only has duty to examine the apparent authenticity of the claim documents, vouchers or certificates (hereinafter uniformly referred to as the “claim documents”) submitted by the Beneficiary under the letter of guarantee, but assume no liability for the authenticity of the facts stated in the claim documents;
2.11委托人同意当因汇率波动或可能发生波动或保函修改等原因导致保证金账户资金不足时，将按保证人的要求不时存入足额资金，该资金自存入保证金账户之日起视为特定化并移交保证人占有，作为委托人履行本协议项下各项义务的质押担保；
2.11 The Client agrees to deposit adequate fund from time to time upon request of the Guarantor where the guarantee fund account falls short due to any movement or would-be movement of exchange rates or any amendment to the letter of guarantee, and such fund shall be deemed as designated and handed over to the occupancy of the Guarantor as of the date when it is deposited into the guarantee fund account as the pledge guarantee for the Client to perform each obligation under the Agreement;
2.12 委托人同意在办理保函业务时，如邮电、电讯传递过程中发生的任何延误、遗失、残缺或其他差错，保证人无须承担责任；
2.12 The Client agrees that the Guarantor shall assume no liability for any delay, loss, defect or other error incurred in the process of posts and telecommunications transmission at the time of handling the guarantee business;
2.13 委托人保证按季向保证人报送贷后检查所需财务数据及与保函业务相关的资料。
5.入职合同(英文) 篇五
The following confirms our mutual agreement:
Post:
Start Date:
Contract
Term/Expiration Date:
Starting Salary: RMB _________net per month and statutory social benefits and allowances in
China / gross per month, plus _____ month bonus in early 20___, which shall be
calculated based on the number of months of employment during 20___.Performance Review: In accordance with Company standard benefits policy.Mid-year for development and evaluation, and by the end of each calendar year
for the purposes of job performance and salary evaluation.Holidays: You will be entitled to the appropriate number of statutory paid holidays(plus
statutory public holidays)in each holiday year.The number of statutory paid
holiday days in 20____ shall be calculated based on the number of months of
employment during 20____.Hours of Work:
The term of your employment shall begin as of the start date above and the [first] month of your employment will be considered as a probation period.During this probation period the Company is entitled to terminate your employment and this Agreement at any time with a notice of [____] days.[Squire Sanders Notes:
Term:Labor contract may have for a fixed term or an open term.However, at the end of the second fixed term contract, employer must offer employee an open term contract.Fixed term contracts typically have a term of _____-_____ years.The main difference between a fixed term and an open term contract is that a fixed term contract gives employer an opportunity to terminate the employment relationship without cause at the end of the term(with notice and severance pay).This is a major advantage because the labor arbitrator/courts are very protective of employees and it is difficult for employers to satisfy the statutory grounds for unilateral termination by employer.PRC law has strict regulations on termination of employment.Even during the probation period, the employer is not allowed to unilaterally terminate employment unless the employee proves to be ______AM until ______PM;however, due to the nature of this position, you will be required to work such hours as necessary for the performance of your duties._____________________ _____________________[_____] Year(s)Term, expiring on _____________________.unqualified for the position.To facilitate potential termination, at a minimum a clear and detailed job requirements/qualifications should be communicated to the candidate in the position requirement posting(e.g., educational/professional degrees/qualifications, level/years of experience, communication skills, language skills).After the probation period, the employer may terminate the employment only under one of the statutory grounds described in Sections 12.2.4 – 12.2.6 of the form Employment Contract.As noted, Chinese courts and labor arbitrators are generally protective of employees and will interpret statutory grounds narrowly in favor of the employee.(Based on our experience, generally the burden of proof imposed on employer to justify termination is notably higher for terminations after the probation period)
Probation Period:
Notice: Only _____ days prior written notice is required by employer for termination.We have revised the draft offer letter to reflect this minimum requirement.]
Maximum Length:
___ months to less than ___ year
___ year to less than ___ years
___ years or longer or open-term contract
This offer shall be valid for a period of 2 days and if not accepted by you in this period shall be void and null.Any time prior to your signing of this letter, the company reserves the right to withdraw this offer.If you wish to accept this offer, please complete the declaration at the end of this letter and return the signed letter to me as soon as possible.This will acknowledge your understanding and acceptance of these terms of your employment.On acceptance of this letter, you shall sign _______________ Standard Employment Agreement including Intellectual Properties, Inventory, Patents, etc.and Non-Competition, Confidentiality clauses.Please report to the office at ________am on your first day, bringing with you your _______________, ________ documentation showing right to work in China, and ID form if available.Finally, congratulations on this appointment and we look forward to welcoming you.If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me on _____________________.___month ___months ___months]
Yours sincerely,_____________
____________ of ____________
I confirm my acceptance of this offer of employment on the above terms.Accepted by:
6.英文合同 篇六
mrs. ghazala waheed w/o abdul waheed, adult, r/o house no.***-*, dha, lahore cantt, (hereinafter to as the lessor of the one part).
and
mr.* ***,r/o china, refereed to as the lessee of the other part.(expression “lessor”
and “lessee” wherever the context so permit shall always mean and include their respective heirs, successors legal representative and assignees).
whereas the lessor is the lawful owner and in lawful possession of house no,***-*,dha,
lahore cantt, consisting of 4 bedrooms with bath, d/d,tv; lounge, kitchen, store, servant, quarter together with fixtures and fitting (hereinafter collectively called the demised premises).
and whereas the lessor has agreed the lease and the lessee has agreed to take on lease the demised premises on the terms and condition as given below:-
1. this agreement in only valid if lessee is renewed and extended for the lease period.
2. the lessor lets lessee takes the demissed premises for a period of 12 months
commencing from 15th january XX. the lease is renewable for a further period as may be mutually agreed in writing on expiry of the lease period
3. the rent of the demised premises shall be usd3,300/-(us dollars three thousand and three hundred only) per month
4. the lessor hereby acknowledges receipt of the sum of usd.19,800/-(us dollars nineteen thousand and eight hundred only) per month.
5. it is hereby agreed between the parties that the lessee shall pay the aforesaid monthly rent
usd. 3,300/-(us dollars three thousand and three hundred only) as the monthly rental advance by 20th of each calendar month for which if is due after completion of advance rent period ending on 15th july XX.
6. that the lessor hereby acknowledges receipt of the sum of rs.60,000/-(rupees sixty thousand only) from the lessee as fixed edposit security which shall be refunded to the lessee on giving back the vacant possession of the demised premises after deduction of damages/shortages outstanding bills for electricity, water, gas and telephone charges etc, against the demised premises.
the lessee herby convenants with lessor as following:
1. to pay to the lessor the rent hereby reserved in the manner before mentioned.
2. that the lessee shall not at any time during the terms, without the consent in writing of the lessor, pull down, damages or make any structure alterations to the demised premeses provided always, the lessee shall have go write install any fixtures and fittings excluding air-conditioners in the demised premeses, to detach and repossess the same subject to the restoration of the demised premeses to their original state at his cost (reasonable wear and tear excepted) on the expiry of this lease or any renewal hereof.
3. to use the demises premises for residen
tial purpose and would not be used for a commercial purpose the demises premise would not be used occupied by mr. ****
and family.
4. not to sublet the whole or any part of the premises.
5. to pay regularly the bills for electricity, gas, water and telephone charges in respect of the demised premises. a copy of all the paid utility bill be forwarded to the lessor every three month regularly. in case of disconnection of any facility due to non-payment, lessee will be responsible to get them restored and pay the same. all dues must be cleared before the expiry of the lease.
6. the lessee shall keep and maintain the said premises in good and tenantable conditions during the tenure of the lease.
the lessor hereby convenants with the lessee as following:-
1. to pay all existing and future rate, taxes assessments and other charges of a public nature whether impose by the municipality, government or any other authority in respect of demised premises.
2. not to erect or set up a building or structure on the demises premises nor to add to any existing building or structure during the period of lease or any renewal without the written consent of the lessee.
it is hereby declear and muturally agreed between the lessor and lessee ans follwing:=
1. the lessee and the lessor shall have the right and option to terminate this lease at any time only after the expiry of the lease period i.e., 24 months, provided they give one (1) month notice in advance to either of the parties.
2. the meter reading of various utilities are as given below:-
utility meter number today’s reading
a) elecricity ———————— ————————
b) gas ———————— ————————
c) telephone ———————— ————————
7.英文合同语篇的言语行为分析 篇七
合同文本是贸易活动中买卖双方行使权利与履行义务的重要依据，也是处理商务纠纷的主要依据。由此，合同所扮演的角色不言而喻。对于英文商务合同，很多学者已经从语言形式层面上进行过研究。文章运用语用学言语行为理论来分析英文合同的言语行为类别。
二、言语行为理论
言语行为理论首先是由英国哲学家J.Austin提出的。他根据语力将以言施事行为分为五种：裁决型、施权型、承诺型、阐述型和表态型。Searle在Austin的基础上把言语行为分为五大类：指令类、宣告类、承诺类、断言类和表达类。自20世纪70年代以来，许多语言学家开始将言语行为理论应用于语篇分析。Habermas(1981)分析了英语法律言语行为;周杏英(1996)研究了银行信函中的言语行为;张新红(2000)分析了汉语立法语篇中的言语行为;黄艺(2002)重构了英文商务信函的分类等。
三、英文合同语篇言语行为的类别分析
（一）宣告性言语行为
商务合同订立的前提是买卖双方就贸易活动协商达成一致。英文合同一般在其序言部分明示了这一点。如：
例1：“This contract is made by and between the Selle rs and the Buye rs w he re by the Se lle rs agre e to s e ll and the Buye rs agre e to buy the unde r-m e ntione d goods according to the te rm s and conditions s tipulate d be low:…”
上例主要实施了宣告性言语行为。宣告性言语行为能导致事态变化，其施为意图是使主题内容与客观现实相一致。该序言部分宣告了合同的订立(be made)及订立的前提即双方协商达成一致(agree)。
合同生效才受到法律的保护。英文合同一般在序言部分明确了生效日期，结尾部分常用套语实施宣告性言语行为宣告其法律效力。如例2:
“This contract is made out in two originals in both English and Chine s e,both ve rs i ons are e quallyvalid…”
英语商务合同是跨国商务活动中签署的具有法律地位的文件，在合同的结尾部分通常还宣告了该合同适用的法律，亦属于宣告性言语行为。如例3:
“This contract shall be gover ned bythe laws ofthe People's Re public of China.”
（二）指令性言语行为
权利和义务的约定是合同的主体。在英文合同语篇中，主要通过实施指令性言语行为来约定责任和义务。指令性言语行为的施为意图指说话人不同程度地指使听话人做某事。按照行为目的和语力程度，它可以分为禁止、命令、允许、请求和建议等(彭林，2003)。在英文商务合同中常见的主要为禁止、命令、允许和要求。
禁止行为规定了当事人不应有的行为。表达这一行为常用shallnot加施为动词。如：
例4：“Party Ashallnot supplythe contracted commodityto othe r buye rs in the above-m e ntione d te rritory.”
命令行为规定了合同当事人应当履行的义务。表达这一行为在英文合同中常用shall或must加施为动词。如：
例5：“Terms of Payment:The Buyers shallopen with a bank acce ptable to the Se lle rs an Irre vocable Sight Le tte rofCre dit to re ach the Se lle rs 30 days be fore the m onth ofs hipm e nt…”
许行为是对某种贸易行为做出许可。在英文合同中常用行为动词allow或pe rm it。如：
例6：“The Sellers are allowed to load 5%more orless and the price s hallbe calculate d to the unit price.”
要求行为是就某一贸易活动对当事人提出要求的行为，常用行为动词require。如：
例7：“It is required that imports shallbe inspected at the port of de s tination by the China Entry-Exit Ins pe ction and Quarantine Bure au in re s pe ct of the irquality.”
（三）授权性言语行为
在商务合同中，除了规定当事人的义务，还明确了其相应的权利。授权性言语行为的施为意图是赋予听话人实施某些行为的权利。在英文合同中表达这一行为的施为动词有：“have the right”,“grant…right”,“be e ntitle d”。如：
例8：“The Buyers have the right to lodge claims for allloses s us taine d w ithin 60 days afte r dis charge of the goods at the port of de s tination.”
此外，授权性言语行为在英文合同中还使用情态动词may加施为动词的形式。May旨在明确约定当事人的权利，即可以做什么。如：
例9：“The relevant Inspection Certificates may serve as the bas is of any clam to be lodge d by the Buye rs agains t the Se lle rs.”
四、结语
英文商务合同主要实施了宣告性、指令性和授权性言语行为。这些行为规范约束了贸易双方的权利和义务，为商业交易的顺利进行提供了保障，在一定程度上减少了商业纠纷。
摘要：合同文本是贸易活动中买卖双方行使权利与履行义务的重要依据,也是处理商务纠纷的主要依据。由此,合同所扮演的角色不言而喻。对于英文商务合同,很多学者已经从语言形式层面上进行过研究。
关键词：英文合同,言语行为理论,合同言语行为类别
参考文献
[1]黄艺.以言语行为分类模式重构英文商务信函的分类[J].南京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2002.
[2]彭林.广告语言中的言语行为研究[M].武汉:湖北大学,2003.
[3]吴敏,吴明忠.国际经贸英语合同写作[M].广州:暨南大学出版社,2002.
[4]张新红.汉语立法语篇的言语行为分析[J].现代外语,2000.
8.合同书英文 篇八
背景经历
我们先来看看摘自2006年考研英语阅读文章的一个句子。
Stratford-on-Avon， as we all know， has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.
请问，你刚才在阅读过程中遇到下面这几个词组时是不是这样反应的。
Stratford-on-Avon：咦，这是什么鬼？不懂！（或许还会有读者把Stratford误读成了Stanford [斯坦福]。）
as we all know：嗯，这个我知道，是“众所周知”的意思。
has only one industry：这个简单，意思是“只有一个工业”。
William Shakespeare：这我知道，是指莎士比亚。
distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches：这一长串单词有点不确定啥意思了，开始有点小纠结了。
下面笔者来与大家分享一下自己读这个句子的心理过程。读到Stratford-on-Avon时，笔者想：“哦，这不就是莎士比亚的故乡嘛，我去过这个地方。”Stratford是英国中部的一个小镇，靠近埃文河（即Avon），因为是莎士比亚的出生地和埋葬地而著名（a town in central England on the River Avon； birthplace and burial place of William Shakespeare），下图的房子就是莎士比亚的故居。
因此，这个小镇每年吸引来自各地的游客，旅游业是该镇的一个支柱产业。这就是为什么下文说“has only one industry—William Shakespeare”，只有一个产业，那就是经营与莎士比亚相关的旅游业。因此，若把这里的industry理解成“工业”，就不对了。
因为有这一旅行经历，笔者看到Stratford-on-Avon这组文字符号时，就能够立即从脑海中提取以往的生活经历，准确地理解这个专有名词的含义，能够把Stratford-on-Avon与下文的William Shakespeare联系起来，并准确理解“has only one industry—William Shakespeare”这部分内容。
通过这个例子，我们看到，如果有与英文文章相关的背景经历，那么文章理解起来就轻松多了。也就是说，你的生活经历、人生阅历、相关的知识背景会帮助你理解文章所要表达的思想内容。
语言知识
以上笔者是凭借自己的背景经历从“信息内容”的方面来解读Stratford-on-Avon这个短语的。看到这里，也许有读者觉得这有点不公平，因为不是每个人都有这样的经历，都去过这个小镇。那么，现在笔者就换个视角来解读Stratford-on-Avon，从“语言知识”的角度来分析。具体来说，就是凭借对介词on的语义和用法的掌握，笔者也能准确地理解这个短语所要表达的内容。我们先来看下面这个图片。
这是一条海岸（coast）。当我们汉语里说“海岸边”时，既可以指靠近陆地的这一边，也可以指靠近海水的这一边。也就是说，汉语里的“海岸边”是有歧义的，分不清在陆地上还是在海水里。但是，英文可以明确区分：陆地这边的“海岸边”英文是on the coast，海水里的“海岸边”英文是off the coast。请比较。
1. a. He lived on the coast.
他住在海岸边。
b. The boat was anchored off the coast.
船停泊在海岸边。
这里b句中船与海岸的位置关系就是off the coast，如果需要具体说明离海岸多远，比如距离海岸两公里，就可以说成two kilometers off the coast。
上述表达方式同样适用于河流的岸边。据此，当笔者读到Stratford-on-Avon时就可以推断，这里的Avon是指一条河流，然后用on表示临近河流的陆地区域，即河畔。这个小镇的名字叫Stratford，音译成“斯特拉特福德”，而Stratford-on-Avon就可译成“埃文河畔的斯特拉特福德小镇”。这是从语言角度来对这个地名进行解析。由此可见，深厚的语言基本功是正确解读英语信息的关键。你即使没有相关的背景经历，只要有强大的语言功底，也能读出很多信息。
简单来说，语言知识主要包括两方面：词汇知识和语法知识。如果一个句子里的单词都认识，但还是不懂句子意思，这就是语法知识问题。在阅读文章中，读者会遇到大量的长难句，这些句子包含了生词以及复杂的句式结构，需要我们有强大的词汇和语法知识作为理解的保证。
词汇和语法还有一个差别，那就是笔者常说的：“对于生词，我们知道自己不知道；但对于语法，我们不知道自己不知道。”由于学习者没有相关的语法知识却不自知，这就容易导致误读英语句子意思的现象发生，而且误读的时候我们自己还浑然不觉。比如下面这组例句。
2. a. Stratford-on-Avon， as we all know， has only one industry.
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b. Stratford-on-Avon as we all know it has only one industry.
这里的a句摘自文章开头的句子，而b句则是对a句稍作修改得到的，具体来说，是在a句的as we all know后面加了it。这一修改使得两个句子的意思完全不同（注：在本栏目笔者曾经讨论过as we know与as we know it的区别，此处不再赘述，可参见本刊2012年9月号或是本栏目的结集图书《英语语法新思维——语法难点妙解》）。这显然就不再是词汇问题，而是句法问题，是英文的思维逻辑问题。
语篇逻辑
强大的词汇和语法知识能够保证我们精准地理解单句的意思，但是对于阅读英文文章来说，我们还要关注整个文章的语篇逻辑。具体来说，我们的注意力不能仅仅停留在单句层面，而是要把单句放在具体语境中去理解它话里话外的意思。也就是说，一个单句不仅有自己的字面意思，还有在特定语境中的言外之意。比如，汉语一句“外面下雨了”，我们可以根据语境解读出无数的言外之意来（比如可以是“赶紧收衣服啊”“给你妈送把伞去”等等）。对于英文，同样如此，我们需要在上下文语境中理解句子的言外之意，要搞清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系，分清论点与论据，区分文章作者的观点和作者转述别人的观点，理清作者的论证方式以及文章脉络的起承转合等等。总之，要把握文章的逻辑结构，也就是笔者标题中所说的语篇逻辑。
站在这个角度来读英文文章，我们就不能做一个被动的信息接受者，而是要主动地与作者对话、交流，对作者的文章内容要进行预测、判断、评价、总结等。现在我们再回头看本文开头的句子。
Stratford-on-Avon， as we all know， has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.
单看这句话，它的大意是：“众所周知，埃文河畔的斯特拉特福德小镇只有一个产业，那就是经营莎士比亚。但是，这个产业现有两个泾渭分明且日益敌对的派别。”从语篇角度来看，我们不能仅满足于理解这个句子本身的意思，而是要积极思考和预测。比如，看完这句话，我们至少可以向作者提出下面两个问题：
1. What are the two branches？ （这两派都是谁？）
2. Why are they becoming increasingly hostile to each other？ （这两派之间为什么越来越敌对？）
带着这两个疑问，我们继续往下读。
①Stratford-on-Avon， as we all know， has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. ②There is the Royal Shakespeare Company （RSC）， which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. ③And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come， not to see the plays， but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage， Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
我们看到，这一段的第②句和第③句立即回答了这敌对的双方：一方是皇家莎士比亚公司（RSC），它在埃文河畔的莎士比亚纪念剧院上演经典的莎翁剧目；另一方则是基本上靠游客来谋生的当地居民。游客们来到镇上，不是为看戏，而是为了参观安妮·海瑟薇（莎士比亚的妻子）的小屋、莎士比亚出生地以及其他景点。
至此，作者只是回答了笔者的第一个问题，但还未回答笔者的第二个问题。带着这个疑问，我们继续看文章的第二段。
①The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. ②They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors， them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness.③It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare， who earns their living， was himself an actor （with a beard） and did his share of noise-making. （那些可敬的小镇居民认为该剧院没有给他们增添一丁点儿收入。他们坦言不喜欢皇家莎士比亚公司的演员，这些演员留长发、蓄胡子、穿凉鞋、很吵闹。当你想到为他们提供生计的莎士比亚本人就是个留着胡须也爱吵闹的演员时，这真是个可笑的讽刺。）
第一段只是说了存在两派并且两派之间的关系是敌对的。第二段进一步说明了两派敌对的原因：通过第二段的句①、句②，我们明白了双方为什么互相敌视，原来当地居民认为剧院没有给当地收入做出贡献，同时他们也不喜欢剧院的演员们。这里的句①、句②是作者在转述别人的观点和情感态度。句③是作者通过deliciously ironic （可笑的讽刺）在发表评论，并暗含了自己的情感态度：极具讽刺的是，他们赖以生存的莎士比亚当年做演员的时候也是留着胡须并且终日吵闹不堪的。言外之意是，要是莎士比亚在世，难道你们也会如此讨厌他吗？作者对当地居民的嘲讽不言而喻。而对于剧院，作者上文用了superb productions （极好的演出）表达了赞扬。因此，对于敌对双方，作者是比较偏袒剧院这一方的。
综上所述，读懂文章需要我们具备三方面的条件：①相关的背景经历，②深厚的语言知识（词汇和语法），③把握语篇逻辑的能力。其中，深厚的语言知识是基础和关键，句间的逻辑关系和篇章的逻辑结构也很重要，而具有相关的背景知识则会更加有助于我们理解文章的思想内容。作为语言学习者，我们需要在语言知识方面下功夫，而把握语篇逻辑属于阅读技能的层面，需要我们在阅读实践中去训练，才能慢慢提高。
张满胜老师“英语语法新思维”系列图书再添四本新作：《句子成分超精解》《定语从句超精解》《名词从句超精解》和《语法难点妙解》。
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