四级写作练习(精选8篇)
1.四级写作练习 篇一
原文:现代人类约公元前500第一次从中亚或印度来到中国。这些石器时代(Stone Age)的人,居住在洞穴中,穿着毛皮。公元前4000年左右,这些人开始种植水稻,并饲养羊和鸡。约公元前3000年,他们开始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前,中国人已进入青铜时代(Bronze Age),并开始用于写字。约公元前700年,中国的金属工人学会制作铁器工具和武器。
参考译文:Civilization
Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC,Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC, Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.
2.四级写作练习 篇二
一、背诵
背诵是提高英语综合能力的法宝,可分为以下5个层次:(1)精彩词汇,(2)精彩句型,(3)精彩句子,(4)万能框架,(5)经典范文。注意句子和句型不一样,精彩句子应作为单词来记忆。背诵前,确保自己已充分理解所有内容。这样有了大量的输入,写作时才得心应手、运用自如。
二、默写
背诵熟练之后默写下来,因为背和写是两回事,只有通过写,仔细对照原文,你才会发现你默写的文章与原文有一些语法、拼写、标点的区别,这些区别就是你的写作弱点,学习关键在于针锋突破,不要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分的原因所在,把这些弱点一一克服,分数自然就会提高。
三、中译英
首先将写作真题范文译为中文,或参考范文的正确译文,然后进行中译英的工作,根据自己的理解把中文译为英文,最后对照英文原文,你会发现你的译文与原文存在较大的差别,这些差别正是你写作低分的症结所在。同样一个中文句子,仔细对比一下你使用了哪些词汇、词组和句型,原文使用了哪些,这样你的写作水平才会逐渐提高。
四、练习
上述工作都是为真正的写作做准备的,只有动笔练习写作,才会发现自己的问题。可以练习写5—10篇真题或模拟题,模仿自己曾经背诵过的精彩词汇、词组、句型、框架和范文,写出一篇新的文章。最初不要求速度,但考前一定要进行模考,半小时内写出一篇120词左右的文章。写完之后仔细对照参考答案,分析自己文章的不足和精彩之处,并进行修改,使之更加完美。
五、流程
进行写作,大致可以有如下几个步骤。
1. 审题立意
大学英语四级作文的体裁一般是议论文、说明文、论说文和应用文,属于命题作文。对于命题作文,审题立意是写好作文至关重要的一步。所谓审题,就是要看清题意,确定文章的中心思想和主题,并围绕中心思想组织材料。也就是通过分析给出的标题、主题句或情景,找出关键词或中心词,明确写作要求,是写哪方面的内容,既包括题材上的要求,也包括体裁上的要求。四级作文都可以归纳为三段式,有的甚至给出三段的段首句。因此四级写作没有太大的自由发挥空间。在构思段落之前不仅要仔细斟酌标题、主题句和段首字,找出关键词从而确定写作的方向和范围,而且应记住要尽量缩小这个范围,不能脱离要求任意展开,否则跑题。
2. 段落构思
文章的段落,是文章的基本组成部分,一篇好的文章需要精心的段落构思和合理的段落安排,根据不同的题材确定不同的段落写作顺序。四级作文从结构上看,一般由三部分组成:引言段(Introductory)、主体段(Body)、结尾段(Ending),而每段有一个主题,段中各支持句围绕明确的主题,层层展开论证并服务于主题句。整篇文章也是层层推进,环环相扣,条理分明,完整统一。
3. 草拟内容
在以上两步骤的基础上,就要把构思的各段主题句进行扩展和充实,由于字数有限,一般扩展3—4句为宜,然后用正确的语言来表达出来,使各段逻辑关系清楚,语言连贯,意思流畅。
4. 修改定稿
由于时间有限,修改重点注意,文章是否切题,每段是否有关键句说明主题,有没有遗漏要点,注意语法错误,尤其是时态,还要检查单词拼写错误、短语搭配是否正确,切忌汉语式的英语。
六、技巧
做任何事情都有技巧,掌握了技巧可以达到事半功倍的效果。要做好英语四级写作,应掌握如下技巧。
1. 如何写引言段(Introductory)
可采用1)现象法:即一开头就开门见山地指出某种现象,如:Recently the issue of...has been brought to public attention.2) 比较法:通过对比两种不同的观点、倾向引出文章要讨论的观点。如:People used to think that...But they now hold the differentviews on...3)提问法:以设问的方式来引出观点或引起读者的兴趣。如:Should college students have part-time jobs?
2. 如何写主体段(Body)
主体段是文章的主要内容,常是解释原因、举例说明、对比异同等。写此部分要紧扣开头段提出的主题思想,突出中心。围绕主题句用一组意思连贯而且完整的句子展开文章,切记各展开句是能起到说明、支持或阐述主题的句子并服务于主题,全文保持统一性,也就是我们通常所说的“切题”。主体段取材必须精练典型、系统而完整。根据内容需要和字数的规定,确定要点的详与略后,选择正确的、典型的、具有说服力的事实、例子、数据和论据等说明解释并扩充主题。主体段要与开头段和结尾段有内在的必然归宿,要顺其自然地过渡,使用好承上启下的连接词或句子,防止突然转折。另外,主体段的句与句之间也要逐步展开,通顺连贯,符合一定的逻辑关系。
3. 如何写结尾段(Ending)
好的结尾不仅在形式上起到画龙点睛的效果,而且在内容上读者明其宗旨,解其寓意。一般结尾段的写法有以下几种:1)总结式。即在上文所述事实和论据的基础上,对全文进行归纳、总结得出结论,使读者对文章的主题或作者的观点有个更完整而清晰的理解。2)建议式。在前面文章分析、比较之后,提出自己解决问题的方法和建议,达到提出问题、分析问题和解决问题的目的。3)提问式。这种结尾形式可以引起读者的思考。并起到强调主题的作用。3)展望式。也就是要提出作者的希望、号召或表示信心,使读者受鼓舞。
4. 注意事项
1)内容要切题,不可跑题,审题时是关键。如:How to create a harmonious campus environment。应该重点写怎样,结果有的学生重点写意义了。2)尽量运用地道的英语来表达,多背一些句型、短语,防止汉语式的英语。3)避免简单重复,尽量使用同义词。如“重要”可用important, critical, vital, significant, crucial等。4)句式多样化。简单句和从句都要使用。5)适当有效使用插入语、倒装句、虚拟语气和非谓语。6)有效使用过渡句、过渡词。如:as a result, however, meanwhile, in contrast, to sum up等。7)不要人为给自己添加障碍。在写作时,很多学生总是用汉语思维,总想加一些修饰语,觉得这样文章更漂亮,殊不知其结果是自己给自己增加了障碍,使自己无法表达,只好生硬地写成汉语式的英语,最后弄巧反拙。
写作是英语运用水平的具体体现,写作的功夫又是通过阅读、欣赏、模仿等具体手段训练出来的。写作过程中间很多实用技巧,需要花时间、花精力、花心思去挖掘、去发现,只要在模仿练习的基础上不断总结,寻找其规律特点,四级写作的水平必将有很大的提高。
摘要:大学英语四级考试是目前大学生在校参加的最权威的英语考试, 在社会上有很高的知名度和认可度, 其中的写作是对学生英语知识的综合考查, 是英语水平的重要体现。本文介绍了四级考试中写作的练习方法、解题技巧及注意事项。
关键词:大学英语四级,练习方法,解题技巧,注意事项
参考文献
[1]郑树棠主编.新视野大学英语读写教程.外语教学与研究出版社, 2007.
[2]姜键主编.新题型大学英语四级考试巅峰训练.山东电子音像出版社, 2009.8.
3.新四级写作应考新对策 篇三
评分原则解读
新四级中写作依然占据总分值的15%,由于总分值的改变,写作部分的分值也相应调整为103分。根据《大学英语考试大纲》的要求,四级考试作文采用总体评分(Global Scoring)的方法,评分的主要依据是内容是否切题、表达是否充分、所用语言是否能清晰而明确地表达作者思想。这种评分方法并不是根据语言点的多少扣分,而是评卷人员根据文章内容和语言表达的总体印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores)。
通过对四级考试评分标准的理解我们可以看出,四级考试对于考生语言能力的考查超过了对于考生把握内容能力的考查,换句话说,四级考试不是考查考生的作文观点有多么新颖、内容有多么独到,而是考查考生能否用地道流畅的英文表达出自己的思维深度。很多同学在准备四级写作时,往往一开始就将文章的写作类型定位在了“高等程度中文表达汉译英”这一思路上,从而陷入了举步维艰的困境。以2006年1月“Should the University Campus be Open to Tourists?”为例,不少同学在表达赞同校园向游人开放时,会首先在高等程度中文表达中选择 “校园旅游将会带动新的产业链的发展”、“校园旅游有助于提高文化认同感”这类当下中文热点词汇,并主观地认为可以通过这类词语拉开和其他同学的表达水平。但是,由于这些词汇多属于新生词汇,其英文翻译本身还不稳定,且大大超越了大学四级应有的词汇应用水平,使考生无形中为自己设置了不必要的障碍,在考虑取舍之间,浪费了宝贵的时间。针对这种情况,我们建议四级考生,放弃选用新词、偏词的思路,改用熟词,并通过句型、搭配等方式,为文章营造一种清新流畅的隽永风格,获得考官的青睐。
考题分类
尽管四级考试作文题目素有“百变天后”的美称,但是经过笔者对近16年33次(2003年共3次四级考试)四级作文题目的全面分析和总结,我们不难发现,四级作文题目虽然次次不同,但“万变不离其宗”。命题者基于新题型开发成本的考虑和研发能力的限制,写作题目上类型雷同现象非常显著。并且,在目前四级考试改革的大背景下,和其他部分相比,写作部分受冲击最小,类型雷同这一命题方式对我们现阶段备考的意义也最大。
按照“题材+写作模式”的方式,我们可以把从1990年开始的所有四级写作题,分成如下6种类型:
双刃剑型(写作模式)
出现年份:2006年6月(新);2006年1月;2000年6月;1999年6月;1998年6月;1996年1月;1995年1月;1993年1月;1992年1月
类型特征:双刃剑型,正如名字所起,所涉及的话题具有双面性,既有它积极的一方面,也有它消极的一面,在三条写作提纲的构建中,通常涉及到如下文字:
A. ……话题目前引起了广大争议
There is no consensus of opinions as to the view of...; some people claim that it is necessary for us to ..., while others believe that we should...
B.支持方表示赞同基于……理由
Those people in favor of ... suggest that ... can bring us a great number of advantages.
C.反对方也提出了不赞同的理由……
However, opponents of ... contend that, to some extent, ... is harmful for following reasons.
D.对于这个问题,我个人认为……
As far as I’v concerned...
问题——解决型(写作模式)
出现年份:2003年1月;2000年1月;2001年1月;1998年1月;1997年6月;1996年6月;1994年6月;1992年6月
类型特征:问题解决型的设计符合人们思考问题和解决问题时的必要步骤,即“是什么?”“为什么?”“怎么办?”写作段落的构建通常涉及到如下三个方面的内容:
A.是什么?——阐述对社会问题的出现,以及社会现象可能会引起的结果(好事的益处,坏事的坏处)
Currently, the issue that... has been increasingly controversial. According to a recent survey, people pay great attention to this matter, because it may give rise to a large number of problems, such as...
B.为什么?——社会问题出现的原因
The reason ...appears to be that ...
C.怎么办?——让社会问题朝良性方向发展的解决办法
Thus, I firmly believe that we can and should..., it is high time that...
图表(题材)
出现年份:2002年6月;1991年6月
类型特征:图表类型题是很多考生的噩梦,在面对看似毫无规律的柱状图或是方框表格时,考生往往无可自拔地陷入了对于数据的逐一表达,其后果就是被划入50分以下水平,而从命题者的角度来看,设计图表题的初衷不是考查学生逐一翻译数字的能力,而是综合考查学生,特别是理工科学生面对资料查阅时,看到大量的复杂数据时,能否归纳分析其中规律?能否用英语正确表达?所以,对于图表类型题,可以按照如下三段去布局谋篇:
A.通过分析以上表格,我们可以发现……(图表趋势)
From analysis of the charts, we can easily find out ...
B.有如下这样……条原因造成数据的变化
There are several reasons for the changes. First of all ..., besides..., finally...
C.面对数据背后的现象变化,我们应该怎么办?
或是在接下来的时间,……数据将会呈现……
(变化)
From the changes in the charts, we can predict that ...
尤其注意,对于图表的描写,重点在于趋势,而不是细节数据,考生请勿过分引用数据。
应用文体(题材)
出现年份:2006年6月(旧);2005年1月;2004年6月;2004年1月;2003年6月;2002年1月;2001年6月
类型特征:作为实用题材的应用文,以演讲词、志愿者招募、书信、介绍旅游活动安排等多种形式出现,没有固定的套句,考生可以从如下对策着手准备:
A. 应用文很强调用语的正式性,在这类文体中,切忌使用口语化词汇,更不能采用俚语与俗语(slang)
B. 书信体考查重点是全文6个部分的格式, 即:信头(Heading)、信内地址(Inside Address)、称呼(Salutation)、正文(Body of Letter)、结束语(Complimentary Close)、署名(Signature)
C. 态度谦和而积极。从称呼上以Dear开始,对收信人表示尊重,信中以委婉柔和的方式表达自己的观点,结尾更是礼貌性地期待对方的回信。
记叙文体(题材)
出现年份:2005年6月;2003年9月
类型特征:记叙文,就是记人叙事的文章,也就是要回答what, who, when, where, why等问题,通常以事件自然发展的时间作为记叙顺序,考生能否交替使用多种时间状语的连词来增强文章的连贯性和时态的准确切换是此类型文章的考查重点。
提纲式作文(写作模式)
出现年份:1999年1月;1997年1月;1995年6月;1994年1月;1993年6月;1991年1月;1990年6月
类型特征:三条写作指导即为文章的提纲,大家只要开枝散叶,将写作指导稍加扩展,或者回答写作指导的问题即可。
通过对这6种类型题目的详尽分析,我们发现,任何一种写作类型的文章,都有各自鲜明的常用表达、段落套路、基本句型,只要将这些总结辅以考生个人化的语汇,一篇既符合四级考试要求,又观点鲜明的四级作文就新鲜出炉了。特别要指明的是,这6种类型的作文考题所涉及的考试年份之多,重复出现率之高都是令人咋舌的。希望考生一定要对这6种类型引起足够的重视,做到烂熟于心。
备考方法
2006年四级考试的钟声即将敲响,在我们完成了所有四级写作题型分类后,相信大多数考生都打算对这6种题型进行轰炸式训练。笔者在这里要提醒各位急切的考生:莫要忽视“手表定理”。
“手表定理”是指一个人有一只表时,可以知道现在是几点钟;当他同时拥有两只表时却无法确定时间。两只表并不能告诉一个人更准确的时间,反而会让看表的人失去判断准确时间的信心。你要做的就是选择其中较信赖的一只,尽力校准它,并以此为你的标准,听从它的指引行事。我们写文章也是同一个道理。只注重轰炸式的写作练习而忽略了揣摩文章的过程,往往连自己都会失去判断,不知道到底采取什么句式最漂亮,怎样开头、结尾、过渡文章,从而陷入了“手表定理”困境。
最好的办法是做好三个“1”。第一个“1”:1篇范文。针对每种考试题型选择1篇考生认为经典的范文,反复研究范文的精妙之处,详加揣摩,直到对范文内容达到融会贯通、倒背如流的程度。第二个“1”:1篇习作。当达到对范文的高度领悟后,可以开始着手针对每种类型写一篇文章。第三个“1”:每篇文章1次以上的修改。这点是很多考生的一个盲区。真正的好文章是通过不断地修改“磨”出来的。不少同学常以写作数量来衡量自身写作部分是否准备充分。试想,一个水平本身不高的考生不断地写出50~60分的四级作文,而不加以及时地修改,最后只能是使自己写这种低档作文的能力不断加强,真的上了考场之后,闭上眼10分钟就出来一篇50分作文,这个结果是我们期待的吗?
4.2014年四级翻练习 篇四
请将下面这段话翻译成英文:
燃放鞭炮
放鞭炮曾是春节庆祝活动中最重要的习俗之一。然而,担心燃放鞭炮可能会带来危险和烦人的噪音,政府已在许多大城市下令禁止燃放鞭炮。但在小城镇和农村地区的人们仍然坚持这种传统的庆祝活动。除夕夜一旦时钟撞响午夜12点钟,城市和乡镇都被烟花的闪闪光芒映亮,鞭炮声震耳欲聋。一家人熬夜就为这个欢乐的时刻,孩子们一手拿鞭炮,一手拿火机兴高采烈地点放着他们在这个特殊节日的快乐,尽管他们吓得捂着耳朵。
参考答案:
Setting Firecrackers
Lighting Firecrackers used to be one of the most important customs in the Spring Festival celebration.However, concerning the danger and the negative noises that lighting firecrackers may bring, the government has banned this practice in many major cities.But people in small towns and rural areas still hold to this traditional celebration.Right as the clock strike 12 o#39;clock midnight of New Year#39;s Eve, cities and towns are lit up with the glitter from fireworks, and the sound can be deafening.Families stay up for this joyful moment and kids with firecrackers in one hand and a lighter in another cheerfully light their happiness in this especial occasion, even though they plug their ears.年夜饭
春节是与家人团聚的时间。年夜饭是所有家庭成员聚在一起“必须”的宴会。除夕宴会上吃的食物根据不同的地区各不相同。在中国南方,习惯吃“年糕”(糯米粉制成的新年糕点),因为作为一个同音字,年糕意味着“步步高升”。在北方,年夜饭的传统饭是“饺子”或像月牙儿形的汤圆。
参考答案:
New Year Feast
Spring Festival is a time for family reunion.The New Year#39;s Feast is “a must” banquet with all the family members getting together.The food eaten on the New Year Even banquet varies according to regions.In south China, It is
customary to eat “niangao”(New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour)
because as a homophone, niangao means “higher and higher every year”.In the north, a traditional dish for the feast is “Jiaozi” or dumplings shaped like a crescent moon.请将下面这段话翻译成英文:熬夜(“守岁”)
守岁意味着除夕夜不睡觉。年夜饭后,家人聚坐一起,愉快聊天,等待春节的到来。年夜饭
春节是与家人团聚的时间。年夜饭是所有家庭成员聚在一起“必须”的宴会。除夕宴会上吃的食物根据不同的地区各不相同。在中国南方,习惯吃“年糕”(糯米粉制成的新年糕点),因为作为一个同音字,年糕意味着“步步高升”。在北方,年夜饭的传统饭是“饺子”或像月牙儿形的汤圆。
参考答案:
Staying up late(“Shousui”)
Shousui means to stay up late or all night on New Year#39;s Eve.After the great dinner, families sit together and chat happily to wait for the New Year#39;s arrival。
New Year Feast
Spring Festival is a time for family reunion.The New Year#39;s Feast is “a must” banquet with all the family members getting together.The food eaten on the New Year Even banquet varies according to regions.In south China, It is customary to eat “niangao”(New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour)
because as a homophone, niangao means “higher and higher every year”.In the north, a traditional dish for the feast is “Jiaozi” or dumplings shaped like a crescent moon.请将下面这段话翻译成英文:
科学和自然界中一切存在的事物和发生的现象的特点和过程有关。科学包括整个自然界,它精辟地阐述了人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所说的宇宙的种种概念的。
科学有许多特性,要了解科学是什么,就得详细地考察一下这些性能和特点。有一些作者断言说科学实际上只是一种方法—科学的方法。这样的定义是过于简单化了。但是科学方法在决定科学知识的性质方面肯定起着重要的作用。
参考答案:
Science is related to all the existing things and thecharacteristics and process of the phenomenahappening in nature.Science contains the
wholenature,whichdevelpos various penetrating viewsabout human being#39;s conceptions that how variousnatural phenomena are related together and how they constitute our so-called universe.Science has many characteristics.We have to inspect those functions and characteristics indetail if we want to know what the science is.Some authors assert that science in fact is a kindof method-scientific method.This definition is over simplified.But obviously the scientificmethod plays an important role in deciding the nature of the scientific knowledge.英语四级翻译练习,一起来试试吧。
请将下面这段话翻译成英文:
福建福信一珍生物工程有限公司是由福建省洪山企业集团公司与香港福信投资有限公司合资兴办的高科技企业,注册资本两千万元人民币。公司拥有雄厚的技术力量,大中专学历以上的技术,管理人才占员工总数的百分之三十以上,并与国内多家科研机构建立了紧密型的合作关系。
公司以“唯公有福,唯诚有信”的福信企业精神和“团结,拼搏,务实,创新,奉献”的洪山集团企业精神为动力,锐意进取,蒸蒸日上。
参考答案:
Fujian Fuxin Yizhen Bio-engineering Co.,Ltd is ahigh-tech joint venture cofounded by HongshanGroup and Hong Kong Fuxin InvestmentCo.,Ltd,with registered capital up to 20 millionRMB.The company is in possession of
abundant technical resources,technicalandmanagerial talents above college or polytechnic school account for 30% of its staff.What#39;smore,tightly-knit
partnership has been established with a number of domestic scientificresearch institutions.Treasuring the spirit of honesty of Fuxin and adhering to the spirit of unity,hardwork,realism,innovation and sacrifice”ofHongshan,the company is advancing with vigor andenthusiasm and will become more and more
prosperous.英语四级翻译练习,一起来试试吧。
请将下面这段话翻译成英文:
长期以来,中美两国人民一直相互抱有浓厚的兴趣和友好的感情。中国人民欣赏美国人民的开拓进取精神,钦佩美国人民在建设国家中取得的骄人业绩。随着中国的快速发展和中美合作的不断拓展,越来越多的美国人也把目光投向中国,更加关注中国的发展进步。参考答案:
The Chinese and Americans have always had an intense interest in each other and cared deeply about each other.The Chinese people admire the
pioneering and enterprising spirit of the Americans and their proud achievement in national development.As China develops rapidly and steady headways is made in China and US cooperation,more and more Americans are following with great interest in China#39;s progress and development.请将下面这段话翻译成英文:
1.有鱼有水的地方大都是有好环境的,好环境便会给人好心情。
2.中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位,而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
参考答案:
1.A place with water an d fish is necessarily blessed with a nice
setting,which in return keeps people in good mood.2.Chinese people has never regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times,whose behavior in both philosophy and arts takes a rather appropriate proportion with all others in the natural world,but not as an absolute dominant ruler.请将下面这段话翻译成英文:
1.求学是一件艰苦的事情,许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦,所以不能成功。
2.一个春天的傍晚,园中百花怒放,父母在园中设宴,霎时宾客云集,笑语四溢。参考答案:
1.Tolearn,actually,is to experience the indispensable pain and those who can not get it over with can not become learned.2.One spring evening,my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flower were in full bloom.Instantly,a crowd of guests gathered together and their laughter was heard all over there.请将下面这段话翻译成英文:
我们的现代化建设,必须从中国的实际出发。无论是革命还是建设,都要注意学习和借鉴外国经验。但是,照抄照搬别国经验、别国模式,从来不能得到成功。这方面我们有过不少教训。把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来,走自己的道路,建设有中国特色的社会主义,这就是我们总结长期历史经验得出的基本结论。
参考答案:
Our country#39;s modernization must start from the reality of China.Either on the revolution or the construction we need to learn and draw the experience from the foreign countries.But we will never win the success if we mechanically copy other countries#39;experience or formats.We have already had the lesson in this aspect.It is the basic conclusion which we summarized the long-term historical experience that we should combine the Marxism#39;s univertsal truth with our specific situation together,walking on our own roads and building up the socialism with Chinese characteristic.请将下面这段话翻译成英文:
1.没有安定的政治环境,干什么都不成。
2.大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等,所有人们对于自然,全都一致并深深地依赖着。
参考答案:
1.Nothing can be accomplished without a stable political environment.2.People,poor or rich,are equally favored by Nature.Therefor human being s,with no exception,have been deeply dependent on it.请将下面这段话翻译成英文:
1.这位民族英雄没有死,他的故事照亮了千百万人的心。
2.但是,大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真,看他对待工作,生活的态度如何,也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。
参考答案:
1.This national hero lives on,his story lighting up the hearts of millions of people.2.However,ifwe,on the whole,can find out whether his attitude towards his life is serious or not and what is his attitude towards his life and work,it would not be that difficult to make an appropriate evalutaion of the meaning of one#39;s life.春节的问候(拜年)
在春节第一天或此后不久,大家都穿着新衣服,带着弓向亲戚和朋友打招呼并恭喜(祝贺),彼此祝愿在新的一年里好运,幸福。在中国农村,有些村民可能有数以百计的亲戚,所以他们不得不拿出两个多星期来走亲访友。
参考答案:
New Year Greetings(Bai Nian)
On the first day of the New Year or shortly thereafter, everybody wears new clothes and greets relatives and friends with bows and Gongxi(congratulations),wishing each other good luck, happiness during the new year.In Chinese
5.四级翻译的练习题 篇五
2.Many people believe that international tourism _________________________(对经济发展有积极作用).so local government should be encouraged to promote it.
3.On my way to the important interview,________________(他所做的就是祝我好运).
4.Due to the unexpected changes,______________(这个计划需要修改).
5.________________(遇难者能否在灾难中生还)depends on many uncertain factors.
答案解析:
1.Although/Though he was exhausted
考查让步状语从句:用Although或Though表示“虽然,尽管”的意思。“筋疲力尽”的表达为be exhausted。
2.plays an active role in economic growth/development // has positive effects on economic growth/development
“有作用”的表达常用play a role或have an effect on 结构。“积极的”常用active和positive,“发展”可用growth或development。
3.what he did was to wish me good luck//what he did was wishing me good luck
考查主语从句:用what引导主语从句。主语的表达:可用不定式或动名词作表语。“祝好运”表达为wish sb good luck.
4.this plan has to be revised/modified
考查被动语态:“计划”与“修改”是被动关系,用be done的被动结构。修改”的常用表达为revise或modify。
5.Whether the victims can survive the disaster
6.2016大学英语四级 翻译练习 篇六
The Olympic Games are an international multisport event subdivided into summer and winter sporting events.The summer and winter games are each held every four years.The original Olympic Games were first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece.The Olympics are one of the largest media events.In Sydney in 2000 there were more than 16 000 broadcasters and journalists, and an estimated 3.8 billion viewers watched the games on television.However, the development of the Olympics is one of the largest problems the Olympics face today.3 《三国演义》由罗贯中创作于14世纪,是一部中国历史题材小说。小说以汉朝末年和三国时期的历史演变为背景,叙述了在这个动荡(turbulent)时期发生的一系列重大事情。整个故事情节从公元168年开始一直到公元280年领土统一(reunification)时结束。小说篇幅长达80万字,分为120个章节,共描述了1 191个人物角色,堪称中国文学史上四大经典小说之一。
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280.It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800 000 words, 1 191 characters, and 120 chapters.4 秧歌舞(Yangko)是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈,通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装(costume),他们的表演动作有力而迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间,人们一旦听到锣(gong)鼓声,不管外面天气有多冷,他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来,中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队,队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康,同时他们也乐在其中。The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their movements are vigorous and quick.During holidays such as lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers mostly enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.5 中国人喜欢在一起吃饭,这个传统可以追溯到很久之前。这反映出中国人喜欢团圆、不愿分离的观念——圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。盘子通常放在桌子的中央,这样坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐、团圆的气氛。朋友们也喜欢在一起吃饭、生活。最近一位美国汉学家(Sinologist)的著作认为,中国人的集体观念(collective tradition)就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。
Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago.It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division—round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection.Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them.A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union.Friends also like to eat and live together.A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.6 川剧(Sichuan Opera)就像四川火锅以及其他的名菜一样动人、丰富。变脸(Face Changing)是川剧中的一大亮点。据说古人在他们的脸上作画,[JP2]以便赶走野生动物。川剧吸收了这一古老的技艺并将其升华为一门艺术。变脸是一门神奇的艺术。演员在不到20秒的时间内要换十多次脸谱。通过举手、摆袖或摇头,演员使用不同的脸谱来表现不同的情绪,并通过看得见摸得着的脸谱表达出看不见摸不着的感情。
Sichuan Opera(Chuan Ju), like hotpot and other famous Sichuan dishes, is exciting and rich.Face Changing is the highlight of Sichuan Opera.It is said that ancient people painted their faces to drive away wild animals.Sichuan Opera absorbs this ancient skill and perfects it into an art.Face Changing is a magical art.Actors change more than 10 masks in less than 20 seconds.By raising the hand, swinging a sleeve or tossing the head, an actor uses different masks to show different emotions, expressing invisible and intangible feelings through visible and tangible masks.7 长城作为世界上最伟大的奇观之一,是古代中国在不同时期为抵御北方游牧民族(nomadic tribe)侵袭而修筑的规模浩大的军事工程的统称。如同巨龙一般,长城自东向西绵延8 800多公里。距今已有2 000多年历史的万里长城很多地方已经变成了废墟,但是它仍然是世界上最具吸引力的地方。1987年,长城被联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)列为世界文化遗产。The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders in the world, is the general name of a series of largescale military constructions during different periods in ancient China, hoped for the defense against the invasion of nomadic tribes from the north.Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall stretches over 8 800 kilometers from east to west of China.With a history of more than 2 000 years, many sections of the Great Wall have been in ruins now.However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world.In 1987, the Great Wall was listed as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.8 光棍节,又称“双十一”,最初是由大学生发起的单身人士的情人节,现在已经从最初的庆祝单身变成了中国人的一个网购狂欢节。过去六年里,中国的电商(ecommerce)巨头们开始利用这一商机,通过打折促销吸引顾客,提高销售收入。天猫(Tmall.com)双十一一天的销售额从2009年的5 000万飙升至2013年的350亿。邮政部门(the State Post Bureau)表示由于准备充分,尽管订单增加,快递业务仍然运行正常。
Singles Day, also named the Double 11 Day, which originated with college students as an alternative to Valentines Day for single people, now has transformed its original function as a day of celebration for the great unloved into a day of crazy online shopping for the Chinese people.Over the past six years, Singles Day has been taken advantage of by Chinese ecommerce giants by offering discounts and launching sales campaigns on that day to attract customers and boost sales income.Sales at Tmall.com on Singles Day have snowballed from 50 million yuan in 2009 to 35 billion yuan in 2013.The State Post Bureau said that thanks to adequate preparation, express deliveries were running on schedule despite the increase in orders.9 对于中国人来说,“面子”十分重要,它指的是一个人根源于自尊的名誉观。大部分中国人都认为,有面子是最重要的事情之一,丢面子则会带来巨大的痛苦。因此,人们必须了解并遵守面子规则,如果违反就会受到严厉的惩罚。然而,有时候一个人丢面子不仅仅是因为他们的行为不符合社会的要求,还可能是由于别人的行为没有符合他个人的期待。
Face is immensely important for the Chinese.It can be defined as a notion of ones reputation rooted in selfesteem.Most of the Chinese people believe that to have face is one of the most valued things, while to lose face is a cause of great anguish.Thus, people are expected to know and abide by the rules of face and are penalized harshly if they break them.However, sometimes a person could lose face not only because of his failure to match up to societys obligations on him, but also from the failure of others to act in accordance with his expectations of them.武术在我国源远流长,是中国传统文化的瑰宝(gem)。我们知道,一个民族的优秀文化遗产不仅仅属于一个民族,它会逐渐传播到世界的其他地方而成为人类的共同财富。为了更好地推广武术,使其与奥运项目接轨,中国武协和国际武联(the Chinese Wushu Association and the International Wushu Federation)做了艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术已被列为一种与保龄球(bowling)和国际标准舞(international standard dance)有同等地位的奥运表演项目。
With a long history in China, wushu is a gem of Chinese traditional culture.As we all know, the excellent cultural heritage of a nation doesnt belong to the nation alone but will be spread to the rest of the world gradually to be shared by all humanity.The Chinese Wushu Association and the International Wushu Federation have been working very hard to popularize wushu and move it closer to the Olympic events.Now, wushu has been accepted as an Olympic demonstration event with the same status as bowling and international standard dance.11 旗袍(Qipao)是中国独特的传统服饰。旗袍原本是满族(Manchu)妇女的服装,穿在身上非常宽松,直上直下,中间没有腰线。后来一些汉族的女性对这种服饰进行了改造,使它更加合身、性感。20世纪20年代,旗袍在上海的女学生中变得非常流行。旗袍一般是由丝绸制成,领口、袖口和腋襟上都绣有精细的花边。旗袍体现了中国女性的端庄、温柔和美丽。
Qipao is a unique kind of traditional Chinese attire.Originally worn by Manchu women, Qipao fitted loosely and hung straight down the body with no waistlines.And then some Han Chinese ladies carried out some improvements on the design, making it more fitting and sexier.When it came to the 1920s, Qipao became very popular among the girl students in Shanghai.Qipao is usually made of silk, and embroidered with delicate laces at the neckline, cuffs and edges.Qipao embodies Chinese womens modesty, softness and beauty.中国石窟(grotto)主要反映的是佛教文化艺术。敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟、洛阳龙门石窟、天水麦积山石窟,号称中国四大石窟艺术景观。佛教石窟随山雕凿、彩绘,形象生动自然,将崇高美(sublimity)与世俗情(secular feeling)融为一体,把天然造化与人工创造有机结合,是由建筑、绘画、雕塑等组成的博大精深、绚丽夺目的综合艺术殿堂。其艺术成就为世界所瞩目,已成为重要的世界文化遗产。
Chinese grottoes mainly reflect the art of Buddhist culture.In China, there are four major art landscapes of grottoes: the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang, the Yungang Grottoes at Datong, the Longmen Grottoes at Luoyang, and the Maijishan Grottoes at Tianshui.Carved and painted on mountains, the Buddhist grottoes mingle both sublimity and secular feelings together, presenting us a vivid and natural appearance.They embody the systematic combination of both the exceptional artistry of great nature and the extremely fine craftsmanship of mankind.The Chinese Buddhist grottoes are regarded as a profound and stunning general art gallery, displaying the art of architecture, painting, sculptures and etc.The artistic achievements of Chinese grottoes have attracted the attention of the world, and have become an important international cultural heritage.13 中国古典文学包括诗歌、散文、小说及词(ci)、赋(fu)、曲(qu)等多种文体,艺术表现手法丰富各异。小说历史悠久,并在明清时期达到巅峰。小说中的《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》被称为中国四大古典文学名著,至今在国内外都有着广泛而深远的影响。研读四大名著能够了解中国传统人文社会、民俗,是汲取古代文明精粹、处世为人策略与智慧的重要途径。
Chinese classical literature includes poetry, prose, fiction, and ci(new lyrics written to preexisting tunes), fu(“descriptive poems” of prosepoetry), qu(a freer form based on the new popular songs and dramatic arias), and many other styles.Its artistic expressions are various in techniques.Chinese fiction has a long history, reaching its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Four classics of Chinese literature are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Pilgrimage to the West, and A Dream of Red Mansions, which have extensive and farreaching significance both on a national and international level.Through reading “the four famous novels” carefully, you can understand traditional Chinese society and human culture, and its folklore.And it is an important way to absorb the quintessence of ancient culture as well as to pick up strategies and wisdom on how to get along with others.14 泰山(Mount Tai)位于山东中部,占地426平方千米,最高峰“玉皇顶(the Jade Emperor Peak)”海拔约1 545米。泰山以恢宏的自然景观著称于世,山上点缀着寺庙、石碑和石刻(stone inscription)。身为中国五大名山之首,泰山备受佛教(Buddhism)和道教(Taoism)的推崇。中国的很多皇帝都曾到泰山敬拜天地。传统观念认为泰山是每天太阳最先升起的地方。因此为了到泰山之巅看日出,成千上万的人午夜就开始攀登泰山。
Located in central Shandong Province, Mount Tai covers 426 square kilometers with its highest peak, the Jade Emperor Peak, reaching about 1 545 meters above sea level.Mount Tai earns a reputation for its imposing natural scenery festooned with a chain of temples, stone tablets and stone inscriptions.As the first of the “Five Great Mountains” in China, Mount Tai is revered both in Buddhism and Taoism.Many emperors in China visited it to hold the Heaven Worship ceremony.Traditional belief maintains that each day begins with the sun rising at Mount Tai, thus thousands of sun worshipers climbed it from as early as midnight in order to appreciate sunrise at its peak.中国古代四大艺术中的“画”特指国画。其绘画形式是用毛笔蘸墨、颜料作画于绢或宣纸之上,古代称之为水墨丹青(inkpainting)。为区别于西方的油画而称之为中国画,简称“国画”。其题材有人物、山水、花鸟等。技法可分为工笔(fine brushwork)和写意(freehand brushwork)。国画的艺术特质在于“笔墨”,强调以形写神,画尽意在。国画在艺术创作上反映了中华民族的审美意识和情趣。
Painting in the four art forms in ancient China particularly refers to traditional Chinese painting.Traditional Chinese painting is done with a brush dipped into black or colored ink and is painted on spun silk or xuan paper.In ancient China, it was called inkpainting.In order to distinguish it from Western oilpaintings, the Chinese people term their works “Chinese painting”, short for traditional Chinese painting.The subject matters of Chinese paintings are typically figures, landscapes, birds and flowers.The drawing skills and techniques employed by the Chinese painters can be divided into two forms: fine brushwork and freehand brushwork.The artistic characteristics of Chinese painting lie in “the writing brush and ink”.Chinese painting emphasizes using the shape to convey the feelings of the painter.Even though a painting is a finished product, it endlessly conveys a meaning.In terms of the artistic creation, Chinese painting is a reflection of the aesthetic consciousness and artistic sentiment of the Chinese people.16 瓷器(porcelain)是中国最为重要的手工艺品之一。中国瓷器有3 500多年的历史,明清时期尤其繁荣。瓷器不仅可以用作日常餐具(dinnerware)、花瓶等,精美的瓷器更是常常被人们用来装饰家居。作为高档艺术品的象征,真品瓷器常常具有极高的艺术价值和经济价值,因此,常被很多人视为珍藏品。中国瓷器受到各国人民的欢迎,经常被用作表达中外友谊的礼物。Porcelains are one of Chinas most important handicrafts.Chinese porcelains have a history of more than 3 500 years, their most prosperous period being Ming and Qing Dynasties.Porcelains can be used as daily dinnerware and vases, and delicate porcelains are even commonly used for home decorations by people.As the symbols of highend works of art, authentic porcelains are often of extremely high artistic and economic value and therefore they are often regarded as precious collections by many people.Chinese porcelains are popular with people around the world, and they are often used as presents for expressing friendship between Chinese and foreign people.17 酒是中国人生活中的重要饮品之一。中国制酒源远流长,享誉中外。在中国最具有代表性的酒莫过于白酒(liquor)了,从某种角度上来说,中国的酒文化就是白酒文化。酒在中国人眼里更多的是一种交际的工具。酒在中国人生活中占有重要的位置,渗透于(permeate)整个中华五千年的文明史中,包括文学创作、娱乐、烹饪、养生保健等各方面。
Alcohol is one of the important drinks in Chinese peoples life.Chinese alcoholmaking has a long history and has been renowned at home and abroad.In China, no alcohol is more representative than Chinese liquor and at some point, Chinese alcohol culture is Chinese liquor culture.Alcohol is more of a communication tool in Chinese peoples eyes.Alcohol has permeated 5 000 years civilization of the whole Chinese history, which plays an important role in every aspect of Chinese peoples life, from literary creation and entertainment to cooking and health preservation.18 11月11日由四个1构成,因此每年此日就是光棍节(Singles Day)。20世纪90年代,南京众多大学首先开始庆祝光棍节。正如其名,这个新节日是专门为单身人士设立的。近年来,中国成为世界上互联网用户最多的国家,而单身人士是网购的主力军(main force),许多电子商务平台(platform)就在光棍节当天开展促销活动以吸引中国不计其数的单身人士前来购物。目前,光棍节已成为中国人疯狂网购的日子。
Singles Day falls on every November 11th because the date is comprised of four “ones”.It was initially celebrated at many universities in Nanjing during the 1990s.As the name indicates, this new holiday is one exclusively for people who are still living a single life.In recent years, as China has become a country with the worlds biggest population of Internet users and the single people are the main force of Chinas online spending power, many ecommerce platforms launch promotion campaigns on the day in order to attract countless single people around China to their websites.Singles Day has become a day of crazy online shopping among the Chinese now.19 随着城市化(urbanization)进程的加快,越来越多的农民工(migrant worker)在城市里安顿下来。他们把子女接到城里来,希望孩子能接受到更好的教育。然而,这些农民工发现现实并不像他们预期的那么美好。城市公立学校的设施和师资远远不能满足大批农民工子女的需求。幸运的是,农民工子女的教育已成为政府议事日程上优先处理的问题。
With the acceleration of urbanization, an increasing number of migrant workers settle down in the cities.They bring their children along with them to the cities, with the hope of their children receiving better education.However, the migrants find the reality is not as promising as theyve expected.The facilities and faculties in the urban public schools are far from enough to meet the needs of the big group of migrant children.Luckily, the education problem of the migrant children has become a priority on the governments agenda.20 杭州市拥有世界上最大的公用自行车系统(bike sharing system)。目前杭州市共有2 700个公用自行车租赁站点,共计66 500辆车。计划至2020年,公共自行车的数量将增至175 000辆。租用自行车需要智能卡(smart card),可在任意站点租车、在任意站点还车。租车骑行1小时内免费,1小时以上则按每小时1元收费。公用自行车系统对缓解杭州市的交通拥堵(congestion)起到了很大的作用。
7.浅析以阅读带动大学英语四级写作 篇七
关键词:写作水平,阅读,模仿
写作是英语中非常重要的一项技能。然而, 对于很多大学生而言, 写作是各项技能中最弱的一项。在大学英语四级写作中, 学生呈现出各种各样的问题, 如观点表达不清晰、句式结构误用、句式及词汇使用过于单调、固定短语误用、搭配不当、汉化英语的使用等。尽管在课堂上教师会不时地给学生提供写作方面的指导, 但在笔者看来, 这种指导多是技巧性的。如果学生英语基础本身就很薄弱, 可以说这种针对写作技巧的指导收效甚微。
◆阅读材料选择
学生应该选择什么样的材料去阅读、背诵并模仿呢?阅读材料是非常丰富的。这里笔者着重谈谈如何有效阅读《全新版大学英语综合教程》和《全新版大学英语阅读教程》所选用的文章并为我所用。下面以《全新版大学英语阅读教程学生用书2》中的一篇文章为例, 讨论如何在阅读、背诵和模仿的基础上进行创作。
What are the basic ingredients of good manners?Certainly a strong sense of justice is one;courtesy is nothing more than a highly developed sense of fair play.A friend once told me of driving along a one-lane, unpaved mountain road.Ahead was another car that produced clouds of choking dust, and it was a long way to the nearest paved highway.Suddenly, at a wider place, the car ahead pulled off the road.
Another ingredient of courtesy is empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to understand the pain or unhappiness there and to do something to minimize it.
Yet another component of politeness is the capacity to treat all people alike, regardless of all status or importance.Even when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners.
—Courtesy:Key to a Happier World
◆阅读材料赏析
我们来看一下上述阅读材料选段, 发现可供我们在写作中模仿的方面。
首先, 我们来看作者如何进行观点论证。文中的三个关键名词justice, empathy, capacity概括了good manners的三个方面;而具体事例的列举又使观点论证更加深刻, 更具有说服力。
其次, 我们来看文章中的词汇。为避免重复, 保证词汇的多样性, 三个段落中分别用ingredient和component两个不同的词汇表达了相同的意思, 类似的例子还有justice和fair play。此外, 还有一些固定短语的使用, 如:nothing more than, put up with, enable sb.to do sth.
通过分析, 我们可以看出, 文章论证充分, 结构清晰, 句式多样, 词汇丰富, 使文章增色不少。因此, 阅读文章的过程绝不仅仅是单纯的朗读或默读的过程, 而是要在阅读的过程中分析文章的优点, 摘录其中好的表达 (包括词、句、段、篇各个层面) 并加以背诵, 然后在自己写作中有意识地去模仿使用。
◆对教与学的启示
对于教师而言, 课堂上给学生讲解写作技巧无疑是必要的, 但同时每次课后都要给学生布置一些suggested readings (即建议阅读的文章) .只要教师认为有助于学生提高英语水平的材料都可以布置学生去阅读并选取一些经典段落背诵。
对于学生而言, 要进行大量的阅读。在阅读的过程中, 要大声朗读以培养语感, 要背诵优秀篇章中的重点段落, 要分析这些重点段落的写作方法和技巧, 要摘录重点段落中的好的词汇和好的句子, 要在写作中有意识地去使用新学到的方法、技巧、句式和词汇。学生可以把历年的四级真题作文自己练习一遍。在练习的过程中, 有意识地模仿阅读过程中学到的写作方法和技巧, 多样化的句式结构, 丰富而恰当的词汇运用。在使用新学习到的词汇的过程中, 要多查字典, 多找几个例句, 总结这些词汇的用法, 并进行恰当的使用。
总之, 只要教师和学生, 尤其是学生, 能够做到持之以恒, 坚持多阅读, 多背诵, 多积累, 多模仿, 多写作, 学生的写作水平一定会有一个质的提高, 一定会在大学英语四级考试中取得好成绩。
参考文献
[1]史玉娟。大学生英语写作中的主要问题及应对策[J].教育研究, 2005 (1) :103—104.
8.四级写作中的“八善”原则(下) 篇八
5.善补(排比结构)
《四书》有云:“博学之,审问之,慎思之,明辩之,笃行之。”这说的是为学的几个层次,或者说是几个递进的阶段,以上的15个字巧妙运用了排比修辞(parallelism)。排比将两个或两个以上意义相关或相似、结构相同或相似、句法功能相同的词、词组、分句等成串排列在一起,以表达同类的行为、思想、概念。若能够巧妙地运用,定能给文章增色不少。现举例如下:
Gratitude improves our personality, shapes our character, and molds our temperament.
感激提升人品,塑造性格,升华气质。
Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider.
读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。
I am confident to be not only healthy in body but also intelligent in mind.
我相信我不仅会拥有健康的体魄,而且还会拥有机智的头脑。
6.善煮(英文材料)
小时候谁没读过语文书,谁没背过书中的名篇佳句呢?正是有了多年的背诵和实践,大家才能写得一手通顺连贯的文章。换到英语里也是一个道理——想写好英语作文吗?热爱你身边的英语材料吧!
关于英语材料,排在首位的要数你身边最熟悉的英语教材了。教学实践证明,教材实际上最贴近大学生生活,最能全面提高学生英语水平。所以大家应提高对英语教材的重视程度——尽背其句词,尽析其语法。
对于大一新生而言,必须要学会正视教材:认真学习词句搭配,尽力掌握文章体系结构,按部就班地做课后练习,并且坚持晨读时大声朗读,甚至背诵。不要问这样做会给写作带来什么效益——等动笔的时候,便会发现自己“文思如泉涌,下笔如有神”了。这样的学习,比背任何作文参考书都来得有效、地道、正宗。对于大学高年级的同学而言,可能已有一段时间没有接触教材了,若按照新生的标准要求会有些困难。这时需要做的是:浏览以前的教材,补自己在语法方面的缺漏之处。此时教材可泛读,主要着眼于字里行间的不懂之处。这些不懂之处往往不是生僻用法,而是自己在语法方面的缺漏之处。这些缺漏之处一旦被揪出来,就必须牢牢掌握在心。这样做不仅于写作有很大的帮助,对四级考试中的阅读、完形填空等单项考试也大有裨益。此外,认真完成课后练习也是一条提高写作水平的有效途径。
再就是手边的英语四级真题。四级阅读题便是很好的材料,我们可以像精读教材一样精读阅读文章。单项选择题也是不错的素材。单选的价值在于,它提供了数个核心四级单词,并且为其中的正确选项提供了完美的例句。我们对所有选项要不抱偏见地加以学习,尤其对正确选项,要还原题干,以例句为单位活学活用。
英语材料众多,应用起来要视具体情况而定,在此不作赘述。
7.善用(改良词汇)
这里讲的“善用”(改良词汇),和本刊上期所讲的“善变”(高分句式)在意义上是大同小异的。“善变”原则是针对句型而言,而“善用”原则是针对用词而言,都是能帮助大家提高英语写作的有效途径。其方法是:牢记新的改良词汇,并尝试造句。
例如,大家都学过suppose, provided和given,可是一说到“如果”,同学们的第一个反应却往往是if。再如表示转折,好像同学们一直用but和however,其实我们还学过nevertheless, yet和still,在作文中如果能用一些恰当的替换词,文章便会显得生动许多。
除此之外,我们应该抛弃一些低分词汇,学会一些有用的改良词汇。以下举几个例子,仅供参考:
Show — reveal(显示)
The latest surveys reveal that quite a few children have an unpleasant association with their homework.
最近的调查显示,相当多的孩子对他们的家庭作业没什么好感。
Think — deem(认为)
People deem computer skills necessary to enhance their job or promotion opportunities.
人们认为拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。
Consider — acknowledge/take...into consideration(考虑到……)
Acknowledging the seriousness of this problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse.
或者:
Taking the seriousness of this problem into consideration, effective measures must be taken before things get worse.
考虑到事情的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,(我们)必须采取有效的措施。
About — approximately(大约)
China誷 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) has increased by approximately 8%.
中国的国内生产总值增长了约8个百分点。
总之,使用高质量的词和句是提高作文水平的永恒话题。大家应该将本篇当中提到的“词”与上一篇中的“句”(善变)结合起来,予以高度重视。
8.善归(上层思想)
在四级作文里,有这样一条潜规则:在文章的结尾要尽量升华思想高度。因此,同学们要“善归”——把文章的结尾归到“上层思想”(积极向上的思想)里。
在谈及这个问题之前,我们首先来谈谈四级作文的结构。四级作文一般分成三个段落,称沂加 、抑杏、夷。这种三段式在具体应用的时候要注意各段的篇幅比例。通常,三段比例应该是首尾段短、中间段长(如右图)。
图中的两条虚线把菱形分成了面积不等的三部分,分别代表三段的篇幅分布比例——应该是两头小、中间大。一般在A段中,以中性思想开篇,不激进,不偏颇,只是客观地引述事实;B段着墨时可以高调亦可低调,而且以多方面、多角度为宜;C段要以客观评论慢慢过渡到思想升华。
【四级写作练习】推荐阅读:
四级英语写作09-30
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