导游英语口语（精选8篇）
1.导游英语口语 篇一
漳州导游词
Overlview of Zhangzhou Touristry 漳州旅游概要
Known as “City of flowers and fruits” and “hometown of fish and rice”, Zhangzhou is a historic and cultural city, famous for its rich produce.It produces a lot of “6 famous fruits”(tangerines, lichis, bananas, longans, pomelos, and pineapples)and “3 famous flowers”(Narcissus, camellia, and orchid), as well as valuable seafood, including prawns, groupers, abalones, lobsters, mud crab, scallops, oysters, mud clams and squids.Narcissus, medicine “Pianzihuang”, and “Inkpad” produced locally are known as “three treasures” of Zhangzhou”, famous both in China and abroad.The tourism handicrafts of puppet carving, seashell pictures and jade carvings of the nine-dragon wall are very popular among Chinese and foreign tourists.Zhangzhou is a famous hometown for the overseas Chinese and Taiwanese.Over 700,000 people from Zhangzhou are now living in Hong Kong and Macao.About one third of the population in Taiwan is originally from Zhangzhou.It has become a destination of pilgrimage and paying visits to their native hometown for the overseas Chinese and Taiwan patriots.1.Zhangzhou southeast Flower Capital--Flower Museum Park 东南花都——花博园
National AAAA scenic site, it is located at Makou Town, the northeast of Zhangpu County, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province.Covering an area of 7800 Mu, it is the largest modern ecological agriculture park and the largest flower producer in Fujian Province.It is a multi-functional ecological tourism base which integrates flower trading with shopping, recreation, sightseeing, ecological tourism, outdoor exercise and training.Inside the scenic spot, there is a flower museum, a nursery, a scientific park, a service park and the main exhibition hall.Facilities for recreation are available for archery, swimming, angling, and boating.There is also a flower supermarket and a holiday resort.Fresh melons and fruits, seafood, and local delicacies are served all year round.2.National geological Park and Zhangzhou Coastal Volcano 漳州滨海火山 国家地质公园
The national geological park is located along the coast of Zhangpu and Longhai of Zhangzhou Municipality, Fujian Province.Covering an area of 100 km2, it is a typical Age 3 volcano geographical park, composed of “two mountains, two islands and three bays”.The geological geomorphologic terrain was formed by the central eruption of the volcano and the wind and sea erosion between 28.61 million and 15.41 million years ago, due to the movement of Himalayas.It reflects the movement of the new generation of volcanoes and the involvement of the geological structure in the west Pacific Ocean.A batch of physiognomic wonders, such as the volcano outlet in the shape of eight diagrams(for fortune telling), “plum flower pole”, the column of bubble holes, corals, fish-scale shaped stone water fall, sea eroded caves, sea eroded cliffs have been created by nature, hence the name of marine terra cotta.3.Zhangpu Tianfu Tea Museum 漳浦天福茶博物院
National AAAA scenic spot and national agriculture demonstration site, it is Located at Pantuo Township, the side of No 324 State highway, the west of Zhanpu County.Tianfu Group’s headquarter covers a ground space of 80 MU and is the largest tea museum in the world.It consists of four exhibition halls: the main exhibition hall, the Classroom for the Chinese tea art, the hall for Japanese tea, and an art gallery.The main exhibition hall displays the tea culture of the world, the history of Chinese tea development, the procedure of tea processing, tea art and tea-ware, tea poems/paintings, and tea and health.The statue of the “Fire seed passed from one generation to another”: Standing at the entrance of the temple, the statue is unique in design.It displays an cow pulling a cart with a calf and the old is teaching the young how to work, indicating the tea culture passed from one generation to another.The classroom of the Chinese tea art: Each day there are 5-6 shows of the tea art and tea courtesy of different Chinese ethnic groups from different dynasties.4.Mangrove at Zhang River Estuary 漳江口红树林 National natural reserve, it is located in the estuary of Zhang River at Yunxiao County, Fujian Province.The mangrove at Zhang River Estuary grows naturally on the beach of the tidal zone, covering an area of 2360 ha.It is the mangrove of the largest scale, the most diversified species and the best growing north of the equator.Among them, Baigurang species occupies of 20 ha.and is an evergreen arbor tree species, with grey tree bark.Under the mangrove are many marine organisms, including skip fish, lobsters, crabs, mud clams, sea snails, and eels.The mangrove area is also inhabited by green-head ducks, grey wild geese, bean wild geese, black-mouth gulls, and aigrette.There are a number of endangered species;including two Class I state protected animals, one most endangered species, six endangered species, two threatened species, 19 state class-II protected animals, 77 migrating birds under the protection of the Sino-Japanese agreement, 41 migrating birds under the protection of the Sino-Australian Agreement.In addition, there are also many seaweeds growing under the mangrove, having formed a unique natural ecological view.5.Dongshan Fengdong Rock 东山风动石
A National AAAA scenic spot located at the east end of Tonglin Town, Dongshan County, Fujian Province.Accessible directly by bus, it is 120 km from Zhangzhou city, 135 km from Shantou and 209 km from Xiamen.Fengdong Rock scenic site covers an area of 15 hectares.The major tourist attractions include Fengdongshi, Guandi Temple, ancient Tongshan Town, Hukongdiyu, Shisenbaita, Diaoaotai, Xianmianchuang, Baozhi Temple, Chenghuang Temple, Huang Daozhou Memorial Hall, Dongshan Museum, the residential relics of Huang Daozhou, stele corridor, folk custom corner, Mural of Sun rock, Guizi Rock, octagon ancient well.6.Longhai Mercy Temple 龙海慈济宫 A State-level protected cultural relic located at Baijiao Village, Jiaomei Township, Longhai city, Fujian Province.It is 30 km from the Zhangzhou city.It was built during the Year Songjingyou, over 900 years ago.Covering an area of 1609.5 km2, the temple has been well protected.Mercy Temple is a palace museum in South Fujian Province, belonging to the original temple of Baosheng Imperia and the original temple for Taiwan Baosheng Imperia Temple.The temple faces the south and was built in the background of the mountains, rising with the mountain terrain.Starting from the central axis, the temple has a front hall, the door yard, veranda, central hall and rear hall, from the southwest to the northeast.On the two sides of the door yard, there is a bell building and a drum building.The main tourist attraction includes Longquanjing(dragon spring well), Jizhaoding, large stone lions, Feitian yueshi(flying music angel).7.Sanping Temple 三平寺
A National AAAA scenic spot located in the Sanping Gorge in the territory of Wenfeng Town of Pinghe County, the Southwest of Zhangzhou city, Fujian Province.It covers a total area of over 4000 m2.The temple has three halls and two gates(internal and external), and an internal door and a gate to the mountain.There are daxionbaodian, Zudian, Tadian, known as Sanluoban locally.On the opposite of the gate to the scenic spot, there stands a giant marble sculpture of the founder of the temple.The axis of the three halls is shaped as moving snake, which is unique in the temple architecture in China.Centered at Sanping temple, which is over 1000 years old, the central scenic spot covers an area of 12 km2, including Sanping Temple, Guanji Park, Yinke Park, Cilang Pavilion, Maoshi Cave, Turtle Mountain, Tiger Forest, Hupa Spring, Longrui Waterfall, and the Memorial Hall commemorating the joining of the Red Army forces, hence the name of 8 ancient scenic spots and 24 modern scenic spots.It attracts a lot of visitors especially when ceremonies are held each year on lunar January 6th to celebrate the birthday of the founder of the temple, on lunar June 6th to mark the anniversary of the founder entry to religion, and on lunar November 6th to celebrate the anniversary of the death the founder of the temple.8.Nanjing Tianluokeng Earth-building Group 南靖田螺坑土楼群
group, with a grand outlook.Standing on the middle of the mountain, facing the south, it is composed of five earth buildings.The square building, called Buyunlou(Cloud stepping building)stands in the middle, and surrounded by three round buildings(Ruiyun Buiding, Hechang Building and Zhenchang Building)and one elliptical building(Wenchang Building).Five buildings were built according to the positions of “gold, wood, water, fire, and earth”, and not only for aesthetic reasons, but also for the function of fortification.Specialities & Delicacies of Zhangzhou.Seasoned Noodles Seasoned noodles are made from the ingredients of shredded pork, shredded bamboo shoots, mushrooms, squids, dried shrimp and day lilies as the ingredients.They are stir fried and boiled with pork bone soup, and then MSG, sugar, and salt and sweet potato starch is added to make a seasoning.When the noodles are served, they are added with fried leek, bean sprouts and the seasoning, and some black pepper, fried ground garlic, fried shredded fish and caraways.2.Nasheng Sesame Dates Pinghe County is famous for its tea dessert for more than 70 years.Nansheng sesame dates are made from sticky rice, taro, sugar, maltose, peanut oil and white sesamum in three procedures.It is featured in being crispy, tender, sweet and elastic.3.Nansheng Salty Duck Nansheng Salty Duck has a history of hundreds years and is named after Nansheng town of Pinghe County where the duck is produced.Nansheng salty Duck is made from the local native ducks.The slaughtered ducks are gutted, salted, and dried in the sunlight in a series of processing procedure for several days.The salty duck is a convenient food.It only needs to be washed and steamed before being served.If rice wine is added, the smell and taste will be even better.4.Shouzhuamian(Hand grabbing noodles)Shouzhuamain, known as “Douganmainfen” or “Wuxiangmianfen” locally, is made from wheat flour material, ingredients and seasoning.The wheat flour material is the alkali noodles which are boiled and spread in a round shape on a bamboo screen to form pan-cakes(called “Mianfen” locally).When it is served on the table, “Mianfen” is laid with fried tofu, or “five spiced rolls”, as well as sweet flour jam, peanut jam, mustard jam and garlic vinegar jam and eaten by grabbing with the fingers, hence the name of “Shouzhuamian”(hand grabbing noodles”).A popular tea cake, shaped in pillow in the size of a little finger, Xiaoxi pillow cake is produced through a number of fine procedures.First, the stuffing of the cake has to be carefully selected.They are fine wheat flour, pork fat, and maltose.The ingredients are made according to the “secret formula”, to ensure that the stuffing will melt as soon as put into mouth without having residues.Then the cake is baked with small fire in a pan, which requires a high skill to ensure an even baking and avoid burning.The traditional pillow cakes are packed in two layers, separated by bamboo leaves.Each package contains eight cakes.Bajitian is the root of Bajitian herb, also named Buchou herb and Sanman herb.As a valuable Chinese medical herb, it has the functions of invigorating the kidney and strengthening Yang, expelling wind-evil, resolving wetness, and nourishing blood.In the book entitled “Shennong Bencao Jing” Bajitian is highly valued as the “Southern Jinsen”.Hexi Township has become a major producer of Bajitian in China and gained the reputation of the “home of Bajitian”.A number of processed Bajitian products, including Bajitian wine, have been developed and produced locally.7.Eight-treasured Ink Pad It is made from top quality of pearl, agate, muskiness, coral, monkey dates, plum slice and Airong, mixed with castor oil, and Biaoyinzhu.With bright colour, and aromatic smell, the ink pad would neither melt in water;nor dry in dry weather;nor mould in rainy season;nor leak oil in summer and nor freeze in winter.As the ink pad does not lose its colour in either water or fire, it has been fancied by calligraphers and painters both domestically and abroad.It has won the excellence prize and special prize respectively on the Southeast Asian fair and the Panama fair.8.Pinghe Guanxi Pomelo Big in size and sweet in taste, Guanxi pomelo is originated in the valley of Guanxi River and is the traditional valuable fruit produced in Pinghe County.Guanxi pomelo has been grown in the local area for over 500 years.During Qianlong years of Qing Dynasty, Guanxi pomelo was the tribute article for the emperor.Tongzhi Emperor granted Guanxi pomelo a stamp and a black dragon flag as the tag for the tribute.The unique flavour of the fruit has won the first prize in the successive five years on the national pomelo competitions.Ranking in an advanced position in China, Guanxi pomelo has gained the reputation of “Pomelo King”.9.Tianbao Banana Banana is one of the six major fruits produced in Fujian Province.Situated by the Jiulong River and backed by Tianbao Mountain, Tianbao Township has a mild and humid climate which provides a favourable condition for the growth of bananas.The bananas produced in Tianbao are famous at home and abroad, due to their thin skin, nice smell, sweet taste, soft meat and no cores.10.Tianfu Tea foodstuffs Produced exclusively by Tianren Foodstuff Plant of Tianfu Group, Tianfu tea cakes are made from the quality materials through modern processing technique in a strictly controlled quality.Characteristic in low sugar, low fat and low calorie, the products have passed ISO9001 and ISO9002 International quality attestation.At present, there are over 50 products in 6 major categories: sweets, cakes, tea cakes, preserved fruits, nuts, and instant tea.Tianfu tea products are sold all over the world.The company has established a number of franchise shops in Taiwan, America, Canada, Japan, and Malaysia, and has become a intra-group which owns nearly one hundred franchised shops.11.Zhangpu Paper Cutting Zhangpu paper cutting is a technique based dominantly by “Yin cutting” and assisted by “Yang cutting”.When displaying feather and flower pedals, the artists often use the technique of “row cutting”, to create a vivid image of the object which is as fine and dense as hair.The traditional subjects for the local paper cutting include flowers, birds, melons, fruits, fish and insects, as well as lucky symbols, historic stories and figures.The paper cuttings of “Cock Fighting”, “Rats Wedding”, “Couple Lotus Flower” and “Twelve Zodiac Symbols” are the most popular.12.Zhangzhou Cotton Portraits The portraits are made mainly from de-fat cotton by applying the principle and rules of painting in combination with the techniques of colour Caizha(handicraft)and embossment through pinching, moulding, plaster, drop-dye and framing to form a strong three-dimensioned picture.As cotton fabric is fine and soft in quality, and identical to feather and leather, the portraits are mainly made in the subjects animals, such as cranes, peacocks, eagles, cats and tigers.Since the cotton portrait was first developed in early 1960s, dozens of varieties of portraits in several categories have been made, and become popular house decorations and souvenirs.13.Zhangzhou Pianzaihuang Pianzaihuang is an outstanding product of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine, known as “famous medicine of national treasure” among the overseas Chinese.It is a medicine processed from the traditional valuable Chinese medical herbs, with a history of over 450 years.Pianzaihuang is made from the valuable Chinese herbs, including Shexiang, Niuhuang, snake’s gall and Tianqi.It is remarkably effective in curing chronic liver disease, diminishing inflammations, killing pains, preventing wounds of cutting and burning from inflammation, accelerating the healing of wounds.14.Zhangzhou Narcisus Narcissus is a provincial flower of Fujian province and the city flower of Zhangzhou Municipality.Narcissus has been grown in Zhangzhou for over 500 years.The techniques for growing and ikebana of narcissus are gradually developed to an exquisite botanic culture.The botanists have created the narcissus carving bonsai technique which can make narcissus blossom in the predicted time.In the spring Festival each year, every house hold would have narcissus bonsais.The greening and the aroma of narcissus symbolizes good luck and happiness.Zhangzhou Folk Culutre
Famous for their strong, aggressive and skilful fighting tactics, the Zhangzhou fighting cocks have been listed as one of the four major types of fighting rooster in China.They have repeatedly established the reputation of being “unbeatable” in the competitions held in Taiwan, Hong Kong and the Southeast Asian Countries.In recent years, the development of the cock fighting industry has been promoted in Zhangzhou Municipality and a cock fighting society has been established in local area.The society has organized activities of “cock king competition” and Zhangzhou cock fighting culture fair, established a website of Zhangzhou cock fighting and Zhangzhou native fighting cocks farm, which have attracted attention both at home and abroad.Nanjing Zhuma(Bamboo Horse)Opera
Nanjing Zhuma opera originated in Mazhen of Tang Dynisty, became popular in Song Dynasty and reached its peak in Qing Dynasty.Zhuma(bamboo horse)is also called Mayi(horse art), madeng(horse lamp), zhumadeng(bamboo horse lamp), using a bamboo horse as the prop.The bamboo horses are made from bamboo skins for the framework, which are glued with red, black, blue and white paper to form the horse shape.When the performance is presented, the front part of the horse is hung in front of the actor’s belly while the rear part of the horse is arranged on the waist of the actor.In this way, the actor looks like riding the horse.The opera is sung with Gezai melody in the local dialect spoken in the southern Fujian.The dialogue is presented with colloquial doggerel in the performance and displays a strong rural style and deep folk culture.Zhanghzhou Xiang Opera
Xiang opera is a major local opera, originally named Gezai opera, also named Zidi Play.Gezi opera was originated in Jinge of Zhangzhou, but developed and formed in Yilan of Taiwan.It is very popular in the Southern Fujian province, including Zhangzhou, Xiamen, and Quanzhou, as well as Yilan of Taiwan and the Southeast countries where many overseas Chinese have migrated.Xiang Opera is mainly presented in the Southern Fujian dialect by actors and actress, which is vivid, humorous and easy to understand.There are over 500 traditional Xiang opera plays.The representatives include “Lei Wanchun beat Tiger”, “nectornade in Hometown of Overseas Chinese”, “An-an Looking for Mother”.The feature of Xiang opera is that it has more singing than speaking, with strong rhythm, expressive force and folk sentiment.
2.导游英语口语 篇二
关键词：英语导游,素质,导游实务
随着相关行业的快速发展, 我国旅游业取得了飞跃发展, 已经从传统的旅游资源大国转化为世界旅游大国, 但在入境游和出境游迅速发展的过程中, 高素质的英语导游人才供给不足的问题逐渐突出, 已经成为制约旅游业发展的重要因素, 人们逐渐认识到在英语导游培养的过程中对导游实务课程内容创新的重要性。
一、英语导游素质
英语导游素质主要包括品德、文化和语言三方面的素质, 品德素质即英语导游在从事旅游行业的同时必须坚持党的领导, 将国家利益、民族利益置于个人利益之上, 自觉遵守国家相关法律法规;树立职业道德, 热爱旅游行业, 形成服务理念。文化素质即英语导游在开展旅游服务的过程中既要对旅游景点的历史背景、人物、区域特色、民族风情等文化知识产生全面、准确的了解, 为提供优质的旅游服务奠定基础, 又要对旅游者的国家文化背景等产生准确的认知, 以此保证旅游服务的持续, 提升旅游者的满意度。文化素质即随着我国成为世界上主要的入境旅游目的地和出境旅游消费国家, 为以英语为母语或能够用英语进行交流的旅游者提供导游服务, 或为我国出境游客提供英语服务已经成为现代旅游业的重要组成部分, 其要求英语导游不仅能够用英语对旅游景点的信息进行准确、流畅的描述, 而且要能够与他人进行有效沟通, 所以要求英语导游的语言素质必须达到流畅、清晰、准确。
二、英语导游实务课程教学结合英语导游素质在内容方面的创新
(一) 针对个人修养的内容创新
个人修养是职业能力的基本保证, 其包括爱国情感和职业道德, 在开展导游实务课程的过程中应有意识地对其进行培养。例如, 将爱国情感融入英语导游词中, 使英语导游在提供导游服务的过程中不仅向入境游客展示旅游景区的美好, 而且将爱国热情传递给旅游者。
(二) 针对跨文化交际能力的内容创新
通过对英语导游工作职责的分析可以发现, 英语导游实质上是将本国家、民族、区域内的优秀文化向外传播, 并将国外先进文化进行吸收的主体, 所以其跨文化交际的能力对开展旅游服务具有重要的作用, 在我国传统导游实务教学中, 将语言能力培养和旅游相关知识的传授作为重点, 而忽视英语导游跨文化交际的能力, 并不利于英语导游文化素质的提升, 使其服务质量的提升受到较大约束, 所以现代导游实务课程在内容上应在原有的基础上加大跨文化交际内容的引入, 使英语导游更全面地了解西方文化。例如, 教师有意识地将英语导游在提供服务的过程中遇到的跨文化交际问题案例引入课堂, 组织学生有针对性地进行讨论, 既调动学生学习的兴趣, 增强相关知识的实用性, 又加深学生的理解。
(三) 针对语言能力的内容创新
英语导游不仅要在语言上准确地掌握语调、语音、句式, 而且为准确表达出旅游景区的信息, 需要掌握大量的专业术语, 所以在开展导游实务教学的过程中, 教师应有意识地使学生认识到专业术语掌握的重要性, 引导学生自主学习英文原版的相关书籍, 如《环球地理》《世界民俗》等。除此之外, 教师应有意识地使学生认识到语言表达准确的重要性, 避免母语负迁移现象在交流过程中的出现。例如, 在汉语中导游接机时为彰显热情, 会主动帮助游客提行李, 说“把你的行李给我吧”潜藏着“我帮你拿”的意思, 但在英语中导游说“Please give me your bags.”对方会理解为“你的行李将归我所有”, 引起对方的不满甚至抵抗, 可见英语导游的语言素质不仅要注重语言的流畅, 更应注重应用的准确性和应用的场合、对象等, 学生在学习的过程中应有意识地将语言与场景相结合。
通过上述分析可以发现, 现阶段学校在培养英语导游人才的过程中已经认识到素质培养的重要性, 并尝试在内容上进行针对性地创新, 以此提升英语导游的整体素质, 使其更加符合旅游业发展对英语导游的要求。
参考文献
[1]隋国研.基于工作过程的《导游英语》课程开发及教学实践研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学, 2014.
3.英语导游幽默语言探析 篇三
摘 要：本文通过分析语言幽默的特点及英语导游使用幽默的重要性，运用实例探讨了英语导游在带团过程中使用幽默的策略和禁忌，以期提升英语导游的语言魅力，对英语交际和教学有所启发。
关键词：英语导游；幽默；策略；禁忌
[中图分类号]H315.9
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1006-2831（2013）08-0192-4 doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-2831.2013.03.048
随着我国旅游产业的迅速发展，中国已成为越来越多国家的旅游目的地，导游则是旅游产业链条中的灵魂，游客对导游的印象直接影响旅游行程，而语言是游客判断一名导游优劣的重要因素。锤炼语言是每个导游必做的功课，尤其是外语导游，不仅表达要准确流利，还须具备一定的语言艺术。适时地使用幽默可以调解旅途气氛，使主客关系更加融洽；准确地使用幽默还可以寓教于乐，甚至消解一些矛盾。幽默的导游语言能够彰显一位导游的思想、感情和格调。幽默的能力需要博闻广记、日积月累。
1 . 英语幽默及特点
“幽默”一词为外来语，最初由林语堂音译humor而来，“若必译其意，或可作‘风趣、‘谐趣、‘诙谐风格”（林语堂，1995）。幽默是语言的调料、智慧的火花、高雅的情致，是具有良好心理素质和出色语言艺术的重要特征，具有沟通情感的神奇而美妙的魅力（陈蔚德，2002）。在西方，幽默感是衡量一个人的人格魅力的重要标准。
近年来国内许多专家学者已经从语言要素、修辞、逻辑以及语用学等角度对幽默进行了研究和分析。由于语言的文化根性，英汉文化差异大，中国人对英语幽默的理解是不太容易的。英语幽默丰富多彩，表现形式多种多样，具有不同语用功能。从语用学角度看，英语幽默的产生有其一定的规律。合作原则、指示语、言语行为、礼貌原则、预设等语用理论与英语幽默的产生有着内在的联系。国内一些专家使用关联理论推导幽默效果的生成机制，为解读英语会话幽默提供了很好的理论框架。
幽默的产生既离不开语言本身的内在规律，同时更离不开具体的语境。因此，幽默接受者要将这种可能性变成事实，必须结合语境，发现不和谐因素，作趣味思想，方可获得愉悦。因此，幽默的实现依赖于接受者，依赖于语境，可以说没有语境就没有幽默（黄碧蓉， 2007）。因此，对英语幽默语言的运用不仅要注意契合上下文的小语境（近语境），也要契合交际的时间、地点、场合、交际对象及文化、自然背景等大语境（远语境）。
2 . 英语幽默在导游带团过程中的影响及作用
导游的工作主要是讲解和服务，即“说”与“做”。语言是导游向游客进行景点讲解、传播知识、沟通思想、劝导说服的最重要的工具（陈蔚德，2002）。导游也被称为播音员，这个称谓强调的是字正腔圆、表达准确。但如果只会平淡地叙述会给客人留下正统严肃的印象，继而会感到单调乏味。从这个意义上说，导游不仅要会娓娓道来，还要有应变、创新等驾驭语言的能力。从心理学来看，幽默可以满足游客渴望别出心裁的心理需求。导游在旅游行程中如能适时运用幽默语言，能够增添情趣、使人愉悦，给游客创造一个和谐的旅游氛围。
因此导游的工作语言不仅应该言之有物，还应该言之有趣。莎士比亚曾说：“幽默和风趣是人类智慧的体现”（陈蔚德，2002）。幽默在人际沟通中起着“融洽关系、调解气氛、摆脱困境、寓教于乐”的作用（周玮，2009）。下面列举一些实例进行详述。
2 . 1 融洽关系
导游与游客的第一次见面和自我介绍在带团过程中很重要。如有一位导游介绍自己的英文名是Jobs，并解释是向苹果之父乔布斯致敬的意思，还顺便告诉客人们这个名字的轶事：苹果员工们被乔布斯裁员，打出的标语是“Jobs， we need jobs！”（乔布斯，我们需要工作！）。这个幽默达到的效果是，游客们迅速记住了这位导游，在旅途中求助时经常使用“We need Jobs.”，使得主客关系非常融洽。
幽默被誉为人际关系的润滑剂。如来自美国加州California的一位游客走散了，众人等待多时终于回到队伍，导游幽他一默“California Dreamer has come back finally.”（加州梦想家终于归队了）。“California Dreamer”转化自曾经传唱甚广的英文歌曲《California Dreaming》。导游的这个称呼既是对客人不遵守纪律的嗔怪也化解了其他客人的担心和不满。
2 . 2 调解情绪
幽默的语言可以调解旅途中低落、焦虑、紧张、不安的情绪。长途旅行常常会遇到路途颠簸，导游如果适时地说一句“Its time to enjoy Chinese massage， and its free of charge！”（现在开始做免费中式按摩啦），游客们在哄堂大笑中就忘记了颠簸之苦。
在城市交通不畅时，旅游车停在十字路口，导游形容此景为“spaghetti junction”（意大利面条路口），游客们都会会心一笑，驱散了等待的焦急。
2 . 3 摆脱困境
机智的幽默可以填补尴尬。外宾对中国的饮食一般都十分感兴趣，有的喜欢问各种食材的名字。一次一位外宾指着一盘醋溜葫芦问是什么菜，笔者一时想不起来西葫芦怎么说，急中生智说“This is cucumbers cousin.”游客们哈哈大笑点头称是。西葫芦和黄瓜的观感和口感都很相似，将西葫芦说成是黄瓜的表亲很形象。当然事后还是要把vegetable marrow“西葫芦”的正确名称告诉客人的，不能给客人留下敷衍塞责的印象。幽默是化解窘境的良药，不能成为巧言令色的借口。
笔者带外宾游天山天池时，遭遇大雾，途中绘声绘色关于湖光潋滟的讲解此时全部无效了，客人们游兴顿减。笔者见状继续讲西王母瑶池宴会的传说，只是加上了今天显然是西王母蒙上了面纱出镜。众人大笑作理解状。缓和了失望情绪后，笔者再乘机解释天池的海拔和气候特点，使游客们减少了此行的遗憾。
2 . 4 寓教于乐
化繁为简的幽默可以让讲解更加生动传神，寓教于乐。如在介绍新疆地形“三山夹两盆”时，可以用sandwich（三明治）来打比方，抽象的地貌地形立刻变成了美食，游客们听得津津有味。又如带团到吐鲁番介绍火焰山时可以插入《西游记》中的孙悟空三借芭蕉扇的故事。Monkey King的故事大多数西方人都熟悉，但过火焰山这一节不一定都知道，笔者把这一节中的孙悟空誉为“the first fireman in history”（史上最早消防员），简介明了又十分有趣地让游客明白了故事的核心。
3 . 如何使用英语幽默
言之有趣的“趣”在相同文化下是容易实现的，但在跨文化的语境中是需要有知识和阅历的储存，尤其是对目的语要有准确的把握。培根说：“逻辑与修辞使人能言善辩。”导游语言艺术常用修辞手法有：拟人、夸张、比喻、象征、双关、谐音、用典等（周玮，2009）。这些手法在恰当的语境中使用，就可达到幽默的效果。下面例举一些具体的英语幽默技巧。
3 . 1 运用双关语
英语里有很多词存在本意和引申义，有时候混淆一下其本意和引申义，笑点就出来了。
如：Your brain has two parts， the left part and
the right part. The right part has nothing left， and the left part has nothing right. （right： 1. 正确的；2. 右边的，left： 1. 剩下的；2. 左边的）
如：Marriage is an institution where a man
loses his bachelors degree and a woman gets her masters. 这里有三个词存在一词多义，institution（学院；制度）、bachelor（学士；单身汉）和master（硕士；主人）（王明，2011）。
3 . 2 运用夸张
笔者带团经过克拉玛依（新疆准葛尔盆地石油新城），用完午餐，问候客人用餐感受时，加上一句“Did you taste the petroleum in the food？”（你们没有在饭菜里尝到石油的味道吗？），客人们起初可能感觉莫名其妙，然后导游开始讲解克拉玛依丰富的石油储量和建城历史，客人们恍然大悟之余对导游的这个夸张的笑话倍感有趣。
再如上文所提到的“f r e e C h i n e s e massage”，如果是带团在新疆吐鲁番，夏天遇到高温也可以套用这个幽默的夸张，“Its time to enjoy Turpan Sauna， and its free of charge！”（现在开始享用吐鲁番免费桑拿啦）
3 . 3 运用俚语
在当今英语国家，特别是在美国，俚语的使用较为普遍。在美国人的平均词汇量中。俚语约占百分之十（郭炎华，2011）。恰当使用俚语可以使表达简洁明了，增强语言表现力，使人耳目一新。比如因为香烟可以致癌，所以香烟被形象地称为“cancer stick”，导游在旅途中讲解注意事项时，通常会告诫游客不要在车内和景区吸烟，一句“Cancer stick is not permitted here.”让外宾莞尔一笑之余乐于接受劝导。
3 . 4 运用委婉语
导游的工作语言要通俗化生活化，但不能粗俗化庸俗化。恰当地使用委婉语也能达到幽默的效果。如“Lets have a comfortable stop.”，“There is the happy-room.”，“Lets answer the call of the nature.”以上的“舒适的停顿”“快乐的房间”“响应大自然的号召”，都是指“上厕所”或“厕所”的意思。
3 . 5 套用典故
一名优秀的英语导游应该是熟悉英语文化和旅游目的地文化的，典故和谚语作为长久流传的语言精髓具有生动形象的特点，在语言表达中灵活使用可以起到事半功倍的效果。恰当地用典可以使游客在期望、错愕、恍然大悟和惊喜中感受到导游语言跌宕起伏、柳暗花明的美感。
如笔者曾经“篡改”过名谚“A nan a day keeps the dentist away”（强调常食新疆的馕有固齿的功能），“When in yurt， do as the Kazaks do.”（强调入乡随俗）。中国国际旅行社的广告“At home youre your own boss. In China your Aladdins lamp is at CITS.”（在家靠自己，出国靠国旅），采用了英语受众大都很熟悉的《天方夜谭》的典故阿拉丁神灯。阿拉丁神灯是一件能够帮助人实现愿望的宝物。笔者曾经把这句话“篡改”为“At home you are your own boss. Here your Aladdins lamp is me.”，游客们听后会产生对导游服务的一种信任感，同时也能感受到导游的自信和热情。
又如笔者曾经在带领一个学生团爬山登顶后由衷地说“I come， I see， I conquer.”（Veni，vidi，vici），引发众人欢呼。这句来自罗马凯撒大帝Caesar的名言虽然彰显的是征服的霸气，但在此时恰好可以表达胜利的喜悦。
4 . 英语幽默使用禁忌
以上都是在使用中取得过良好效果的实例。但我们知道一切经验都来自特定的环境和对象。语言交际是逻辑推理过程，推理需要在双方共知的认知环境中进行，交际双方需要具有类似的客观环境和认知能力。在跨文化交际中，这种功能就表现为源语和目的语的发出者和接受者是否具有相同的体验和认知。当认知环境显映相同的事实或假设时，交际双方产生“互为显映”或认知环境重叠，由此建立逻辑推理基础（王牧群，2011）。如果认知环境达不到重叠，或错误重叠，就无法建立起假设中的逻辑推理，交际失败，幽默失效。因此在使用幽默的时候，一定要注意场合，注意用词，注意品味，注意对象（陈蔚德，2002）。
4 . 1 勿不分时间场合
导游在使用幽默语言时，一定要注意时间和场合，在一定时间和场合取得良好效果的幽默到了其他场合就不一定适用，甚至会适得其反。如前文提到的“cancer stick”，如果是客人在吸烟区顾自吞云吐雾时，导游如果来一句“You are having cancer stick.”就一定是冒犯了。再如前文中提到的“Did you taste the petroleum in the food？”，如果不是在盛产石油的地方，听到这样的反问，客人一定会以为饭菜有问题。
4 . 2 勿不分对象
幽默是游客普遍的心理需求，但来自不同文化的人对幽默的理解是不一样的，导游在使用幽默的过程中不能不分文化背景乱开玩笑。如前文提到的“California Dreamer”就不适合来自东南亚的老年人。缺少英语文化背景，导游的幽默只能让游客莫名其妙，如果进一步进行解释这个词的来历，则失去了幽默原本的默契效果和契合的意味。幽默的情致神韵往往只有共享同一文化的群体成员才能心领神会（李进喜，2007）。因此，一名优秀的英语导游应该能够判断自己的语言是否能和游客的认知环境重叠，是否能够由此建立逻辑推理基础。这种判断力来自良好的跨文化交际能力。对待不同国家、民族、性别、职业甚至不同年龄的游客要有不同的幽默策略。
4 . 3 勿取笑他人
导游在面对游客，运用幽默语言进行表达时，要顾忌到周边游客的感受，不能把游客当成取笑对象进行调侃或议论，不能拿别人的长相、衣着、服饰、发型开玩笑。讲笑话时注意避免宗教主题和种族歧视的内容。幽默的出发点必须是善意的。
4 . 4 勿带“颜色”
幽默语言的取材内容要高雅。用低级趣味的“黄色幽默”和挖苦别人的“黑色幽默”来取悦游客，会给大家一种玩世不恭、轻视别人的感觉，也会无形中降低导游员在游客心目中的良好形象。语言可以塑造一个导游，也可以摧毁一个导游。
4 . 5 勿重复，死记硬背，生搬硬套
一句幽默的话如果重复多次使用，就会让人觉得索然无味了。使用太多书面语“掉书袋”，背诵幽默大全，只会给游客留下导游是个bookish（书呆子）的印象，无益于沟通交流。
总之，幽默作为一种语言和行为的特征，它以一种愉悦方式让别人获得精神上的快感，在英语导游工作语言中起着非常重要的作用，是英语导游良好职业素质的表现。用好英语幽默需要导游具有一定的驾驭语言的融会贯通的能力。要想真正达到幽默效果，导游必须具备跨文化交际能力、丰富的知识和阅历以及与人为善的人文精神。愿本文这些实例可以启发从事涉外旅游行业的工作者，勤观察，广积累，锤炼语言，夯实功底，向世界展示中国旅游良好的形象和上乘的服务。
参考文献
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4.导游英语口语 篇四
五四广场
The May 4th Square is located.The May Fourth Square is backed by the City Hall building, south to Fushan Bay, 700 meters long from north to south, with a total area of 10 hectares.It is a modern style square full of lawns, fountains and sculptures.1919 Qingdao raised the issue of sovereignty “May Fourth” movement.In 1914, Japan replaced the German, and then proposed “The Twenty-one ” attempting to take long-term occupation of Qingdao, which caused strong oppositions from people across the country.In January, 1919, at the Paris Peace, when China attended as victors and claimed the sovereign of Qingdao, they were rejected by Western powers, and Qingdao was forciblytransferred to Japan.The news came out, the students in Beijing burst out protesting in May 4th.The government was forced refuse signing at Paris Peace, which smashing Japanese conspiracy of permanent occupation.In 1922, the sovereignty of Qingdao was recovered.Across the square is the City Hall, a tall and majestic building, facing south, simple and neat, serious and solemn.The south is square-mesh-shaped, meaning the rigorous style for the government.It has become a landmark building of Qingdao.Dryland lattice fountain is an underground fountain, hiding 8 rows 9 columns, a total of 72 dots, which can jet in different shapes and heights.Right in the center of the squar ,the red torch-shaped sculpture “ May Fourth Wind ” is the heaviest steel sculpture in the country.It weighs 700 tons, and is about 30 meters high, 27 meters in diameter.As a high wind arousing from land, this sculpture promotes the “May Fourth” patriotism spirit and encourages people to work hard.At the south sea of the sculpture is the first offshore 100-meter fountain in China.Adopting advanced high-pressure pumps, spewing water is up to 100 meters.Because the water is extracted directly from the sea, avoiding the corrosion and salinization of shore facilities and lawn fountain, it is designed at the 160 meters away offshore.West to the square is the Music Square.The center landscape the “Sail of Music, ” is a white tapered software sculpture tent, drawn by imported membrane structure, divided into two pieces, about 5 meters high, fixed by 15 anchor dots.The huge piano under the tent is commonly known as “The Piano King”.It must be played by two people at the same time.Every festival , the sound of music will haunt everywhere.The Fushan Bay in the front, is the place where held the Olympic Sailing Competition.Because of the exceptional conditions, this place was the first getting through audit of all single events.
5.导游英语 (12) 篇五
hina is home to many mountains.According to statistics, the famous high mountains in China number over 200 in total.The principal mountains in China generally fall into the following three types;
First, traditional famous mountains
In ancient China, the emperors claimed to be the “sons of Heaven.” “To repay Heaven for kindness,” they often took the magnificent and precipitous mountains as the auspicious sign, where they set up altars to offer sacrifices to Heaven.The first feudal emperor in Chinese history holding a large-scale ceremony to confer a feudal title upon a mountain is Emperor Qin Shihuang, First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty.To ensure that the country was prosperous and the people lived in peace, the emperors of the successive dynasties frequently held activities to confer feudal titles on mountains.Finally the five most famous mountains of China emerged,i.e., Mount Tai in the east;Mount Huashan in the west;Mount Hengshan in the east;Mount Songshan in the central;and Mount Henshan in the south.Since then the “five sacred mountains” have enjoyed a high reputation throughout the world, and become the pronouns of renowned mountains in China.Second, the famous Buddhist Mountains An old Chinese saying goes:” The monks occupy most of the famous mountains.” When the emperor of past ages were busy conferring titles upon famous mountains, monks speeded up building temples in the mountains across the country for practicing Buddhism.Consequently, the “four famous Buddhist mountains” in china came into forth,i.e, Mount Emei in Sichuan, Mount Wutai in Shanxi, Mount Putuo in Zhejiang and Mount Jiuhua in Anhui.As Taoists are particular about tranquility and prefer to being away from the turmoil of the world, a great number of famous Taoist mountains, represented by Mount Wudang, emerged as the times demanded.It proves that the famous religious mountains in China are actually the models of the perfect combination of China’s natural and cultural legacies.Third, newly discovered mountains
Along with the progress of society, the development of science and technology, and the emergence of mountaineering and tourism, China has found them are suitable for climbing, and the others, for sightseeing.In history, the Chinese people did not give sufficient attention to the places where groups of mountains gather, because of their high elevations and poor transport facilities.In modern times, when explorers, mountaineers, travelers, geologists and meteorologists traveled to or made inspections of western China, they constantly discovered clusters of high mountains and glaciers, as well as a great number of world-level natural wonders.Though they are not famed, they are more magnificent and beautiful than the famous mountains.Mount Tai---the ancestor of Chinese mountains Mount Emei-----a great mountain rising from a basin
Mount Huangshan----the most beautiful mountain in the eyes of the Chinese people
Mount Qomolangma----the “third pole of the earth”
6.英语导游词 篇六
Qufu city south gate is the starting point of the temple. Gates also called “WanRen GongQiang”. “In ancient China climb” is a unit of length, climb are equivalent to the two meters. But not only GongQiang no WanRen high of qufu, lest the world no one place GongQiang can have such high. So this name is how come from? This dates back to the spring and autumn period, Confucius student zigong said: if a persons knowledge compared to a GongQiang words, my teacher Confucius of GongQiang several climb high. The claim to be remembered zi gong to Confucius used to express the people respect and praise, and this way GongQiang higher and higher until the qing emperor qianlong of the enterprise in QuFuCheng engraved “on the door WanRen GongQiang” 4 words.
JinShengYuZhen fang is the first door lane temple gate. Before the music to play a when the bells began, and qing ended. This mean Confucius thought theory is very perfect, like playing a perfect as the music.
JinShengYuZhen fang lingxingmeng is behind it. Ling star is sky star energies of a star, according to tradition, Ling ancient flocks must first offering stars, here to build lingxingmeng meaning Confucius as honour days. “Lingxingmeng” 3 big word for qianlong calligraphy, this is the first door into the temple.
Through tai ShengMiao fang qi fang and to the temple, we come to the second word gate “holy when door”. Holy mean when the door in many christians first system of philosophy, Confucius thought theory is the most suitable time.
Hong doors praise Confucius doctrine far-reaching influence. This door takes its name from “the analects”, “one can hong word, the word hong person”.
Through hong gate, we came to large and medium-sized door. This is the temple gate, jin five foreign write. “Big” takes its name from the theory, Confucius praised the doctrine of the mean of Confucius. Northeast of the medium door there is a huge monument that ChengHua tablet ZhuJianShen MingXian Pope, is made. This monument is very famous in China, there are two main reasons why. One is the calligraphy good, inscription in block letters; all 2 it is the content of the inscription of the Confucius best compliments. The inscription about the, Confucius theories like eating dressing same, without it, people day all may not survive.
North of the gate of the high with wen stand-up architecture is unique architectural style, the world-famous high-graded WenGe.
Kratos WenGe high 23 m, width 30 meters, width of 17 meters, is the famous temple tall buildings. The ornate three-layer fanciful, triple eaves, showing the hole of power and influence home. We see the WenGe was built in 1504 Krishna temple, was initially CangShuLou, designed for collection of royal emperors built give books.
Kratos WenGe is very sturdy timberwork building since the Ming dynasty, emperor in 1504 repaired the examinations, has experienced since hundreds of years of wind and rain, not to mention a few earthquakes. The qing emperor kangxi years (1654-1722), qufu a large earthquake happened, most of the city buildings were destroyed, but WenGe steady as a rock, kratos, intact.
WenGe north is thirteen pavilion, kratos. This is a narrow and long compound, the courts have two trains pavilion, south 8, and five on the north. Thirteen pavilion is designed to preserve emperors, ministers have made for the tablet, so called built “royal pavilion”. Thirteen pavilion save tablet, and the first tablet 55 pieces of tang dynasty, and is made song and jin, yuan, Ming and qing and inscriptions during the period of the republic. Most of the inscriptions recorded the emperors to qufu offering hole, donated to Confucius temple, or repaired the seal and their descendants, given land, etc.
Continue north line, we come to the dacheng door. Dacheng gate 5 door write, dacheng door center. The name of metasynthetic door from the warring states period of great, mencius Confucianism home. He praised Confucius doctrine set the first holy, sages tales. Since then, the door began to east temple is divided into three road layout. Road ChongSheng the gate, there is the sacrifice of five ChongSheng ancestors Confucius temple; Holy door is west rev. The rev temple parents sacrifice Confucius; Road is the sacrifice of various architectural. Confucius couples
Enter dacheng, right side door is a tall boulder fence in the Chinese juniper tree. It is said that the tree was Confucius hands, so called “implant forerunners.” Chinese juniper goes In fact, Confucius lived hand over a tree the Chinese juniper tree planting, but hundreds of years ago and died. We see the Chinese juniper tree is the qing yongzheng roots grow on the germination of buds. In the past, it is the symbol of Confucius doctrine, it grew exuberant or not adumbrative hole home and even the whole countrys prosperity and decline.
Ancient pine bosk unparalleled north door pillar stands a scarlet tall pavilions. Is said to be in the place, Confucius lectures named xingtan.
Confucius devoted to teaching, once in xingtan set to teach. Unfortunately, the location of the original book xingtan not recorded. We see the song in xingtan was built, TianXi years 1018 of Confucius, when the sun passageways auxiliary restorer 45 when the temple, DaChengDian move northward. Built around the altar and its growing almond, yue xingtan. Since then it is considered to be the place. Confucius lecture The jin dynasty, built on the altar the pavilion, booth in made tablet, engraved “xingtan” 2 words, is DangHuaiYing calligraphy by the famous literati. Todays pavilion is 1569 built in the Ming dynasty longqin years. 1724, a fire swept through, destroyed many buildings temple. However, in the blaze xingtan survived up until today, held.
The north temple xingtan is the main DaChengDian. - DaChengDian YanXia wide porch, around, high 24.8 m, width 45.8 meters, width 24.9 meters. DaChengDian double-hipped roof nine ridge, yellow overburden crest, extended glazed tiles. DaChengDian along with Beijing the imperial palace of the taihe palace, mount tai temple Kuang dai, and called heaven the three main halls.
DaChengDian not only large scale, and the hall of supreme harmony and days compared Kuang temple, the most attractive is YanXia 28 root liang-yi stone. Liang-yi sits in stone after Ephraim column on development. By the whole stone pillars carved high nearly 6 meters, and 81 centimeters in diameter. Pillar is the Ming dynasty (1500) twenty-three examinations carved. After 18 root and on both sides of the ErLongXiZhu liang-yi is bas-relief, each root, every one in eight surface liang-yi nine dragons, each of the pillars, 72 dragon 18 posts altogether 1296 dragon.
Former YanXia is 10 root deep anaglyph ErLongXiZhu liang-yi, two dragons, direct eaves of cheung. Liang-yi carved is the hill sea water. They are qufu sculpture art unique treasure. Although Beijing taihe palace building colorful enormous clout, symbol of royal. But the hall of supreme harmony under ten root huge wood pillars and DaChengDian this 10 root than up liang-yi much worse. Because of this, every time the emperor to these QuFuLai with yellow liang-yi silk wrap up, lest cause the emperors envy and resentment.
In DaChengDian Confucius and four match (unfortunately, CengCan, hole Ji, mencius) statue of twelve zhe whole during the cultural revolution was destroyed. In 1984, the government raise funds rebuild a statue. In 1984 in September 22, DaChengDian held ceremonies, resets the Confucius and four match the statue of twelve zhe.
After DaChengDian spacious halls surrounded corridor came back, we see the bed of the temple. Mrs Lay temple is sacrifice Qi officers Confucius temple. House between 9-meter wide, deep 4 built between DaChengDian imitation. YanXia pillar of the ceiling and coloured drawing or pattern with phoenix decoration, phoenix in ancient China usually is the symbol of women.
Qi officers 475-221 B.C., 19 from when marry Confucius, a year after carp, ahead of the next son hole Confucius seven years died. When later meng-gua seal Confucius as “,she was also, ”dubbed the meng-gua Mrs.“ When the temple or three rooms, her hut sacrifice to enjoy and Confucius. Song TianXi between (1018) years, built to house alone lie unto her.
In the last into the yard temple, and a huge building called the mystery of the temple. The mystery of the house takes its name from inside preservation inside the wall embedded in the picture, these stone 120 picture painted of Confucius is described before famous events. Every picture 60 cm long, wide 38 centimeters, records of events from Confuciuss mother YanZheng in prayer, born in mountain ni Confucius after death to Confucius disciple grave keeper for him all so far. These stone carvings, paintings in the important moment history and artistic value.
In addition LuJi hole in the yard outside, temple and east and west.
Road of Confucius temple is curtilage caught in between and Confucius. After the death of Confucius, lu said the offspring of male let Confucius has each year in this sacrifice Confucius. This well is Confucius lived water Wells. Well, the east plugging independent courtyard wall around the walls not pick up to a wall, it called lu lu recorded a collection of stories. Wall Chinas first emperor qin shihuang FenShuKengRu. Nine of the world SunKong Fu Confucius that qin shihuang sent when people come to the main works, the Confucius hid in the reason of the clip wall inside, house and fled to songshan made hermits. To commemorate the event, hole home built the wall posterity. Lu wall in front of the auditorium is poetry. Is said to be taught him to honor the son of Confucius built to learn poetics ritual.
★ 导游词的英语
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★ 天柱山导游词英语202
★ 聊城英语导游词
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★ 夏威夷英语导游词
7.浅谈英语导游口译的语言技巧 篇七
一、口译的概念
口译就是口头进行表达的一种形式, 把一种语言的内容通过另一种语言表达出来。口译是一种很实用的交际手段, 它在不同的文化和语言环节中发挥着十分重要的作用, 可以让交谈的双方没有障碍的进行语言交流。口译根据工作形式的不同主要分为两种:同声传译和即席翻译。而根据工作性质的不同, 口译可以分为:生活翻译、导游翻译、会议翻译、医学翻译和商务翻译等。
二、英语导游口译的特点
1. 准确性
准确性是英语导游口译最基础的要求, 必须有效的保证地名、人名和数字的正确性, 因为哪怕是一个很小的失误都有可能带来麻烦。英语导游对于文化的传播解说、景点的仔细描述以及背景的阐述介绍, 都是外国游客了解我国文化的途径, 如果在口译的过程中出现了问题, 我国的形象就会出现偏差。
2. 灵活性
绝大多数的旅游活动都是为了休闲, 所以, 在旅游的过程中, 导游的口译必须保持轻松愉快。在用词时, 尽可能的选用接近游客生活的词汇, 促使游客和导游在交流过程中保持轻松愉悦的氛围。由于游客的国家、身份、年龄都有所差异, 英语导游必须采用灵活的口译方式, 让旅途更加的欢快。
3. 在场性
在场性也就是即时性。由于口译的基础就是口语, 所以, 口语的在场性直接关系着口译的在场性。在旅途中, 英语导游必须一边整理思路、一边组织语言进行表达。口译的在场性就需要导游在旅途中时刻集中自己的注意力、用敏捷的思维观察游客的反应。口译的在场性特点要求导游提前了解景点的历史背景和导游词, 提前对外国游客可能会提出的问题进行预测, 并准备好解决的答案, 对于没有准备到的问题, 英语导游就必须根据自己的经验和现场的状况, 进行在场性的回答。
4. 复杂性
一个好的英语导游, 不只是需要熟悉导游涉及的业务, 还应该拥有良好的素质水平, 主要包括沟通能力、知识水平和心理素质等方面的素质。英语导游的口译包含着很多的知识, 诸如:旅游常识、国际知识和历史文化知识理论等。除此之外, 英语导游还应该了解并掌握一些地区的方言, 以便到了比较偏远的地区, 也可以及时的进行翻译。所以, 一般英语导游都是博学的, 不仅了解各地的风俗, 还了解国外的风土人情, 而且还能有效地把这些知识运用到导游的过程中。
三、英语导游口译的语言技巧
英语导游都是运用语言解决现场的问题, 通过英语交流沟通彼此的感情, 所以, 英语导游必须把英语运用的准确、生动而且保持语速通畅。
1. 使用欢迎词的口语技巧
导游从开篇词开始就应该有效的拉近和游客之间的关系。一般在开始的时候就选择用“Welcome to...”来表达自己对游客的欢迎, 然后使用“I am..., a optimistic boy/girl, ...”开始介绍自己并拉近彼此的关系, 然后表明自己的职责和态度“a tourist guide, let your journey happier...try my best to...”, 最后希望顾客配合并有一个愉快的旅程。如此有效的拉近关系, 让游客对导游产生信任感, 为一路的愉快旅行打好基础。
2. 景点介绍的口语技巧
每种语言都有自己的特色, 讲解景点或是名人时, 一定要使用英语思维方式, 尽可能的生动表达。英语的口语最忌讳“主动’语态, 我们的习惯是突出主动者, 但英语却不同, 主语一定要放在句子前面, 比如, 我和你, 用英语翻译就是“you and me”。
英语导游不只要精通语言的使用, 还必须了解英语国家的一些历史人物、典型故事等, 有效地和中国的人物故事进行练联系。比如在介绍《梁山伯与祝英台》时, 可能外国人根本就听不懂, 我们可以采用类比的方法进行介绍“Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, just like Romeo and Juliet in china”, 这样一翻译, 外国人就会了解故事人物。类似的还有西施“the chinese Cleopatra”、徐霞客“China's Marco Polo”等。
3. 相互交谈的语言技巧
由于语言和价值观的差异, 作为英语导游, 不仅要知道说什么“What to say”, 还要知道怎么说“How to say”, 尊重彼此的价值理念, 外国老人不喜欢被当成老人, 我们可以称呼为“senior citizens”。在交谈的过程中尽可能的避免去打听游客的年龄、收入等, 如必须了解, 必须讲清楚理由。而且, 外国人喜欢直截了当, 问你“Do you have breakfast/lunch?”, 你说没吃的话, 外国人绝不会邀请你一起用餐, 而且问你喝什么饮料时, 你必须指出一个, 而不可以使用“随便”的回答。
结语:
总而言之, 英语导游口译是一项涉及面很广的工作, 英语导游必须拥有深厚的英语功底, 还需要有熟练的翻译技巧和丰富的知识。
摘要：随着中国的快速发展, 吸引了大量的外国游客, 在带领外国游客的过程中, 导游起着重要的作用, 导游的英语口译能力直接关系着旅途的气氛和外国人对中国文化的理解, 提高导游的口译能力有着十分重要的意义。
关键词：英语导游,口译,技巧
参考文献
[1]王慧.浅谈英语导游口译技巧[J].广西教育学院学报, 2009 (03)
[2]杨国兰.浅谈外国语导游口译技巧[J].重庆工贸职业技术学院学报, 2008 (02)
8.导游英语口语 篇八
关键词:职中导游专业 口语教学 影响因素 对策
一、问题的提出
进入21世纪我国旅游业蓬勃发展,导游人员的市场需求随之迅速增长。但,导游人员整体素质有下降的趋势,其中导游的口头讲解表达能力问题表现突出。据调查,近阶段占相当高比例的游客对于导游的讲解能力打出不满意的评价。
影响导游人员口头表达能力的因素是多方面的。其中,导游专业口语教学始终是一个相对薄弱的环节。本文从导游的口语教学角度,寻找导游口语教学的影响因素,并针对导游口语教学问题提出的若干对策。
二、制约导游专业口语教学的若干因素
笔者认为,制约导游专业口语教学是多方面因素综合作用的结果,主要有:
(一)学生因素
学生是教学的主体。“究竟是‘我要学’还是‘要我学’”的问题在职中普遍存在。职中学生在课堂上普遍欠缺主动训练口语表达能力训练的意识和积极性,课堂教学组织口语训练往往会出现冷场的尴尬情形。学生还有缺乏自我表现的保守传统缺点,平时缺乏口语表达能力学习意识与训练的习惯。另外,在主观意志方面,学生训练时容易出现气馁、自我放弃等消极情绪。
(二)教师因素
教师在教学过程中起着主导作用。相对传统基础专业,导游专业的资深教师人才相对比较紧缺。客观方面,职中“双师型”教师的比较紧缺,由此可能制约着导游口语教学的质量水平的提高。主观方面,职业学校在课程设置方面存在不重视、不科学等问题,甚至没有设置专门的导游口语课程。专业教师在教学过程中普遍存在重视导游笔试而忽视导游口语训练的意识,口语教学往往突击式地围绕导游证口语考试指定的景点作训练,而忽视了导游现场口语训练的长期性。
(三)教材因素
教材是教学的重要载体。目前导游口语教材还没有形成专业的教学体系,导游口语教材零散分布在导游业务、导游概论、语言能力与技巧等相关书籍之中。教材的编写方法传统守旧,资料相对紧缺和形式单一。与旅游业日益推出的新景点、新事物相比,教材介绍的景点内容陈旧,表达形式比较枯燥欠缺生动的图文声像来配合教学。
(四)教学基础设施因素
教学基础设施设备是教学的平台,主要是教学基础设施和实训基地两方面。中职学校的教学基础设施还不完善。中职学校普遍错误地认为,导游专业只需要“一本教科书、一支粉笔、一张嘴巴”就足够了,不需要什么教学设施设备。事实上,导游专业口语教学同样需要现代化教学基础设施,例如多媒体教室等。
同时,职业中学也不重视导游专业的实训基地建设。导游专业职业学校急需建立导游专业实验室、实習基地等。目前职中普遍还没有建立起完善的导游专业实验室,例如微格模拟导游实验室、旅游专业图书与资料、旅行社实习基地等。
(五)实践因素
导游专业具有很强的实践性。目前,职中的学生一般是局限在课堂学习理论知识,对于导游口语的训练一般只停留在书本上、课堂上。中职学校由于教学经费、课外活动安全等原因,缺少组织导游专业学生对景点考察等专业见习,比较少机会组织学生进行导游专业的实践,学生对于导游口语没有专业的感性认识,导致实践与理论相脱节。
三、导游专业口语教学的若干对策
(一)提高学生主动意识,发挥学习的主体作用
在教学的矛盾关系中,职中学生是学习的主体,才是学习的真正主人。因此,首先是培养学生训练导游口语能力的主动意识,激发学生口语训练的兴趣。在教学过程中抓住机会、创设情境,提高学生训练口语能力的主动意识,最终引导学生形成一套主动学习的方法,让学生走上自我学习的素质教育道路。
(二)发展教师“双师型”,发挥教学的主导作用
首先,专业教师除了精通专业课程理论的教学,还特别需要参加导游的实践,了解旅游业的最新动态,熟悉现代导游口语的最新特点,掌握游客的最新服务需求,不断优化导游口语的教学,最终提高学生的口语表达能力。
(三)利用社会资源,引进实用型导游口语师资
最近教育部提出:允许具有高级专业职业技术人才兼任职业学校的专业教学工作,这无疑为职业教育指明了方向。中国旅游发展到一个大众化阶段,形成一支旅游实践经验丰富的资深导游队伍。这成为职业教育的可以加以利用的宝贵教学资源。因此,职业学校可以充分利用社会的资深导游人才资源,聘请旅行社的资深导游,采取定期兼课、专题讲座、实习指导等多种方式,对学生的口语进行指导、培训等。
(四)改革和创新编写导游口语教材
结合素质教育的发展战略和教学大纲的总体要求,创新编写一系列符合职业中学学生实际情况、具有浓郁地方旅游资源特色的导游口语教材,并进行相应的教学改革。现代信息科技的迅速发展为教学创新创造优良条件。除了编写一系列书本教材外,还应该充分利用网络信息资源,积极开发图文声像等形式的导游专业的教材,例如是优秀导游示范、旅游资源介绍视频等口语教材。
(五)完善教学基础设备,建立良好的导游实训基地
结合当地经济实际条件,完善基础教学设施设备,让专业教师可以发挥现代多媒体等先进教学设备的作用,充分运用网络资源和口语训练信息资源,进一步优化专业口语教学质量。在校内,专业教学可以创设导游模拟比赛、旅游线路设计等多种形式,培养训练学生的口语能力。有条件允许的,学校可以组织导游专业学生进行导游见习,让学生获得导游实践的感性认识。
同时,加快建立导游专业实习基地,探索校企合作的导游培养模式,让学生在实践中锻炼,从而促进口语教学的效果。学生在实践活动中有效提高口语学习能力和导游的综合能力。
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