GRE作文提升字数技巧(6篇)
1.GRE作文提升字数技巧 篇一
GRE作文之Issue:准备提纲
Issue要求考生根据所给的题目,完成一篇表明立场的逻辑立论文。Issue题库涉及社会、文化、科技、历史、政治、艺术等诸多方面。不同类型的题目有较大差别,但在同一类型的题目中却包含了许多命题方向非常接近的题目。
Issue写作对于论据的要求是非常高的,因此你的名人事例的储备,相关知识量的积累是非常重要的。这一环节也正是GRE考生最为头疼的一部分,举不出支持自己的观点的例子,因此让自己的文章显得只有苍白的论证,缺乏说服力。因此要多读历史,积累例子,尤其关注那些重要的哲学家、科学家、艺术家、政治领袖等人的生平事迹、主要贡献。例如Issue里的这样一道真题:“Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society。”(真正影响深远的思想家和具有高度创造力的艺术家总是与他们的时代和社会步伐不一致)。这个题目如果没有必备的那些思想家和艺术家的例子,文章必然缺乏说服力。因此读历史积累写作素材,具体说就是论据素材是拿高分的一个重要环节。
另外,写提纲对于Issue部分的备考是至关重要的,也是最占用时间、最核心的一个环节。每一个题目的提纲力求详细,不用去写开头段和结尾段,就写正文各段你的各个分支观点,也就是正文部分的论证过程。除了论证以外,写完后想想可以用些什么论据,把支持论证的论据也写上。需要强调的是,一定要较为详细地写Issue提纲,否则,在考场如果遇到没有思考过的题目,很容易自乱阵脚,导致失败。此外,题目必须考前按题材分类去写提纲,看懂,知道对立面和大致写作思路。论据往往在同类的很多题目中通用。写完提纲后,再写20-40篇完整的文章(语言能力弱的话,尽量多写)。
GRE作文之Argument:掌握逻辑
Argument要求考生分析所给题目,完成一篇驳论文,指出并且有力地驳斥题目中的主要逻辑错误。Argument部分,首先要熟悉每一个题目,找出主要的逻辑错误,也就是Argument题目的提纲,同时每一个逻辑错误准备一套语言套路去说。写完每一个题目的提纲后,写10-15篇完整的文章(语言能力弱的话,可以增加写作量),找partner帮你改,知道错误以后再重写。
有些考生写GRE文章,喜欢用专业性的逻辑用语,其实没有必要,就事论事比较好。在批驳的时候为了显得有力,可以多用用for example、it is possible that、it is likely that之类的句型,因为Argument就是挑错与找茬的过程。如果实在觉得错误不好找,那么就根据每一句话批,基本上,每一个表示原因的句子中都可能存在逻辑错误。
有人认为,Argument背一下错误分类就可以了。但是在实践中这些只是次要的方面,主要的还在于寻找论述者的论据和事实是否对论点做了充分且必要的证明。只有找出他们之间的缺点和不足,文章才会流畅。掌握逻辑的因果关系,更好地把握文章的结论,会写出更漂亮的文章,而不是仅仅的survey、response、data等一些谁都用的东西,无论什么都是越具体越有说服力。
GRE作文难度: Issue>Argument
总的来看,Issue难度高于Argument。对于考生来说,Issue比Argument要求拥有更扎实的写作功底和更严密的逻辑思维。同时,ETS对于Issue的模板化和plagiarisms更加敏感。总之,获得Issue高分需要较多的努力。相比之下,Argument内容相对单一 (出错的逻辑类型比较少),题目中给了考生更多的提示信息,因此提高Argument成绩容易一些。
参照ETS评过分的范文,我们不难发现:无论Issue还是Argument在评分标准上都有共同之处:第一,观点要有深度,论证要有说服力;第二,组织要有条理,表达清晰准确;第三,语言流利,句式复杂,词汇丰富。这三条说的也就是行文的“思想性”、“结构性”以及“表达性”。众多高分作文的考生大凡都在这三个方面做得很好,我们理所当然也要从这里入手,采取“各个击破”的方法解剖GRE作文的本质,从而得到一个理想分数。
以上就是新GRE作文Issue和Argument的区别以及GRE写作技巧介绍,各位考生在进行GRE作文备考时可以采取各个击破的方法,分别进行攻克,争取拿到GRE写作高分。
GRE作文ARGUMENT官方题库满分范文点评
GRE作文官方题库ARGUMENT题目:
“Of the two leading real estate firms in our town—Adams Realty and Fitch Realty—Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams’ revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitch’s $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams.”
【满分范文赏析】
The author argues that Adams Realty is superior to Fitch Realty. To support this claim the author cites statistics about the number and working hours of agents, and the number and sales prices of homes sold by the two farms. Further, the author cites anecdotal evidence involving personal experience with Fitch and Adams. A careful analysis reveals that this evidence lends little credible support for the argument.
【本段结构】
本段采用了标准的Argument开头段结构,即C—E—F的开头结构。段落首先概括原文的Conclusion,接下来概括原文为支持其结论所引用的一系列Evidence,最后给出开头段到正文段的过渡句,指出原文的Flaw,即其Evidence不能为其结论提供可靠的支持。
【本段功能】
本段作为Argument开头段,具体功能就在于发起攻击并概括原文的结论,即Adams不动产公司要优于Fitch不动产公司。本段接下来分布列举了原文为支持其结论所引用的证据——这两家公司所拥有经纪人的数目和工作时间、二者所售出的住宅的数量和价格、以及与两家公司接触的个人经历等等。这些信息的归纳为正文段中即将进行的具体攻击作出铺垫。
The claim is partially based on the fact that Adams has more agents than Fitch and that many of Fitch’s agents work only part-time. There is no correlation between the number of employees, their working hours, and the quality of their work. Without such a link, we could consider the possibility that a smaller firm could be more effective than a larger one and, likewise, that a part-time agent could be more effective than a full-time agent. Besides, the author does not provide any information about the specific number of Adams agents who work part-time.
【本段结构】
本段采用了标准的Argument正文段结构,即:概括第一个逻辑错误的错误类型和其在原文中出现的位置,接下来给出合理的理由和他因来反驳原文。
【本段功能】
本段作为正文第一段,攻击原文所犯的第一个重要逻辑错误——相关性错误。原文的论点部分建立在Adams的经纪人数目更多并且Fitch的很多经纪人仅兼职工作这一事实上。然而,一个较小规模的公司可能会比一个较大规模的公司效率更高;同理,一位兼职的经纪人也可能会比一位全职的经纪人工作效率更高。另外,原文作者并没有对Adams的兼职经纪人的具体数目提供更多信息。
The claim is also supported by the fact that Adams sold more properties than Fitch last year. One year of sales records is an insufficient sample. It is possible that in most other years Adams could have sold fewer properties than Fitch. Moreover, the disparity in sales volume could be explained by factors other than the comparative quality of the two firms. For example, perhaps Adams serves a denser geographic area or in an area where turnover in home-ownership is higher for reasons unrelated to Adams’ effectiveness. It is even possible that the only reason sales volume is higher at Adams is because the company employs more agents but, perhaps, each Adams agent sells fewer homes on average than each Fitch agent does. Without ruling out such alternative explanations for the disparity in sales volume, the author cannot defend the conclusion based on such scant evidence.
【本段结构】
本段采用了标准的Argument正文段结构,即:概括第二个逻辑错误的错误类型和其在原文中出现的位置,接下来给出合理的理由和他因来反驳原文。
【本段功能】
本段作为正文第二段,攻击原文中出现的第二个重要逻辑错误——调查类错误+因果类错误。除上一段中提到的论据外,原文所依赖的另一论据是Adams去年比Fitch售出了更多的房产这一事实。然而,仅仅一年的销售数据是一个不充分的样本——可能在大多数其它年份里Adams的房产销售量均低于Fitch的房产销售量。进一步,本段指出两家公司房产销售量之间的差异可以被这两家公司的相对竞争力之外的其它可能因素所解释,并随后提出了两种其它的可能解释。最后,本段指出作者在没有排除这些其它可能解释之前是不能利用如此缺乏的证据对其结论进行辩护的。
Support for the claim is also drawn from the average sales price of homes. This evidence only illustrates that the homes that Adams sells are more valuable on average than the ones that Fitch sells, not that Adams is more effective in selling homes than Fitch. Moreover, it is possible that a few relatively high-priced or low-priced properties skewed these averages, rendering any conclusions about the comparative quality of the two firms based on these averages irrelevant.
【本段结构】
本段采用了标准的Argument正文段结构,即:概括第三个逻辑错误的错误类型和其在原文中出现的位置,接下来给出合理的理由和他因来反驳原文。
【本段功能】
本段作为正文第三段,攻击原文中出现的第三个重要逻辑错误——因果类错误+平均值错误。在原文中,对两家不动产公司房产平均销售价的比较也为原文论点提供了支持。然而,这一证据仅能说明Adams所售房产平均而言比Fitch所售房产的价值更高,而并不能说明Adams的售房效率比Fitch更高。进一步,本段指出房产售价的平均值可能会受到个别售价相对较高或较低的房产的影响,因此基于这些平均值所得出的任何关于这两家不动产公司品质比较的结论均是不相干的。
GRE issue写作优秀实例:全球化
题目:
With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of the society -- including education, politics, the arts and the sciences -- will benefit greatly from international influences.
随着全球网络在经济和通讯等领域中的发展,毫无疑问,社会的各个领域——包括教育、政治、、艺术和科学——都会从国际影响中获益匪浅。
正文:
I fundamentally agree with the contention in the title statement that, with the growth of global network in many areas, every aspect will benefit from international influences more or less. However, the continually appearing harmful byproducts of globalization,though maybe not so disturbing right now, calls for a more comprehensive and balanced view in which the positive and negative influences are both considered.
Admittedly, globalization is a process leading to improving productivity in increasing national welfare in every country who participates in it. As David Ricardo, one of the most important economist of the Classical Political Economics, brilliantly illustrated as the famous Law of Comparative Advantage, ”Even if one nation is less efficient than other countries in every commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade,when every nation keep producing commodity in which its comparative advantage (presenting as comparative price in a monetary society) is greater and exchange with other countries for other products.“ Nowadays, not only has this principle been proved right in economic area, but in culture, politics, education and social spheres, it becomes a fundamental rule and primary notion based on which the policies are established. Thus the idea is widely accepted that material progress and well-being of one country will do good to that of others.
However, when we enjoy the advantages of the globalization, there are still many disconcerting phenomenon along with this process. First of all, more and more multinationals from developed countries locate their manufacturing departments, which produce much pollution, in developing countries like Thailand, Vietnam and China, while leave their Research&Development sectors at home for some cost-saving reasons. But this aggregates the environmental deterioration and industry structure laggard in the developing countries. In other words, people in these countries will suffer the potential dangers from international influences.
In addition, too rapid globalization help deracinate some cultures in powerless position.As an example, in China, fewer and fewer children and youth are interested in the Chinese Opera, not to say take it as a career. Their most favorite singers are Branny Spears and Robby Williams who are popular all over the world. But, can you simply conclude that R&B and Rap music is of more values to the young people in China than the Chinese Opera that has a history of over years? Actually, though energy- and time-consuming, it is one of the most important responsibilities, as a member of the society, to protect those ancient cultures from being bogged down in the Sargasso sea of modern culture when we keep on with the globalization.
Finally, the loss of intelligence is another dilemma confronted by developing countries in these days. Whether supported by national scholarship or self-financed, many students from these countries maintain a further education in western countries.Nevertheless, when they find satisfying job opportunities, they will probably not go back and work for their motherland. Unfortunately, this part of students is always among the most intelligent human resources of the country, who are supposed to be the main force to construct the country. This kind of destruction to a society can even not be measured by money.
2.GRE阅读提高技巧 篇二
GRE阅读提高技巧2:记录新概念/事件/人物
GRE阅读的pre-knowledge到底有没有用?对于这点,很多老师和学生的看法都不太相同,考虑到GRE阅读有两个难点:句子晦涩难懂和做题时间非常有限,一遍必须读懂,
3.GRE阅读高频题型应对技巧 篇三
GRE阅读如何准确定位主题句?
和国内学生写文章不一样,美国人的阅读文章中从来都不出现“I think that,in my opinion,as far as I am considered”此类语言做主题句。通常来说主题句有以下两种形式:
1. 判断句(含情态动词,系动词,正负褒贬词的句子);
2. 概括文章将来结构。
GRE阅读主题句寻找技巧分享
以这句话为例:Your minds changed my attitude. 这句话中并没有情态动词和系动词,因此这句话自然不是判断句,也就不是主题句。但只要在这句话中加入一个正负褒贬词,即一个词表明作者的态度或观点的词即是判断句了。比如,Your minds successfully changed my attitude即是判断句了。
另外,如果一个句子不是判断句,只要它能够概括文章将来结构,及文章后面会从哪几个方面来说明,也是主题句。比如,People are living longer now. 这句话一定不是主题句,而如果这句话是,People are living longer now since the improvement of food condition and the development of medical technology.这句话即是主题句了。因为它概括了文章后面会从哪几个方向来进行说明。
应对主旨题细节题需学会找准主题句
如果考生在新GRE阅读题中掌握好了主题句判断方法,很多文章便可以很快把握文章的结构框架,帮助后面文章的理解。
比如一篇文章的开头是,Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive, but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First, the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second, the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root.
第一句是明显的判断句,即为主题句。而主题句也同时概括了文章的将来结构,即会从“M真菌影响力很强”和“M真菌过去由于两个原因没有得到广泛研究”。下面马上看到了first和second,我们即知道这两个很难读懂的句子无非是两个原因使得M真菌没有得到广泛研究而已,具体是哪两个原因,我们几乎可以忽略不读。
综上所述,在做GRE阅读时,快速准确发现主题句的方法和技巧是非常实用的,对于提升阅读文章速度和解决许多耗时题型都有很大帮助,因此小编希望大家都能学会掌握和运用这种技巧,提高解答阅读题的效率,减轻严格考试时间带来的应试压力。
GRE阅读提高默读速度有技巧
想读得快,咱先得看看人是咋读书的。这叫追根溯源,由道及术,圣人之道也。人的读书过程是一个左右脑配合的过程——左脑负责集中注意把焦点放到一个或数个单词上,右脑负责周边注意(余光,当然叫旁光更亲切一些,尤其是军训时教官让我们集中注意向前看,并且用旁光与边上的同学对齐时)。好的阅读者会在读书时让左右脑充分协调配合(军训的教官真有先见之明让我们大一就开始练英文阅读了!)
读书时在脑子中有两种过程——默读(subvocalisation)和思维之流(stream of thoughts)。默读速度比较慢,在克服默读的过程中你要达到临在的状态——即充分的意识和放松,认识到自己那虚伪的自我感(这点东西可以算是心灵哲学的内容吧,如果有兴趣可以看看克里希那穆提的著作或俄克里特托利的《修炼当下的力量》,没有什么复杂的东西,关键说白了就是四个字:放松意识)。
读是一个学习(或者说认知)的过程,是符号信息与读者内心感受的交互。它要求有适当的逻辑与积极的思考(要不然还怎么交互??)
大致分为以下几个步骤:
1、Recognition:文字识别
2、Assimilation:物理输入
3、Intra-integration:字面理解
4、Extra-integration:内涵理解(别想歪了!)
5、Retention:记忆
6、Recall:回忆
7、Communication:默读与一词一词地读(简称小学读法)的最大缺点有二(这还叫最大吗?算了,都挺大的)1、慢!2、容易走神(小时候妈妈老是骂我不好好看书,现在终于找到原因了!要是你看书跟看电视似的过瘾谁不好好看书?嗯,看完本书你就可以像看电视一样地看书了,别忘了以后有了孩子再教给它,家里能省不少电费)
克服默读(往往伴随着回读过频)之后,你的阅读能力理论上可以提高五倍,大多数人可以做到每分钟看1000个单词。虽然小丁我至今没感受到(我昨天花了俩钟头看完了原著,稍微把里边的练习试了一下,只觉得提高了一倍)。
The Eye and its Movements先说眼,咱不是生物书,就不具体介绍眼球结构了。但是有一个概念是不得不提的,那就是中央窝(fovea),它在视网膜上,负责视觉注意力的集中。也就是,你现在注意看啥,它在视网膜上的投影就在中央窝上。现在说重点——眼的运动。
这不是一个平滑的过程,而是一停一停的。你的阅读过程是一次一次注意的连接,而在两次注意之间的转移过程中你的大脑是不做任何识别工作的。意识到这个过程并对此加以训练就足以大大提高你的阅读速度了。当然,注意只是投影到中央窝的视觉,那么余光呢?眼睛能看到余光中的单词,却无法清楚地识别。
这部分视觉可以引导大脑把注意力移动到合适的位置。阅读达人在读书时只把注意力放在每行的中部,而用余光粗略浏览边上的单词看是否和自己猜的一样(这一点小生现在实在没法做到,说白了就是把阅读变成了超级句子填空了嘛,不知道十年之后当GRE成为往事时是否能做到...)。
提高遇到速度方法如下:
1、找一个没有思想深度,遣词造句比较简单的阅读材料,比如休闲杂志、消遣小说之类的(注:平时用TS法,当遇到无法理解的句子时大脑会自动调节为SB法,注意感受这一过程有助于提高阅读能力)
2、找一个没有人的屋子——绝对不能再自习室进行这一步,否则你真会被别人当成SB——然后大声数数,从一到十、再从一到十(书上说,断续发eee...eee...eee...的音也可以,真是不为SB誓不罢休),在这个过程中试着阅读。大脑控制SB与控制喉咙是同一个分区,当你数数时就占用了这个分区,使大脑无法SB。
3、当你可以熟练地做2时,可以在心中默数,这时就可以回自习室而不必担心被看成SB了。
4、当可以做3时就努力提高阅读速度,当超过每分钟360个词时,由于速度过快就会进入一个抑制SB的良性循环。
5、针对高手,还可以加入除了TS之外的自己的思想补充文本内容使自己在阅读时身临其境。
6、直到有一天,你发现自己已经可以明确区分SB与TS并自由选择。最后你的浏览速度可以达到词每分钟。
ETS公布GRE阅读选项原则
1. 正确选项:
(1)同义变换 。即将原文中的某一句话用另一种说法表达,也就是英文中的paraphrase。如将文章中的“many wind-pollinated species fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail.”换成选项中的“Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little wind”。
其中包括三种类型:变换同义词,变换句型,变化同根词的词性。以下分别论述,请注意表格中的斜体字。
2.错误选项:
对于GRE阅读文章中更大量的错误选项,ETS也形成了一套固定的规则。以下笔者就用实例来说明错误选项编制的规则:
(1)混偏反无。
1)混: 此类选项的错误可以形象地概括为:“张冠李戴”。 如下例:
文章:“...unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses”
GRE阅读考试题目:The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to
(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm
(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses (本题问大公司如果没有使投标转化为订单将引起什么结果。而这恰恰是小公司的特点。)
(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government
(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors
(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts
2)偏: 意即选项中所包含的逻辑范畴与原文不符。包括”以偏概全“ 以及”以全概偏”。请看下文:
Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a Black community. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine’s development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by exploring how male and female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn was influenced by the materialism of White America. By placing characters within a wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes and paved the way for explorations of race, class, and gender in the novels of the 1970’s.
GRE阅读题目:The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) comparing the works of three Black American authors
(B) describing common themes in Black American literature
(C) discussing an important work in Black American literature
(D) providing insights about Black American literature in the early twentieth century
(E) providing historical information about the writing of Black American novels in the second half the twentieth century
分析:此文描述并评价了美国黑人文学史上一部优秀的著作。而其中的D,E选项中的“Black American literature”以及“the writing of Black American novels”无疑扩大了原文的逻辑涵盖的范围,即属于“以全概偏”。于是不予选择。
3)反: 即选项中的内容与文章内容相反。
文章:“....Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a black community......”
题目:
According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they
(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives
(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century
(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels
(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture
(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women
分析:从文章中得知:“马歇尔已经摆脱了抗议小说所一贯描绘的受压迫并且带有悲剧色彩的女主人公形象”。但是B选项却说道:“马歇尔深深地受到二十世纪早期抗议小说的影响”,明显与原文意思相反。
再如:
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being
(A) completely different from novels written before 1959
(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century
(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it
(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today
(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s
分析:C选项“与之前的抗议小说类似” 与原文意思相反。而B选项的“深受二十世纪早期小说的影响”从文章无法推测出。
4)无:即 提到文章中未涉及的内容。由于此种选项编制容易,并且ETS一厢情愿地认为此种迷惑手段非常高明。因此,此类错误选项在GRE阅读的错误选项中数量众多。请各位考生紧记:凡基于文章内容无法推测出的选项必然错误。
还是上文:
题目:
According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they
(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives
(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century
(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels
(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture
(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women
分析:从文章中得知:“马歇尔与另外两位的的共同点在于他们都把小说聚焦于一位普通的黑人女性对自己身份的追求,当然故事是以一个黑人社会为背景”。其中的A选项“未研究百人文化对角色生活所带来的影响”文章从未涉及。
再如:
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being
(A) completely different from novels written before 1959
(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century
(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it
(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today
(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s
分析:D选项“二十世纪50年代末期重要,但是今天过时了”文章从未涉及。
(3) 含有强调性语言(最高级、唯一性和比较级)的选项
ETS会随意地在选项中加入一些极端语言来编制错误选项。集中表现为含有最高级,唯一性以及比较级的词汇。换句话说,含有这三类词汇的选项错误的几率很高。具体说:
1)最高级词汇:best , the most important, the least useful, uttermost, foremost, uppermost, always ,never, often, usually,primarily,primary,exact(ly),complete(ly) . entire(ly) absolute(ly) extremely, unmitigated . unrestrained . unchecked. first等
2)唯一性词汇:only, alone, exclusively, sole(ly), unique(ly)
3)比较级词汇:more useful than, less beneficial than, better , worse than ,as ..as, the same with, similar to 等等。
还是以上两例:
According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they
(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives
(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century
(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels
(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture
(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women
分析:此处的D选项和E选项中的“primarily”以及“exclusively”都属于比较极端的词汇。
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being
(A) completely different from novels written before 1959
(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century
(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it
(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today
(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s
分析:此处的A选项中的“completely” 也属于比较极端的词汇。
(4) 违反“论据集中”原则:
即此类选项试图使用非定位处的信息回答问题。此类选项极具迷惑性,因为这些错误的选项在文章中确实被提及过,可是由于与问题回答无关因此不予选择。
请看下例:
“No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the(E) mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by(B) temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a (D)back-coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.
On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the (C)Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. ”
【题】The author refers to a “conveyor belt” in order to
(A)illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle
(B)show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continents
(C)demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
(D)describe the complicated motions made possible by back coupling
(E)account for the rising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges
4.GRE词汇自然记忆技巧指点 篇四
1. 自然记忆没有显性的记忆过程
也就是说,我们在记忆过程中不会专门做“背”这个动作,这一点显然和“背”单词的做法是相矛盾的。日常生活中很多例子可以体现自然记忆的这种特征。比如,我们记忆一个人的长相的时候,就从来没有专门“背”过;我们记住自己家住在什么地方的时候,也从来没有“背”过。
2. 自然记忆的结果不容易丧失
在我们所记住的东西中,凡是难以忘记的,几乎都是自然记忆的结果,比如小时候发生的若干事情,平时看过的电视剧情节,父母曾经跟我们说过的话等。相反,机械记忆的结果是很容易丢失的,比如我们经常忘记刻意记过的某条路怎么走,我们也经常忘记专门背诵的某些课文或者诗歌,无论它们是用中文写的还是英文写的。按照这样的特征,我们只需要在单词记忆过程中也尽量模拟自然记忆过程就可以了。
模拟自然记忆的过程非常容易,基本的原则只有一条,就是高频率重复。所有的电视广告都是使用了这种原则很好地实现了自然记忆的过程。所以,在单词记忆的过程中,最有效的办法也是同样的高频率重复。
如何让GRE背单词也成为自然记忆?
1. 使用零散的时间记忆单词
很多同学都喜欢用大段的时间来背单词,但是事实上这么做的效果并不好。首先,大段时间背单词实际上是一种“显性”的单词记忆过程,它已经不是自然记忆的方法。其次,长时间进行枯燥的单词记忆容易造成催眠效应,以至于背单词的时候很容易犯困。第三,每天大量的零散时间不能用于完成“不可拆分”的任务,实际上全部被浪费掉了,而用于处理单词的时间记忆这种可以拆分的任务则正好。因此,小编的建议是根据自己的实际情况总结一下自己每天的零散时间,用若干个5-10分钟的时间段来替代过去的整块时间。这样不仅可以实现单词的自然记忆过程,还能提高学习效率。任何时间、任何地点,只要有空闲就可以看单词,不用在意这段时间有多长,也不用在意这个地方是否是安静的教室。
2. 尽量以10-15天为周期重复所有单词
很多同学把背单词的周期拉得过长,以至于背了后面忘了前面,甚至有很多我们认为已经“记住”的单词在背完整本书背完以后仍然被遗忘了。所以,正确的做法应该是:尽量在记忆衰减前加强对已经看过的单词进行重复,以强化它们在大脑中的印象,而10-15天正好是记忆衰减的周期。我们可以按照需要记忆的单词总量进行划分,得到每天要看的单词量。通常,如果需要记忆的单词总量是5000的话,那么每天应该把单词量限制在不少于400-600。
俞敏洪GRE词汇
prone a俯卧的;倾向于…的
pronounced a强硬的,明显的
prop n支撑物,靠山;v支持
propagate v繁殖;传播
propagation n繁殖
propel v推进
propeller n螺旋桨;推进器
propensity n嗜好,习性
prophecy n预言
prophet n先知,预言家 37
prophetic a先知的,预言的,预示的
propitiate v讨好;抚慰
propitious a吉利的;顺利的
proposal n提案,建议
proposition n看法;提议
proprietary a私有的
propriety n礼节;适当
propulsion n推进力
prosaic a单调的,无趣的
proscribe v禁止
prose n散文
prosecute v告发,检举
prosecution n起诉;实行,经营
proselytize v使…皈依
prospect v勘探;n期望;前景
prosperity n繁荣;幸运;健康
prosperous a繁荣富强的
prostrate a俯卧的;沮丧的;v使下跪鞠躬
protagonist n提议者,支持者
protean a变化多端的,多变的
protest v/n抗议,反对
protocol n外交礼节;协议,草案
prototype n原型;典型
protract v延长,拖长
protuberance n凸出,隆起
protuberant a突出的,隆起的
provenance n(艺术等的)出处,起源
provender n(牛马吃的)草料,粮秣
provident a深谋远虑的;节俭的
俞敏洪GRE词汇
punctilious a谨小慎微的
puncture v刺穿,刺破n刺孔,穿孔
pundit n权威人士,专家
pungent a味道刺激的;苛刻的
puny a弱小的,发育不良的
purchase n支点(阻止东西下滑)
purgative n泻药
purgatory n炼狱;受苦受难的地方
purge v清洗,洗涤
purify v使洁净,净化
purity n纯洁,纯净;纯度
purlieu n(常作复数)邻近地区
purloin v偷窃
purported a谣传的,声张的,号称的
pursue v追赶,追求,追踪
purvey v(大量)供给,供应
pusillanimous a胆小的
pylon n高压电线架;桥塔
pyre n火葬用的柴堆
quack n冒充内行之人;庸医
quaff v痛饮,畅饮
quail v畏惧,颤抖
quaint a离奇有趣的
qualified a有资格的;有限制的
qualms n疑虑
quandary n困惑,进退两难
quantum n量子;定量
quarantine n隔离检疫期,隔离
quarry n猎物
quartet n四重奏,四重唱
quash v镇压;取消
quaver v发颤音,颤抖;n颤音
quay n码头
quell v制止,镇压
quench v熄灭(火);抑制(欲望)
querulous a抱怨的,多牢骚的
quest v搜寻,探求;n探求
queue v排队;n长队
quibble n遁词;吹毛求疵的反对意见
5.GRE填空解题关键性技巧 篇五
GRE填空真实考点细节分析
要知道哪些错误可能导致填空扣分,首先大家必须了解词汇在GRE填空部分到底发挥了怎样的作用?
01词汇为填空主要考点
首先需要明确一点,GRE填空的主要考点的确是词汇。GRE考试的词汇量要求一直很高。旧GRE时代就已经有了过万的词汇要求。而新GRE考试虽说对词汇量的要求有所降低,但又增加了不少关于词义辨析、同义近义词掌握等相关性的拓展要求。而体现出这些要求的主要题型正是GRE词汇。因此,把词汇当成GRE填空部分的主要考点,这本身并没有什么问题。
02词汇并非填空唯一考点
6.gre考试填空技巧要知道 篇六
新gre填空技巧介绍,GRE填空题通常都是信息量充足型的,GRE考试也就是题目的信息恰好是可以选出新GRE填空题目空缺的信息(相对来说阅读是信息量过剩型,而类反是信息量缺乏型,数学则是信息量不对称型的。出题人挖掉的空白处正好体现了出题人的思路,留下的句子组成的逻辑线索反映了出题人的思想。因此,掌握了出题人的想所,一定是能推理出正确答案的。如此说来,解决GRE填空就是让考生通过GRE填空题目给出的线索,破出出题人的思路。那么新gre填空的资料很多,大家也可以参照这来学习,技巧就在下面了。
gre填空考试方法1.判断句子之间的逻辑关系
gre考试填空考察的就是整体逻辑语言的能力,考生的任务就是找出句子成分间的逻辑关系,并选择一个合理且必然的选项。句子成分间的逻辑关系对解题起着至关重要的作用,它们常常由一些明显的关键词提示。
最重要的几种逻辑关系
因果关系:because, in that, for, therefore, thus, accordingly, consequently, hence, given, so…that, so…as to, when…then, as long as, in order to……
转折关系:albeit, but, although, despite, however, in spite of, nevertheless, notwithstanding, while, whatever, regardless, even though, even if, yet……
对比关系:in contrast, on the contrary, far from, on the other hand, rather than, instead of, not…but, paradoxically, ironically, surprisingly, unexpectedly……另外还有时间的不同体现相反的关系等等。
GRE句子填空方法2.寻找句子内部的重复线索
新GRE填空的句子常出现陌生的专业术语,gre填空技巧,gre考试培训晦涩的思想观点等,但对解题并不构成真正的障碍。因为题目本身往往提供了足够的内容的重复线索帮助你找到正确的答案。
e.g.
Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions between innocence and criminality, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were popular precisely because they offered the audience a world _____ of _____.
A. bereft theatricality
B. composed adversity
C. full circumstantiality
D. deprived polarity
E. devoid neutrality
GRE考试的题目主干要我们填Melodramas提供给观众一个怎样的世界,同时又告诉我们它们表现了无辜与罪恶,美德与堕落之间的刻板对立,所以我们不需要知道Melodramas是什么东东就可以判断它们提供给观众的是一个刻板对立的世界,五个选项中只有E选项“全无中立的世界”表达了这个意思。
GRE句子填空方法3.判断语气和感情色彩
有时,通过正常的阅读去理解句子比较难且费时间。但是用感情色彩去判断,处理起来就变得比较方便。
e.g.
Johnson never _____ to ignore the standards of decent conduct mandated by company policy if _____ compliance with instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so, whatever the effects on his subordinates.
A. designed tacit
B. attempted halfhearted
C. intended direct
D. scrupled literal
E. wished feigned
句子的意思比较令人费解,但是从句末whatever the effects on his subordinates(不管对他的下级产生怎样的影响)看,我们知道Johnson做的是一件不好的事情。
从第一个空格看,五个选项只有D的scrupled填入表达这样的意思。总结起来,判断逻辑关系,寻找重复关系,判断语气及感情色彩这三步熟练的结合运用,几乎能解决所有的填空问题。
GRE填空出题思路两道题就看透
接点地气,说点通俗易懂的,GRE考试考的是什么:考的是逻辑,再简单一点:这个学生基本的推理能力怎么样。
接下来,怎么考,继续说的白话一点:考你正反义词知不知道。举个例子,问:“好” 的同义词是啥?答案没有任何技术含量:“优秀”;“好” 的反义词是啥?答案同样不费脑子:“不好”。
好了,你明白这两点之后基本GRE填空的大门你就已经打开了。
ETS当然不能把题目设置成这个样子的,没有什么特别的原因:就是显得low。(最早的GRE考试是设置有这种类型题的,问A单词和以下哪个单词构成了同义或者反义,然后几个选项一字排开,你选吧。这种题型完全没有任何技术含量,因为我们中国同学超级超级擅长一门绝活:背单词!)所以GRE考试改革之后这种老题型全部被砍掉,取而代之的是现在下面这种考察方式(别怕,看下去,换汤不换药):
一号例子:
因为你的书多
所以你的知识渊博
稍微解释一下:
“因为……所以”这一对词,提示了我们逻辑方向前后两句话是同向的,换句话说,就是一个意思。“书”就对应了“知识”,是一对语义的替换,换句话说,就是一个意思。“多”和“渊博”是一对语义的对应,同义。“多”或者“渊博”其中一个词被挖掉,我们只能选择一个同义词。
二号例子:
虽然你的车很帅
但是你的人很坏
同样解释一下:
“虽然……但是”这一对词,提示了我们逻辑方向前后两句话是反向的,换句话说,意思正好是相反的。“你的车” 就对应了 “你的人”,是一对语义的替换,换句话说,就是一个意思。“帅” 和 “坏” 是一对反义词。“帅”或者“坏”其中一个词被挖掉,我们只能选择一个反义词。
看完上面两个例子,总结一下:
为了考察考生逻辑是否正常,灵活,ETS就把像上面“多”/“渊博”或者“帅”/“坏”之类的同反义词埋在了填空题目里面。题目中常常伴以大量无用的干扰解题的信息,不少同学恰恰就陷入了思考的误区,去关注这些无用的单词,琢磨这些无用的句义。
所以同学们经常出现这种问题:知道题目里面所有单词词意的情况下,还是做不对。更不用说没有完全看明白句子的情况了。
你不是选择同反义词,就是在选择同反义词的路上。
针对问题,我们再来看看下面的例题2:
2. The ability to reproduce 复制 in her paintings the supple 灵活的 and shapely 锐利的 lines of her great-grandfather’s paintings seems to have ______ her the way a particular cast of mind 性情 might be perpetuated 延续 in another family.
A. devolved upon 交给
B. become occluded in 变得闭塞
C. ebbed in 衰退
D. strengthened 巩固
E. confounded 混淆
不少同学读完这道题经常是发现完全无从下手。句义?真的没有你想象的那么重要。试着问问自己,语义对应做到位了吗?
试着解释一下:
①一个人的绘画风格其实就是一个人的特有的性情特点:她的曾祖父的画作的灵活的线条(the supple and shapely lines of her great-grandfather’s paintings)对应的就是后面的a particular cast of mind(一种特有的性情),语义对应
②一个人的某种能力其实就是一个人完成某事的方式,方法:“能力”(theability)对应的是the way(绘画的方式)
③复制某一事物其实就是让这种事物延续下来,对不对?那么:“复制”(reproduce)就是对应的后面的“延续”(perpetuate)
这道题目的语义对应请大家看一下为大家做的句子的标注(相同的字体格式相互对应):
The ability to reproduce in her paintings the supple and shapely lines of her great-grandfather’s paintings seems to have ______ her the way a particular cast of mind might be perpetuated in another family.
简化下来就是the ability to do sth. ____ her the way of doing sth. 就是:一个人有做某种事情的能力____了她做事情的方式,非常容易理解→一个人有做某种事情的能力 “赋予,给予” 了她做事情的方式。
答案也就自然而然地出来了,选择A 交给。
二战GRE备考建议—填空基础篇
尚未开始备考的同学可以先略过此篇,先阅读考试知识科普类文章,等备考一段时间后再根据自己的情况,进行参考对照。
本文最初旨在从填空的角度(Text Completion + Sentence Equivalence),对一战语文分位于不同区间的同学进行能力分析,并提出备考建议。
但从笔者的角度看来,单纯通过分数进行划分并不科学,因为151、152分的同学也可能具有<150分同学的学习特征;156分的同学和154分的同学能力并没有明显差距;而159分的同学可能完全有160+的实力。
因此最后分为“基础篇”和“进阶篇”,分别进行不同阶段问题点的梳理并提出相应的备考建议,请各位同学在阅读时多关注文章里对于学习时间、备考程度、做题习惯、英语能力等维度的描述,是否符合自己的情况,而不要简单通过考试分数进行对号入座。
1.学习时间
首先,但凡没有考到自己目标分数的同学,一定是自己投入的学习时间和自己的英语能力基础不!匹!配!要么起点太低,要么目标太高,要么时间太短。
ETS官方从未给出整个GRE学习流程所需的确切时间(当然因为考生基础差异和目标分数差异确实也不好估算),但根据经济学人GRE板块里的建议,GRE整体的备考时长应在60-200小时左右,平均分布在3-4个月,也就是每周需要投入的时间为4-10小时。
请注意这是针对native speaker的标准,对于中国考生,尤其是一战分数<150分的基础一般的同学,还需要额外花大量的时间去提升自己的词汇量(托福的词汇量要求是8000-1,但是有人是8000去考,有人12000去考,当然也不乏6000就上了考场的),整体时间只多不少,所以每天再加上1.5小时的背单词时间绝不过分,于是整体备考时间最长会接近400小时。
如果平均每天投入2小时,就是6个月的时间,如果每天投入3小时,就是4个月的时间。
典型案例
· 进班时就被GRE单词和长难句震得一脸迷茫,同时又被密集的寒暑假课程安排折腾得筋疲力尽,下课后没有足够的时间和精力回顾吸收课堂内容,最后刚结课一两个星期就去参加了考试,整体课后投入的时间可能还不到50小时。
学习建议
· 根据自身实际情况,每天或每周留出固定的GRE学习时间(每周不低于10小时),没有足量的且规律的投入,就不会有对应的产出。
2.词汇能力
对于语文部分,填空是重中之重,因为相对于Reading Comprehension中的长阅读和逻辑单题来说,填空题干部分难度明显较低,短期内准备可以收到明显成效;
对于填空部分,单词又是重中之重,Text Completion部分的1-2道单空题和4道Sentence Equivalence最主要就是对于单词的考察,所以只要将单词背好,每个section 10道填空题里做对7道并非遥不可及。
典型案例
· stem可能认识茎干的意思,exasperate、monolithic、exalt眼熟但想不起来,phlegmatic、zenith感觉没见过;
· 只记得temper=脾气、betray=背叛、list=名单、calculated=计算的,并且需要15-30秒时间回忆思考;
· 完全想不起来该单词的近义词,但放在六选二的选项里可能联想出来;
· 根据《GRE词汇一本通》,牢记其中标注的熟词僻义、及每个单词后的近义词(如有);
——如果题目本来会做,但是因为GRE里考察的意思不知道而做错了,是非常可惜的
——对近义词的背诵,第一如果在考场上真的遇到,就大大降低了做题的难度并省出了时间;即使没有遇到,也从英文语境增进了对单词本身的理解。
注:具体背单词的方法请参考冷楠老师之前的文章,不再赘述
3.语法分析能力
典型案例
· 做题时找不到主谓宾结构;
· 分析不清主句与从句;
· 极其不适应-ing、-ed或介词短语开头的句子、或存在倒装、强调等结构的句子;
学习建议
· 参考《五年高考三年模拟》《教材完全解读》等高中英语语法书,认真复习当年学过的句子成分和语法结构,其实高中教材里对语法讲得是相当清晰的,我当年也受益良多。
· 分析托福阅读文章中长难句,每周至少2篇,可咨询阅读老师。
· 购买长难句教材自行练习
4.做题速度
典型案例
· 一个填空section 10题即使大多数单词都查完了意思,也大约需要20分钟才能完成,三空题每道题可能想个5分钟依然想不明白每个空应该怎么填
学习建议
做题速度慢,无非是三个原因:
· 不认识的单词太多;
· 看不懂的句子太多
——这两点在2和3中已经做过解答
· 好的阅读习惯没有养成;
——在单词和语法本身不构成障碍的前提下,阅读的快慢就是习惯问题。
我们从书店随机抽一本畅销书,有的人可以1个小时读完,有的人3个小时才能读完,因人而异。
但因为GRE考试时间极其紧张,填空部分必须在10-12分钟内完成,所以习惯迅速阅读的人就会更占优势。
这点其实很好解决,无非是多读英文外刊及文章,同时做限时的阅读练习,逼着自己习惯这一设定。
同时向阅读老师咨询方法,学会带着问题去读文章,可以有效地节省下很多时间。
总结
对于在基础篇找到各种共鸣的同学而言,目前的当务之急就是以下四点:
(1)将单词背到熟极而流,四六级单词和托福单词继续带着复习,同时一本通需要背到10遍以上,保证每个单词在看见英文的3秒钟之内就能反应出准确的中文释义
单空题最多1分钟完成,在读题+做题花掉30-45秒的情况下,5个单词总共只有15-30秒时间,即每个单词3-5秒,如果想不起来,就等于不认识
(2)在大量刷题之前,先提升自己划分句子成分、分析句子语法的能力
(3)增加英文外刊阅读量,限时练习做起来
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