英译汉练习（精选5篇）
1.英译汉练习 篇一
《翻译理论与实践》之“英译汉练习”
英译汉练习之一 参考译文
English Invades Chinese Language 字母词时代来临 汉语“纯度”受污染？
Does technology pose a threat to the purity Chinese language? 科技发展威胁到了汉语的“纯度”？
Many Chinese use instant messenger tools such as MSN or QQ, listen to music on MP3 players and log on the Internet using ADSL--most without knowing the literal Chinese translation of the abbreviations.很多中国人使用MSN或QQ等即时通信工具、用MP3听音乐、用ADSL上网，但大多数人都不知道这些英文缩写的中文翻译。
But they don’t have to, as many English letters have become part of the local lexicon.但他们也不一定非得知道，因为很多字母词已成为汉语词汇中的一部分。
A dozen abbreviations including GDP, NBA, IT, MP3, QQ, DVD and CEO are among the 5,000 most-frequently used words in the Chinese-language media last year, according to a report on the 2006 Language Situation in China, which was released yesterday in Beijing.据昨天在北京公布的《中国语言生活状况报告（2006）》显示，去年，GDP、NBA、IT、MP3、QQ、DVD、和CEO等十余个字母词进入中文媒体前5000个高频词之列。
The report said some parents are so keen on English letters that a couple tried to name their baby “@”, claiming the character used in email addresses reflects their love for the child.报告中提到，一些家长也很喜欢英文字母词，一对夫妇想给他们的孩子起名为@，他们说，这个用在电子邮件地址中的符号能体现他们对孩子的爱。
While the “@” is obviously familiar to Chinese e-mail users, they often use the English word “at” to pronounce it-which with a drawn out “T” sounds something like ai ta, or “love him”, to Putonghua speakers.用电子邮箱的人都很熟悉@这个符号，它的发音为英文单词at，拉长“T”的发音后听起来就像是ai ta，用普通话说就是“爱他”。
The study collected more than 1 billion language samples from newspapers, magazines, TV, radio and websites.The annual report is jointly compiled by the Ministry of Education and the State Language Commission.该报告是由教育部和国家语言文字工作委员会联合编撰的。该项调查从报纸、杂志、电视、广播和互联网上收集了10亿多份语言样本。
“Nowadays, more and more English abbreviations are being used in Chinese, making them an important part of the contemporary language,” said Hou Min, a professor at Communication University of China.中国传媒大学的侯敏教授说：“如今，越来越多的英文缩写出现在中文中，它们已成为现代语言中的重要组成部分。”
“The abbreviations have gained popularity because of the ease of usage,” Hou said.侯教授说：“由于这些英文缩写易于使用，所以很受欢迎。”
For example, DNA is much simpler to use than its Chinese version tuoyang hetang hesuan.比如，用DNA比用中文“脱氧核糖核酸”要简单得多。“As more Chinese people learn foreign languages, especially English, in recent years, using abbreviations has become a trend among educated people,” she said.她说：“近年来，越来越多的中国人学习外语，尤其是英语，使用英文缩写已成为受过良好教育的人的一种潮流。”
Some language scholars fear such usage will contaminate the purity of Chinese and cause confusion in communication.一些语言学者担心，这些字母词的使用会污染汉语的纯度，会导致沟通上的混乱。--------------------------
2.学位英语(英译汉) 篇二
★In 1870,horses and mules were the prime source of power on U.S.farms.在1870年，马和骡子是美国农场的主要劳动力来源。
★Those signs include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life.那些信号包括许许多多我们适应日常生活环境的方式。
★Most Americans,however,see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage,and tend to look askance at anyone who marries for a more practical reason in which love plays no part.然而，大多数美国人把浪漫的爱看作是成功婚姻必不可少的组成部分，而且往往蔑视任何为了更实际的理由，而不是为了爱而结婚的人。
★If they can sense colour differences then perhaps we,too,are affected by colour unconsciously.如果他们能够觉察出颜色的差异，那么我们可能也不知不觉地受到颜色的影响。
★People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat,and blood pressure;red is exciting.当人们处于鲜红颜色面前，心跳会加快，血压也会升高；这表明红色令人激动。
★In order to learn to be one’s true self,it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world.要想了解真实的自我，必须深入、广泛的探索前人所说过的话，所做的事情。
★This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the fear and horror surrounding earthquakes,but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake prediction may be possible.数百年来，地震的不可知性给地震蒙上了极大的恐惧和惊慌，然而近几次的地震发生之前已经显露一些迹象。
★The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist’s timekeeping methods.科学观察和计算的精确度常取决于科学家的计时方法。
★In Frederick,students’parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.在Frederick地区，学生家长们出资购买教室用品，并主动为学校第一年的教师和校长们支付所需的各类杂货及水电费，以此来留住他们继续工作下去。
★“Rumors about what’s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed.”said a student.“We wanted to know the truth,and spread that around instead.”一位学生说：“关于这个地区的流言正在以闪电般速度传播着，我们想知道真相，并且传播真相。”
★Yet the waves,no matter how big or how violent,affect only the surface of the sea.然而，不管水波多大、多猛烈，只对海面造成影响。
★In the U.S.,the figure is much higher than in Great Britian,and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan.在美国，这个数字要比英国高得多，每个人将他们收入的百分之十花费在分期付款上。
★The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light lamp bulbs-or even to run a small electric motor-is almost unbelievable,but several kinds of fish are able to do this.鱼产生的电流能点亮电灯——或者甚至能带动小型电动马达——是多么不可思议，但是有些鱼确实可以。
★Engineering studengs are supposed to be examples
of practicality and rationality,but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool.工科的学生往往被看成是实际和理性的榜样，但是就我的大学教育而言，我是一个理想主义者和傻瓜。
★The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school.摆在我面前阻碍我成为一名成功学生的现实就在于工科与文科并不像我在高中时所认为的那样，两者并不是简单地融合在一起。
★When the light reaches the other end,it is first changed into electrical signals,which are in turn converted into sound messages.光到达另一端后，首先转化成电流信号，随后再转化为声音信息。★In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame,not the long hours alone at a typewriter.多数情况下，这些人正梦想着的是财富和名望，而不是在打字机前长时间的工作。★Because we live in a democratic nation,whose citizens make the policies for the nation,large numbers of us must be educated to understand,to support,and when necessary,to judge the work of experts.因为我们生活在一个民主的国家，由公民制定国家的政策，我们中的许多人必须接受教育，学会理解、支持，必要的时候还要判断专家的工作。
★There are many communities and populations which have lost precious recoards due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.在很多地区，相当多的人曾因为一些悲剧事件而失去他们珍贵的资料，如1921年内战期间爱尔兰法庭失火这样的悲剧，又如美国奴隶，对于他们来说就有很多珍贵资料未能够保留下来。
★Theoretically,any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.理论上，有一天任何人都能通过这个资料库查处他或她家族的起源。
★On the contrary,to avoid problems in aerial navigation,the wheelless vehicle probably will travel no more than three inches above road surface.相反，为了避免天线导航，没有轮子的汽车将在离地面不超过3英寸的距离行驶。
★I appeal to you to clarify this issue so that the poor elderly of our city many become aware of the housing benefits for which they qualify.我请求你阐明这个问题，这样我们这个城市里贫穷的老人就可以了解到他们有资格享有住房的津贴。★It was believed that a person was sick because he had been attacked by evil spirits.人们认为生病是遭受恶魔的攻击。
★We are concerned to develop the ability of all our pupils into the full,not just their academic ability.我们关系的是全面充分地发展我们每一位学生的能力，而不仅仅是他们的学习能力。
★We expect our pupils to do their best,not their least,and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.我们期望学生能够不遗余力尽其所能，为达到此目标我们也将给予他们充分的鼓励。
★The wheel is the simplest yet perhaps the most remarkable of all inventions,because there are no wheels in nature---no living thing was ever created with wheels.轮子是最简单的发明，或许也是最伟大的发明，因为自然界原本没有轮子——没有任何生
物是轮子创造的。
★Girls exceed boys in language abilities,and this early linguistic bias often prevails throughout life.女孩在语言能力上胜过男孩，而且这种早期就暴露的语言方面的偏向常常影响终生。
★Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby,but only switched to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time.摩西奶奶小的时候画过些画，之后绘制刺绣图案成了她的爱好。老了以后，她的手指变得僵硬不能缝纫，而她还希望保持忙碌打发时间，就转向油画。★The project provided opportunities for researches from India and abroad to study tigers in the reserves and gather previously unavailable information about their habits.这个方案给印度和国外的研究者提供了机会，使他们可以在保护区内研究老虎，收集以前难以获得的有关老虎习性的资料。
★Land problem is becoming serious and many rural people feel bitter about the fact that some rich forests are reserved for tigers.土地问题变得越来越严重了，令许多农民痛心的是，一些肥沃的森林地区被圈起来，建成了老虎保护区。
★In learning a foreign language,the best beginning is with the non-verbal linguistic elements of the language,its gestures,its body language.学习语言最好从语言的非语言方面、手势和身势语入门。
★Originally the White House was gray and was called the Presidential Palace.最初白宫是灰色的，并且被叫做总统府。
★This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation.这种新的活动包括原先狩猎的一系列行为，而目的已不再是避免饥饿。
★Some scientists say that 16 of these mirrors,each about half a mile across,could aim their reflected light at one area on the earth that was about 200 miles by 300 miles.一些科学家认为可用16面直径为半英里的镜子将反射光照射到地球表面约为60000平方英里的区域。
★What no one knows yet is what effect this artificial daytime would have on plants,animals,and humans.目前，人们还不知道的是这种人造白天对植物、动物和人会有什么影响。
★Still,the fact remains that women are now free to enter any career that attracts them,the situation has improved,and the tide is not likely to turn back.然而，事实上女性如今可以自由选择所喜爱的职业；情况改善了，这一潮流不可能逆转。
★Ford realized he could use this assembly line method to build cars.福特意识到他可以用这种装配线的方法来生产他的汽车。
★At the early attempts,the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growth,a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.在初始阶段海底电缆没能安装成功，当科研人员将电缆运出海面对其进行检修时发现电缆表面长满了瘤状物，这个事实表明海洋深处并不存在生命，这与现代科学见解相佐。
★Studies by the Council of Europe,of which 21 countries are members,have shown that 45 percent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.由21个成员国组成的欧洲委员会的一项研究显示，百分之四十五的爬行物种及百分之二十四的蝴蝶濒临灭绝。
★Dr.Baum went on,“we could manage without most industrial products,but we could not manage without nature.Baum博士继续说道，“没有工业产品我们一样能够生活下去，但脱离了自然我们就无法生存。
★Some critics claim that no excuse is acceptable for not informing subjects about the nature of an experiment and giving them a chance to refuse to participate.一些批评家声称没有任何理由让实验对象在不了解实验性质，没有机会选择拒绝的情况下参与实验。
★He took a trip to southern,and there he found just the weather and scenery he needed to finish his movie.他去加州南部旅行，在那里他恰好发现了要完成他的电影所需的天气和风景。
★Primary and secondary education is financed almost entirely by the state out of central and local tax revenues.中小学几乎全额依靠中央和地方税收拨款。
★The current opinion seems to be that this should include a general knowledge of what computers are,plus a little of their history and something of how they operate.目前的看法似乎是这样的，这必须包括一种关于计算机本身定义的基本知识，还需具备一些计算机的发展历史及其操作知识。
★We effectively use all types of electrical equipment without being able to tell their history or to explain how they work..我们能够有效地使用各种电子设备，而不需要知道它们的历史或者它们是如何工作的。
★At times they even sleep in their van instead of a hotel,just to save money.有时他们甚至在自己的篷车里，而不是在旅馆里睡觉，只是为了省钱。★As a result,these areas send out less heat and light and thus appear from Earth to be almost dark irregular surface patches.这些区域释放的热量和光线较弱，因而从地球上看，表面几乎形成不规则的暗区。★Computer technology enabled the reserchers,to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intellect and emotion,and determine the human character.电脑技术让研究者能准确地测量大脑前部和侧面的容量，它们与智力、情感有关，决定着人的性格。
★The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process,because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may determine whether or not you get the particular job you want.面试是求职过程中一件重要的事情，因为你和面试人一起度过的二三十分钟可能决定你是否能得到你想要的那个工作。
★If possible,you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and when you are ready to complete the paperwork.如果有可能的话，你应在得到一份工作，并且在你做好准备完成日常文书工作后再与雇佣方协商工资问题。
★He is,even today,a symbol of courage and adventure.他即使今天都是勇气和历险的象征。Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary.Henning研究了把英语作为外语学习的学生是如何记词汇的。
★In time,the migration became a habit,and now,although the glaciers have disappeared,the habit continues.迁徙成为一种习惯，现在尽管冰川已经消失，这种习惯仍然继续。
★Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the section beneath.The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in rather higher temperatures than those of December and early January.当积雪的任何一部分太厚，并且与下面的部分不相粘结的话，问题就出现了。过去几星期下的雪在高于十二月到一月份上旬的温度下开始融化。
★The one comfort to recreational skiers,however,is that avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare.No ski resort wants the image of being a death trap.对于度假的滑雪者来说，令人欣慰的是，雪崩事故很少发生在有足迹的滑雪坡上。
★Losing weight is hard work,but most people want to find a fast and easy way to take off fat.减肥是件苦差事，大多数人都想找到一条又快又简单的减肥方法。
★The respect in which he was held was partly owing to the man himself,with his warm friendliness,his good sense,his urbanity,his gay spirits,his artistic integrity,and his love of both the Old World and the New.他受到尊重部分源自其自身，他友好、判断能力强、文雅、开朗、正直，新、旧世界他都热爱。★Kidneys can be conserved in this simple way for 24 to 48 hours with little deterioration,and during this time they can be moved for long distances.用这种简单的方法，肾脏可以保存24到48小时而不会变质，在此段时间里能被转移到很远的地方。
★A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager.很多顾客采用的一个简单又常用的方法是直接向商店经理投诉。
★She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers’ rights.她或他（顾客）会将卖方告上法庭，或者他们会向保护消费者权益的私人或公共机构进行举报。
★In this way,better quality products at good values are continually being brought to the people of all income groups.这样，性价比高的商品可以不断地提供给不同收入层次的人们。
★Bearing in mind the nature of the translator’s work,i.e.,the processing of the written word,it is,strictly speaking,unnecessary that he should be able to speak the languages he is dealing with.牢记翻译者工作的性质，即对书面语进行操作，严格地说，并不要求翻译者一定能够讲他正在翻译的语言。★It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course,though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.学生也可能在学习期间在两所大学交叉学习，尽管这样做并不常见。
★Money laundering is the process by which money obtained by illegal means is given the appearance of legitimate income and returned into circulation.洗钱是将非法途径得来的金钱，在合法收入的掩盖下使之进入流通领域。
★The liberlization of markets around the world and deregulation of exchange controls are regarded as the chief causes of the rapid expansion of the money laundering over the past decade.市场的（过度）自由及对汇率控制的撤销成为过去十年来洗钱活动迅速发展的两大主要原因。
★Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite,so in 1895,just two weeks before his death,he created a found to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contrybutions to mankind.诺贝尔宁愿自己不是作为甘油炸药的发明者而被人们记住，因此，他在1895年去世前的两个星期，创立了一项基金，奖励对人类做出有价值贡献的人们。
★Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese school,yet many students say that after an exam,they forget much of the information that they have memorized.死记硬背是日本学习采用的一种重要的学习方法，然而很多学生反映，考试过后他们就忘记了背过的大部分内容。
★Teach him it is far more honorable to fail than to cheat.教导他失败比作弊要光荣得多。
★Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.因为时尚的变化，衣裳仅仅穿了几次就要被丢到一边。
★Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes,one wonders,reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?有人会想，女性服饰时尚不断发生改变的事实是不是反映出其本身存在的一种变化无常、及不稳定的基本特性呢？
★The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their product’s obvious advantages.尽管产品本身具备显而易见的优势，速溶咖啡的生产者发现他们的产品在市场上严重受阻。
★Many of the centenarians emphasized the importance of being independent and free to do the things they enjoyed and wanted to do,and of maintaining a placid state of mind free from worry or emotional strain.许多百岁老人强调独立自由地做自己想做的事情，远离烦恼和情感压力，保持平静的心态很重要。
★Even if a job is not perfect for you,every interview can make you learn from it.即使某一份工作对你来说并不理想，每个面试都可以让你从中学到些东西。
★People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works usually assume that the past is entirely different from the present,and that hence we can learn nothing worthwhile from the past.那些质疑甚至轻视对过去及先人作品研究的人们通常主观地认为过去与现在是完全不同的，从而得出人们无法从过去获取任何有价值的东西的结论。★We and the ancients share a common human nature and hence certain common human experiences and problems.我们和古人享有共同的人类的天性，因此也会有共同的经历和问题。
★Perhaps the reason is that asvertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer.也许，原因是登广告能让生产者省心，不要去考虑消费者。
★“No mechanism in China requires the recall of cars as it dose in Japan,but Honda decided to replace the rubber connector in order to provide the same service to Chinese consumers”the spokeswoman said.女发言人说：“与在日本不同，中国的机构没有要求召回汽车，但是本田公司决定更换橡胶连接以向中国客户提供同等服务。”
★A survey conducted last year by Roper Starch Worldwide,Inc.,found that almost 70 percent of the respondents said they would be happier if their families had twice as much household income.去年由Roper Starch Worldwide公司所做的一项调查发现，几乎有百分之七十的接受调查者表示如果他们的家庭收入能够再增加一倍，他们会更幸福。
★The publisher was so doubtful,he wanted her to split the publishing costs with him,and all she hoped was that it would make enough money for her to buy a new silk dress.出版商不太确信书出版后一定能够赚钱，他想与作者（Harriet Beecher Stowe）分摊出版费用，而她只是希望能够赚够足够的钱为自己买一条新的丝绸连衣裙。
3.考博英译汉技巧总结 篇三
1.英汉语言的异同
1.1.英语是形合：需要使用连词或者关联词表示各部分的逻辑关系；汉语是意合：句与句之间的逻辑关系“隐含”于上下文之间。如果汉语使用形合句，则显得语气庄重、措辞严谨。
1.2.语序方面，主谓宾的位置比较相似。然而状语、定语的位置有差异。状语：英语可以放在主句前或后，汉语一般放在主句前。状语顺序方面，英语：方式状语+地点状语+时间状语；汉语：时间状语+地点状语+方式状语。定语：汉语大部分在修饰词的前面，英语的状语可以在修饰词的前（形容词）或者后（定语从句）。英语多长句、松散句（中心在句首），汉语多短句、圆周句（中心在句尾）。
1.3.英语中多使用名词，汉语中多使用动词。因此，英语中的名词需要译成动词。
2.词语翻译的五大原则
2.1.转换原则：将具有动词意味的名（形、介、副）词译成动词。
2.2.具体原则：把原文中抽象或者比较抽象的词用较为具体的词进行翻译。2.3.加法原则：增补英语原句中省略的动词或其他省略部分。
2.4.减法原则：英语中的部分不需要翻译【冠词；充当主语的人称代词、作宾语的代词和物主代词；连词（并列连词、复合句中的连词）；介词（表示时间地点的英语介词在句首可省略，句尾不能省略）】。
2.5.重复原则：对上下文出现过的词加以重复的译法。汉语多重复，英语多变化。一是重复省略的名词、动词、代词。二是重复宾语。为了明确，英语的一句话中两个动词共用一个宾语，宾语在第二个动词之后出现一次。而汉语，这样的宾语要在每个动词后分别出现。三是重复名词。两个定语共同修饰一个名词；被定语从句修饰的名词。
3.名词从句的翻译技巧 3.1.主语从句。
主语从句如果以What, Whatever等代词引导，翻译时一般按照原文的顺序进行翻译。如果是以It引导的主语从句，翻译时要把主句的谓语分译成一个独立句，然后再译从句【谓语分译法】。
It goes without saying that oxygen is the most active element in the atmosphere.不言而喻，氧是大气中最活泼的元素。3.2.宾语从句。
由that, what, how引导的宾语从句，汉译时一般按照原文的语序进行翻译。有时可以加“说”字，接着译原文宾语从句的内容。He replied that he was sorry.他回答说，他感到抱歉。
由It作形式宾语的句子，汉译时一般按照原文的顺序译，只是It不译。I made it clear to them that they should have got these holes dug long ago.我和他们说清楚了，他们本来早该把坑挖好了。有时需将that引导的宾语从句提前。I owe it to you that I have got the post.我得到这个职位全靠你。3.3.表语从句：可按照原文顺序进行翻译。3.4.同位语从句。
同位语从句汉译时可以按原文顺序翻译，也可以将同位语从句提前，这要视具体情况而定。有时还可以增加“即”、“这样”或者破折号、冒号。
4.定语从句的翻译技巧
英语中定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句，绝大部分后置。汉语中所有定语均前置。汉语不用长定语。如果英语中的定语从句太长，不宜译成汉语的定语。如果英语中的定语从句短，一般译成汉语的定语。4.1.译成定语。当英语定语从句比较短，译成汉语也不冗长，该从句可以译成汉语中的定语。即“„„的”句式。4.2.重复先行词译出。如果英语的定语从句在意思上同先行词的关系不太密切，而且整个从句用作补充或说明先行词的附加语，或者定语从句套定语从句，可采用重复先行词的译法：按原次序译出，用名词或代词（这、那、其）等代替先行词。当从句中的which和as代表整个主句时，一般都译成并列句，主语用代词（这、那）等代替。
Mechanical energy can be changed into electrical energy, which in turn can be changed into mechanical energy.机械能能转化为电能，电能也可以转化为机械能。（重复名词）
Galileo was a famous Italian scientist by whom the Copernican theory was further proved correct.伽利略是著名的意大利科学家，他进一步证明了哥白尼的学说是正确的。（用代词，汉语多主动）
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporating.液态水变成蒸汽，这就叫蒸发。（which 代整个句子，用代词代替）
4.3.译成状语从句。英语的定语从句，如果在意思上具有主句动作发生的原因、结果、目的、让步、条件等含义，可译成汉语的状语从句。同样可以用名词或代词重复或代替先行词译出。
Einstein, who worked out the famous Theory of Relativity, won the Nobel Prize in 1921.由于爱因斯坦提出了著名的相对论，因此，他于1921年获得了诺贝尔奖。
Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace human.虽然电子计算机有很多优点，但它不能进行创造性工作，也代替不了人。省译关联词。英语的定语从句，如果在意义上作为先行词的陈述部分用来进一步补充说明先行词的具体内容，这时可采用省译关联词的方法，按照原句次序译出。There are a number of drugs that can cause physical and mental trouble.有许多麻醉品会对身心造成伤害。
5.状语从句的翻译技巧
英语中状语从句包括表示时间、地点、条件、让步、原因等各种从句。汉译时要注意两种语言使用状语方面的共同性及其各自的特殊性。一般考虑将状语从句或者状语部分先译，放在主句之前。5.1.时间状语从句
译成相应的时间状语。译成并列分句。
Mr.Smith was arrested when he himself was not aware what crime he had committed.史密斯先生自己还不知道犯了什么罪，人家就把他逮捕了。英语中存在着内容和形式不相一致的情况。有些时间状语从句有时候可以按其逻辑关系译成表示原因、条件、让步等的分句。
The defense lawyer decided to petition for a new trial when they found an important new witness.由于发现了一名新的重要证人，辩护律师决定申请重新开庭审讯。5.2.条件状语从句
译成表示“条件”或者“假设”的分句。译成补充说明情况的分句。
按其逻辑关系转译为表示时间、让步、结果、原因等从句。5.3.让步状语从句
译成表示让步的分句。
译成表示“无条件”的条件分句。5.4.地点状语从句
译成相应的地点状语。
按其逻辑关系，译成表示“条件”的状语。5.5.原因状语从句
译成表示“原因”的分句。译成因果偏正复句中的主句。译成因果关系内含的并列分句。
6.反译法
汉语中表示否定意义的词都含有明显的标志词：不、无、非、勿、未、否、别、没有等。英语更加复杂。除了否定词外，还有否定词缀，如：dis-, il-, in-, non-, un-,-less等、形式肯定、意义否定的各类词语，如：fail, deny, defy, miss, lack, ignore, but, except, beyond.短语：instead of, in place of、结构 more...than...., other than......, rather than.....由于语言的差异，有时候英语用否定，汉语用肯定。反之亦然。Wet paint.油漆未干。
反义法：将原文的肯定形式译为否定形式，或者相反。包括两个方向的互相转变。6.1.正话反说
Americans are far more race-conscious than class-conscious.美国人的阶级意识远不如种族意识那么强烈。6.2.反话正说
4.北外口译翻译技巧资料(英译汉) 篇四
Chapter One 词义的选择、引申和褒贬 一．词义的选择
（一）根据词性 He likes physics.They are shining like gold.Like knows like.(二)根据上下文联系 He is the last man to do it.He should be the last to blame.He is the last man to come.He is the last person for such a job.二．词义的引申
（一）将词义做抽象化的引申
1．将表示具体形象的词译成该形象代表的属性
Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活有甜有苦。There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them.他们的性格既残暴，又狡猾。
2．将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的词 see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad 时好时坏这两种情况不断地交替出现 Their troops goosestepped into power.他们的军队耀武扬威地夺取了政权。
（二）将词义做具体化的引申
The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green.我前面的车停下来了，我错过了绿灯。
三．词义的褒贬
（一）英语中有些词本身具有褒贬意义 He was a man of high renown.他是位有名望的人。
His notoriety didn’t come until his death.他的恶名是他死后才传开的。
（二）中立意义的词在上下文中译出褒贬
The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions.我们要求他谈了他的希望和抱负
He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。
练习: Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century.信息技术将成为21世纪全球经济竞争的中心。
The largest American cities are a diverse group, but they share certain problems.美国的大城市形形色色，却有许多共同的问题。
The expansion of educational opportunities promoted the American ideal of equal opportunity for all.由于教育不断普及，推动了机遇面前人人平等的美国理想的实现。Race relations in the US continue to be a thorny problem.美国的种族关系一直是棘手的问题。
The diverse population presents great challenges to the society, racism and discrimination remain problems.多民族的人口结构也给社会带来一定的问题，种族歧视和偏见依然存在。
Both newspapers and magazines are heavily dependent on advertising for financial support.报纸和杂志的经费来源主要是依靠广告收入。
Geography has given the US extensive and accessible resources, fertile land, and a beneficial climate.地理位置为美国提供了丰富的可利用资源，肥沃的土地和有利的气候。The percentage of US children living without their father present has ballooned.美国没有父亲的单亲孩子比例激增。
The American greeting card and decoration industries encourage the celebration of both religious and secular holidays.美国的节日贺卡和装饰业增添了宗教节日和习俗节日的欢乐气氛。
Between 1689 and 1763, Great Britain and France fought a series of wars which involved the North American colonies.1689年至1763年间英法两国连年战争，使北美的欧洲殖民地也卷入其中。
The modern American economy has never been completely free from government involvement。现代美国经济从来没有完全脱离过政府的干预。
The increase in DINK families has shattered the traditional idea of Chinese family。丁克家庭的增长冲击了传统的中国家庭观念。
Chapter Two 词类转译 一．转译为动词 1．名词转译为动词
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已用来探索宇宙。
2．含有动词意味的名词转译为动词
The sight and sound of our plane filled me with special longing.看到我们的飞机，听到飞机的声音，令我特别神往。
3．英语中以er结尾的名词在句中不指身份和职业，而含有动词意味，译为动词 I think my sister is a better singer than I.我认为我姐姐比我唱的好。二．转译为名词 1．名词派生的动词
Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系有一个特点就是以礼相待。2．名词转化的动词
This machine is designed to burn up if overused.这个机器，按其设计，如果过度使用就会烧毁。
练习：
For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land.数百万移民踏上这片充满希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。
One thing that often leads people to move is the desire for better climate, more attractive scenery, more agreeable living.导致人们迁居的原因往往是向往宜人的气候，迷人的景色和惬意的生活。
The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.过去的20年中，美国的航空运输业迅速发展。
The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues.财富逐渐集中在少数人手中，引发了许多社会问题和政治问题。
Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration.人口的增长是自然增长和不断移民的结果。
The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations.美国经济的组织方式是个人所有制，合伙制和公司制。
Chapter Three 分句 合句法 一．分句法
（一）把原句中一个单词译成句子 1．副词
They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇。2．形容词
He talked with understandable pride about his daughter.他在谈到他女儿的时候很自豪，这是可以理解的。3．名词
The inside of each house depended on the personality of its owner.每个房间内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。
(二)把短语翻译成句子 1．名词短语
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。2．介词短语
Their power increased with their number.他们人数增加了，力量也随之增加。
(三)把原文中的一个句子拆开, 变成两个句子
Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.如果该地区再次发生战争, 显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
二．合句法
（一）把原文中两个或以上的简单句译成一个句子
There are men here from all over the country.Many of them are from the north.从全国各地来的人中有许多是北方人。
（二）把原文中的主从复合句译成一句
When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是处于礼貌。
练习: Americans pride themselves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds.美国人有独立的精神，有自主的权利，并为此感到自豪。
The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry.电视普及，盗版问题严重，导致了电影业的衰落。
Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, the temperature varies little from day to night and from summer to winter.由于受季风影响，夏威夷一年四季如春，春夏秋冬，白天黑夜，温差很小。
Americans take shorter and fewer vacations than people in most other industrialized countries.与大部分工业化国家相比，美国人休假时间短，休假次数少。
The importance of strengthening ties between the US and China will grow even greater with the beginning of a new century.随着新世纪的开始，加强美中关系变得越来越重要。
Growing labor shortage in some field will give workers more rights to demand higher wages.某些产业劳动力日益短缺，将使工人更有权利要求较高的工资。
New York has become one of the largest and most powerful cities in the western world with a population of more than 8 million.纽约已经成为西方世界最具影响力的大城市之一，目前人口已达800万。
Despite its national wealth, poverty and serious income difference exist throughout the US.虽然美国是个富裕的国家，但全国仍然存在着贫穷和严重的收入差别问题。
The researchers want to perfect cloning in cows because of the large market for expensive high-quality beef.科研人员希望完善克隆牛技术，因为昂贵的高质牛肉市场庞大。
Chapter Four 定语从句 一．限制性定从
（一）前置法
There will come a day when people of the world live a happy life under the sun of socialism.全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。
（二）后置法
1．译成并列分句，重复英语先行词 They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍惜的，在过去，许多中国人曾为此牺牲了自己的生命。
He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and spirit to this career which today helps him reach his goal.他把自己非凡的才智和精力无私地献给了这项事业，而这项事业今天已使他实现了目标。2．译成并列分句，省略英语先行词
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of his uncle.是他接到那封信，说他的叔叔去世了。
（三）融合法
There are many people who want to see the film.许多人要看这部电影。二．非限制性定语从句
（一）前置法
Her laughter, which was very infectious, broke the silence.她的富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。
（二）后置法 1．译成并列分句
（1）从句后置，重复关系词代表的含义
They toured the Forbidden city, where the Chinese emperors had once lived in lofty splendor.他们参观了紫禁城，从前的中国皇帝曾在那里过着奢华显赫的生活。（2）从句后置，省略关系词代表的含义
After dinner, they resumed their talk, which continued well into the night.饭后，他们继续会谈，直到深夜。
（3）从句前置，重复关系词代表的含义
This war, however, more complex than the last one, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.上一次战争是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场，资源和领土的冲突，而这次战争却比上一次复杂。
2．译成独立句
5.历年考研英语英译汉真题 篇五
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.
46. yet, when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
【参考译文】然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求
47. A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.
【参考译文】无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的仅是仅是避难栖息之地。
48. The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.
【参考译文】无家可归者的乐园,实际上是一个毫无家气息的地方,给城市环境带来了一种新的形式。。
无家可归者描绘的花园实质上是无所依附的,这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样的城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在, 要么就完全不是以这种明显的方式存在。
49. most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.
【参考译文】我们大多数人会深陷于精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消
50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.