论年幼留学英文写作

论年幼留学英文写作（2篇）

1.论年幼留学英文写作 篇一

关键词：英汉思维模式,差异,英语写作,影响

1 Introduction

For many Chinese students,especially non-English majors,English wring is an unhappy task.Although they have already got a certain degree of language ability and basic grammatical knowledge,their English writing is still lack English taste.Sometimes students get good ideas,but when they them into words,they will make others confused.For these reasons,the real problem is the students are used to thinking in Chinese mode in the writing process.People's thinking activity is expressed by the language forms,word,phrase,sentence and sentence groups.Language is the main carrier and expressing form of thinking.Thus the point is not only to master pronunciation,grammar and word,but also understand the thinking mode of the nation.The thesis is focused on describing the differences between the Chinese and English thinking modes and the influence on English writing.

2 The Differences between the Chinese and English Thinking Modes

The thinking mode is the deep mechanism of language generation and development.The language also stimulates the form and development of the thinking mode.It is the main tool of thinking,and the main factor of the thinking mode.The difficulties Chinese students coming across in English writing is not only language knowledge and skill but also the differences between the Chinese and English thinking modes.

2.1 Parataxis and Hypotaxis

The Chinese nation stresses unity.In Chinese language,it is the meaning dominates the form.The language emphasizes parataxis.But the English nation stresses individuality,objectivity,logic and exactness.It is the form dominates the meaning in English.The language emphasizes hypotaxis.The subject is prominent.In a sentence,the subject is always the topic.On the contrary,the topic is prominent in the Chinese language.The subject is not always the topic.Besides,in Chinese grammar when the subject is known by everybody,it can be omitted.The Chinese students usually neglect the unanimity of subjects.The English nation stresses logical thinking,but the Chinese nation stresses dialectical thinking.So compared with Chinese language English is more formalized.One of its features is the integrity o sentence structure,including various conjunctions and linking methods.However,Chinese needs not use these linking methods The logical relation among sentences and words can form a coherent text.

2.2 Spiral and Straight Line

In Cultural Linguistics Xing Fuyi points out that the Chinese nation are used to spiral thinking mode.They get a conclusion first,and then try to prove this conclusion.Thus a spiral expression forms.In a Chinese sentence,it is always the outer and less important information appears first and at last the most importan part.

3 The Influence of Differences between Chinese and English Thinking Modes on English Writing

The difference between Chinese and English thinking modes has great influence on Chinese students'English writing.Chinese thinking mode does not only influence the syntax in English writing,but also constraints the structure of the text.English stresses abstract thinking and straight-line thinking.Influenced by thinking way,the English text structure develops in the way o a straight line.The feature of English passage is that the author tells the theme at the beginning of the passage,and the point is obvious.Readers need not to take time to look for them.Besides English passages have close structure,obvious part,logic and perfect cohesion.Chinese language stresses image thinking,spira thinking and dialectical thinking.Influenced by these characters Chinese passages are always loose in structure and indirect in meaning.Chinese students'English writing is also always loose in structure and indirect in meaning.

3.1 Difference of Thinking Modes and Lexical Difference

Some English words seem to be corresponding to certain Chinese characters.But when you analyze them carefully,you will find that they are not corresponding in meaning.For example,these three English words carry,take and fetch do not have corresponding characters in Chinese,because three words stress direction,rather than tools or method.But when expressing the similar meaning,Chinese stresses methods and tools,rather than directions.Sometimes,the same character in Chinese can have totally different corresponding words.

3.2 Thinking Mode and Sentence Structure

When doing things,Chinese people stress the participant o human beings.In word expression,the subjects of sentences are usually human beings.In English culture,human beings and objects are strictly divided.In word expression,objects and abstract concept usually appears as subjects.For,example:

我突然想到一个好主意。

A good idea suddenly came to my mind.

Chinese sentences are always active and without subjects But English sentences must have subjects.So there are many more passive voice sentences in English than in Chinese.For example:

在会上人们问了她很多问题。

He was asked a lot of questions at the meeting.

Well,in sentence order,westerners are used to put the poin directly.They express their attitude and point of view first,and then tell the reason and process of the story.For example:

I am very happy to receive her present.

能收到她的礼物我很高兴。

3.3 Thinking Mode and Text Structure

As to the structure of the passage,the mode of Chinese thinking is spiral.They trend to think in a spiral way.The western people's thinking mode is straight.They trend to think and reason in a straight-line way.Thus,Chinese passage structure is always spiraling.Traditionally,Chinese regard an indirect,unclear,complex passage as elegant,beautiful and of high degree Authors always believe that they must write indirectly and complexly as to tell the story completely and adequately.Thus,at the beginning of the passage,they are not eager to express their points of view.Besides,there are not always topic sentences in each paragraph.In Chinese passages,they like to tell the background and reason first,and then give a lot of analysis,and a last,the climax comes.

In typical English passages,authors always start with topic sentences,and tell the point of view at the very beginning of the passage.Next,they instruct the topic sentence point by poin through evidence and theory.The sub-topic and evidence and theory are close to the theme of the whole passage.

4 Summary

The Influence of differences between Chinese and English thinking modes on English writing is obvious.To have an idea o the English thinking mode can make students study the feature o English expression more deeply,and help them to master the English language.With English thinking modes,they can avoid Chinglish.At the same time,to know the differences between Chinese and English thinking modes can help Chinese students to write true English passage.

参考文献

[1] 吴英丽.论汉英思维模式差异对英语写作的影响[J].江苏教 育学院学报:社会科学版,2006(6).

[2] 张省林.试析汉语思维模式对英语写作的制约[J].西安外国 语学院学报,2004(4).

[3] 张玉玺.英语写作中 Chinglish 的成因分析[J].中国环境管理 干部学院学报,2006(2).

2.试论英文书面表达的写作与技巧 篇二

【关键词】中职英语书面表达；写作与技巧

英文书面表达就是翻译、英文思维与中文写作基础的有机结合；它不是随心所欲、想写什么就写什么的自由性写作，而是一种根据提示、不能随意创作的控制性写作。本题型会给学生较为详细的提示和相关的信息，考生对所给要点用地道的英语逐一陈述，注意表述层次，做些适当发挥，加上适当的连接词连接上下文，使之过渡自然，然后自成一篇文章。

在此，就目前普通高考、对口单招中书面表达有可能考到的文体的写作方式、方法及其技巧作如下介绍：

一、英文记叙文的书面表达

记叙文是以写人、叙事为主要内容，以记叙为主要表达方式的一种文体。介绍人物的

生平事迹，是记人；记叙事情的发生、发展和前因后果，是记事。记叙文写作的基本要求大致有四点：1）明确中心思想，英文表达应围绕中心展开；2）记叙文是记叙过去所发生的事情与经过，写作时常用过去时；3）记叙文的记叙方法为先后顺序与夹叙夹义；4）记叙文的六要素为人物（who）、时间（when）、地点（where）、事件（what）、起因（why）、结果（result）。

二、英文应用文的书面表达

应用文包括书信、日记、便条、通知、启示、演讲、贺卡等。高考试卷常用书信、演讲、日记与通知。书面表达的英文日记应注意以下几个方面：英文格式与中文日记的格式大致相同；所记叙的事情通常发生在过去，以第一人称写，常用一般过去时；如描写景色或展望未来，可用一般现在时或一般将来时；通常按照时间顺序或事情的经过来写，语言清楚自然，内容连贯完整。

三、英文看图作文的书面表达

看图作文是让学生借助图片，通过细致的观察和联想进行写作。它是命题的基础，也是一种提高书面表达能力的有效途径。

看图作文必须根据图画内容和所给的英文提示来写。具体表达方式如下：首先读图，即分析图画所提供的信息，充分发挥自己的想象力，准确理解图中的确切含义。其次试写，即根据图中情景及提示词来表达文中内容，充分发挥自己的想象力和实际水平，避难就易，一法不成，另找它径。最后扩写，即适当增加情节和过渡性词语，把句子连贯起来，写成一篇文章。总之，要做到合理想象，用词得当，句子结构及语法应用准确，条理清楚。

四、英文说明文的书面表达

说明文是介绍型的作文，可介绍人物、物品、地点等。写作时，说明事物，要注意观察；语言既要精确简洁，又要用词准确，记叙明了；描述事物时要做到有条理，层次分明，即描述时应按照一定的顺序描述事物，同时体现自己对所描述事物的看法和评价，表达自己的观点。

那么，考生要高质量完成高考书面表达来得高分，应注意哪些写作技巧呢？由此，主要以08’年江苏高考试卷的书面表达为例，进行如下分析：

（1）仔细审题

审题是解题的关键。而书面表达的审题，一是注意内容，即具体写什么；二是看清形式，即表达所需要的文体，适用的时态与人称。根据仔细审题，判定“怎样当一个好的听众（being a good listener）”为文章的话题或中心内容；以演讲的形式与口气进行书面表达，适用第一人称与第二人称，用一般现在时与一般将来时

（2）编拟提纲

列要点与提纲，即整理需要表达的内容；列提纲要全面、具体、明确、恰当，因为它是进行书面表达的一个重要步骤—构建框架。

（3）巧句成文

注意词汇、语法、句型来组织语言。尽量使用最熟悉、最有把握的词汇、句型，力求文理通顺，语言准确。遇到生疏的词句要灵活多变，巧妙绕开，可以用同义词、近义词代替，也可以用否定词加反义词来表达，有时进行词形变化与句型转换来变换句式。总之，提倡用词造句越朴素越好，尽量不给挑出毛病，以减少不必要的扣分。

（4）表达地道

造句更要注意英语语言习惯，切忌钻牛角尖，不可生造词语，作汉式英语表达。

（5）把握长度

要看具体内容而定，如果内容多，应多用复杂句式；如果内容较少，以达到词的限数，应多用简单句式并适当添加合理内容。

（6）书写工整

卷面的美观、清洁与否、书写的好坏会直接影响阅卷老师的情绪。保持卷面整洁、书写工整清楚有助于考生少扣或不扣分。

五、13’年高考的书面表达的趋势：

（1）众所周知，我们国家现在既要加强自身的硬实力，又要向世界推广软实力，来加强国际间的文化交流， 以此来扩大中国在国际上的影响力与竞争力。因此，就像08’ 奥运开闭幕式表演与展示一样，考生通过写信或演讲等形式把中国的传统文化与节日简明扼要介绍给英语国家的人士，最后邀请笔友一起和自己过中国的传统节日—春节、元宵节、清明节、端午节、七夕节、中秋节、重阳节等。

（2）有关中国以及世界所关注的国内外热点问题或青少年、教育界所关心的焦点问题。例如：素质教育与应试教育、生态环境、心理健康、交通安全、就业就学、校园和谐、食品卫生、能源利用、自然灾害、太空开发等问题。

（3）考学生熟悉的人和事等易于下手的题材，有利于更大限度地考查学生的英文表达能力。以说明文为主，书信或演讲格式为多来要求考生谈论贴近生活的密切话题，更倾向于用自己的心里话和地道的英文摆出自己的观点与想法，来进行适当又适度的自由表达。

（4）增加书面表达题的长度、分值、自由度与开放性。明年高考所出的话题及其表达形式会更符合牛津新课程标准、新职高教程和新课程改革的理念，更有利于考生个性发展、更能激发考生思维的创新、更易激活考生英文表达的灵活性；同时出题又要考虑到阅卷的标准性、公正性与客观性等等局限性问题。