英语必背短文(共14篇)
1.英语必背短文 篇一
Welcom to our school.It’s very beautiful and big!There are 55 students in my class.Look!That is the library.There are many books in it.We can read books there.The canteen is on the first floor.We have lunch at school.That is our teacher’s office.Every day, we go there and hand in our homework.I like my school.The game starts.Sarah goes to a room.There is a piano in it.Mike goes to a room.There are many computers.John goes to a room.Some girls and boys wash their hands and faces.And Zip goes to a big room.He sees lots of colourful pictures.Where are they? Can you find them?
John has a parrot.It is a nice bird.Every day John says to it,“Hello!I can see you!” Soon the bird can say:“Hello!I can see you!”,too.One day John is at school.A thief coms into John’s room.He wants to steal something.A voice comes,“Hello!I can see you!” The thief puts the things on the floor and runs away.Classes are over at 3:50p.m, but we don’t always go home at that time.Many of us stay at school.Some do their homework, some work or play in the school.We clean our classrooms, work in the school garden, or go to the playground to play ball games.Today is the first day of the school week.We usually go to Mr.Lin’s home.He is an eighty-year-old man.We read newspapers to him, talk to him, wash his clothes and clean his room.Mr.Lin likes to be with us.We feel happy, too, because we can help others.Welcome to our schoo.It’s very nice.Trees are green, flowers are red and yellow.The school buildings are white and blue.We have thirty classrooms, and we can study here.The music room and the gym are on the first floor.The art room is on the second floor.All the classrooms are on the third and the fourth floor.I like our school.
2.英语必背短文 篇二
一、把短文改错融于平时的教学之中, 选择有效的训练方式
要做好短文改错, 平时必须加强训练, 并且一定要注意训练方式。只有通过大量的练习, 做起题来才会得心应手。
1.讲课时要注意提醒学生改正常犯的错误。学生经常易犯的错误往往会体现在短文改错之中, 教师要充分分析归纳错误的类型及语境, 平时训练要朝着这个方向努力。
2.教师讲评作文体现短文的改错思想。学生的作文, 往往有许多错误, 在评讲作文时, 一定要告诉学生为什么错了, 并作改正。必要时, 还要让学生之间互相批改, 然后老师再点评。所有学生的作文都是活生生的短文改错实例。以这种方式训练, 一方面可以提高学生的作文水平, 另一方面也训练到了短文改错。
3.批改作业促进短文改错水平的提高。学生作业, 难免会有这样或那样错误。教师要尽量把这些错误挖掘出来, 然后加以归类, 一一给学生讲评, 使其改正。这样学生的英语能力就会得到显著提高了。
4.口语训练能提高短文改错水平。虽然, 口语强调的是流利, 体现的是语言的交际功能, 要让对方听懂并作出反应。但是, 口语练习呈现了大量的语法和词汇。在平时的训练中提高了口语水平, 也就提高了短文改错的水平了。
二、熟练把握该题型特点及主要考查的内容
从NMET中, 我们发现, 对于一篇100字左右的小短文, 一个特点则是在这个题中共10处错误。短文改错的命题, 通常从以下几方面考虑: (1) 考查英语的附加成分。 (2) 学生受本族语影响易犯的错误。 (3) 估计学生可能出现的错误。本题型所考查的主要内容, 总结起来, 不外乎以下六种:
1.动词的各种变体。英语动词有多变的外在形式, 而且总是跟短语和动词搭配、时态和语态联系在一起。所以它一直受命题者所青睐。
2.名词的各种形式。
3.代词的各种变化。
4.形容词和副词。这两种词性灵活多变, 而且绝大多数都有原级, 比较级和最高级三种级别。
5.介词, 冠词, 累赘词的多余。
6.缺介词, 冠词, 代词, 连接词和助动词。
短文改错口诀:句子成分多分析, 动词形式, 名词数;认清是形还副;非谓动词细辨析, 习惯用法要牢记;逻辑错误需关注。
三、必须掌握做题方法
做题方法在考试中起着十分重要的作用, 如果能掌握好短文改错的做题方法, 定会达到满意的效果。下面, 介绍几种行之有效的做题方法:
1.快速浏览1~2遍, 了解大意, 明确体裁。
2.注意上下文的连贯, 合乎逻辑。
3.认真分析, 查找句子中的其他错误。这一环节要求我们必须清楚语法关系, 熟悉词汇, 学会用语法分析句式和句子结构。
4.大胆猜测, 敢于怀疑。改10处就行, 不要多改。
3.突破高考英语短文改错 篇三
一、高考英语短文改错题题型特点
高考英语短文改错题是以篇章为单位, 要求考生有很高的阅读理解能力,考生必须摆脱孤立片面的思维定势,以一种连贯的思路、整体的眼光去适应这一题型。但是高考短文改错题具有“高起点、低落点”的特点,对学生的语言感觉和语言能力要求较高,但改正的错误往往比较简单。很多学生做不好改错题不是因为没有掌握这些语法知识,而是不能通过语感找出错误。所以培养学生有意识地去注意一些高考短文改错的常考题型特点非常重要。
二、高考英语短文改错题错误类型
经过对2000年以来的高考英语短文改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后,发现动词仍是考查的重点,其他词类趋于平均化。
1.动词考查。主要考查动词的时态、语态、主谓一致和非谓语动词的使用。
The time passes quickly. Evening came. (2002)passes→passed
High over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon. (2006)discover→discovered
My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (2001) make前加to
…was very surprised see this when the balloon landed in front of them. (2006) see前加to
Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…(2003) talk→talking
2.名词考查。主要涉及可数与不可数名词以及名词的单复数的误用。
Their word were a great encouragement to me. (2003) word→words
There are advantage for students to work while… (2005) advantage→advantages
3.代词的误用和限制词的搭配
代词涉及人称代词、指示代词、不定代词,主要是代词的格与数的错用和漏用。如男性用了女性代词,单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容词性的物主代词用了名词性等。限制词的搭配主要涉及冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配。
The three of them were very excited.(2002)them→us
Finally, the men threw most of his clothes to save themselves. (2006) his→their
As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of animals and plants. (2002) famous前加a
4.形容词和副词
主要涉及到形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的误用,以及形容词和副词的误用等。
…a concert can be very excited. (2004)
excited→exciting
The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make their balloon light. (2006)
light→lighter
5.考查上下文的逻辑关系
如but, and, so, however, otherwise, however等一些并列连词和连接副词的误用。before, after, when, until, since等状语从句引导词的误用等,还有动词、肯定和否定的误用或多用等。
…as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they… (2001-84) and→or
It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.(2002-78) noon后加when
So then, a concert costs so much.(2004-82) So→But
I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. (2004)although→because/as
6.固定词组及惯用法的搭配
主要指一些动词词组的介词或副词使用错误
…sisters…in any other words, I am an only child. My parents…(2001-77) 去掉any
Evening came down. (2002-83) 去掉down
The balloon was coming up.(2006-80) up→down
The crowded are waiting for to greet them… ((2006-84)去掉for
to spend on anything as if they please. (2005-81)去掉if
7.数词的误用
主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,以及hundred, thousand, dozen, score等词和具体数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。
三、高考英语短文改错题的正确的解题方法
短文改错不同于单句改错,其改错的过程是在一个特定的语境下进行的,其中的每一个错误都与上下文息息相关。因此,解题时考生要运用从“篇章着手,了解大意”,到“逐句分析,依行查错”,再到“复读全文、检查核对”三步走的策略。
答题时考生应聚焦以下几点:
1.句中的时态、语态与语篇的行文协调吗?2.非谓语动词的形式正确吗?3.主谓语一致吗?4.各种代词以及one, it, that等在指代关系上的使用正确吗?5.名词的数与格正确吗?6.受母语的影响,although和but、because和so、return 和back、repeat和 again重复使用了吗?7.表示转折并列关系的连词、副词使用正确吗?如:but, and, or, therefore, however的使用。8.固定搭配正确吗?9.冠词的使用正确吗?
4.考研英语必背 篇四
Thepurpose of the drawing is to show us that due attention has to be paidto the mistreatment of senior citizens. First and foremost, some people shirktheir duty of financiallysupporting their old and helpless parents due to their own interests. Furthermore, some elderly people are often ill-treatedby their own children and cannot lead a normal life. Last but not least, while some young people enjoy a comfortable life, theirparents are neglectedand reduced to utterpoverty.
Itis imperativefor us to take drastic measures. To begin with, relevant laws andregulations should be made to severely punish those who shunthe responsibilities of caring their parents. In addition, we should cultivate the awareness of the young that respectingthe old has always been the traditionalvirtue of Chinese culture. Only in this way can we curbthe current evil phenomenon revealed in the picture. (198)
作文二:
Directions:
Studythe following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which youshould
1.describe the photos briefly,
2.interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and
5.考研英语必背 篇五
Directions: You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members. You should state reasons for your recommendation. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)
Dear Friends, As the host of the upcoming reading session, I am writing the email to recommend my favorite book to you, Tao Te Ching, which is written by Lao Tzu. The primary causes of my recommendation are as follows. To begin with, it is the best-loved of all the classical books of China and the most universally popular. In addition, the book encapsulates the main tenets of Taoism, and upholds a way of being as well as a philosophy and a religion. More importantly, the dominant image is of the Way, the mysterious path through the whole cosmos modeled on the Milky Way that traverses the heavens. I hope the above information will help you to know the book. If you need any further information about it, please do not hesitate to contact me.
6.英语作文必背语句 篇六
一般书信开头必有:I’m happy to receive your letter.很高兴收到你的来信
I am writing to(tell you about(+名词)/that +从句我正在写信告诉你关于……
结尾
I am looking forward to your reply as soon as possible.我希望尽快收到的回复
投诉信开头:I am writing to complain about +名词 或that +从句我正在写信投诉关于……
结尾
I am looking forward to your satisfying reply as soon as possible.我希望尽快收到你们令人满意的回复。
邀请信开头:I am writing to invite you to do, 我正在写信邀请你做某事
My family(class)and I would feel much honored, if you could come.。如果你能来,我和我家人(同学们)感到非常荣幸。
结尾:
I am looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.我非常高兴地期待你的到来。
通知:
We are going to hold + 内容 at 几点 on 日期月 年 at 地点
我们将在…..几月几日举行……
The 活动is mainly about ……
这次…..主要关于
You are supposed to
你们应该做…….结尾:
Every one is demanded to be present on time.每个人都必须准时参加。
议论文:
文章开头: as the proverb says(as the saying goes), +句子 常言道,……
As far as I am concerned, 或From my point of view, it would be better, if +一般过去式的句子
就我而言,如果….., 就会更好。
There is no doubt 或it goes without saying that enough concern must be paid to the problem of +名词毫无疑问,…… 的问题应该得到注
To solve this problem, I would like to offer some advice.为了解决这个问题,我想提供一些建议
With the development of science and technology(society), there is an increasing need for people to know how to do
随着科技(社会)的发展,越来越多的人需要知道如何去做某事……
句子与句子之间连接部分,使文章更流畅
What is more, 另外
As the matter of fact, 事实上
Be supposed to 应该
Be able to 能够
Have to 必须
What is more important for sb is to do / 从句
7.浅谈初中英语短文教学方法 篇七
(一) 快速阅读课文, 切入主题
阅读即预习课文是课文教学之前必不可少的环节。现行初中英语教材几乎每单元都有一篇短文, 在学习课文之前, 教师首先要针对课文内容提出几个主题问题, 给学生一个明确的阅读目的, 再让学生带着问题去略读课文, 在阅读中遇到困难时, 要求学生要联系上下文思考并做好标记, 待教师讲解时让自己的理解得到验证或订正。以此来培养学生通过快速阅读抓中心思想的能力, 即培养学生的阅读能力, 教师应注意这时所提出的问题要易答, 且是该课学生的兴奋点, 方可激发学生再读的兴趣, 抓住了这一兴奋点之后, 再趁势提出更深层次的问题, 让学生放慢速度再读, 并寻求答案, 以便更好地理解课文内容, 同时也使学生的英语表达能力得到了训练。
通过这样的提问, 推想出课文中没有写到但有与之关系密切的若干内容, 能使学生加深和拓宽对课文人物刻画、主题表现的领悟, 激起他们去主动思考和探索。
教师设计提问时, 要紧扣教材, 层层推进, 要具有一定的思想梯度。在提问、解答的过程中, 教师要启发引导, 以激活学生的思维欲望, 帮助学生认知和理解。
(二) 理解课文
在学生基本上掌握课文大意之后, 可分两部分让学生从整体上感知课文。
1. 教师可利用挂图、幻灯、投影仪、简笔画等教具, 用英语简述课文大意, 并适当对学生进行提问, 以引起学生有意注意, 同时, 把一些重点的词语写在黑板上, 使学生将所听到的内容通过眼进行验证, 来加深理解和认识。
2. 先听读整篇课文, 后跟读和朗读课文, 通过预习和教师复述, 学生已大致了解了课文内容, 听音时则把课文内容回忆显现在眼前, 这样既培养了听的能力, 又让学生体会到了预习的重要。通过跟读和朗读, 既训练了语音语调, 又让学生自我检查了听力情况。
二、对课文中的重点语言知识进行进一步操练
根据上述做法, 学生对课文有了大体了解之后, 再对课文进行重点讲练, 以培养学生运用语言的能力。
(一) 结合词汇学句子
以“词不离句”为教学原则, 利用本课出现的词汇, 并结合与其学过的相关的词语进行造句、翻译、选择、判断正误并更正错误等形式, 加强语言训练, 多次反复循环课文内容, 加深学生对课文结构的印象。
(二) 结合课文内容来巩固语法
根据该单元的语法重点和学生掌握的情况进行恰当的分析、归纳、总结。例如, 现在完成时的句子, 先让学生把这种句子找出来, 再让学生自己归纳总结这种时态的构成, 用法和句式, 这样既复习了语法内容, 又运用了语言知识, 巩固了课文内容。
三、结合课文内容进行相关能力的训练
在学生感知课文的基础上, 配以大量的语言操练, 指导学生在语言环境中去运用知识, 以培养他们综合运用语言知识和抽象思维的能力, 达到高层次的深化理解。
要求学生课后复习课文。改写、缩写或扩写课文, 或表演对话, 培养学生应用英语的能力。
让学生阅读与课文配套的短文, 既复习巩固了所学词汇, 又能提高阅读能力。
指导学生模仿课文写小作文, 训练学生的写作能力, 即应用英语的能力, 如, 学完English names后, 要求学生以Chinese names为题来使学生充分掌握中、英名字之别, 利用这种方法进行多次训练, 方能提高学生的写作能力。
运用语言对课文进行各种形式的写作练习, 这是所学知识在语言实践中运用能力的进一步升华, 是学生创造性的劳动, 也是学习效果的最好检验。
总之, 课文教学无论采取什么样的方法, 始终都要以学生为主体, 教师为主导, 对学生进行听、说、读、写的基本训练, 从而使学生能达到综合运用语言的能力。
摘要:课文教学是英语教学的主体, 它是集语音、词汇、语法和句法等教学为一体的综合教学过程, 是培养学生阅读理解能力、综合运用语言能力的最佳手段。在大力推进素质教育的今天, 应摆脱传统式的教学方法, 应把课文教学转向以培养学生听、说、读、写能力为目的的轨道上来, 充分发挥学生的主体作用, 把课文视听教学和阅读教学有机地联系起来, 拓宽课文教学的渠道, 以达到培养学生听说读写能力的目的。课文教学应先从整体感知, 再由部分探究, 最后达到整体理解课文全貌。
8.高中英语短文改错浅析 篇八
学生想要做好一道短文改错题,首先要求判断短文各行是否有错,如无错误,在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√);如有错误,则按下列情况改正: 此行多一个:把多余的词用斜线()划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线()划掉。此行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^),在该行右边写出该加的词。此行错一个词:在错的词下划一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。一行中最多只会有一个错误,而且错误均只涉及一个单词,或错一词,或漏一词,或多一词。从历年来NMET试卷“短文改错”设题的形式分布看,10个小题中一般为:无错1题,多词1-2题,漏词1-2题,其余为错词。
一般来讲,短文无论在内容上还是在文字上都比较简单,文中错误都是我们常犯的错误。只要我们的语言基本功扎实,这些错误是不难识别并改正的。
现就一道“短文改错”为例,对答案做进一步分析诊断:
Dear Alice,
I have just got some good news to tell to you. 76. 去掉to
I win a national prize for painting last week. 77. 改为won
My father was so pleasing that he suggested 78. 改为pleased/happy
I go to England for a holiday. I’d like to staying79. 改为stay
there for half a month, visiting place of interest 80. 改为 places
or practicing my English as well. We’ve been 81. 改为and
writing to each∧for nearly a year now. I have 82. other_
often dreamed of talk face to face with you. 83. 改为talking
I imagine you’ll be at vacation yourself by that 84. 改为on
time. Perhaps we could go out to do some 85. √
sight seeing together.
Best wishes,
Lily
把学生做的“短文改错”批阅之后发现,每一项都不同层次地出现错误。原因是同学们对做题要求方面能力差,基本知识掌握不牢固,缺乏做题技巧等各方面因素。
根据我个人之鉴,做“短文改错”应从以下几方面入手:
一、浏览全文,理解文章大意,掌握篇章结构,为正确判断和改错奠定基础。
要先读一遍,迅速弄懂全文的大意,然后再开始做题。做到从整体上把握,逐行矫正,各个击破,即按篇——段——句——词——字的顺序进行。
二、行句结合,逐行改错。虽然每行可能而且只有一个错,但并不等于说每一句只有一个错。所以判断的依据应以一句话为单位,发现错误,落实到行,加以改正。切忌看一行改一行。一旦认准了该行有某一个必改的错误,其余部分就不必再三推敲。
重点考虑以下问题:
(1)主谓结构是否一致。
(2)习惯用语或固定词组搭配是否合适。
(3)谓语动词的时态、语态是否正确。
(4)非谓语动词形式与使用是否正确。
(5)名词的数与格,与名词所搭配的冠词是否正确。
(6)代词的用法是否正确,如人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、关系代词及it作形式主语或形式宾语时有无缺漏。
(7)连词、关系代词和关系副词的使用是否正确。
(8)搞清文字段落中的逻辑意义和逻辑关系,判断所有用词是否正确。
三、瞻前顾后,逐句检查。根据上下文之间的内在联系和语言的逻辑关系,审阅句子结构是否完整,语句是否流畅;主从复合句的从属连接词搭配是否恰当;动词用法是否正确;词语固定搭配,习惯用语是否准确等,要把单个句子与整篇短文有机地联系起来进行分析和推理,发现问题及时修改。
四、务必按改错的要求做。尤其是在多词的情况下,在原文中要划去该词,并在右边的答案处写下这个词并用斜线划掉,否则不得分。
五、复核,做完题重看全文。
9.高一必背英语作文 篇九
1. 你以前从未去过北京,请他当向导,带你参观长城,颐和园和其它名胜;
2. 想住在他家里,以便聊聊彼此的生活和学习;
3. 问候他的父母。
注意:
1. 词数 100左右;开头结尾已给出,不计入总词数
2. 颐和园 the Summer Palace
Dear Li Hong,
I haven’t heard from you for quite a long time. How have you been these days?
During the coming winter vacation, I’m going to Beijing for a tour. As I have never been to Beijing before, I’d like you to be my guide. I hope you can show me around the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and some other places of interest. What’s more, during my visit I hope to stay together with you in your house so that we can have a good talk about our life and studies. What do you think of my idea? I would like to know your opinion.
Please give my best regards(问候) to your parents.
Yours sincerely,
10.关于必背英语句子 篇十
2.They had expected me to go with them 他们原本希望我和他们一起去。
3.That was the third time that I had visited the place 那是我第三次参观那地方了。
4.After I had finished my paper, I put it in the drawer 我写完论文,就把它放在抽屉了。
5.Hi, Jack, where do you live now? 你好,杰克,你现在住哪儿?
6.I live at Curzon Street 我住在可胜街号。
7.Curzon Street? Isn’t Mary living there? 可胜街?玛丽不是也住那儿吗?
8.Yes, she lives just across the street 是的,她就住在街对面。
9.How long have you stayed there? 你在那儿住多久了?
10.Just a few months 才几个月。
11.How about Mary? How long has she lived there? 玛丽怎么样?她在那儿住多久了?
12.She’s been living there since her birth 她生下来就住那儿。
13.Will you stay there for long? 你会在那儿待很长时间吗?
14.No, I’ll move to Hollywood next month 不,我下个月搬到好莱坞去。
15.Oh, really? I’m moving there too 真的?我也会搬到那儿去。
16.Great Then we can drink beer together 棒极了,我们可以一起喝啤酒了。
17.Yes, and you may stay there longer 对,而且你也许会在那儿住久一些。
18.I hope so 希望如此。
19.I’m sure we’ll have a good time 我相信我们会很开心的。
20.Where are you going? 你去哪儿?
21.Where did you go for dinner yesterday? 你们昨天去哪儿吃的饭?
22.When will he come to see you? 他什么时候来看你?
23.When did you buy the car? 你什么时候买的车?
24.Who told you? 谁告诉你的?
25.Who will accompany you to the airport? 谁将陪你去机场?
26.Why don’t you agree? 你为什么不同意?
27.Why not go out for a walk? 干吗不出去散步?
28.How did you spend your holiday? 你假期怎么过的?
29.How are you doing these days? 这些日子你怎么样?
30.What did he say in the letter? 他在信里说什么了?
31.What are you going to do with the books? 你打算拿这些书怎么办?
32.What were you doing when I called? 我打电话给你时你在干吗?
33.I was about to leave 我正要出门。
34.Can you guess what I was doing this morning? 你能猜到今天上午我在做什么吗?
35.What’s the height of the building? 这座楼有多高?
36.How much does the elephant weigh? 这个大象有多重?
37.What’s the color of your new dress? 你的新衣服是什么颜色的?
38.What’s the size of your shoes? 你的鞋多大尺寸?
39.My brother is twice as tall as your sister 我弟弟比你妹妹高一倍。
40.My grandma is years older than me 我祖母比我大岁。
41.This river is one third as long as that river 这条河只有那条河的三分之一长。
42.What’s the shape of your balloon? 你的气球是什么形状?
43.How wide is this bridge? 这座桥有多宽?
44.How thick is the ice here? 这儿的冰有多厚?
45.This metal is harder than that one 这种金属比那种硬。
46.He can run as fast as Jim 他跑的和吉姆一样快。
47.Kate is smarter than I 凯特比我聪明。
48.How long do you watch TV every day? 你每天看多长时间电视?
49.How often do you go swimming? 你多久去游一次泳?
11.英语短文改错解题技巧点拨 篇十一
关键词:短文改错;问题错误;技巧分析
短文改错是一道集语法知识和语言技能为一体的综合性题目,其目的在于考查学生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力,进而考查学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平以及在语篇中综合运用英语的能力。短文改错是专门针对学生在英语学习过程中特别是写作训练中常犯错误而设计的。对他们而言,此题是拉开档次的一道题目,然而很多考生对该题感到束手无策。关键在于找不到错误、不会找错误,那么,怎样找错误、发现错误就成了解这道题目的关键。下面我就短文改错测试点的分布进行分析,帮助大家寻找规律,从而提高短文改错题的解题技巧。
一、冠词的误用
1.不定冠词a和an(a用于辅音音素前,an用于元音音素前,如26个字母中的a、e、f、h、i、l、m、n、o、r、s、x之前用an)。
2.不定冠词和定冠词的混用。
3.零冠词(物质名词、抽象名词、三餐、星期、月份、季节、学科、球类、棋类以及by与交通工具连用等。)
4.在某些习惯用语和固定搭配中。
(1) Today we had a early breakfast. (a→an)
(2) After a hour we arrived there. (a→an)
(3) A horse is an useful animal. (an→a)
(4) There is a i and a l in the word child.(a→an)
(5) When a child is five in England,his parents must send him to the school. (去掉school, school为上学时其前不加the)
(6) He often goes to school by a bus. (a去掉)
(7) We usually have the lunch at 10∶00 every day.(the去掉)
(8) The car disappeared in distance. (in后加the)
二、名词的误用
1.可数名词与不可数名词。
2.抽象名词具体化(如success,failure,pleasure,surprise,beauty,worry,interest,joy,delight,danger,sorrow,trouble,pain 等)。
3.经常以复数形式出现的名词(glasses,trousers,gloves,socks,earnings,savings,surroundings等)。
4.名词所有格形式。
5.名词作定语。
(1) It was such a good weather that they all went for a picnic.
(去掉a)
(2) While I was in Beijing I made a lot of friend.
(friend 改为friends)
(3) The meeting held last week was great success.
(great前加a)
(4) My sister wok in a shoes factory.(shoes→shoe)
(5) There are 50 man teachers in our school. (man→men)
(6) This book isnt mine, it must be someone else.
(else→elses)
三、代词的误用
1.人称代词的主格和宾格。
2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
3.反身代词。
4.指示代词。
5.疑问代词。
6.不定代词(如each,every,all,both,neither的用法;no one,none,nobody,nothing的用法;other,others,the other,the others,another的用法;one,ones,it,that,those的用法等)。
7.相互代词(each other,one another的用法)。
8.关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose,why,when,where,as的用法等)。
9.it 用作形式主语和形式宾语。
(1) It is a secret between he and I.(I→me)
(2) It was her that answered the phone. (her→she)
(3) You may express you in other ways. (you→yourself)
(4) -Hello!Who is that speaking?
—Im Mary!(Im→This is)
(5) —What color do you like?
—White,black or green?(What →Which)
(6) This one in a bit large for me,would you please show me other one?(other→another)
(7) I have bought several new novels .You can read it if you like.(it→them)
(8) Every side of the street is lined with green trees.
(Every→Each)
(9) Smith pointed to a path where he thought would lead to a village.(where→that/which)
(10) That is difficult to learn English well.(That→It)
四、介词的误用
1.常用的易混介词。
2.介词与形容词的搭配使用。
3.多用介词和漏用介词的情况。
4.这些短语中的 to 是介词(be/get used to,stick to,object to, lead to,devote to,be sentenced to,pay attention to,look forward to, come to等)。
5.当名词前面有this,that,next,last等词修饰时不用介词。
(1) Tom helped the old lady over the road. (over→cross)
(2) He has many other friends except me. (except→besides)
(3) We should serve for the people heart and soul. (去掉for)
(4) Whom do you believe the dictionary belongs?
(belongs后加to)
(5) Im looking forward to hear from you soon.(hear→hearing)
(6) They had a good time on that day.(去掉on)
五、形容词和副词的误用
1.比较级和最高级的用法。
2.形容词和副词的混用。
3.倍数的表达方法。
4.容易出错的几组副词(deep“深”,deeply“深深地”;high“高高地”highly“高度地”;wide“宽大地”,widely“广泛地”;close“靠近地”,closely“仔细地,密切地”;late“晚”,lately“最近”;hard“努力”,hardly“几乎不”)
5.由现在分词和过去分词转化来的形容词的混用。如interesting与interested,satisfying与satisfied,disappointing与disappointed等。
6.so...that结构与such...that结构的误用。
(1) We had a wonderfully time there.(wonderfully →wonderful)
(2) Lucky enough,a lot of neighbors came out and soon firefighters arrived.(lucky→luckily)
(3) This book is much interesting than that one.
(much→more或much后加more)
(4) I was praised high for it,which made my parents happy.
(high→highly)
(5) The boy is interesting in surfing the Internet.
(interesting→interested)
(6) Its so an interesting film that we all like it.(so→such)
六、动词的误用
1.及物动词与不及物动词。
2.连系动词的用法。
3.情态动词的用法。
4.动词的时态和语态。
5.非真实条件句中谓语动词的形式。
(1) They greeted to each other politely.(去掉to)
(2) The serious accident was happened in Jinan.(去掉was)
(3) They greeted to such a hurry that he knocks his brother down. (knocks→knocked)
(4) Lily and Linda were seeing near the tall building.
(seeing→seen)
(5) My brother told me that he would going to America.
(going→go)
(6) If you had listened to my advice ,you will be all right now . (will→would)
七、连词的误用
1.并列连词(and,but,or,while,so,for等)。
2.从属连词(that,if,whether,before,after,since,because,as soon as等)。
3.热点句型。
a.祈使句+and/or b.It is+一段时间+since...
c.强调句型 d.when作并列连词的用法
(1) “Your money and your life?” he was frightened. (and→or) (2) Though he is weak,but he does his best to do the work.
(去掉but)
(3) I was watching TV while someone knocked at the door.
(while→when)
(4) I doubt that youll succeed or not.(that→whether)
(5) I walk to school every day except that it rains.(that→when)
(6) It is ten years when we met.(when→since)
八、数词和主谓一致
1.语法一致原则。
2.意义一致原则。
3.就近一致原则(or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also,not...but,here,there引导的句子中)。
4.分数、百分数的表示法以及它们修饰名词作主语。
5.当主语后跟有with,together with,but,besides,except,like,as well as,more than,rather than,no less than等引起的短语时,谓语动词仍与前面的主语保持一致。
6.定语从句中的谓语动词由先行词的单复数决定。
(1) About two-third of the teacher in this school are women.
(two-third→two-thirds)
(2) Here come the bus.(come-comes)
(3) Either the students or the teacher are our friends.
(are→is)
(4) Mr Green,together with his children have come to China.
(have→has)
(5) The news that have been published in todays newspaper is not true.(have→has)
九、非谓语动词
1.非谓语动词之间的误用。
2.一感、二听、三让、五看,半帮助(feel, hear,listen to,have, let,make,see,notice,observe,watch,look at,help)等词后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to,但当这类句子变为被动结构时,不定式前面的to要补上去。
3.不定式符号to与介词to的混用。
(1) Judged from his accent,he must be from Shanghai.
(Judged→Judging)
(2) All the homework was finished, we went out.(去掉was)
(3) I often hear the girl to sing the song. (去掉to)
→The girl is often heard to sing the song.
(4) Im looking forward to you come here again.(come→coming)
(5) Seeing from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful. (seeing→seen)
十、词义的重叠
(1) Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to an American family. (去掉time)
(2) When I was a boy,the most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring Festival. (去掉when)
(3) Two years later,he returned back home.(去掉back)
(4) It is about 200 miles far away from London.(去掉far,若有数词,一般不用far)
十一、从句
引导词的误用、多用与漏用。
(1) I also enjoyed the days when we spent together.
(去掉when或when→that/which)
(2) I live in Beijing,where is the capital of China.
(where→which)
(3) I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei.
(whos→whose)
(4) It has been five years when we graduated.
(when→since)
(5) At the airport where all the baggage must be examined.
(去掉where)
(6) This book is written in such easy English as I can read it. (去掉it)
12.英语必背短文 篇十二
校读和改错是外语学习中的一种非常重要的能力。教育部制定的《新课程标准》 (以下简称《新课标》) (2003) 明确提出, 写作教学要培养规范的写作习惯;写作教学活动包括自我修改、相互修改和检查语言、逻辑、用词等。教学和考试息息相关。2013年有包括新课标全国卷Ⅰ, 新课标全国卷Ⅱ, 大纲全国卷, 陕西卷、辽宁卷、四川卷和浙江卷在内的7套高考英语试卷使用短文改错题型。本文以2013年高考英语7套试卷中的短文改错题为研究对象 (基本信息见表1) 探讨短文改错题的命题特征。
二、试题特征
1. 试题选材贴近学生生活, 注重情感态度, 具有文化特色。
2013年高考英语短文改错题体裁包括描写文、说明文、记叙文和应用文 (见表1) , 覆盖面广。话题主要涉及亲人、教师或朋友。如新课标全国卷Ⅰ描写记忆中的祖父, 大纲全国卷介绍自己的家庭成员, 陕西卷记叙和祖父一起钓鱼的经历, 辽宁卷讲述看望生病教师的经历, 四川卷记叙帮朋友在考试时作弊受警告处分的经历, 浙江卷抒发随家人搬家到新城市后的感受。这些选材围绕家庭生活、学校生活中的个人情感与经历, 注重人与人间的关系, 突出情感与态度的表达。此外, 新课标全国卷Ⅱ介绍了英国人喝下午茶的风俗, 具有文化特色。
2. 试题设计趋向统一。
7套试卷中有6套的短文改错题目创设了具体情境:假定英语课上老师要求修改同桌的作文, 要求学生找出文中的10处语言错误并改正, 每句最多两处。只有大纲全国卷依然采用原来的呈现形式, 即短文共10行, 要求考生判断是否有错, 无错就在该行右边横线上画钩, 有错则改正。
由表1可见, 短文改错题的篇章长度多在100词以上, 最长为浙江卷 (120词) , 最短为四川卷 (100词) , 差异较大。此外, 5套试卷的短文改错题分值均为10分, 一题一分, 陕西卷和四川卷的分值均为15分, 每题1.5分。笔者认为阅读量仅为约100词的短文改错题设15分, 分值偏高。
7套题中有6套的短文改错试题设疑方式包括错词、多词和缺词三种, 比例均为1:1:8, 只有大纲全国卷依然保留正确、错词、多词和缺词四种设疑方式, 比例为1:1:1:7。
3.考点分布面广, 但分布不平衡。
考点是指体现在试题选择项上的或大或小的关键点。高考英语短文改错题的考点主要涉及词法、句法和行文逻辑 (见表2) 。其中词法主要涉及名词、形容词、副词、代词等11种 (见表3) , 可见考点覆盖面广。然而考点分布不均匀。7套试卷的短文改错题对词法的考查均在一半以上, 四川卷10个小题中甚至有9个考查词法, 没有涉及句法, 新课标全国卷Ⅰ对词法的考查也有8个 (见表2) 。可见高考英语短文改错题应增加对句法的考查。
2013年高考英语短文改错题的热门词法考点有名词、冠词和时态 (见表3) , 7套试卷都有所涉及。名词主要考查单复数。如He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that... (2013年新课标全国卷Ⅰ答案:shoulder改成shoulders) 此外, 还涉及名词的书写形式, 如This made for the grow in the porcelain industry. (2013年新课标全国卷Ⅱ答案:grow改成growth) 对冠词的考查主要涉及定冠词或不定冠词的错用或漏用。如Yesterday afternoon, I paid visit to Mr.Johnson. (2013年辽宁卷答案:在visit前面加a) 对时态的考查都集中在一般现在时和一般过去时的误用。如Do you know why we move last week? (2013年浙江卷答案:把move改成moved)
此外, 副词、介词和非谓语动词也是考查的重点。副词主要考查副词辨析, 副词与形容词的混用。如I found the test difficulty, but I tried hardly to do it. (2013年四川卷答案:difficulty改成difficult hardly改成hard) , hardly和hard均为副词, 前者意思是“几乎不”, 后者意思是“努力地”。Interesting, it had a connection by the British porcelain industry. (2013年新课标全国卷Ⅱ答案:interesting改成interestingly, by改成with) 介词主要考查短语中的介词误用及介词冗余。如Every day, he spends too much time with his work. (2013年辽宁卷答案:with改成on) The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. (2013年新课标全国卷Ⅱ答案:去掉of) 非谓语动词主要考查其误用。如Suddenly, my best friend, asking me to ler her to copy my answers. (2013年四川卷答案asking改成asked, 去掉to) 题中将谓语动词误用成非谓语动词。这些考点都是学生英语学习中的难点, 也是学生在平时写作中经常出错的地方, 因此常常成为考查的重点。
关于句法, 对主谓一致的考查相对较多, 主要考查there be句型中be动词应与真正主语保持一致, 如Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and... (2013年陕西卷答案:were改成was) , 不可数名词作主语时的主谓一致, 如Hard work have made him very ill. (2013年辽宁卷答案:have改成has) 此外, 浙江卷还考查了受插入成分干扰的主谓一致。如Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend. (2013年浙江卷答案:is改成are) 除了主谓一致外, 还考查定语从句、时间状语从句、名词性从句。
对行文逻辑的考查多集中在连接词上, 要求考生通过联系上下文判断句子间的关系, 从而考查学生的语篇层次的理解、判断和修改能力。如We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. (2013年四川卷答案:so改成or) 通过联系上下文及理解句子的语意才能做出正确判断。
三、启示与建议
通过对2013年高考英语短文改错题的分析, 笔者尝试对高考英语短文改错题的命制及高中英语教学提供一些启示与建议。
1. 对短文改错试题的命制。
2013年高考英语短文改错题的体裁虽然覆盖范围较广, 但是没有涉及议论文, 应适当增加对议论文的考查;话题可以在原有基础上适当增加文学与艺术、文娱与体育等方面的内容。部分省市短文改错题应适当降低分值。合理分配考点势在必行, 应增加对句法的考查, 扩大句法考查的覆盖面。对同一考点的命制应适当提高难度, 如对时态的考查都集中在一般现在时和一般过去时, 而对学生英语学习中易出错的其他时态 (如现在完成时) 却没有涉及。此外, 还应增加行文逻辑方面的考查, 考查学生对语篇的理解和把握能力。
2. 高中英语教学。
短文改错可以测试考生在词、短语、句子及语篇各个层次上的知识 (刘建达、杨满珍, 2001) 。教师在高中英语教学中应鼓励学生扩大阅读量, 涉及多种体裁和题材的文章, 在阅读过程中掌握词汇、短语及句子, 并不断提高学生的语篇把握能力, 培养良好的语感。此外, 教师应引导学生在课堂上进行自改互改, 学会自我检查和反思, 查漏补缺, 打下扎实的语言基本功。
摘要:本文对2013年高考英语短文改错题进行横向研究, 结果表明, 试题选材贴近学生生活, 注重情感态度, 具有文化特色;试题设计趋向统一;考点分布面广, 但分布不平衡。文章对高考英语短文改错题的命制及高中英语教学提供一些启示与建议。
关键词:高考英语,短文改错,命题特征
参考文献
[1]刘建达, 杨满珍.成段改错题考了什么?[J].现代外语 (季刊) , 2001 (2) .
13.必背高考英语作文素材 篇十三
It just likes stroms,stopping our steps and upsetting our life.
In this world we are just biologies as the ants on the floor and the birds in the sky.Due to presencs we are living.We do not what will happen next seconds,included hardship.Once we are trapped in it,we will get lost on our ways.It is very difficult for us to overcome difficulty and go through the dark time.Even we could lost the enthusiasm of life,which will make us be tired of living.However,we love our families ,love our friends.Because of them human still live in the world.
Sometimes we will be caught in the strom,but all is going to be fine in the end.Just hold on ,guys .Your dream will come ture if you do not give up your life.All is well!
14.英语必背短文 篇十四
短文改错的题是一篇意思连贯,但有九行文字中各有一个语法或用词错误的英语短文。它所涉及的知识面很广,能力要求较高。而且题中所设的错误常常是考生自己在写作中经常出的语法错误,是专门针对考生的弱点而设的。但它又从另一个角度考查了语法知识的运用。因此,做题时,应从以下几个方面着手解题:动词使用错误;名词使用错误;形容词,副词使用错误;连词使用错误;代词使用错误;冠词使用错误;介词使用错误,上下文逻辑错误等。
在研究每一行的句子时,首先把握句子的意思,然后划分句子的成分:主语;谓语部分;宾语;状语:地点,时间,方式等。如果句子是并列句或复合句,先分开各部分小的分句,根据各个分句之间的关系判断使用的连词是否正确。然后再研究各个分句的成分。
(一)名词使用错误:名词一般在句中做主语或宾语,名词的错误主要在于名词单,复数的错误使用。
1.They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.: question是可数名词根据本句的意思,前面有lots of修饰,应当改为复数形式。2.We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.:subject是可数名词根据本句的意思,前面有quite a few修饰,应当改为复数形式。
3.We practise three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.:根据本句的意思match在此应当改为复数形式。
4.Happy birthday, Peter, and many return of the day.:return在此是名词,应当改为复数形式:many returns of the day是祝贺人们生日的固定用语:祝你健康长寿。
5.He said that she and my schoolmate all wishes me success.:all 在句中提示了除我以外schoolmate应当是复数形式。
6.On the way up I was taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.:picture应当改成复数形式,因为作者一路上忙于照相,不止仅照一张像。另外还要注意名词所有格形式上的错误使用。
That kind of lie, a little, does two things: it keeps your friend feeling from being hurt….:根据句子意思:有时一个小小的谎言(善意的)可以使你的朋友的感情免遭伤害friend应当改为friend’s
(二)动词使用的错误:
<一> 作为谓语动词,注意谓语动词在时态,语态,与主语是否一致以及用词方面的问题。1.My favourite sport is football.I was a member of our school team.:全句的基本时态应当是现在时,was应改为am 2.Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.:主谓一致的错误。Give的主语是Playing football,动名词作主语是单数形式,应改为:gives 3.I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.:前半句是说过去的事情used to do :过去常常做某事。use改为:used 4.…the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.Evening came down.:时态错误。全句是过去时态,passes 改为passed 5.As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.:动词形式的错误。句中有三个连续的动作做谓语。因此visit不是伴随状语,是第二个谓语动词,应该为visited.6.The Internet is a computer network that use the telephone system to link millions of computers around the world.:句中定语从句中的谓语动词use 的主语是先行词a computer network,是单数形式,所以按主谓一致的原则use改为:uses.<二> 作为非谓语动词,现在分词,过去分词,动名词,不定式形式的使用错误,同时注意非谓语动词在平行结构中出现的错误。
1.Not far from the hotel, there was a shop with all kinds of clothes hang up.:hang up在此做定语修饰先行词clothes,应改为现在分词形式表示挂着各种衣服。
2.He had worked on farms and in shops where he spent his spare time studied by himself.:定语从句是说:他把业余时间花在学习上,按句型结构:spend some time doing something.所以studied应改为:studying.<三> 形容词,副词使用错误:
注意:① 形容词和副词的比较级,原级,最高级使用方面的问题。② 修饰比较级的副词的错误使用。③ 以ing和以ed结尾的形容词的混用。④ 形容词和副词的混用。
1.I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting:much修饰比较级形式,在此没有比较级的意义,所以去掉much.2.I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.:形容词与副词混用。Have a wonderful time:过得非常愉快。wonderfully 改为:wonderful 3.…his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family who had no child.:本句含有so…that 句型。very改为:so 4.People will work few hours than they do now.:这是一个含比较级的句子。(句中有than),few 改为比较级形式fewer 5.Computers will be more smaller and useful….:比较级smaller前面的修饰词应该是副词much。More与多音节形容词或副词原形构成比较级。more改为much 6.Last week, I went to a movie, which was very moved.形容词moved指人受到感动。本句的定语从句的主语是movie。应当是moving.<四> 连词使用错误:并列句连词and与but的误用是历年高考题中常考的内容。复合句如宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句中主,从句的连接词的误用根据主从句的关系可以发现。1.My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there.:前后两句的关系是并列关系or应改为:and 2.My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.前后两句是并列关系不具有转折意义。but改为:and 3.It deosn’t matter that I would win or not.Matter后面的从句是whether…or not结构。That改为:whether 4.An Eskimo boy becomes a man since he kills his first polar bear.:根据句子意思:在Eskimo男孩杀死他的第一只北极熊之后,才真正成为一名男子汉。Since改为:after 5.The fine-furniture store ∧I work has been in business since the 1920s.:I work是定语从句修饰先行词The fine-furniture store,The fine-furniture store在从句中做地点状语,应加关系副词where.解题思路:
首先要理解整个短文的含义,逻辑关系,篇章结构。再仔细研究每一句的意义。借助划分句子成分的方法判断每一部分是否有错误。读句子时一定以整句为单位。【典型例题】
A(2004全国卷I)Dear Ralph I’m a newcomer here of a small town.I would 1.from describe myself as shy and quietly.Before my classmates, 2.quiet it seems always difficult for me to do things∧ well as 3.as them.I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as 4.at a fool.So I feel unhappy every day.5.√
Besides, I have few friends, I don’t know that they 6.why
don’t like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other 7.talk very well in class, but after class we become stranger at 8.strangers once.I am trying to improve the situation since it dosen’t 9.but seem to work.Can you tell me about what I should do? 10.about去掉 分析:
1.来自一个小镇的新生。强调“来自于”用介词:from 2.describe oneself as +形容词,所以quietly改为quiet 3.缺少连词,这是同级比较结构as…as,加上as 4.介词错误:词组laugh at somebody:嘲笑某人。
6.宾语从句连词的错误,that 本身没有意义可以省略,本句是说:我不知道他们为什么不喜欢我。
7.时态错误,全篇用的是现在时。
8.名词单复数的错误,主语是we,宾语与主语呼应,应该是复数形式。9.这是一个并列句,前后为转折关系。10.根据句子意思,about多余。
B全国卷III2004 You can find all kinds ∧information in just 1.of a few minute on the Internet.It’s like going to a 2.minutes huge library without have to walk around to find 3.having your books.Recently even though, many people 4.去掉even have been discussing the dangers of the Internet.5.√ They have been reports in America about people 6.There trying to steal person information for bad purposes.7.personal Finding information on the Net is easily.But not all 8.easy information are good to society.For example, you 9.is can find such information like how to kill people.10.as The problem will become more serious in the future.分析:
1.all kinds of是固定词组,of 不能缺少.2.a few 后面的名词是复数形式。minute是可数名词 3.without是介词,后面跟动词ing形式。
4.even though:即使,此处表示“虽然”。应去掉even 6.此处表示:在美国有报道说…..应当用表示“有…”的句型:there be… 7.此处表示“个人的信息”,需要用形容词做定语。personal:个人的。8.is后面是形容词形式。
9.information是不可数名词。后面的谓语动词用单数形式。10.such…as是固定句型。【模拟试题】(答题时间:45分钟)A You can find all kinds information in just 1._____ a few minute on the Internet.It’s like going to a 2._____ huge library without have to walk around to find 3._____ your books.Recently even though, many people 4._____ have been discussing the dangers of the Internet 5._____ They have been reports in America about people 6._______ trying to steal person information for bad purposes.7._______ Finding information on the Net is easily.But not all 8.________ information are good to society.For example, you 9.________ can find such information like how to kill people.10.________ The problem will become more serious in the future.B This is a story told by my father: “When I was boy, 1._________
The most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring 2._________ Festival.My grandma was the best cooker in the world 3._________ but could make the most delicious dishes.One time, I just 4._________ couldn’t wait for the Spring Festival dinner.As I was 5._________ about take a picture from a cooked duck, I saw Grandma in 6._________ the kitchen looking at me.Shake her hand, she said, ‘It 7._________ isn’t a good time to do that, dear.’ At once I apologize 8._________ and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.You 9._________ know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.” 10.________
参考答案 A 1.在kinds后面加of :all kinds of 是固定短语。这里缺少了介词of 2.名词“数”的错误, minute是可数名词,有a few修饰,应改为:minutes 3.have改为:having:without是介词,后面的动词应该是动名词形式。4.去掉even:even though:即使。此处表示:虽然。5.此行正确。
6.They改为:There:本句表示:有一份报告。用there be 句型。7.person改为:personal:此处指个人的信息,应该用形容词形式。8.easily改为easy:be后面接形容词。
9.are改为is:主语information是不可数名词。
10.like改为as:such…as为固定句型,表示:象……这样的……。B 分析:
1.boy是可数名词,第一次提到,前面必须加a 2.本句是说:欢渡春节。When在此多余.3.用词不当,cooker:炊具。Cook:厨师。4.前后两个分句是并列关系。
6.be about to do something 是固定句型。7.Shake her hand在本句中做伴随状语。应该用ing形式。8.全句都在叙述过去的事,用过去时。
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