考博英语英译汉

考博英语英译汉（精选7篇）

1.考博英语英译汉 篇一

考博心得之考博英语阅读理解

阅读理解在大家看来，是英语考试中最关键的部分，因为这部分所占的分数最多，在试卷中的地位举足轻重。有很多方面的书籍，介绍大家如何来提高阅读理解水平，却很少提到不同类别的英语考试试卷中，都有自己的出题特点。其结果是，大凡英语考试，大家都采用几乎一样的思考模式，这在相当程度上影响了具体类别考试复习时的针对性。

首先，介绍如何提高阅读理解的基本功

很多参考书中（推荐一本考博英语阅读理解精练220篇(上下册)）。都提到在阅读时，不能读出声来，要快速的阅读。要达到这个水平需要相当的训练，可惜的是大部分考生由于各种原因，没有这样的条件。根据个人的体会，阅读中，碰到的最大问题往往不是理解不了其中内容，经常让人头痛的是阅读过程中，会在一些关键地方碰到自己不认识的单词，大大影响了自己对文章的领悟。所以第一个基本功还是词汇部分，我们不需要把大纲中所有的词汇（考博英语10000词汇详解）都会拼写，因为除了写作之外，会认某个词与会写某个词没区别，即使是写作，用到的词也都是常见的。

学会用自己的呼吸来控制自己的阅读，进而提高阅读速度。这点可能不少朋友没有听说过吧，对，这是我自己体会后总结出来的。针对一个句子，大家要学着在吸气的过程中，看明白前半部分的意思，而在呼气的过程中，看明白后一半的内容。开始训练时，大部分人达不到这个要求，没关系，重新吸气，呼气，直到这个句子看懂。选择的文章不要太难，但也不能过于简单，仔细体会这个过程。

我比较推荐的一个方法是：充分利用选择填空题目，在要填空的位置上，先写上正确的答案，然后尝试着在一个呼吸过程中看懂它所表述的意思。这不仅将来能提高选择填空的阅读速度，也提高了语感。当训练的差不多后，可以转入阅读文章了，把呼吸和大脑的思维连贯性统一起来。

其次，阅读理解过程中，需要从头读到尾吗？

这个问题，我也曾经问了自己很多次。经过尝试后，我总结的经验是没必要。说起来大家可能不相信，我觉得阅读理解，如其说是阅读，不如说是把文章的内容结构搞懂：这篇阅读理解分了几个段落？每个段落中最重要的那个主旨句要表达的是什么意思？文章作者是以什么口气、什么态度来看待自己文章所描述的内容的？实际就是从宏观上把握作者的意图

全面阅读有什么不？第一个就是浪费时间，考试中的时间是最宝贵的，如果费了不少时间读懂了文章的某些内容（即使是比较重要的），可偏巧这在后边的题目中又没有体现出来，不就是浪费时间和精力吗？第二就是使得人容易忘记其他部分的内容，当我们看第一段的时候，看明白它的内容了，可当你把最后一段也看懂之，第一段的内容你还能记得多少呢？这个问题在阅读理解进行到第三篇，第四篇的时候尤其突出，以至于头晕脑胀。相信很多人有这个感觉，英语考试过程中，觉得自己脑力不够用，或者考试结束后有朦胧的倦意。这对后边题目的完成绝对是个巨大威胁。第三就是缺乏对整个文章的理解，由于在全面阅读过程中，人的精力集中在具体句子的理解上，冲淡了整体的认识，而几乎每个阅读理解后的题目中，总少不了1个或2个关于文章整体概括性的题目，稍有偏差，就会出错。

采用“跳读”的方法，可以克服全面阅读的缺点。这种阅读方法可以这样来描述：在阅读过程中，先试图把每个句子都读懂，当你觉得它不是主旨句后，就快速读过去，或者直接跳过去。当你读完之后，直接去做后边的题目，带着题目返回到文章中去寻找答案

“跳读”的主要目的有两个：一是把每一段的主要意思抓住，这一段主要讲的是哪一方面的内容，而不需要知道具体内容是什么；二是搞清楚文章的结构，从宏观整体上明白作者的语气、看法、态度。

带着题目返回文章中寻找答案。一般来说，阅读理解的题目是先问细节问题，再涉及文章中某一词是什么意思、某一复杂的句子在表达作者什么看法，最后是关于文章整体的理解。由于“跳读”占用的时间比较少，记的也比较清楚，所以一看到问细节问题后，基本上就知道去文章中哪个段落中去寻找答案了。如果看到了关于文章整体理解方面的题目，可以把各个段落中的主旨句联系起来判断，采用排除的方法，确定最佳答案。

最后，多多分析历年考试试卷，总结出相关“规律”（一种可以意会，而不可言传的经验）。我很想把自己总结的中科院英语博士入学考试试卷的具体规律写出来，可真的又不知道该如何写，只是在自己的感觉上觉得它就是这样。所以这点需要大家自己去意会，总结属于自己的“规律”。我在这里肯定的告诉各位：每个类别的英语考试，都有自己的侧重点，都有自己特殊的规律。

要善于分析阅读理解正文中的规律

1，每个段落的主旨句一般都在段的开头或者结尾，少部分在段的中间，这些句子的意思比较宽，覆盖了本段内容；在中科院英语博士入学考试中，每个阅读理解后边有6个问题，一般来说，有3-4个是细节部分，1-2个是正文概括性的题目，1个是关于正文中某个词汇或者某个句子的问题（有些阅读理解后边没有）。不幸的是，正文中比较长的，或者比较难懂的，或者有生词的句子，往往是题目中要涉及的。然而幸运的是这些句子虽然表面上看比较复杂、也很长。基本上不是带有复杂结构的简单句，就是并列句，再不就是双重否定句（其他的可能性就不是很大了）。在“跳读”中，如一时不能理解它的意思可以暂时放过，一旦题目中涉及到该句，切不可紧张，先分析结构，再层层理解。这时就考大家平时积累了，我强烈建议：在做模拟题的过程中，只要碰到这样的句子，就一定不要放过，摘抄下来后，研究一番：这个句子是如何构成的？它采用什么句式？而实际上某一类别英语考试中，经常拿来考的比较难的句型，翻来覆去也就那么几种，无非是填充了不同内容罢了，搞懂后就没什么神秘感。这种规律在其他试题类型中也存在，当题目类型确定后，命题小组的人就那么几个，成员相对比较稳定，每个人都有自己的偏向性，作为一个小组，出的题目有偏向性不足为奇，关键在于大家通过自己的研究，发现它的偏向特征。

如何去寻找那些“偏向特征”。当我们把历年的几套试题放在一起综合对比后，就可以按提供如下线索去体会：

都喜欢怎么问问题？比如说同样考察正文中的某个细节，有的类别考试喜欢把小问题问的很复杂，而有的则直接就问，但基本都是换了个说法去问的。这个时候，大家最去考察一下问的风格。综合所有阅读理解试题，可以感觉命题人喜欢在正文的哪些方面做文章。

B答案喜欢怎么给出？总的来说，答案直接与正文细节一一对应的几乎没有。但无外乎两个方面，一是把正文中内容直接用另一个方式表达出来，这种情况下，答案与正文中有不少单词是一样的；一是表面上看没有任何联系，但所说内容与正文意思一致，相对来说这种情况少见一些。

答案中一般有三种类情况，一是正确回答了问题；一是部分回答了问题，但意思不完整或者有偏差；一是干扰型，拿一些与正文无关的内容来扰乱考试者的思路。基于这一点，我才强调一定要在阅读过程中，掌握作者的写作结构，写作心态，与具体细节相互结合，一般就不难排除错误，给出正确答案。

答案中有些选项一看就知道是错误的，这些项往往语气非常肯定，后者所囊括的范围过于宽广。因此，提醒大家在阅读时，如果发现有了有表露作者口气、心态的词语，一定要多加留心，这些词语从一个侧面反映了作者的写作意图，与重要段落的主旨意相互呼应，就成了回答文章整体概括性题目的依据。

采用什么方法来做阅读理解的题目效果最？

我总结的经验是：排除法。细节的问题，往往来说比较回答，扫过一遍后，基本就可以确定正确答案。而概括性，判断性的题目，相对难些，选项中总有那么两个比较类似，只有语气，侧重点的区别。我推荐下列步骤

A，阅读理解的问题是什么？各个选项说的是什么意思？

B，选项与正文内容相比较，要把握仔细（语气，重要的形容词侧重）；

C，主要采用排除的方法做不很确定的题目；

D，每个段落的主旨句有关键作用

E，做完题目后，快速的回顾下各个问题的答案的意思是否前后对应，而不相互矛盾。

根据题目的不同情况，结合大家自己的理解，灵活处理。

在中科院英语博士入学考试中，还有一类特殊的题目：排序。这类题目与阅读理解部分不少是类似的，就不多说，提供以下参考：

A，注意段中的主旨句，往往决定了这个段落中某个选项的内容范围

B，由于选项有多的，容易引起误选，所以要注意可能的选项必须与本段内的细节，还有整体意是否相关，并符合；

C，根据排序位处于段落中的位置，如果在段首，有可能是主旨句，也有可能是承上启下的句子；如果在段中，注意前后相关；如果在段尾，要能完整主旨句在段落中的意思（并不一定如此，请大家灵活处理）。

D，确定所有选项后，注意整个正文在语意上是前后呼应的。

我做这类题目的一个小窍门是：先把各个选项的意思搞清楚，然后再去看正文，一边看，一边尝试着带如某个选项，再把这个选项与该段主旨句，邻近句子的细节相互对应起来，选择最恰当的一个。

说了这么多，关键还是自己去实践，做错了题很正常，无论如何一定要搞清楚自己为什么错了，思考命题人是如何设置“陷阱”来套自己的，而自己是犯了什么错误才掉进去的，要如何做才能避开它。正是在总结自己错误的过程中，才能总结出自己的经验。这些偏向性，往往都是在发现错误的过程中显现的。

2.考博英语英译汉 篇二

一、商务英语函电的特点

(一) 词汇特点。

1. 正式词语与一词多义的词语。

商务英语函电是用来传递商业信息, 陈述商务事实的, 且常常事关经济利益。所以商务英语函电的表达一般都是直截了当、简洁明快、淡于修饰。在选词方面不刻意追求华丽的词藻, 而尽可能地选用正规、庄重或表现力强的法律词语。比如:The obligations shall be affected by the liquidation of the contract nor by a premature termination of the same.此句中的liquidation和termination比其同义词cancel和end都较为正式。

商务英语函电语言中有大量的多义词, 即同一个词具有多种不同的意义。商务英语中同一个单词在不同情况下含义大相径庭, 这就需要译者认真理解, 找出恰如其分的词语, 准确通顺地表达出来。比如:cover作为名词时, 有“保险”之意, 例如:cover note。

2. 缩略词和专业术语。

为节省篇幅和时间, 商务英语信函中常常使用一些缩写和简称。这些缩略语大多沿用已久, 意义已约定俗成。常见的有, 货币代码, 如:USD (United States Dollars, ) ;国际贸易术语, 如:FOB (free on board, 离岸价) 等。商务语境赋予许多英语词汇特定的专业意义, 而专业意义又因不同的业务范围而异。因此, 翻译专业词汇时需要熟悉这些惯用表达。例如:Particular Average该词组中的Average源自法语, 与英语中的risk意思相近, 而不是日常用语中的“平均”之意。该词组应译为“单独海损”, 而非“特别平均”。sales literature中literature一词有“文学”、“资料”等意。若将sales literature直译为“销售文学”则与国际贸易业务毫无关联, 相比之下, 译文“促销资料”更为贴切。

(二) 句法特点。

1. 句式结构严谨。

商务英语函电的句子通常较长, 它往往将连续的短语、短句结合成一个较长的单句, 或一个独立的主从复合句或并列句, 但其语义分明, 形成完整准确、内容严谨的句式。而且这样的句子结构不易令人产生歧义和误解, 同时促进了国际商务活动的时效性, 也加速了商务信息的传递。例如:As the goods against your Order No.2305 have been ready for quite some time, it’s important that you take immediate action to having the covering L/C established as soon as possible.该句为主从复合句, 在从句中介词短语against修饰主语goods, 在主句中又用的是it为形式主语的主语从句, 但语义层次非常明确。

2. 长复合句偏多。

与其他文体相比, 商务英语函电在句子结构方面的突出特点就是大量采用较长的并列句和复合句。在商务交往中所写的信函与所发的传真都有可能是即将达成的合同的有效组成部分, 因此在商务函电中需要考究的句式和严密的逻辑性。为保证这种特性, 商务英语函电往往须将连续的短句结合成一个独立的主从复合句或并列句。函电英语复合句多, 这是因为商务英语函电涉及合同条款与交货条件等, 因此逻辑关系必须严谨准确, 不能含糊不清。

二、商务英语函电翻译时易犯的错误

(一) 对词和短语的误译。

商务英语函电翻译中常常会出现因为对词语和短语的理解不准确而发生误译现象。商务英语函电中的多义词的词义, 往往采用的是单词的延伸义, 翻译员往往凭着英语的基础知识, 只知道单词的基本词义, 而不懂得其延伸义, 造成理解的障碍。再者是对贸易术语理解不清或者不确切也常常导致各种错误的产生。所以在翻译时我们要格外注意这些词与短语。商务英语函电翻译中的一些词汇和概念往往有着丰富的特别的内涵。直接从词典中想当然地查找对应词往往是不可靠的。翻译时必须认真筛选易混淆的中文词语, 需要精确表达原文的含义, 否则容易造成词不达意或模棱两可的现象。例如:“please issue an irrevocable documentary letter of credit in our favor.”这里的“in our favor”, 不能理解为“对我方有利的”。再如, “Shipment not later than May first”, 应译成不晚于五月一日转运 (包括五月一日) ;“Shipment before May first”则不包含五月一日。虽是一天之差.但如果翻译不准确, 却可能造成严重的后果。

(二) 对句法结构的误判。

商务英语函电中经常出现结构复杂的长句, 往往会利用后置定语从句对所修饰的词进行解释、限制或补充, 以便使结构完整。而翻译员往往因为对句法结构理解不准确, 对句子结构不能够清晰的划分, 而造成翻译上的失误。有时, 翻译人员的思路会随着英语的表述方式走, 逐字逐句地翻译, 从而出现翻译过来的汉语连自己都难理解的现象, 汉语语句不符合中国人的表述方式。

三、商务英语函电的英译汉技巧

(一) 选择恰当的词义。

商务英语函电翻译的过程中一定要注意一词多意的现象, 如果仅仅依靠查字典, 是无法真正解决问题的, 必须要联系上下文的写作背景后, 通过仔细判断, 找出该词汇在文中所代表的真实含义。在商务英语函电中, 我们还会遇到一些词在其实际应用中与其它词语搭配后产生某些具体的专业性意义。比如下例中draw的含义:The seller is asked to draw a draft on with the bank of London.买方要求卖方在伦敦银行开立汇票。在日常英语中, “draw”意为“取出”, 在金融英语中意为“开立汇票”。

(二) 注意同义词和缩略词的翻译。

词汇是语言的最基本单位, 只有正确理解和翻译词汇, 才能正确理解和翻译句子和文章。为了交流的迅捷和简便, 大多数商务英语信函都出现大量的缩略术语, 经贸工作者必须了解这些术语缩略语的构成方式, 将其还原成原文, 从而使翻译规范化、标准化。商务英语的缩略词已经被人们广泛接受, 意义十分明确, 翻译时无需解释, 不过要准确地翻译缩略词, 则一定要知道缩略词的全称, 并且要理解其意义。

(三) 精练翻译语言。

在国际商务交往中, 使用精练的语言进行信息交流是非常重要的。针对这个特点, 商务英语函电的翻译应注意从易于理解的角度出发, 提高语句的精确度和清晰度, 而不是像文学作品翻译那样, 追求一些华丽的词藻。在词汇选择方面, 要选择使用较为常见的字词, 以保证词汇的国际通用性, 使其顺利并准确地转化为中文的相应含义。特别是涉及合同内容的语言, 因为具有法律约束力, 所以翻译时必须严谨, 不能任意填词造句。精准地翻译行业术语也是尤为重要的。进行商务英语函电翻译时不仅要求翻译人员要有实际的商务工作技能还需要其熟悉专业的行话、术语, 并理解术语的含义。换句话说, 翻译时一定要用行话来翻译行话。

(四) 理清脉络和句子结构。

商务英语函电中的语句结构以复合长句为主, 很少使用简单句。经常出现一段只有一句话的现象。然而对于这种复杂冗长的句子, 只要对原文进行仔细分析才能恰当地翻译原文, 使译文受众对作者的表意有明确的认识, 从而获得对原文较准确的感受。当遇到一个复合长句很难看懂时, 最简单有效的办法就是去寻找句子中出现了几个谓语动词, 然后划分句子结构, 弄清楚哪些是后置定语从句, 哪些内容是宾语从句等。值得注意的一点是一个单句中只能有一个谓语。翻译时首先必须理顺语句成分的层次及其关系, 联系上下文, 精确地把握词语的内蕴, 准确把握句意的脉络。根据汉语的句式特点, 重构原文传递的信息。必要时可进行词语增减, 语序和语句结构也可做适当调整, 进行灵活的转译。

(五) 忠于原文。

说到翻译原则以及标准, 忠实统一是最重要的, 翻译的最根本任务不是转换语言, 而是传达意思, 信息和内容, 所以商务英语函电的翻译不同于其他翻译, 它必须强调语义对等, 做到地道, 让读者有专业化的感受, 而不是一般的语言描述。忠实于原文要求翻译员在翻译商务英语函电时既要如实表达原函电内容的完整专业性, 又要符合原文的公文格式规范性的要求。忠实与通顺是息息相关的, 既要忠于原文又要通顺, 否则都会阻碍贸易的进行。因为商务英语函电关乎双方的利益, 因此, 商务英语函电的翻译应以准确清楚的语言, 统一规范的商务套句来表达, 关键词汇不能出半分差错。否则会给己方公司带来重大损失。

总之, 随着中国经济快速的发展以及国际间的商务联系的越发频繁, 商务英语函电作为商务联系的主要方式之一, 其翻译也变得越为重要。如果翻译环节出现问题, 势必会影响到外贸公司的工作效率, 甚至会造成严重的经济损失。这就要求翻译人员从词义和专业的角度出发, 结合上下文的背景去完整地理解词句, 保证译文所传达的信息与原文所传递的信息相一致。正确灵活地运用翻译技巧, 在商务英语函电翻译工作中具有重要的意义。

参考文献

[1].陈浩然.外贸英语翻译[M].北京:中国对外经济贸易出版社, 1987

[2].曹菱.商务英语信函[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2000

[3].高嘉勇.商务函电英语的语法特点[J].天津外国语学院学报, 2001

[4].树新.现在国际商务函电[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2008

3.考博英语英译汉 篇三

关键词:汉语习语;特点;翻译

中图分类号:G642.0 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1002—2589(2009)22—0207—02

前言

习语是人类智慧的结晶,文学艺术中的宝石、生活哲理的荟萃,是人民长期沿袭使用的定型词组或短句,是一个民族语言的核心和精华,其内涵丰富,形式精练,形象鲜明,富有极强的表现力。如果说语言是一个民族文化的瑰宝的话,那么习语便是这个瑰宝中最耀眼的一颗明珠。汉英两种语言都有极为丰富的习语。汉语习语在广义上包括成语、俗语、谚语、歇后语、格言和方言等,类别繁多,民族特色突出,正因为如此,汉语习语的翻译也比较复杂,要将其翻译成我们并非母语般熟练的英语来说更是艰难复杂。

一、汉语习语的特点

汉语的习语也称熟语。《现代汉语词典》(汉英双语,2002年)对熟语是这样定义的:熟语是固定词组,只能整个应用,不能随意变动其中成分,并且不能按一般的构词法来分析。其特点总结如下:

1.结构特点。汉语习语在结构方面有以下三个特点:(1)前后押韵。如:以牙还牙、以眼还眼等。(2)词语重叠。如,糊里糊涂;风餐露宿等。(3)相互对衬。如,狼吞虎咽;路途知马力,事久见人心等。

2.语言特点。习语是语言中独立、不规则而固定的因素。它有以下三个语言特点,即:(1)意义独立。如,汉语习语“露出马脚”的字面意义是“露出马的脚”,而它的独立意义却是“露出破绽”或“暴露缺点”等。(2)突破语法。如,“胡说八道”中的“八道”;“装蒜”、“吃不开”、“蹩脚”等都无法按字面推理。(3)自體完整。如,在汉语习语中可说“雪中送炭”,但不能说“雪里送煤”或“雪里赠煤”;“乱七八糟”不可改为“乱六七糟”等。

二、几种常用翻译方法

1.直译。直译能够比较完整地保留原习语的比喻形象、民族色彩和语言风格。因为有的汉语习语在英语中有与其相对应的习语,两者在意义和用法上基本一致,可采用直译的方式,以保持原文的特点。

例,(1)古时候要是一个人的眼睛被敌人挖了,他可以把敌人的眼睛挖出来当作是报复。这就是以牙还牙、以眼还眼的原则。

In ancient times if a man’s eye was put out by his enemy,he might get revenge by putting his enemy’s eye out. This was the rule of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.

An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth 出自《圣经》的《旧约·出埃及》二十一章。这一习语被汉语吸收,成为汉语习语中为数不多的外来语之一。既然英语习语和汉语的习语同出一辙,意义未变,就可以直译。

(2)他一家子在这儿,他的房子、地在这儿,他跑?跑了和尚跑不了庙(周立波《暴风骤雨》)。

Escape?But his home and property can’t escape.The monk may run away, but the temple can’t run with him.

俗语“跑了和尚跑不了庙”采用了直译,既保存了原习语的形象,又准确地传达了原意,也不会引起读者的错误联想。

2.意译。当直译有困难或勉强译出而英语读者无法理解时,一般应采用意译法。意译主要是指在翻译时忠实原文内容,抓住内容和喻意这一重要方面,摆脱原文结构束缚,牺牲形象、结合上下文比较灵活地传达原意。

例,(1)我要是有个三长两短,你给玉山捎个话!(杜鹏程《保卫延安》)

If anything should happen to me, let Yushan know!

“有个三长两短”比喻可能发生意外的不幸事件,保留其喻意,译为If anything should happen to me……即可。

(2)队员们十分清楚锦标赛的重要性,因此,人人精神振奋、摩拳擦掌,准备大干一场。

Knowing fully well the importance of the tournament, all the players pulled their socks up.

“摩拳擦掌”在汉语里的意思是“鼓起劲儿,准备大干一场”,我们在这里意译为“to pull one’s socks up”,不仅抓住了内容喻意,也表达出了原意。因为英语习语“to pull one's socks up”字面意思为“挽起你的袜子”,其实际意义为“鼓起劲儿”,和汉语“精神振奋、摩拳擦掌”是一个意思。

3.直译和意译兼用。顾名思义,就是在翻译时,采用直译又兼用意译,使译句保持原句的比喻形象再现原文的风格,又更加清晰地传达原文含义再现原文的内容。

例,(1)王冕一路风餐露宿,九十里大站,七十里小站,一径来到山东济南府地方。

Braving the wind and dew, Wang Mian travelled day after day past large posting stations and small, till he came to the city of Jinan.

汉语成语“风餐露宿”中的“风”和“露”分别直译为wind 和dew而“餐”和“宿”则不能直译,只能根据其含义意译为braving。

(2)她一个单身人,无亲无故……(曹禺《雷雨》)。

But this girl Mei was all by herself and far from home, without a single relative or friend to help her.

“无亲无故”直译为without a single relative or friend, 同时补充上to help her,点出其内在含义,使全句述意完整。

4.借用英语中的同义习语。英语里有些习语和汉语的一些习语采用相同或极其相似的形象或比喻,表达相通或极其相似的喻意。如,“猫哭耗子假慈悲”和shed a crocdile tears, “煽风点火”和to fan the flames等。遇到类似这种情况,就不妨借用英语同义习语来译。现举例如下:

例,(1)只有大胆地破釜沉舟地跟他们拼,还许有翻身的那一天!(曹禺《日出》)

All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day you’ll come out on top.

“to burn one’s boat”破釜沉舟,出自古罗马凯撒大帝出征作战时为士兵下定决心,决一死战,使士兵无退路,烧毁战船。汉语的破釜沉舟,出自楚霸王项羽,两句成语的寓意和构词上相似,所以借用英语to burn one’s boats来表达,无论在内容、形式、色彩等方面都十分吻合。

(2)我没有想到他对同志们的批评充耳不闻。

I did’t expect hime to turn a deaf ear to the comrade’s criticism.

“充耳不闻”,这里借用英语同义习语to turn a deaf ear to 来表达,也很妥帖。

5.节译。在汉语习语中,常有并列的对偶结构,用两个不同的喻体表达相通的喻意。例如:“取之不尽、用之不竭”,“铜墙铁壁”等。对此类汉语习语通常可采用节译法,即省去并列重复的部分,保留它的基本喻意。

例,(1)忽闻有人在牡丹亭畔,长吁短叹(罗贯中《三国演义》)。

Suddenly he heard a rustloe in the peony pavilion and someone sighing deeply.

“长吁”和“短叹”表示同一个概念,所以译文仅以sighing deeply概括这两者之意,无需既译“吁”又译“叹”。

(2)不是鬼使神差,好端端的他怎么会抽上了鸦片烟?

Had it not been for the influence of devils, how would a decent fellow like him hve taken to smoking opium?

“鬼使”和“神差”两者意思重叠,所以只译做the influence of devils就够了。

下列习语也可用节译法,例如,愁眉苦脸gloomy face,不学无术uneducated,断子绝孙die sonless等。

6.直译加注。加注是在译文中添加读者理解习语所需的文化信息和背景知识,从而既保留习语的比喻形象和文化蕴涵,又能确保原文意义或内容很好的传递给译文读者。一些含有典故的汉语习语为了保留原文的民族特色和形象常采用直译,但需要加注以避免使读者感到莫名其妙。

例,(1)班門弄斧

Show off one's efficiency with an axe before LuBan—the master carpenter.

为了便于英语读者理解,首先在译文中增译了show off one’s efficiency,点明了班门弄斧的喻义,又加注了理解该成语所需的文化背景信息,即鲁班是一名master carpenter。这样的处理方法既简洁明快又使读者一目了然。

(2)司马昭之心,路人皆知(《毛泽东选集》)二卷,681页)。

This SimaZhao trick is obvious to every man in the street.

“司马昭之心”译为Sima Zhao trick固然保留了原文典故中人物的姓名,但Sima Zhao trick是什么意思呢?若不加注,译文是无法理解的。所以加注Sima Zhao was a prime nimister of Wei(220—265)who nursed a secret ambition to usurp the throne.The emperor once remarked: “Sima Zhao’s intention is obvious to every man in the street.”

结束语

美国著名翻译家奈达曾指出,“译文接受者和译文信息之间的关系应该与原文接受者和原文信息之间的关系基本上相同”。在跨文化交际中,习语的翻译虽有各种不同的方法可采用,但要达到“基本相同”,就要对英汉两种语言尤其是习语产生的背景以及其内涵、喻意有正确的认识,在不同的具体情况下灵活处理,正确翻译,从而有效地进行跨文化言语交际,不断促进和加强各国人民之间文化的交流与融合。

参考文献:

[1]EugeneA.Nida.Towarda Science of Translating[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1964:159.

[2]金堤,等.效翻译探索[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004.

[3]吴瑾瑾.实用英汉翻译[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2005:43.

[4]吕瑞昌.汉英翻译教程[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1983:37-145.

4.考博英语自我介绍 篇四

考博英语自我介绍模板1

Good afternoon!Professors ：

I am honored to introduce myself.My name is ** 30 years old, born in ** city, ** province.In year 20xx and 20xx, I received my Bachelor degree and Master degree in **i University.I major in **．

After my graduation, I got a job in **.In the past three years, I was involved in several research projects, such as **。Owning to my hard work, I was rewarded the Excellent Prize in the successive three years.However, with time going on, the more I experienced, the clearer I realized that I am really interested in the exchange process of **.I find that the similar and complicated problems rise in my study subject, so I’m eager to cognize more about this field and I hope I can study further in this University ．

So I am standing here now.I am really excited.I believe what I am doing is a right thing.Thank you!

考博英语自我介绍模板2

Good morning, Dear Professors:

It’s my honor to introduce myself.My name is XXX, I am fromXXCountyXXProvince, December XXXX I was born in a poor family, and my parents are farmers, I love and respect them very much.We were delight with my becoming a fresh man in September 1997.Luckily, I was permitted to be a graduate student after 4 years colorful life on campus.I received my Bachelor degree20** inXX Institute of Science and Technology, then a Master degree20** inXX University of Science and Technology.For those 7 years my major was Die Design.Before I received my Master degree, I had done the subject of XXXXXXXXXXX.For the past 3 years, I have been inXXXXXXCollege, where I have been and still am a teacher.I teach students Machine Design etc.I have published more than 10 first-author papers.That’s all, thanks!

考博英语自我介绍模板3

Since I was a postgraduate student, I have been interested in scientific research.In the past few years, I published more than 10 papers about the high

5.考博英语摘要练习 篇五

Before giant waves slammed into Sri Lanka and Indian coastlines ten days ago, wild and domestic animals seemed to know what was about to happen and fled to safety.According to eyewitness accounts, the following events happened: Elephants screamed and ran for higher ground.Dogs refused to go outdoors.Flamingos abandoned their low-lying breeding areas.Zoo animals rushed into their shelters and could not he enticed to come back out.The belief that wild and domestic animals possess a sixth sense--and knowing in advance when the earth is going to shake--has been around for centuries.Wildlife experts believe animals’ more acute hearing and other senses might enable them to hear or feel the Earth’s vibration, tipping them off to approaching disaster long before humans realize what’s going on.The massive tsunami was triggered by a magnitude 9 temblor off the coast of northern Sumatra island on December 26.The giant waves rolled through the Indian Ocean, killing more than 150,OOO people in a dozens of countries.Relatively few animals have been reported dead, however, reviving speculation that animals somehow sense impending disaster.Ravi Corea, president of the Sri Lanka wildlife Conservation Society was in Sri Lanka when the massive waves struck.Afterward, he traveled to the Patanangala beach inside Yala National Park, where some 60 visitors were washed away.The beach was one of the worst hit areas of the 500-squar-mile wildlife reserve, which is home to a variety of animals, including elephants, leopards, and 130 species of birds.Corea did not see any animal carcasses nor did the park personnel know of any, other than two water buffalos that had died, he said.Along India’s Cuddalore coast, where thousands of people perished, them Indo-Asian News Service reported that buffalos, goats, and dogs were found unharmed.Flamingos that breed this time of year at the Point Calimere wildlife sanctuary in India flew to higher ground beforehand, the news service reported.This article illustrates that animals do sense the natural disasters like the tsunami coming by their sixth sense.According to eyewitness accounts, the following events conducted by the animals such as the elephants, dogs, flamingos and a lot of animals in the zoo seemed to know what was about to happen and fled to safety.The belief that wild and domestic animals possess a sixth sense--and knowing in advance when the earth is going to shake--has been around for centuries.Wildlife experts believe animals’ more acute hearing and other senses might enable them to hear or feel the Earth’s vibration, tipping them off to approaching disaster long before humans realize what’s going on.The massive tsunami was triggered by a magnitude 9 temblor off the coast of northern Sumatra island on December 26.The giant waves rolled through the Indian Ocean, killing more than 150,OOO people in a dozens of countries.Patanangala beach was one of the worst hit areas of the 500-squar-mile wildlife reserve, which is home to a variety of animals, including elephants, leopards, and 130 species of birds.After the massive waves struck some 60 visitors were washed away.But people did not see any animal carcasses nor did the park personnel know of any, other than two water buffalos that had died.This is really a maricle.Therefore it is very important to study the sixth sense existing inside the animal body and making use of the discovery to benefit the human beings.2.Did Humans Lose Their Sixth Sense?

At one time humans also had this sixth sense, Rabinowitz said, but lost the ability, when it was no longer needed or used.Joyce Poole is director of the Savanna Elephant Vocalization Project, which has its headquarters in Norway.She said the reports of Sri Lanka’s elephants in Kenya for 25 years.She said the reports of Sri Lanka’s elephants fleeing to higher ground didn’t surprise her.Research on both acoustic and seismic communication indicates that elephants could easily pick up vibrations generated from the massive earthquake-tsunami, she said.People has also experienced this Firsthand.“I have been with elephants during two small tremors and on both occasions the elephants ran in alarm several seconds before I felt the tremor,”she said.One of the worlds’ most earthquake-prone countries is Japan, where devastation has taken countless lives and caused enormous damage to property.Researchers there have long studied animals in hopes of discovering what they he81of feel before the earth shakes.They hope that animals may be used as a prediction tool.Some US seismologists, on the other hand, are skeptical.There have been documented cases of strange animal behavior prior to earthquakes.But the United States Geological Survey(USGS), a government agency that provides scientific information about the Earth, says a reproducible connection between a specific behavior and the occurrence of a quake has never been made.“What we’re faced with is a lot of anecdotes,”said Andy Michael, a geophysicist at USGS.” Animals react to so many things--being hungry，defending their territories，mating，predators--so it’s hard to have a controlled study to get that advanced warning signal.”

In the 1970s,a few studies on animal prediction were done by USGS, “but

nothing concrete came out of it,” Michael said。Since that time the agency has made no further investigations into the theory.Humans once had the sixth sense but sometimes later lost the ability because it was no longer used.Present days, people discovered that some animals still have the sixth sense.For example elephants, in prior to be aware before a disaster hits, humans are now trying to use animals as a prediction tool.Although there are facts to prove that animals’ behavior change before a natural disaster, still some seismologists doubt that statement is true.People had made various investigations on animals’ sixth sense, but nothing concrete came out of it.Since the 1970s no one had made further investigation into the theory.自己翻的Baths and bathing have long been considered of medical importantce to man.In Greece there are the ruins of a battub and water system built over 3,000 persons could bathe at the same time.Treating disease by bathing has been popular for centuries.Modern medicinal bathing,or hydrutherapy,first became popular in Europe and by the late 1700`salso became popular in the United States.For many years also frequent bathing was believed to be bad for one`s health.Ordinary bathing just to be clean was avoided and perfume was often used to cover up body smells!

By the 1700`s doctor began to say that soap and water were good for heath.They believed that it was good for people to be clean.Slowly,people began to bathe more frequently.During the Victorian Age of the late 19th century,talking a bath on Saturday night bacame common.In the United States ordinarybathing was slow to bacome popular.During the 18th and early 19th centuries,many Americans were known as “The Great Unwashed!”In one American city,for example,aperson could only take a bath every thirty days!That was law!

6.2004年考博英语题 篇六

一、Directions 1.My brother knows so much about the stars that I am sure it would be impossible to find his _____.A.equivalent

B.equity C.equality

D.equal 答案：D.equal 2.The young couple had made their fortunes by developing a ____travel business at home.A.beneficial

B.profitable C.regenerative

D.financial 答案：B.profitable 3.The two scientists working independently made the same invention ____.A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously C.collaboratively

D.elaborately 答案：B.simultaneously 4.the scientist’s discovery will have a ______influence on mankind.A.gross

B.solid C.complete

D.profound 答案：D.profound 5.when he recited the passage by _____, he revealed that he was reproducing _____without understanding their meaning.A.after /cause

B.sounds/meaning C.sounds/pronunciation

D.rote/sounds 答案：C.sounds/pronunciation 6.were the diameter of a wire smaller diameter, its resistance _______.A.had been increased

B.would be increased C.might have been increased

D.was increased 答案：B.would be increased 7.all of us decided to stop and have dinner, _____we were feeling very hungry A.moreover

B.for C.whereas

D.consequently 答案：B.for 8.The number and diversity of British newspaper _____considerable.A.have been

B.are C.were

D.is 答案：D.is 9.Mary is reading ______.A.an exciting, detective old story

B.an old, exciting, detective story C.an exciting, old detective story

D.a detective, old exciting story 答案：C.an exciting, old detective story 10.having potential energy, a body may be in motion without any external force____.A.to act it

B.acting on it C.act on it

D.acts on it 答案：B.acting on it 11.He has only a _____understanding of astronomy.A.original

B.superficial C.critical

D.identical 答案：B.superficial 12.he was too sick to stay here, _____we sent him home.A.however

B.furthermore C.otherwise

D.accordingly 答案：D.accordingly 13.I believe the house was ____ set fire to.A.deliberately

B.credibly C.violently

D.vigorously 答案：A.deliberately 14.The managing director took the ____for the accident although it was not really his fault.A.guilt

B.blame C.change

D.accusation 答案：B.blame 15.They managed to ______ valuable raw materials from industrial wasters.A.reclaim

B.reconcile C.rectify

D.regulate 答案：A.reclaim 16.Logging at 5 p.m.is part of his daily _____.A.habit

B.practice C.routine

D.custom 答案：C.routine 17.Sounding a big city one usually finds the _____ and industrial belts A.habitat

B.inhabited C.dwelling

D.residential 答案：D.residential 18.it was clear that the garden was no more amateur affair, it had been professionally ______.A.laid out

B.laid down C.laid off

D.laid aside 答案：A.laid out 19.Each one of us advised him not to sign the contract with her, but ____.A.to good purpose

B.for the purpose C.in good shape

D.to any purpose 答案：B.for the purpose 20.I spend much time on that composition and I would _____ it if you would do the same when you mark it.A.modify

B.decorate

C.compile

D.appreciate 答案：D.appreciate

二、Reading comprehension 1.What is the best title for this passage? A.science and the trumpet B.recordings of the trumpet C.the trumpet and its ancestry D.how the trumpet is made 答案：C.the trumpet and its ancestry 2.It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is needed to make the trumpet work? A.air pressure

B.keen eyesight

C.daily cleaning

D.long fingers 答案：A.air pressure 3.Which of the following can be inferred about the first trumpet players? A.they could not play all the notes of the scale B.they were not able to pick up the trumpet C.they could not play simple tunes D.they had difficulty improving upon the trumpet 答案：A.they could not play all the notes of the scale 4.The word “one ”(1st sentence of 4th para.)could best be replaced by

A.the listener

B.a family

C.the composer

D.an instrument 答案：A.the listener 5.The author believe that the trumpet is particularly important because it A.can be used in rock bands B.had historical significance C.is a religious instrument D.has a narrow range 答案：B.had historical significance 6.according to the passage, it is difficult to be certain about the distant future of the universe because we---A.have too many conflicting theories B.do not have enough funding to continue our research C.are not sure how the universe is put together D.think too much of our present situation 答案：C.are not sure how the universe is put together 7.What does the author see as the function of the universe’s unseen switches? A.they tell us which one of the tracks the universe will use B.they enable us to alter the course of the universe C.they give us information about the lunar surface D.they determine which course the universe will take in the future 答案：D.they determine which course the universe will take in the future 8.Which of the following could best replace the word “track”(6th sentence of 2nd para.)A.band

B.rails

C.path

D.sequence 答案：C.path 9.For whom is the author probably writing this passage? A.train engineers B.general audiences C.professors of statistics D.young children 答案：B.general audiences 10.Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage? A.a statement illustrated by analogy B.a hypotheses supported by documentation C.a comparison of two contrasting theories D.a critical analysis of a common assumption 答案： A.a statement illustrated by analogy 11.from the information presented by the author, it seem s that crows_______.A.can communicate wit on another B.are relatively easy to catch C.usually succeed in bobbing the nests of smaller birds D.do damage to gardens grain fields and orchards 答案：C.usually succeed in bobbing the nests of smaller birds 12.what do the sentinels do> A.they give signals to the crows if any danger is coming near.B.they discover good places for the crows to build their nests.C.they find fields and gardens that can supply the crows with food.D.they defend the crows against the attacks of the small birds.答案：A.they give signals to the crows if any danger is coming near.13.what is the effect of man’s war against crows?

A.“crow shoots” are reducing the number of crows.B.crows are just as numerous as they ever were C.scarecrows are driving crows from the United States D.crows are doing more and more damager all the time 答案：B.crows are just as numerous as they ever were 14.crows help the farmer by _____.A.warning him when danger approach B.learning to say words C.D.catch bugs and other insects 答案：D.catch bugs and other insects 15.what is the author’s feeling about crows?

A.he thinks that they are harmful and should be controlled B.he thinks that their voices are interesting and should be trained C.he enjoys studying them and their habits D.he likes theme and wants to protect them 答案：D.he likes theme and wants to protect them 16.What does the passage mainly discuss? A.American political parties in the twentieth century B.the role of ideology in American polities C.the future direction of Unites States polities D.differences between Republican and Democrats 答案：A.American political parties in the twentieth century 17.according to the passage, what is true of the major political parties in the United States? A.they are both generally conservative B.party organization has been stronger at the state level than at the national level C.party organization has increased their influence in recent years D.Democrats have been stronger than Republican at the national level 答案：B.party organization has been stronger at the state level than at the national level 18.The passage mentions all of the following as causes of the decline of political organizations in the United States except---A.increased numbers of immigrants B.development of the welfare states C.improved conditions for state workers D.the influence of television 答案：A.increased numbers of immigrants 19.The passage supports which of the following conclusions? A.Democrats are more committed than Republicans to a market-oriented economy B.Republicans are more liberal than Democrats C.Republicans and Democrats tend to be flexible on ideological questions D.only Democrats have traditional political organizations 答案：C.Republicans and Democrats tend to be flexible on ideological questions 20.The word “irrelevant” in the last sentence of the passage is closest in meaning to---A.unquestioning

B.uninteresting C.unimportant

D.invalid 答案：B.uninteresting 21.According to behaviorism, all human actions_________.A.are based on stimulus and response

B.have no bearing on human drives

C.are supposed to be highly motivated

D.are of a great mystery

答案：A.are based on stimulus and response 22.Behaviorism basically believes in_______.A.motivation

B.Performance C.rewards

D.human factors 答案：C.rewards

23.From the passage, it can be inferred that _______.A.rewards are highly effective in America

B.rewards are not much soughtafter in academic circles

C.rewards have long lost their appeal in American society

D.Americans are addicted to rewards 答案：D.Americans are addicted to rewards

24.The children’s behavior in the last paragraph_______.A.can be best explained be behaviorism

B.can be linked to Pavlov’s dogs

C.shows that rewards may well kill desire

D.serve to provided evidence to behaviorism 答案：C.shows that rewards may well kill desire

25.Which of the following in support of the finding that “people tend to perform worse,…when a reward is involved”(last paragraph)? A.People are not used to being conditioned by prizes.B.Rewards, like punishments, are attempts to control behavior.C.Rewards are so indispensable to American cultures.D.The principle of “positive reinforcement” in not fully enforced.答案：B.Rewards, like punishments, are attempts to control behavior.26.Dr Adams left London---A.two days before the conference B.on Wednesday 16th

C.on the day before the conference D.on the 13th

答案：D.on the 13th

27.Dr Adams---A.was a good traveler B.found long journeys exhausting C.usually fell asleep on long journeys D.was a keen sightseer 答案：B.found long journeys exhausting 28.After dinner Dr Adams and his companion---A.sat and talked B.went to bed early C.went out into the streets of New Delhi D.caught the plane to Colombo 答案：C.went out into the streets of New Delhi 29.All the delegates to the conference were---A.students of the Commonwealth School of Tropical Agriculture B.from the developing countries C.from Africa D.agricultural experts 答案：D.agricultural experts 30.The “old friends” that Dr Adams met were---A.ex-students of the Commonwealth School of Tropical Agriculture B.people he has worked with before C.delegates he had met at the hotel D.delegates who were interested in his lecture 答案：A.ex-students of the Commonwealth School of Tropical Agriculture 31.The action of the story takes place in _______.A.England B.Johnstown C.New York City D.Not mentioned 答案：B.Johnstown 32.What type of experience did Megan have on Friday afternoon? A.happy B.uninteresting C.depressing D.frightening 答案：D.frightening 33.How do you think Megan felt when she saw the wall of water? A.brave B.curious C.horrified D.disappointed 答案：C.horrified 34.Why do you think the people around Megan to pray? A.because they felt thankful B.because they wanted to impress Megan C.because they were very afraid D.because they asked for others’ help 答案：C.because they were very afraid 35.What do you think the ray of light meant to Megan? A.that there might be a way out B.that she could see well enough to read C.that someone was searching for her D.that there was no danger at all 答案：A.that there might be a way out

三、Translation 1.He had not want to hurt her, but an itch to dominate pushed him on to say.答案： 他并不想伤害她，但是一种渴望激励着他还是说了。

2.in a dangerous and uncertain world, the strengthening of national defense is the best guarantee of a nation’s vital interests.答案：在这个危险和不稳定的世界里，巩固国防是国家利益的最好保障。

3.The ancient water that brought soil to these mountain valleys had no reaching the sea, so they spread out in shallow lake.答案：古老的水把这些土壤带到了山谷，水却没有流到海里，因此他们流进了小湖。

4.while there are thousands of stocks, the ones bought and sold most

frequency are usually listed on the New York Stock Exchange.答案：虽然这里有上千支股票，但是交易最频繁的都被列在纽约的证劵交易所。5.Spanish missionaries who brought their knowledge and their seedlings here from their native country were the first to grow wine here.答案：西班牙传教士从他们自己国家带来了他们的知识和幼苗，并在这里第一次生产了葡萄酒。6.“You’ve got to be careful of these Eastern lawyers.If you are not careful they’ll take you and turn you hustle out”

答案：你们要小心这些东方的律师，如果不小心，他们会把你们挤走。

7.Laura wished that she was not holding that piece of bread-and-butter, but there was nowhere to put it and she couldn’t possibly throw it away.答案：劳拉希望她没有拿那块黄油面包，但是现在没有地方放，她也不可能扔掉。

8.the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)was established to control and abate pollution in the basic areas of air, water, solid waste, pesticides, noise, and radiation.答案：美国环境保护局负责控制和减轻空气、水、固体垃圾、农药、噪音和辐射的这些基本领域的污染。

9.When one individual inflicts bodily injury upon another, such injury that death results.We call the deed man-slaughter when the litigant knew in advance that the injury would be fatal, we call his deed murder.答案：如果一个人伤害了另一个人的身体，而且这种伤害致被害人于死，我们就把这种行为叫做过失杀人；如果诉讼当事人事先知道这种伤害会致人于死，那么我们就把他的行为叫做谋杀。

10.Government provides tax write-offs for corporate philanthropy out of the belief that many centers of support for socially needed programs help contribute to a dynamic solution to the human problems of society

7.考博英语英译汉 篇七

一、提高学习兴趣

在初高中, 英语教学以中考、高考为指挥棒, 学生通过反复操练单词、短语及句型结构逐步积累提高自己的英语基础知识。进入大学后, 学生迫切希望能有自由自主的英语学习环境和各类学习资料。除了各类英语教材, 学生面对的英语学习资料琳琅满目, 诸如四六级、考研、BEC、口译、托福、雅思等, 这些材料涉及内容广泛, 题材大多相对严谨, 学生通常难以乐在其中。兴趣是最好的老师, 大学生热衷于对新鲜事物的探索和追求。英语教师可以抓住这一点, 在课堂上适当引入流行语英译, 让学生觉得大学英语课不仅仅是阳春白雪, 也很接地气。

在教学Book 1 Unit 6 Romance (全新版大学英语 (第二版) , 以下同) 时, 教师可以将学生喜闻乐见的各种类型男女生英译:凤凰男 (phoenix man) 、经适男 (budget husband) 、食草男 (herbivore man) 、乙男 (B man) 、贝塔男 (beta boy) 、牛奋男 (promising bull) 、girly girl (萌妹子) 、valley girl (脑残女) 、fashionista (御女) 、tomboy (女汉子) 等引入课堂, 既让学生觉得兴趣盎然, 也贴合教学内容, 为学生进行下一步的探讨学习提供素材。在课堂上, 学生会感觉英语课也有其新奇有趣的一面, 从而有意识地期待下次课的惊喜。课后他们也会自发了解、收集部分流行语英译, 开阔视野, 明白英语学习不仅仅局限于课堂、书本和老师。

二、丰富教学内容

目前国内高校使用的大学英语教材都由知名专家学者组成的团队历时几年编纂而成, 随着时间的推移, 每隔几年便耗费大量人力物力再次修订。以全新版大学英语综合教程为例, 其在2010年出版发行了最新版第二版, 这套教程1—4册32篇Section A课文中有1篇发表于1962年, 1篇1975年, 5篇1980年, 15篇1990年, 10篇2000年。由此可见, 无论专家学者如何与时俱进, 教程的编写出版发行还是与学生的学习生活相比有些许滞后。流行语英译紧跟时代发展, 恰好在某种程度上可以适当填补教材与学生学习生活实际的间隙。教师在课堂上联系教学内容与学生的学习生活实践引入合适的流行语英译及相关知识, 无疑比等待一套更完善的教材更行之有效。广大教师处于教学的第一线, 可以随时适当调整教学内容, 尽可能最快速地让学生接触到最时兴、最及时的信息。

科学技术的迅猛发展, 经济全球化, 生活现代化, 新的产品、服务、消费等很快渗入人们的日常生活, 各类新的词汇纷至沓来。英语则是兼收性、包容性最强的语种之一, 很快将这些词收录进去。针对大学英语学习, 流行语英译可以扩大学生英语词汇量, 了解英语作为国际语言的独特性。例如现今人们口头常说的“土豪”一词, 很快就登上了BBC, 直接用音译法译为tuhao, 既保留了该词所表达的内涵, 也有利于该词的传播与发展, 旧词新用, 别有一番特色。教师在处理相关主题的教学内容时, 可以适当提及流行的网购方式团购 (group buying) 、秒杀 (seckill) ;与老百姓生活实践紧密联系的蜗居 (dwelling narrowness;bedsitter, pigeonhole) 、吃货 (foodie;foodaholic) 、啃老族 (NEET, NEET group) 、空巢 (empty nest) 、闪婚 (flash marriage;lightening marriage) 、蚁族 (antlike graduates;tribes of ants) 、山寨 (copycat) 、自拍 (selfie) 、网民用来发表观点意见的打酱油 (get some soy sauce;pass by) 、泪奔 (tears run) 、暴走 (go ballistic, trudge) 、吐槽 (disclose one’s secret) 、菜鸟 (rookie;freshman) , 等等, 将这些生动鲜活的例子运用在课堂上, 适当扩充学生的知识面。

此外, 流行语英译可以让学生更进一步了解、熟悉、掌握英语的构词法、翻译方法和技巧等基础知识, 将枯燥的理论知识用生动有趣的语言实例来阐述, 学生不会觉得乏味而产生抵制厌学的心理。

三、完善学习方法

面对日新月异的知识和信息, 经济教育全球化等挑战, 能够自主独立学习乃至终身学习是教育的首要任务之一。鉴于我国教育的实际情况以及学生身心发展的科学规律, 大学是培养学生自主学习能力最重要的阵地。而作为学生接触、了解、习得外国文化的重要窗口之一, 大学英语教学责无旁贷。但我国的大学英语教育在很大程度都是语言被当做知识, 很少将语言作为技能, 培养学生的语言应用能力。在大学英语课堂中, 教师适当地引入流行语英译, 学生在日常学习生活中会下意识地关注、了解, 与他人分享他们所接触倒的流行语英译以及其他感兴趣的课题。在此过程中, 教师可以引导学生尝试对自己感兴趣的知识进行研究:其来源出处、相关的理论背景基础知识、目前的状况和特点、发展演变的过程及特点、未来可能的发展方向和趋势等。学生在研究探讨的过程中逐步培养提升自己的分析、解决问题的基本技巧、基本方法等。

如处理运动题材教学内容时, 教师可适时引入foulsball一词, 与学生一起探讨:foulsball其中文的意思为中国足球, 大约产生于2010年世界杯期间, 实则是对中国足球界的一种贬义描述。这个单词分解来看:“foul ball”是“界外球”的意思。而“foul”这个单词是“肮脏的, 恶劣的, 犯规的”意思。整个合起来却可以被网友们用来代指“中国足球”。2010年6月11日南非世界杯开赛, 兴奋了地球人, 也兴奋了大部分的中国人。中国人充满了欣赏和参与的热情, 但是目前中国的足球技术还无法让中国人拥有参与的热情。于是网友们开始调侃, 甚至创造了“foul ball”这样的单词。通过这样的研究探讨方式, 学生在将来的学习工作生活中碰到需要解决的问题能心中有数, 不至于茫然无措, 无从下手。术业有专攻, 闻道有先后。大学生拥有无限的想象力和创造力。有不少领域, 专家学者老师还未曾关注或关注不多, 学生经过自己的刻苦钻研已有所斩获。

四、拓展师生互动

在传统的大学英语教学模式里, 考试考什么, 教师就教什么, 学生就学什么。学生以教师为权威, 以教材为圣经, 不敢越雷池一步。这样学生的想象力和创造力会受到束缚, 教师的学习、教学能力也得不到提升。通过在大学英语课堂上师生共同分享流行语的英译, 教师可以更好地以此为契机了解学生所思所想, 在教学工作中能够根据学生的具体实际, 进一步完善自己的知识结构体系, 做到教学相长。作为教师, 无论你智力勤奋因素如何, 所获取的知识和信息终归是有限的。而且我国大学英语教师普遍面临超负荷的课时压力和科研压力, 在知识的更新和完善上步履艰难。通过与学生分享流行语的英译, 一方面教师教课时可以准备新的教学材料, 调整教学内容和方法, 用自己的独立思想和意识感染学生;另一方面, 学生也可以通过教师的引导、协调, 从对教师的依赖中适当得到解放, 拥有更积极热情的学习心态, 能够与教师在知识的应用和交流上相互学习, 相互促进, 相互提高。同时也可以拉近师生距离, 和谐师生关系, 让学生拥有适当的满足感、成就感, 更有信心面对今后的学习工作。

随着科学文化知识的进步, 计算机互联网的普及, 新的流行词汇层出不穷。大学生这个庞大的群体, 由于其生理、心理的独特性在流行语的创造、普及和发展过程中发挥着关键的作用。大学英语教师在课堂上适当引入流行语英译, 因势利导, 可以适当提高学生学习英语的兴趣, 丰富课堂教学内容, 逐步培养学生自主学习的能力, 教学相长。

摘要：很多流行热词在运用、传播的过程中很快有了相关的英译表达方式。本文从学习兴趣、教学内容、学习方法及师生互动四个方面探讨了如何将该类词汇的英译适当应用于大学英语教学, 让运用、传播该类词汇主体的大学生能有效利用这一资源去提升自身的英语水平。

关键词：热词,英译,大学英语教学

参考文献

[1]陈德彰.热词新语翻译谭[M].中国对外翻译出版公司, 2011.

[2]李敏, 柏雪, 陈芮.浅议网络流行语的英译[J].考试周刊, 2014 (58) .

[3]刘小华.目的论视角下汉语流行语的英译[D].西北大学, 2014.

[4]刘彦仕.模因论观照下的流行热词以及英译策略解析[J].绥化学院学报, 2012 (08) .

[5]吴忠齐.语境视角下流行语“山寨”的英译[J].榆林学院学报, 2010 (03) .

[6]张健.新、热词英译漫谈 (1) :炒鱿鱼[J].东方翻译, 2011 (03) .