英文关于朋友的名言

英文关于朋友的名言（共12篇）

1.英文关于朋友的名言 篇一

1) He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs. 背后说好话, 才是真朋友。

2) The only way to have a friend is to be one.---Ralph Waldo Emerson, American thinker 唯一能获得朋友的办法就是自己先当个朋友。---美国思想家 爱默生

3) the principle of training, and understanding to care人生离不开友谊，但要得到真正的友谊才是不容易;友谊总需要忠诚去播种，用热情去灌溉，用原则去培养，用谅解去护理。 --(德)马克思

4) True friendship is like health, not to lose, can not appreciate the precious真挚的友谊犹如健康，不到失却时，无法体味其珍贵。 --(英)培根

5) Where there is marriage without love, there will be love without marriage. 有没有爱情的婚姻，就会有没有婚姻的爱情。——Benjamin Franklin

6) Between friends all is common。朋友之间不分彼此。

7) Old friends and old wine are best. 陈酒味醇, 老友情深。

8) A friend is easier lost than found 得朋友难, 失朋友易。

9) No man can be happy without a friend, nor be sure of his friend till he is unhappy. 没有朋友的人不会幸福，不处逆境不能识别朋友。

10) Nothing makes the earth seem to spacious as to have friends at a distance; they make the latitudes and longitudes. 远方的朋友能使世界变得非常宽阔; 他们组成了经纬度。

11) Of our mixed life two quests are given control: food for the body, friendship for the soul. 在复杂的生命中, 有两点要牢记:为生存需要吃饭, 而心灵需要友谊。

12) The best that we find in our travel is an honest friend. He is a fortunate voyager who finds many. 旅行中最愉快的事是交到一个真诚的朋友。

13) I know not whether our names will be immortal; I am sure our friendship will. 我不知道我们的名字能否永垂不朽; 我敢说我们的友谊会与世长存。

14) A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。

15) Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends. 患难见真情。

2.英文关于朋友的名言 篇二

摘要一律采用四要素式, 即: (1) 目的 (objective) :简要说明研究的目的, 说明提出问题的缘由, 表明研究的范围和重要性。 (2) 方法 (methods) :简要说明研究课题的基本设计, 使用了什么材料和方法, 如何分组对照, 研究范围及精确程度, 数据是如何取得的, 经何种统计学方法处理。 (3) 结果 (results) :简要列出研究主要结果和数据, 有什么新发现, 说明其价值及局限。叙述要具体、准确。并需给出结果的置信值、统计学显著性检验的确切值。 (4) 结论 (conclusion) :简要说明经验证、论证取得的正确观点其理论价值或应用价值, 是否可推荐或推广等。英文摘要的内容与中文摘要的内容大体相一致, 英文摘要四要素的小标题应根据实际情况确定单复数。

在英文摘要内容前仍需附英文文题、第一作者单位、科室 (包括邮政编码) 及作者姓名。中、英文摘要具体书写格式同前。敬请广大读者、作者周知, 并遵照此要求投稿, 力求杂志更加规范化、标准化。

3.关于健康的英文名言 篇三

2) Good health is over wealth。健康是最大的财富。

3) Happiness lies， first of all， in health。快乐首先在于有健康的身体。

4) Exercise， temperance; fresh air， and needful rest are the best of all physicians。运动、节制、新鲜空气和必要的休息是最好的医生。

5) He who has good health is young， and he is rich who owes nothing。健康葆青春，无债即富足。

6) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy。只工作， 不玩耍， 聪明小伙也变儍。

7) If you can walk， you can dance; If you can talk， you can sing。能跑就能走， 能说就能唱。

8) A little labor， much health。适量的劳动有益于健康。。

9) The love of beauty is an essential part of a I I healthy human nature。爱美是健康天性的一部分。

10) Eat to live， but do not live to eat。吃饭是为了活着，但或者不是为了吃饭。

11) Early to bed and early to rise ， makes a man healthy ， wealthy and wise 。早睡早起会使人健康、富有和聪明。

12) The windows open more will keep the doctor from the door。常开窗户，医生不近门。

13) Diet cures more than the doctor。药补不如食补。

14) Fretting cares make gray hairs。忧虑使人早生华发。

15) The first wealth is health 。健康是人生第一财富。

16) An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure。一分预防胜过十分治疗。

17) We should get into the habit of keeping good hours。 我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

18) A good conscience is a continual feast。问心无愧天天乐。

19) Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise。睡得早起得早，聪明富裕身体好。

4.关于幸福的名言英文 篇四

与其说人类的幸福来自偶尔发生的鸿运，不如说来自每天都有的小实惠。(美国总统 富兰克林.B.)

Most folks are about as happy as they make up their mindstobe.(Abraham Lincoln ,American president)

对于大多数人来说，他们认定自己有多幸福，就有多幸福。(美国总统林肯.A.)

The secret of being miserable is to have leisure to botheraboutwhether you are happy or not.(George Bernard Shaw ,Britishdramatist)

痛苦的秘密在于有闲功夫担心自己是否幸福。(英国剧作家肖伯纳.G.)

The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that weareloved.(Victor Hugo , French novelist)

生活中最大的幸福是坚信有人爱我们。(法国小说家 雨果.V.)

There is no dise on earth equal to the union of loveandinnocence.(Jean Jacques Rousseau, French thinker)

人间最大的幸福莫如既有爱情又清白无暇。(法国思想家卢梭.J.J.)

To really understand a man we must judge himinmisfortune.(Bonaparte Napoleon , French emperor)

要真正了解一个人，需在不幸中考察他。(法国皇帝拿破仑.B.)

We have no more center to consume happiness without producingitthan to consume wealth without producing it.(George Bernard Shaw,British dramatist)

正像我们无权只享受财富而不创造财富一样，我们也无权只享受幸福而不创造幸福。(英国剧作家 肖伯纳.G.)

A lifetime of happiness ! No man alive could bear it ; it wouldbehell on earth.(G.Bernard Shaw ,British dramatist)

终身幸福!这是任何活着的人都无法忍受的，那将是人间地狱。(英国剧作家 肖伯纳.G.)

Happiness is form courage.(H.Jackson , British writer)

幸福是勇气的一种形式。(英国作家杰克逊.H.)

Happy is the man who is living by his hobby.(G.Bernard Shaw,British dramatist)

醉心于某种癖好的人是幸福的。(英国剧作家 肖伯纳.G.)

Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money ; it liesinthe joy of achievement , in the thrill of creativeeffort.(FranklinRoosevelt , American president)

幸福不在于拥有金钱，而在于获得成就时的喜悦以及产生创造力的激情。(美国总统罗斯福.F.)

He laughs best who laughs last.

远行者见闻多。(英国科学家雷伊.J.)

He who can conceal his joys is greater than he who can hide his griefs.

能隐藏欢乐的人比能隐藏悲痛的人更了不起。(瑞士作家 拉瓦特)

I like the laughter that opens the lips and the heart, that shows at the same time pearls and the soul.

我喜欢能不开启双唇和心扉的笑声，喜欢能展示皓齿和灵魂的笑声。(法国作家雨果)

I never condider ease and joyfulness as the purpose of life itself.

我从来不认为安逸和欢乐就是生活本身的目的。(美国科学家爱因斯坦)

I wish to preach, not the doctrine of ignoble ease, but the doctrine of the strenuous life.

我愿宣扬的信条是艰苦奋发的生活，而不是卑微低下的安逸。(美国政治家罗斯福.T.)

It is a curious fact that in bad days we can very vividly recall the good time that is now no more; but that in good days we have only a very cold and imperfect memory of the bad.

奇怪得很，人们在倒楣的时候，总会清晰地回忆已经逝去快乐时光，但是在得意的时候，对恶运时光只保有一种淡漠而不完全的记忆。(德国哲学家叔本华)

It is a poor heart that never rejoices.

永远不快乐的心很可悲。(英国小说家马里亚特)

Joys are our wings, sorrows are our spurs.

欢乐是人们的双翼，哀愁是人们发愤的动力。(法国作家里克特.J.P)

Labor is often the father of pleasure.

劳动常常是快乐之父。(法国哲学家、历史学家伏尔泰)

One of the greatest pleasure in life is conversation.

生活中最大的乐趣之一是交谈。(美国作家史密斯L.P.)

Perfect understanding will sometimes almost extinguish pleasure.

完全的理解有时几乎会使乐趣消失。(英国学者、诗人豪斯曼.A.E.)

Never less idle than when wholly idle, nor less alone than when wholly alone.

要清闲就完全清闲，要清静就完全清静。(英国诗人克莱尔J.)

People who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness.

腾不出时间娱乐的人，早晚会被迫腾出时间生病。(美国商人霍梅克.J.)

Pleasure is nothing else but the intermission of pain, the enjoying of something I am in great trouble for till I have it.

快乐不过是痛苦的间歇，享受之前要进行艰苦的努力。(英国法学家塞尔登.J.)

Praise is ilde sunlight to the human spirit, we cannot flower and grow without it.

对于人的精神来说，赞扬就像阳光一样，没有它我们便不能开花生长。(英国作家 格林.G.)

Rest is a good thing, but boredom is its brother.

休息是件好事情，无聊却是其兄弟。

A good laugh is sunshine in a house.

令人愉快的欢笑是房间里的阳光。(英国小说家萨克雷。W.M.)

A man who is never satisfied with himself and whom therefore nobody can please.

5.关于坚持的英文名言警句 篇五

2) Tell you that I reach the goal of the mystery, I only power is my persistence spirit.-- Pasteur告诉你使我达到目标的奥秘吧，我唯一的力量就是我的坚持精神。——巴斯德

3) People lack the willpower, rather than strength.-- Hugo世人缺乏的是毅力，而非气力。——雨果

4) Once they start they can always continue to cause people is happy.-- Herzen一朝开始便永远能将事业继续下去的人是幸福的。——赫尔岑

5) No patient who, who has no wisdom.-- he di谁没有耐心，谁就没有智慧。——萨迪

6) Have achieved unremittingly, indomitable than when subjected to failure is more important. -- Laroche, French writer取得成就时坚持不懈，要比遭到失败时顽强不屈更重要。 ——拉罗什夫科，法国作家

7) One day, the ten day of ten money, money. Little strokes fell great oaks. Dripping water wears through a stone.一日一钱，十日十钱。绳锯木断，水滴石穿。

8) Tell you that I reach the goal of the mystery， I only power is my persistence spirit。告诉你使我达到目标的奥秘吧，我唯一的力量就是我的坚持精神。

9) Although patience and persistence is a painful thing， but it can gradually bring you good。忍耐和坚持虽是痛苦的事情，但却能渐渐地为你带来好处。

10) Daily good， not afraid of thousands of miles; often do， not do things。日日行，不怕千万里;常常做，不怕千万事。

11) No human can repel a firm hope。永远没有人力可以击退一个坚决强毅的希望。

12) Once they start they can always continue to cause people is happy。朝开始便永远能将事业继续下去的人是幸福的。

13) With strong will， is equivalent to the feet to a pair of wings。有了坚定的意志，就等于给双脚添了一对翅膀。

14) We should have the perseverance， must have the self-confidence especially! We must believe， our talent is used to do something。 我们应有恒心，尤其要有自信心!我们必须相信，我们的天赋是要用来做某种事情的。

15) It is dogged does it。 The days of easy， but careless people。天下无难事，只怕有心人。天下天易事，只怕粗心人。

16) Nothing is impossible to a willing heart。心之所愿，无事不成。

17) Poor and stronger， not falling Albatron ambition。 穷且益坚，不坠青云之志。

18) As long as the continuous efforts， unremitting struggle， there is no things that can not be conquered。只要持续地努力，不懈地奋斗，就没有征服不了的东西。

19) One day， the ten day of ten money， money。 Little strokes fell great oaks。 Dripping water wears through a stone。一日一钱，十日十钱。绳锯木断，水滴石穿。

6.关于中英文摘要的书写要求 篇六

摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论的解释,简明确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有自明性和独立性,并拥有与一次文献同等量的主要信息。即不阅读全文就能获得必要的信息。通常中文摘要以不超过400 字为宜。应以第三人称的语气书写。不要使用“本文”“作者”“我们”等作为陈述的主语。

摘要一律采用四要素式,即:1目的(objective):简要说明研究的目的,说明提出问题的缘由,表明研究的范围和重要性。2方法(methods):简要说明研究课题的基本设计,使用了什么材料和方法,如何分组对照,研究范围及精确程度,数据是如何取得的,经何种统计学方法处理。3结果(results):简要列出研究主要结果和数据,有什么新发现,说明其价值及局限。叙述要具体、准确。并需给出结果的置信值、统计学显著性检验的确切值。4结论(conclusion):简要说明经验证、论证取得的正确观点其理论价值或应用价值,是否可推荐或推广等。英文摘要的内容与中文摘要的内容大体相一致,英文摘要四要素的小标题应根据实际情况确定单复数。

在英文摘要内容前仍需附英文文题、作者单位(包括邮政编码)及作者姓名。中、英文摘要具体书写格式同前。敬请广大读者、作者周知,并遵照此要求投稿,力求杂志更加规范化、标准化。

7.关于青春的名言英文版 篇七

2) 青春是有限的，不能在犹豫和观望中度过。

3) 现实总是残酷的。而且一步步打碎我们青春时的梦。在爱情里付出的心血和收获的幸福从来不成正比，越想去爱的人，就越得不到爱。

4) 然而，有人依然选择疯狂。见鬼去吧，什么终将逝去的青春，我赌一次永恒!

5) 人世间的感情为什么不能像打地基一样，挖一 个坑，就立一个桩，所有的坑都有它的那根桩， 所有的桩也能找到它的那个坑，没有失望，没有 失败，没有遗憾，永不落空。

6) 少年人的爱恋，也许爱情的方式是错的，然而爱情的直觉永远是对的。

7) 时间真是一个可怕的东西，它能抚平一切，将 心里好的或坏的一刀刀刮去，只留下个面目模糊的伤疤。

8) 是我的，就是我的，走了的，只能说明他从来没有属于过我，也许爱情是刚性的，婚姻却是柔性的，我们都得学得妥协。

9) 我的人生是一栋只能建造一次的楼房，我必须 让它精确无比，不能有一厘米差池——所以，我 太紧张，害怕行差步错。

10) 一个人的成功除了靠自己的勤奋努力外，谦虚谨慎是不可缺少的品格。自以为是的人永远也找不到成功的门路。

11) 眼泪无谓而徒劳的液体，流泪的人是愚蠢而可悲的。

12) 只要依靠自己的力量去做事情，即使条件很差，也能取得成功。

13) 在做任何一件事的时候，都需要有很强的责任心。在重视小责任的同时，也培养了我们对未来大责任负责的好习惯。

14) 她来过，她爱过，她努力过，得之是幸，不得是命。当然，年少时的我们如何会相信会有得不到的宿命。

15) 藐视困难、坚持不懈努力、以充分发挥人的主观能动作用，这种精神无疑是我们干事业、干一切工作所需要的。

16) 青春是有限的，不能在犹豫和观望中度过。

17) 有时不合逻辑的举动却恰恰有助于应付变化多端的事态，而正常的逻辑有时却只能将自己带进一个死胡同。这就需要我们有逆反思维。

18) 青春是一场远行，回不去了。青春是一场相逢，忘不掉了，青春是一场伤痛，来不及了。

19) 一辈子那么长，一天没到终点，你就一天不知道，哪个人才能陪你走到终点。有时候遇到一个人，以为就是她了，其实她也不过是你人生中的一个过客而已。

8.关于梦想的名言英文版 篇八

Dream is one of the important treasures that people are born with, it is waiting for your value and practice.

发现自己的闪光点，挖掘自己的潜能，做你真正喜欢的事业。

Discover your own shining points, tap your potential, and do what you really like.

梦想，是来自宙斯的礼物。

Dream, is a gift from Zeus.

一个人的真正伟大之处就在于他能够认识到自己的渺小。

The real greatness of a man lies in the fact that he is able to recognize his own.

不戚戚于贫贱，不汲汲于富贵。

An empty sack, not engrossed in their wealth.

正如心愿能够激发梦想，梦想也能够激发心愿。

Just as the wish can inspire the dream, the dream can also inspire the desire.

有梦者事竟成。

The dream has become a dream.

人的理想志向往往和他的能力成正比。

The ideal of man is always in direct proportion to his ability.

下对注，赢一次;跟对人，赢一世。

Next to the note, to win a time; with the people, to win the world.

梦想一旦被付诸行动，就会变得神圣。

Once the dream has been put into action, it will become holy.

不要怀有渺小的梦想，它们无法打动人心。

Do not have a small dream, they can not move people.

有时你的梦想达到是一种幸福，有时梦想破灭也是一种幸福。

Sometimes your dream is to be a kind of happiness, sometimes the dream is also a kind of happiness.

人生最重要的不是努力，不是奋斗，而是抉择。

Life is not the most important effort, not the struggle, but the choice.

人生最困难的事情是认识自己。

The most difficult thing in life is to know yourself.

人生能走多远，看与谁同行;有多大成就，看有谁指点。

Life can go far, to see who counterparts; how great achievements, to see who is pointing.

如烟往事俱忘却，心底无私天地宽。

Forget all the past smoke, selfless world wide.

燕雀戏藩柴，安识鸿鹄游。

9.英文关于朋友的名言 篇九

Since Julia Kristeva’s proposition of this concept in 1969, intertextuality has been an important subject researched by many scholars and it was appropriated and modified by many theoreticians.Intertextuality was formally introduced to translation circle by British theoretician Hatim and Mason in their book of“Discourse and the Translator”.In this book, it points out that“the consistency between intertextuality and translation lies with that translation itself is a kind of intertextual activity”. (Hatim B&Mason I 1990:45)

Intertextuality brings a lot of new enlightenments to the circle of translation, which are mainly represented in the flowing two perspectives:

Firstly, the explosition on the generation of text significance made of intertextual theory breaks the significance concept of traditional translation.

Throughout the translation history in China and western countries, the history of translation actually is the history of meaning conversion.Although the Chinese and western theories on translation differ with one another a lot, concerning the judgment standard for translation, it is usually determined by the faithfulness of version to the source text, or determined by the extent of such faithfulness of meaning (Zhu Chaowei&Lin Ping 2002:61) .

Secondly, intertextuality provides new theoretical basis for the macro construction of translation researches.

The present researches on translation has became an independent subject crossing literature, linguistics, philosophy, esthetics, psychology, and culture from a former subject subordinated to Applied Linguistics and Comparative Literature.In western countries, researches on translation are diversified with various genres, appearing a flourishing vision.These genres include genres of translation (culture) research genre, translation science, America translation training, pluralistic system and deconstruction, which are numerous and complicated.Behind such prosperity, the translation research circle is unrestrained and extended constantly.Intertextuality provides new theoretical basis and logic support to the macro construction of such translation researches.

Kristeva and Barthes’broad-based intertextuality attached great importance to the relation between literature factors and nonliterature ones and researches on those untraceable codes and the everywhere-existed influence of cultural tradition (Culler 1991:103) .This has broken the restrained and closed research mode of traditional literature.And literature was introduced to relevant researches on non-literature language, code and cultural sighs.

To conclude, the enlightenments brought by intertextuality are extensive and diversified.Since Kristeva’s proposition of this concept, intertextuality has experienced various genres and changes.With the emergence of various genres, intertextuality became once of the most complicated theories.To introduce this theory to translation research will be undoubtedly of great value of theoretical innovation.

参考文献

[1].Hatim, B. &Mason, I. The Translator as Comm unicator. London &New York: Routledge, 1997.17, 32-33.

[2].Hatim, B. Comm unication Across Cultures: TranslationTheory and Contrastive Tex t L inguistics . Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.203.

[3].Julia Kristeva . “Word , dialogue and novel”. TheKristevaReader . TorilMoi, ed.Oxford : Basil Blackwell , 1986.101-104.

[4].KeepC&McLaughlinT.“Intertexuality”.10July, 2009http:// web.unic.ca/ckeep/hfl0276.

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[6].Nida, Eugene, A & Charles R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation . Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004.

[7]. 陈永国:互文性, 外国文学 1 (2003) : 80

[8]. 刘泌庆:文体与翻译, 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 1998.21

10.关于友谊英文名言 篇十

2) A friend to all is a friend to none。滥交者无友。

3) Books， like friends， should be few and well chosen。书籍如朋友，应该少而精。

4) A hedge between keeps friendship green。有一道隔墙会保持友谊常青。

5) Because friendships enhance our lives,it is important to cultivate them. 培植友谊十分重要，因为友谊能提高生活的价值。

6) Betraying a trust is a very quick and painful way to terminate a friendship.---Ralph Waldo Emerson, American thinker 背信弃义会迅速而痛苦地断送友谊。---美国思想家 爱默生

7) A thousand friends are few， one enemy is too many。朋友千人尚觉少，仇敌一人犹嫌多。

8) We can live without our friends， but not without our neighbours。生活可无友，邻居不能无。

9) There is no stronger bond of friendship than a mutual enemy。具有共通敌人的友谊最牢固。

10) Trust not the praise of a friend， nor the contempt of an enemy。不要信赖朋友的赞扬，也不要仇敌的轻蔑放在心上。

11) Thy friend has a friend and thy friend’s friend has a friend so be discreet。 你的朋友有朋友，朋友的朋友又有朋友，所以要谨慎小心。

12) A friend is a present which you give yourself。朋友是你送给自己的一份礼物。

13) Friends may meet， but mountains never greet。朋友可相逢，高山永分离。

14) Friendship is like money，easier made than kept。友谊如金钱一般，容易得到却不易保持。

15) He is rich enough who has true friends。有真朋友的人是富翁。

16) We can live without a brother， but not without a friend。 我们生活中可以没有兄弟，但不能没有朋友。

17) a bosorn friend after brings distant land near 海内存知己,天涯若比邻.

18) A brother may not be a friend, but a friend will always be a brother. 兄弟未必是朋友，而朋友总是兄弟。 ——Benjamin Franklin

19) A father is a treasure, a brother is a comfort, but a friend is both. 父亲是财富，兄弟是安慰，朋友兼而有之。

11.关于朋友主题的英文演讲稿 篇十一

My name is Li Yuxi. I’m from Class 1, Grade 7.

Today I’ll tell you something about my friend Andy.

Andy was a little boy. On his first day at school, he learned three words. I, you, and she. The teacher taught him how to make sentences with these words. The teacher said ,:“I, I am your teacher. she(pointing to a girl)，she is your classmate. You, you are my student.” after supper, his dad asked, :“what have you learned at school?” Andy said at once: “I, I am your teacher .she (pointing to his mom)， she is your classmate. you, you are my student. ”his dad got very angry and said, :“I, I am your dad. She(pointing to his mom)， she is your mom. you, you are my son.” the next morning, the teacher asked Andy to make sentences with the three words. “OK” he said: “I,I am your dad. She(pointing to a girl)， she is your mom. you, you are my son.

That’s all. Thank you.

12.英文关于朋友的名言 篇十二

关键词：养老保险体系,农村居民,德尔菲法,提升空间

1 INTRODUCTION

China has a population of 1. 3 billion, of which, around 66% are rural residents ( China Statistical Yearbook, 2010) . Elderly care of rural residents is a heavy burden for Chinese government. In China, elderly care, including economy sup- port and service support, can be divided into informal system, such as family support elderly care and self - support elderly care, and formal system, such as endowment insurance, wel- fare and social assistance ( Huang and He, 1998) . The histo- ry of China social security shows that the elderly care system is transforming continuously from informal to formal. However, the development of formal elderly care system in rural area is slower than in urban area. Commonly, in rural area, family - supported elderly care ( traditional mode) is the most effective mode. Because there is a reciprocal relationship between the family members, they will help and support each other. But the dual processes of rapid industrialization and urbanization may have a detrimental effect on the ability of the family to offer support to the more vulnerable members. The older people in the rural areas left behind by the migration of the young to ur- ban areas in search of employment are most at risk ( Cheng, 2006) . The traditional elderly care mode, which is based on family support, cannot handle the social risks; thus a more ef- fective and adequate elderly care system is needed, that is the reason why the gradual transformation from the informal mode to the formal mode.

China is now in the process of completing this transforma- tion. As families get smaller, the group of rural residents breaks up; land resource gets scarce, the surplus value of ag- riculture becomes limited; aging in rural area grows faster than in urban area. All of these issues lead to the inadequacy of fam- ily support and the inability of the traditionally informal elderly care system to meet rural residents' need ( Wang, 2006) . As such, the academia and the Chinese government both realized that it's very important and necessary to set up a formal elderly care system.

For a long time, the main focus of Chinese social security reform is urban area. In the planned economy system, China took “low wages, high welfare ” policy to develop heavy in- dustry ( Lin, 1999) . In 1951, China issued Labor Insurance Regulation, in which the workers of state - owned enterprise and collective - owned enterprise business were covered, and the items include disability, death, disease, elderly, child- birth and support for relatives ( Labor Insurance Regulation, 1951) . Because of the labor insurance and land reform, Chi- na was approved by workers and farmers ( Gao, 2006) . After the economic reform was issued, social insurance system in- cluded elderly care, medical care and unemployment was re- formed from 1985 in urban areas. Social assistance system, which based on basic living standard security system, was set up as well. Owing to the limit of financial and material re- sources, self - support and family support elderly care were the main parts of rural elderly care system, five guarantees family system and cooperative medical care system did not make the investment yield well. This situation lasted 25 years after the e- conomic reform started. In the 21st century, as the leading role, the government changed the programs of rural social se- curity. In 2003, new type rural cooperative medical care sys- tem was set up; 2007, rural basic living standard security sys- tem was set up; but there is still no social old - age security system. Thirty years had passed since the economic reform com- menced, the huge variations of Chinese entire society have changed the old circumstance and supply condition of rural so- cial old - age security system, and rural residents' appeal for an elderly system have become stronger as well.

2 THE DELPHI TECHNIQUE

The Delphi Technique is a structured communication tech- nique, originally developed as a systematic, interactive fore- casting method which relies on a panel of experts ( Linstone and Turoff, 1975) . From the 1970s, the Delphi technique began to be used in public policy - making, which caused some methodological innovations.

The need to examine several types of items leads to intro- ducing different evaluation scales which are not used in the standard Delphi. These often include desirability, feasibility and probability, which the analysts can use to outline different scenarios: the desired scenario, the potential scenario and the expected scenario.

The complexity of the issues posed in public policy - mak- ing leads to give more importance to the arguments supporting the evaluations of the panelists; so these are often invited to list arguments for and against each option item, and sometimes they are given the possibility to suggest new items to be submit- ted to the panel.

For the same reason, the scaling methods, which are used to measure panel evaluations, often include more sophis- ticated approaches such as multi - dimensional scaling.

2. 1 The Instrument of Delphi Method

The experts answer questionnaires in two or more rounds. After each round, a facilitator provides an anonymous summary of the experts' forecasts from the previous round as well as the reasons they provided for their judgments. Thus, experts are encouraged to revise their earlier answers in light of the replies of other members of their panel. It is believed that during this process the range of the answers will decrease and the group will converge towards the “correct”answer. Finally, the process is stopped after a pre - defined stop criterion and the mean or median scores of the final rounds determine the re- sults ( Rowe and Wright, 1999 ) . The flow of Delphi tech- nique is presented as Fig. 1.

2. 2Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance ( w)

When the third round of Delphi technique is complete, the Kendall's W will be computed for the scored ranking to measure the level of consensus among the experts for the factors proposed with respect to both rounds.

Kendall's W is a measure of the agreement between several judges who have rank ordered a set of entities ( Field, 2005) . If the test statistic W is 1, then all the survey respondents have been unanimous, and each respondent has assigned the same order to the list of concerns. If W is 0, then there is no overall trend of agreement among the respondents, and their responses may be regarded as essentially random. Intermediate values of W indicate a greater or lesser degree of unanimity among the various responses.

3EXPERT OPINION COLLECTION AND A- NALYSIS

A four - round Delphi Technique were designed to answer what are the areas for improvement that can be proposed forNew Pension System for Rural Residents in China and how are the areas of improvement ranked.

There are 18 experts who are identified through their expe- riences and fields of interest participated in the first round sur- vey. The experts are comprised with academicians and officers of social security authorities. The list of experts who participated in the expert opinion assessment ( EOA ) is shown in Table 1. In the panel of experts, 11 are academicians in universities and most of them have teaching or researching experience of so- cial security; and 7 officers from Human Resource and Social Security Bureau of different provinces, they know well of cur- rent social security policies and existing problems.

In the first round of the EOA, 15 experts participated in the survey and provided 21 responses. The 21 responses were synthesized and categorized into 6 factors ( including the con- tents of New Pension System for Rural Residents, financing a- bility and level, fund operation, management mechanism, in- centive mechanism and macro management system) . They are collected as the areas for the improvement of New Pension Sys- tem for Rural Residents in China, refer to Table 2.

Due to the multiplicity of rounds conducted, the EOA in- strument was considered to be valid as the experts were continu- ously provided with the outcomes of the previous rounds. Some experts requested that the findings of the whole study be shared, a request which was fulfilled upon completion of this study.

There are 12 experts responded to the survey both in round 2 and round 3. Kendall's coefficient of concordance was used to measure the level of consensus among the experts for their rank- ing of the factors proposed in round 1. For the second round of the EOA, the Kendall's coefficients of concordance is 0. 128, and p - value is 0. 53 ( refer to Table 3) . It means that in the second round the experts are not quite agree with each other, and the findings are deemed to be insignificant because of the p - value is more than 0. 05. Thus, it is necessary to conduct the third round of expert opinion assessment. For the third round of EOA, with reference to Table 5, the Kendall's Coefficients of Concordance and p - value for scored ranking is 0. 480 and 0. 000 respectively which implies that the study is statistically significant and the ranking of the 12 experts are consistent.

Therefore, based on the mean ranking of the areas that need to be improved for New Pension System for Rural Resi- dents, the order is: The contents of New Pension System for Rural Residents, Fund Operation, Financing ability and lev- el, Macro management system, Management mechanism, and Incentive mechanism. This finding implies that the experts view that the contents of New Pension System for Rural Resi- dents is the most urgent aspect that needs improvement, while the incentive mechanism is the least urgent aspect.

4 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

Contents of New Pension System for Rural Residents are the major issues stressed by the respondents in deal with the improvement of New Pension System for Rural Residents. About 45% of the items expressed by the interviewees were about the adjustment of the contents of New Pension System for Rural Residents, and it was almost the first factor came into the interviewees' minds. Most of the interviewees suggested that the benefit need to adjust to a higher level.

From the respective of urgent, complete rural old - age social security system and increase the level of benefits of the pension should be the first concern of the government.

The family members of the senior citizens ( who are over 60 years old ) should participate in the scheme voluntarily, rather than compulsively. On one hand, the elderly can be pro- tected, on the other hand, the young generation can take time to get to know New Pension System for Rural Residents and accept it slowly.

Financing ability and level is the foundation of rural old - age social security system. 60% of the interviewees have men- tioned financing problem when talking about the improvement of rural old - age social security system. They have proposed sev- eral way of improve the financing abilities and levels.

There are special fund for supporting agriculture develop- ment and helping the poverty in our country, we should also establish a special sponsor fund for rural social pension insur- ance. Encouraging domestic and foreign enterprises, township enterprises, the urban citizens with high level of income and other individuals donate money to pension insurance fund of some poor regions. It will promote the development of rural so- cial pension insurance.

There are four kinds of expenditure of financial support for agriculture development, namely expenditure on supporting farming, expenditure on rural fundamental establishment, ex- penditure on rural technology development, and on rural subsi- dies. With the economic development, it is necessary to pro- vide subsidies for rural social pension insurance.

Fund operation includes two important aspects, namely maintenance and appreciation of values of the fund and supervi- sion system of the fund. And for current situation, the inter- viewees suggest putting more concern on the maintenance and appreciation of the values of the fund.

Maintenance and appreciation of the values of the fund is a vital aspect for realizing the healthy and sustainable development of rural old - age social security system.

To improve earning rate , the most important approach is to apply market - driven operation. Only if the capital freely invests in financial assets , can we obtain the average earning rate of society.

The improvement of management mechanism includes establish and improve a managing team with professional knowledge, decline managing cost and using information management system.

Allow farmers to exchange land for social security. In the process of the development of agriculture , farming and farmers has a decreasing trend. It has generated a huge threat for the farmers who take land and farming as the way of living. In order to address these specific issues , the system of trading land for social insurance should be established.

Incentive mechanism is the approach of encourage rural residents take part in the rural old - age social security sys- tem. It includes encouraging participates select higher contribu- tion level; strengthen the incentive function of personal ac- counts; conduct propaganda among the masses; and dynami- cally adjust government subsidy.

The migration of rural residents should be fully considered in the design process of New Pension System for Rural Resi- dents. A dynamic personal account of New Pension System for Rural Residents will insure that rural residents can keep their account, pay contribution and get benefit wherever he is. At the same time, speed up national social insurance information network construction, and provide technical support for inter - provincial account transfer of New Pension System for Rural Residents and other social security systems.

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