1999年大学俄语四级考试真题

2024-10-16

1999年大学俄语四级考试真题(共5篇)

1.1999年大学俄语四级考试真题 篇一

2018年11月大学英语四级口语考试真题:帮助他人

文章来源:文都教育

今天是2018年11月17日,大学英语四级口语考试也终于如期而至。口语考试的时候往往是许多考生最为紧张的时刻,不过口语考试并不是什么洪水猛兽,只要稍加练习,做到有话可说,就不会在考场上出现尴尬的场面。为了帮助大家顺利通过四级口语考试,文都四六级英语老师将会为各位考生提供最贴心的口语考试小提示,希望能够对各位同学有所帮助。

本场个人陈述的主题为“帮助他人”,生活中每个人都会遇到需要他人帮助的情况,此时伸以援手不论对自己还是对别人都是有益处的。那么接下来,我们来看一下就“帮助他人”这一主题展开的一些常用的表述:

Help Others As we all know, since we live in a society made up of numerous people, we cannot do everything independently without being helped by others, and we should also give our hands when needed.And the kinds of help can range from handing over something to others to donating money to the ones in need.In my opinion, helping others has following benefits.First, when helping others, we can obtain the sense of being demanded, which is a kind of happiness.Generally, when somebody seeks help from us and we offer our supports to him, it will be a success for us since we can do something for others and they will be happier due to us.To make our friends, families, or even the strangers happy can be very satisfactory for ourselves.Secondly, the help is interactive since when we have difficulties, others will also help us.Helping others is a good way to make friends.If we just live with neglecting others’ needs and appeals, they will also do us the same and we will live a lonely life without just a friend.Therefore, helping others can be advantageous for both ourselves and other people, and we should do our best to help people in need.以上,就是文都四六级英语老师为各位考生带来的四级口语考试的个人陈述部分,希望能够对各位考生有所助益。文都教育祝各位同学都可以取得令人满意的成绩。

2.1999年大学俄语四级考试真题 篇二

P51

2.批判学派

P268

(同类考点:经验学派P166)

3.反馈

4.麦克卢汉

5.内容分析法

6.议题设置

P286 二.简答题(共30分,任选三题,每题10分)

1.试述拉斯韦尔与拉扎斯菲尔德各自的媒介功能观及其本质差异。

2.广告选择媒介有无技巧?试结合三大媒介的特点谈一谈。

3.为什么说受众难以摆脱大众传播的负面影响。

4.试述“使用——满足”理论的内涵及其现实意义。

5.结合传播学史上几位著名心理学家的贡献谈谈心理学在传播学研究中的作用。

三.分析论述题(共40分,每题20分)

1.从新闻传播的自由主义理论到社会责任论的演变中有了一些变化,这些变化的实质,说明了什么?谈谈你的看法。

2.强大传播效果理论在40年代被否定后,70年代有两位西方学者重新证明其确实存在。阅读下面的材料,请指出他们各自理论依据并结合实际谈谈你对前后强大效果论的评述。(此题外国语课程,为非英语者可不做,但简答题须全做。)3.材料„„„„„„„„„„„„.苏州大学2000年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

(大众传播基础理论)

一.名词解释(共30分,每题5分)

1.依附理论

陈龙

P340

2.加权

3.法兰克福学派

陈龙 P10-11

4.沉默的螺旋假设

郭P219(热点)

5.知识鸿沟论

郭P230

1.媒介帝国主义

郭P252

二.问答题(共30分,任选三题,每题10分)

1.符号互动理论的主要内涵及其发展沿革

陈P54

2.传播有限效果论的主要观点。

郭P198

3.哥伦比亚学派与耶鲁学派的主要代表人物.观点及其研究方法的差异,简介其各自具有代表性的研究项目。

陈P272

4.何谓受众调查?其常见步骤有哪些?如何减少误差,试在方法上加以阐述?

陈P249

5.试述麦克卢汉媒介观的主要内容并结合网络时代的特点,谈谈你对其观点的理解。

郭P148

三.分析论述题(每题20分)

1.97年以来各地地方电视台娱乐节目如《幸福快车》,《开心60分》等创下了很高的收视率,于此同时,一些电视连续剧如《还珠格格》,《鹿鼎记》,《康熙微服私访记》等在一些地方电台也创下了收视新高。它反映了90年代以来观众欣赏趣味的一些变化:一重休闲.娱乐,二重趣味性,三重世俗化。对这种文化现象作一深入的分析。

2.非外国语的专业可不选(材料略)

苏州大学2000年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

(新闻学基础)一.填空题(每空1分,共20分)

1.年,中国共产党领导的新闻事业在解放区通过开展

,打击了新闻报道中的浮夸不实的报道作风。

2.新闻价值的构成要素是

,和。

3.我国新闻工作的根本宗旨是。

4.“新闻自由”概念来自

的口号,最早由英国诗人,政论家

提出。

5.1956年,施拉姆等人撰写的《

》,系统阐述了

理论,对西方的新闻自由主义理论作出重大修改。6.《大公报》最早由

(人名)于

年在天津创刊。

7.“竖三民”指的是于右任创办的《

》,《

》,《

》。

8.抗日战争时期,中国共产党在国统区主办的报纸中最有影响力的是《

》。

9.解放战争时期,鼓吹“第三条道路”的代表性刊物是《

》周刊,由

主编。

10.1941年5月,中国共产党在延安创办大型机关报《

》,该报于

(时间)改版,进一步加强党性,群众性,战斗性和组织性。二.名词解释(每个4分,共20分)1.有偿新闻

2.癸丑报变

3.版面语言

4.《中国的西北角》

5.新闻的社会控制 三.分析题(60分)

1.论述新闻与舆论的关系。

2.简述邹韬奋的报刊活动,并论述其报刊思想的意义。

3.论述电视新闻的文字解说与画面的关系。

苏州大学2001年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

(大众传播基础理论)一.名词解释(每题5分)

1.英国文化研究派

郭P273

2.涵化理论

郭P225

3.使用与满足理论

郭P180

4.质化研究

5.创新—扩散论

陈P277

6.意识形态霸权论

郭P274

二.简答题(每题10分)

1.简述自由主义传播制度理论发展历程。

郭P136

2.试评述麦克卢汉的“媒介讯息论”。

郭P148

3.结合具体案例阐述“议题设置”理论的主要内容。

郭P213

三.论述题(三题任选两题,每题20分).1.法兰克福学派对文化工业的主要观点。

陈龙P10-11

2.美国电视研究的主要流派与学术进展。

陈龙P305

3.美国大众传播研究史上有许多“里程碑”重大研究项目,试就其中二项的主要理论观点和研究方法加以全面介绍

郭P269

苏州大学2001年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

(新闻学基础)一.填空题(20分,每空1分)

1.产生“延缓报酬”效应的新闻通常被称作。

2.1951年,芬兰政府制定的《

》是世界上第一个确认获知自由的法律。3.“新闻价值”概念是随着报纸的格局在美国的形成而提出的。4.英国现代新闻事业的创始人是。

5.在“新闻六要素”中,最关键,核心的因素是

。P31 6.在西方新闻界,被视为最高的伦理准则。P213 7.在传统的三大媒介中,报纸的特出优势是

。P143 8.新闻政策有广义的与狭义的之分,狭义的新闻政策是指

。P84 9.1905年11月,列宁在《

》一文中,第一次明确提出了报刊的党性原则。P326 10.新闻事业的社会控制的着眼点主要是传播的。P363 11.新闻事业最主要也是最基本的社会功能是

P305 12.宣传资产阶级维新思想的《循环日报》,是由

(人名)在香港创办的。13.中国境内最早的近代报刊是葡萄牙人在澳门创办的葡文周报《

》。14.邵飘萍创办的《

》,因忠实报道五四学生爱国运动,抨击卖国行径而被查封。15.《中国青年》的第一任主编是

。16.1926年9月,《大公报》复刊号发表《本社同人之旨趣》,提出的办报方针。17.《申报》经过革新的副刊《

》成为反“文化围剿”的进步文化阵地。18.中国新民主主义革命时期贡献最大影响最大的革命报纸是《

》。19.UPI是通讯社“

”的简称。

20.日本最大的通讯社是1945年11月成立的。

二.名词解释(20分,每题4分)1.普利策

2.反客里空运动 3.同期声 4.苏报案

5.社会责任理论

三.问答题(60分,5题中任选4题,每题15分)1.试述新闻与宣传的异同及两者之间的关系。

2.结合实际,论述编辑在新闻价值的实现中的作用。

3.联系实际,论述新闻报道中的“隐私采访”方法的运用。4.试论康有为,梁启超等人的维新报刊活动。5.试论互联网对新闻传播产生的影响。

苏州大学2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

大众传播理论

一、名词解释(5*6-30)

1、议题设置功能

2、米德

3、文化指标

4、文本研究

5、霍尔的编码/解码理论

6、内容分析法

二、简答(10*3-30)

1、后结构主义的话语理论的主要内容

2、简介“使用-满足”研究历史并对其作

3、试阐述经验学派研究方法的价值极其局限性

三、论述(任选两题,20*2-40)

1、“传播与国家发展理论”的发展阶段、主要代表人物及其理论观点

2、试从文化研究学派的“再现”理论来阐述新闻真实性和新闻价值问题

3、纽曼提出一整套以“沉默的螺旋”假设为核心的舆论学说,“假设”的内容包括那些方面?在你看来当网络媒体兴起之后,强大舆论效果是否存在?试作详细阐述

苏州大学2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

新闻学试题

一、填空

1.在我国,------将新闻定义为“新近发生事实的报道”

2.在当今国际新闻传播领域非常活跃的CNN,是“ —— ”的缩写形势

3.二战后不久,美国芝加哥校长-----主持的“新闻自由委员会“,经过调查,发表了《自由与负责的报刊》等调查报告

4.我国从2000年起,将------天定为记者节 5.时务文体是------在《时务报》上开创的政论文体 6.成舍我在他的世界系列报纸中,最先创办的是-------7.有偿新闻的实质是------------8.1791年,美国通过------,规定“国会不得制定任何法律限制。。。言论或出版自由” 9.与哲学、文学、艺术等社会意识形势向比较,新闻事业具有更强烈的--------10.抗战以后,鼓吹第三条道路的报刊中,最突出的是-----主编的《观察》周刊

二、名次解释

1.通讯社

2.黄色新闻

3.新闻自由

4.邵飘萍

5.延安《解放日报》

6.调查性报道

三、思考与论述(任选4题)

1.有人认为,新闻应以追求真理,揭露邪恶为天职,而新闻的产业化却要求它盈利,二者有不可调和的矛盾,对此,你是怎么看待的,请阐明你的观点

2.论新闻事业的社会控制

3.真实是新闻的生命,而新闻要做到真实却面临种种困境,你认为哪些要素都成新闻真实性的障碍,试对之加以论述

4.论新闻价值

5.论编辑在新闻传播活动中的作用

学二00三年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

学科、专业:传播学„„„„„„研究方向:„„„„„„„„考试科目:新闻学基础

一、填空(15分,每空1空)1、1969年巴斯提出的新闻流动的_____,对“守门人”理论做出了贡献。

2、中国近代报纸《循环日报》的创办者是_____。

3、我国第一个大型新闻周刊是于1981年创办的__________。

4、通讯社美联社的英文缩略语形式是_____。5、1926年续刊的新纪《大公报》提出的“四不方针”是指_______________。

6、抗日战争时期,中国共产党在国统区公开出版的机关报是__________。

7、运用民意测验方法收集、整理、分析新闻素材,进行新闻报道的新闻报道样式被称为_______。

8、我国新闻工作者的根本宗旨是__________。

9、__________在西方新闻界被为一种特殊的权利和最高的准则准则。10、1996年,中国大陆第一家报业集团__________。

11、我国的新闻传播活动在法律上最根本的依据是__________。

12、对新闻事业进行社会控制的着眼点主要是__________。

13、“时务文体”是_____(人名)在《时务报》上开创的政论文体。

14、在我国,_____(人名)将新闻定义为“一种新的、重要的事实”。

15、与哲学、文学、艺术等社会意识形式相比较,新闻事业具有更强烈的__________。

二、名词解释(30分,每题5分)

1、《申报?自由谈》

2、有偿新闻

3、新闻敏感

4、癸丑报灾

5、新闻自律

6、人物专访

三、简答题(40分,每题10分)

1、互联网新闻传播的有哪些特点。

2、报纸版面的功能有哪些。

3、简述新闻与广告的关系。

4、试述深度报道中构成“深度”的主要方式。

四、论述题(在四题中选做两题加以论述,40分,每题20分)

1、新闻与宣传的关系。

2、范长江对新闻事业的贡献。

3、新闻传播者的业务素质。

4、新闻自由与社会责任。

五、实践题:请给下列一则新闻制作标题,改写导语,并写一篇400字左右的编后(短评)。(标题5分,导语5分,编后15分,共25分)

上海讯

记者在11月3日举行的2002年上海秋季人才交流洽谈会上发现,不少求职者为了表明自己有丰富的工作经验,在简历中列举了大量的工作经历,而这些工作经历在招聘人员眼中则成为求职者“频繁跳槽”的记录。记者在某公司的招聘摊位前听到,招聘人员向求职者问的第一个问题就是“你为什么要换工作?”这位应聘会计的求职者表示,自己在公司里干了相当一段时间,可以学的东西都学到了,而且还带出了两位新手,因此想换个领域尝试一下,招聘人员立即反问道:“如果我们公司录用了你,你是不是也会在干了一段时间后就跳槽了呢?”之后,即使求职者再三解释,还是没有挽回被拒绝的结果。这位招聘人员接受记者采访时说,刚才那位求职者是“自己把自己做下岗了”。这说明他不善于不断提高自己,从而在完成本职工作的基础上,更好地完善工作。

在另一家公司的招聘摊位前,记者发现,招聘人员非常仔细地阅读求职者简历上的“工作经历”一栏,并且一一询问每一次跳槽的理由。这位招聘者告诉记者,跳槽经历很能反映一个人的职业素质。假如一个人总是由于人际关系、薪水高低等原因频繁跳槽,那可能说明他过于以自我为中心、团队合作精神不足。

注意:答案请不要做在试题纸上。

学二00三年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

学科、专业:„„„„„„研究方向:„„„„„„考试科目:大众传播理论

一、填空题(每题2分,共50分)

1、传播学中的“反馈”概念来自____的“____”学说。2、1938年美国________大学学者对CBS的广播剧《火星人进攻地球》引起受众恐慌的效果进行研究,使得内容分析与田野调查方法得到实际的应用。

3、批判学派的研究对象主要集中在三大领域:传播制度与社会阶层的关系;大众传播功能与大众文化的关系以及____________.4、索绪尔认为,____是人类传播最重要的符号系统。

5、符号互动理论研究被分成两大流派:一是由布鲁默领导的芝加哥学派;一是由____和____领导的衣阿华学派。

6、一般来说,西方学术界认为,信息寻求典范、使用—满足模式、议题设定功能属于____效果模式。

7、麦克卢汉认为那结能提供“高清晰度信息”,不需要人的思维作过多补充,即受传者参与程度低的媒介是____,与之相对,那些提供信息不完备,留有许多想象、思考、回味的空间的媒介,即受传者参与程度高的媒介是____。

8、公元前面65年,希腊西西里岛人___写出了第一部《修辞学》,这是世界上最早研究演讲学的著作。

9、拉扎斯菲尔德认为,暴力节目虽然品位不高,但内心有暴力倾向的人,看了暴力节目可以得到宣泄而免于付诸行动,德弗勒将其归纳为大众传播的“________”算做是一种正功能。

10、麦克卢汉在他的第一本媒介研究专著《______》中首次分析了报纸、电影和广告产生的影响。

11.美国开始运用实证方法研究传播的行为效果始于___ _年代。

12、“涵化分析”并不是一项孤立的研究,相反它是一项综合的系统研究的有机组成部分,这项研究被称为________,起源20世纪60年代。

13.申农—韦弗传播模式是一种典型的单向线形模式,它在强调传播的各项功能时,却唯独忽视了___。

14、按照拉扎斯菲尔德的理论,当选民被问及他投票支持哪一方时,大多数人会说是投给了本次选举中获胜的一方,这种想站在获胜者一边的心理就是传播效果研究上所谓的“________”。

15、文化研究派的二元论研究倾向主要体现在____、____、____领域。16.多伦多学派学者的研究兴趣主要集中在________________。

17.福科对话语的分析研究集中于解释其规则和结构,他把这称之为“________”

18、英国文化研究派的中坚学者霍尔在他的________一文中,提示了文本结构将主导受众接受信息的观点,开创了受众主动性研究的先河。

19、传统的“说服论”所探讨的是媒介对什么问题采取什么立场,运用什么手段来打动受众,而议题设置则注重______________,不一定要经过“态度改变”的程序。

20、知识沟假说强调了____________对人们接受信息所起的决定作用。

21、_______是麦克卢汉媒介三论的核心和出发点。

22、拉扎斯菲尔德在俄亥俄州伊里县进行的调查,得出了“有限效果”的结论。他的这一调查报告名称是“________”。23、1967年美国学者巴隆在《哈佛大学法学评论》上发表《接近媒介——一项新的第一修正案》一文,首次提出____________。24、80年代联合国教科文组织发表的著名报告《多种声音,一个世界》中的相关精神,是由芬兰学者________和美国学者____最先提出来的。

25.____在《报纸与外交政策》一书中认为,媒介不是每次都能成功地告诉人们想什么,但在告诉人们该怎样想方面却出奇地成功。

二、名词解释(每题5分,共25分)

1、拟态环境

2、民族志(ethnography)受众研究法

3、耶鲁学派

4、肯尼斯?博克(K?Burke)

5、“上限效果”假说

三、简答题(任选3题,每10分,共30分)

1、试述大众文化与通俗文化的区别与联系

2、以色列学者凯兹与英国学者桑托斯探讨“媒介帝国主义”问题的主要观点是什么?

3、“依附理论”有别于“现代化理论”主要表现在哪些方面?

4、万能效果论产生的主要依据是什么?

5、试从米德的符号互动论角度谈谈匿名/网名化对网络传播中主体“自我”的影响。

四、论述题(三题,共45分)

1、阿登纳、卡拉马拉等人的“无声群体理论”的主要观点是什么?试结合你所看的电影或电视剧中所表现的女性意识或女性形象谈谈对这些观点的看法。(20分)

2、结合新媒介相关理论,谈谈你对网络传播多媒体化的看法(15分)

3、下面是著名批判学派学Todd Gitlin “Television′s Screen: Hegemony In Transition”一文中的一段话,请你谈谈对这段话的理解(10分)

The decisive point is that hegemony is a collaboration.It is an unequal collaboration, in which the large-scale processes of concentrated production set limits to, and manage, the culture expressions of dominated(and domination)groups.Yet it is a collaboration nevertheless.Absolute power coerces;hegemony persuades, coaxes, rewards, chastises.Absolute power forbids alternatives;hegemony organizes consent and allocates a certain limited social space to tailored alternatives.Both parts of this formulation are important.Hegemony is a process of organization in which cultural elites occupy top positions and supervise the work of subordinates in such a way as to draw their activity into a discourse that supports the dominant position of elites;at the same time, hegemony cannot operate without the consent of those subordinates.Hegemony takes place behind the backs of its operatives;it is a silent domination that is not experienced as domination at all.Hegemony is the orchestration of the wills of the subordinates into harmony with the established order of power.(此题外国语非英语的考生可不做,但简答题须做4题)

学二00四年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

学科、专业:新闻学、传播学„„„„研究方向:„„„„„„考试科目:新闻学基础

一、填空(15分,每空1分)

1、报纸诞生以前,____是中国古代最有影响的新闻传播媒体。

2、____是最早出现国人近代报刊的地方。3、1891年,英国传教士________出任上海广学会总干事。

4、____是中国最早无产阶级新闻记者。

5、关于中国报纸的起源,学术界曾经提出过周朝说、____说和唐朝说。6、1947年6月,解放区新闻界开展的反“客里空”运动是一场维护新闻____的运动。

7、新闻传播是____传播的一种方式。

8、新闻的基本特征是它的真实性、新鲜性和____。9、20世纪30年代,史量才主持了____的改革。10、1922年9月13日在上海创刊的________周刊,是中共中央第一份政治机关报。11、1896年8月9日,维新运动时期最负盛名的________在上海创刊。

12、解放战争时期,新华通讯社的突出贡献是它的____宣传报道。

13、在新闻价值的构成要素中,不确定的因素是指________。

14、新闻产生于人类____的需要。

15、广播、电视是________的产物。

二、名词解释(25分,每道5分)

1、辕门抄

2、王韬

3、拒检运动

4、新闻杂志

5、解释性报道

三、简答题(20分,每题10分)

1、鸦片战争前后,外国人在华办报活动的变化。

2、我国新闻政策的基本内容。

四、论述题(40分,四题中任选两题,每题20分)1、1942年,《解放日报》整风改版的历史意义。

2、维新派报刊宣传活动的进步作用。

3、新闻与信息的关系。

4、新闻的真实性原则对新闻传播者的要求。

五、实践题(共50分)

阅读下面一则报道,完成文后有关事项: “为您省钱,包您满意”,14日上午,一名西装革履,额头上书写着“请勿随地吐痰”和衣服背面“美化环境,从我做起”公益广告的光头青年一出现在镇江大市口城市客厅广场上,立即吸引了众多路人好奇的眼光。据悉,这位第一个吃人体广告螃蟹的光头青年名叫谷立迎,27岁,外地人。

记者看到,沿途有行人停下来围观,他就迎上去发放名片,向市民推介起自己身上的“广告招租位”。“这么多人看,你就不害羞吗?”记者问。“这就是我要达到的社会效果!”他神色坦然,“可惜看的人多,问的人少,这几天只接到一笔生意。”从他嘴里记者陆陆续续知道了一些情况;他们16岁就跟老乡来镇江打工,先后做过瓦工、木工和漆工,后在苏州搞了一段时间的户外广告失败后,又怀揣自己仅有的16元钱重回镇江发展,几经周折,他选中了近来在大城市颇多非议的光头广告,出租人体作为广告载体,在身体的头部、手臂等部位用油彩写画广告语、广告图案,在人流多的路段游走,几天下来,终于找到了第一个客户——一家白酒经销商,挣到了第一笔收入,他表示,自己看好人体作为一种广告媒体的巨大潜力,不久就会成立一家职业人体广告公司,为客户全方位包装。对于在人体上做广告,人们莫衷一是。“这样的怪事我还是平生第一次看到,是否有点不妥?”市民刘先生觉得让一位全身写满广告的大男人招摇过市极不雅观;而且头是人体最尊贵的部位,当成商品促销工具太污辱人格。还有一些持反对意见的市民则向他投去了不屑的眼光,认为这种行为实际上是哗众取宠,也可说是个人炒作,出卖“身体”跟懒人不劳而获没有本质区别。

而更多的市民则对这位青年的勇气表示了钦佩,他们都认为大城市早就有光头广告:既然他只是利用大众好奇心理吸引注意力、以实现所谓的“眼球经济”,又没什么违法或不道德内容,借此获利是无可厚非的。(原载《新华日报》,作者聂伟)

(1)

为该新闻稿制作标题(10分);(2)

改写新闻的导语(10分);

(3)

为该新闻配写500字左右的短评。(30分)

注意:答案请不要做在试题纸上。

学二00四年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

学科、专业:传播学„„„„ 研究方向:„„„„„„考试科目:大众传播理论

一、填空题(每题2分,共50分)1、20世纪40年代________在美国俄亥俄州伊里县进行田野调查,发现大众传播的效果是有限的。

2、法兰克福学派学者突出地批判了________的负面价值。

3、英国文化研究派的左派知识分子把文化看作社会过程本身,他们受阿尔都有葛兰西的影响较大,因此某种意义上文化研究也被称为“________”。

4、________把语言学称为“一般语义学”,从科学与精神健康的高度,强调人们正确使用语言方式的重要性。

5、苏珊?朗格把符号称作“________”,它可以让人对某些事物加以思考,或脱离具体的事物来想象。

6、亚里斯多德在他的《修辞学》一书中较为系统而又简洁地提出了传播的____模式。

7、麦克卢汉将媒介划分为“热媒介”和“冷媒介”,而区分媒介冷热的依据是____________________和____________________。

8、知沟假说强调,在社会发展过程中____________对人们接受信息起着决定性的作用。

9、瑞恩和格罗斯对衣阿华州农民所进行的混种玉米推广过程成为________模式的典范,具有很大影响。

10、最早对媒介引导舆论的功能进行阐述的政治家是____。

11、________理论认为,大众传播产生于报业发展之初,传播媒介掌握在政府手中,传播者无权无利。

12、魔弹论是旧的传播观念________型传播的产物。

13、哈贝马斯的交往理论受到了____的符号互动理论的影响。

14、传播学者罗森格伦引马斯洛的“需求层次论”用以讨论受众对媒介的________情况。15、1968年,麦康姆斯和唐纳德?肖第一次尝试证实了大众媒介的________功能。

16、传播与国家发展理论的第一代范式的是以施拉姆等人为代表的“________”。

17、舆论一词最早是由法国大革命时期的________提出的。

18、民意测验、民意调查所使用的实证方法是________。

19、以法兰克福学派和社会研究所著称的批判学派是马克思主义和____理论的一种理智结合。

20、李普曼在《舆论学》一书中认为,在舆论形成过程中________是一个关键性的因素。

21、以研究《达拉斯》(《豪门恩怨》)而影响广泛的著名批判学者是澳大利亚的____。

22、美国符号学创始人皮尔斯把符号分为图像符号、标志符号和____。23、1969年赫伯特?席勒出版了他的________一书,揭开了媒介帝国主义理论研究的序幕。

24、文化研究派讨论最多的是____问题,即区分其中的真理与谬误、显示出虚构等要素。

25、马尔库塞认为,物质文明的进步只会增加对人的压抑,使人异化为________.二、名词解释(每题5分,共25分)

1、暴力指标(Violence Index)

2、乐队—花车效应(band-wagon effect)

3、《马克布莱德报告》

4、“球土化”

5、传播与现代化理论S

三、简答题(任选3题,每题10分,共30分)

1、如何认识麦克卢汉和梅罗维茨的“重新部落化”观点?

2、大众文化与大众传播之间的关系表现为哪些方面?

3、英国学者汤林森论文化帝国主义的途径有哪几种?

4、试述网络传播学术界有关于“网名与实名”的争议,至今尚无定论,你如何看待网上用名对社会发展的影响。

四、论述题(任选三题,每题15分,共45分)

1、列举近年“新闻炒作”的5件代表性事件,并结合李普曼“舆论学”观点、“议题设置理论”和“沉默的螺旋理论”,申论“炒作”能否成为社会舆论。

2、斯图亚特?霍尔《编码/解码》一文主要阐述了哪些观点,试加以阐述。

3、从文化研究的视角来看,效果研究存在许多缺点,根据麦克里德、潘忠党等人在《媒介效果的了解与误解》一文的归纳,这些缺点主要表现在哪些方面?

4、下面一段文字选自Gaye Tuchman 的“Representation and The News Narrative.The Web of Facticity”文,阅后试对其观点作一阐述。

Anthropological work on conventions of documentary filmmaking in nonindustrial cultures suggests that television news film builds upon conventions of representation.Adair, Worth, and their students have instructed Navajos(纳瓦霍人,美国最大印地安部落),deaf-mutes, and ghetto adolescents on the operation of cameras and editing devices.Left on their own to discover shots and sequences, the filmmakers produced cinematic variations of their verbal languages and storytelling traditions.For instance, Navajo silent films contain a plethora of walking sequences, recreating the role of walking as a connective between two activities, as in Navajo oral narratives.The makers of these films are far more accessible to Navajo speakers than to English speakers.Worth and Adair report the reaction of a monolingual Navajo to a silent film made by a bilingual Navajo artist.She said, “I cannot understand English.It was telling all about 【the subject of the film 】in English, which I could not understand.”

This Navajo′s reaction to the silent film warns us to avoid the representational temptation, and suggests that we should regard television news film as professionally and organizationally produced patterns of news culture.To be sure, news film presents itself to us as actual representations, not as symbols and signs manipulated by set conventions.This self-presentation is specifically contained in the word used by newsworkers and filmmakers to indicate film taken of events in progress.苏

学二00五年攻读硕士研究生入学考试试题

学科、专业:传播学„„„„研究方向:„„„„„„考试科目:大众传播理论

一、填空题(每题2分,共20分,答案填入答题纸)

1、奥格登和里察兹合著的______一书,是专门讨论语言问题的杰作,第一次对语言问题作出精密系统的分析。

2、_____认为,“魔弹论”不是学者理论,而是记者的“发明”。

3、麦克卢汉的思维方式十分独特,具有跳跃性,这就是所谓的“________”思维。

4、拉扎斯菲尔德大众传播过程中的四个是介变量是_______、_______、_______、_______。

5、李普曼在《舆论学》一书中提出了“两个环境说”,即______和______。

6、列宁在《_____________》一文中,强调党的新闻机构应当充当齿轮和螺丝钉的角色,成为政党机器中的一个有机组成部分。

7、最早提出“把关人”概念的是____。

8、澳大利亚学者Ien Ang以对美国电视剧《______》的研究否定了人们接受媒介帝国主义文本即产生意识形态效果的观点。

9、批判学派的研究路线通常有两种:一是______________________,另一是____________________。

10.劝服效果研究从根本上说,它是以________为中心的。

二、名词解释(每题5分,共20分)

1、共鸣效果

2、性别刻板印象

3、“编码/解码论”

4、知沟假说

三、简答题(任选3题,每题10分,共30分)

1、试对申农和韦弗传播模式进行简单的评价

2、试述万能效果论成立必须满足的几个条件

3、简介有限效果论的三个代表性的研究流派

4、试述大众传播媒介与舆论的关系

5、简述梅罗维茨《空间感的消失》(No Sense of Place)一书所阐述的主要内容

四、论述分析题(任选4,每题20分,共80分)

1、试评威廉斯与施拉姆等人的媒介制度理论的异同

2、麦奎尔如何看媒介霸权?结合本国实际谈谈你对他的观点的理解

3、试述媒介帝国主义的主要假设并结合全球化的特点谈谈我国媒介文化的发展走向

4、麦康姆斯、唐纳德?肖关于媒介议题设置功能的研究报告中提到的“研究方法”、“研究发现”和进一步“讨论”的主要内容是什么

5、格伯纳“文化指标研究”的主要内容

6、阅读下面一段短文,结合实际谈谈你的理解

The(uses and gratifications)model has been criticized for not taking the content of media texts into account in its assessment of audience uses and gratifications.For example, since some media texts are structured in ways which produce preferred readings, the texts role in positioning the reader might to some extent impinge upon the gratification of audience needs.For example, does audience gratification depend upon the adoption of preferred reading oppositions, or does the resistance of certain positions produce satisfaction of audience needs? The lack of attention to media content has meant that the issue of how far media messages themselves might produce certain forms of audience activity has been neglected.The model also, as Elliot argues, assumes a straightforward, unproblematic notion of audience selection and gratification.It might be that audiences select certain media forms as a result of their comfortable knowledge of certain genres rather than as a result of selecting texts in total congruence somehow evenly balanced by gratifications is therefore fundamentally flawed because the model pays insufficiently attention to the complex reasons why audiences choose particular media forms.The uses and gratifications approach has also been criticized for its “insufficiently sociological”.As an approach which focuses wholly on the personal uses and gratifications of individuals, it tends to produce psychologistic model of human behavior in relation to media consumption.This tends to divorce media consumers from their socio-historical context, therefore ruling out the possibility of considering how audience needs and gratifications are socially and historically produced.Its overemphasis on individuals, rather than on characteristics within and the power relations which structure different types of media consumption.In this way individual activities remain atomized “individual” responses which cannot be understood within the framework that group studies potentially provided.It is in this respect that the uses and gratifications approach differs widely from the audience research undertaken at BCCCS.苏

学二00五年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

学科、专业:新闻学、传播学„„研究方向:„„„„考试科目:新闻学基础

一、填空(10分,每空1分)

1、郑观应的新闻思想主要见之于所撰的专著________。2、1900年1月创刊于香港的____,是中国最早宣传资产阶级民主革命的报纸。3、1908年,中国历史上第一部新闻法________颁行。

4、享有“中国新闻史开山之作”之誉的菱是戈公振的________。

5、天津《大公报》1935年5月10日起刊发____的《旅行通讯》。

6、斯诺《红星照耀中国》的中文版书名为________。

7、上海“孤岛”时期以外商名义发行的中文报纸,时称________。

8、新闻的真实性将新闻与____区分开来。

9、____年,中国共产党领导的新闻事业开始了第三次新闻改革。10.新闻价值是一种____存在。

二、名词解释(30分,每题6分)

1、东西洋考每月统计传

2、癸丑报灾

3、邹韬奋

4、北京大学新闻学研究会

5、新闻纪录片

三、简答题(20分,每题10分)1、20世纪30年代《申报》纪念六十周年的革新活动。

2、互联网新闻传播的特点。

四、论述题(40分,四题中任选两题,每题20分)

1、中国古代报纸产生于唐代的历史依据。

2、资产阶级革命派的新闻思想。

3、新闻事业产生和发展的主要因素。

4、试论调查性报道的基本特点。

五、实践题(共50分)

阅读下面一则报道,完成文后有关事项:

据《中国青年报》报道

今年7月,重庆理念科技产业有限公司招聘了21名大学生,让人始料未及的是,在随后不到4个月的时间里,该公司陆续开除了其中的20名本科生,仅仅留下了一名大专生。据该公司反映,这些大学生被开除的主要原因是他们的自身素质和道德修养不能胜任公司的人才需求。

第一批被公司除名的是两名来自某重点大学的计算机高材生,他们在第一次与客户谈完生意后,将价值3万多元的设备遗忘在出租车上。面对经理的批评,两人却振振有词地说:“对不起,我们是刚毕业的学生,学生犯错是常事,你就多包涵吧。”两人终因修养不够、“言多语失”而被开除。据记者了解,像这两名本科生一样,其余十几名本科生被开除的主要原因也是与个人修养存在缺失有关。

第三个被公司“扫地出门”的是一名本科毕业的女学生,喜欢睡懒觉,上班经常迟到,还在工作时间上网聊天,经多次警告仍置若罔闻,最终被公司“开回家”。另有3名大学生因“张狂”而被“卷了铺盖”。他们在与客户吃工作餐时,夸夸其谈,大声喧闹,弄得客户和公司领导连交谈的时机都没有。席间,更有一名男生张嘴吐痰,一口痰刚好落在了客户的脚边,惊得客户一下子从凳子上跳了起来。该男生却像什么事都没有发生一样继续吃饭,结果可想而知。最让人难以接受的是,有一次,公司老总带领公司员工到外地搞促销,在海边租了一套别墅,有20多间客房,但员工有100多人,很多老员工甚至老总都只能睡在过道上,而有些新来的大学生却迅速给自己选定好房间,然后锁上房门独自看电视。这些学生好几次走出房门看见长辈睡在地上,竟都视而不见,不吭一声。此事又让几名大学生丢了饭碗。最后被开除的是一名男生,他没与对方谈妥业务就飞到南京,让公司白白花了几千元的飞机票。当领导问及此事,他却不依不饶:“我没错,是他们变卦,你是领导我也不怕!”他被开除后,邀约两名同事一起走;接下来,3人又从公司里拉走了几个人。就这样,3个多月下来,20名本科生全都离开了公司。

而惟一没有被“炒掉”的“幸运儿”是一位女大专生。“我只是比别人更清楚,自己比别人少了什么东西,我虽然没有很高的文凭,但是我觉得‘细微之处见匠心’。”在她看来,作为公司的一员,应该懂得自己的言行必须符合公司的正当利益。对自己的前途负责,首先是对自己所在单位负责、对工作负责。在她的工作记录本封面上写着两个字:用心。

她介绍说,因为刚接触工作,很多东西都需要学习,自己就借公司其他员工的资料看,经常看到深夜。正是这份勤奋和谦逊,让这位女大专生笑到了最后。

(作者:田文生

熊黎)问题:(1)

为该新闻稿制作标题;(10分)

(2)

改写新闻的导语;(10分)

(3)

结合现实,为该新闻配写500字左右的短评。(30分)

学二00六年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

专业名称:新闻学、传播学„„„„„„„„„„考试科目:新闻学基础„„„„„„„„

一、填空(10分,每空1分)

1、宋、明两代邸报有邸状、朝报等多种别称,主要原因是其没有固定的____。

2、洪仁玕在____中高度评价了报纸在社会结构中的重要地位。

3、____最早在国内提出言论自由的要求。

4、____是维新派在华南地区的重要舆论阵地。

5、第二次国人办报高潮中,国内形成了上海、____两大办报基地。6、1905年9月,资产阶级革命派创办了第一份画报________。7、1938—1944年,____聚集了大批进步报刊,有抗战时期文化城之称。

8、抗战时期,____以新加坡《星洲日报》为阵地,进行抗日宣传。

9、人类新闻传播活动在本质上是一种____活动。

10、舆论出自舆论主体的自发或自觉的行动,因而具有____的特点。

二、名词解释(36分,每题6分)

1、遐迩贯珍

2、于右任

3、自由新闻体制

4、第三条道路

5、可读性

6、动态消息

三.简答题(24分,每题12分)

1、宋代小报盛行于南宋的历史原因?

2、如何理解“无选择即无新闻”?

四、论述题(40分,1、2和3、4题中各选1题,每题20分)

1、比较维新变法时期梁启超、严复、谭嗣同的办报主张。

2、白话文的使用对我国现代新闻事业发展的影响及其意义。

3、隐性采访受法律保护的抗辩事由主要有哪些?

4、近年来我国新闻报道对传播新闻观念有哪些突破?

五、实践题(共40分)

阅读下面几则材料,结合现实情形,写一篇新闻评论,标题自拟,全文不少于600字。

材料1:校园中的“异类”语言。“你看!前面那个就是‘飘飘’!”记者刚走进重庆某高校就听到一个新名词儿,于是上前询问何为“飘飘”,小李上下打量了记者一番,用稍显不屑的口吻回答说:“‘飘飘’是什么你都不知道呀,你是不是上个世纪的人呐?‘飘飘’就是同性恋!”小李见记者如此“无知”,继续补充道:“‘飘飘’还有一人同义词是‘玻璃’。”

如今,大学校园内像这样的新词汇多如牛毛,俯拾即是,如“扁”、“K”、“修理”就是“打”的意思,“研究国粹”就是打麻将,“学习文件”就是玩扑克牌,“特困生”就是早上第一节课就打瞌睡的学生,“觉皇”就是嗜睡的人,“人性”、“甜蜜”、“晒月亮”、“青春必修课”都是约会,“白骨精”为白领骨干精英„„

材料2:传播流行时尚 对这些词汇的来源渠道,记者进行了简单的集纳,首当其冲的是来源于网络流行语,如“MM(女孩)”、“GG(男孩)”、“汗(被吓到)”、“顶(支持)”、“3166(再见)”、“88(再见)”等等。尤其是一个最近风靡校园的词汇——“内秀”,来源于网络红人——“芙蓉姐姐”,在校园内时常可以听到一个不想表现自己的人说“偶(我)是一个很内秀的人!”

材料3:追求流行时尚 提及校园“黑话”的传播速度,小张用自己的亲身经历介绍说:“刚出来一个新词,有人使用了,于是自己跟着用,这时自己还属于走在时代前沿的人,不到一周,上学放学走在路上,沿途能听到这个词至少四次,这时就已经普及流行。”

记者采访发现,由于大学生走在时代前沿,追求流行时尚,因此普遍都愿意接受并且广泛使用这些“黑话”,使自己不落伍,不掉队。

此外,这类“黑话”普遍简洁、精短、鲜活、生动、易于青少年接受,还能搞笑、减压、调侃、掩饰隐私,起到避讳的作用,所以学生们一传十、十传百,很快就成了“象牙塔”内的流行语,上口率非常高。

材料4:正视“黑话”,校园“黑话”的盛行引起了很多人的关注,重庆师范大学文学与新闻学院研究生李伟认为,有很大一类校园流行语是出于对日常刻板语言的判逆心理,故意利用语音表达与原词相反的意思,玩文字游戏,但绝非恶意,重庆市社会科学院社会学所副所长孙元明则认为,校园流行语属于一种“亚语言现象”,这种现象是语言发展中一直都存在的,但是,孙元明强调对校园“黑话”中一些不健康的成分应该进行正确的引导。

(见2005年月10月11日《文汇报》)

注意:答案请不要做在试题纸上。

学二00六年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

专业名称:新闻学、传播学„„„„„„„„„„考试科目:大众传播理论

一、填空题(每题2分,共20分,答案填入答题纸)

1、文化研究的最强有力的思想武器来源于阿尔都塞和葛兰西的()理论。

2、德福勒模式与申农-韦弗模式相比,其进步之处在于,他开始注意到()的存在。

3、列宁在他的《

》一文中强调指出,要向公众全面报道和阐明真相,不浮夸,、不武断、不造谣,不作见不得人的私人报道。

4、维纳在《

》一书中说:“信息就是信息,不是物质也不是能量”。5、1948年,拉扎斯菲尔德和墨顿提出大众传播媒介具有()功能,认为它只限于报道社会上无关痛痒的社会问题。

6、麦克卢汉在《

》一书中,提出了媒介讯息论的观点。

7、威廉斯认为研究媒介产品不应仅作孤立的文本分析,而应当把文本分析同对于产生这些产品的()联系起来。

8、梅罗维次在《空间感的消失》一书中提出了()的观点。

9、()的《创新扩散》一书,从技术革新的信息是如何传播

扩散的角度,探讨了大众传播及人际传播在技术革新的普及过程中所发挥的不同的作用。

10、赫伯特?阿特休尔把世界上的新闻体制分为市场经济世界的模式、马克思主义世界的模式和()。

二、名词解释(每题5分,共20分)

1、多伦多学派

2、固定样本法

3、文化规范论

4、国际传播

三.简答题(任选3题,每题10分,共30分)1.按照麦克劳等的观点,行为科学的批判认为传播效果研究的主要缺陷表现在哪些方面? 2、70年代以来,学术界对“沉默的螺旋”理论的质疑意见主要有哪些?

3、试述“社会责任论”的主要内容。

4、简述媒介帝国主义的基本假设。

四.论述分析题(任选4题,每题20分,共80分)

1、英国学者P?戈尔丁和G?默多克关于批判的传播政治经济学研究主要内容。

2.结合本国实际谈谈你对使用与满足模式的理解。

3.试述麦奎尔对马克思主义传播理论中有关媒介分析的三个流派的评价。

4、格伯纳“主流效果”研究修正的结论主要有哪些?

5.阅读下面一段短文,结合实际谈谈你的理解。

Advertising′s main goal is to “focus consumers′attention on what values, products, brands, or attributes to think about rather than try to persuade consumers what to think of these ”(Ghorpade,1986 p.24).To date, there are many methods to test advertising′s effectiveness: surveys, focus groups, charts.Etc.One such method is through the use of the agenda setting function.With this method, the relationship between consumer choice and advertising can be analyzed and measured for effectiveness.This is an uncommon method so there is not a lot of research measuring the validity of the agenda setting theory.There are some “contingent conditions ” for agenda setting that affects the relationship between advertising and consumer.First of all, the duration of exposure to a particular issue can be a factor because some things will catch on quicker than others.Secondly, geographic proximity is a factor.According to Palmgreen and Clarke national issues as opposed to local ones are more likely to result in agenda setting taking place.Lastly, there is what type of medium is involved, which happens to be the most controversial factor.The majority of studies performed conclude that newspapers are more likely to create salience than any other medium(Protess & Combs.1991).苏

学2007年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

专业名称:新闻学、传播学„„„„„„„„„„考试科目:新闻传播基础

一、名词解释(每题4分,共5题,20分)

1、电子殖民主义

2、固定样本法

3、(美国)第一修正法案

4、受众商品论

5、两极传播理论

二、简答题(任选3题,每题10分,共30分)

1、互联网对传统媒体的影响。

2、举出5个你经常阅读视听的新闻媒体,并加以简要论述

3、记者获取新闻线索的途径有哪些?

4、谈谈受众知情权与记者采访权的关系。

三、论述题(任选4题,每题15分,共60分)

1、江苏最近部分报纸刊登一些有关治疗“性病”方法的老军医,针对报纸低俗化,试写一个研究策划方案。

2、根据霍尔的编码解码论,论述人们对网络妇女大学形象的不同反应。

3、试论述青年亚文化,并举出三个事例,用文化研究的角度加以论述。

4、试论一个新近发生事实成为新闻的决定因素,并结合实际情况加以分析。

5、为什么针对同一新闻事实,不同的媒体有不同的反应,试用相关理论加以分析。

三、实践题

(一)标题写作:为下面一则新闻增加五个标题(15分)

PS:(这个报道记不太清了,等以后见了真题再补吧。不难的。)

(二)消息写作:请根据温家宝总理的讲话,为一都市报写一篇头版消息。(25分)

要求:

1、题目自拟;

2、字数:不少于400字

PS:(讲话是有关动员全国经济普查的,材料特别长)

2007年苏大传播系复试(笔试部分)

一,国外学术界是如何评价“使用-满足理论”的

二,用文化研究学派的知识来评价"超女"现象.

三,“沉默的螺旋”假设的主要内容有哪些?你如何看待西方的民调结果?

四,传媒的田野调查需要做哪些工作?

五,谈谈你对传播学专业学习的认识(50)

学2008年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 专业名称:新闻学、传播学„„„„„考试科目:新闻传播基础 一 名词解释(20分)编辑方针(没想到这个也考

全靠去年的印象了 用自己的话说的)2 黑幕揭发运动(根据自己的理解用自己的话说的)3 格伯纳 4 媒介控制

二 简答题(10* 4=40分

5选4)1 在世界上新闻法的有多少种分类?(3种

看来考的很细了)试着写出你读过的5本新闻作品的名称和作者名字(这个题 我郁闷的要死,想把陈龙老师的《大众传播学》也算吧

然后自己编几个也算啊,反正又不能去查证;不过自己还是没敢做这题)沉默的螺旋理论的主要内涵(不难

背会就拿分

对于传播的效果理论 是每年必考的,所以一定要背好)4文化研究学派 电子媒介的“空间偏向”

三 论述题(15×2=30分)结合今年新闻报道的有关内容,试论述新闻媒介和政府的关系

(新闻媒介可以培养人们的参政意识

监督 保障;

是党和人民的口舌; 党性原则

此题不难 但很综合)2 某电视台提出“用事实说话”,用新闻学的有关理论去论述。

(只需要论述 新闻的真实性与客观性,对于失真失实的危害一提

也不难 新闻学的重点内容。往年都考 新闻价值和新闻自由的多)

四 实践题(60分)

给你一篇新闻稿…………………………………………….写出你对它的评介(300字)

(我只说出了它的优缺点

缺点多: 语言不简洁

文章没有条理性)2 改写成简讯,并加标题(300字)(只需要交待请5W 我就想不明白 简讯怎么能写到300字左右呢 希望谁给解答一下自己写的不好,为了凑字数 后来加一些废话)写一个编者按(150字)(就是发表一下自己的观点 写了下培养人才的 加强创新的紧迫性)4 以此为线索,如果要你进一步去报道,你打算怎么做? 说说你的想法

(写的对于博士生的生活待遇问题的进一步调查 用实地调查法 写一个精确性报道)

评论写作

给出一篇评论

《谁篡夺了毛主席手书“为人民服务”》

“戒烟广告竟然将毛主席手书‘为人民服务’,篡改成了‘为烟民服务’,这也太不严肃了。”日前,南京有市民对该市8路公交车内广告牌上的戒烟广告,提出了质疑,并表示难以理解。(6月22日《现代快报》)的确,毛主席题写的“为人民服务”这几个字,有着一定的历史意义。即使在今天,“为人民服务”也经常出现在一些公共场所或机关部门的宣传牌上。南京的这条另类戒烟广告,之所以自以为妙地想到了“为烟民服务”的措词,其对毛主席原词的掠美之意,可谓显而易见。

戒烟广告用上“为烟民服务”的字眼,真如一些市民说的那样感到无法理解么?我看未必。类似的例子,公众已是屡见不鲜。譬如同样在某个时代妇孺皆知的“将革命进行到底”,不是早就“派生”出了“将爱情进行到底”、“将炒作进行到底”等的诸多版本么。如果我们承认和相信“与时俱进”涵盖了社会生活的方方面面,那么,也就应该既记住“为人民服务”的历史意义,又能容忍“为烟民服务”、“为网民服务”、“为股民服务”的“取巧”创新和使用。

不过,从报道的内容来看,南京公交车上的那个戒烟广告,的确有着明显的不妥之处。把毛主席手书的“为人民服务”字样,原原本本地套用到广告画面,且只是将其中的“人”字换成了宋体“烟”字,分明是种极不严肃的做法。这样的广告创意,根本就是一种“广告疮意”。联想到稍早有人把雷锋形象印在避孕套的铁盒包装外,借此隐喻其产品“为人民服务”的“雷锋精神”,无疑是对真正雷锋精神的污辱与亵渎了。

每个时代,总有一些普遍遵循的认知惯例和道德底线。而故意与毛主席手书相混淆的“为烟民服务”戒烟广告也好,印上雷锋头像的避孕套外包装也罢,其实并非是在“投机取巧”,恰恰是在“投机取骂”、“投机取丑”了。广告宣传,也是企业形象和商家素质的一个参照物。连广告都做得那么“缺乏好感”,公众对其产品,是会喜欢多,还是厌恶多呢?

来源:人民网—观点频道 2007年6月23日

1、你认为标题合适否?说明理由,如不合适请你给拟一个

3.1999年大学俄语四级考试真题 篇三

Part III Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused.I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?

M: Why don’t you just go to the ticket window and ask?

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

12.W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night.Did you get home in time to see it?

W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the man mean?

13.W: Airport, please.I’m running a little late.So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct.M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

14.W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good.M: Thank you, but I don’t eat shellfish.I’m allergic to it.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?

15.W: now one more question if you don’t mind, what position in the company appeals to you most?

M: Well, I’d like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.Q: What do we learn about the man?

16.M: I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year.I need more privacy.W: I know what you mean.But check out the cost if renting an apartment first.I won’t be surprised if you change your mind.Q: What does the woman imply?

17.M: You’re on the right track.I just think you need to narrow the topic down.W: Yeah, you’re right.I always start by choosing two boarder topics when I’m doing a research paper.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

18.W: This picnic should beat the last one we went to, doesn’t it?

M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole time inside.Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?

Long Conversation

Conversation One

M: When I say I live in Sweden, people always want to know about the seasons.W: The seasons?

M: Yeah, you know how cold it is in winter? What is it like when the days are so short?

W: So what is it like?

M: Well, it is cold ,very cold in winter.Sometimes it is cold as 26 degrees below centigrade.And of course when you go out, you’ll wrap up warm.But inside in the houses it’s always very warm, much warmer than at home.Swedish people always complain that when they visit England, the houses are cold even in the good winter.W: And what about the darkness?

M: Well, yeah, around Christmas time there’s only one hour of daylight, so you really looks forward to the spring.It is sometimes a bit depressing.But you see the summers are amazing, from May to July in the North of Sweden the sun never sets.It’s still light in the midnight.You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaper.W: Oh, yeah, the land of the midnight sun.M: Yeah, that’s right, but it’s wonderful.You won’t stay up all night.And the Swedes makes most of it often they started work earlier in summer and then leave at about 2 or 3 in the afternoon, so that they can really enjoy the long summer evenings.They’d like to work hard, but play hard, too.I think Londoners work longer hours, but I’m not sure this is a good thing.Q19: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

Q20: What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter?

Q21: How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Sweden? Q21: What does the man say about the Swedish people? Conversation Two

W: What kind of training does one need to go into this type of job?

M: That’s a very good question.I don’t think there is any, specifically.W: For example, in your case, what was your educational background?

M: Well, I did a degree in French at Nottingham.After that, I did careers work in secondary schools like the careers guidance people.Here is in the university.Then I went into local government because I found I was more interested in the administrative side.Then progressed on to universities.So there wasn’t any plan and there was no specific training.There are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committee work which you can attend now.W: But in the first place, you did a French degree.M: In my time, there wasn’t a degree you could do for administration.I think most of the administrators I’ve come across have degrees and all sorts of things.W: Well, I know in my case, I did an English literature degree and I didn’t really expect to end up doing what I am doing now.M: Quite.W: But you are local to Nottingham, actually? Is there any reason why you went to Nottingham University?

M: No, no, I come from the north of England, from west Yorkshire.Nottingham was one of the universities I put on my list.And I like the look of it.The campus is just beautiful.W: Yes, indeed.Let’s see.Were you from the industrial part of Yorkshire?

M: Yes, from the Woolen District.Q23.What was the man’s major at university?

Q24: What was the man’s job in secondary schools? Q25: What attracted the man to Nottingham University? Section B

Passage One

While Gail Obcamp, an American artist was giving a speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan, she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listeners have their eyes closed.Were they tuned off because an American had the nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form or they deliberately tried to signal their rejection of her? Obcamp later found out that her listeners were not being disrespectful.Japanese listeners sometimes closed their eyes to enhance concentration.Her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her words.Some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving people from other countries or members of minority group in North America.Learning how different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings.Here are some examples.In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air.In some cultures, both overseas and in some minority groups in North America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker.Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding direct eye contact.In some countries, whistling by listeners is a sign of approval while in other courtiers it is a form of insult.Questions:

26, What did Obcamp’s speech focus on?

27, Why do Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes while listening to a speech? 28, What does the speaker try to explain? Passage Two

Chris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his Division at Taxlong Company.He is soon going to have an evaluation interview with his supervisor and the personnel director to discuss the work he has done in the past year.Salary, promotion and plans for the coming year will also be discussed at the meeting.Chris has made several changes for his Division in the past year.First, he bought new equipment for one of the departments.He has been particularly happy about the new equipment because many of the employees have told him how much it has helped them.Along with improving the equipment, Chris began a program to train employees to use equipment better and do simple maintenance themselves.The training saved time for the employees and money for the company.Unfortunately, one serious problem developed during the year.Two employees the Chris hired were stealing, and he had to fire them.Chris knows that a new job for a purchasing and maintenance manager for the whole company will be open in a few months, and he would like to be promoted to the job.Chris knows, however, that someone else wants that new job, too.Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another Division of the company.She has also made several changes over the year.Chris knows that his boss likes Kim’s work, and he expects that his work will be compared with hers.Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.What is Chris’s main responsibility at Taxlong Company?

30.What problem did Chris encounter in his Division?

31.What does Chris hope for in the near future?

32.What do we learn about Kim from the passage?

Passage Three

Proverbs, sometimes called sayings, are examples of folk wisdom.They are little lessons which older people of a culture pass down to the younger people to teach them about life.Many proverbs remind people of the values that are important in the culture.Values teach people how to act, what is right, and what is wrong.Because the values of each culture are different, understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act.Understanding your own culture values is important too.If you can accept that people from other cultures act according to their values, not yours, getting along with them will be much easier.Many proverbs are very old.So some of the values they teach may not be as important in the culture as they once were.For example, Americans today do not pay much attention to the proverb “Haste makes waste”, because patience is not important to them.But if you know about past values, it helps you to understand the present and many of the older values are still strong today.Benjamin Franklin, a famous American diplomat, writer and scientist, died in 1790, but his proverb “Time is money” is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever before.A study of proverbs from around the world shows that some values are shared by many cultures.In many cases though, the same idea is expressed differently.Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.Why are proverbs so important?

34.According to the speaker what happens to some proverbs with the passage of time?

What do we learn from the study of proverbs from around the world?

Section C

Compound Dictation

Our lives are woven together.As much as I enjoy my own company, I no longer imagine I can get through a single day much less all my life completely on my own.Even if I am on vacation in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has sewn from cloth woven by others, using electricity someone else is distributing to my house.Evidence of interdependence is everywhere;we are on this journey together.As I was growing up, I remember being carefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything.“Make your own way”,” Stand on your own two feet” or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: Now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it.Total independence is a dominant thing in our culture.I imagine that what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities for my actions and my choices.But the teaching was shaped by our cultural imagines.And instead, I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help.I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody.听力:

Section A

11.答案:B)Go and ask the staff.12.答案:A)He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.13.答案:B)She is worried about missing her flight.14.答案:A)In a restaurant 15.A)He is being interviewed for a job.16.B)The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.17.D)The woman is going to make her topic more focused.18.B)They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic.19.C)He is an English living in Sweden.20.B)The cold houses.21.C)Depressing.22.B)They work hard and play hard.23.What was the man’s major at university? 答案:B)French.24.What was the man’s job in secondary schools? 答案:C)careers guidance.25.What attracted the man to Nottingham University? 答案:B)Its pleasant environment.Section B Passage One(听力短文第一大题)

26.A.The art of Japanese brush painting 27.A.To enhance concentration 28.C.How listeners in different cultures show respect Passage Two(听力短文第二大题)

4.1999年大学俄语四级考试真题 篇四

文秘助手之2015年12月大学英语四级作文真题解析——写作范文(第)

never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make something happen

there is no doubt that we should never go out there to see what happens;instead, we should take actions to make things happen.a telling example is youyou tu.she and her colleagues made 380 extracts from 2,00 herbs before they finally succeeded in discovering the pure substance qinghaosu, which can be used to treat malaria.as we all know, there were numerous scientists who wanted to find this substance, but it was her firm actions that made her the first chinese nobel laureate in medicine.why?reasons are quite simple and can be listed as follows.to begin with, only by taking actions can we find the best way to solve those problems we are facing, but as a bystander, we can learn nothing meaningful.in addition, in an age full of ruthless and relentless competitions, without taking actions to make things happen, we are bound to lose those valuable opportunities.for instance, if apple had just gone out there to see what happens in mobile phones, it could not have presented the amazing product, iphone, to us.accordingly, we college students should not just be a watcher but a doer.in my humble opinion, we can start from applying what we have learned into practice.

5.1999年大学俄语四级考试真题 篇五

11.W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused.I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?

M: Why don’t you just go to the ticket window and ask? Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? 【答案】B)Go and ask the staff.【解析】这是一道事实细节题。从对话中可知,女士搞不清楚列车时刻表,男士建议她去售票窗口咨询。ticket window售票窗口。12.W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night.Did you get home in time to see it? W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the man mean? 【答案】A)He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.【解析】这是道推理判断题,考查男士的言下之意以及虚拟语气。could have done意为本可以做某事,但未做。从对话中可知,男士确实回家看了电视节目,但是他说道:I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.我真希望自己当时能再晚点睡着,这样我就可以看完整场节目了。说明他没有看完整场节目就睡着了。13.W: Airport, please.I’m running a little late.So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct.M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation? 【答案】B)She is worried about missing her flight.【解析】这是道场景题,略有难度。刚开始,我们还无法很快判断出该对话发生的场景,很多同学一听到airport可能会误以为对话发生在机场,但如果我们继续听下去,就会发现,该对话应该发生在出租车上,因为女士说了句“请选择最快的路”,而男士说“因为有球赛,所以到处都交通拥堵”可以帮助我们再次确认对话发生的场景。选项A不对,原文是说要挑the fastest way哪怕不是the most direct way;选项C也不准确,才刚上车,并没有拥堵,司机只是提前说明因为球赛会碰到拥堵;选项D错误,女士是为了赶去乘飞机的,而不是去看球赛。14.W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good.M: Thank you, but I don’t eat shellfish.I’m allergic to it.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place? 【答案】A)At a restaurant 【解析】这是道场景题,较为简单。从对话中可知,女士希望向男士推荐一道菜,从首句中即可推断出该对话最有可能发生在餐馆中,男士说,他过敏,不吃贝壳类海鲜,可以帮助我们再次确认对话发生的场景。15.W: Now one more question if you don’t mind, what position in the company appeals to you most? M: Well, I’d like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.Q: What do we learn about the man? 【答案】A)He is being interviewed for a job.【解析】这是较为简单的细节推理题。从position, company这几个关键词中,我们就可以快速判断出此题的场景为面试,因此男士应该正在接受一场面试。C选项错误,他想要销售经理的职位,但并不表示他本身就是销售经理。16.M: I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year.I need more privacy.W: I know what you mean.But check out the cost if renting an apartment first.I won’t be surprised if you change your mind.Q: What does the woman imply? 【答案】B)The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.【解析】这是推理判断题,询问女士的言下之意。最后一句,女士表示“你改变主意的话,我不会觉得奇怪”,可知,男士不太可能搬出宿舍。A选项是个干扰项,虽然该选项看上去意思和B选项差不多,但对话中并没有提到男士想找一个更安静的地方,他想搬离寝室,是为了更多的个人空间。17.M: You’re on the right track.I just think you need to narrow the topic down.W: Yeah, you’re right.I always start by choosing two boarder topics when I’m doing a research paper.Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 【答案】D)The woman is going to make her topic more focused.【解析】这是推理判断题。从对话中可知,男士希望女士缩小主题的范围,女士回答“你是对的。”说明女士会采纳男士的建议,缩小主题。18.W: This picnic should beat the last one we went to, doesn’t it?

M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole time inside.Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation? 【答案】B)They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic.【解析】这是推理判断题。beat一词是个难点,beat本意有“打败”的意思,这次的野餐打败了上次,即这次比上次好,下文中,男士说“上次我们不得不呆在室内,但这次天气不错。”可以再次确认他们不喜欢上次的野餐,因此,正确答案为B。

Conversation One 【听力原文】

M: When I say I live in Sweden, people always want to know about the seasons.W: The seasons? M: Yeah, you know how cold it is in winter? What is it like when the days are so short? W: So what is it like? M: Well, it is cold, very cold in winter.Sometimes it is cold as 26 degrees below centigrade.And of course when you go out, you’ll wrap up warm.But inside in the houses it’s always very warm, much warmer than at home.Swedish people always complain that when they visit England, the houses are cold even in the good winter.W: And what about the darkness? M: Well, yeah, around Christmas time there’s only one hour of daylight, so you really looks forward to the spring.It is sometimes a bit depressing.But you see the summers are amazing, from May to July in the North of Sweden the sun never sets.It’s still light in the midnight.You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaper.W: Oh, yeah, the land of the midnight sun.M: Yeah, that’s right, but it’s wonderful.You want to stay up all night, and the Sweden’s made most of it.Often they started work earlier in summer and then leave at about 2 or 3 in the afternoon, so that they can really enjoy the long summer evenings.They’d like to work hard, but play hard, too.I think Londoners work longer hours, but I’m not sure this is a good thing.【听力材料评析】这篇长对话是围绕瑞典的天气展开,主要谈到瑞典冬天的极寒和夏天的极昼天气。文章一开头即说到人们喜欢询问瑞典的季节情况。接下来对具体情况进行了描述,包括:极寒天气下的气温、室外和室内温度状况,另外,就瑞典室温与英国室温进行了对比,再次强调证明瑞典室温很高;而极昼天气则谈的是瑞典人的工作时间和工作习惯,另外,就瑞典人工作时认真忙、能玩时拼命玩的习惯和英国人工作勤奋、工作时间长进行了对比。这篇对话考查细节信息抓取能力。整体难度不大,并且以男士提供的信息为主。但许多考生可能因为对瑞典(Sweden)和与瑞典相关的一系列名词不熟悉而纠结,因此忽略了真正需要听清的其实并不太难的关键信息。这就提醒大家在做题时,切勿因为个别词语不熟悉,而慌张。19.A)He likes Sweden better than England.B)He prefers hot weather to cold weather.C)He is an English living in Sweden.D)He visits London nearly every winter.19.What do we learn about the man from the conversation? 【答案】B)He prefers hot weather to cold weather.【解析】本题为推断题。根据文章大意可推断得出。整篇文章中,分别有两处暗示信息,一处是男士说,“Swedish people always complain that when they visit England, the houses are cold even in the good winter.”,瑞典人在冬天去拜访英格兰时,会抱怨英格兰室温太冷。另一处是男士在谈到冬天天气时,说道:“It is sometimes a bit depressing.”长时间寒冷的天气令人沮丧。因此可推断得出,男士更喜欢hot weather,热天气。所以,答案为:He prefers hot weather to cold weather.20.A)The bad weather B)The cold houses.C)The gloomy winter.D)The long night.20.What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter? 【答案】B)The cold houses.【解析】对话中,当男士介绍瑞典的极寒天气时,谈到只要穿暖,出门很暖,而室内更暖和,为了强调这一观点,男士继续说道:“Swedish people always complain that when they visit England, the houses are cold even in the good winter.”说是瑞典人在冬天去拜访英格兰时,会抱怨英格兰室温太冷。所以,答案为:The cold houses.21.A)Delightful.B)Painful.C)Depressing.D)Refreshing.21.How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Sweden? 【答案】C)Depressing.【解析】女士问:“And what about the darkness?”男士答道:“around Christmas time there’s only one hour of daylight, so you really looks forward to the spring.”临近圣诞节的时候,每天仅有一小时为白天,所以人们都非常向往春天,希望春天快点到来。然后,进一步强调性地评论道:“It is sometimes a bit depressing.”有时候真有点令人沮丧。因此,本题答案为:Depressing.22.A)They often stay up late reading.B)They work hard and play hard.C)They like to go camping in summer.D)They try to earn more and spend more.22.What does the man say about the Swedish people? 【答案】B)They work hard and play hard.【解析】男士在谈到瑞典的极昼天气时,着重谈了瑞典人在极昼天气的工作情况,并进一步对瑞典人的工作习惯进行了评价。男士说道:“They’d like to work hard, but play hard, too.”瑞典人既能在工作时努力工作,又能在能玩时拼命玩。所以,本题答案为:They work hard and play hard.Conversation Two 【听力原文】

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: What kind of training does one need to go into this type of job? M: That’s a very good question.I don’t think there is any, specifically.W: For example, in your case, what was your educational background? M: Well, I did a degree in French at Nottingham.After that, I did careers work in secondary schools like the careers guidance people here is in the university.Then I went into local government because I found I was more interested in the administrative side.Then progressed on to universities.So there wasn’t any plan and there was no specific training.There are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committee work which you can attend now.W: But in the first place, you did a French degree.M: In my time, there wasn’t a degree you could do for administration.I think most of the administrators I’ve come across have degrees and all sorts of things.W: Well, I know in my case, I did an English literature degree and I didn’t really expect to end up doing what I am doing now.M: Quite.W: But you are local to Nottingham, actually? Is there any reason why you went to Nottingham University? M: No, no, I come from the north of England, from west Yorkshire.Nottingham was one of the universities I put on my list.And I like the look of it.The campus is just beautiful.W: Yes, indeed.Let’s see.Were you from the industrial part of Yorkshire? M: Yes, from the Woolen District.【听力材料评析】这篇长对话围绕男士的教育背景和职业发展展开。按顺序分别谈到男士从诺丁汉大学法语专业,毕业之后去了中学和政府工作,然后又进入了大学管理层。这期间,他并没有刻意做过任何的职业发展计划,也没有接受过专门的相关职业培训,主要是因为在他的读书时代,并没有可攻读的管理学学位。对话最后谈到了男士去诺丁汉大学读书的原因是被其校园的优美风景所吸引。

这篇对话有一定难度。特别是关于男士职业的说法,考生未必熟悉。但考生不必紧张,因为主要的细节考查中,专业是法语、因为环境优雅所以选择诺丁汉大学这两题都不难听出。

23.A)Management.B)French C)English literature D)Public Administration 23.What was the man’s major at university? 【答案】B)French.【解析】细节题。在第二轮对话中,女士问,“what was your educational background?”你是什么教育背景,男士回答说:“I did a degree in French at Nottingham.” 我在诺丁汉大学攻读了法语学位,所以男士的专业是French。24.A)English teaching.B)Staff training.C)Careers guidance.D)Psychological counseling 24.What was the man’s job in secondary schools? 【答案】C)careers guidance.【解析】细节题。在说完“I did a degree in French at Nottingham.”之后,男士又接着说“After that, I did careers guidance in secondary schools.”因此,此题的答案应为:careers guidance。25.A)Its pleasant environment.B)Its worldwide fame.C)Its generous scholarship.D)Its well-designed courses.25.What attracted the man to Nottingham University? 【答案】B)Its pleasant environment.【解析】细节题。女士问:“Is there any reason why you went to Nottingham University?”你去诺丁汉大学是出于什么原因?男士在回答中说到,诺丁汉是我心中理想大学之一。紧接着他就说道:“And I like the look of it.”还进一步补充说明道:“ The campus is just beautiful.”因此,男士是因被其优雅环境所吸引而选择去诺丁汉大学。所以,本题的答案为:Its pleasant environment.Section B Passage One

While Gail Obcamp, an American artist was giving a speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan, she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listeners have their eyes closed.Were they tuned off because an American had the nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form? Were they deliberately tried to signal their rejection of her? Obcamp later found out that her listeners were not being disrespectful.Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes to enhance concentration.Her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her words.Some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving people from other countries or members of a minority group in North America.Learning how different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings.Here are some examples.In the deaf culture of North America, Many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air.In some cultures, both overseas and in some minority groups in North America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker.Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding direct eye contact.In some countries, whistling by listeners is a sign of approval while in other courtiers it is a form of insult.【听力点睛】本文主要介绍不同文化中都是如何表示尊重的,以及如何利用这点来避免跨文化交流中的误会产生。一开始先用一位美国艺术家Gail Obcamp做演讲的故事来举例子,引出对闭上眼睛这样一种动作不同的理解;继而发表了作者的看法:在和不同文化的人交流的时候,如果你懂得其他文化中是如何表达尊重的,可以避免误会;接着又是例子,是关于北美洲聋哑人是如何用动作来交流的。还有一些国家,对同样的手势会有截然不同的理解,进一步验证了作者的观点。

做这篇题目的重点在于能够迅速拎出来作者的观点。Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.What did Obcamp’s speech focus on? A)Characteristics of Japanese artists B)Some features of Japanese culture C)The art of Japanese brush painting D)The uniqueness of Japanese art 【答案】C)The art of Japanese brush painting 27.Why do Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes while listening to a speech? A)To calm themselves down B)To enhance concentration C)To show their impatience D)To signal their lack of interest 【答案】B)To enhance concentration.28.What does the speaker try to explain? A)How listeners in different cultures show respect B)How speakers can win approval from the audience C)How speakers can misunderstand the audience D)How different Western and Eastern art forms are 【答案】A)How listeners in different cultures show respect.Passage Two Chris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his Division at Taxlong Company.He is soon going to have an evaluation interview with his supervisor and the personnel director to discuss the work he has done in the past year.Salary, promotion and plans for the coming year will also be discussed at the meeting.Chris has made several changes for his Division in the past year.First, he bought new equipment for one of the departments.He has been particularly happy about the new equipment because many of the employees have told him how much it has helped them.Along with improving the equipment, Chris began a program to train employees to use equipment better and do simple maintenance themselves.The training saved time for the employees and money for the company.Unfortunately, one serious problem developed during the year.Two employees that Chris hired were stealing, and he had to fire them.Chris knows that a new job for a purchasing and maintenance manager for the whole company will be open in a few months, and he would like to be promoted to the job.Chris knows, however, that someone else wants that new job, too.Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another Division of the company.She has also made several changes over the year.Chris knows that his boss likes Kim’s work, and he expects that his work will be compared with hers.【听力点睛】这篇文章讲述了Chris在职场上的一次经历。Chris在Taxlong公司负责采购和维修设备。他即将要和领导针对过去一年的工作进行一个回顾总结,他心里希望可以得到晋升。在过去这一年里,他也做了不少贡献,买了许多能够提高效率的设备,但是他手下有两个职员因为偷窃而被开除了。除此以外,公司里面还有一个女同事Kim,是他这次晋级的竞争对手,她也一样很优秀。

这篇文章没有什么生词,难度较低。题目中考察细节问题比较多,需要同学们可以准确地在看到题目之后locate文章中对应题目的是哪一部分。

Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.What is Chris’s main responsibility at Taxlong Company? A)Directing personnel evaluation.B)Buying and maintain equipment.C)Drawing up plans for in-service training.D)Interviewing and recruiting employees.【答案】 B)Buying and maintain equipment.30.What problem did Chris encounter in his Division? A)Some of his equipment was damaged in a fire.B)The training program he ran was failure.C)Two of his workers were injured at work.D)Two of his employees committed theft.【答案】D)Two of his employees committed theft.31.What does Chris hope for in the near future? A)A better relationship with his boss.B)Advancement to a higher position C)A better-paying job in another company D)Improvement in the company’s management 【答案】B)Advancement to a higher position.32 What do we learn about Kim from the passage? A)She has more self-confidence than Chris.B)She works with Chris in the same division.C)She has more management experience than Chris.D)She is competing with Chris for the new job.【答案】D)She is competing with Chris for the new job.Passage Three Proverbs, sometimes called sayings, are examples of folk wisdom.They are little lessons which older people of a culture pass down to the younger people to teach them about life.Many proverbs remind people of the values that are important in the culture.Values teach people how to act, what is right, and what is wrong.Because the values of each culture are different, understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act.Understanding your own culture values is important too.If you can accept that people from other cultures act according to their values, not yours, getting along with them will be much easier.Many proverbs are very old.So some of the values they teach may not be as important in the culture as they once were.For example, Americans today do not pay much attention to the proverb “Haste makes waste”, because patience is not important to them.But if you know about past values, it helps you to understand the present and many of the older values are still strong today.Benjamin Franklin, a famous American diplomat, writer and scientist, died in 1790, but his proverb “Time is money” is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever before.A study of proverbs from around the world shows that some values are shared by many cultures.In many cases though, the same idea is expressed differently.【听力点睛】这篇文章是一篇说明文。从科学客观的角度讲述了Proverb谚语的一些知识。包括它的定义-----是老一辈人传给后代的生活经验,生活价值观。不同国家,不同文化中的谚语往往可以揭示不同的价值观。如果能够理解其他文化的谚语,价值观,那么会在跨文化交际中避免很多麻烦。

作者又提到,一些谚语年代久远。其中包含的价值观随着时代的变迁可能重要性也发生了改变。并且举了Haste makes waste.和Time is money.这样两个例子。

作者最后再次表明,通过学习不同国家的谚语,会发现一些国家会有相同或者相似的价值观,只是有可能表达的方式有所不同而已。

这篇说明文对考生的要求在于快速划分出作者想说明的几个点。一般通常写说明文章的顺序都是先说明要点,然后用一些事实来进一步说明。

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