人教版高二英语期末必考知识点

人教版高二英语期末必考知识点（精选10篇）

1.人教版高二英语期末必考知识点 篇一

1、城市化过程中产生的问题：

(1)环境质量下降

(2)交通拥挤，居住条件差

(3)增加就业困难，失业人数增多

2、城市化对地理环境的影响：

(1)促进人口转化-增加就业机会，劳动力从第一产业向第二、三产业逐渐转移;

(2)有利于改善产业结构——带动农村发展，有利于改善地区产业结构;

(3)推动工业发展-提高工业生产效率;

(4)推进科技进步——大城市是科技创新基地和信息交流中心，促进科技进步和信息化提升;

(5)改变文化、思想、观念——城市文化向乡村扩散渗透，全方位影响农村，利于城市与乡村间交流，缩小城乡发展差距。

3、解决城市环境问题主要措施：

(1)严格控制大城市规模，分散大城市职能，建设新区和卫星城，努力推进郊区城市化，以缓解城市中心区的压力;

(2)改善城市交通和居住条件，保护和治理城市环境;

(3)对城市进行合理规划，加强对城市的管理，妥善处理好城市个功能分区的关系。

4、降低城市化对地理环境影响的途径：

一方面在城市建设中，发展低污染的节能建筑和绿色交通，减少各类活动对环境的污染;

另一方面是城市景观尽可能与山河湖植被等自然景观保持协调，建立一种良性循环。为了使城市发展与社会、环境相协调，提出了建设和发展“生态城市”的目标。

2.人教版高二英语期末必考知识点 篇二

一、知识海洋细填空(每空1分，共16分)

1.一个数由3个百万、3个万、3个百组成，这个数是 ( )，读作( )。

2.天王星与太阳的距离为二十八亿九千二百万，写作()，四舍五入省略亿位后面的尾数约()。

3.□45×8＞2000(在□里填较小的一位数)

□05÷49＜6(在□里填较大的一位数)

4.小红爸爸每次给小红100元生活费，小红每天用13元，可以用()天，余()元。

5.1个周角=()个平角=()个直角=()°

6.张先生自驾车出差，车速90千米/时，从甲地到乙地行驶了4小时15分，两地相距大约()千米。

7.条形统计图分()式条形统计图和()式条形统计图。

二、是非曲直明判断(对的打“√”，错的“×”)(4分)

1.最小的自然数是1。()

2.100个100是1万。()

3.角的两条边叉开的越大，角越大。()

4.江伟骑自行车的速度达60千米/时。()

三、众说纷纭慎选择(选择正确答案的字母填在括号里)(8分)

1.在除法算式中，如果被除数不变，除数缩小10倍，那么商()。(被除数、除数都不为0)

六、生活数学活应用(共24分，1~4小题每题3分，第5小题8分，第6小题4分)

1.一台电话机76元，张主任带了600元，可以买几台电话机?还剩多少元?

2.王大爷养了48只狐狸，比养的兔子少240只，养兔子的只数是狐狸的几倍?

3.时令水果店共有3人，昨天共售出苹果36箱，每箱15千克，得货款3240元。平均每千克苹果多少元?

4.小轿车从广州到北京，如果车速120千米/时，需要行驶20小时，如果车速为100千米/时，需要行驶多少小时?

5.某县城乡小学生人数增减变化情况如下表，完成下面的统计图，并回答问题。

6.李大妈做早餐，洗碗要1分钟，洗米要2分钟，洗菜要3分钟，炒菜要5分钟，下楼买包子、馒头要10分钟，烧稀饭要20分钟(用全自动电饭煲)。李大妈怎样安排才能使全家人尽快吃上早饭？(写出过程)至少需要多少分钟?

(祝贺你全部做完了，认真检查一遍，成功是属于你的!)

3.人教版高二英语期末必考知识点 篇三

1 have a good taste 有品位

have a taste for喜欢(=be fond of )( 区别：have a preference for偏爱)

2 a piece of furniture/equipment/information/news/advice…n(u.)

3 by design/on purpose:intentionally/deliberately 故意地

4 prefer to do/doing 更喜欢做… eg,I prefer to live/living in a modern flat.

prefer n./doing to n./doing喜欢…而不喜欢…=prefer to do rather than do宁愿…而不愿…

eg,I prefer playing outdoors to watching TV.

=I prefer to play outdoors rather than watch TV.

I would prefer it if….我愿意，我希望…

eg,I would prefer it if you didn’t smoke in front of children.我希望你不要在孩子们面前抽烟。

联想：I would appreciate it if…..如果…，我将不胜感激

eg,I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down.

I hate/don’t like it when…我不喜欢…eg,I hate it when people ask me for money.

5 would rather do=prefer to do/doing would rather(that) sb did/had done…(虚拟)

eg,I would rather you told me right now.我希望你现在就告诉我。

I’d rather I hadn’t met him yesterday.我宁愿昨天没见过他。

6 can’t stand…无法忍受 eg,I can’t stand his rudeness.我无法忍受他的无礼。

eg, I can’t stand to see/seeing such a tragic sight.我不忍看到这副悲惨的景象。

stand the test of time/money 经受住时间，金钱的考验

7 go against 违背，反对 be against反对 / be for/be in favor of赞成

8 be equal to 与相等;胜任，应付 eg,I’m sure that she is quite equal to the task.

9(sth/sb)impress sb 给某人留下印象

eg,The movie impressed a lot of people. 这部电影给很多人留下印象。

She impressed me as a woman of great kindness.在我印象中，她是一位非常仁慈的女性。

be impressed with/by eg,I was deeply impressed by/with his speech.

leave/make a(deep)impression on sb eg,His speech left a deep impression on me.

10 act as 扮演，充当 act out表演出来

act on (sb’s)advice/suggestion/orders 依照某人的意见，命令办事

11 be the first/second….to do…eg,Who was the first to use e-mail?

12 despite the fact that….尽管，虽然(注意区别despite sth=in spite of sth)

13 inspire sb to do 激励某人做 feel/get inspired 受到激励;获得灵感

14 be filled(up)with=be full of 填充，充满

15 It’s convenient for sb to do…(对某人而言)做…方便

eg,When is it convenient for you to meet me?你什么时候方便见我?

(When are you convenient to meet me?×)

16 A is to B what C is to D A对于B 正如C 对于D eg,Water is to fish what air is to man.

17 inform sb of sth 告知某人某事 keep sb informed of sth

18 put up(a picture,tent) 张贴，搭建

19 succeed in doing=manage to do(反义：fail to do)成功地做到

20 pull/tear/knock down 拆毁(建筑物)

21 be decorated with 用…装饰

22 set aside 留出，拨出(钱，时间)(save or keep );把置于一边，不顾(ignore).

eg,You should set aside at least one hour to memorise words.每天抽出至少一小时记单词。

I’ve set aside some money for the journey.我为那趟旅行留了(存了)些钱。

You both should set aside personal feelings 你们双方应该抛开个人感情。

对比：put aside 搁置一旁，停下;(时间，钱)留存起来

eg,Put aside your work and have some fun.

She put aside some money for further studies.

put away 收拾起来;把钱留存起来 eg, Put your toys away.

He had put away lots of money.=set aside=put aside

23 in the neighbourhood在附近地区

二 重点句子

1 Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture.

2 When you look around at buidings,streets,squares and parks,you will find them designed,planned and built in different styles.

3 Both in the choice of materials and shapes of buildings, ancient architectue stands much closer to nature.

4 Looking at the architecture by Gaudi is like a dream,full of fantastic colours and shapes.

5 Despite the fact that he used traditional materials, Guadi was a modern architect.

6 F.L.W,who built an art museum in New York,found himself inspired(激发灵感) by Japanese seashells.

7 Seen from the top,it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.

8 A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.

9 I want you to keep me informed of how things are going with you.

10 These buildings are pulled down after having stood (=having been left) empty without use for many years.

11 Old factory buidings have many halls and workshops of different sizes.

三 语法：过去分词作宾补

例如，1 She heard her name called. 2 I’ve got the paper typed.

3 How do you like the dish cooked? 4 I had my leg broken.

Unit 4 A garden of poems

一 重点短语

1 call up唤起，回忆起;打电话 call on sb/sp拜访某人，某地

call on sb to do号召，要求某人做 call for需要 call off 取消

2 stand for代表 stand for/against支持，维护;反对

eg,Which principle do you stand for?你支持那个原则?

stand out突出，引人注目 stand by 袖手旁观;支持，拥护(某人)

eg,I’ll stand by you whatever happens. stand on one’s own feet/legs独立，自力更生

3 in the absence of sb/sth 某人不在的时候;因为缺乏…(=for lack of )

4 light up 点燃，照亮 eg, A flare lit up the night sky.火焰照亮了夜空。

Suddenly a smile lit up her face.她的脸上忽然绽放出笑容。

(sb’s face or eyes)light up(vi.) (脸上或眼中)流露出喜悦，兴奋

eg,His face lit up with joy. 他的脸上流露出欣喜之色。

5 lead to(=contribute to=give rise to =bring about)导致，促成

6 come into being形成，产生eg,Modern English came into being in the 16th century.

更多：come into+n.表进入某种状态

come into action开始行动 come into effect开始生效 come into office就职

come into /to power当权 come into force开始实施 come into use开始使用

come into fashion开始流行 come into blossom开花…

对比：come about 发生，产生eg,Tell me how the accident came about.

How did it come about that…?事情是怎样发生的?

eg,How did it come about that he dropped out of school?他为什么要辍学?

How come…?(美口语)为何会?eg,How come he dropped out of school?

How is it that…..?什么原因使得…?eg,How is it that he dropped out of school?

7 send for help去请某人帮忙

8 get through 通过，完成，度过，用完

9 in the shade 在阴凉处 pull down the window shade拉下窗帘，百叶窗(blind)

put sb/sth in the shade (idm习语)使相形失色，逊色

eg,I thought I was quite a good artist,but your painting puts mine in the shade.

我原以为自己画的不错，可比起你的画儿来未免相形见绌。

10 by the light of a candle借助烛光

11 recommend sth to sb 把…推荐给某人 recommend sb for sth推荐某人(职位，工作)

recommend doing /that…should do建议做 It’s strongly recommended that…强烈建议

12 look up words in the dictionary查字典 refer to/consult a dictionary

二 重点句子

1 Poems by Du Fu,Li Bai and Wang Wei stand out among others in the halls of glory.

2 Despite its long history,there is a lot of good English poetry around.

3 Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic Poets.(倒装句：表语提前)

(联想：Gone are the days when teachers were looked down upon.)

4 Now matter how well(=However well) a poem is translated, sth of the spirit of the original work is lost.

5 Quietly,we embrace in a world lit up by words

6 In the absence of the teacher, Fang Lan will be in charge..

7 Reading poems takes a bit of work,but it is well worth the effort.

三 语法：过去分词作状语

例如：1 Once it was translated into Chinese,the book became very popular in China.

=Once translated into Chinese,…

2 If we were given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.

=If givern more time,…

3 Although he was left alone at home,Sam didn’t feel afraid at all.

4.高二英语会考必考知识点 篇四

情态动词

定义:

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。

情态动词后面加动词原形。

分类：

情态动词有四类：

①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to

②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare

③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)

④具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to

位置:

情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。

特点：

情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。

基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想。

除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：

1) 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式。

2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一。

3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式。

4) 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词。

5) 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间。

6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用。

用法

首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写，读，跑)，而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能，也许，敢)。

用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。

情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:

5.人教版高二语文知识点 篇五

神妙莫测：神奇巧妙达到难以猜测的程度。

云蒸霞蔚：形容景物灿烂绚丽。

荒诞不经：极不真实，极不近情理。

茕茕孑立：形容孤孤单单，无依无靠。

通衢大道：四通八达的道路，大道。

命运多舛：指平生的遭遇、经历不顺。

养尊处优：生活在优裕的环境中(多含贬义)。

蕴藏：蓄积而未显露或未发掘。

瘠薄：(土地)缺少植物生长所需要的养分、水分，不肥沃。

缱绻：形容情投意合，难舍难分;缠绵。

天籁：自然界的声音，如风声、鸟声、流水声等。

迷惘：由于分辨不清而困惑，不知怎么办。

蹂躏：践踏，比喻用暴力欺压、侮辱、侵害。

取缔：明令取消或禁止。

滞笨：迟缓笨拙的样子。

烙印：比喻不易磨灭的痕迹。

媲美：美(好)的程度差不多;比美。

钳制：用强力限制，使不能自由行动。

攻讦：(因利害冲突)揭发并攻击他人的过失或隐私。

应运而生：原指顺应天命而降生，后泛指随着某种形式而产生。

事过境迁：事情已经过去，客观环境也改变了。

与时俱进：随着时代的发展而不断发展、前进。

抱残守缺：形容保守，不知改进。

明日黄花：比喻过时或无意义的事物。

昙花一现：原来比喻事物难得出现，现在用来比喻某些事物或人一出现就很快消逝。

6.高二历史知识点总结（人教版） 篇六

1、列举荷兰、英国野蛮掠夺殖民地和建立海外商品市场的史实，认识殖民扩张与掠夺是资本主义列强建立世界市场的主要途径。

(1)上马车夫——荷兰：

背景：优越的地理环境和经商传统、资本主义工商业发达，是欧洲资本主义萌芽最早的地区之一、政治上摆脱了西班牙的统治获得独立。

地区基本情况

亚洲在印度建立殖民据点、夺得马六甲和锡兰，侵入印尼一带，一度占据中国台湾

非洲从葡萄牙手中夺得好望角殖民地

北美建立新尼德兰殖民地

(2)“日不落帝国”——英国

战争结果

1588年。英国打败西班牙“无敌舰队”西班牙失败，西丧失海上实力的丧失和英国开始确立海上霸权

三次英荷战争英国夺取荷兰在北美的新尼德兰殖民地，荷兰失去了海上殖民霸权由英国颁布的《航海条例》引起英法七年战争英国夺取了大片法国的殖民地，最终确立了世界殖民霸权

7.人教版 高二第三单元知识点 篇七

P17-18

1. be free to design… 自由设计……

2. dream house 梦想屋

3. share your ideas with… 与……分享你的

4. visit a shop 逛商店

5. prefer one thing to another 喜欢一件事胜过另一件事

6. a traditional house 传统住宅

7. It is also convenient to live

close to your work. 住在离工作场所近的地方很方便。

8. all the same = just the same 都一样，无所谓;仍然，还是

9. personal style 个性化

P19-20

1. in one’s opinion 在某人看来

2. look at 看;关注，考虑,看待,观察

3. living environment 生存环境

4. Every great culture in the past had its 以往历史上的每一种伟大的文化，都

own ideas of beauty expressed in art 有用建筑和艺术来表达自己审美观念

and in art and architecture. 的做法。

5. ideas of beauty 审美观念

6. in art and architecture 用艺术和建筑

7. in different styles 以不同的风格

8. go against 违背，违反

9. people’s feeling of beauty 人们的审美情趣

10. To many people modern architecture

equals progress. 在许多人看来，现代建筑就等于进步。

11. developing countries 发展中国家

12. act as 充当，扮演

13. You don’t feel invited to enter the buildings. 你并不想走进这些建筑物。

14. the Temple of Heaven 天坛

15. stand much closer to nature 更接近大自然

16. in fact 事实上

17. fill up…with… 用……装满;用……填满

18. be full of 充满

19. refer to 提到，谈到;查阅，参考;指的是

20. scan the text 浏览课文

P21-22

1. make use of 利用

2. Water is to fish what air is to men. 水之于鱼就如空气之于人。

3. succeed in doing… 成功做了……

P23-24

1. pull down 拆毁

2. decorate…with 用……装饰……

3. remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事

4. remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事

5. set…aside 把……放在一边

6. stand empty 保持空空的情形 / 状态

7. far from the city 远离城市

8. turn into 变成

9. the advantages and disadvantages 优缺点

P95-96

1. differences between Chinese and Western architecture 中西方建筑方面的差异

2. similarities between Chinese and Western architecture 中西方建筑方面的相似

3. valuable art objects 珍贵的艺术品

4. cultural exchange 文化交流

5. play one of the roles 扮演其中的一个角色

6. discuss the issue 讨论这个问题

7. reach an agreement 达成共识;达成一致

8. be acceptable to all 为大家所接受

P99-100

1. on display 陈列;展览

2. classical art 古典艺术

3. be open to the public 对公众开放

4. have a history of ages 具有悠久的历史

5. in the case of architecture 就建筑来说;至于建筑

6. serve the purpose 为目的服务

7. place art works in parks 在公园里摆放艺术品

8. at first glance 第一眼就……

9. enrich real life 丰富真实的生活

10. instruct the audience 教育观众

11. set goals for oneself 为自己设定目标

12. present different ideas 提出不同的观点

13. project developer 项目开发者(商)

补充：

1. prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)什么胜过(做)什么

2. preferred to do… rather than do… 宁愿做……也不愿做……

3. have a preference for sth. 偏爱某物

4. have a preference of sth. to / over another 喜爱某物甚于喜爱另一物

5. give preference to 给……优先权

6. in preference to 优先于……

7. take examples from 借鉴、仿效

8. take sth /sb for example 拿某人/物为例

9. fill up sth. with sth.

fill sth. up with sth. 用……填满……

10. impress sth. on sb. / impress sb. with sth. 使某人铭记某事

11. make a (good) impression on sb. 给某人留下(好)印象

12, inspire + sb. + to sth. / to do 激励某人做

13. inspire + sth. + in sb. = inspire + sb. + with + sth. 激起某人的……

14. Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气之于人就如同水之于鱼一样。

8.人教版高二英语期末必考知识点 篇八

1.作者简介

关汉卿，号已斋叟，大都(今北京市)人，伟大的戏剧家，元杂剧的奠基人，约生于13世纪初，卒于十三世纪末。在元朝贵族暴力统治下，他不乐仕进，有坚强不屈的反抗性格。他在《南吕一枝花》(散套)中说：我是个蒸不烂、煮不熟、捶不扁、炒不爆、响当当一粒铜豌豆。我也会围棋，会蹴鞠，会打围，会插科，会歌舞，会吹弹，会燕作，会吟诗，会双陆。你便是落了我牙，歪了我嘴，瘸了我腿，折了我手，天赐与我这几般儿歹症候，尚兀自不肯休!则除是阎王亲自唤，神鬼自来勾，三魂归地府，七魄丧冥幽，天哪!那其间才不向烟花路儿上走!关汉卿长期接触社会底层，对人民的疾苦，有深切的了解和同情，故其杂剧多能揭露政治思想，反映人民苦难。他所作杂剧多达60余种，为诸家之冠。现存其杂剧14种中，以《窦娥冤》、《救风尘》、《单刀会》为最著名。他的剧作曲词质朴，精炼，情节生动而富于戏剧性，人物形象鲜明。

2.关于《窦娥冤》

《窦娥冤》是关汉卿的代表作，也是元杂剧中悲剧的典范。全名《感天动地窦娥冤》，共四折。课文节选的是第三折。写窦娥被押赴刑场惨遭杀害，是全剧之高潮。

全剧主要情节是：窦娥因其父窦天章无力偿还高利贷而被典押给蔡婆做童养媳，不幸婚后不久做了寡妇。恶棍张驴儿为霸占窦娥，企图用药毒死蔡婆，不料弄巧成拙，误毒了自己的父亲。州官接受了张驴儿的贿赂，竟诬窦娥以杀人之罪，判处斩决。窦娥临刑发三桩誓愿，后皆应验。三年后窦天章任高官，复审此案，得以昭雪。

3.元曲四大家

元杂剧繁荣的过程中，出现了众多的作家和作品，而代表了元代不同时期不同流派杂剧创作的成就、为历史公认的四位剧作家被称为元曲四大家，他们是关汉卿、白朴、马致远、郑光祖。白朴的代表作是《梧桐雨》，写李隆基和杨贵妃的爱情故事。马致远的代表作是《汉宫秋》，写昭君出塞的故事，郑光祖是元杂剧后期的重要作家，他的代表作是《倩女离魂》。

4.元杂剧知识

元代杂剧是在前代戏曲艺术宋杂剧和金院本的基础上发展起来的一种戏剧样式。

在结构上，一本杂剧通常由四折组成。一折相当于现代剧的一幕或一场，是故事情节发展的一个较大的自然段落，四折一般分别是故事的开端、发展、高潮和结局。四折之外可以加一二个楔子。楔子一般放在第一折之前，介绍剧情，类似现代剧中的序幕;也有的放在两折之间，相当于后来的过场戏。但也有少数杂剧突破了一本四折的形式，如《西厢记》是五本二十一折的连本戏。

在音乐上，杂剧的每折限用同一宫调的曲牌组成的一套曲子。宫调，即调式，相当于现代音乐的C调D调等。曲牌，是曲调的名称，每个曲牌都属于一定的宫调。剧本中每套曲子的第一支曲子前面都标明宫调。如《窦娥冤》第三折第一支曲子标示的[正宫][端正好]，表示这一折自[端正好]以下各曲均属[正宫]。

杂剧角色分为末、旦、净三大类。每类又可分为外末、副末、冲末、大末、小末;正旦、外旦、贴旦、老旦、花旦;副净、二净等。其中正末为男主角，正旦为女主角。此外，还有以剧中人职务身份为名的杂角，如驾(皇帝)、孤(官员)、卜儿(老年妇女)、孛老(老年男子)、洁郎(和尚)等。

杂剧的舞台演出由唱白科三部分组成。一剧四折通常由主角一人唱到底，其他角色有白无唱，正末主唱的称末本，正旦主唱的称旦本。剧本中的唱词，即曲词，是按照曲牌规定的字数、句法、平仄、韵脚填写的，也可以在曲牌的规定之外，适当加入衬字或增句。每折的曲子必须一韵到底，不能换韵。白，即宾白，是剧中人的说白，因唱为主，白为宾，故曰宾白。有散白、韵白，又分对白、独白、旁白等。剧本还规定了主要动作、表情和舞台效果，叫作科范，简称科，如再跪科鼓三通、锣三下科。

9.人教版高二英语期末必考知识点 篇九

教 学 目 标 1. Train the Ss’ listening ability by doing some listening.

2. Master the expression for agreement and disagreement.

3. Get the Ss to learn about the UK and Ireland.

教学重、难点 Master the expressions for agreement and disagreement.

Improve the students’ listening ability.

教、 学 具 A tape-recorder, a projector and some slides

预习要 求 Search as much information as possible about the UK and Ireland

教 师 活 动 内 容、方 式 学 生 活 动 内 容、方 式 旁 注

Step1: Greeting

Step2: Warming-up

1.Show the Ss a world map and ask the following questions:

a. Where is Europe?

b. Where is the British Isles?

c. What do you know about the British Isles?

2.Ask the Ss to look at the four pictures and guess where they were taken.

3. Work in groups having a discussion and try to find out as much as you can about the geography, history, culture, famous people, building and other things in the UK.

Step3: Listening

1.Get the Ss to discuss the following questions:

a. What subject do you learn at school?

b. What is your timetable like?

c. How do you learn English?

2.Make the Ss read the requirements to know what they should do .

4. Play the tape for the first time to get the general idea, then play the tape three times for the Ss to do exercises 1,2 and 3.Replay some parts of the tape if necessary

5. Check the answers with the whole class.

Step 4: Speaking

1. Get the Ss to answer the following questions:

a. Is English easy for Chinese people to learn? Or is Chinese easy for English people to learn?

b. Do you agree that we can learn the geography of the UK more easily by going there?

c. Which countries have better chances to become rich, small countries, big countries or island countries?

2. Make the Ss have a discussion about the three statements in the books in three groups. For each group, talk about one and make up a dialogue to express themselves.

Useful expressions:

Don’t you think that …?

I don’t think that’s right …

I don’t think so.

You must be mistaken …

Step 5: Summary and Homework

Summarize the knowledge learnt in this period. Then ask the Ss to do vocabulary exercises in the workbooks.

Ss answer the questions

Look at the pictures

Discuss and answer

Listen to the tape

Listen to the tape and do exercises

Answer the questions

Discuss

Discuss about the three statements. For each group, talk about one and make up a dialogue.

Finish vocabulary exercises in the workbooks.

课 题 SEFCB2 Unit 5 课 时 6-2 授 课 时 间 2004.

教 学 目 标 1. Get the Ss to know about the British Isles.

2. Develop the Ss’ reading ability by reading a passage “The British Isles”

教学重、难点 Train the students’ reading ability and develop their reading skill

How to help the Ss to grasp the main idea of the text

教、 学 具 A tape-recorder, a projector and some slides

预习要 求 Scan the illustrations and the contents above them

教 师 活 动 内 容、方 式 学 生 活 动 内 容、方 式 旁 注

Step1: Greeting and Revision

Ask the questions about the British Isles:

What do you know about the United Kingdom?

How many countries make up the British Isles?

What do you know about Ireland?

Step2: Pre-reading

1. Show the Ss a map of the British Isles on the Bb. Ask the Ss to speak out the names of some places on the map.

2. Make the Ss answer the following questions according to the map

a. What is the British Isles made up of?

b. Where is the British Isles?

c. Which is the largest island?

Step3: Fast-reading

Now read the text as fast as possible and try to decide whether the following statements are true or not.

⒈ The British Isles is made of 3 parts.

⒉ The British Isles lies off the west of Europe.

⒊ The English Channel is only 20 miles wide.

⒋ The British Isles is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the British Isles.

⒌ There’s much rain in the British Isles.

⒍ Ireland is part of the United Kingdom.

⒎ There’s 6 languages that are considered to be native to the British Isles.

Step4:Careful- reading

1. Read the passage carefully to find out some details to fill in the chart.

Answer the questions

Look at the map and name the places on the map

Ss read the text as fast as possible and try to decide whether the following statements are true or not.

Scan the text to judge

Check answers with the whole class.

Items Details

Location

Climate

Culture

History

Language

2. Read the text carefully and try to sum up the main idea of each paragraph.

Para 1 General idea about England.

Para 2 Position of the British Isles.

Para 3 The climate of the British Isles.

Para 4 The culture of the people in the British Isles.

Para 5 The language spoken in Great Britain and Ireland.

Para 6 The history of the United Kingdom.

Para 7 The language spoken throughout the British Isles.

Step5: Post-reading

1. Listen to the tape to do exercise1 and check the answers.

2. Get them to finish exercises 2, 3 and 4

and check the answers.

Step6: Summary and Homework

Do reading comprehension in workbooks.

Bb design:

Read the ext carefully to fill in the chart

Read the passage to get the main idea

Listen to the tape to finish excises

Finish Wb exercises.

课 题 SEFCB2 Unit 5 课 时 6-3 授 课 时 间 2004.

教 学 目 标 1. Deepen the Ss’ understanding of the passage

2. Get the Ss to master some important words and expressions

3. Enable the Ss to use the words and expressions correctly

教学重、难点 The usages of some important words and expressions.

How to help the Ss to master them.

教、 学 具 A projector and some slides

预习要 求 Go through the text to find out some difficult sentences

教 师 活 动 内 容、方 式 学 生 活 动 内 容、方 式 旁 注

Step1: Greeting and Revision

Ask some Ss to spell some new words and expressions learnt in the last period.

Step2: Language points

1.The idea that England stands for Fish & Chips, Speakers’ corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.

⑴that引导的是一个同位语从句，用于说明idea的内容 。同位语从句常用于说明idea, news, hope, wish, fact, suggestion等抽象名词的具体内容，连词that 没有词义，不充当句子成份，但不可省略 。

⑵stand for

a. 代表，象征，意味着

b.赞同，支持，主张

e.g What principles do you stand for?⒉ …their view of British culture is sometimes narrow.

narrow 狭窄的，狭隘的，险胜的

⒊ The fact that the mainland of Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.

⑴ be made up of =consist of 由…组成

⑵ be unknown to sb.不为人所知道

⒋ …there has been a growing movement to make the most of its cultural diversity-to see it as it really is, a nation of different countries held together by a common language and culture.

⑴make the most of充分利用，也可以说make the best of

⑵ diversity 多种多样，多样性

Mary has a great diversity of hobbies such as stamp collecting, traveling.

⑶as it is 以现在的样子，根据下面的情况看

⑷ hold together 使不分开或团结一致

⒌ The largest island is called Britain, which is separated from France by the English Channel, which at one point is only 20 miles wide.

⑴separate A from B 把A与B分隔开，指:把放在一起的或连在一快的分开

e.g. A year is divided into twelve months.

⑵at one point在某一地点；一度

⒍ In general, Scotland is colder throughout the year, and receives more rain.

⑴ in general总的说来，大体上，通常

e.g. In general, people like her.

⑵ throughout the year 整年，一年到头throughout 贯穿，介词

e.g. He worked hard throughout the year to support his family.

⑶ receive 动词，收到，接到

⒎ In the summer months the difference in temperature between London and north can be as much as nine degree.

英语中在表示数量的词语前习惯上加as much as ,as many as等来加强语气。as much as用与表示 “雨（水）量”，时间 ，金钱，重量，钱数，价格等方面。表示 “总量”和“单位量”的大小，as many as用于人或者物的具体数量前，as much as从总的角度出发，侧重于“总量”，as many as从个体出发，侧重于具体数目。

as far as 远到；尽…程度

e.g. They walked as far as the seaside.

Don’t worry. I’ll help you as far as I can.

as long as 长达；只要

She spends as long as three hours on English study every day.

⒏ The culture of the people in the British Isles was influenced by the culture of the people on the European mainland.

influence 指不易察觉到的，潜移默化的影响

affect表示使“变化，对…产生不良影响”，着重“影响”动作。

influence 影响力，支配力

⒐ ……Their languages formed the basis for English.

⑴ form the basis for 构成/形成…的基础

⑵ 为…⑶打下基础，lay foundations for

e.g. Four –year college life laid solid basis for his further improvement.

⑶provide a basis for 为…⑶提供依据

e.g. The result provided a sound basis for further research.

⒑ The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.

end up with以…结束，通常是 最后接受某东西，其意思为receive sth. in the end

⒒ …but it was not only 250 years later that they formed a single state.

是一个强调句，有原句They didn’t formed a single state until 250 years later变化而来，此类句子需强调状语until时候，应将否定句not… 与状语until…一起作为强调部分，构成it was not until… that …的巨型

⒓…While the southern part of England was only part of the UK for some time…

⒔ There are six spoken languages that are considered to be native to the British Isles as well as two local accents.

⑴ be considered to be （consider sth/sb.to be+形容词或名词）的被动式，

⑵ be native to本土的，本国的，土生的

e.g. Panda is native to China.

⒂ They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.

Be of great value=be very valuable非常有价值的，可用于此类型的词有：use ,help, importance, help etc.

E.g. We consider their works of be of great value.

The invention is of great value. =The invention is very useful.

be+of+n=be+adj

Step3: Summary and Homework

Do some exercises on the screen.

Revising some words and expressions

Write notes and make sentences

The news that team has won the game is exciting.

WTO stands for World Health Organization.

A narrow river/street a narrow idea about relics a narrow escape(九死一生)

The group is made up of five members. = The group consists of five members.

The cause of the delay is still unknown to us.

He wished to make the most of his chance.

a wide diversity of opinions看法上的众说纷纭

Give as many as examples

I’ll send it to you as it is, (我就照现在的样子卖给你，) but don’t complain, if it doesn’t work.

The needs of the children held their marriage together.

She separated the good apples from the bad ones.

divide …into 指把整体分成部分

A traffic accident happened at one point yesterday.

At one point, he was very weak.

The rain is plentiful, often as much as seventy inches every year.

At the job, she could earn as many as eighty dollars every week.

The civil war in that country lasted as much as eighty 16 years.

We must learn as many as 300 English words.

The kind of English built as many as 50 pyramids.

Probably we influenced each other.

Parents have a great influence on Children.

This idea formed the basis for Theory of Relativity.

We ended the supper up with fruit and coffee.

It was not until 1969 that man set his first step on the moon.

原句：Man didn’t set his first step on the moon until 1969.

We considered this (to be) very important.

Write down notes and make some examples

Look at the examples

The party was ended up with a pop song.

He is considered to be the best student.

The machine is of use.= The machine is useful.

课 题 SEFCB2 Unit 9

Grammar 课 时 6-4 授 课 时 间 2004.

教 学 目 标 Make the Ss know more about some words learn in this period

Enable the Ss to master noun as the Subject, the Object, the Predicative

教学重、难点 Master the usages of the noun clauses

How to master the differences between the Appositive clause and the Attrib Master the usages of the noun clause

教、 学 具 A projector and some slides

预习要 求 Find out the noun clauses as many as possible in the text

教 师 活 动 内 容、方 式 学 生 活 动 内 容、方 式 旁 注

Step1: Greeting and Revision

Revise the uses of some words and expressions learnt in the last period by doing some excises on the screen.（略）

Step2: Word Study

1.Look at the words in the box and try to think of their meanings. Then complete the sentences with the proper words.

2.Check the answers with the whole class and ask the Ss to translate into Chinese.

Keys: union, Republic, upper, consists, mistaken, narrow, influence, basis.

Step3: Grammar

1.Ask the Ss to look at the sentences on the screen.

a. That they carry their conversation

in French is suggested. (Subject Clause)

b. He made a suggestion that they carry on their conversation in French

(Appositive Clause)

c. His suggestion was that they carry on their conversation in French. (Predicate Clause)

d. This is the suggestion that he made last week. (Attributive Clause)

名词性从句介绍

名词性从句包括：主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，多由连词that, wh-疑问词或由what, whatever等关系代词引导。

⒈ 主语从句

⑴ 主语从句在句子中充当主语

E.g. Why he refused to work with you is still a mystery.

Whatever comes is welcome.

⑵ 主语从句前的that不能省略，仅仅起连接作用，有时候为保持句子平衡，that从句后置，而由it作形式主语。

E.g. That he became a lawyer may have been due to his mother’s influence.

It is not true that he has moved to New York.

⒉ 宾语从句在句子中充当宾语

E.g. I don’t know where the sound came from.

Don’t be satisfied with what you have achieved.

⒊ 当从句放在系动词be, look, remain, seem等后构成表语从句。

E.g. The trouble is that I have lost his address.

It seemed that the night would never end.

⒋ 同位语从句

⑴同位语从句是对与之同位的名词中心词作进一步解释，能接同位语从句的常见名词有: idea, news, fact, problem, belief, opinion, hope, understanding…

⒌ whether与if 在名词性从句中的用法区别

if 一般 指用于引导从句，而whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词性从句。

⑴连词whether引导主语从句，表语从句时不能用if来替换。

⑵宾语从句中，whether常与or not搭配，也可以说 whether or not, 而不说if or not.

E.g. I don’t care whether or not she will attend the meeting.

⑶whether也可用在介词 后，或带to 不定式前，if or not.

E.g. She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.

I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.

⑷ 某些动词后面（如discuss）只能用whether, 不用if .

E.g. We discussed whether we should go on climbing.

在句子中做主语的从句叫主语从句，是一种 重要的名词性从句。

⒈由what等连词引导的从句

⒉ 由that 引导的主语从句

⒊ 由whether, if等引导的主语从句,句

首用Whether

⒋ 由whoever. whatever等引导的主语从句

whoever=the person who或anyone who. who 也可以引导主语从句，但只能表示“谁”

Anyone 与the person皆不能引导从句。

⒌ 由it 作形式主语引起的主语 从句

that从句做主语时候，常用it做形式主语，而把that引导的主语从句放到句子后。在下列情况下使用形式主语it，将主语从句放在句尾。

⑴位于是seem，appear，be（im）possible，be a pity，be a wonder，be likely等。

E.g. It seemed certain that this would win the prize.

It appeared that he was right.

⑵在It is known…; It is said…;It is hoped…; It is believed…等句型中。

注意：有时候在“It is necessary(important. suggested等)＋that clause”结构中, that从句常用“should+动词原形” 形式来表示虚拟语气, 其中should常可省去.

Step4: Practice

Ask the Ss to do grammar exercises in the Ss’ book or workbooks. Then check the answers with the whole class.

Step5: Summary and Homework Ss do excises on the screen and check the answers.

Ss fill in the blanks

Do some translation

Ss speak out the usages of the that clauses

Ss think of the usages

The fact that we talked about is very important.(定语从句)

The fact that he succeed in the experiment pleased everybody. (同位语从句)

Whether he will attend the meeting is uncertain.

The question is whether he will come.

Ss make some examples

What you have done might do harm to other people.

It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.

That you don’t like him is none of my business.

Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

Who will win is not important.

Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.

It doesn’t matter what you say.

E.g. is necessary that a college student should master at least a foreign language.

课 题 SEFCB2 Unit 5 课 时 6-5 授 课 时 间 2004.

教 学 目 标 ⒈ Enable the Ss to learn how to describe a place in its landscape, culture, relics, the people, their life, economy and etc.

⒉ More practice at Noun Clauses.

教学重、难点 Improve the Ss’ integrating skills-reading and writing

How to train the Ss’ writing skill

教、 学 具 A tape recorder and some slides

预习要 求 Scan the text and search more information about England

教 师 活 动 内 容、方 式 学 生 活 动 内 容、方 式 旁 注

Step1: Greeting and Revision

Ask the Ss to open their books to page 40 and look at the exercise in Checkpoint5.Make them complete the sentences by using the noun clauses. ( after a while)Check the answers with the class.

Step2: Reading

Get the students to read the passage quickly and ask some questions about it.

⒈ What can be seen across the fields of Salisbury?

Sheep can be seen everywhere.

⒉ What’s the cathedral famous for?

The cathedral is famous for the height of its tower. It’s 404 feet high. Daniel thinks the tower is the highest and the most handsome in England.

⒊ How many important kinds of produce and trade are there in the city of Salisbury? What are they?

There’re two important kinds of produce and trade in Salisbury. They’re making cloth and sheets called Salisbury whites.

⒋ How about the hills and fields there?

The hill and fields are most beautiful with many small and clear rivers and rich fields bearing fruit and grain.

⒌ Say something about the hills of Salisbury(The last paragraph)

Step3: Retelling

Get the students to read the text once again and have them retell the text.

Step4: Language points

⒈ …the great number of them is very wonderful.

The number of +复数名词(谓语动词用单数) a number of + 复数名词(谓语动词用复数)

E.g. A number of students were studying in the reading-room.

⒉ All around the city of Salisbury, as far as twenty-two miles to the west, and six miles south, down to the coast, farmers raise sheep.(此句子中farmers raise sheep是句子的主干,前面均是表示方位, 距离的短语做状语. 其中south前面省略to the .由于coast是地势较低处,所以用down to the coast.

⒊ There could be as many as six hundred thousand sheep fed within six miles of Salisbury, measuring every way round and the town in the centre.

⑴句中fed within six miles of Salisbury是一个过去分词短语修饰sheep，measuring…是一个V-ing短语，修饰six miles of Salisbury。

⒋ The cathedral is famous for the height of its tower, which is without doubt the highest and the most handsome in England, being from the ground 410 feet.

⑴without doubt=certainly无疑地；确定地

e.g. Without doubt, our team will win the game.

⑵ being from the ground 404 feet在此句中做状语，用语说明tower的高度。

⒌ Neither of them is very big, but they become a larger river when joined together, and yet larger when joined by a third river.

⑴ a third river又一条河流，不定冠词a 用在序数词之前，表示“再一次， 又一”。

E .g. You can have a second try if you fail the first time.

⑵Neither of the books is interesting.(这2本书都没意思。)表示“两者都”，用both of＋复数名词，表复数概念。

E.g. Both of you have to go there.

⒍ …, which employ the poor of a great part of the country round-namely, making cloth and sheets,

namely 副词，即，就是，用以补充或具体说明前面已提到的事物

e.g. Two boys are late for school today-namely, Tom and Jim.

⒎ …with many small and clear rivers, and rich fields bearing fruit and grain.

⑴bearing fruit and grain做宾语补足语，bear“结果实”，产生，长出

e.g. The tree is bearing a lot of apples this year.

⑵ with +宾语＋v-ing，在此做状语。

E.g. With you standing here, we can’t work.

⒏ …, village and houses, and among them(指代houses) many（后省略了are） of good size.

Of good size= have good size

E.g. The cellphone is of great high quality.

=The cellphone has high quality.

Step6: Writing

Ask the Ss to look at the main ideas in the boxes and try to write a composition to describe their hometowns. The teacher can show them a simple composition on the screen.

Step7: Summary and Homework

Make the Ss speak out the way of writing a descriptive composition. Ask them to write a composition after class.

Ss do the excises in Checkpoint5 and check the answer

Ss read the passage to answer the questions

Retell the passage

Find out some difficult sentences

Make some sentences according to the usages.

Make notes and listen

Try to write down some key words

Ss speak out the way of writing a descriptive composition，then write one composition.

课 题 SEFCB2 Unit 5 课 时 6-6 授 课 时 间 2004.

教 学 目 标 1. Get the Ss to master some important language points in Unit5.

2. Help the Ss to learn the way of dealing with problems.

3. Improve the Ss’ reading and writing ability.

教学重、难点 The important language in Unit5

How to help the Ss master them and deal with problems easily and correctly.

教、 学 具 A projector and some slides

预习要 求 Scan the whole paper and try correcting the mistakes

教 师 活 动 内 容、方 式 学 生 活 动 内 容、方 式 旁 注

Step1: Greeting and Analysis

Analyze the whole paper and praise some Ss. At the same time, encourage some Ss who failed to pass the exam.

Step2: Single choice

Check the answers with the whole class, then choose some difficult ones to explain to the Ss.

1. In general, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.

此句中in common即共同的与句意不符合，in total为总共，总计，而in particular为特别的，也不对。只有表示大体上一般的in general 才正确。

2. The news has spread all the country that the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth.

The news that为同位语从句，对news进一步说明解释。

3.Scoland lies to the north of England; it is part of Britain.

表示位置的词to可接壤可不接壤，不在一个范围内，on表示两地接壤或者在河岸上，off表示远离，in表示在范围内。England和Scotland不在一个范围内用to，而它是属于Britain的一部分，所以用part。而be part of表示前者是后者的一部分。

4.run over 表示从。。。上碾过或者水满溢出，the cup was full and the water in it was running over

5. ---What made her so sad?

. ---That she failed in the examination.

此句中that引导一个主语从句，that 只起连接作用，没有实际意义。而because 和 as ，since都是回答why的问题。

6. Oh, please don’t. He is now seriously ill. Just look at the state he is in.

这里state 表示状况，它现在的情况，用in。e. g in a poor state of health。健康状况不好。同时state 有国家。州。政府的意思。

6. With the approach of Christmas the weather turned colder.

在这里approach 指的是名词来临。同时它还有动词的性质，临近，靠近等。还有做事的方法，途径，入门等名词性质。

7.We saw a big black bear coming up on us from the woods.

选择come up 表示熊向我们靠近过来，come up 有靠近，走近，发生的意思。而come out表示出版，出现；come back 表示恢复的意思。故选择come up。

Step 3: Cloze Test

Ask some students to report their answers and choose some difficult ones to explain.

40. in the way she liked best.表示她最喜欢的方式，下面进行了介绍。

50. never miss it.

这里的miss表示错过。这样便宜的东西她从来不会错过。

55. being persuaded .

她担心会被劝服去买东西，persuade 表示说服去做某事。

Step4: Reading Comprehension

1. Make the Ss report the main idea of each paragraph, then ask some students to speak out their answers.

2. Choose the most difficult ones to explain.

Step5: Correcting

Ask some Ss to correct the mistakes. Then check the right answers with the whole class. Choose some difficult ones to explain.

(1) be mending be mended

(2) feet foot

(3) in such a long time after such a long time

Step6: Writing

1. Ask someone to read his or her composition before the whole class. Make others correct it.

2. Get all the Ss to write down the key words.

3. Show a sample composition on the screen and ask the Ss to read it .

Step7: Homework

Read all the items in this unit. Ss check the answers with the teacher

Ss make some sentences

Ss speak out the usages of the noun clause

Ss report their answers and try to correct the mistakes

Some one report the main idea of each paragraph

Ss find out some difficult ones

Report the answers and try to look for the right answers in the passages

Write down some key words

Check answers.

Ss correct the answers.

Check answers with the whole class.

10.人教版高二英语期末必考知识点 篇十

第一课 丰富的社会生活

1.置身社会生活的意义：

（1）会与越来越多的人打交道，对社会生活的感受越来越丰富

（2）我们会更加关注社区治理，并献计献策

（3）会更加关心国家发展,或为之自豪，或准备为之分忧。

2.个人与社会的关系：

（1）如果把每个人看成点，把人与人的关系看成线，那么，由各种关系连接成的线就织成一张“大网”。

（2）人的身份是在社会关系中确定的。

3.“人的成长是不断社会化的过程”的原因：

（1）通过父母的抚养，同伴的帮助，老师的教诲和社会的关爱等，我们逐步成为一名合格的社会成员。

（2）我们的衣食住行，学习和娱乐等都与社会的方方面面发生着千丝万缕的联系。

（3）人的生存和发展也离不开社会，每个人都从社会中获得物质支持和精神滋养。

4.养成亲社会行为的重要性：

（1）青少年处于走向社会的关键时期，我们应树立积极的生活态度，养成亲社会行为。

（2）亲社会的行为有利我们养成良好的行为习惯，塑造健康的人格，形成正确的价值观念，获得他人和社会的接纳和认可。

5.养成亲社会行为的做法：

（1）在人际交往和社会实践中养成。

（2）主动了解社会，关注社会发展变化，积极投身于社会实践

（3）遵守社会规则和习俗，热心帮助他人，想他人所想，急他人之所急。

6.参与社会生活的重要意义：

（1）参与社会的过程，既是体验社会生活的过程，也是在实践中发展和成就自已的过程。（2）我们只有主动关心社会，积极融入社会，倾力奉献社会，才能实现自已的人生价值。

第二课 网络生活新空间

1.网络的特点：

（1）网络让我们日常生活中的信息传递和交流变得方便迅捷。

（2）网络打破了传统人际交往的空间限制，促进了人际交往。

（3）网络让我们的生活变得更加便利和丰富多彩。

2.网络推动社会进步的体现：

（1）网络为经济发展注入了新的活力

（2）网络促进民主政治的进步

（3）网络为文化传播和科技创新搭建新平台。

3.网络交往的负面影响：

（1）网络信息良莠不齐

（2）沉迷于网络，影响学习，工作和生活（3）个人隐私容易被侵犯。

4.如何正确利用网络：

（1）理性参与网络生活:a.要提高媒介素养 B.要学信息节食 c.要学会辨析网络信息 d.自觉遵守道德和法律。

（2）传递网络正能量:a.要充分利用网络平台为社会发展建言献策 b.我们要在网上传递正能量。我们要践行社会主义核心价值观，让网络公共空间充满正能量。

第三课 社会生活离不开规则

1.社会秩序的重要性：

（1）社会正常运行需要秩序

（2）社会秩序是人民安居乐业的保障。

2.社会规则的含义及种类分别有哪些？

社会规则是人们为了维护有秩序的社会环境，在逐渐达成默契与共识的基础上所形成的。生活中，调节我们行为的规则有很多，如道德，纪律，法律等。

3.遵守社会规则有什么作用？

规则告诉我们应该如何安排社会生活各方面的关系，如何作为社会一员享有权利，承担责任，处理好与他人，社会的关系，从而使大家各司其职，各安其位，各尽其责，各得其所。

4.社会规则的作用：

社会规则是人们享有自由的保障。人们建立规则的目的不是限制自由，而是保证每个人不越过自由的边界，促进社会有序进行。对违反社会规则行为的处罚，既有法律，纪律等规定的强制性措施，也有道德，风俗等包含的非强制性手段。

5.社会规则与自由的关系：

社会规则划定了自由的边界。自由不是随心所欲，它受道德，纪律，法律等社会规则的约束。我国宪法规定，公民在行使自由和权利的时候，不得损害国家的，社会的，集体的利益和其他公民的合法的自由和权利。

6.如何做到自觉遵守社会规则：

（1）遵守社会规则需要他律和自律

（2）遵守社会规则，需要我们发自内心地敬畏规则，将规则作为自已行动的准绳。

7.怎样维护与改进规则：

（1）我们要坚定维护规则。一方面要从自已做起，自觉遵守规则，另一方面要在保护自身安全的基础上，提醒，监督，帮助他人遵守规则。

（2）我们要积极改进规则，为新规则的形成建言献策，使之更符合人民的利益和社会发展的要求。

第四课 社会生活讲道德

1.尊重他人的意义：

（1）尊重他人是一个人内在修养的外在表现。

（2）尊重使社会和谐融洽，是文明社会的重要特征

（3）尊重是相互的，尊重能形成互敬互爱的融洽关系。

2.如何做到尊重他人：

（1）积极关注，重视他人（2）平等对待他人（3）学会换位思考（4）学会欣赏他人

3.文明有礼的重要性的体现：

（1）文明有礼是一个人立身处世的前提（2）文明有礼促进社会和谐（3）文明有礼体现国家形象。

4.怎样做一个文明有礼的人：

（1）做文明有礼的人，要态度谦和，用语文明。（2）做文明有礼的人，要仪表整洁，举止端庄。

（3）做文明有礼的人，需要在社会生活中不断学习，观察，思考和践行。

5.诚信：是社会主义核心价值观在公民个人层面的一个价值准则，是一种道德规范和品质，是中华民族的传统 美德。诚信也是一项民法原则。

6.讲诚信有什么重要作用？

（1）诚信是一个人安身立命之本。（2）诚信是企业的无形资产。

（3）诚信促进社会文明，国家兴旺。

7.如何做一个诚信的人：

（1）树立诚信意识（2）运用诚信智慧（3）珍惜个人的诚信记录。

第五课 做守法的公民

1.什么是违法行为？违法行为主要有哪些类型？

（1）违法行为是指出于过错违反法律，法规的规定，危害社会的行为。

（2）根据违反法律的类型，违法行为分为民事违法行为，行政违法行为和刑事违法行为。

2.怎样区分一般违法行为和犯罪：

民事违法行为和行政违法行为对社会的危害相对轻微，称为一般违法行为。刑事违法行为是违法行为中最严重的一种，就是我们常说的犯罪。无论是一般违法还是犯罪，都要承担法律责任。

3.如何认识一般违法行为的危害，自觉依法规范自已的行为：

遵章守法是社会和谐的保证。我们要认识一般违法行为的危害，自觉依法规范自已的行为。在社会生活中，我们要分辨是非，增强守法观念，严格遵守治安管理的法律规定。在社会交往中，我们要依法从事民事活动，积极防范民事侵权行为和合同违约行为，既要维护自已的权益，又要尊重他人的权益，促进社会和谐发展。

4.犯罪的基本特征有哪些：

根据刑法规定，犯罪是具有严重社会危害性，触犯了刑法，应当受到刑罚处罚的行为。严重社会危害性，刑事违法性和应受刑罚处罚性是犯罪的三个基本特征。

5.什么是刑罚？

刑罚有哪两大类?刑罚又称为刑事处罚，刑事处分，是指审判机关依法对犯罪分子适用的最严厉的强制性法律制裁方法，以限制或剥夺犯罪人权益为主要内 容。根据我国刑法的规定，刑罚分为主刑和附加型两大类。

6.如何加强自我防范，预防违法犯罪：

（1）认清犯罪危害，远离犯罪（2）预防犯罪，需要我们杜绝不良行为（3）做一个自觉守法的人。

7.遇到侵害怎样依法求助？

（1）要及时寻求法律救助（2）可以通过法律服务机构来维护合法权益（3）受到非法侵害，用诉讼方式维护合法权益。

8.诉讼的特点：诉讼是处理纠纷和应对侵害最正规，最权威的手段，是维护合法权益的最后屏障。

9.青少年如何做到有勇有谋，应对犯罪：

（1）同违法犯罪作斗争，是全体公民义不容辞的责任（2）我们要善斗争，在保全自已的前提下，同违法犯罪作斗争。(3)做社会主义法治的忠实崇尚者，自觉遵守者和坚定捍卫者。

第六课 责任与角色同在

1.责任的含义及来源：

（1）含义：责任是一个人分内应该做的事情

（2）来源：责任来自对他的的承诺，职业要求，道德规范，法律规定等。

2.人因不同的社会角色而负有不同的责任：

（1）在社会生活的舞台上，每个人都扮演着不同的角色（2）每一种角色都意味着承担相应的责任。

3.对自已负责，对他人负责的重要性：

（1）作为社会的一员，我们每个人首先要对自已负责（2）很多人在为我们的成长和幸福生活承担着责任（3）我们应学会感恩，主动关心帮助和服务他人。

4.承担责任既要付出代价又往往伴随着回报：

（1）代价：因为承担责任不仅意味着付出时间，精力和时间，而且意味着可能因为做得不好而受到责备，甚至受到处罚。

（2）回报：承担责任往往伴随着获得回报的权利，如良好的自我感觉，获得新的知识和技能，赢得他人的尊重和赞许。

5.要学会作出自已的选择，承担相应的责任：

我们既然选择了自立自强的人生，就应该有勇气凭借自已的经验和智慧，对承担责任的代价和回报作出正确的评估，作出合理的选择。无论怎样，我们一旦作出选择，就应该义无反顾地担当起应负的责任。

6.为什么说我承担我无悔：

虽然有些事情不是我们自愿选择 的，但我们仍应该自觉承担相应的责任。只要我们把它们当作一种不可推卸的责任担在肩头，同样能够把事情做得很出色。这样，我们就可以自豪地说：我承担，我无悔。

7.承担责任的重要性和怎样承担责任：

（1）在我们的周围，有许许多多履行社会责任却不计代价和回报的人，有了他们，我们的生活才更加安全，更加温暖

（2）无论何时何地，我们都应该努力提升自身素质，增强履行责任的能力。

第七课 积极奉献社会

1.关爱的含义和作用：

（1）含义：关爱，就是关心爱护

（2）作用：a.关爱传递着美好情感，给人带来温暖和希望，是维系友好关系的桥梁b.关爱是社会和谐稳定的润滑剂和正能量。

2.关爱他人的意义：

关爱他人的人往往能够赢得他人的尊重，得到他人的关心和帮助，获得更多的发展机会。从一定意义上说，关爱他人就是关爱和善待自已。

3.关爱他人的做法：

（1）关爱他人，要心怀善意（2）关爱他人，要尽已所能（3）关爱他人，要讲究策略。

4.服务社会的原因:

（1）服务社会体现人生价值（2）服务社会能够促进我们全面发展

5.怎样做到服务和奉献社会：

（1）服务和奉献社会，需要我们积极参与社会公益活动（2）服务和奉献社会，需要我们热爱劳动，爱岗敬业。

第八课 国家利益至上

1.国家利益的含义：

是一个主权国家在国际社会中生存需求和发展需求的总和，关系到民族生存，国家兴亡。

2.国家生存和发展的条件：

没有国土，人口和主权，国家就不能生存。没有和平的周边环境，充分的能源供应和平等的贸易关系，国家就难以发展。

3.国家核心利益的范围：

包括国家主权，国家安全，领土完整，国家统一，宪法确立的国家政治制度和社会大局稳定，经济社会可持续发展的基本保障。

4.国家利益具有至高无上的特点：

在我们国家，国家利益反映广大人民的共同需求，是人民利益的集中表现。国家利益至上，人民利益高于一切，二者相辅相成。

5.人民利益的维护：

国家独立自主，繁荣富强，国际地位提高，人民的生活就充满希望，内心就感到自豪和骄傲。反之，如果国家利益得不到保障，人民利益就会受到损害，人民就会遭受奴役，欺凌和屈辱。

6.国家利益与人民利益的关系：

（1）国家利益与人民利益相辅相成，国家利益只有反映人民利益，依靠人民艰苦奋斗，才能得到真正的实现（2）在当代中国，国家利益与人民利益是高度统一的。

第九课 树立总体国家安全观

1.维护国家安全的意义：

（1）国家安全是实现国家利益最根本的保障，关系人民幸福，社会发展进步和中华民族伟大复兴。（2）国家安全是国家生存与发展的重要保障（3）国家安全是人民幸福安康的前提。

2.总体国家安全观的内涵：

以人民为安全为宗旨，以政治安全为根本，以经济安全为基础，以军事，文化，社会安全为保障，以促进国际安全为依托，走出一条中国特色国家安全道路。

3.履行维护国家安全法定义务的做法：

（1）我们要认识学习相关的法律法规，增强法治意识

（2）每个公民都严格遵守法律法规，积极履行法定义务，不断提高防范意识和能力，为维护国家安全贡献自已的力量。

第十课 建设美好祖国

1.祖国现代化建设取得的成就：

（1）人民生活的变化（2）社会主义现代化建设取得了伟大成就。

2.社会现代化建设中面临的问题：

人均国内生产总值的世界排名不高，发展不平衡，不协调，不可持续的问题依然突出，居民收入差距依然较大，部分群众生活面临一些困难。

3.劳动的作用：

劳动是财富的源泉，也是幸福的源泉。今天，我们国家所取得的每一项成就，都是广大人民用辛勤劳动，诚实劳动，创造性劳动换来的，中国人民用实干精神创造了今天的辉煌。

4.把美丽的中国梦变成现实需要发扬什么精神？

把中国梦变成现实，创造未来的美好生活，需要一代代人埋头苦干和接力奋斗，需要每个人在各自的岗位上付出更多的辛勤和汗水。只有继续发扬实干精神，才能用我们的劳动创造新的辉煌。

5.青少年为实现美丽的中国梦作哪些贡献？