英文书信的写作(9篇)
1.英文书信的写作 篇一
英文书信英文书信的构成英文书信的格式信封的写法常见英文书信类型综合练习英文书信的构成信头写信日期收信人地址开头称呼语正文结尾礼词签名英文书信的构成查号或参考编号特别指定阅信人主题、标题识别记号附件抄送补述英文书信格式完全平头式凡是打字机打上的每一行字,都从最左边打起。所用的标点是开放式标点。平头式除了日期、结尾礼词和签名部分外,其他部分每行开头都从最左边开始。混合式与平头式相似,不同的是正文每段开始要缩进二三个字母。英文信封写法英文信封的写法和中文信封的写法完全不同:1.收信人的全名和地址要写在信封中间。发信人的全名和地址应写在信封的左上角。2.地址的写法是由小到大。常见英文书信类型1.Business Letter(事务信函)Inquiry(询问)Invitation(邀请)Application(求职信)Introduction(介绍信)Reference(推荐信)Congratulations(贺信)2.Personal letters(私人信件)综合练习1.给国外朋友写一封英文书信。2.练习用英文写一封求职信。(要求:格式规范内容完整语言准确)**必要部分特殊部分郑重的函件一般不用“补述”!Letterhead(信头)Reference Number(参考编号)Date(日期)Inside Address(收信人地址)Particular Address(特别指定阅信人)Salutation(开头称呼语)Letter Subject(主题)Body of the Letter(正文)Complimentary Close(结尾礼词)Signature(签名)Identification Marks(识别记号)Enclosure(附件)Carbon Copy(抄送)Postscript(补述)Prof.Richard Miller502 North Olive AvenueWest Palm Beach, Florida 33402max.book118.com.Li Mingxin Dept.of English邮票Beijing Foreign Studies Univ.Beijing,100081 China
2.浅谈中英文书信格式 篇二
关键词:中英文;书信;格式
书信历史悠久,其格式也几经变化。按通行的习惯,中文书信格式主要包括五个部分:称呼、正文、结尾、署名和日期;而英文书信一般由六部分组成。即,信头(Heading)、信内地址(Inside Address),称呼(Salutation)、正文(Body of Letter)、结束语(Complimentary Close)、署名(Signature)。
在中文书信中地址是写在信封上的,而英文书信中含有信头和信内地址。
一、信头(Heading)
信头,一般写在信纸的右上角,包括寄信人通信地址和写信日期。如:
Changsha No.1 Middle School
P.R.China,
Nov.8,2005.
二、信内地址(Inside Address)
信内地址位于左上角。在信头之后,下空两三行,从左边顶格处写起。信内地址是收信人的地址,包括姓名,职务,公司名称,市、州或省,邮政编码和国家。第一行写称呼和姓名,第二行写收信人的单位名称,第三行写地址,地址中每个词的首字母要大
写,如:
Dr. David Fuller
Graduate Studies
Northern State University
1200 South Jay Street
Aberdeen,SD57401-7198
U.S.A.
三、称呼
中英文的称呼都会遵循“因人而异”,会根据收信人的年龄、地位或职位不同。
中文中的称呼要在信纸第一行顶格写起,后加“:”,称呼和署名要对应,明确自己和收信人的关系。这里简要说明几条细则:
1.给长辈的信
若是近亲,就只写称谓,如“爸”“妈”等;亲戚关系的,就写关系的称谓,如“姑妈”等。对非近亲的长辈,可在称谓前加名或姓,如“赵阿姨”等。
2.给平辈、晚辈的信
可直接用对方名字。
3.给师长的信
通常只写其姓或其名,再加“老师”二字,如“段老师”。对于学有专长、德高望重的师长,往往在姓后加一“老”字,以示尊重,如“戴老”,亦可在姓名后加“先生”二字。
而英语中的称呼语(Salutation)同样也有多种形式:
(1)在不知道收信人姓名的情况下,有以下几种称呼方式:Dear Sir/Madam(to a man/Madam, if the name is unknown),如果是寄往某公司的信还可用“Dear Sirs”。
(2)在知道收信人姓名的情况下,有以下几种称呼方式: Dear Mr. Smith(for a man),Dear Mrs. Brown(for a married woman)Dear Miss Jones(for a single woman),Dear Ms Todd(Ms does not reveal the marital status of a woman).
四、正文
中文书信的正文通常以问候语开头。问候是对收信人的一种礼节,体现写信人对收信人的关心。接下来便是正文的主要部分——主体文,即写信人要说的话。这一部分,明白写信的主旨,做到有条有理、层次分明。若是信中同时要谈几件事,更要注意主次分明,有头有尾,详略得当。
英语中的正文(body)包括三个部分:第一部分是开头,需要开门见山地说明写信的原因和目的。如果是写给不认识的人,还要加上一个简单的自我介绍。如果是回信,还要说明何时收到对方关于什么内容的信。
五、结尾
正文写完后,一般都会要表达对收信人的祝福及勉励。我们把它称做祝颂语或致敬语,这是对收信人的一种尊重和礼貌。
中文结尾的习惯写法在正文写完之后,紧接着写“此致”“敬礼”,但是要注意的是这两个词的格式,“敬礼”要另起一行顶格。
英语书信的结束语(Complimentary Close),通常也以礼貌的祝福或者愿望来结束。如:
I am looking forward to your reply.
六、署名和日期
在书信最后一行,署上写信人的姓名。署名应写在正文结尾后的右方空半行的地方。如果是写给比较亲近和熟悉的人,直接写上自己的名字,不用写姓。如果是写给单位的或是比较正式的推荐信,一定要把姓与名全部写上,以示尊敬。日期一项,用以注明写完信的时间,写在署名之后或下边。
英文署名是在结束语的下方签名,先手写出,再打出来。
总体而言,中英文书信的格式有着相同点,也有着不同点,相同点体现了文化的相通性,而地域的差异又带来了不同点。随着全球化的发展、科技的进步,人与人之间的联络变得很方便,而最初的这些传统联络方式却渐渐地消失,人与人之间的感情变得更疏远,因此,我们更需要传承这些文化,保留其精髓。
(作者单位 湖南石油化工职业技术学院)
3.常用英文书信 篇三
常 用 英 语 文 书
第二节
常用英文书信
【例文13-2-1】
推荐信
October 2l,2006 To Whom It May Concern:
Miss Li Yuanyuan worked as a secretary in this company for three years;from 2000 to 2003.She is good at typing and shorthand and has fulfilled her other duties well.
As her immediate supervisor for the last two years,I can state that she is a very good secretary.She is hard—working and p1easant and well—1iked by the other members of our staff She now wants to move on to job with more responsibility and higher pay,for which she is surely qualified.
I can give her a wholehearted recommendation.Very truly yours,Zhang Zheyuan [译文] 有关人士:
李媛媛小姐从2000年至2003年在本公司担任秘书工作达三年之久。她打字及速记能力极强,其他的工作也做得很好。作为她二年来的直接领导,我可以说她是一位的优秀的秘书。
她工作勤奋,待人和善,深受公司同事的尊爱。她现在想转做责任更大、薪水较高的工作。她确实有此资格。
本人衷心地推荐她。
张哲元
2006年10月21日
【例文13-2-2】 求职信 October,2005 Dear Sir, I would like to apply for the position as civil engineer advertised in yesterday’s China
Daily.I was born in 1970 and graduated from ×× university.My major was civil engineering.I have been a civil engineering with Mr.Evans Smith, General Manager of the Universal Railway Co.
If these meet you requirements, please grant me an interview. Thank you in advance for your early reply.
Yours faithfully,Liu Bin [译文] 亲爱的先生:
看了昨日《中国日报》的广告,我想申请土木工程师一职,我出生于1970年,毕业于 ××大学,主修土木工程,一直在宇宙铁路公司总经理伊万斯〃史密斯处任桥梁工程师。
如上述条件尚能符合贵公司的要求,请约期面谈。盼能早日回信,不胜感激。
您的恭顺的 刘斌
2005年10月10日
【例文13-2-3】
申请信
Sep.15,2006 The secretary ×× Water Conservancy Society Dear sirs,As I have g1adly heard that your society has done excellent work ever once it foundation and enjoys high prestige both at home and abroad,I deem it a great honour to become one of its members.
I graduated from the water conservancy department of××University in1998,when l was engaged as an assistant by×× Research Institute.In 2001,I joined the Water Conservancy Of ××Province.In the Past 8 years since my graduation,I have written two books On key water control project and four papers on hydraulic engineering and other subject.I always feel that on many occasions my individual efforts were not adequate to overcome the difficulties in research work.More often than not I had to ask for help and support from others.In order to 1earn from senior colleagues,to obtain their guidance,cooperation and coordination,to keep up with the rapidly developing situation in water conversancy,I hope to join your association if l am eligible for membership. shall be much obliged if you will be so kind as to let me have by return mail a copy of your regulations together with an application form for me to fill in.
Your prompt to my request will be highly appreciated.
Sincerely yours,Liu Xishan
Encls:2books and five essays by me [译文] ××水利学会秘书 亲爱的先生们:
我非常高兴地听说,贵会自成立以来工作成绩卓著,在国内外享有盛名。因此,我认为加入贵会是莫大的荣誉。
本人于1998年毕业于××大学水利系,后受聘××研究所,担任助理。2001年进入××省水利学会,从事研究工作。毕业后8年来,我先后发表了两本有关水利枢纽的专著和四篇论述水利工程学和其他题目的文章。我一向觉得,我过去在许多情况下单凭个人的努力是难于克服研究工作中的某些困难,我经常要请其他人帮助和支援。为了向前辈学习,取得他们的指导、合作和配合,跟上水利方面日新月异的飞跃发展形势,我希望能加入贵会,成为会员。
盼您回信寄来有关事项的规定和入会申请表。此事烦您费心,不胜感激之至。
您的诚挚的 刘西山
2006年9月15日
附件:我的两本著作和五篇论文
【例文13-2-4】 辞职信
Sep.10, 2006 Dear Mr.Li,It was with mixed felling that I submit my resignation as manager for our corporation.Because of the confidence you have shown in my ability to take on new assignments,my six years with the corporation have been a time of growth and challenge.
As an engineer, I want to gain additional experience in other areas of irrigation works.I now have that opportunity and will be leaving the corporation on April 7.
I appreciate the support and encouragement you have given me during the years when I have worked under your leadership.
Yours truly,Zhan Tao [译文] 亲爱的李先生:
我作为本公司的经理,此刻向您提出辞职,心情十分复杂。由于您充分信任我的能力,使我担当各种新的工作,所以我在公司的六年,是不断成长和接受挑战的六年。
作为一名工程师,我想在水利工程的其他领域获得新的经验。而现在,我正好有了这样的机会,故此才提出辞职,并决定于4月7日离开公司。
我在您领导下工作的这些年里,您给予我不少支持和鼓励,本人在此深表谢意。
詹涛 敬上
2006年9月10日
【例文13-2-5】 邀请信
Nov.14, 2006 Dear professor Fishman, The Academic Conference on water resource utilization sponsored by ×× Water conservancy association well be held in Shenzhen from 6th to tenth October 2003.We take great pleasure in inviting you to attend the Conference.Your hotel accommodation meals will be borne by ours, but we will not pay for your air fare.If you have any paper or topics on which you would like to give talks, please inform me as soon as possible as the programmer is being finalized soon.Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience.With kind regards,Yours truly,Prof.Zhao Yumeng
Secretary of the Conference [译文]
亲爱的费希曼先生:
由××水利协会举办的水资源利用学术研讨会将于2003年10月6日到10日在深圳进行。我们高兴地邀请您参加会议。您的食宿将由我们负担,机票自理。
如果您有论文提交会议或对某课题要作发言的话,请尽快告知我们,因为会议将很快确定日程。
请尽早回复告知您参加与否。此祝 安好!
大会秘书 赵雨朦 教授
2006年11月14日
【例文13-2-6】 祝贺信 Dear Mr.Green, Im very glad to know that you have opened Water Conservancy and Installation Company and it starting its business today.I would like to add my congratulations to the many you must be receiving.With your brilliant background and long record of fine business, I’m sure the new company will be a great success and more prosperous day by day.My heartiest congratulation!
Yours truly,Zhao Yangliu [译文] 亲爱的格林先生:
,欣闻你创办的水利安装公司今天开业。你一定收到了许多贺信,我也向你祝贺。我坚信,你的丰厚基础,你所取得的良好经营业绩,会使你的公司欣欣向荣,蒸蒸日上。
致以最衷心的祝贺!
你的真诚的朋友
赵杨柳 敬祝
【例文13-2-7】 感谢信
July 28, 2006 Dear Mrs.Zhao Xiangmin,I’m writing to thank you for those two wonderful days in Beijing.I will always remember this visit.Before I arrived, I was a little anxious.But I had no need to worry.you gave me a very warm help and I soon felt at home.I will never forget your kindness and hospitality.And thank you, also, for arranging so many interesting things.The visits to the Great Wall, The thirteen Reservoir were unforgettable.It was very kind of you to do all this for me and I appreciate it more than I can say.Yours sincerely,Paula [译文] 亲爱的赵向民女士:
写这封信是为了感谢您在北京给我们带来的两天美好的时光,我将永远记住这次访问。在我到达之前,我有一点担心。但我的担心是多余的,因为你给了我热情的帮助,使我感到如同回到了家里。我将永远不会忘记您的友好和好客。同时,我也要感谢您为我们安排了令人难忘的游玩,长城、十三陵水库让我永记。非常感谢您为我所做的一切,我的感谢无法用言语来表达。
您的诚挚的朋友 保罗
2006年7月28日
【例文13-2-8】 慰问信 Dear Mr.Wang,I am very sorry to 1earn from the newspaper that widespread flooding is affecting large areas of your hometown.I was not able to give you any help owing distance,and I sincerely trust you all managed to tide over a difficulty without injury.
Hope to hear of your safety and to see you soon.
Truly yours,Li Ming [译文] 亲爱的王先生:
今阅报惊悉洪水淹没了你家乡的大部分地区。我因居所远隔,未能赴援。唯盼全家度过难关,无所损伤。
甚盼获悉足下平安,并早日一见。
你诚挚的李明
【例文13-2-9】 介绍信
China Service April 15,2007 Bureau of water conservancy Gentleman.in Charge,The bearer of this letter is Mr.Zhang Wen,who is entrusted with task of making the necessary arrangement with you for our going to your bureau to attend the report on the new technology utilization of rainfall flood resources.[译文]
兹介绍张文先生前往你处,联系有关前往你局听取有关雨水和洪水资源利用新技术报告事宜,请予接洽为盼。
此致
2007年4月15日
【例文13-2-10】 证明信 To whom it many concern: This is to certify that Mr.Li Qiang has been employed in our company as an engineer for the period from 1st July, 2002, up to date.He has faithfully attended to his duties and has proved himself to be industrious and thoroughly reliable.Sincerely yours, Wang Dong [译文]
兹证明李强先生自2002年7月至今受聘于我公司任工程师一职,任职期间,他忠于职守,工作勤奋,为人诚实可靠。
4.英文书信书写格式 篇四
英文书信是应用文的一种,是我们应该掌握的文体之一。其实,写英文书信很简单,但是我们要注意其最基本的写作格式。
信头指写信人的姓名、信内地址和写信日期,一般写在信纸的右上角。不过,需要注意的是,英文地址的写法与中文完全不同,地址的名称按从小到大的.顺序。日期的写法如9月8日,最常见的写法是September8,。
信内地址在一般的社交信中,信内收信人的地址通常省略,但是在公务信函中不能省略。将收信人的姓名、地址等写在信头日期下方的左上角,与信头的要求一样。不必再写日期。
称呼即写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一行的地方,从该行的顶格写起,在称呼后面一般可用逗号(英式),也可以用冒号(美式)。
如果是写给亲人或关系密切的朋友时,用Dear或My dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名。例如:My dearsister, Dear Jack等。
如果是写给自己不熟悉的人,也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如:Dear Dr Jim Green;Dear Prof Wang。
正文从称呼语下面一行写起,是信的核心部分。不过,和中文信不同的是,正文中一般不用Hello!(你好!)
正文通常有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些,通常以五个字母为宜,每段第二行从左面顶格写起,这就是缩进式。
美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式,用齐头式,即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。
结束语一般在正文下面的一、二行处,从信纸的中间靠右写起,第一个词开头字母要大写,句末用逗号。给不同的对象写信时,结束语的写法也不同。如果是写给亲人,用Your loving grandmother,Lovingly yours,Lovingly等;如果是写给熟人、朋友,则多用Yours sincerely;若是亲密朋友,可用Sincerely yours或Yours。
再说一下签名(Signature),指写信人的姓名,写在结束语的下方,可稍靠右。
5.英文书信的写作 篇五
关键词:诸葛亮 刘备 书信表文 家书
诸葛亮作为中国历史上最著名的“军师”,也是西蜀为数极少的文学家。他一生的应用文留下不少。其书信数量在当时人中显然较多。他的书信表文,风格因对话对象而各不相同。从诸葛亮的表文和家书的分析来看,诸葛亮给刘备的表文书信与诸葛亮的家书的情感属性是有差异的,理性和感性的偏向程度是不同的。
一.理性与感性的差异
对诸葛亮而言,刘备与家人完全是两种不同的对话对象。刘备是其“主公”,而家人属于亲属;方向上,一个属于上行,一个属于下行。自然行文时必须区别对待。
1.给刘备的书信表文属于理性主导
《草庐对》是刘备向诸葛亮请教复兴汉室的大计时,诸葛亮对刘备询问的回答。首先,从行文来看,文章有条理地呈现出了四方面,分析当时的局势、指明主公基业的发展方向和方法、设计治国大纲、提醒主公抓紧时机。文章层次分明,条理清晰。再从具体内容来看,他一针见血地指出敌对势力占优势的局面,对于敌对势力的分析并不是出于其主观的情绪,而是客观地写出其优势,“今操已拥百万之众,挟天子而令诸侯,此诚不可与争锋。”句句依据现实情况,客观性极强,加之简明的分析,彰显尊重现实的理性。“贤能为之用”后补充到“此可以援而不可图也。”在提出孙权能为之所用之后还提醒刘备不要贪心,可见考虑周密,彰显思维的理性。在分析刘璋暗弱的局面时,为提示刘备可以去占领的地方,以刘邦为例,考虑到刘备与刘邦的宗亲关系,给予刘备信心,也利用其作为汉室宗亲的荣誉感达到劝谏目的,可见作文的心机,彰显劝谏方式的理性。“跨有荆益,保其岩阻,西和诸戎,南抚夷越,外结好孙权,内修政理。”这样的统筹计划,以方位为主线,内政外交为方式,又可以看出其周密的思维和理性的行文。文章分析局势,提出对策,然后统筹计划,完全做到了行文条理的理性和内容斟酌的理性,且客观性极强,属于理性主导之下的书信表文。《上先帝书》这篇文章分析了刘备从涪城率军进围洛城的吉凶。从文章结构来看,文章采用分总结构,陈述“亮算太乙数”的过程,最后点名将帅吉凶。以太乙数的过程和结果呈现的因果关系来说服刘备,文章呈现出极强的说服力,体现出说服方式的理性。
从上面的两篇在诸葛亮给刘备的书信中算是有重要地位的文章来看。我们看到的是条理分明的行文方式,完全尊重现实的陈述内容,明确的劝谏目的,理性的理由分析,独特的劝谏方式,这些都是诸葛亮给刘备的书信中呈现的理性的情感倾向,因此我们可以说在和诸葛亮与家人的书信的比较中,这些书信的写作特点是相对理性的。
2.给家人的书信属于感性主导
相对而言,诸葛亮给其家人的书信中却是不同了。虽说诸葛亮在中国历史上是一个出色的帝师和军师,但是从他给家人的书信中可以看出他也是一个立体的有感情的感性人。
在《与兄瑾言子乔书》中诸葛亮告诉诸葛瑾让侄儿诸葛乔随军到汉中的原因,“今诸将子弟皆得转运,思惟宜同共荣辱”,考虑到他应该与大家共荣辱,完全出自于诸葛亮自己的想法,理由是以诸葛亮自己的想法为主导。文章的开头便是从诸葛亮自己的意愿出发,以诸葛亮的主观意愿为主导的,呈现出动机的感性。在《与兄瑾言赵云烧赤崖阁道书》中就更加能看出诸葛亮家书的情感偏向了,文中前部分陈述的是赵云烧阁道的事实,后部分就直接说出“今水大而急,不得安柱,此其穷极,不可强也。”现在水大流急,不能再水中立柱,这件事实在太难,不能勉强修复。从中看出诸葛亮对于时事感情上的变化,从文章抒发感情的随性呈现出表达方式的感性和文章内容的感性。
诸葛亮的家书以相对于劝谏表文更加舒缓的节奏更加随性的表达呈现出以相对的感性为主导的情感属性,而劝谏表文又以严谨的表达,清晰的条理,内容上极强的客观性呈现出以相对理性为主导的情感属性,两者都各自适应各自的用途和环境,在诸葛亮的人生历史乃至整个中国历史上发挥着各自的作用。
诸葛亮给刘备的书信表文与给家人的家书在对比之下也是呈现出不同的风格,含蓄与直接,严肃和平易的语言艺术运用自如,体现出他文学才华的过人和政治上的左右逢源。
二.语言风格之异
1.曲折含蓄与直截了当
诸葛亮给刘备的书信,我们不难看出其中的曲折迂回的语言风格。如《论黄忠》对于刘备任用黄忠的建议,文中的开篇先是说出黄忠名望不如关羽、马超,马超和张飞亲自见到黄忠的功绩但是关羽没有见到他的功绩,所以不能冲动。这样先陈述理由,再委婉地说出“恐必不悦,得无不可乎。”的结论,先说原因再提出似有若无的告诫,这就是一种曲折含蓄的语言风格。
而对于诸葛亮给家人的书信中,这种语言风格就显得更加直截了当,不用顾虑对方和自己的身份差异,直接说出,更显赤诚。如《诫子书》中,“夫君子之行,静以修身,俭以养德,非淡泊无以明志,非宁静无以致远。”这样的名句就是直接表达了诸葛亮对于儿子作为君子的德行要求,体现的书信目的直截了当,提出要求的方式也是直截了当的。又如《又诫子书》中“夫酒之设,合礼致情……”谈的是日常酒宴的细节处,我们可以从中看出,诸葛亮对于这种教育儿子的书信是直接了当的“说重点”的,文章言简意赅,不属于任何论述文章的格式。“可以至醉,无至迷乱。”直接提出对于儿子的警告,没有任何迂回婉转的语言来修饰,于中见出诸葛亮家书直截了当的语言风格。
2.严肃庄重与平实朴素
说到严肃庄重的语言风格,在《草庐对》中这种严肃似乎体现在字里行间,比如“诚如是,则霸业可成,汉室可兴矣。”这句结语,“霸业”、“汉室”无不是庄重之词,文中这样的庄重特点的语句还有很多,另外“挟天子以令诸侯”中“挟”字既表现出曹操的不正当,又可以在心态上顺应刘备,这样的用词体现就是字斟句酌的严肃庄重。《称庞统廖立》这样的称赞贤臣的文章中“楚之良才,当赞兴世业者也。”“良才”、“世业”这样的词语都是君臣之间常用的词语,体现的就是一种国家和君臣关系的庄重严肃。而对于诸葛亮的家书这一部分就显得平实朴素多了,比如《与兄瑾言子瞻书》中诸葛亮说到自己的长子诸葛瞻的情况,用“聪慧可爱”等词,这种形容词相比“良才”“世业”明显更加的平易朴素,甚至还有些许俏皮。又比如《与兄瑾论白帝兵书》“兄嫌白帝兵非精练。”写的是兄长嫌白帝城的军队没有经过严格训练,没有庄重严肃的语调,就是陈述出了实际的情况,全篇文章没有过多修饰,辞藻更不华丽,体现出给家人通信的平实朴素的语言风格。
诸葛亮给刘备的表文书信中含蓄曲折的告诫、目的说明的委婉词汇、语言的庄重与诸葛亮给家人的书信中直截了当的警告、目的说明的直接、语言的平易在体现出了诸葛亮过人的文学才华的同时更能体现他应对多变身份的能力,对于当代人来说也是受益良多的。
三.表达技巧之异
1.夹叙夹议与直抛论点
诸葛亮给刘备的书信大多都是一些时政有关的议论文。但介于他们的君臣关系,这种议论又不仅仅是议论这么简单了,多数是叙述和议论交错出现的。如《上先帝书》中,诸葛亮叙述自己的占卜,作出“凶多吉少”的结论,这样的议论就不是属于直抛论点,而是夹叙夹议了。在《论荐刘巴》中将陈述刘巴的才华和与自己比较的议论结合在一起,也是采用的这种在相对严肃的关系下更加有说服力的表达技巧来写的。而在诸葛亮写给家人的书信中,却是直接把自己的论点抛出,让自己的意思显而易见。比如《诫外生书》中“夫志当存高远”开篇就直接写出自己的期待,要求外生做一个志存高远的人。然后再论述有高远志向的人是如何养成的,这种就是直抛论点的方式了。
2.间接抒情与直抒胸臆
针对诸葛亮给刘备书信表文的抒情方式,就以间接抒情居多。比如《草庐对》中的“百姓孰敢不箪食壶浆以迎将军者乎?”这句话委婉地表达了作者对于刘备早日取得胜利和汉室复兴的期盼。只是陈述了一种百姓迎接将军的盛况,却满满的都是统一天下复兴汉室的豪情壮志。而在《与兄瑾言孙松书》中却是“见其所与亮器物,感用流涕”是直接用自己的语言写出了自己的伤心之情,毫无遮掩,直抒胸臆又如《诫子书》中最后一句写道“悲守穷庐,将复何极!”直接抒发了他对于儿子的警告和担心,于中毫不掩饰地表达了自己的情感,期盼是如此的殷切,警告也是如此的醒目,运用的就是直抒胸臆的抒情方式。
不论是基于君臣关系的夹议夹叙,以委婉的言辞来寄托自己的感情,还是基于亲情的直抛论点,毫不掩饰地表达自己的感情,呈现给我们的都是一个完整的诸葛亮,一个名垂千古的诸葛孔明。
参考文献
1.张连科,管淑珍校注《诸葛亮集校注》天津古籍出版社
2.柳春藩著《诸葛亮评传》中国青年出版社
6.高中英文书信作文 篇六
From my English, I will contact a deeply like English. English let me open view, let me understand the culture of different region amorous feelings to.
I want to use English freely and talk to people, but my spoken English is very bad.Language is a kind of habit, I find it hard to correct his poor pronunciation, this makes me very distressed, but I have worked very hard in the improved.
I feel that learning English is the key to read more look more, I like reading comprehension, it not only let me get some knowledge, but also let me realize the happiness of learning English, I feel very proud can read English article.
Thank you for teaching me. I believe in your teachings, I can certainly through their efforts to learn English well.
Best wishes for you!
Yours
7.英文书信常用语 篇七
Pardon me, though a stranger to you personally, for taking liberty to address you these few lines.
As I have not heard of you for long, I feel anxious.
I must apologize for not having written to you previously.
Please pardon my long in writing to you.
Pardon me for neglect when you honored me with a visit the other day.
Having mislaid your address, I have not been able to reply sooner.
Your letter of the 4th this month was duly received.
I have the pleasure to tell you that..
I have just received your kind letter.
Your kind letter of Saturday arrived this morning.
二、结束语
Please notify me soon.
Looking forward to a prompt reply.
Please do not fail to write to me.
I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.
I look for your answer in a few days.
Let me hear if you receive the parcel safely.
As the season grows colder, I hope you will take good care of yourself.
With kind regards to your family.
Please give my compliments to your family.
Pray give my best remembrances to Mr. Brown.
My parents ask also to add their best thanks to mine.
Adieu till then.
Thanking you for the past favour.
I think you for the trouble you have taken.
Hoping you will have a pleasant trip.
Wishing you a pleasant journey.
The help you sent is sincerely valued.
三、社交用语
The bearer of this letter, Mr. Chen, professor of ..., (an esteemed friend of mine), is desirous of being introduced to your acquaintance.
I am very grateful for your kindness in permitting me to...
I respectfully acknowledge your note and will wait upon you as proposed.
Should an interview be desired, I shall be happy to call at any hour you may appoint.
I have some important business matter to communicate to you.
Anything further will be discussed when we meet.
I regret that a prior engagement will prevent me from a tending.
I think you for your kind entertainment last evening.
I shall have great pleasure in accepting your invitation.
Accept my thanks for our handsome present.
四、祝愿语
I wish you a happy New Year.
Pray accept my best and sincerest wishes for the New Year.
Presenting the compliments of the season.
With every good wish.
Pray allow me to congratulate your most heartily on your success in your examination.
I am glad to hear that you were appointed..., on which I congratulate you most heartily.
I congratulate you upon your success.
8.论科研论文英文摘要的规范写作 篇八
一、摘要简述
1.什么是摘要
摘要(Abstract)又称概要、内容提要。现代汉语词典上对于摘要的解释为:“摘录下来的要点”。摘要是一篇完整论文的一部分,但不是正文的一部分。它通常位于正文之前,高度概括了正文中叙述的内容,不加评论和补充解释,是正文实质性内容的介绍。其基本要素包括研究目的、方法、结果、结论和其他。具体地讲目的就是研究、研制、调查等的前提、目的和任务,所涉及的主题范围;方法是指所用的原理、理论、条件、对象、材料、工艺、结构、手段、装备、程序等;结果即实验、研究的结果数据,被确定的关系,观察结果,得到的效果、性能等;结论便是结果的分析、研究、比较、评价、应用,提出的问题等;其他是指不属于研究、研制、调查的主要目的,但就其见识和情报价值而言也是重要的信息。摘要应具有独立性和自明性,并且拥有与文献等量的主要信息,读者通过阅读摘要,初步就能确定此文章对读者从事的科研、教学有无参考价值,从而决定是否有必要阅读全文。
Abstract在英文中既作“摘要”讲,也作“文摘”讲。在讨论摘要前我们有必要弄清两者间的区别:摘要与正文关系明确。虽不是正文的一部分,但不能脱离文章而单独印刷发行。文摘是一种能脱离正文单独印行的文体,主要以文摘期刊或文摘卡片或光盘形式发行。文摘除向读者介绍文献的主要内容外,还介绍文献的来源、查找全文的渠道。文摘期刊搜集、摘录并按类编排大量的文献,是研究有关领域发展动态的主要依据。
2.摘要的分类
按摘要的不同功能来划分,大致分为3种类型:信息性摘要、指示性摘要和信息-指示性摘要。
信息性摘要即报道性摘要,也称资料性摘要。一般用来反映科技论文的目的、方法及主要结果与结论,在有限的字数内向读者提供尽可能多的定性或定量的信息,充分反映该研究的创新之处。目前科技期刊中学术类文章的英文摘要多属于信息性摘要,这种摘要篇幅较长,英文摘要以100-150字左右为宜。
指示性摘要及介绍性摘要,也称陈述性摘要。它只简要地介绍论文的论题,或是概括地表述研究的目的,使读者对该研究的主要内容(即作者做了什么工作)有一个轮廓性的了解。指示性摘要一般不介绍目的、方法及主要结果与结论的具体内容。一般适用于学术性期刊的简报、问题讨论等栏目以及技术性期刊等,只概括地介绍论文的论题,使读者对论文的主要内容有大致的了解。篇幅短小,以30-50字左右为宜。
信息-指示性摘要是一种混合型摘要。它以信息性摘要的形式表述论文中价值最高的那部分内容,其余部分则以指示性摘要形式表达。篇幅以50~100字为宜。
二、英文摘要写作中的问题
科研论文的摘要应当使用英文直接写作,这样作者可以按英文的思维方式更直接准确地表达原文,但由于语言能力的限制,用英文思维直接写作尚有难度。于是,许多科研人员是先写出摘要的中文稿,再进行汉英翻译,于是摘要英译过程中不可避免地出现了很多问题。
其一,摘要的结构问题。英文摘要是对原始文献不加诠释或评论的准确而简短的概括,通常包括背景句、目的句、方法句、结果和结论句,要能反映原始文献的主要信息。有些作者由于不了解摘要的写作规范,往往遗漏重要部分,导致主要部分的残缺。如:
例一:Mencius was one of the great Confusian philosophers. His economic ideal was constructed with three parts. First, ideal on private proprietorship. Second, ideal on the family-owned agrarian economy. Third, ideal on equitable tax.这篇英文摘要有五句话,第一句是背景句,二至五句是分析结果。由于字数限制,英文摘要的背景句、目的句可以简化或省去;但方法句的缺失给读者造成研究结果缺乏根据的印象,没有提出作者意见的结论句,对一篇摘要来说是不完整的,给读者留下言犹未尽的印象。
例二:By applying some theories drawn from hermeneutics and pragmatics, a study is made of the necessity of building up historical context awareness in the process of translation, particularly translation from Chinese into English of literature on ethnic and religion affairs, through discussing some problems arising from translation.这篇摘要通篇由一长句构成,“applying some theories drawn from hermeneutics and pragmatics”是方法部分,“a study is made of the necessity of building up historical context awareness in the process of translation, particularly translation from Chinese into English of literature on ethnic and religion affairs,”是目的,“through discussing some problems arising from translation.”又是方法,容易给人留下逻辑混乱的印象。没有结果和结论,又让人对作者的研究效绩和意义无的放矢。
其二,摘要的内容问题。摘要的内容主要是指语法(包括词语的正确使用,句子结构的完整,以及语态时态的运用等)和语篇(是否符合英语的表达习惯)两个方面。以上文中所举第二个例子为例,这篇摘要以短语“By applying some theories drawn from hermeneutics and pragmatics,“而不是重要的事实开头,导致摘要的主要内容、论文新的信息重点不突出;语言繁琐,“in the process of translation” 可以简化为“in translation”;介词使用错误而且混乱,“make of ”是“由......造成”而作则要表达的是“对......进行的研究”,所以“a study is made of the necessity of…” 应改为“a study is made on the necessity of …”,将“particularly translation from Chinese into English of literature”改为“particularly Chinese-to-English literature translation”更加符合语篇的自然通顺原
则。
三、英文摘要的撰写要求
郑福裕教授在《科技论文英文摘要编写指南》一书中提出的摘要写作的ABC原则可以作为摘要的特点:A即准确(accuracy),摘要能准确地传递科技信息和阐述学术观点,文字表达准确,不引起误解;B即简练(brevity),摘要是信息的高度浓缩,简洁具体的反映论文的实质性内容,体现论文的创新性及重要梗概;C即清晰(clarity),指的是摘要的逻辑性、条理性与客观性。
英文摘要是用英文来表述文章的重要部分,写作要求很高。英文摘要的写法除了具有中、英文摘要的共性外,还有自己独特的个性。笔者对国内外权威文献收录机构和出版机构对于英文摘要的要求作了一个总结:
摘要以主题概念不遗漏为原则,中文摘要字数为200~300字,英文摘要为100~150words;摘要第一句的开头部分,不要与论文标题重复,每篇摘要都是与题目连排的,题目是文摘的第一句话;用重要的事实开头,突出论文新的信息,即新立题、新方法、结论与结果的创新性等;尽量避免用辅助从句开头;叙述要完整,清楚,简明扼要,逻辑性要强,结构完整,删去背景与过去的研究信息,不应包含作者将来的计划,杜绝文学性修饰与无用的叙述;摘要中涉及他人的工作或研究成果的,尽量列出他们的名字;摘要中不能出现“图××”、“方程××”和“参考文献××”等句,不用特殊字符及由特殊字符组成的数学表达式,必要时可改用文字表达和叙述;词语拼写,用英美拼法都可以,但每篇中须保持一致;不以数字开头,中英文必须对应;尽量用简短的句子,避免句形单调,组织好句子,使动词尽量靠近主语,尽量用简短、词义清楚并为人熟知的词;用过去时态叙述作者所做的工作,用现在时态叙述作者得出的结果、结论,尽量用主动语态代替被动语态;可用动词的情况下尽量避免用动词的名词形式;注意冠词的用法,不要误用、滥用或随便省略冠词;避免使用一长串形容词或名语为修饰名词,可将这些词分成几个前置短语,用连字符连接,作为单位形容词(一个形容词);不使用俚词外语表达概念,慎用行话和俗语,应用标准英语;要采用规范化的名词术语(包括地名、机构名和人名)。新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的,可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文;对那些已经为大众所熟悉的缩写词,可以直接使用,对于那些仅为同行所熟悉缩略语,应在题目、文摘或关键词中至少出现一次全称;商品名需要时应加注学名,应采用国际公认的计量单位。
(本文由河北大学青年基金项目《科研论文摘要问题分析与对策研究》资助,项目编号04020)。
9.英文书信格式及范例大汇总 篇九
①Iamverygladtohearfromyou.很高兴收到你的来信。②Thankyouforyourletter.谢谢你的来信。
③Iwasverypleased(happy)toreceiveyourletterofFebruary6,2001… 很高兴收到你2001年2月6日的来信…。
④YourletterofFebruary6,2001hasbeenreceived.你2001年2月6日的来信收到了。⑤It is a pleasure for me to get your letter.收到你的来信,真是高兴。
⑥I’m sorry to have taken so long to answer your last letter.这么久才给你回信很感歉意。
2)结束语 ① ② I hope to have a letter from you before long.希望不久能收到你的来信。
②Please write to me so on and tell me all about yourself.请快点给我来信,并谈谈你的情况。
③Give my best wishes to you.呈以最好的祝愿。
④Wishing your business sever successful!祝你事业有成!⑤Hopeyouarehealthy.祝你健康。
英文书信格式及范例大汇总
(二)各类信件(Letters)
英语信件的种类比较多,有一般信件,邀请信,推荐信等。但几乎所有信件的格式都大同小异。书写英语信件要注意下面几点:
(一)英语书信结构、书写款式及要求:
1.书信结构
英语书信结构一般有以下几个部分组成:
1)信封(envelope)。英语的信封和中文的一样,有三部分组成,即发信人地址、收信人地址和邮票。只不过英语信封的格式除了邮票所贴的位置(信封的右上角)和中文的一样外,英语信封上要写的发信人和收信人的地址和中文的大不一样。发信人的地址应写在信封的左上角,收信人的地址应写在信封偏中右偏下处,如下:
Liu Yan-hua
Room 302, No.48, Yanan Road(M)stamp Shanghai, 20040 P.R.China Prof.John Hill
607 North Willington Avenue West Palm Beach, Florida 33404 U.S.A.2)信头(heading),即写发信人的地址和日期(右上角)。
3)信内姓名地址(inside address),即写收信人的姓名和地址(左上角)。
4)称呼(salutation),即写对收信人的尊称(一般用Dear Mr.… ,;Dear Madam Helen,;Dear Miss…,;Dear John,;Dear Professor Smith,等)。称呼直接写在收信人地址的正下方,中间空一至二行。称呼后面的标点一般只能用逗号。以上信头、信内姓名和地址三部分的结构如下:
Liu Yan-hua
Room 302, No 48, Yanan Road(M)Shanghai 200040 P.R.China June 22, 2002 Prof.John Hill 607 North Willington Avenue
West Palm Beach, Florida 33404 U.S.A.Dear Professor Hill,___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
注:如果是相当熟悉和随便的朋友之间,因为彼此都知道对方的地址,故信头和信内的地址常常省略。
5)正文(body),即信件内的主要内容。正文第一句句子一般和称呼之间空一至二行。
6)信尾客套语(complimentary close),即写信人在信的右(或左)下角,写上表示自己对收
信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。一般有Sincerely,;Sincerely yours,;Yours sincerely,;Friendly
yours,;Truly yours,;Yours truly,;Cordially yours,;Yours cordially,等。
7)信尾签名(signature),即亲笔签上写信人自己的姓名。如果是用打字机或电脑写的信,在写信人签名的上方,同样应该打上写信人的姓名。
除以上七个部分外,有时一些英语书信还包括:(1)附件(Enclosure),以Enc.表示,如“附有。。。证明”应写为Enc…Certificate;(2)再启(Postscript),以P.S.表示;(3)抄送件(Carbon Copy to…),以c.c.表示,说明一式多份抄送其他有关人员。这些都是次要的补充部分。P.S.主要在私人信件中使用,事务信件中应避免使用,以免造成写信人粗心大意的印象。Enc.和c.c.大都用在商贸信函中。
2.书写款式
英语书信的款式一般有两种:齐头式(Block Style)和折衷式(Semi-Block Style)。齐头式常常在商贸、官方以及一些正式的信件中使用,以显示信件内容的严肃性,真实性,可靠性。而折衷式则显的比较随便,主要用于家人、朋友、私人之间来往的信件。如果两人之间不是第一次通信,相互比较了解,可以省略信内的双方地址。
以下分别介绍齐头式和折衷式信件两种款式。
A: 齐头式信件款式:
(范文 1。)
Liu Ping Box 408
Beijing University Beijing 100871 P.R.China
July 10, 2002 Director
Dept.of Geology Columbia University New York, NY, 10028 U.S.A.Dear Professor Sullivan,This is a request for admittance to your University as a visiting scholar.I hope it will be possible for me to take some courses and also do some research work in your department.Our Government will provide me with all traveling and living expenses.Enclosed please find my application and three letters of recommendation, which I hope you will find satisfactory.Thank you for your kind consideration.I’m looking forward to your earliest reply.Sincerely yours, Liu Ping
注:用齐头式信件写信,其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。每段的第一句句子不需要空
格,但段与段之间需要空一至二行。齐头式信件的信尾客套话和签名可以有两种款式。第一种写在左下方,这是最常用也是最正式的。另外也可以写在右下方,这种形式则表示写信人与收信人之间的关系比较熟悉随便。下面是另一种齐头式信件的格式。
齐头式信件款式:
(范文 2。)
December 22, 2002 Dear Mr.Ken,I arrived at Shanghai yesterday afternoon.My wife and my daughter met me at the airport.They were very much glad that I could come back just before Christmas and the new year’s day.On our way home, I told them a lot about my stay in America, until now they are always encouraging me to tell them some interesting incidents and exciting experiences that I encountered in the State.You know they have never been abroad, and therefore everything may seem strange to them.It is even extremely incredible for them to know that every day we took half an hour drive for our lunch, which is quite natural for ordinary people.My wife and daughter want me to thank you for your gifts to them.My daughter loves the toy dog very much, and she always holds it even when she is sleeping.My wife loves the purse.She feels so proud of owning it, speaks so highly of its quality that she shows it to all her friends.Anyway, I’m much obliged to you for your hospitality during my stay there, and to your wife, Catherine, especially.She is really a nice young lady, who is kind,frank and generous.With her guidance and instructions, I could visit some places that I had been longing for, find some important materials and learn something in detail about American culture.Meanwhile, I would thank your colleagues for their tremendous help, without which it would have been impossible for me to cope with everything.I won’t come to my office until January 6.We will inform you of our decision about the contract as soon as possible.Please remember me to your wife and two daughters.Sincerely yours, Zhou Yan-wen B: 折衷式信件款式:
用折衷式书写信件,其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。第一段第一句的第一个单词必须在Dear称呼的直接下面。以后每段开头都要与第一段第一个字对齐。信尾的客套话和签名都写在右下方。朋友之间写信一般都使用折衷式,而且称呼与正文之间一般不空行。具体款式和要求参见后面的一些信件。
以下是一封折衷式信件。
Li Xiang
Commercial and Trade LMT Room 606 Park Hotel No.18 Nanjing Road(W)Shanghai 20001 P.R.China July 20, 2002 Mr.Smith Henkel
Manager of Import Division Victoria Industries Co.Flemington 3032 VIC, Australia Dear Mr.Henkel,We acknowledge the receipt of your letter and its enclosure of February 10 about thesupply of washing machines.We regret that it is difficult for us to consider the purchase as our company does not need the item for the time being.We have recorded your quotation of our further use.Thank you for your kind attention to this reply.Yours faithfully, Li Xiang
3.信件书写要求:
写英语信件一般可以使用打字机、电脑,朋友之间比较随便的信件也可以用钢笔、圆珠笔
甚至彩色笔,但不宜用铅笔。不管你用什么形式书写,一些重要的信件,签名处必须用深蓝色或黑色墨水笔签名。
(二)各类常用信件
1)感谢信
October 5, 2002 Dear Mike,Your letter and package reached me yesterday.You really give me a great surprise.I was wondering what was in such a nice package until I carefully opened it and found that you sent me an attractive present for my birthday.Thank you very much for your kindness, and I like the present, which will give me pleasure for a long time to come.Again it is thoughtful of you to send me the present on my birthday.Yesterday evening my colleagues held a birthday party for me, including John Liu---I think you can remember---a nice tall boy, who invited you and I to his birthday last October.We enjoyed ourselves, and all of us mentioned your stay with us.We hope that you will come to China soon, if possible.Please accept my sincere thanks and best wishes.Yours, Peter Wang 2)祝贺信
May 16, 2003 Dear Mr.Blake,Thank you for informing us your new house address.It is fantastic that you have at last a house of your own, which, as explained, is located in a sea site city.I can imaginer that you are now enjoying your life and work, and you can entertain yourselves in such a big house.When I told the news to Peter Li, James Wang and Nancy Zhang, the girl who always wears a long hair, and went to Beijing with us last year, they all wish you to send us some pictures of your new house.We hope that when we go on errand in America next year, we can pay a visit to your family.Then we are sure to have a nice gathering.This morning, Peter and I went to an art gallery to pick up an oil painting with a beauty spot of China’s southern part as a token of our hearty congratulations.We hope it can add up to your decorations wherever you like, and we also wish you will like it.Yours sincerely, William Fang 3)邀请信
April 5, 2002 Dear Mr.Brian,Thank you for your letter of March 20.As Spring---the best season of a year---has come, everything is nice here.The weather is always fine and
comfortable, trees become green and various kinds of flowers are in blossom.We, therefore, invite you to visit our city from April 28 to May 5.If you accept our invitation, please inform us in detail of the number of your people, their names, and your suggestions of your visit.We will try our best to arrange everything according to your plan, and we hope that you will enjoy every minute of your trip here.We are looking forward to your reply.Sincerely yours, Li Xiao-hua 4)一般信件
1508 Topp Lane 6E Glenview, IL 60025 U.S.A.Dec.26, 1998 Dear Sun Yong-kang:
Your letter eventually followed me to my new address(above).I’m afraid I can’t be of much specific help to you.I am, however, sending you a directory of physics programs in the U.S.On pp.178 – 180 are programs leading to a Master’s or Ph.D.My suggestion is to look over the program descriptions and then to write directly to the addresses given if any look appropriate.Stress that you need financial aid.I wouldn’t worry too much about your English.Your academic background seems strong.Good Luck, Harvey Nadler 5)商业信件
B R O A D W A Y A U T O S Radford, Virginia 24142
TELEFAX: 765542 TELEPHON: 0464 68823 Jacques Roget Rex et Cie
rue du Professeur Nicolas 35009 Clermont Ferrand France 7 August 2002 Dear Jacques,I’m writing to you because we’ve been having a bit of trouble with one of our suppliers who makes the lightweight batteries we use to power our vehicles.I’m pretty sure you don’t have a local distributor of your products in this country, which is why I’m writing to you direct to se if you can help us out.I did try to call, but you weren’t available.I’m sending some copies of our technical brochures to that you can see what we need.Here’s the specification:
Polymeric Batteries
Maximum Size: Height: 200mm Depth: 200mm Width: 300mm Maximum Weight: 5kg
Output: 1000 watts @ 12 volts
Rechargeable life at full power: 8 hours Labels:
Each unit should bear a label giving:
The output of the battery, its month and year of manufacture, your own company’s name and country, a product code number and a unique unit number Quantity: 4,800 units
Delivery: by 15 September 2002
I’d appreciate it if you could quote us your best CIF price, giving a full specification of your product and shipping date.Of course our technical department would need to have some samples of the batteries to test in our laboratories before we could place a firm order.We usually deal with new suppliers on the basis of payment in our currency by confirmed irrevocable Letter of Credit.Assuming the laboratory tests go well, and you can quote us a competitive price, we’d certainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis.I’ll be out of the office for a couple of weeks from tomorrow.In the meantime, do get in touch with one of my assistants Mr.Cloud and Mrs.Lewis if you need any more information.Looking forward to hearing from you.Giving my best regards to Jeanne and the kids.Best wishes,Fred
Fred A.North, Buying manager
6)求学信
Lin Cheng-wei
Department of Foreign Languages East-China Normal University No.3663 Zhong Shan Road(N)Shanghai 200062 People’ Republic of China May 18, 2003 Chair
Department of Linguistics Brigham Young University
2129 JKHB Provo, Utah 84602 U.S.A.Dear Sir,I am an assistant teacher of English at East-China Normal University.Now I am writing to you to apply for admission to your department majoring in TESL.From 1996 to 2000 I studied in Foreign Languages Department, East-China Normal University.After graduation, I stayed in my department as an assistant, teaching the courses of English Grammar and Intensive Reading.As a young teacher, I am looking forward to getting a chance to have a further study in English-speaking countries in order to improve my English, and my ability to teach the language as well.Knowing that your department offers M.A.in TESL, I, therefore, sincerely hope that I can have the opportunity to study in your department.During the past three years of my teaching, I have become interested in TESL Reading, Grammar Usage, and Language Acquisition, which may have a close relationship with the required courses you offer.In addition, I have published several papers in these fields(refer to my resume).Enclosed are my application materials.Please feel free to inform me if you have any question and need some other information.It would be very kind of you if you can take my application into a serious consideration.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely, Lin Cheng-wei
7)出国留学推荐信(Recommendation Letter for Studying Abroad)
随着我国出国留学生日年增多一般,大部分学生需要在出国前让自己的老师、导师或领导写一份出国推荐信,从而可以在信中告知对方学校申请人的学历、能力、为人处世等方面的情况。如果推荐信是写给对方某某人的,开头用 Dear…,如果是写给对方单位或学校的,则开头可以用To whom it may concern, 或To Whom It May Concern,(意为:有关负责人)。
以下是一封出国留学推荐信:
Department of International Business University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, Texas 76019 U.S.A.March 12, 2002
To Whom It May Concern,I am delighted to write this recommendation letter for Ms.Ma Yan, a brilliant student of mine, who has applied to your University for admission to graduate
program of International Business in the coming fall semester 2002.In the academic year 1997 – 2001, Ms.Ma Yan was in the class on International Finance and Foreign Trade Business under my instruction.Needless to say, the two courses demand prior study of, among other things, the English language.Ms.Ma Yan’s performance in my class was quite outstanding.From discussions, assignments and terminal exams, I could see that she had acquired extensive knowledge in the conduct of International Finance as well as Foreign Trade Business.As far as I know, Ms.Ma Yan has been highly successful in almost all the major courses she has taken in our Department.This demonstrates her superior scholastic capacity and her potential for further academic growth.As to her character and personality, in my personal opinion, she is indeed a courteous, pleasant and ambitious young lady.Furthermore, she has a warm personality with emotional maturity.With this good character, I would say that she will be able to get well along with people of different nationalities.Considering her a student of high potential, I recommend her most enthusiastically.Your assistance and kind consideration of her application will be highly appreciated.If further information about her is required, please do not hesitate to let me know.Yours sincerely,(Signature)Song Tao
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英文书信教案12-24
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