中西方婚俗文化对比

2024-08-15

中西方婚俗文化对比（精选8篇）

1.中西方婚俗文化对比篇一

中西方文化对比

1.中西方在出席时间的差异：

在中国,时间的多样化模式使人更倾向于“迟到”,在规定的时间半小时之后,甚至更晚才“姗姗来迟”。对于这种“迟到”现象主客双方都习以为常,并不将之视为对主人邀请的一种轻视或是一种不礼貌的行为。而西方国家中,正式的宴会要求准时到达,一般不超过10 分钟;否则将被视为不合礼仪,是对主人以及其他客人的不尊重。

2.在见面交往礼节方面的差异：

中国人见面时喜欢问去哪，吃饭了没，而西方人却认为，这是在侵犯他们的隐私，西方人对此感到很怪异。“吃了吗？”这是中国人在吃饭前后打招呼的常用语。西方人们分手时通常说Good-bye，Bye－bye，相当于中国人说“再见”。如有贵客或不大熟的人来访或串门儿，客人离开时，按中国的习惯，主人要把客人送到房门口或大门口。客人对主人说“请留步”，主人最后要说“走好”、“慢走”、“慢点儿骑（自行车）之类的客套话。而西方人微微一笑并作个表示再见的手势就可以了。

3.中西方对爱情的态度的差异

西方人受宗教文化的影响，他们认为爱情是神圣的、至上的。他们崇尚恋爱自由，恋爱双方的选择与婚姻，安全是以爱情为基础。而不论出身、门第、年龄、社会地位和其他因素。在中国，恋爱双方的选择，很多时候长辈会从中掺和，会考虑对方各个方面的条件。爱情相对比较物质，缺乏西方人的神圣。

4.中西方在餐桌礼仪上对女性态度的差异：

在中国,尤其是在古代,正式的宴席上根本看不到女性的身影,从而也就无需考虑女性位置的安排,这与中国传统文化的“男尊女卑”的思想是一致的。在西方“, 女士优先”是他们的传统文化观念,是社交活动中的重要礼仪规范。

5.婚礼服饰及色调比较

西方的婚礼的主色调是白色。在西方婚礼中,新娘一般都会一直穿着白色的婚纱，新郎则是穿着笔挺的西服。在西方的天主教传统里，白色代表着快乐，代表圣洁和忠贞。中国婚礼的主色调是红色，所谓“中国红”，这是中国传统的代表喜庆的颜色，新娘一般都穿红色的礼服，象征着吉祥如意，也祝愿着希望新婚的夫妇生活能够红红火火。

6.中西方对数字的差异

中国人不喜欢说4，觉得8非常吉利，而西方人不喜欢13。中国人视4为不吉利，因为与“死”同音；而在荷兰语中4却是个喜庆的数字，因为与荷兰语“庆祝”一词的发言相近。

7.中西方爱情表达方式的差异

西方的爱情在我们看来是热烈、开放、浪漫的，而中国的爱情相对是保守的。所以西方人表达爱情的方式也是尤为直接的，用直白的语言，用具体化的行动来表达爱意。在西方“我爱你”是可以很轻易的表达出来的。而在中国，就我们身边的父母而言，我们也很难听到这些字句的，爱的感情是在生活的点点滴滴中的。

8.对孩子基本态度的差异

中国家长受封建社会意识的长期影响，认为孩子是“自己”的，孩子是“不懂事”、“无责任感”的，对孩子负有全面的责任，所以要求孩子顺从、听话，听话的孩子才是“好孩子”，这束缚了孩子的自主意识和自我发展。西方国家家长普遍认为孩子从出生起就是一个独立的个体，有自己独立的意愿和个性，家长并没有支配和限制孩子的行为，一般也不替孩子做选择，家长是要孩子感到他是自己的主人，甚至在什么情况下对孩子说什么话，家长都要仔细思考，尊重和理解孩子的愿望和心理。

9.中西饮食对象的差异

西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的，所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。

10.中西方菜名的差异：

中国的很多菜名中往往包含了很多历史、文化的信息。如“东坡肉”,传说是根据宋代著名的大文豪苏东坡流传下来的食谱做成的;与之相比,西餐中的菜名要简单得多,往往一目了然。

以风靡全球的“肯德基”餐厅为例,光从店名就知道,这是一家炸鸡店;而店中的食品如炸鸡腿、香辣鸡翅、炸薯条、汉堡包,以及新近推出的墨西哥鸡肉卷、海鲜汤等,几乎无一不是以原料加上烹饪方法或地名来命名的。

2.中西方婚俗文化对比篇二

自古以来,婚姻是人伦之首,透过纷繁绚丽的婚俗,可以认识人类社会历史,探索人类社会发展的基本规律。在每一种社会文化中,都有举办婚礼的独特习俗。婚礼习俗是中西方文化的一个重要组成部分,也是中西方文化的具体体现。在对比研究中西方婚礼习俗的过程中, 我们能更加全面地了解中西方文化历史背景知识,培养人文精神和跨文化交际能力。更重要的是,在保持自身文化特色的原则下,我们可以吸收西方国家文化的优长, 促进本民族文化的发展和中外文化交流的开展。在现代多元文化背景下, 我们在借鉴外国优秀文化的同时,也要深入认识本民族文化特征,重视并保护和发扬我国的优秀传统文化。

中国传统婚俗讲究“六礼”。所谓的六礼,指纳彩、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。用现代汉语来解释,纳彩即择配,也就是俗话所说的“说媒”。问名,即所谓的“讨八字”。纳吉,指提亲,一般来说,男女双方的八字相合,得了吉兆之后,就认为婚姻可以成立。男方将这一事实告诉女家,谓之纳吉。纳征,即“送彩礼、送嫁妆”。请期,指择定娶亲的日期,就是俗话所说的“送日子”,娶亲日期要征得女方家同意,所以叫“请期”。亲迎,指娶亲,即正式举行结婚仪式。西方婚俗主要包含四个步骤,即建议、改姓、选期、举行婚礼。由于中西方在宗教信仰、文化根源、婚姻观念、地理位置等方面的巨大差异,其婚礼习俗大异其趣。通过比较这些差异, 我们可以发掘中西文化的深层意蕴。在中国封建社会传统文化中,等级宗法制度严明,人们社会等级观念浓厚。同时,中国深受儒家伦理观念的影响,人们十分注重寻找个人的集体归属感。西方社会深受希腊文明、希伯来文明和基督教文化的影响,推崇个人价值至上的价值观,强调个体之间的平等和自由,讲求“人身自由”和“民主平等”,个体意识强烈。

婚礼习俗的差异体现在各个方面, 其中婚礼服饰的差异尤其引人注目。中国在五千多年的历史发展中形成了独特的文化风俗,西方形成了具有自己特色的文化。在全球化冲击本土文化的历史潮流中, 中西方交流的加强和异质文化的碰撞与融合,使中西方风俗的差异日益缩减。历史上各民族服饰曾千差万别,特别是各国婚礼服饰特色鲜明,中国的婚礼服饰华丽、颜色鲜艳,同时又具有传统、朴素、保守、内向的特征。中国古代曾依“天玄”而采用黑色婚服,西方一以贯之的白色婚服有着浓重的宗教意味。这说明宗教信仰是中西婚礼习俗差异产生的重要原因之一。“宗教作为人类生活整个系统中的一种文化要素对婚姻事物和观念有着重大的影响, 透过作为婚姻缔结形式的婚礼习俗, 我们可以看出各大宗教或通过神圣的宗教婚礼或经由源远流长的教义对社会群体的婚姻观念和家庭生活产生了不可磨灭的影响”。虽然中西文化发展模式不同,宗教信仰内涵迥然相异,但是无论是基督教影响下的西方婚姻还是道德佛教理念渗透下的中国传统婚姻, 都选择用宗教话语权彰显其神圣性和重要性。

随着历史的发展和人类文明程度的不断提高,人们对于婚嫁中的各项细节越来越重视,婚礼习俗逐渐发展成为一种重要的礼仪。中西方婚俗是在漫长历史发展中沉淀下来的传统习俗,其区别最能反映各地区文化间的差异。有学者指出:“由于历史、宗教、地理、民主等诸多因素的影响 , 中西方不同地区形成了具有各自地方特色的婚礼习俗, 中国的传统婚礼是谨慎而严格的,西方基督教国家的婚礼是随意而轻松的。”这一论断有待斟酌。笔者认为, 西方基督教婚礼并不随意轻松,而中国现代婚礼则失之谨慎严格。

3.听英文歌，晓西方婚俗篇三

歌曲&乐队

今天要介绍的歌曲是来自英国911乐队的《我愿意》。911乐队成立于1995年。乐队成员是三个帅气的男孩，那时候他们都20岁左右。乐队成员希望有个独特且令人印象深刻的名字，因此就用了家喻户晓的美国报警电话——911，作为乐队名。流淌着的岁月见证了他们的实力和乐队名字一样不简单。他们的唱片总能引起轰动，一售而空。有十几首歌曾经登上冠军榜。

《我愿意》是来自专辑《点亮》中的一首歌，2014年发行。听到这首歌，许多911的粉丝情不自禁回想起乐队刚刚出道时的场景。

歌词&婚俗

在《我愿意》的歌词中，有这么几句话：“一些旧的，一些新的，一些借的，一些藍的，我将一直等在这里，直到你说，我愿意”。实际上，这里提到的正是西方的婚俗。

一些旧的：新娘要在婚礼上穿戴一些旧的东西。一般是母亲或者祖母曾经用过的头纱。现在也可以是家传的首饰。旧的东西代表着新娘与娘家不可分割的联系，表达了对父母的感恩。

一些新的：新娘在婚礼上一般穿新的婚纱，代表着全新的生活和希望。

一些借的：在婚礼上需要一些借来的东西，听来十分有趣。这是指新娘要向自己的闺蜜借一些东西，像是手帕或者珍珠手袋。借来的东西代表着和朋友之间永恒的友谊。

4.中西方饮食文化对比论文篇四

and Western Food Culture

系（部）：外语系专业班：姓名：学号：指导教师： 2011年 5 月

The Differences Between Chinese

and Western Food Culture 中西方饮食文化对比

Abstract

I important significance in Chinese food culture.It is not only in understanding the purpose of this fact in itself, but also it is more importantly and useful to guide our practice, based on the awareness-raising, improve food structure, get rid of food abuse, improve the food quality and guarantee people‟s needs, in this kind of way to promote Chinese dining culture.Key words: China and the west culture;difference;concept;comunication

摘要

随着经济全球化进一步发展，中西方联系越来越频繁。作为打开中西方人民交流的重要切入点，探讨中西方饮食差异变的十分重要。其意义在于既能有助于深刻理解中西方文化中的不同之处，跨越文化交流障碍，又能培养人们在跨文化交际时的适应能力，有效地避免交际双方由于文化差异而产生的误会。因此，分析和研究中西方饮食文化的差异对中国的饮食文化而言具有很重要的意义。此外，它有助于指导我们的实践。但是不言而喻中西美食的差异与社会文化的发展密切相关。文化是人们在长期的社会生活中生活方式凝聚起来的总称，其中生活方式又包括思维方式和行为方式，虽然文化具有普遍性特征，但它最根本的特点是以血缘和地缘关系为基础，以名族为单位形成的整体。饮食文化，同样以名族为单位，当一个民族形成了固定的饮食习惯，饮食技巧和饮食观念后，便构成了一种文化。这也与中国和西方的不同地理和历史条件息息相关，毕竟不同的文化反映不同的生活方式。

本文将从以下五个方面来说明中西文化的差异，它具体体现在饮食观念的差异、饮食内容的差异、饮食方式的差异以及不同的餐桌礼仪等。而本文不仅探讨了中西方饮食文化上的差异，更简要分析了造成这一差异的原因。除此之外，本文还以美国的餐桌文化给出了一些例子，例如，面包盘是在主盘的左边，饮料在主盘的右边；沙拉叉、刀和汤匙要比主菜刀、叉、勺放的要远；甜点餐具上方放置或随主板送达。一般吃东西的时候嘴巴紧闭；不要在餐桌上咳嗽、打喷嚏或在餐桌上吹鼻子等或者过分大声说话。总之，分析和研究中西方饮食文化的差异对中国的饮食文化具有很重要的意义。它不仅在于了解这一事实本身，更重要的是用它来知道我们的实践活动，在提高认识的基础上，改善食品结构，革除餐饮弊端，提高餐饮质量，保证人们的生活需要，弘扬中华文化的餐饮文化。

关键词：中西方饮食文化；差异；观念；交流

III

Contents

1.Introduction--------------------1 2.The differences between Chinese and Western food culture--------------------------3 2.1 The difference between Chinese and Western food objects--------------------------4 2.2 The difference in diet concept----------------------------6 2.3.Differences in dietary patterns-----------------------------9 2.4 The different utensils and etiquette----------------------11 2.5 Differences in diet attribution-----------------------------13 3.Nature of the differences between Chinese and Western food-----------------------16 4.Conclusion--------------------17 Acknowledgements--------------19 References------------------------20

IV 1． Introduction

With the development of the economic globalization, China and the western countries are connected with each other more tightly and frequently.As an important entry point for people to exchange, food culture plays a very important role.The differences between Chinese and western food have a lot to do with the social and culture development.Culture is a kind of lifestyle that gathered together in a long time in the social life.And the life style including the ways of thinking and behavior.Although it has the universal features, it is also has the fundamental characteristics of the blood and geographic relationship, based on the formation of the nation as a whole unit.Food culture, the same to the nation as a unit, when a nation formed a fixed diet habit, diet tips and diet ideas, then become a culture.It is connected with the different geographical and historical conditions of China and the west.After all different cultures reflect different lifestyles.In fact, food culture refers to the diet and lifestyle formed under certain historical or social conditions as well as the ideology formed on the basis of the aforesaid.During the history development of different countries and ethnic groups, different behavior patterns and lifestyles formed because the natural conditions and social environments were different.That is what people often refer to as customs.From the point of view of social observation and cultural study, the food culture of an ethnic group can fully embody its mentality, interest, belief and historical development.So, food culture can be seen as the most typical cultural feature of this ethnic group.The development and changes of food culture often reflect the evolution and progress of the society.The differences between Chinese culture and Western culture brought about the difference between their respective food cultures.Under two under different cultural backgrounds, obvious differences exist between Chinese food culture and western food culture, including perception, feature and the methods and materials.Therefore, it becomes very important to explore the differences between Chinese and western food.It can not only help us have a better understanding of the different culture between China and the west and come across cultural barriers, but also can train people‟s adaptability of the communication in cross-cultural, effectively avoided the cultural misunderstanding when we have a communication.So analyzing and researching in the Western diet and cultural differences has a very important significance in Chinese food culture.It is very important to understand the differences.Moreover, it is useful to guide our practice when communicating with foreign friends.This paper tries to have inquiries into the difference from five aspects.It specifically expresses at the difference between Chinese and Western food objects,the difference in diet concept, differences in dietary patterns, the different utensils and etiquette, and differences in diet attribution.And this paper discusses the main characteristics the differences between Chinese and western food culture and the reasons for the differences.After that the paper has given the table manners of American as a example, such as bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage glasses are to the right;salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from the main plate than the main course knife, fork and spoon;dessert utensils are either placed above the main plate or served with dessert.General Behavior: Chew with your mouth closed.Do not talk at an excessively loud volume.Refrain from coughing, sneezing or blowing nose at the table and so on.In short, analyzing and researching in the Western diet and cultural differences has a very important significance in Chinese food culture.It is not only in understanding the purpose of this fact in itself, but also it is more importantly and useful to guide our practice, based on the awareness-raising, improve food structure, get rid of food abuse, improve the food quality and guarantee people‟s needs, in this kind of way to promote Chinese dining culture.2.The differences between Chinese and Western food culture

Once there is a saying that “Food is eating well-deserved for human life”, so food is an indispensable condition for the survival and development of human beings.There are two desires in life: one is feasting them to survive;and the other is the lust of men and women, which can help the mankind to carry on the family line.Facing the two desires, China pays more attention to the former, while the west tends to the latter.Such phenomenon affects the cultural trend.Diet is actually the contents of our daily lives, but why we call it culture? That is because the diet has special status in Chinese culture, and it also has a great distinction between China and the west.As one of the world ancient nations, China‟s diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization.But in western countries, ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the Chinese philosophers did, and there is even not aware of it to the “heaven” degree.With the opposite, they recognized and interpreted the world in the perspective of the lust or love of men and women more.Whether the awareness of original sin of Christianity, Adam and Eve legend, or ancient Greek philosophy(such as Plato‟s dialogue)who considered the personal relationships “love” as the love of ontology of beauty, and regarded it as a reality thinking of philosophy, all these ideas become the basis of western philosophers‟ cultural thoughts.All these had potential effects on the development of western culture and westerners‟ characters.Receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the Chinese and western dietary culture has had different characteristics.The differences in concepts, targets, patterns, attribution and nature had reflected the different dietary culture in the different state characteristic;such characteristic has enriched the research value of dietary culture.Studying these cultural differences, we can find out a joint enhancing the communication between China and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject.It may be a great help to the communication of the Chinese and western cultures.The dining product as a result of factor and so on region characteristic, climatic environment, manners and customs influences, will appear in raw material, the taste, the cooking method, the food habit varying degree difference.Was precisely because of these differences, the dining product had the intense localization.Between China and the West culture‟s difference has accomplished China and the West diet culture difference, but this kind of difference and gets along with people the philosophy from the West different thinking mode.The Chinese pays great attention “the beauty to unite”, the westerner pays great attention “humanist”.2.1The difference between Chinese and Western food objects

All diet cannot be done without vegetables.The word “dish” is for the sound in China, and it always has something to do with the plants.According to a survey of western plants scholar, there are 600 varieties of vegetables, six times more than in the west.In fact, the Chinese dishes, vegetable dish is usual food.Meat dish entered the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards, so since ancient times, and there was a saying of “fresh vegetables”.“Common people eat fresh vegetables, fish only offered in the worship.” It is said that fresh vegetables are mainly to the civilian in general, only being able to eat meat only in worship.Vegetarian diet takes the dominant position in the normal structure.Chinese people consider the vegetables as the main dish;it has inextricably linked with the advocacy of Buddhists.They deem animals as “people” and plants have “no soul.” So, they advocate vegetarianism.Westerners do not seem to have such a good habit.They uphold a cultural origin of nomadic, seafaring nation.Living mainly by fishing and hunting, collection and planting are just the complement.There are more meat dishes in their lives.Feeding, clothing, and using are taken from the animals, and even Western medicine is derived from animals.When the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries, they always feel that their diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than China.The food industry is more developed, such as cans, fast food, although the taste is monotonous, but it saves time, and it also has good nutrition.Therefore, in their countries: people are generally healthier and taller than Chinese, and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles;but Chinese people look short, their shoulders narrow and legs thin, their skin yellow and their body weak.The differences between Chinese and western food for Westerners to judge the merits of the two diet is not justified.Mr.Sun Yat-sen had profound study of the culture of food and incisive exposition.In his composing The Scheme for National Reconstruction, detailing the differences between Chinese and Western diet phenomenon, he concludes: “Chinese ordinary people drink green tea, and eat simple food such as vegetables and tofu for meal.Such kinds of food are the most healthy and beneficial according to the research of hygienist.Therefore, the remote people in china, whose diet are far from meat and wine, always live a long life.Also China has a big population, and Chinese people have enormous power to resist disease, but they never try the non-diet.“He added:” The Chinese vegetarians all eat tofu.Tofu is expected as the real meat in plants, as it has the nutrition that meat has.It is the meat without toxic materials.So the Chinese are vegetarian used to be a custom without the promotion of scholars.It is also a custom that the European and American drink thick Wine, eat meat and fish.So there was science promotion before and a severe law later, such as the United States Prohibition.And the transfer will not carry out in a short time.“Mr.Sun‟s words tell out the scientific benefits of Chinese diet and disadvantages of Western diet.According to the characteristics of the significant differences between Chinese and Western diet targets, the Chinese character is called the plant character, while the Westerners‟ is animal character.In response to the cultural behaviors, Westerners love adventure, exploration, conflict;but the Chinese people only like to live banally.According to American expert on folklore Ruth‟s opinions on the “cultural pattern” theory, Chinese culture is quite similar to the classical world Apollo-type character and Westerners‟ is similar to the modern world Faust-type.Indeed, the Westerners such as Americans in the development of the west, they put the whole family on the truck, and go out of the city in amid rumbling with the supplies.The Chinese people are always thinking about “home” and “roots”, despite the promotion that young people should take the world as home.But after a few decades, the overseas Chinese will come back to the mainland with crutch to seek their roots.This concept of return and such human spirit that can only be said to cooperate with the accumulation in the diet.Then it brings cohesiveness to the Chinese nation and then makes the human folk full of energy.Westerners think the food can make them feel full.therefore, eats large piece of meat;and Chinese cuisine is the “Taste” of it.Therefore, China is also showing great cooking in the random selected materials: many Westerners as something thrown away, are excellent raw materials in China, foreign chefs can not handle things the hands of a chef in China to can be miraculous.Demonstration of Chinese food in the materials used for the extensive arbitrary.West China is more than reasonable with emphasis on nutrition, there are more developed in the food industry, such as canned food, fast food, etc., although the taste is monotonous, but to save time, and good nutrition.Therefore, the body of their country than the Chinese people generally robust: tall, long legs, broad shoulders, muscular.The westerner thought that the cooked food is appeases hunger, therefore eats the bulk meat, the entire block chicken specially and so on “the hard vegetable”.But China‟s cooked food is “eats the taste”, therefore China cooks on the needed materials also appears the enormous capriciousness: Many westerners regard as abandons the things, in China is the extremely good raw material, the foreign chef is unable the thing which processes, as soon as arrives in the Chinese chef hand, may melt mysteriously decayed.Indicates the Chinese diet in needed materials aspectvastness capriciousness.Today people in the UK eat a more varied diet than ever before.As well as the regional diets of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland the many immigrant communities have introduced their cuisines to the previously unadventurous Britons: Chinese, Greek, Indian, Italian, Thai, American fast foods such as pizza, hamburgers and fried chicken have to some extent displaced the traditional fast food of fish and chips.Because of the climate and the Germanic origins of many of its early people, the UK has been a traditionally beer drinking rather than a wine drinking country.Nevertheless, in recent years, vineyards in the south of England have proved successful.In the west of England the traditional drink is cider, rather than beer.Over Britain as a whole, however, the traditional drink is tea.2.2 The difference in diet concept

The differences between Chinese and western diet cannot be ignored.Nobody will deny that the Western diet is a rational concept, regardless of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be assured.It cares about the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day.Comparing with the Chinese diet, western diet tastes stereotyped, as simple as chewing the candle, but the sense tells them: We must eat them all because of the nutrition.And then they put it bluntly, just like refueling machine.The concept of western diet is compatible with the whole western philosophy.Metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy.Such kind of philosophy brings vitality to western culture, so the natural sciences, psychology and methodology achieve a rapid development.In some other aspects, such philosophy proposition is a significantly obstacle, such as the dietary culture, which is the inevitable thing to drop behind, and just the metaphysics of methodology marks everywhere.In celebration, it stresses tableware, stresses the staple, stresses the servings, and stresses the color and shape mix of raw materials.But no matter how luxurious the grade is;from Los Angeles to New York, only one taste of steak, it is no art to speak of.And as dishes, the chicken is chicken;steak is steak, even in groups, which are also conducted in a shallow dish.In a dish of “French Muttonchops”, one side is potato mud, and muttonchops sits next to it, another side is allocation of cooking beans, and plus a few tablets of tomato.Color is on clear, but the tastes of the various materials are separated, not to reconcile, and the entire flavor is also simple and clear.Chinese diet is a sense of beauty diet.When people sample dishes, they often say this dish is “delicious”, and that dish is “not delicious”.But if you ask what is meant by “delicious”, why “tasty” and what are the aspects of “delicious”, I am afraid that it will be difficult to answer.This shows that which Chinese people hanker on a diet is just the “mood” that is difficult for one to say anything.Even using the “color, flavor, shape and implement “which people often said to make the” realm “reification, I am afraid it is still difficult to crown all.The beauty pursuit of Chinese cuisine is clearly overriding the rational pursuit.This concept of diet is also coinciding with the traditional Chinese philosophy.Chinese philosophy as a representative of oriental philosophy, its distinguishing features is the macro, visual, vague and evasive.Chinese cooking method is to reconcile, and the ultimate goal is to reconcile out of a beautiful taste.The main stress is measure and the overall co-ordination.It contains a wealth of dialectics of Chinese philosophy, and all these depend on the degree of the wonderful flavor and harmony of dish.The ever-changing within degrees decides the changeable of Chinese food, and it also decides the characteristics of Chinese food as well as the characteristics on each of the chefs.Chinese pay great attention to “the taste” of the food, while the Westerns has a kind of rational diet idea.No matter food color, smell and tastes, shape how, but the nutrition needs certainly to obtain the guarantee, is fastidious about one day to absorb how many quantity of heat, Vitamin, protein and so on.Even if the taste is stereotyped, must certainly eat, because has the nutrition.This diet idea is adapts with the Western entire philosophy system.Metaphysics is the Western philosophy main feature.The western philosophy studies the object principle of for the thing, principle of the thing often is the metaphysics principle, the metaphysics principle links up mutually, in constipation forming philosophy.This philosophy the culture brings the vitality for the West, caused it in the natural sciences, the psychology, the methodology to realize the development which progressed by leaps and bounds.But in another some aspects, this philosophy advocated that the big earth played the hindrance role, like diet culture.At the banquet, may be fastidious about the tableware, is fastidious about the needed materials, is fastidious about the service, is fastidious about raw material of the vegetable shape, color aspect matching;But no matter how luxurious upscale, from Los Angeles to New York, the beefsteak only then one kind of flavor, does not have art to be possible to say.As the cooked food, the chicken is the chicken, the beefsteak is a beefsteak, even if has matching, that is also carries on the plate, “the Buddhist ritual procedures mutton chop”, puts the mashed potatoes at the same time, side relies on the mutton chop, in addition matches at the same time boils the green beans, adds several piece of tomato then to become.In the color contrasts distinctively, but each raw material is mutually irrelevant in the taste, is well distributed, each is each taste, simple perspicuity.The Chinese is takes seriously “to eat” very much, “the food is what matters to the people” this proverb showed that we eat look equally and the day are important.Because our nationality for several thousand years are in the low productive forces level, the people always cannot eat to the full, therefore only will then have one kind uniquely to eat can regard in all diet culture, I thought that this will be probably stems from one kind of survival to need.If one culture eats regards as the most important matter, will then present two kind of phenomena: On the one hand will eat this kind the function will display the acme, not only maintenance survival, also will use its health maintenance, this will also be” uses medicines to build up one‟s health was inferior the food will make up”cultural base;On the other hand, to eats excessive takes seriously, will cause the human to esteem to the delicacy the pursue.In China‟s cookery, achieves the acme nearly to the delicacy pursue, down to makes a living the Chinese to the overseas, take the restaurant as industry, has become us the basis which settles down and gets on with life in the world!It is a pity, when we take the pursue delicacy the first request, we have actually neglected food most basic nutritional value, our many traditional food must pass through overheated fries in oil boils with the long time soft fire dumpling, causes the cooked food the nutrient content to receive the destruction, many nutrient contents lost in the processing process.Therefore as soon as speaks of the nutrition question, in fact touched the Chinese diet culture biggest weakness.The folk has a slang: “the food is what matters to the people, the food take the taste as first”.Is this kind to the delicacy the pursue, poured causes us to neglect the real sense which ate meal.The Chinese when tastes the cooked food, often will say that this TV dinner “delicious”, that vegetable “is not delicious”;However if further asked that anything calls “delicious”, why “delicious”, “delicious” in where, was not perhaps easy to talk clearly.This indicated that what Chinese to diet pursue is one kind explains “the ideal condition” with difficulty, even if is usually called “the color, smell and tastes with the people, the shape,” to come this kind “the boundary” the concrete application, perhaps was still very difficult to cover.the reason that the China diet has its unique charm, the key lies in its taste.But the delicacy production, lies in well distributed, must make food this taste, heats up the later ripe taste, in addition the ingredient and the supplementary material taste as well as the seasoning compromise the taste, interweaves the fusion coordinated in the same place, causes it to supplement mutually, the cooperation seepage, is in perfect harmony, in you have me, in me has you.The Chinese cooking is fastidious compromises the beauty, is the Chinese cooking art concise place.A vegetable shape and the color are the external things, but the taste is actually the intrinsic thing, heavy intrinsic, but decorates the semblance not desirably, but the heavy cooked food‟s taste exposes the cooked food not excessively the shape and the color, this is precisely the Chinese US diet view most important performance.In China, the diet beautiful pursue has crushed the rationality obviously, this kind of diet view and the Chinese tradition‟s philosophic thinking also tallies.As Eastern philosophy representative‟s Chinese philosophy, its outstanding feature is macroscopic, direct-viewing, is fuzzy and is evasive.The Chinese dish manufacture method is the well distributed large ding, is finally must compromise one happy taste.This is fastidious is a discretion, is the overall coordination.It has contained the Chinese philosophy rich diagnostic method thought that all take the vegetable taste happy, harmonized ever changing as, within had decided Chinese dish enriching and was rich in the change, has decided the Chinese dish vegetable department‟s characteristic and even each chef‟s characteristic.2.3 Differences in dietary patterns The Chinese and Western dietary patterns can be very different, and these differences affect the national character.In China, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast.Banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere.Cate are in the center of the table.It is the objects for people to appreciate and taste, and it is also an intermediate of communication.People toast each other and share the vegetables, which reflect the mutual respect between people in the face of the good things, also show the virtues of comity.Although from the health point of view, this approach has obvious deficiencies, but it is in our national “happy” mentality, it reflects the classical Chinese philosophy area of “and” impact for future generations.It is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to reform.The western-style banquets, although the food and wine are very important, but in fact they are just foil.The core of Banquet is friendship, by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation.If making an analogous compare between the recreation of the banquets and dancing, it may be said that the Chinese banquet is like group dance, and the western banquet is like men and women dancing.This shows that communication purpose of Chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious.Only the Chinese banquet is more popular in the communion, but western banquet shows guests reflected in the friendship between neighbors.The more obvious differences between Chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the West.This method is to display all food, and everybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat.They walk freely.This approach would provide the emotional interaction between individuals;they never need to put every word on the table.This also shows a western personality and self-respect.However, all the eating without jamming lacks the real affective tone like the Chinese people.Some people want to put the buffet in the Chinese food, but I think it is not feasible.Zhang Qijun in the Principles of Cooking tells us the main reason: “First, buffet is not like drinking tea.Drinking tea is just the thing to you before you choose, and displayed in the cafeteria there is a large number of food to eat, so when you want to have it, it is cold yet.Chinese cuisine will serve hot, if cold, nothing to eat.Secondly, buffet dishes only can do hard dishes and beneficial dishes.Then you can access for large plots.And those most representative of the Chinese culinary arts, such as the tender and lighter dishes, are not in this show.Third, the buffet can do stewing pot;it means a big pot in terms of food.Any sophisticated cooking of a dish can only be cooked in a pot at two most, and it is not able to cook the dish for dozens of people.So it will not be delicious, never talking of the taste.Under such circumstances, it is clear that the use of buffet dinner will deny Chinese culinary arts.“The Chinese people are drinking around the table to show harmony and unity, but the buffet has broken such pattern.It raises the personal independence and self-mentioned at the first place.This is the opposite of the scale of the great unity of all Chinese traditional culture.2.4 The different utensils and etiquette

2.4.1 Cutlery to use

Chopsticks and knife and fork is the basic difference between Chinese and Western table manners.Zhejiang University, Professor Yu Xiu ling: East and West appear chopsticks and knife and fork eating the different tools and environment relationship.Bamboo chopsticks to have originated in the place.Northern China

wood, bamboo from southern China, ancestors from local materials, bamboo and wood have become the most primitive materials chopsticks chopsticks.The

emergence of a knife and fork than chopsticks much later.According to research by Professor Yu Xiu Ling, the original knife and fork and European origin living in ancient nomadic habits, they immediately carry knives of life, often cooked the meat, cut off to eat.About 15 centuries before and after the meal in order to improve posture, Europeans used the double-pointed cross.To the 18th century only the tip of a fork with four forks.Knife and fork and chopsticks, not only brought different eating habits, also affected the Eastern and Western concepts in life.Professor Yu Xiu Ling, eating into the system will inevitably bring a knife and fork, and chopsticks sitting around the table with family members must dine match.Beginning point of Western food, which derived from the West pay attention to independent, children grow up into the world after the independence of ideas and habits.The chopsticks brought together meals daily, highlighting the young and old sat together in the family unit, so that Asians have a relatively strong family values.When I reminded in the use of Chinese and Western dishes have different specifications.If not play with chopsticks when eating Chinese food(to them when the drumstick is a very rude way), but can not use chopsticks pointing to the person or make gestures.Of course, absolutely can not suck or the chopsticks chopsticks inserted in the rice, which is taboo(which seems to funeral incense is considered unlucky.)When using the knife and fork there are some taboos.Such as holding a knife and fork when not meddling.To speak or talk, knife and fork on the plate should only decency.Avoid using their own utensils for others bowl.Do not bend over picking up utensils fall.Do not cut off a good meal products, especially products with a soup meal, to eat a piece-by-all and more.2.4.2 Seating arrangements Western formal banquets are particular about the seating arrangements.Traditional Chinese dinner with square table.Door is on both sides of the partial blocks.Treat, the elderly, people with high status of the guest of honor sit or seat, men and women who sat down the owner or Peiqia Block, and the remaining customers in order to sit side seat.Westerners treat with a long table, men and women sit in the owner at both ends, then the guest of honor men and women and the general order of the guests seating arrangements, that men and women interspersed arrangement, subject to seat the hostess, the guest of honor sitting in the top right of the hostess, Main Binfu the top right of man of the house to sit, pay attention to “ladies first” Western gentleman, will show the attentions of the ladies.In China, respect for the left and right for the times;on respect, under second;in respect, partial for the times.In the West, respect for the right, left for the times.I particularly Western seat etiquette tips: The most graceful way is seated from the left seat.Do not put your elbows on the desktop, not Rocker foot.Can not withdraw in the middle of the meal(if things do need to leave should be whispered about greeting guests.)Dinner, sit up straight, back straight, neck elongation.Depend on the upper arm and back to back, abdomen, and a table for about a fist distance.Remember to head high with food, in the face of the food into the mouth, it is necessary to the food to the mouth to mouth opinions on the food rather than bent.2.4.3 Dining atmosphere Trouble on the table of Chinese and Western food on the table is static and the most fundamental difference between Chinese and Western table manners.Table climate differences, the Chinese table action, the Western table static.Chinese food for life to matter to music, show and great, the atmosphere of excitement is often breathtaking.Chinese people get a table, then in full flight, with each other for food, drinks upon, enjoy, delicacies, delicious cuisine.Banquet this way in order to reflect the enthusiasm and sincerity the owner, the table reflects the excitement of patrons from the heart‟s delight.This “trouble” to some extent reflects the Chinese family from the warm, neighborhood harmony, unity and people‟s “Harmony.” Westerners have a table to sit quietly dedicated to cutting their own dinner.Soup can not make noise, such as hot soup can be cooled before eating, do not blow through your mouth.Shut up when eating chewing.Do not lick their lips or smack sound.Guests can dine and talk about, but not only with a few acquaintances talk.If guests do not know about, they may first introduce myself.Others can not take the mouth interrupted his speech.Keep the volume level of the other party can hear.Chewing of food do not speak, even if someone speak to you, have to wait to answer after swallowing.2.5 Differences in diet attribution There are differences between Chinese and western diet attribution.Western diet tends to be scientific and rational, but the Chinese diet tends to be art and sentimental.During the underdevelopment era of diet, these two trends have only one aim – to live and never be hungry.And when the dietary culture is full developed, the tendency is shown in this different purpose: the former is in the development of nutrition, the latter is expressed as the stress on the flavor.Cooking is from diet;the origin of food is a life-sustaining nutrition.Therefore, the focus of western diet is only the extension of the original diet practicality.The emphasis on the flavor of Chinese cuisine caters the diet to the arts field.Mencius said: “Flavor in the mouth has the same interests”.“Interests” points out the key from nutrition to arts.Such interests are from the meaning of flavor.In China, eating is not meant to have enough.It is about nutrition.Sometimes we eat though we are full.We are overloaded with food.Why? Saying bluntly, it is to appreciate the art of cooking;and not saying it nicely, it is the temptation of “delicious” for the enjoyment of taste.Watching the rational diet in the west, it is not only waste, but also harmful to the men body.In fact, the herbalist doctors are also opposed to overeat, claiming “dietary restraint”.But the dialectics tell us Chinese people, occasionally the “overload” and once we are comfortable, we can absorb and store.Qigong masters at the situation of non-eat and non-drink at home is still in good spirits, although their weight loses, but it is intact on the human body;and it is the consumption of such storage.Herbalist doctor also advocates winter nutrition.It is also in order to store for keeping energy in the coming year.Chinese people‟s views are more dialectical than the western diet propositions opposing overloaded stubbornly.It is closer to the science truth, and has been checked up for thousands of Chinese medicine practice.Psychologists Spinoza said: “The desire is human nature than other.” The human desire for delicious is the nature of human beings which is fully reflected.In process of the taste enjoyment, it is imbued with the shares of élan vital.Life should not be a yoke, but also not be a repressed desire.We can not use the absolute reason to regulate the behavior of all people.On the diet, it is not the purpose of “science” and “nutrition” and some delicious are excluded from the table outside.Only delicious things can satisfy people‟s appetite and then give the arrival of physical and mental pleasure.Chinese diet shows the transformation about sentimental form to rational form from the old days till now, and cause the Chinese dietary culture brimming with imagination and creativity.The sensibility of Chinese culinary culture is a sublime sensibility, infiltrating rational sense, also the realization of the nature of life.In addition, gustatory enjoyment is one of the main objectives pursued of the human struggle.The art of Chinese cuisine is compatible with the development of human history in the process, more scientific than the progress of the western diet.As Zhang Qijun in his work Cooking Principles said: “The United States is unprecedented least affluent society, but till today, in essence it is still „food to eat‟ stage.There are still some distances from entering the realm of art.” In China, The role of diet goes beyond the subsistence of existence, which is designed not only to have the physical presence, but also to meet people‟s spiritual needs for pleasure.It is positive to enrich people‟s life performance, and fine arts, music, literature, etc.which have the same level of significance to the improvement of life.Chinese diet tends to artistry, the so-called art realm.In fact, that is a complete leap from the necessity to freedom.It is characterized by randomness.For example, similar dishes, because of the differences in area, season, target, function and grade, it has different treatments on operation.Set braised fish for example, in winter deep colors are advised and tastes are advised strongly, but in summer it should be light color and flavor.And for the people in Zhejiang province, their dishes can be put up more sugar in the braised fish, and if facing Chuanxiang customers it should allocate spicy.It easy to see that if out of the arbitrary, there would be no cooking variety;we will lose the unique charm of Chinese cuisine.Whereas in the west, dishes in different areas and different seasons and facing different customers, is the same flavor, no changes.Although it is the most valuable banquet, which is just tableware known, conducted layout, and the vegetables remain the same as before.Moreover, as for materials, westerners think the food is to eat, eating special “hard vegetables” such as large piece of meat, chicken block.China‟s cuisine is “taste”.The Chinese cooking in materials has shown tremendous arbitrariness: The things which many, many westerners consider as disposable things in China are excellent raw materials.Foreign cooks are not able to deal with things, but in the hands of a Chinese chef, it can get a magic result.Chinese cuisine is evident in the wide use of materials.Besides skills, an excellent cook, of course, can do more complicated dishes.But facing the real simple materials and condiments, the cooks are often able to produce delicious flavors.It is the arbitrariness of skills.In the surface, the menu seems to be scientific.Westerners always use menu to buy ingredients to produce dishes, but in comparison, it is the machinery, and often powerless facing the complex specific situation.Of course, this mechanical science is still can be said as science, but it is primitive science, and it is not the complete science.Chinese cooking talks about artistry, but it still fit the requirements among the ever-changing, it can be said such science is a real science.The characters of western food which lacks nutrition and artistic atmosphere have great distinction from the artistic realm of Chinese cuisine.3.Nature of the differences between Chinese and Western food

Differences in the nature of the Chinese and western diet are inosculated with the respective lifestyle and the pace of life.In the west, people do the duplication of pipeline operations, and implement piece-wage system, so the paces of their lives are so fast.People fall under the mechanical method either intentionally or unintentionally, and believe that “Work is work, and game is game.” Mechanical lives led to oneness of diet or a single blind about diet, and eat beefsteak and potatoes every day.Monotonous diet is the same as work, for which the purposes is to fulfill the “incident”, naturally with no interests, and all these have no word in terms of taste.But China is not, “The game is work, and the work is of a game”.Such life manner is also emerged in diet.A baker sells bread in the street, he likes using the rolling pole to beat the chopping board rhythmically when they knead flour.When the cooks fry a dish, even beating scoop, they also care the sense of rhythm during cooking.These would not work for any conveniences, but it increases the interests of workers.Only in such an atmosphere work will be meaningful, and it will have more creativity and artistry of Chinese cuisine.There still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures.But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the “KFC” “DICOS”, “McDonald”.This marks a new western dietary culture exchanges and infiltration.We believe that with the development of society, the cultural differences between Chinese and western dietary will no longer be the difference.4.Conclusion

Diet is absolutely necessary in the life of mankind, and even in the existence or development.Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural traditions, the Chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, target, pattern, attribution and nature.We study these differences and then find out the points that can be digested, in order to facilitate the communication about cultures between China and the west.Western culture(in particular, modern American culture)can be said to be male and female culture.But the Chinese culture can be said to be a dietary culture.“As the reason of the cultural traditions, the western lives tend to men and women , Chinese people are dumping guidance on life in the restaurants.Thus the diet is rich in culture.Food culture in the west is not developed enough, but this underdevelopment itself is the result of the development of a culture, so it is still significant to study the dietary cultures of Chinese and Western diet.By the analysis of the differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of China and the west.And we can also improve and create the culture of China.In short, analyzing and researching in the Western diet and cultural differences has a very important significance in Chinese food culture.It is not only in understanding the purpose of this fact in itself, but also it is more importantly and useful to guide our practice, based on the awareness-raising, improve food structure, get rid of food abuse, improve the food quality and guarantee people‟s needs, in this kind of way to promote Chinese dining culture.By the text from this thesis, we can easily find that there still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures.But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the “KFC” “DICOS”, “McDonald”.These mark a new western food culture exchanges and infiltration.The impact brought about by economic globalization is stronger and deeper than the internationalization.Economic globalization is a double-edged sword, on one hand, it brings the vitality of economic growth, and on the other hand, the dominant culture is put into other countries through strong economic and infiltrated every corner of the globe.Therefore, the cultural communication focus on how to assimilate advantages of the other countries‟ culture, abandon its shortcoming, and learn how to transform and make it localized, all countries need to study the issue.So in the face of the dietary cultural exchange problems between China and the West, we should find each other‟s advantages and draw the mutual advantages, as China can learn from the point that western diet stresses nutrition match, and make the Chinese cuisine more outstanding.China is a country with an ancient culture and is rich in cultural traditions.She feeds the 1.3 billion Chinese people, and Chinese culture is very inclusive;in the course of development it absorbs a lot of different cultures.Moreover, now China does more efforts to draw all the outstanding achievements in the World.China‟s reform and opening up policy create the conditions on international relations and cultural exchanges.We need to use such an opportunity to absorb the excellent cultures from other countries, to develop and create China‟s new culture.Acknowledgements

My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Miss Tu Huiqin, my supervisors, for her constant encouragement and guidance.I would not have survived all work without the constant support that she gave me.She has walked with me through the first stage of writing this paper.Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this paper would not have reached its present form.I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to all my teachers at the English Department.Thanks to their instructive guidance and comprehensive education during the four year‟s college life, I can acquire the opportunity to further study my English.References

[1] Hall, E.T.Beyond Culture [M].New York: Anchor Book, 1989.[2] Yu zhi yuan.English-Speaking Countries: A Survey [M].Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2005.[3] Bourdain, Anthony.A Cook’s Tour [M].London: Bloomsbury, 2002.[4] Neuliep, J.W.Intercultural Communication: A Context Approach [M].Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000.[5] Prosser.The Cultural Dialogue: An Introduction to Intercultural Communication [M].Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978.[6] 金炳镐.民族理论通论[M].北京:中央民族大学出版社.1994.[7] 徐先玲,李祖状.中国饮食文化[M].北京：中国戏剧出版社.2005.[8] 殷珍泉.礼仪有学问[M].北京：北京台海出版社.2002.[9] 张起钧.烹饪原理[M].北京: 中国轻工业出版社.2000.[10] 安静.解读美国[M].北京：中国旅游出版社.2007.[11] 陈洁.得心应手---西餐礼仪[M].北京：世界知识出版社.2005.[12] 刘枋.吃的艺术[M].山东:山东画报出版社.2003．

5.中西企业文化对比篇五

【摘要】企业文化是企业生存与发展的根源。在当前经济全球化，区域经济一体化的背景下中国与世界的经济贸易往来更加频繁，西方的企业文化也越来越多的受到中国企业的关注。处于国际进程中的中国企业，应当更加注重中西企业文化的对比，通过借鉴和融合，形成具有鲜明特色的中国企业文化理念。

【关键词】企业文化文化对比文化差异文化融合

企业文化被普遍认同为具有广义和狭义两种解释。其中广义的企业文化是指企业在长期生产经营过程中形成的、具有本企业特色的物质财富和精神财富的总和。狭义的企业文化是指企业培育的被绝大多数员工认同的价值理念、道德规范、行为准则、共同理想与企业精神。在后现代社会的今天，涵盖物质文化、行为文化、制度文化和精神文化的企业文化已经无可争议的成为企业生存与发展的基石。[1]

一方面，在经济全球化的背景下，越来越多的中国企业通过自身不断的努力，已经走出国门，走向世界。另一方面，西方是企业文化理论的发源地，无论在企业文化的理论方面，还是实践方面都走在世界前列。中国企业理当注重中西企业文化对比，通过借鉴和融合，不断推进企业文化建设，创造出优秀的企业文化，从而促使企业自身更好更快发展。1 中西企业文化对比 1.1 价值观的不同

价值观是一个国家区别于另一个国家最显著的方面。同时，价值观亦是文化结构的重要组成部分。正是由于价值观的不同，才造成了中西方企业文化的巨大差异。西方企业文化鼓励员工不断提高绩效，鼓励员工创新、冒险和竞争。中国传统企业文化倡导“以义生利，义利合一”，“重情义，轻规范”。因此，中国的企业员工团结互助、有大局意识和群体意识。1.2 管理的不同

西方企业管理表现为以“法理”为中心，重视制度管理和条例管理，在企业日常管理中特别强调制度和条例建设，严格按照规则办事。中国企业管理以“人情”为特质，深受儒家文化影响，注重和谐共生的人际关系。无论是在奖惩问题上还是在员工职位升降问题上都存在很大的弹性，人为因素较大。同时，由于受到“君臣关系”的影响，中国的权力等级关系更复杂。高层管理者会有更多的权力，中低层管理者与西方同等级的管理者相比较而言被授予的权力较小。[2] 1.3 行为方式的不同

中西文化行为方式的不同体现在思维方式和沟通方式两个方面。以直线思维为基础，西方企业文化重事实，重逻辑思维，重发现，追求精确，注重竞争；中国企业文化重先验理性，重直觉，重感悟，重整体性，容许模糊性，重和谐。[3]在沟通方式上，西方企业文化表现为开门见山，明确、直接的表达意见和见解，而中国企业文化则是委婉的、间接地的提出看法，不习惯于反问、追问。2 中西企业文化差异

企业文化的产生和发展变化，与企业所处的国家和地区的文化传统密切相关，是传统文化与现代企业相结合的产物。国家和民族环境是文化形成与发展的土壤，中西方文化形成的地理渊源和历史渊源不同，导致中西方企业文化的差异。[1][2] 段维龙.企业文化与人本管理.北京：北京大学出版社，2009.胡小燕.中西企业文化对比研究.商品与质量，2012（4）:123-124.[3] 史燕.中西企业文化比较研究.企业经济，2008（2）：161.2.1 西方企业文化的特点

由于西方较早出现资本主义萌芽，并且一些国家始终处于资本主义意识形态，因此，西方企业文化具有独特的特点。第一，崇尚个人主义。不论是人权宣言，还是美国独立宣言都强有力的彰显了西方社会对于“个人”的推崇。“人生来就自由而平等”，使得西方企业文化提倡个人至上、个人奋斗、个人独立。在工作中，企业尊重、信任员工，给与自主权，承认个人价值和能力，并强调个人奋斗。惠普公司的五个价值观“相信、尊重个人、尊重员工追求最高的成就，追求卓越做事情”就是对于个人主义很好的证明。第二，重视创新研发，卓越品质。西方企业高度重视开展创新活动，并且为此提供了优越的条件、营造了良好的氛围。德国西门子公司从不削减研发资金，并且拥有近四万名研发人员，这使得西门子公司拥有几万项发明专利，在德国专利领域高居榜首。日本的索尼公司一直将创新作为生存发展的立足点，具备强大的技术开发能力，坚持不断创新，使得索尼公司成为世界上专业视听产品、游戏产品、通讯产品和信息技术等领域的先导之一。第三，注重终身学习。西方企业非常重视企业内部学习精神的培养，把学习精神融入到企业的经营过程中，提倡建立重视教育的学习型企业。日本松下电器长期重视员工的教育培训工作，以提高全体员工的素质。其创始人松下幸之助曾说过：“事业是认为的，而人才的培养是当务之急”。为了建立一个有利于鼓励和推进员工学习的环境，1964年松下电器公司在大阪建立起占地14.2万平方米的超大型培训中心，全公司一年有三分之一的人来这里接受培训。正是由于确立了终身学习的理念，松下员工的整体素质和业务水平不断提高，使得松下电器一直走在行业前端。第四，顾客至上，服务第一。顾客是上帝，顾客决定了企业的生存死亡，没有顾客也就没有了企业。“顾客至上”、“以顾客为中心”一直是西方企业管理经营的主要信条。美国沃尔玛公司多年来一直稳居美国500强企业榜首，并在全世界都有连锁店，在全球经济危机下，沃尔玛公司仍以每年7%的速度增长。沃尔玛将顾客第一的理念贯彻在经营服务的每一个细节中，不论是店铺内的通道，还是灯光设计都令顾客更加舒适。此外，沃尔玛还实行免费停车，开展免费咨询服务。第五，重视社会责任。企业的社会责任包括捍卫消费者权益、维护员工利益和保护自然环境、支持公益事业等公众立业为核心的社会问题。西方企业文化认为，企业既是经济组织，又是社会组织。作为经济组织，不仅要以优良的品质和服务队消费者负责，还要对交易合作者、股东负责。作为社会组织，重视对本社区和社会的责任，把环境保护和减少公害作为企业生存和发展的前提条件。2.2 中国企业文化的特点

中国有着五千米的文明历史，具有优秀的文化传统，历史上经历了较长时期的农耕文明。文化方面，儒家文化一直是主流，但同时也出现了法家、道家等百家争鸣的文化繁荣。由于经历了长久的中央集权的封建君主专制，以及重农抑商政策影响，中国较晚出现资本主义萌芽，工商业落后。由于此种种原因，中国的企业文化独具特点。第一，以和为贵，和气生财。中国自古就是礼仪之邦，历来就倡导“和为贵”以及和谐共生的伦理道德。这些传统道德渗透到企业中，成为企业文化的重要内容。中国的企业家认为，以和为贵就可以化解企业内部的种种矛盾，还可以密切企业与消费者和合作者之间的关系，精诚合作，和气生财。第二，重视亲情，轻视规范。中国的传统社会以血缘关系为纽带，依靠伦理道德而不是依靠法律来维系人与人之间、人与社会之间的关系，因此，整个社会形成了人治大于法治、人情大于制度的文化氛围。企业在经营管理中，注重人情关系维系，注重感情投资。在树立企业价值观时，将企业比作“家”，唤起员工的亲情意识，要求员工对“家”忠诚。同时，由于“管理无情人有情”，法制和科学管理的成分较少，在执行时很难把握分寸，造成管理的随意性和复杂性。第三，注重集体利益。中国的企业管理者通常群众观念较强，形成了集体决策、民主集中的决策风格。一方面，群体决策有权力相对分散，责任不易明确，行动比较迟缓等不足，另一方面，群体决策又有集思广益，在充分汇总意见基础上，发挥领导整体功能和决策能力的优点。随着现代企业的发展，企业的经营管理目标已经不仅仅是实现利益的最大化，而还要股东满意、员工满意、顾客满意和社会满意。这时，企业文化中的集体性就发挥了重要作用。第四，崇尚德才兼备。儒家文化是以人为中心的文化，重视人际关系，强调人的作用。一方面，注重个人的德行，即修身养性，认为人的德行第一位的。因此，在考察、提拔干部时，既看其才，又看其德，但要以德为先。良好的德行是前提。另一方面，重视人的作用，主要不是指个人能力的发挥，而更多的是强调群体的作用，注意处理好人际关系，以求社会和谐。中西企业文化的融合与借鉴

随着世界经济一体化和区域经济集团化的不断加深，越来越多的中国企业走向了世界市场，中西方企业文化的融合已经成为不可逆转的潮流。优秀的企业文化不仅要体现企业自身的特点，还应当积极学习西方企业文化的科学内容，学习发达国家的先进管理经验，尤其是国外知名企业的文化精华，并根据企业自身的情况，融合与借鉴，形成独具特色的中国企业文化。在学习西方企业文化时，一定要防止两种倾向：一是认为中国传统企业文化一无是处，一切都是照抄照搬，不辨良莠，直接把西方的企业文化全盘搬来。二是，盲目自大，认为中国的传统企业文化是最好的，无须向西方等先进国家学习，因循守旧。中国有几千年文明社会形成的灿烂文化，有其不可抗拒的魅力和众多的精华。企业文化的融合不是简单的机械堆加，而是在中国原有文化的基础上，相互比较、吸收和补充，然后生成一种新的企业文化。要对西方企业文化进行详细的研究，总结出一些值得借鉴的经验和教训。既要“适应他人”，也要“保持自我”，关键是找准二者之间的平衡点。在尊重、学习西方文化的同时，还要坚持中国传统文化的特色与影响力。这样才能把中西方文化的精华结合起来，建立起既适应国际经济环境，又适应国际文化环境的新型企业文化，是具有中国特色的企业文化。这将成为中国企业走向世界，取得竞争优势，获得国际经营活动主动权的关键。

【参考文献】

6.中西酒文化对比文献综述篇六

姓名：何煌班级：10级英语一班学号：201041010125

摘要：酒是人类生活中的主要饮料之一。在人类文化的历史长河中，它不仅是一种客观的物质存在，而且是一种文化象征，即酒神精神的象征。酒文化源远流长，品种繁多，是一个国家历史发展和文化沉淀过程中不可缺少的一环。中西方文化价值观存在着根本性的差异，酒文化也是一样。本文通过比较中西方酒的源头，酿酒原料与酒品的差异，酒文化核心的差异，酒的交际功能等方面的不同来分析和比较中西方酒文化差异，从而进一步阐述中西方文化差异，特别是价值观方面的差异。关键词：中国，西方，酒文化，比较

文化是人类在社会历史过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和，中国和西方的酒文化差异，包括酒的酿造工艺和酒人文精神等的差异，都可以归结为物质和精神两大类。造成这些差异的原因是多方面的，不仅有地理环境、物产和风俗习惯等因素的不同，而且有生产方式、文化传统等因素的不同，但是也不外乎客观和主观两个方面。只要密切关注这两个方面的变化，就能在一定程度上了解和把握中国和西方酒文化发展的脉搏，促进中西文化的交流与发扬光大。

酒被认为是酒神赐予人们的礼物。酒文化源远流长。酒在人们日常的交际生活中起着重要作用。由于生活环境、历史背景、传统习俗、价值观念、思维模式和社会规范等的不同，东西方（甚至国与国之间）的酒文化呈现出风格迥异、丰富多彩的民族特性。对东西方酒文化特性进行比较研究，颇有意义。东西方酒文化同中有异、异中有同，内容丰富。了解不同民族的酒文化，有助于人们成功地进行跨文化交际。

本文主要研究中西方酒文化在精神象征方面和风俗习惯中的差别。具体将从中西方酒文化所体现出的不同的酿酒技术、人文精神以及酒俗酒礼三个方面对本文主题进行阐述，本文旨在发扬中国酒文化，了解中西方酒文化，找出二者的差异，实现中西方酒文化的交流。

在中国的餐桌上，大家喝的酒一般是啤酒，如哈啤，青岛啤酒，雪花啤酒等等，或是白酒，如茅台，五粮液，北京二窝头等等。在美国，喝啤酒的人很多。但是，我很少见

到美国人有直接喝酒精浓度很高的白酒，这和中国很不同。还有，我极少见到美国人在餐桌上互相敬酒，大家通常都是各喝各的。只有在某些特定场合，大家才会一同举杯。这样的时刻通常是在某人致辞之后，大家交相举杯，祝福某人，为某人某事庆贺。仔细想想，可以发现：中国人饮酒重视的是人，要看和谁喝，要的是饮酒的气氛；西方人饮酒重视的酒，要看喝什么酒，要的是充分享受酒的美味。中国的饮酒礼仪体现了对饮酒人的尊重。主人，客人都有固定的座位，都有固定的敬酒次序。敬酒时要从主人开始敬，主人不敬完，别人是没有资格敬的，如果乱了次序是要受罚的。而敬酒一定是从最尊贵的客人开始敬起，敬酒时酒杯要满，表示的也是对被敬酒人的尊重。晚辈对长辈、下级对上级敬酒要主动敬酒，而且讲究的是先干为敬。而行酒令、划拳等饮酒礼仪，也是为了让饮酒人喝的更尽兴而应运而生的。显然，中国酒文化深受中国尊卑长幼传统伦理文化的影响，在饮酒过程中把对饮酒人的尊重摆在最重要的位置上。而西方人饮用葡萄酒的礼仪，则反应出对酒的尊重。品鉴葡萄酒要观其色、闻其香、品其味，调动各种感官享受美酒。在品饮顺序上，讲究先喝白葡萄酒后喝红葡萄酒、先品较淡的酒再品浓郁的酒、先饮年轻的酒在饮较长年份的酒，按照味觉规律的变化，逐渐深入地享受酒中风味的变化。而对葡萄酒器的选择上，也是围绕着如何让拼饮者充分享受葡萄酒的要求来选择的。让香气汇聚杯口的郁金香型高脚杯、让酒体充分舒展开的滗酒器、乃至为掌握葡萄酒温度而为品饮专门设计的温度计，无不体现出西方人对酒的尊重，他们的饮酒礼仪、饮酒文化都是为更好的欣赏美味而制定的。

无论是中国的豪饮，还是西方的品酒，都希望酒文化能够在以后的时间里比较出更多更好的酒，也可以是酒文化得到发展和继承，让更多的人了解酒文化，欣赏酒文化！在中国，酒常常被当做一种工具，所谓醉翁之意不在酒。如青梅煮酒是为了论证谁是英雄；杯莫停的将进酒，为的是与尔同消万古愁；竹林里狂歌的七贤，为的是借酒避难。酒在中国人眼里更多的是当作一种交际的工具，所以在中国的酒文化中缺乏对于酒本身进行科学而系统的理论分析和品评，更在意饮用他后带来的美妙作用。在西方，饮酒的目的往往很简单，为了欣赏酒而饮酒，为了享受美酒而饮酒。当然，在西方葡萄酒也有交际的功能，但人们更多的是追求如何尽情的享受美酒的味道。

比较中西方酒文化，可以发现，酒文化之间的差异其实就是中西方思维方式的差异。中国人喝白酒的多，西方人基本不喝白酒，以果酒和啤酒为主，中国酒礼可太多了，一时也说不清，各地都不相同，我有个朋友说，他有个外国朋友，外国朋友说过：“我们德国人喝的才叫酒，你们中国人喝的不叫酒，叫酒精”好了，把这个事写到你的论文

中吧，这个外国人说的话说明了很多问题，我国酒的酿造工艺非常差，酒精直接对水，像法国的葡萄酒，要选上好的葡萄，还要用橡木桶封装，工艺十分讲究。

鉴于上述情况，中西酒文化对比主要研究的是中西方酿酒技术的差异、中西方酒俗的差异、中西方酒文化所折射出的人文精神的差异。酒文化是人类社会文化和历史文化的投影，从一个侧面反映出其所属群族的文化本质。酒文化的差异就是其主体文化的差异，不同的饮酒习俗与酿酒技术和原料等，有助于我们加深对主体文化差异的认知。

参考文献

[1] Patrick Matthews, Real wine: the rediscovery of natural winemaking, Mitchell Beazley, 2000.[2]杜莉,“中西酒文化比较”，《扬州大学烹饪学报》，2004年第01期。[3]江丽容，“中西饮酒文化差异探析”，《中北大学学报(社会科学版)》,2010第 04期。

[4]李争平，《中国酒文化》，北京，时事出版社，2007年。[5]铁流，《中华酒文化大观》，北京：当代中国出版社, 2000年。[6]王守国，《酒文化与艺术精神》，郑州：河南大学出版社, 2006年。[7]吴克祥，《酒文化与酒水管理》，南京：南开大学出版社，2012年。[8]杨乃济，《中西酒文化比较》，北京联合大学学报，1994年第08期。[9]张爱敬，《酒文化》，青岛：中国海洋大学出版社, 1999年。

7.中西方婚俗文化对比篇七

由于地理、历史、经济、政治等因素影响中西方不可避免存在种种差异, 在文化方面中西方的传统文化节日不同, 在经济方面中西方的经济发展程度和发展速度不同。

总体来说, 东方思想与西方相比比较保守、注重传统。西方注重个体, 专题研究及创新。东方比较注重整体大的感觉。

在东方特别是中国, 文化底蕴深厚, 创作理念艺术的发展历程久, 发展整体性强, 没有明显的阶段性差异, 基本上是一以贯之地渐进发展, 比如儒家文化发展历史悠久其中一直围绕“仁爱”理念传承。虽然儒家属于宗教, 但我认为宗教对艺术是有很大影响的, 比如儒学精神在中国的传统绘画中, 赋予了画家和作品道德使命。这种道德观念在中国美术史中具有广泛性, 中国画所表现出的道德观念又与社会的要求相一致, 这就给中国绘画约定了一种观念化了的价值和意义。绘画作品都是以劝诫、教化、助人为主要文化功能的。古语说:“人品即画品, 画品即人品。 ”这句话不但表现出了中国画家对待绘画的态度, 而且证实了中国古代画家深受孔孟学说的影响, 进而形成了对绘画作品的评价标准。

西方以古希腊为例, 古希腊形成的注重个体创作理念的传统, 崇尚的典范模式, 文艺复兴艺术受到拜占庭艺术的影响比较大, 同时注入了新元素。在意大利文艺复兴的全盛时期, 达·芬奇、米开朗基罗、拉斐尔的作品中整体性很明显, 如:达·芬奇著名的《最后的晚餐》, 米开朗基罗的《创世纪》天顶壁画, 拉斐尔的《大公爵圣母》等一些绘画作品都是以上帝为主注重神的表现。 17—18世纪, 欧洲各国在文化、艺术、宗教和社会政治的各个领域里不断探索和发展, 在这一时期安尼巴尔·卡拉奇创作的《法尔奈斯宫天顶面》、《哀悼基督》等, 都有绘画古典美题材的主角, 但在近代科学冲击下几乎荡然无存。取而代之的是与近代自然科学相适应的, 以实证性、局部性和精确性为特点的创作理念艺术。

近代以后, 西方创作理念受到自然科学发展状况的影响, 还形成了局部性、机械性、形而上学性等特点。从15世纪下半叶到18世纪末, 是西方自然科学艺术进入另一阶段。自然科学尤其是数学、天文学、化学、生物学等在这一时期取得了长足进步, 是近代自然科学诞生后的独立科学。所有这些学科都是孤立地、静止地进行研究的, 每个学科都只看到自己领域里的局部材料, 而没有把自然界的事物看做是运动着的有机联系的整体, 这一特点成为西方创作理念艺术中的一个重要方面。所以说西方注重个体, 专题研究。

在工艺美术的发展史上也是这样的, 我从《细解中工艺美史》中详细了解到:原始社会的各种工艺创作原始社会形式感的应用, 有丰富的工艺语言。商代工艺装饰纹样往往带有宗教迷信的色彩春秋战国时期的装饰, 商代的中心对称, 单独适合纹样的图案组织。

比较有名的山水画如郭熙《早春图》、范宽《溪山行旅图》;人物画就是着重形神俱备的美术作品, 讲求表达描绘人物的外貌及内心, 花鸟画有工笔、写意、兼工带三种画法, 静中见动, 名作有黄荃《写生珍禽图》、钱选《荷塘早秋图卷》。由此不难看出东方美术注重写意比较含蓄。

西方工艺美术史其实同中华工艺美术一样, 源远流长, 辉煌灿烂。从《图说西方工艺美术史》中了解到西方工艺从旧石器时代开始, 西方工业就已经萌芽了此后的不同阶段西方工艺也是一次一次创新。西方工艺有许多脍炙人口的作品如丹麦的《太阳马车》、米诺斯的《持蛇女神》、埃及的《图坦卡蒙金面具》等古罗马的青铜及玻璃制品中世纪的珐琅工艺。但是西方的美术往往表达出的是开放思想。

中西方画法的差异: 中方绘画的做法是先收集素材回家后加上自己的理解作画, 西方是直接到户外写生, 充分利用光影将看到的风景或人物尽量采用写实的手法描绘下来。

最后谈一谈青铜器, 据说青铜器人类在旧石器时代已经开始使用了。青铜礼器十分发达是中国古代青铜文化区别于其他国家古代青铜文化的一个显著特点, 这也是中国古代青铜文化的本质特点。礼器的发达是由中国古代奴隶社会异常强大的“宗法血缘”关系决定的。人们对祖先、对神灵的崇拜远远超越了对自身的认同。夏代已出现了青铜礼器。到了商代, 特别是商代晚期青铜礼器已发展成熟, 主要的器类都已经具备。在古代社会中, 它被当做统治阶级等级制度和权利的标志。而相比之下, 西方的青铜器则没有这么复杂。它有酒器, 比如铜酒杯、调酒缸、酒壶;礼器 (祭祀器) 如神像;兵器如剑、斧、匕首、鏃、胄、盾等;生活用品如镜、胸针、马麓等。感觉西方青铜器更偏重于世俗生活。但都没有像中国一样有庞大的系统。

中国的青铜人像偏向于抽象, 效果较平面。嘴和眼, 以及耳鼻都是抽象的, 夸张的, 高度概括化的。而且我们再看它时会觉得就像是在一张纸上画好了五官, 然后把这张纸五官向外卷了起来, 成一个圆通上的浅浮雕一样。而西方的青铜人像给我们的感觉是简直是真人体的灌模一般。它的人体比例、生理结构甚至须发都立体真实表现了出来, 而且人体动态感强烈。尤其腹部和四肢的肌肉, 如果没有严谨理性的精神则是很难做到的。

西方青铜在很大程度上仅仅作为一种材料, 而且并不比其他材料如金银、象牙、大理石等材料更高贵, 所以它没有产生像中国那样的特殊含义。而且在文化背景上由于西方很早就产生了对自身的肯定, 即使在希腊神话中, 人神也是相通的, 具有高度的拟人化。比如西方的神都是现实中凡人的写照。正是在这样的文化背景下, 西方青铜器更多的是表现鲜明的俗话化生活 (即使是神话也是人世生活) 。它不像中国青铜器、青铜礼器那样具有神秘性。

8.中西文化对比与对外汉语教学篇八

关键词：语言与文化跨文化传播对外汉语教学东方文化西方文化

不同的文化，使得不同民族的人在价值观念、心理特征、生活方式、风俗习惯甚至是表达方式和表达习惯上都有所不同。掌握一种语言并不仅限于学习语言本身，因为仅仅学习了语音、词汇、语法，在实际运用中还是要闹出不少笑话和尴尬。同样，对于汉语教师来说，如果不了解不同的学生在文化方面的差异，就无法帮助学生消除在学习第二语言时产生的焦虑感和紧张感，则会阻碍教学的推进。在汉语学习中，汉语的文化知识不但是培养交际能力的重要方面，而且其本身也是教育的要求之一。各种文化之间是有差异的，人们在互相接触时可能由于文化不同而产生冲突。汉语教师应该意识到文化因素的特殊重要性，以帮助学生克服汉语学习中由于文化背景不同所引起的学习上的困难。本文将从语言与文化之间的密切关系给文化、词汇教学一点启示。从跨文化交际方面来论述文化差异在对外汉语教学方面的影响，最后从东西方文化差异方面给留学生以及将要从事汉语教师工作的教师一点思考。

一、语言和文化在词汇方面的关联

著名语言学家H.Coodenougd在《文化人类学与语言学》一书中曾指出：“一个社会的语言是该社会文化的一个方面，语言与文化是部分和整体的关系，语言作为文化的组成部分，其特征表现在：它是学习文化的主要工具，人们在学习和运用语言过程中获得整个文化。”美国语言学教授萨皮尔说：“语言的背后是有东西的。并且，语言不能离开文化而存在。所谓文化就是社会遗传下来的习惯和信仰的总和，由它可以决定我们的生活组织。”柏默也说：“语言的历史和文化的历史是相辅相成的，它们可以互相协助和启发。”由这些话看来，我们可以知道语言和文化的关系是很密切的，语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的内容，语言反映文化，文化决定语言。在这里，我们从词汇方面讨论语言和文化的关系。

二、跨文化交际在对外汉语教学方面的影响

跨文化交际指不同文化背景的人们参与交际的活动。文化差异会导致跨文化交际失误，因为来自不同文化背景的双方对同一社会现象会以各自不同的方式进行分析和判断，从而产生分歧，得出不同结论。由于双方对不同文化中的同一事物的概念理解不同，因而会产生判断差异。如果交际双方不能形成共同的思维模式、价值观念、行为规范或交际手段，即使使用同一语言，仍会产生误解与分歧。由此可见，要避免跨文化交际的失误，我们必须审视和思考对方文化中所包含的价值标准，这样双方才能理解和沟通。拿我亲身经历来说，我教过法国留学生，有一次下课后，我对一位留学生安娜说道：“You must have been tired.”此时安娜一脸紧张，马上解释：“No no，I am not tired.”显然安娜对我的问候产生误解。我的本意是出于关心而向她问候，安娜没有理解中国人的问候用语，却误解为：自己没有能力学好中文，感到很累，或是自己的神情让教师自己觉得自己教的不好，所以教师才会来关心我，我要马上解释自己不累，才不会让教师有这种感觉。如果我不和安娜做进一步的沟通，我们的关系也许会越走越远。

对外汉语教学中的文化，核心应着眼于跨文化，着眼于用文化的观念去提升语言教学，为语言教学服务。它不仅包括文化的传授，还涉及对学习者母语文化的认同和比较，所以对外汉语教学中的文化应该是一种具有多元性质的文化。学习者在语言的学习中不仅是单纯的学习语言，而且要学习这种语言背后的文化，因为这种文化更有助于他们在日常的生活、工作和学习中熟练地进行交流、准确无误地表情达意。

三、中西文化的差异对外汉语教学的启示

中国文化是一种伦理性的文化，西方文化是一种宗教性的文化。儒家伦理有一个功能，就是宗教功能。如果说西方的伦理是从属于基督教的，那么，儒家的伦理，则有代替宗教的功能。也就是说，有了儒家伦理后，就不需要宗教了。宗教的功能之一是超越死亡。人有生老病死，这是不可抗的，然而，如果你相信了基督教，你就相信人是不死的。

以血缘关系为根基的儒家文化传统，往往是你中有我，我中有你，一个家族就是一个团体，家族的荣誉就是自己的荣誉。而在基督教中，主体是独立自由的。伯奈特在《早期希腊哲学》里说，在这个世界上，我们都是异乡人，身体就是灵魂的坟墓，但是我们绝不可以自杀，因为上帝是我们的牧人。西方人个体和群体之间的纽带切断的比较早，个体觉醒的意识也比较早。耶稣着眼于人际的分化而不是人际的和合。这和孔夫子那种“父为子隐，子为父隐”即为了达到伦理的和合而宁可牺牲是非的文化精神比较起来，可以说形成了东西方关于人伦的一个截然分明的界限。在豆瓣高分电影《全民目击》中，讲述了一位父亲为了拯救杀了人要判刑的女儿，不惜花人力物力造假证据，为了使法院相信自己的女儿是无辜的，在假证据中把杀人的罪名揽到自己的头上。这就是“父为子隐”，也许很多西方人很难接受，但是在这部片子里确实存在，而且很多中国人会为这样的父爱而感动不已，包括我。因为我们有着这样的儒家伦理观，我们看中血缘，亲近家庭，这也是与西方文化的区别之处。

参考文献：

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