考研英语应用作文常见错误及指导

2024-07-30

考研英语应用作文常见错误及指导(精选10篇)

1.考研英语应用作文常见错误及指导 篇一

考研英语作文常见错误分析

【摘要】在英文写作过程中,学生们常常误入歧途却自己不能察觉。一些常见的写作错误会出现在大部分考生的试卷上。比如审题不清,经常出现偏题或跑题;习惯汉语思维,逐字翻译;用词搭配不当,张冠李戴;词不达意,拼写错误严重;等等。具体来说,常见的错误主要有这些:

一、指代方面的错误

在使用代词it,he,this,that,which,one等时,前文中应出现明确的先行词。

如:Since we cannot know what particular bit of knowledge a child will need in the future,it is senseless to force him to learn it.,这句话中,him和it这两个代词都有明确的先行词,分别是a child和knowledge,因此句子的含义非常清楚。

可是,不少学生在使用这些代词时,虽然自己很清楚它们指代的是什么,但在作文中却没有交代清楚,结果这些代词非但没有使行文简洁,反而造成了意思上的模糊,让阅卷老师不知所云。

误:Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden they have to bear.

正:Sometimes the teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear.

【说明】句1中的they既可指教师,也可指学生,属指代不清的。可以把它们中的任意一个改成单数名词。因为单数名词也可以泛指一类。

二、修饰方面的错误

修饰语应紧靠被修饰的成分,并和它形成正确的逻辑关系。如果修饰语的位置不妥当,就会造出模棱两可的病句。

误:To keep the air clean, we must move the factories which give off poisonous gases to the countryside.

正:To keep the air clean, we must move the factories to the countryside if they give off poisonous gases.

【说明】句1要表达的是把有害气体排放到农村,还是把工厂迁到农村去?显然修饰语to the countryside的位置放错了。如句2改变一下结构,就能清楚地表达要表达的意思了。

三、一致方面的错误

在一个句子内部或紧邻的两三个句子之间,要保持时态、人称、数等的一致。

误:Whether one enjoys or resents advertisements, we are actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.

正:Whether we enjoy or resent advertisements, we are actually bombarded with them every hour of the day.

【说明】代词应与所指代的先行词保持人称和数上的一致。句1也可改成Whether one enjoys or resents the advertisement, he is actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.

四、平行结构方面的错误

这里专指语态、比较级、非谓语形式、冠词用法、可数名词和不可数名词、不定代词单复数以及时态等错误。

1、误:Narrow streets easily cause to happen many traffic accidents.

正:narrow streets easily cause many traffic accidents. (to happen)

误:A great change has been taken place since then.

正:A great change has taken place since then.

误:But it may occur some new problems.

正:But some new problems may occur/arise.

误:Opportunities are only belonged to those who work hard.

正:Opportunities only belong to those who work hard.

【说明】happen,take place,occur,arise等动词和动词词组一般既不能用作被动结构,也不能作为及物动词带宾语的。但学生作文中类似的错误较多:Our country has taken place a great change in many fields.

2、误:The pace of our modern life is getting more faster and faster.

正:The pace of our modern life is getting faster and faster.

误:Electricity is the most important power in our daily life than other kinds of power.

正:Electricity is the most important power in our daily life.

误:Thus our city will be greatly beautiful than it is now.

正:Thus our city will be far more beautiful than it is now.

【说明】这些都是在使用比较形式时出现的错误。尤其是第1例较普遍。如more easier,more stronger等。

五、断句方面的错误

一句句子没有结束,又开始新的一句,结果造成句子结构不全,这就成为断句。

误:TV becomes an important part in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it.

正:TV becomes an important part in our daily life,because we cannot live without it.

【说明】以because,since,if等引导的从句是不能独立成句的,只能依属于主句,所以不能写成另一句。

六、连词方面的错误

作文中缺少必要的`连词,或错用连词的现象也比较普遍。

误:One should improve his English,one should overcome difficulties in studies.

正:If one wants to improve his English,he should overcome difficulties in studies.

【说明】学生在写作中往往意识不到连词的重要,不善于使用连词和连接副词来明确标示出因果关系、转折关系、递进关系等。

七、搭配方面的错误

学生作文中用词搭配方面的错误也占有较大比例。曾经在一次六级作文阅卷中,近千篇作文在表达上海交通越来越拥挤这个意思时,几乎没有一篇用 heavier,大多数人用的是The traffic in Shanghai is getting more and more crowded,而traffic是不能与crowded搭配的。

1、误:However the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle.

正:However the speed of a car is much higher than that of a bicycle.

【说明】speed只能和high,low,good,top,normal,fantastic,moderate,surprising等搭配,不能与fast,quick,slow搭配。但可以这样说A car is much faster in speed than a bicycle.

2、误:In the past the price of milk was so expensive that most families could not afford it.

正:In the past the price of milk was so high that most families couldnt afford it.

【说明】price只和high,low,inflated,moderate,minimum,original,popular,prevailing,published,reduced,reasonable等搭配,不能与expensive,cheap搭配,但可以说In the past,milk was so expensive that most families couldnt afford it.

由此可见,要提高对词语搭配的驾驭能力,除了要在平时的阅读过程中多积累,还需要克服中文中诸如速度快、价格贵、学习知识、人减少等搭配的影响,避免写出look book或see book这样的笑话来。

八、误用方面

学生作文中对词语的误用也相当普遍,误用词语不仅不能准确地表达作者的意思,而且也会闹出笑话。

1、误:With the industrious development,there is a great need for different kinds of energy.

正:With the industrial development,there is a great need for different kinds of energy.

2、误:Most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which effect our daily life.

正:Most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which affect our daily life.

【说明】以上错句都是因为对形容词的辨析不清而造成的。Industrious是勤劳的,工业上的应为industrial。effect一般用作名词,其动词形式表示产生、实现,而这里的意思是影响,应换成affect。

2.考研英语应用作文常见错误及指导 篇二

英语书面表达主要是考查考生综合运用英语进行书面表达的能力, 是一项主观性试题, 它能够比较有效地检验出英语学习者一段时间的学习效果, 反映学习者的英语学习漏洞。经常进行英语写作练习是进一步提高英语水平的重要途径。英语作文在英语考试中占相当大的比分, 所以掌握英语写作的一些技巧相当重要。作为英语教师, 了解制约学生英语写作水平的因素, 能够有针对性地进行教学和辅导, 是很有必要的。

纵观学生的作文, 问题大多集中在表达不集中、逻辑不准确、结构不完整、词汇量不足、句子中出现中式英语等情况。如何克服这些现象, 实际上就是如何提高写作水平的关键了。

2 表意不集中, 结构不完整

表意不集中和结构不完整属于同一个大的方面, 即“写什么”的问题。这原本是一个可以避免的问题, 因为现在的英语作文试题都会给出一个提纲, 提纲里面明确地给出了写作内容的要求, 如:2010年陕西高考英语作文题目:

第三节书面表达 (满分30分)

假定你是李华。你们学校和一所美国中学签署了教师交流协议。在过去的一年里, 你们的英文老师是来自这所中学的Sue Wood。不久前她返回美国任教。请你根据写作要点和要求给Sue写封电子邮件。写作要点: (1) 对她表达感谢之意; (2) 介绍她离开后你自己及班里发生的事情; (3) 希望了解她的近况。

在这篇作文里, 关键的信息是写作要点。根据人们的交往习惯, 第一点“对她表达感谢之意”和最后一点“希望了解她的近况”都是寒暄表达, 不宜冗长, 所以这篇文章的重点就应该放在第二点“介绍她离开后你自己及班里发生的事情”。

再如2012年6月英语四级作文题目为On Excessive Packaging。

提纲: (1) 目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象; (2) 出现这一现象的原因; (3) 我对这一现象的看法和建议。

看到这个作文题目, 实际上what to say已经不再是个问题, 因为单就这三方面来写, 就完全可以。

所以, 写作文首先要固定好“写什么”的问题。一定不要觉得通过一篇英语作文就能解决一种社会问题, 从而大写特写, 我们只有三十分钟的时间、120个单词左右的发挥空间。因此, 提纲的内容必须涵盖, 其它的尽量少提, 言多必失。做到有的放矢, 才能百发百中。

3 逻辑不准确, 句子中出现中式英语

逻辑不准确和句子里出现中式英语两类情况属于同一个范畴。在批改同学们作文的时候, 笔者常会遇到下面的表达:

Have good parents is a lucky thing.

I am very care about her.

With a book in his arms’young man is our new teacher.

有一定英语基础的同学都能看出来这几个句子的毛病, 正确的表达应该是这样的:

It’s a lucky thing to have good parents.

I care about her very much.

The young man with a book in his arm is our new teacher.

这些现象的背后, 反映出英汉语思维习惯差异的影响。英汉语言主要存在下列差异:

(1) 英民族重抽象思维, 汉民族重形象思维。

(2) 英民族思维主张主客两分, 汉民族主、客体相互融合。

(3) 英民族重形式逻辑, 汉民族重辩证思维。

要消除这方面的影响, 可以采取一些措施, 比如:一, 强化这方面的练习, 老师把经常出错的一些句子, 平时在课堂上进行展示, 警钟长鸣;二, 找一些经典的汉英翻译练习来巩固同学们的学习效果, 甚至可以要求同学们背诵一些生词少、句意常用、句法经典的句子或段落;三, 挑出常犯此类错误的同学, 有针对性地分别进行辅导。

4 词汇量不足

词汇量的积累是英语学习的基础。除了传统的加大词汇量的练习之外, 经过多年的教学实践发现, 词汇量的积累还可以采用“迂回策略”。有不少同学平时写作文的时候手边放一本词典, 遇到不会的表达, 就去查汉译英。这种做法不值得提倡, 因为考试的时候是不允许带词典的。这种做法无形之中助长了学生的惰性。所以, 教师要鼓励学生掌握“迂回策略”, 主要做到以下几点:第一, 写作时丢掉词典, 遇生词绕道而行, 使它成为习惯;第二, 多记单词的英文注释, 而非只记汉语翻译;第三, 适当做一些paraphrase。这些都是技巧问题, 做到了会有事半功倍的效果。

5 结论

本文立足于大学英语教学, 针对中国学生写英语作文时出现的问题, 着重探讨了写好英语文章的关键和一些实用的技巧方法, 希望能使得大学生——这支年轻的科技后备军, 能进一步提高写作水平, 并为他们向专业领域发展打下扎实的英文写作基础。英语写作是一个复杂的思维过程, 对学生的认知能力、思维能力、语言能力、组织能力和自我监控能力都有相当高的要求, 以上三大方面只是提高英语写作的部分建议, 除了这些, 还有多练笔、多背诵范文等方法, 这里就不再一一赘述。

摘要:英语写作体现了英语学习者的综合英语能力, 是英语教学中的重点也是难点。教师在平时留心学生写作过程中的常见问题, 总结写作水平提高较快的同学的学习方法, 从而研究并制定针对写作问题的策略。

关键词:表达,逻辑,汉语思维,句法,迂回策略

参考文献

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[2]韩红军.大学英语写作的技巧及策略探讨[J].新课程研究, 2011 (8) .

[3]罗朝秀.大学英语写作问题分析及其对教学的启示[DB/OL].http://www.studa.net/jiaoxue/090216/09010527.html, 2009-2-16.

[4]刘靖.大学英语写作教学现状和问题探析[J].湖北财经高等专科学校学报, 2012 (2) .

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3.考研英语应用作文常见错误及指导 篇三

【关键词】初中英语 写作教学 策略

英语写作是四项基本语言技能之一,是培养和提高语言能力的有效手段,它有助于巩固和掌握所学词汇、语法等语言知识,有助于训练直接用所学语言进行思维,有利于提高驾驭语言的能力。《英语课程标准》也对学生的写作提出了一定的要求,然而从学生的作业和试卷情况来看,学生书面表达错误较多,与“发展学生综合语言运用能力”的要求还有一定的差距。英语写作是初中英语学习的重点之一,也是英语综合能力的重要表现形式。如何才能有效提高初中生的英语写作水平?

一、学生书面表达中存在的错误

1.汉语式英语。由于受汉语的影响,再加上对英语句子结构掌握不好,导致学生常常按汉语的词序来翻译句子,在学生的作文中常常见到这样的句子:I very like you. I like with you together. In the classroom have a girl. You went out only can take bus or by bike. There are many people come here...

2.单词拼写错误。由于部分学生平时不注意记忆单词,或记忆单词的方法不对,因此学生在文章中经常出现单词拼写错误、漏字母、字母颠倒、字母混乱等。这是初中学生在英语学习时比较容易出现的错误。

3.词汇搭配和运用错误。英语词汇包括音、形、义。学生在学习词汇时,只有了解词汇的引申意义和相应的文化背景,才有可能正确而且恰当地使用词汇。不了解词汇这些方面的知识,不能算真正掌握一个词。由于学生词汇和语法欠牢固,写句子时想当然,常常会出现一些搭配错误,如:He is helpful and often help me on study. Do you agree about what he says?

4. 词性误用。有些同学没有词性的用法的理念,脑中只有生词表中零星的单词和一些残缺的短语,写作时把脑中仅有的自认为有点关系的词汇根据中文的思路毫无法则地串起来,导致出现这样的错误:如名词无冠词和单复数或冠词、单复数乱用,说明名词多少的词(many, much, few, little...)乱用,如:In the past, house was small, there were much pollutions, people were less等。由于学生不能完全掌握每一种词性的用法以及对应的单词的拼写区别,记单词时也只记个大概的意思,所以难免会出现形容词和副词乱用,基数词和序数词混淆,疑问词不明确,介词、连词错用或不用等现象。

5.人称和数的误用。由于学生对这方面的知识掌握不到位,或有做事情时不善于思考的不良习惯,常常会出现人称和数的错误,如:I is in the teachers office. They always goes to school very late. Two kilometers are far...

二、如何提高初中生的英语写作能力

1. 强化单词短语的记忆和句型的应用。单词和短语是句子的重要组成部分,因此教师要特别重视词句等语言基础。要通过完成句子、联系延伸、造句等方法,让学生熟记所学单词短语,不断扩大他们的词汇量。课上教师尽量口头多使用学过的单词和短语,增加学生的输入量,并让学生反复操练单词、短语直至扩展成句子;由于初中学生的总结能力不强,笔者认为教师如果能把学过的单词短语和句型按一定的规律总结在一起让学生对单词、短语和句型有个固定、清晰的概念,这更有利于学生轻松、有效地掌握词汇。

2.抓好词汇学习。语言离不开词汇。没有一定的词汇量,就无法用英语进行表达。从单词的释义、用法和词语、短语的搭配,从组词成句,组句成段、成文都离不开词汇的学习。教师在教学过程中,要进行词汇的训练,使之形成习惯。比如:常用解释单词的含义,让学生进行默写,并背诵好句子,好文章和课文中的重点句型。写作时会起到画龙点睛的作用。记忆孤立的单词费时费力而且很容易忘记,在学习每个单元的单词时,尽可能地将一个个孤立的没有任何联系的单词巧妙地串连成词组或短语,使其具有一定的情景意义。

3.归纳语法要点。语法是语言的框架,学好语法能为写作打下扎实的基础。教师要引导学生及时归纳语法要点,帮助学生提高思维能力与语言组织能力。例如,笔者在教学反身代词时,要求学生自己归纳带有反身代词的动词词组,并解释其含义。这样学生既复习了语法知识,又锻炼了写作能力。

4. 在阅读中培养写作能力。在日常的教学实践中,教师应根据课文内容对学生进行多种写作训练。夯实写作基本功,养成良好的写作习惯。英语新教材的课文题材多样,文体全面,内容新颖,贴近生活。它集大量词汇、语法、语音和词意于一身,它是词汇和语法应用及写作技巧的典范。因此,我们首先应该从课文教学入手培养学生的阅读能力。在进行课文教学时,教师可采用语篇教学和英汉互译式教学,即先采用语篇教学引导学生了解文体、文章的结构及主要内容。通过对文章结构的分析,再进行改写,缩写练习。这样不仅能使学生理解并分清文章的内容主次,还能培养学生的概括能力,从而提高写作水平。

5. 勤于动笔。适当地进行写作练习是不可缺少的,如果光大谈写作而从不去动笔写,是写不出好作文的,所谓的“熟能生巧”就是说的这一点。教师可以让学生采用写日记的方法来提高自己的表达能力,也可以就不同的题材,自拟题目来写或者就某篇课文来扩写、缩写、改写等,这些都可以用来练练手笔,也可以要求学生随读、随学、随写。

4.中国学生英语作文常见的错误 篇四

中文与英文的最大区别,在于中文句子是意合,而英文句子则是形合。例如,中文可以说“他赢了,我们笑了。”英文则不能说“He won, we laughed.” 而是要用连词把两句话连起来,成为“He won, and we laughed.”.练习:(1)改错

1. It rained all night, the ceiling began to leak.2. He lifted a rock, it fell on his feet.3. She leaped up screaming, a snake was moving toward her.4. Many people lined up at the ticket booth, all the tickets had been sold out.5. The rise in crime is attributed to drug abuse, and organized robbery.6. John Smith, his wife, his two children, and his dog Pluto, were under a pear tree, in the garden.7. The next day, late in the evening, Charles was killed, by a gang of villains.8. A letter, that is written in pencil, is difficult to read.(2)添上逗号

1. “I see my son you are wearing one of my best ties again.”

2. Rosemary suspected of having murdered her husband was questioned by the police for over three hours.3. The lady was dressed in gray the color of a pigeon’s feathers.4. It is a sad truth but in this unfriendly world he who cries cries alone.(3)分号常用在两个或两个以上关系较为密切的分句之间。下面这些句子,只要添上分号就成立了。1. The moon went down the stars grew pale.2. One moment he was friendly the next he was indifferent.3. Far into the night he worked as day dawned he sank back into the chair.(4)引号主要用于直接引语,但也可用于书名或用于要引起人们注意的单词或短语上。请给下列句子添上引号,同时注意标上其他必要的符号。

1. How do you spell the word Renaissance 2. The coach yelled Shoot when the clock had run down to only three seconds.3. He said Alas How foolish I have been 2.搭配问题

1. Municipal planners deal chiefly for the physical layout of communities.2. Because of its low cholesterol content, margarine is widely used to substitute from butter.3. Thomas Nast was known primarily for a political cartoonist.4. Compared to other areas, the population of the deserts is sparse.1.模糊。意思上的混乱、模糊是英文写作中常见的毛病。请指出下列句子的毛病:

1. The monkeys amused the people in cages at the zoo.2. People throw away things which are invaluable.3. A shark may attack a man that is hungry.二.写作能力提高

1. Sentence combining(联句)a.He didn’t write the letter himself.He asked his friend to do it.b.Dogs are able and willing to learn a wide variety of tasks.They are intelligent and devoted to their owners.c.He had failed many times.He was confident that he would succeed in the end.d.The Chinese character hao combines the symbol for “woman” with the symbol for “boy”.The chinese character hao means “good”.e.He asked to read the instruction book once more.He felt sure that he was using the instrument improperly.f.He failed to completely the course.This spoilt his chances of promotion.g.The public received the news enthusiastically.This surprised no one.2.transition(过渡):使用关联词

表示强调,例如:in fact, most important, above all… 表示对比,例如:unlike, however, in contrast… 表示时间,例如:while, until, as soon as… 表示顺序,例如:first, next, finally…

表示类似或举例,例如:similarly, likewise, for example… 表示补充说明,例如:furthermore, what’s more, in addition… 表示空间关系,例如:near, behind, to the left… 表示让步,例如:although, nevertheless, in spite of… 表示总结归纳,例如:to sum up, to conclude, in short…

大学英语写作套路

1.我的观点(MY VIEW)

When asked about a theme, different people will offer different

opinions....is no exception.Some people take it

for granted

that

...However,others

hold

that...As for as I am concerned, that I am in

favor for the second view.The reasons are as

follows.First, there is an element of truth that...But it doesn’t follow is that that...Therefore,A the

case first

view

in doesn’t

point

hold

water.In conclusion...2.优点

(Advantages

and

disadvantages)

Nowadays,...plays an important part in...Like everything else,...has both favorable and unfavorable aspects.Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.Firstly,...Besides...Most

important

of

all

...But

every

coin has tow sides.The negative aspects are also

apparent.To begin with,...To make matters worse

of all...Through

above

analysis,I

believe

that

the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.Therefore...3.怎么办(How contribute to

to)...Many

ways

can

solving this serious problem, but

the following ones may be most effective.First of

all...Another way to solve the problem of...is...Finally...There are not the best and only measures we can take.But it should be noted that if we take strong action to...4.选择行动(A or B)

When you...you will be faced with the

choice between A and B.Before making the right

choice, you had better make a close comparison and

contrast Second, similarities, following Besides, of

them.First

of

all, B...also A...A...Also,B...A...A

likewise, and

B

are

Despite different

in

their

the

aspects.A...on

First, the

However, B...Therefore,B...contrary, it

depends with...you should choose.If you...,you should choose A;but if you...you should

turn to B.2.为什么(Why)...There

are

many

reasons for...but in general, they come down to

three major ones.For one thing...for another

thing...Perhaps the prime reason is that...From the foregoing...3.谚语引用:

that......As a proverb goes

Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in

[某种场合].It is estimated that [相关数据].Why have

there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can

be listed as follows.The first one is [原因一].Besides, [原因二].The third one is [原因三].To sum up,the main cause of [某种现象] is due to [最主要原因].It is

high time that something were done upon it.For

5.考研英语应用作文常见错误及指导 篇五

从近年来全国各省市的中考语文试卷看,阅读题在中考中分值一般在40——50分左右,而现代文类阅读题又占其中70%的分值。通过对中考学生答卷情况分析,学生答卷主要出现这样两个特点:1、散文类考题得分低于自然科学类试题。2、主观性试题比客观性试题失分严重。

一篇看似简单的现代文为什么让学生连连失分呢?考生在中考语文阅读题解答上要注意些什么问题呢?

一忌:跟着感觉走。考生由于年龄因素,逻辑思辨能力和分析归纳能力都不强,考生在答题的时候常常犯“跟着感觉走”到错误,草草看看阅读题的题干,在还没有完全读懂文章的情况下,就凭着对文章的初步理解去完成答案,这就是造成答案不完善和答非所问的原因。

二忌:只见树木不见森林考生在答题的时候,粗枝大叶,看见语段中有题干要求的部分答案,就马上写在答题纸上,孰不知,有部分考学生归纳能力的题目,答案往往需要有一定的概括性,必须要关照本段全段或者相邻的几段甚至全篇才可以做出完整的`答案。这种只见树木不见森林的答题方式是考生在做阅读题是常常犯的一个错误。

三忌:走马观花骑在马上看花当然看不仔细花,考生在分析题干时常常犯这样的错误。我们知道,出卷老师在命题的时候,为了使答案尽可能单一,往往要在题干上设置很多的修饰限定语句,这样也有助于指引考生明确答题的方向,所以我们可以充分的利用题干上的这些语句,来做出尽可能符合出卷者意图的答案。

明确了答卷三忌,那么如何才能做出正确而又完整的答案呢?

这就必须要做好“读懂”、“读通”这两个步骤。

“读懂”就是是从文章内容层面上来要求考生的。要很好的完成现代文的阅读题,首要的就是读懂文章的主要内容、把握住作者的思想情感,进而明确文章的中心,如果是记叙文(散文)要能完面把握文章所记叙的事情,明了主要人物大个体形象,还要能把握住作者对这些人物所寄予的情感态度,要切实的读懂每一句话,要能随着作品情感到波动而心领神会。自然和社会科学类的文章理解起来要容易一些,当时也需要把握住语段的中心,要能体会出作者用词的严密性和逻辑性。有些文章例如人文性质比较强的文章,好多考生并不能一些子就看明白,这就需要考生提醒自己,仔细阅读反复阅读,细细体味,在交卷完成最后的确定答案之前,一定要彻底读懂文章。不然,就有可能造成不必要的失分。事实证明,所有的中考阅读题,只要彻底的读懂了,一般都会做出正确而完整的答案的。

当然,读文章和做答案的方式是多种多样的,可以先读懂再答题,也可以边读边答题,在初步完成答题之后再细读文章然后进行检查。考生可以在读文章时在试卷上随意根据自己的理解做上标记,这样不会影响卷面,但是可以提高做题的效率。

现在,我们来谈一谈“读通”。

如果说“读懂”是从文章内容方面对学生做题的要求,那么,读通就是对学生对材料结构方面把握程度的要求。一篇文章要做到了然于心,必须对该篇文章的结构有一个完整而清晰的认识。了解段意、层意、搞清楚段落之间的结构关系、把握全文的行文思路、最终对文章的结构有一个完整的认识。

这里的读通,既要求考生能从最细微的地方入手,也需要从全文的角度关照。

那么,是不是做所有的阅读题都要求全面而深刻的去把文章从内容到结构的方方面面加以分析呢,我看,也未必。首先,我们要求学生在第一遍读文章的时候,就要细细体味,努力从以上几个方面去有意识的感受和把握文章,然后,再具体的根据题干要求解题的时候,运用所涉及的知识,有针对性的再去做分析,形成有效的答案,最后,在检查的时候,根据时间的具体情况,再阅读并梳理有关的答案。看看时候答题正确完整。

6.英语动词学习常见错误 篇六

[误] She laid1 down and soon fell3 asleep5.

[正] She lay6 down and soon fell asleep.

[析]考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放,lie躺,lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下:

lay (放) laid, laid, laying8 (及物动词)

lie7 (躺) lay, lain9, lying10 (不及物动词)

lie (说谎) lied, lied, lying

[误] Please rise11 your hand.

[正] Please raise12 your hand.

[析] rise 是不及物动词,其后不能接宾语,如:The sun rises13 in the east.而raise是及物动词。

[误] I like to swim very much, but I don’t like swimming this afternoon.

[正] I like swimming very much, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.

[析] like作为“喜欢”讲时,可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。但要注意的是like 与would连用时则一定要接不定式,如:Would you like to go with me?再有一点要注意的是,like作为介词“像”讲时,只能用分词作其宾语。

[误] Stop! Did16 you listen to a strange17 voice18?

[正] Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?

[析] hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么,而listen to 的侧重点为听的倾向,如:listen! Do you hear someone19 calling help?这样的词还有look与see.它们的侧重点也不同,look重于“看”的倾向,而see重于看见没看见。

[误] Did you watch some film recently20?

[正] Did you see some film recently?

[析] 英语中see 与 watch 各有不同的用处,see用于看电影、剧目,而watch用作看电视和看球赛。

[误] Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling22.

[正] Look. A beautiful lamp hung23 from the ceiling.

[析] hang有两个含义,① “挂”,它的过去时与过去分词是hung, hung;② “绞刑”,这时它是规则动词,其过去式与过去分词则为hanged, hanged.

[误] How long can I borrow24 this book?

[正] How long can I keep this book?

[析] “借”在英文中有三个词,① 借入,即borrow,如:May I borrow some books from the library?② 借出,如:I can lend25 my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep, 因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词,而keep是延续性动词。如 How long can I keep it?

[误] We have won26 your class.

[正] We have beaten27 your class.

[析] win是及物动词,其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语,应是人、队、班级等等,如:We won the game.

[误] I left my key.

[正] I forgot28 my key.

[正] I left my key at home.

[析] leave是“丢下”,其后一定要接地点状语,而forget其后不要接地点状语。

[误] Oh! It’s raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.

[正] Oh! It’s raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you.

[析] bring为“带来”如:Next time bring your little sister here.而take为“带走”,fetch为“去某处取什么回来”,如:Please fetch30 some coffee for us要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组,如: take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下take off31 脱下 take…out 拿出 take place 发生 take hold of 拿住 take part32 in 参加 take a seat33 坐下take one’s place 替代 take a look 看看 take one’s turn 轮流 take a message 捎信 take care34 of 照看 take it easy 别着急take one’s time 慢慢来 take one’s temperature35 测量体温

[误] The policeman reached36 his gun37.

[正] The policeman reached for his gun.

[析] reach作“到达”讲时是及物动词,如:I reached the hotel at 8∶30但作“伸手去拿”,则要用reach for something.作为“到达”讲时还有arrive (in+大地方)(at+较小的地方)和get to.要注意的是与get有关的词组有: get back 回来 get in 收割 get into 进入 get off 下车 get on 上车 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到达 get ready for=be ready for get on well with 与人相处融洽 get 加比较级为变得如何,例如: get colder and colder.

[误] This dictionary38 spent me five dollars.

[正] This dictionary cost39 me five dollars.

[析] 英文中的“花费”有4个spend, cost, take 和 pay40,其中spend 与pay所在句中的主语应为人,如:I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid41 five dallars for the book.而cost与take的主语则是事物,如:It takes me two years to finish this book.

[误] In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.

[正] In summer I always sleep with the windows open.

[正] I always sleep with the windows closed42.

[析]要注意open是动词也是形容词,而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。

[误] Please wait a minute. I’m having on my clothes.

[正] Please wait a minute. I’m putting on my clothes.

[析]英语中的穿衣服要分状态,是什么样的穿着打扮,还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用进行时态,它多用一般时态,如:She has on a new school dress. 而wear则多用进行时来表示状态,如:She is wearing a new sweater.在表示动作的词中put on是常用的一词。dress用作动词当“穿衣”讲时其后宾语不应接衣物,而要接人,如:My children were very young they couldn‘t dress themselves44.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词,如:He is dressed in white.

[误] My computer can’t begin. Could43 you find someone to help me?

[正] My computer can’t start. Could you find someone to help me?

[析] begin与start均可指“开始”,而且常常可以互换,如:School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在两种情况下不宜用begin 而要用start, ① 当作机器开动、发动讲,如:My car can‘t start. There must be something wrong with it.② 作为“旅途开始”讲,如:We should have to start early. There was45 a lot of traffic46 on the road.

[误] I’m very glad because I have founded48 my lost key.

[正] I’m very glad because I have found47 my lost key.

[析] find是不规则动词,它的过去式和过去分词是found, found,而found又是另外一词“建立”,它是规则动词,其过去式与过去分词是founded founded, 如:The People’s Republic49 of China was founded in 1949.

[误] Please. Let’s speak in English.

[正] Please. Let’s speak English.

[正] Please. Let’s talk in English.

[误] Can you speak it English?

[正] Can you say it in English?

[析] 英文中“说”有4个常用词say, tell, speak, talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk,如:I want to talk with you.We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词,其他情况是不及物动词。say 与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用双宾语,如:Tell us a story.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如: Tell the truth50.

[误] Can you say Japanese51 from Chinese?

[正] Can you tell Japanese from Chinese?

[析] tell…from为固定词组,即分辨两者的不同。

[误] Excuse me, did I step52 on your foot?

[正] Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot?

[析] excuse me用于未打扰对方前,以提醒对方注意的用语,而sorry则是由于自己已做的事向对方道歉。

[误] Would15 you care for to swim with us?

[正] Would you care to swim with us?

[析] care for 后接不定式时,要省略for,或换用名词,如:Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作“照顾”讲时与look after相同。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有:

ask for 请求 call for 接人,请人 care for 关心

go in for 从事 answer for 负责 look for 寻找

wait for 等待 send for 请人 pay for 付款

search53 for 寻找 leave for 去某地 prepare54 for 准备

thank somebody55 for something 为某事向某人道谢。

[误] Are you understanding56 it? Yes, I got29 to it.

[正] Do you understand it? Yes, I got it.

[析] understand这一词没有进行时态,如同感观动词love、hate57… I got it 是美语,即I understood58 it.要记住get 作为“到达”讲时是不及物动词,如:I’ll get to the school at 8 a. m.初中范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下: belong59 to 属于 come to 苏醒 point to (at) 指着get to 到达 refer60 to 谈到 stick61 to 坚持lead to 导致 turn to 翻到 look forward63 to 期望agree to 同意

[误] The meat has gone badly66.

[正] The meat has gone bad.

[析] 英语中go, get, become, turn作为转变时,其后接形容词,这时这些动词应被看作系动词。

[误] The teacher said67 the earth68 moved around the sun.

[正] The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.

[析]如果主句的谓语动词是现在时,其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如果是过去时,则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实,所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。

[误] I’ll come to see you as4 soon as I’ll be back.

[正] I’ll come to see you as soon as I am back.

[析] 在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来,如:I should tell him when he came69 back.

[误] I want to know whether70 you come to my party tomorrow or not.

[正] I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not.

[析]在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时,依然要用一般现在时表示将来,如:I want to know if it rains tomorrow you’ll come here or not.

[误] What did you do at eight last night?

[正] What were you doing at eight last night?

[析]在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时,如:I was washing71 clothes from eight till72 noon14 last Sunday

[误] My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn’t go with them, because I have seen73 it before.

[正] My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn’t go with them because I had74 seen it before.

[析]现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点,它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时;如动作截止到过去,用过去完成时。例如:I‘ve learnt English for three years.(到现在为止)又如:Before I went to college75, I had learnt English for three years. (动作截止到上大学那时,即截止于过去)

[误] I’m feeling76 well now.

[正] I feel well now.

[析]瞬间动词有些无进行时态,它们是:表示思维状态的词:believe, feel, forget, imagine78, know, mean, need, prefer79, remember, understand, want 表示感情的动词:care, like, do like, love, mind80, hate, fear81 表示状态的词:belong, own2 感观动词: feel, hear, see, smell, taste

[误] When have you done this work?

[正] When did you do this work?

[析] when提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。

[误] This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign82 countries.

[正] This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries.

[析] have gone to 是到某地去了,此人现在不在这里。have been to 是到过某地,现在此人在说话现场。

[误] I have borrowed83 this book for two weeks.

[正] I have kept this book for two weeks.

[析]截止性动词有完成时态,但不可和与表达一段时间的时间状语连用。如:When I got to the cinema the film had begun. 但要讲When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes 这样的用法还有buy, join, die84, 如:I bought this book yesterday.我昨天买的这本书。 I have had this book for two days. 这本书我已买了两天了。

I joined the club85 two years ago.两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。

I have been in this club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部已两年了。

My father died86 five years ago. 我父亲是5年前去世的。

My father has been dead87 for five years. 我父亲已去世5年了。

[误] Have you understood the lessons?

[正] Do you understand the lessons?

[析] 有些动词不易用完成时态,它们是understand, think, believe77, know (知道)

[误] It was said that the Second World War64 had broken89 out in 1939.

[误] It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939.

[正] It was said that the Second World War broke88 out in 1939.

[析]在讲述过去的历史事件时,总要用过去时而不要用完成时,而且happen, break out, take place作为发生讲时均没有被动语态。

[误] When I walked along90 the street. I happened to meet an old friend.

[正] When I was walking along the street I happened to meet an old friend.

[析]在一个长动作发生或进行的过程中,某一突然事件发生,这时长动作应用进行时(现在进行时或过去进行时),而突发性动作用一般时(一般现在时或一般过去时),如:When my father is reading91 a newspaper the telephone rings.

[误] Please buy a book to me.

[正] Please buy me a book.

[正] Please buy a book for me.

[析]在接双宾语的动词后面的两个宾语,一个是直接宾语,一个是间接宾语,如:Buy me a book中me是间接宾语,而a book是直接宾语。如果将直接宾语前置,其后应加for,其它加to如: Tell me a story. Tell a story to me. Give me a book. Give a book to me.

[误] He was seen come into the book store92.

[正] He was seen to come into the book store.

7.考研英语应用作文常见错误及指导 篇七

一、逗号(,)

1. 错用逗号

英语中的逗号可以表示句子信息的最短停顿。汉语中表达句子信息的最短停顿,需要用顿号(、)。但是,英语中没有顿号,一些学生写英语句子时,该用逗号的地方套用汉语的顿号(、),造成逗号使用错误。例如:

TV can give us the latest news、open up our eyes and enlarge our knowledge.(错误)

TV can bring us the latest news,open up our eyes and enlarge our knowledge.(正确)

电视能够带给我们最新的新闻,开阔我们的视野,增长我们的知识。

2. 没有使用逗号

英语中的逗号主要用来隔开句子的不同成分。一些学生写英语句子时,缺乏这样的意识,应该用逗号把句子不同成分隔开的地方,没有使用逗号。这也是错误的。

写作英语句子时,需要用逗号把句中的同位语、独立成分、状语短语、状语从句、非限定定语从句与句中的其他成份分隔开。例如:

Mr.Green,our foreign teacher,is very kind to us.我们的外教老师格林先生对我们非常好。(同位语)

His story,I think,is a good example to us.我相信,他的故事给我们树立了很好的榜样。(独立成分)

If I have another chance,I’ll do it much better.如果我另有一次机会,我一定会做得更好。(状语短语)

Generally speaking,air pollution will be heavily produced,if many factories are built in the city.

一般来说,如果在市区建许多工厂,那么空气污染就会非常严重。(状语从句)

Her mother,from whom I have learned a lot in the middle school,is a famous English teacher in this city.她的妈妈是本市著名的英语老师,上中学时我从她那里学到了很多。(非限定定语)

3. 乱用逗号

英语中的逗号有特殊的用法,这些用法与英语的独特性有关,一些学生由于没有掌握逗号的特殊用法,而乱用逗号。

在英语中,表达具体日期、具体地址会用逗号。例如:

It was on Monday,May 13,2013 that his bookstore was closed.他的书店是2013年5月13日,星期一关门的。(具体日期)

Our school is located at No.124 Chaoyang street,Yantan district,Xi’an.我们学校位于西安市雁塔区朝阳街124号。(具体地址)

逗号用来分隔人名与职称、头衔。例如:

Bill Clinton,President of United States visited China that year.那年,美国总统比尔·克林顿访问中国。

4. 连用逗号

一些学生写作文时,每个句子结束都用逗号,也就是通常说的“一逗到底”。这也是典型的逗号使用错误。例如:

On the eve of the new year,each family has its members gathered together,eats a family reunion dinner,after the meal,all the family members watch TV until the clock strickes twelve,then,every family sets off long strings of small firecrackers to welcome the new year.

上面的例子可以改为:

On the eve of the new year,each family has its members gathered together,and eats a family reunion dinner.After the meal,all the family members watch TV until the clock strickes twelve.Then,every family sets off long strings of small firecrackers to welcome the new year.

二、分号(;)

1. 用逗号代替代分号

英语分号的作用是分隔没有任何连接词(and,but,or,nor)但语义相近的句子。例如:

My brother’s bike is new,mine is two years old.(错误)

Tony doesn’t like cheese,he likes butter.(错误)

My brother’s bike is new;mine is two years old.(正确)

Tony doesn’t like cheese;he likes butter.(正确)

2. 没有用分号分隔已有逗号的并列成分

分号分隔已有逗号的并列成分,可以避免歧义。例如下列的并列成分可以这样表达:

I propose the following suggestions to improve your Englishreadingcomprehension:first,getsome simplified English books;next,read ten pages with the dictionary every day;last,note the difficulties and ask for your teacher.

三、感叹号(!)

1. 感叹句中缺少感叹号

与汉语感叹号的用法一样,英语感叹号一般用于感叹和惊叹的句子中。英语的感叹句往往由what和how开头。一些中学生在写作文时,虽然以what和how开头,但由于粗心或自认为句子感叹特征不强烈,就没有使用感叹号。例如:

How hard the students are working.(错误)

What a kindhearted women my English teacher is.(错误)

How hard the students are working!(正确)

What a kindhearted women my English teacher is!(正确)

2. 非感叹句错误使用感叹号

与上述学生缺乏感叹号相反的是,一些中学生总是在不以what和how开头的句子后面随意使用感叹号。还有中学生写好一个句子后,感觉句子带有一定的感叹特征,就在句子后面同时使用其他符号(如问号、句号)和感叹号。这些写法都是错误的。例如:

We can't tolerate his mistakes!(错误)

I like playing football and swimming!(错误)

We can't tolerate his mistakes.(正确)

I like playing football and swimming.(正确)

四、连字号(-)

1. 漏写连字符

在英语中,连字符主要作用是把两个单词连接在一起,构成复合词。但是一些学生在写作时,没有使用连字符的意识,以为两个单词相邻就可以构成一个新词。这样就造成一些复合词因漏写连字符而产生歧义,因为一个复合词是一个复合单元语义,带连字符的复合词与不带连字符的复合词语义可能存在差异。如:

Mr.William was a small-business man.威廉先生是位做小买卖的商人。

Mr.William was a small business man.威廉先生是一个身材矮小的商人。

2. 乱写连字符

一些学生使用连字符构成英语复合词时,不根据英语复合词的构词规则,胡乱使用连字符,这会造成错误,主要表现为两点。

首先,连字符连接的单词应该是单数,而不应该是复数。例如:

Jim is a 15-years-old boy.(错误)

Jim is a 15-year-old boy.(正确)

其次,英语中使用连字符的复合词应符合以下主要类型:

(1)形容词+名词:如old-time(老套的);long-distance(长途的);

(2)名词+v-ing:如Spanish-speaking讲西班牙语的,peace-loving(热爱和平的);

(3)名词+过去分词:如hand-made(手工制作的),snow-covered(冰雪覆盖的),home-made(家庭制作的);

(4)副词+过去分词:如well-known(著名的),highly-developed(高度发达的);

(5)副词+v-ing:如hard-working(勤劳的);

(6)名词+名词:如man-teacher(男老师),love-song(情歌),story-book(故事书);

(7)名词+形容词:如snow-white(雪白的);

(8)形容词+v-ing(或过去分词):如funny-looking(相貌可笑的);

(9)形容词+形容词:如dark-blue ink(深蓝色的墨水);

(10)21-99的复合数词:如thirty-nine(39),fifty-one(51);

(11)表示分数的词:如a three-fourths(占四分之三);

(12)带前缀的词:如:self-control(自制),ex-president(前总统),half-asleep(半睡的)。

五、引号(“”)

1. 用汉语书名号(《》)代替英语引号

英语中没有汉语书名号(《》)。在英语书籍和报刊上,常常把书名、文章名用斜体文字表示。但是,人们用英语手写书名、文章名时,不好用斜体,就常常使用引号把书名、文章名表示出来。例如:

《The Million Pound Note》is written by Mark Twain.(错误)

“The Million Pound Note”is written by Mark Twain.(正确)

2. 对特殊意义词没有使用引号

如:Since then,we call him tall A.(错误)

Since then,we call him“tall A”.(正确)

3. 引号位置错误

如:I wrote on the cover of my English book,“I am going to college next year”.(错误)

I wrote on the cover of my English book,“I am going to college next year.”(正确)

六、冒号(:)

冒号错误常表现为用逗号来代替冒号。例如:

We have got all things we need in the exam,a pencil,a black pen,a ruler,and some pieces of paper.(错误)

My friend forgot the most important thing for the exam,identification card.(错误)

We have got all things we need in the exam:a pencil,a black pen,a ruler,and some pieces of paper.(正确)

My friend forgot the most important thing for the exam:identification card.(正确)

七、句号(.)

句号错误常表现为,缩写词之后再次使用句号,例如:

We bought some books,pens,clothes,etc..(错误)

We bought some books,pens,clothes,etc.(正确)

八、问号(?)

常见的问号错误是间接疑问句结尾使用问号,例如:

I wonder how you will solve the problem?(错误)

I wonder how you will solve the problem.(正确)

本文整理了八种中学生英语作文中常见的标点符号写作错误。除此之外,中学生在写英语作文时还应特别注意,英语中没有汉语中常用的顿号(、)和书名号(《》),英语中的省略号只有三个点(…),而不是六个点(……)。标点符号在英文写作中发挥着举足轻重的作用,中学生应掌握其使用规则,养成良好的写作习惯,为产出优质作文打下牢固基础。

摘要:本文分析了8种中学生英语作文中常见的标点符号写作错误,并指出正确使用英语标点符号的方法,同时强调指出汉语中常用而英语中不能出现的顿号和书名号,还指出了英语中的省略号与汉语中省略号的不同之处。中学生应准确掌握标点符号的使用规则,提高写作水平。

关键词:英语作文,标点符号,错误类型

参考文献

[1]李经伟.英语标点符号用法指南[M].北京:金盾出版社,2004.

[2]陆谷孙.英汉大词典[Z].上海:上海译文出版社,1995.

8.考研英语应用作文常见错误及指导 篇八

一、不清楚部分动词可做系动词

在英语中,除了系动词be以外,还有一些词可以做系动词,其后接形容词、名词或者介词短语做表语,这类词有become,turn,grow,look(做“看起来”讲时),smell,taste,feel,keep等。如果我们不牢记这些特殊的系动词,在中考中就会犯以下错误:

例1:(2015年 上海市)The little dancer looks________________in the long skirt.

A. gently B. happily C. beautifully D. lovely

分析:此题考查同学们对look这一动词用法的掌握,判断该动词在句中做实义动词还是系动词,同时还考查了形容词和副词词义的辨析。根据句意“这个小舞者身穿这条长裙时,看上去很可爱”。 look当“看上去,看起来”讲是系动词,后接形容词做表语。gently是副词,意为“文雅地”;happily也是副词,意为 “快乐地”; beautifully意为 “美丽地,漂亮地”,为副词; lovely意为“可爱的”,为形容词,故选D。部分同学一看见动词是look,就以为它做实义动词讲,应该接副词,根据句子意思就会选择C。

答案:D。

二、混淆了“动词+副词”短语和“动词+介词”短语

部分同学在遇到“动词+副词”结构的短语后面接代词做宾语时,误以为是“动词+介词”结构的短语,会把代词放在副词后面,主要原因就是没有搞清楚这两类动词短语接宾语时用法上的差异。一般来说,“动词+介词”结构的短语,无论宾语是名词还是代词,都应放在介词之后,动词+介词短语主要有:look after,look for,listen to,talk about/with,think about/of等;而“动词+副词”结构的短语,如果宾语是名词,则可放在动词和副词中间,也可以放在副词后面;如果宾语是代词it 或them,则只能放在动词和副词中间。“动词+副词”短语主要有:get back,put on,take off,pick up,try on,turn on,clean up,look up,put up,wake up,put away,give up,write down等。同学们最好牢记这两类常用短语,否则就会出错:

例2:(2014年 甘肃省白银市)

—Daisy,look at your bedroom. What a mess!

—Sorry,I’ll ______ right now.

A. put up it B. clean up it

C. put it up D. clean it up

分析:考查“动词+副词”结构的短语后面接代词做宾语。根据上句可知答语句意为“我将马上把它打扫干净”,不难判断应该用clean up。可是部分没有记清楚“动词+副词”结构和“动词+介词”结构短语的同学,会误认为it应该放后面,因此会毫不犹豫地选B。而对于那些了解这两类常用动词短语的同学来说就很简单了:这里是“动词+副词”结构短语,代词应该放在副词之前,由此也就不难给出正确答案了。

答案:D。

三、情态动词的特殊用法混淆不清

我们都知道,含有情态动词的一般疑问句其回答一般来说也应该用句中的情态动词。可是有两种特殊情况:

由must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答和由could引导一般疑问句的否定回答例外。由must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答不用mustn’t(不允许,不应该), 而用needn’t(不必),部分不了解这一用法的同学就会不假思索地直接选择mustn’t。

例3:(2015年 江苏省南通市)

—Must I dress up as the Monkey King?

—No, you______ . You can choose whatever you like.

A.can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t

分析:本题考查由must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答。部分同学一看见情态动词must,就以为其否定回答用mustn’t,会毫不犹豫地选B,就没有想过mustn’t的意思为“不允许,不应该,禁止”。掌握了由must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答的特殊用法的同学就会知道应用needn’t,因此应选D。

答案:D。

由could引导的一般疑问句的否定回答也不用couldn’t, 而用can’t代替。如果我们不牢记这一语法知识,就有可能在考试中出差错。

例4:(2014年 山东省泰安市)

—Could you please have a walk with me?

—Sorry, I____. I have something important to do now.

A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. couldn’t

分析:考查情态动词的用法。如果同学们知道由could引导的一般疑问句的否定回答不用couldn’t而用can’t,就不难给出答案C。部分同学可能会根据问句中的could来判断,错误地选择D,那就出差错了。

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答案:C。

四、动词时态和语态的误用

一般过去时与现在完成时的动作都发生在过去,本应该用现在完成时态的可能会有同学用一般过去时;该用一般现在时态的会误用为一般将来时态;该用被动语态时会误用主动语态:

例5:(2014年 山东省潍坊市)If it______________rain tomorrow, we’ll go hiking.

A. won’t B. doesn’t C. don’t D. didn’t

分析:考查动词的时态。部分同学会根据时间状语tomorrow误选A。我们知道,由if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时。

答案:B。

例6:(2015年 辽宁省沈阳市)When you ______ a difficult task, try to continue with it and finish it.

A. give B. are giving C. gave D. are given

分析:本题考查动词的语态。这里主语是“you”,会有同学误认为是主动语态,会误选A。根据句意“当你被给予一项艰巨的任务时,努力继续做下去并完成它”。“you”与“give”之间存在被动关系,应使用被动语态,所以选D才对。

答案:D。

例7:(2015年 黑龙江省哈尔滨市)I wonder when Subway Ⅱ in Harbin ______. When the day comes, I’ll spend less time going to school every day.

A. is finished B. will be finished

C. was finished D. will finish

分析:考查动词的时态和语态。本题物做主语,同学们应该不难判断用被动语态。因为句子中没有具体的时间状语,部分同学会误认为用一般现在时,会误选A。由“When the day comes, I’ll spend less time going to school every day.”可知,“finish”发生在将来,因此应该用一般将来时态的被动语态。

答案:B。

五、误用have/has gone to 和 have/has been to

have/has gone to表示某人到某地去了,还没有回来,人不在说话地点;have/has been to 则表示某人曾经去过某地,人已经回来,在说话地点。部分同学忽视了这一用法,因此常常出错。

例8:(2007年 重庆市)My aunt isn’t here. She______________ Shanghai on business. She will be back in three days.

A. went B. has gone to

C. has been to D. will go to

分析:考查have/has gone to 与have/has been to 的用法。由“My aunt isn’there.”可知,人不在说话地点,还没有回来,因此应该用 has gone to,应选B。部分区分不了二者用法的同学会误选C。

答案:B。

六、 there be句式的一般将来时与have的用法混淆不清

there be句式表示存在的“有”,表示某地或某时存在着某人或某物,它的将来时为“there will be”或“there is/are going to be”,往往会有同学会错误地认为它的将来时是“there will have”或“there is/are going to have”。

例9:(2015年 广东省广州市)The weather forecast says that ______ another storm tomorrow.

A. there will have B. there will be

C. there has D. there has been

分析:考查there be句式的一般将来时。“there be”表示存在的“有”,由“tomorrow”可知,应该用一般将来时,其将来时应为“there will be”,应该选B。部分同学不知道“there be”意思为“有”,会加上“have”,会误选A。

答案:B。

七、非延续性动词与一段时间连用时会出错

非延续性动词一般来说不可以与一段时间连用,若要与一段时间连用,则要转换成延续性动词,不掌握这一语法规则,就会出错。那怎样将非延续性动词转换成延续性动词呢?常见的有:come—be here;leave—be away;die—be dead;begin—be on;buy—have;join—be in;open—be open;borrow—keep;finish—be over等。

例 10:(2015年 广东省)Lei Feng ______ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.

A. died B. has died

C. was died D. has been dead

分析:本题考查非延续性动词的时态及用法。句意为:雷锋去世好多年了,但是他的精神仍然鼓舞着我们。根据“for many years”可知应用现在完成时态,部分同学不知道die为非延续性动词,就会错误地选B。实际上,非延续性动词与一段时间连用时需要转换成be dead,其现在完成时就应为“has been dead”,应选D才对。

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答案:D。

八、 非谓语动词的固定搭配的误用

有些动词后面只能接动词不定式做宾语,如:hope,decide,learn,wish,agree,plan,pretend,fail,afford,promise,tell/ask等;有的动词后面只能接动名词做宾语,如:mind,finish,keep,enjoy,suggest,spend,practice,avoid等。若我们不牢记这些非谓语动词的固定搭配,做题时就很容易出现错误。

例11:(2015年 湖北省黄冈市)

—China is getting better and better at making high technology products.

—That’s right. People around the world can hardly avoid ______ products made in China.

A. not buying B. not to buy C. to buy D. Buying

分析:本题考查非谓语动词的固定搭配。由“China is getting better and better at making high technology products.”可知,世界各地的人们几乎不能避免买到中国制造的产品。avoid后面只能接动名词做宾语,“avoid (not)doing sth. ”意为“避免(不)做某事”,显然应该选D。而部分同学没能记住这一固定搭配会误以为avoid 后面接动词不定式做宾语,会毫不犹豫地错选成C。

答案:D。

例12:(2015年 内蒙古呼和浩特市)Mr. Smith told his son ______ the football match because of the exam.

A. not to watch B. to not watch

C. not watching D. doesn’t watch

分析:考查非谓语动词的固定搭配。句意为:因为要考试,Smith先生告诉他的儿子不要看足球比赛。“tell sb. not to do sth.”意为“告诉某人不要做某事”,为固定搭配,故选A。若我们不掌握这一固定搭配,很可能会误选C。

答案:A。

为了避免出现以上错误,我们必须掌握:哪些动词可以当作系动词用;“动词+副词”短语接代词做宾语时,代词只能放在代词与副词之间;must 和could一般疑问句否定回答的特殊用法;学会根据主语是动作的执行者还是承受者来判断该用主动语态还是被动语态;发生在过去的动作,与现在有关,或者对现在产生了影响的则用现在完成时,否则用过去时;if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,则从句用一般现在时(尽管时间状语为将来的时间);分清have/has gone to“某人去了某地,不在说话地点”与have/has been to“曾经去过某地已经回来,人在说话地点”的区别;there be句式 的一般将来时为there will be,其后不加have;非延续性动词与表示一段时间的状语连用时必须转换成延续性动词;非谓语动词的固定搭配等诸多知识点。只有如此,我们才会在动词与非谓语动词这一考点上做到不失分。

9.中考英语常见错误F之三 篇九

first ?

[误] Is this your firstly visit to Beijing??

[正] Is this your first visit to Beijing??

[析] 除了在强调第一、第二、第三等场合中有时还可见firstly一词外,这个词已不多见,而均被first取代。first还有“首先”、“首次”、“第一次”之意。

follow ?

[误] I received a letter which ran as follow.?

[正] I received a letter which ran as follows.?

[析] as follows是惯用法,其意为“如下”,不论在任何场合均要用follows.?

[误] As follows are his arguments.?

[正] The following are his arguments.?

[析] as follows主要用于句尾,而the following则用于句首。?

food ?

[误] Too much sweet food, such as cakes, chocolates,pastry…may increase your weight.?

[正] Too many foods, such as cakes, chocolates,pastry…may increase your weight.

[析] food泛指食物时为不可数名词,如:There is no food for supper. 而指一种种食物时则用作可数名词。?

foot?

[误] There is a five?feet?wide bridge.?

[正] There is a five?foot?wide bridge.?

[析] 用连字符组成的形容词中所有名词均要用单数形式。?

[误] We went to college on feet.?

[正] We went to college on foot.?

[析] by后面加接交通工具时,不应加任何冠词,不要用名词的`复数形式。如加了某些修饰词后,其前面的介词要作适当的改变,如:I came to school in his car yesterday. I go to shool on a train.?

for ?

[误] I wanted to go to the pub for having a drink.?

[正] I wanted to go to the pub for a drink.?

[正] I wanted to go to the pub to have a drink.?

[析] 用for表示目的时,其后面只能接名词,而不要接动名词。?

[误] I went to the office for seeing the headmaster.?

[正] I went to the office to see the headmaster.?

[析] 用不定式来表示动作的目的。?

[误] I will leave Beijing to Shanghai.?

[正] I will leave Beijing for Shanghai.?

[正] I will leave for Shanghai.?

[析] leave for为一固定搭配,不要改动。?

[误] I bought a book to you.?

[正] I bought a book for you.?

[误] He is a friend for us.?

[正] He is a friend to us.?

[析] 在英文中“为”一词在泛指时用to, 在特指时要用for.?

[误] This food is good to us.?

[正] This food is good for us.?

[析] 词组be good (bad) for 表示“对……有好(坏)处”。?

[误] For I was feeling quite hungry, I wanted to have lunch.?

[正] I wanted to have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.?

[析] for作为“因为”讲时一般不要置于句首,而且口气也比because弱的多。

10.商务英语文书中常见的翻译错误 篇十

商务英语文书中常见的翻译错误

在一些由中文翻译的英语样本、合同、广告和其他文件材料中常见一些翻译错误,现仅举几个出现频率较高的例子,试作分析,谨供读者朋友参考。

1.由港澳国际投资公司投资的海口电站工程因其建设速度和质量得到高度评价。原译文:The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd.was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality.注:投资某项工程应为invest in a project,在被动语态中不能漏去前置词in。应译为:The Haikou Power Station Project invested in(在某些情况下可用financed or funded)by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd.was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality.2.上海SFECO拥有5个控股子公司。原译文:Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding companies.注:share-holding company指控制或持有某公司股权的股东公司。上述译文意思是5个公司持有Shanghai SFECO Group的股份,换句话说,这5个公司是“老子”公司,因此显然不符合中文原意。应译为:Shanghai SFECO Group is a holding company of 5 subsidiary companies.或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary companies.3.中国民生银行有限公司。原译文:China Minsheng Banking Corporation, Ltd.注:corporation本身即为有限公司,相当于limited company,英译中无需再加“Ltd”。应译为:China Minsheng Banking Corporation

4.项目中标之后,我们将立即开始前期准备工作。原译文:After the bid is awarded, we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation.注:项目中标应为accept a bid or award the contract。显然上述译文把两种表达法相混淆了。应译为:After the bid is accepted(or the contract is awarded), we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation.5.欢迎您参观我们交易会。原译文:Welcome you to visit our fair!

注:译文中welcome是动词,因此此句是祈使句形式,省略的主语为第二人称你(你们),而不是中文所含的我(我们)之意。应译为:We welcome you to visit our trade fair!更简洁而地道的译法是:Welcome to our trade fair!

6.我公司出口工业产品、化工产品、医药等。原译文:Our company exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines and etc.注:etc.等于and so on或and others,已含有and的成分,上述译文无需加上and一词。

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