关于教育的英文诗朗诵

关于教育的英文诗朗诵（14篇）

1.关于教育的英文诗朗诵 篇一

I never teach my pupils; I only attempt to provide the conditions in which they can learn.”— Albert Einstein, Physicist

我从不教我的学生;我只试图提供能让他们学习的条件。– 爱因斯坦 (物理学家)

A child is not a vase to be filled, but a fire to be lit.”— François Rabelais, Writer

孩子不是一个等著被填满的瓶子，而是被点燃的火焰。– 弗朗索瓦‧拉伯雷 (作家)

What’s done to children, they will do to society.”— Karl Menninger, Psychiatrist

对孩子做的事，他们也将对社会这么做。– 卡尔‧梅宁哲 (精神科医师)

Don’t tell people how to do things, tell them what to do and let them surprise you with their results.”— George Patton, General

不用告诉别人怎么做事，告诉他们要做什么，他们的结果将令你感到讶异。– 乔治‧巴顿 (将军)

Do not train a child to learn by force or harshness; but direct them to it by what amuses their minds, so that you may be better able to discover with accuracy the peculiar bent of the genius of each.”— Plato, Greek Philosopher

不要以威势或严厉来训练孩子学习，借由让他们感到快乐的事物引导他们，好让你更能精准的发现每一位天才独特的才华。」– 柏拉图 (古希腊哲学家)

Education comes from within; you get it by struggle and effort and thought.”— Napolean Hill, Motivational writer

教育源自于内心;你经由挣扎、努力、及思考而学习。– 拿破仑‧希尔 (励志作家)

Education is an ornament in prosperity and a refuge in adversity.”— Aristotle, Philosopher

教育是兴盛时的点缀物及逆境时的避难所。– 亚里斯多德 (哲学家)

Education has produced a vast population able to read but unable to distinguish what is worth reading. (George Macaulay Trevelyan British historian)

教育造就了一大批人，他们会读书，但是不会区别什么书值得读。(英国历史学家 特里维廉 G M)

Education is not the filling of a pail but the lighting of a fire. (William Butler Yeats, lrish poet)

教育不是注满一桶水，而且点燃一把火。(爱尔兰诗人 叶芝 B W)

Education is the chief defence of nations. (Edmund Bruke, British statesman)

教育是国家的主要防御力量。(英国政治家 伯克)

Education is the transmission of civilization. (Will Drant, American historian and essayist)

教育传播文明。(美国历史学家、散文家杜兰特.W.)

Education makes a people easy to lead, but difficult to drive easy to govern but imposible to slave. (Brougham, British statesman)

教育使一个民族容易领导，但是难于驱使;容易管理，却不可能奴役。(英国政治家 布罗马汉姆)

Every person has two education, one which he receives from others, and one , more important, which he gives himself. (Edward Gibbon, British historian)

每个人都受两种教育，一种来自别人，另一种更重要的是来自自己。(英国历史学家 吉朋 E)

2.关于教育的英文诗朗诵 篇二

(1) 英文摘要须在中文摘要修改的基础上进行撰写, 内容应与中文摘要一致。

(2) 英文摘要应与中文摘要中的格式一致, 必须包括目的、方法、结果及结论四部分。

(3) 英文摘要的文字应注意语法严密、准确, 符合英文科技语言的语法习惯。字母拼写正确无误, 大小写、正斜体、上下角标明确, 同时附3~5个关键词 (Key words) 。

(4) 英文摘要中应尽量少用缩略语, 需要时, 必须在该缩略语第一次出现时注明全称。

3.关于教育的英文诗朗诵 篇三

关键词　服装广告　全英文　教学

中图分类号：H319 文献标识码：A

服装广告学（Fashion　Advertising）是一门具有极强实践性的交叉专业课程。它集市场营销学、心理学、美学等为一体。全英文课程的开设，不论对于专业教师或是学生都是个很大的挑战。如何不让全英文课程沦为单纯的翻译课程，是全英文教学中需要直面的问题。

1　课程目标

本课程的设立以“培养具有国际视野，拥有较强实践能力的人才”为课程建设目标。为达到上述目标，本课程着重如下几点的建设：

（1）参与性。通过搭建师生参与课程的互动平台，引导学生项目参与，激发学生的学习热情。笔者主持了校创意实践服装展示平台的建设，该平台主要是通过实体和虚拟展示手段，为服装广告、展示等课程提供教研平台。为了提升学生的兴趣，该平台开发了一些项目，让学生适当地参与。通过将理论教学与实境教学的结合，极大提高了学生的学习积极性。

（2）实践性。大学生的实践能力不强，已成为影响学生就业、社会适应和创造性的重要因素。本课程的设计，希望通过实践环节的强化，来增强学生的综合专业能力的提升。比如，课程中设置了一个“Presentation”环节，要求学生针对广告课程，课下做一些主题研究。

（3）引导性。作为应用类的课程，授课教师不仅仅是知识传授者，也是行业导师。服装广告内容繁多，从广告调研、策划、创意、制作直至媒介，代表着不同的职业发展方向。每个学生的个人的能力和兴趣都不尽相同。有些学生的组织沟通能力较强；有些学生则擅长创意和制作。所以应该针对学生的不同特点，鼓励学生探索各自不同的兴趣方向。

2　教材选择

选择教材是一门课程的开课基础。目前市场上出现了一批针对广告学的英文教材，通过一段时间的筛选，我们锁定了《当代广告学精要》（Essentials　of　Contemporary　Advertising）。这本教材，让我们真切地感受到了它对课程教学的莫大帮助。好的双语教材选择要点，总结如下：

（1）拥有完备的教辅内容。在对比中外数本不同教材之后，笔者切实体会到经典教材对于教辅资料编撰的用心。目前市场上的大多数教材，只是单纯地罗列课程章节内容、案例和课程思考题。但对于全英文教学来说，这些是远远不够的。由于是全英文授课，这就要求教师需要付出比普通课程更多的时间备课。这也要求教材能够提供尽量完备的教辅资料。本课程选用的阿伦斯的教材，就拥有海量教辅资料。从课件、教师指导到视频、网络资料应有尽有，让教师节省了大量资料准备时间，从而将注意力专注于课程准备上。

（2）具有国际视野。作为市场经济的产物，广告在国外经历了数百年的发展历程，总结了一整套完整理论体系。全英文课程开设的一个重要目的就是为了汲取国外专业课程的精华，体会理解先进的教学思维模式和方式方法。国外的教材，索然在结构框架和内容编排上与教师一般的授课习惯不尽相同；但是一些经典教材，仍然具有非常大的优势。首先，国外经典教材的逻辑严密完整。比如我们选用的《当代广告学精要》（essentials　of　contemporary　advertising），它对当代广告的基本理论、沿革、经济社会与法规层面的思考直至理解广告目标受众、广告策划、广告创意过程、接触受众、整合营销传播等一系列理论进行了精细的梳理，体现了最新国际的广告学的研究成果。

3　教学方法

（1）增强学生的参与性。在教师主导教学的前提下，充分调动学生的学习兴趣。比如，通过情境课堂等方式，让学生在实际参与过程中，体验服装广告的内涵。如在广告创意与制作中，结合学校的服装展示活动，让学生根据主题进行会展广告招贴的设计，独立完成广告创意和平面设计，对个人设计方案展开评比，选出最佳创意、最佳文案和最佳设计等奖项。组织英文广告辩论赛、穿插广告软件学习模块。这些环节设置，大幅提升了学生的积极性，取得了很好的教學效果。

（2）组织专题学习小组。以四个同学为一小组，组织学生自主学习，比如课前预习和专题研讨。由于全英文课程有大量的专业词汇，如果学生没有进行课前预习，不出一刻钟就会走神，对学习失去兴趣。所以要想上好课，必须双重“备课”，教师备好课，学生也要“备好课”。

（3）利用数字化手段拓展课堂空间。适时地拓宽网络课堂和虚拟课堂，利用新型教学方法打破传统课堂时间、地理上的限制。比如建设课程网站，设置包括主题讨论、广告资料链接、优秀作业在线展示　、有问必答等互动板块，打破传统课堂45分钟的界限。加强学生与教师的沟通，利用飞信将每个班级编组，学生如有任何问题可以随时通过飞信提问。同时教师的教学要求和教学补充资料可以通过飞信及时传递给学生。通过拓展课堂空间、共享资源，使之成为“活”的课堂。

4　结语

服装广告全英文课程的开设，对于教师和学生都是一个很大的挑战。从教师角度来说，应该结合专业特点，以培养实践性人才为出发点，来选择合适教材、优化教学环节和提升教学效果。在课程设计上，应突出参与性、实践性和引导性，意在培养具有较强专业能力和综合能力的实践型人才。在此基础上，需要注重选择经典教材并灵活运用各种教学手段。在教材选择上，应该具备国际视野，同时兼具海量的教辅资料，从而能够使教师脱离繁重的资料准备，专注于备课；在教学方法上，秉承课程特点，提倡课程的参与性、互动性和数字化，从而取得较好的教学效果。

参考文献

[1]　王霞.关于高校双语课程教学的几点思考[J].知识经济，2012（5）.

[2]　崔淼.专业实践应用课程的双语教学反思：以“广告心理学”为例[J].消费导刊，2009（8）.

[3]　顾永琦，董连忠.香港双语教学尝试的经验教训及启示[J].现代外语，2005（1）.

[4]　戴烽.《广告心理学》网络双语教学新探索[J].南昌高专学报，2009（6）.

4.英文诗歌朗诵 篇四

there’s a spot in my heart

which no colleen may own;

there’s a depth in my soul

never sounded or known;

there’s a place in my memory

my life that you feel;

no other can take it

no one ever will;

every sorrow or care

in the dear days gone by;

was made me bright by the light

of the smile in your eye;

like a candle that’s set

in a window at night;

your found love has cheered me

and guided me right;

sure i love the dear silver

that shines in your hair;

and the brow that’s all furrowed

and wrinkled with care;

i kiss the dear fingers

so toilwarm for me;

oh! god bless you and keep you

mother machree!

英文诗歌朗诵(2)：

today and tomorrow

yesterday's tomorrow is today,

tomorrow's yesterday is today,

today ,as a bridge,is more important,so do cherish today!

today is the first day of new week.not a good begin i think ,

i lose something and feel so sad, i know i am growing up.

never look back ,cherish what i have now and make my future brighter!!

i should learnt how to live how to deal with thing and learn to do everything as a infant. the world changes so quickly!!

people change so quickly, just find i am so puerility that didn't know how to deal well with the relationship between people and made myself so hard.

i think i am a simple boy but frankly i find i think too much and most of the thing i thought will never happen.

anyway! don't worry be happy!! you have so many great friends!!

5.7年级英文朗诵8 篇五

Earth Hour

Earth Hour started in Sydney at 7:30 p.m on March 31,2007.More than 2.2 million homes and businesses turned off their lights for an hour.A year later, on March 29, Earth Hour 2008 become a global activity and was supported by 50 million people from 35 countries.This year, on March 28, over 2100 cities in 88 countries took part in it.And Earth Hour came to China.The activity aims to save energy and improve climate.We have save different ways to spend the dark hour such as having dinner with our family in the candlelight and sharing stories with our friends.We can also have parties or take a walk in the parks.Come on!Join us in Earth Hour 2010!

6.7年级英文朗诵2[定稿] 篇六

Dear Sir or Madam,I am a middle school student.I have recently learned from the newspaper that you are going to build a factory here in my hometown.There is no doubt that it is good for the development of my hometown and it will provide us with more jobs.Most of us stand by the program.However, some of us are worried that the factory will make much noise and pollute the environment of the area.I would like to know whether you have any plans for the environment protection.Would you please offer us more information about it?I’m looking forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully,Zhang Hua

7.关于中英文摘要的书写要求 篇七

摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的, 不加评论的解释, 简明确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有自明性和独立性, 并拥有与一次文献同等量的主要信息。即不阅读全文就能获得必要的信息。通常中文摘要以不超过400字为宜。应以第三人称的语气书写。不要使用“本文”“作者”“我们”等作为陈述的主语。

摘要一律采用四要素式, 即: (1) 目的 (objective) :简要说明研究的目的, 说明提出问题的缘由, 表明研究的范围和重要性。 (2) 方法 (methods) :简要说明研究课题的基本设计, 使用了什么材料和方法, 如何分组对照, 研究范围及精确程度, 数据是如何取得的, 经何种统计学方法处理。 (3) 结果 (results) :简要列出研究主要结果和数据, 有什么新发现, 说明其价值及局限。叙述要具体、准确。并需给出结果的置信值、统计学显著性检验的确切值。 (4) 结论 (conclusion) :简要说明经验证、论证取得的正确观点其理论价值或应用价值, 是否可推荐或推广等。英文摘要的内容与中文摘要的内容大体相一致, 英文摘要四要素的小标题应根据实际情况确定单复数。

在英文摘要内容前仍需附英文文题、作者单位 (包括邮政编码) 及作者姓名。中、英文摘要具体书写格式同前。敬请广大读者、作者周知, 并遵照此要求投稿, 力求杂志更加规范化、标准化。

8.教育领域标志英文译写现状探究 篇八

公共场所双语标志是城市对外宣传的名片，反映了一个城市的整体素质以及国际化程度，标志英文译写的优劣直接影响到该城市的国际形象。

在教育领域，各学校和机构的标志的英文译写将直接影响到学生对英汉语言的规范使用，影响学生与家长对学校的选择，同时也将影响学校和教育机构的对外宣传和教育的国际化程度。“名不正则言不顺，言不顺则事不成”。教育是培养人的一种社会活动，对人的言行的影响是潜移默化的，因此，教育领域公示语的英文译写必须做到准确无误，并且按照统一的国家标准进行译写。

一、标志英译现状分析

教育领域作为教书育人的场所，公示语英译出现的问题较其他领域少很多，但从学校性质上来看，有些学校，甚至是公办的四星级高中，在学校名称的翻译上也还存在问题，这反映出了相关人员、相关部门以及社会大众对标志英译规范的重视度还不够。

调查表明，教育领域标志英文译写出现的问题集中在设施信息和警示警告信息的英译上，主要问题类别有语法错误、书写错误、逐字翻译、选词不当、不符合英文表达惯例、中英语义不对等、英文指代不明、同一机构内各处翻译不一致、拼音翻译、字母脱落、字母遮挡及模糊和无翻译。

二、导致标志英译问题的原因分析

1.文化角度——中西文化差异大，思维方式不同。随着国际化程度的不断加深，各国人民交流更加密切，很多外国友人来到中国寻求长期发展，他们的孩子则需要在中国接受教育，因此教育行业需要与时俱进，标志英译在其中发挥了尤为重要的作用。此次调查通过深入的研究发现，标志英译所出现的问题其实就是译者对中西文化理解的不深入及片面性。译者通常在翻译标志时，受到母语负迁移的影响，忽视了读者的文化背景和语言习惯，从而造成了不必要的误解。因此要做到译写的尽善尽美，一定要考虑到文化的差异性，同时注意语言的差异，如词汇含义、表达惯例和语法结构。良好的标志译写能使外国友人在理解标志含义的同时，也理解中国的特色文化内涵，这不仅能够给外国友人提供极大的帮助，也将提升整个教育事业的形象乃至整个城市的形象。

2.社会角度——缺乏统一的标准，管理力度不够。公共服务领域标志英文译写是我国城市建设的重要内容，也是政府语言文字工作的一项重要任务。2011年，教育部语言文字信息管理司成立课题组开展了相关工作，到2013年12月31日，发布了国家标准版的《公共服务领域英文译写规范第1部分：通则》，2014年7月15日起实施。但在此之前，并没有相应的国家统一的标准对公共场所标志的英译进行规范，因此，标志的翻译大多由各个单位或个人根据自身英语基础或借助字典和翻译软件进行翻译，有很大的随意性，且无需经过相关部门或专家的批准和审核，无法保证译文的质量，从而导致了胡译、乱译现象的出现。相关领域译写统一标准的缺失，是标志英译出现问题的主要原因。

然而，虽然自2014年下半年起便实施了相关的国家规定，但标志英译问题仍普遍存在。通过调查不难发现，标志的制作多由广告公司来承担，他们对标志的颜色和形状设计都十分讲究，但参与翻译的专业人员却很少，熟悉特定领域英文译写的专业翻译人员更是少之又少了。有些标志由于制作时不够精细，长时间使用后便会出现脱落等现象，这就导致字母脱落问题在标志英译出现的问题中占了较大的比重。再加上政府及相关部门对各领域标志英译的监管力度还远远不够、社会公民对标志英译的关注度还不高，实现标志英译的统一就更加困难了。

三、对于规范标志英文译写的建议

1.提高公民文化意识。加快转变公民观念，将“标志英文译写是整个社会的工作”这一思想根植于每位公民的心中，鼓励公民积极参与工作之中，为规范标志英文译写贡献自己的一份力量。通过学校等教育机构组织各种活动对学生进行教育，帮助他们更好地理解这一观念。除此以外，可由政府牵头，通过政府简报、媒体宣传等方法，宣传英文译写工作的重要性。政府还可以对积极向有关部门报告译写问题的公民进行奖励。通过这些方法，必定推动整个译写工作的发展。

2.加强政府管理，统筹完善教育领域标志英文译写标准。政府及相关部门必须加强对标志英译的管理，规范标志语的制作使用流程。许多标志英译问题的出现都是由于在其制作过程中相关人员的疏忽所致，因此，必须加强对其制作的监控，所有标志语须经相关部门审核通过后才允许使用，并且需要定期对标志进行检查，一旦发现脱落或污染，应及时清理或更换。同时，各部门必须透明化监管制度，形成以相关部门为中心，社会公民人人参与的监管体制，对从社会各界反映出来的英译问题做出及时、有效的回应。

3.建立专业的翻译团队。特定领域的标志翻译需要具有该领域基本专业知识的翻译人员来进行翻译，因此，有必要建立和扩大专业的翻译团队，不断提高从业人员的语言文化素质，对翻译人员进行资格认定，参与者必须具备基本的翻译素质，以避免胡译、乱译现象的出现。同时，还应与语言文字工作委员会、外籍专家、高校专业教师等相关翻译专业人员保持联系，可由政府及相关部门组织，定期对翻译团队进行培训，促进其与各领域翻译专家的交流。

四、结语

9.关于教育的英文诗朗诵 篇九

I saw you toss the kites on high, And blow the bird about the sky;And all around I heard you pass, Like ladies’ skirts across the grass---O wind, ablowing all day long, O wind, that sings so loud a song!

O you that are so strong and cold, O blower, are you young or old? Are you a beast of field and tree, Or just a stronger child than me? O wind, a-blowing all day long, O wind, that sings so loud a song!

风

我看你把风筝向上抛 吹得小鸟飞得高 我听你走过我身旁 像女士的裙子在草地上响 风啊风啊，你整天唱 风啊风啊，你歌唱多嘹亮

我看你做的事真多 可你自己总爱躲

我总觉得你在推，我听见你在叫我要看你却看不到 风啊风啊，你整天唱 风啊风啊，你歌声多嘹亮

10.关于爱校的诗朗诵 篇十

男：蓝天和白云的心一样，希望白鸽自由翱翔。

女：老师和父母的心一样，希望我们健康成长。

男：我们走进柳山初中这快乐的地方，我们学习，我们愉快歌唱。

女：我们遨游在知识的海洋，和老师一起编织美好的理想。

合：勤奋自主，探究创新，去谱写和谐校园的乐章。

男：当早晨第一抹晨光悄悄抚摸楼角，美丽的校园静悄悄。我常常伴着耳边的微风，惬意地坐在怡心园的条凳上，舒心地背诵英语单词，放歌地吟唱古代诗词美文。

女：在优美的水杉林旁， 在肃穆的文化广场上，我的记忆力纷至沓来。是美丽的校园给了我力量，收获知识的喜悦，激励我进步成长。

合：“厚德博学，强体励志”，我们柳山初中的校训，给每一名学生指明了方向。

男：我爱校园的美丽。

女：爱那庄重漂亮的崇德楼、博学楼、启智楼，爱那整洁如洗的楼道，爱那书声琅琅的教室，爱那广阔如茵的塑胶体育场，爱那碧绿清新的草坪。

男：我爱校园的和谐。

女：爱那三纵三横的甬路，爱那协调方正的教学区、运动区、生活区，爱那布局规范的花园树木。爱那师生间低眉垂首学习的宁静，爱那生生间两小无猜的真诚相待。

男：我爱校园里敬爱的老师。

女：爱看老师亲切的笑脸，爱听老师温润的话语，爱与老师面对面的交流。老师严厉地教诲、语重心长地规劝和不吝美言地赞誉，都是爱。

男：我爱校园里亲爱的同学。

女：爱那些好学上进的同学，他们是我的榜样;爱那些用心帮助别人的同学，他们是我的向往;爱那些讲卫生爱整洁的同学，他们是学校美丽的保障;也爱那些成绩不怎么样，老爱犯错的同学，因为他们是我的同学，我们应当一起飞翔。

男：我爱校园里多彩的校园文化。

女：校园文化是一种氛围、一种精神,一种激励，一种润泽。站在餐厅前的文化墙前，我懂得了“一粥一饭当思来处不易，半丝半缕恒念物力维艰”;站在博学楼西侧的文化墙前，我记住了对青年学生的要求：一是要勤学，下得苦功夫，求得真学问。二是要修德，加强道德修养，注重道德实践。三是要明辨，善于明辨是非，善于决断选择。四是要笃实，扎扎实实干事，踏踏实实做人。走在楼道的走廊里，我与墙壁上的伟人对话;徜徉在校院的花园里，我与奇石花木共语。校园文化，浸润了我的骨髓，净化了我的灵魂。

男：我爱美丽的校园。我爱敬爱的老师。我爱亲爱的同学。我爱多彩的校园文化。我爱学校的一切一切。

女：我们愿，倡导一种蓬勃向上的团队作风，踏踏实实学习，方方正正做事，堂堂正正做人，在平凡中追求卓越，将我们美丽的学校，建设成美丽花园、幸福家园、心灵乐园、情智学园。

合：同学们、老师们，潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。构建和谐校园，需要我们大家共同的努力，任前方荆棘丛生，我们将持之以恒。茫茫学海中，我们要做勇敢的水手，乘风破浪、共赴前程。

男：青春的脚步匆匆。

女：青春的岁月蹉跎。

合：让我们把握生命中的每一天，向着情智教育品牌学校的目标前行。(共举拳头宣誓)“厚德博学，强体励志。勤奋自主，探究创新，在平凡中追求卓越。”

11.关于教育的英文诗朗诵 篇十一

关键词：马贩子,诱惑,计谋

The story of"The Horse Dealer's Daughter"by D.H.Lawrence is usually interpreted as about the redeeming power of love.It is only partly true as one of its themes.It is more than the power of love.If we pay attention to its title,we may find it is also about seduction.Mabel,the daughter of the horse dealer,picks out Dr.Fergusson,an eligible doctor,and exerts all her forces to seduce him.She discovers and uses all her sexual power to get her a husband successfully.

Mabel,the daughter of the horse dealer,remains an unmarried woman of twenty-seven at the beginning of the story.Her life has just been turned upside down because her father has died and left the family in debt.She and her three brothers have sold their last horses and their house,so they must leave the family home soon.Her three brothers all can find a way to support them instead of the horse business.She,however,face only two possibilities:to be a skivvy or to live with her married sister,none of which is what she desires.In despair of her prospects,she commits suicide and is rescued by Dr.Fergusson who falls in love with her.Finally the story ends with promises of marriage.

A few researchers have written some research papers about this short story.They interpret it from different perspectives,such as the nature ideas and blood consciousness of D.H.Lawrence(Li Jinkui),the psychological description(Jin Zhaoxia)and the cultural oppression and the rebirth of the human nature(Yong xiaolin).What I have found is that it is not simply a love story,but a story about tricks—a whole bag of them.

Let's briefly consider the title first.It is a major clue to understand the story and also the one always neglected.Since her father has been dead from the very beginning,his appearance in the title deserves attention.Horse traders,in order to get rid of unsatisfactory horses and make profits,sometimes use tricks to dupe or sting a buyer,such as having drugs,applying Vaseline and spraying paint Mabel is her father's daughter.It is not surprising that maybe she has learnt a few tricks of his trade and makes good use of them.In"A Doll's House"Ibsen asks if the children of Krogstad and of Nora be like their parents,as well as asking if Nora is like her slightly shady father.Like father,like daughter is the idea.

The horse business declines as the replacement of horses with automobiles and tractors,the horse dealer's family,therefore,has slipped into poverty.Mabel's father has taken another step to try to fend off poverty:"The old man had married a second time to retrieve his fortunes."However,with his death,"there was nothing but debt and threatening."Mabel,not only loses her father to depend upon and feel secure in,but also loses her job as the manager of her house.What's worse,none of her three brothers really cares what she can do,only asking her dutifully.She doesn't know wha to do and where to go.She is very close to despair.She has experienced fairly good times,then hard times,having had to"demean herself,going into the shops and buying cheapest food."Even though she thinks it is an end,"she would follow her own way jus the same.She would always hold the keys of her own situation."

No one cares what happens to her except Dr.Fergusson who comes to say goodbye to her brothers.Certainly when he asks"what are you going to do then,Miss Pervin?"It is with genuine concern and with sincere human sympathy.It is not impossible for Mabel to have the idea crossing the mind that he may be a good"buyer"for her since he is kind and lonely in town.He is a bachelor too Seemingly impossible,she still can have the dream if she is lucky enough,she can find herself a husband,which is certainly better than being a paid skivvy in someone's household or a babysitter without pay in her sister's house.Moreover,Dr.Fergusson's circumstances are no better than her.He is sad as he is going to miss his buddies;he is weak as he has a cold and feels rotten;he is a relatively newcomer in town,"a mere hired assistant"and"slave to countryside."Another thing noticeable is that"the doctor's house was just by the church."Therefore,when she is cleaning her mother's grave in the churchyard,it is possible for her to catch his movement as he hurries to attend to the out-patients out of her eyes and looks up when he approaches.On the grey,wintry day,while he sees"the girl at task at the grave,so intent and remote,""some mystical element was touched in him";when their eyes meet,he can'forget the slow,large and portentous eyes and her face.There is a kind of special feeling,partly sympathy,partly unknown.Later tha afternoon,exactly before the teatime,Mabel decides she has no choice but to jump into the pond to join her mother.However,she does it at the very time when the doctor passes by.There is the possibility that she might know the route he takes and know the time he goes out of the surgery since it is in a small town.It is no secre there.If she wants to know it,she can have the answer easily.She plays the game with price of her own life.After all,she has nothing to gamble but herself.Fortunately and definitely,she is rescued.

Mabel revives.Thanks to Dr.Fergusson's efforts and a little whisky,she becomes conscious and vital now.Then the story is about how girls behave when they flirt."The house was empty.The fire was burning in the grate."Perfect environment it is.They both drink a little whisky.She is naked in the blankets.He knows her who is the sister of his buddies,a helpless girl.He feels sorry for her,or great sympathy for her,still remembering their meeting tha afternoon in the graveyard.She looks at him fixedly all the time which makes him have another desire and feel warm inside.He even doesn't have the power to move out of her presence.She sits up,presses her breasts against his knees and thighs and kisses his knees passionately.How can a man resist!He looks down at the we hair and bare shoulders.Shoulders are sexy.Though"he had never thought of loving her"and"had never wanted to love her",at tha time,"he had not the power to break away".It is animal instinct Her eyes are full of powerful love and her face is shining beautifully,which are also strong weapons of women.Grasping her bare shoulder,he feels the touch wonderful."With an inward groan he gave way,and let his heart yield towards her."He is conquered a last.Lawrence depicts it without any omission so we can have a detailed picture in mind.Step by step,Mabel relies on her usua charms,the powerful eyes and shining face to allure Fergusson,no her good looks or good nature.And she makes it.

Here Mabel is active,passionate and bright,totally differen from the impressive,stubborn"bull-dog"appeared before.She is also proud,mindless and persistent,so she conquers.When Dr.Fergusson drops in to say goodbye to her brothers,when he politely asks her what she is going to do,she has realized that he is suitable for a husband.He is a doctor,kind and sympathetic.He happens to have a cold that day,so he is very weak.With such a weak body,he still walks into the cold pond to save Mabel,which makes her further believe that he is eligible.She offers herself on his knees and depends upon him and he doesn't refuse;she notices the change o his voice and uses the ultimate weapon of her tears;she asks for love and kisses from him,all of which shows she has made good use of her tricks to seduce him gradually.Mabel's dependence,vulnerability and gratitude make him an easy conquest.

Lawrence believes in love-at-first-sight,which is more or less showed in this story.After romance,however,practical daily life is in front of them,since Fergusson also worries"how they would al jeer if they knew!"They both come from different world,one as a doctor and one as a farmer,but still they need each other.Fergusson wants to come into the lives of the working people as he feels excited and gratified to contact with the rough,strongly-feeling people.He feels life back to him twice when he looks into Mabel's eyes.One is in the cemetery and the other is in the house.She wil be a good wife,a good housekeeper and a manager—she has done that for ten years.He will be the good husband she needs to get ou of the plight.He will be a good provider as well who will not only keep her financially secure but also give her social status.Moreover,sexual awakening occurs there.Perhaps Fergusson rescues Mabel from the dead pond is out of duty,as he is thinking he is a doctor and she is a patient,but when they are in the house,with fire burning and no one disturbing,what happens clearly shows tha they realizes he is entirely male and she is entirely female.

Mabel has made a good deal for her.Dr.Fergusson has made a good deal too.He has traded her brother's company for hers.All the deal comes from the doctor's question,which shows interest in her as she thinks so that she seduces him with all the trading tricks she knows.Her knowledge of these things is innate.Her feminine power is instinctive.The equally needy man falls in love with her.Al sales are final,no refunds and no exchanges here,just as the horse deal.

参考文献

[1]Mallett,Sandra-Lynne J.Some Men's Daughters:Teaching D.H.Lawrence's"The Horse Dealer's Daughter"[EB/OL].www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail?accno=ED414592-20k

[2]李金奎.压抑与冲动之间的摇摆——劳伦斯的《马贩子的女儿》中"血的意识"[J].信阳师范学院学报,2007(5):119-121.

[3]卢敏.戴维·劳伦斯作品导读[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.

[4]金朝霞.描绘心灵轨迹的诗篇——《马贩子的女儿》的心理描写[J].洛阳师专学报,1998(3):64-65.

[5]叶青.性别与叙事——评《马商的女儿》中的男权话语[J].江苏教育学院学报:社会科学版,2003(5):93-95.

12.关于教育的英文诗朗诵 篇十二

一、祖国在我心中演讲稿

掀开摞摞发黄的历史,在白骨累累的中国近代史上我们看到一个个举着明晃晃钢刀的刽子手,一只只满口鲜血的吸血蝙蝠,一头啮着血淋淋心肺的豺狼,一群群叼着头颅的鹰犬和一淌淌鲜艳刺目的血!

这是民族的耻辱。让受苦受难,受辱受虐的中国人的血不再白流,是老一辈仁人志士的不懈追求,他们奇迹般地走过了二万五千里长征,经历了八年抗战,迎来新中国的建立„„

历史又翻到今日。新的仇恨,新的血泪又涌现在我们眼前:1999年5月8日一对新婚不久的中国青年夫妇倒在南斯拉夫的血泊中;2001年4月一位优秀的中国飞行员为了祖国尊严血洒南海上空„„

同学们,我们能无动于衷吗?我们能让鲜血再洒在中国历史的十字架上吗?我们能让闪着寒光的刺刀再刺向中国人吗?

不!决不!血、泪、仇。我们记住了,永远地记住了。让我们化作冬雨,将南斯拉夫的血场刷清。让我们化作精卫,将汹涌的大海填平„„

雪耻复仇,为中华民族伟大复兴,我们这一代中国青少年责无旁贷!

然而,我们许多少年人将自已民族的新仇旧恨忘掉了,将“五四”青年匍匐喋血,在血泪中仍高喊祖国万岁的那一刻忘记,将日本刽子手在南京城中狞笑着举起钢刀的那一刻忘记了„„同学们如果我们沉溺在享乐之中将学习荒毁了,将前程荒毁了,将民族兴衰抛置脑后„„这是一种毁灭,一种自我毁灭。

鲁迅先生穷其一生智慧,“我以我血荐轩辕”唤醒了刀俎上的中国人,我们的前辈树立“为中华之崛起而读书”的理想,以天下安危为已任,前仆后继,建立了新中国。

作为新时代的青年人,我们怎能放任自流,荒毁一生置民族大业于不顾?否则,枉为炎黄子孙!

梁启超曾高瞻远瞩地指出:少年强,则国强;少年富,则国富;少年屹立于世界,则国屹立于世界!

自古英雄出少年。在当今世界的残酷竞争中,中国青少年能否肩负起民族振兴和洗刷国耻的任务,直接关系到中国将来的命运。

我们的老师学识渊博、温文尔雅、谦和真诚、勤奋敬业、任劳任怨。

我们青春焕发、热血沸腾。摆脱幼稚走向了成熟,不再藏到父母宽大的羽翼下避风躲雨,而是如那高傲的海燕,渴望暴风雨,敢于战斗。我们虽然无需面对国土的沦丧,无需承受战火硝烟,但是我们可能要阻挡不期而来的洪水,抗击非典,预防禽流感,我们的飞船要上天,我们的足球要获胜,我们要研究转基因,我们要征服沙尘暴,我们要保护环境、维护世界和平„„毋容置疑,我们这些祖国未来的建设者和接班人,肩负重担、义不容辞、任重道远。为了祖国的繁荣、民族的兴旺,今天的我们用激情点燃希望之火,用青春汗水浇灌成功之花。勤奋学习、奋力拼搏,是我们初中生活不变的主题。“三分天注定,七分靠打拼。”也许会受挫,也许会失败,但是,“不经历风雨怎么见彩虹”远航的水手告诉我们“风雨中,这点痛算什么,擦干泪,不要问,至少我们还有梦。”

努力吧!奋斗吧!中国青少年。为我们开辟民族复兴的新蓝天„„!

二、国庆节朗诵稿—祖国在我心中

黄河与长江的源头,漂流而下,从《诗经》中“坎坎代擅”的江边,到《史记》“金戈铁马”的楚河汉界;从郦道元的《水经注》,到苏东坡的《大江东去》,我看青藏高原脉动的祖国;看黄土高坡起伏的祖国;看烟花苍茫,千帆竞发,百舸争流的祖国;看群峰腾跃,平原奔驰,长河扬鞭的祖国。

在爬满甲骨文的钟鼎之上,读祖国童年的灵性;在布满烽火的长城之上,读祖国青春的豪放;在缀满诗歌与科学的大地之上,读祖国壮年的成熟„„

我想说又不愿说,我也曾看到祖国的孱弱,在圆明园烧焦的废墟之上,我看祖国是一滩血;在邓世昌勇猛的“致远舰”上,我看祖国是一团火。但我的祖国没有沉没,在亚细亚的东部,用宽厚的臂膀,挽起高山大海,将炎黄子孙揽于怀中,用茅草和土砖修复残缺的岁月,用野菜和稀粥喂养饥饿的生活。中山先生,在黑夜里开始规划治国方略,毛泽东,在贫瘠的土地上,支撑民族的血肉与骨骼;邓小平,把饱经沧桑的瞳仁放大,指引多灾多难的祖国,从世纪的风雨中神奇地走过!

沿着黄河与长江的源头,漂流而下,过壶口,闯关东,走三峡,奔大海。在河西走廊,华北平原,我看祖国的富饶与辽阔,看祖国千里马般日夜兼程的超越;在长江三角洲、珠江三角洲,看祖国崇高与巍峨,看祖国繁荣的霓虹灯日夜闪烁,灿若银河„„

给我肤色的祖国,给我智慧与胆略的祖国。尽管在乡村,还有辍学孩子渴望的目光;尽管在城镇,还有下岗女工无奈地诉说,但我知道,更有改革的浪潮迭起,冲破旧的观念,旧体制的束缚,迎来新世纪磅礴的日出!

这是一个除旧立新的祖国。这是一个沸腾上升的祖国;这是一个如日中天的祖国。我的话语多得成一部历史,我的话语多得可组成一片星河,但是说得最多最动情的一句,便是——腾飞吧祖国、祖国吉祥,吉祥祖国。

三、国庆朗诵材料——祖国——我们为你的腾飞加油

金秋的十月,祖国——母亲

我们有千言万语要对你倾诉

我们有如海的深请要对你表白

祖国赞美的诗篇太

颂扬你的歌声太多

当然,把你比作母亲

我们不是第一个也不会是最后一个

祖国我们是你苦难中诞生的儿女

我们在磨难中成长在风雨中茁壮

是你赋予我们信心和力量

在你灼灼期待的目光中

我们用顽强撑起蔚蓝的天空

我们用信念挖掘黑色的宝藏

当嘲讽和藐视淹没在滚滚的石油里

祖国我们是你最骄傲的儿女

五十年的风雨沧桑见证

我们五十年的荣辱与辉煌

五十年的峥嵘坎坷纪录

我们五十年奋进的乐章

五十年的艰苦创业砥砺

我们石油人必胜的信念

历史不会忘记

我们一起走过的艰苦岁月

石油不会忘记

我们同你一起追逐时代的脚步

石油是流动的语言

石油是飞扬的歌声

石油是世界的血液

石油是祖国的希望

仰望高山我们是展翅飞翔的雄鹰

俯首平原我们是激越奔腾的黄河

当滚滚的车轮在大地上奔跑

祖国我们就是你起跑的动力

石油让地球鱼宇宙相通

我们让祖国与世界相连

看历史地车轮滚滚向前世界在发展

看中国石油遍布大地祖国在腾飞

高山峻岭挡不住中国石油人的雄心

戈壁沙漠吓不倒中国石油人得壮志

当中国石油响亮地名字响彻在世界的东方祖国请为你的儿女自傲吧

祖国我们是新一代的石油人

我们的意志是不可磨灭的 我们的信念是不可摧毁的 我们拼搏奋进坚韧顽强

我们诚信执着爱国奉献

我们骄傲的将中国石油的品牌立为通向世界的路标

我们自傲地向世界宣布

祖国——我们为你得腾飞加油

四、国庆朗诵材料——国旗

升起来了,升起来了,升到万众瞩目的高度。

虽然没有惊涛骇浪,但有一种排山倒海的气势在起伏,有一种雷霆万钧的力量在激荡。

升起来了,万物在这个高度里陶醉!

多么鲜红的高度,尊严从这里独领神州风骚,太阳就在灿烂里陪伴„„

多么有力的凝聚,自信从五角星的光芒中笑傲风景,万物就在激情中生长,自信愈发坚强起来„„

多么豪迈的情怀,期待从这种浪漫中孕育美好,龙的传人在伫立守望,期待愈发坚韧起来„„

升起来了,升起来了,升起世人惊叹的目光。

这鲜艳的五星红旗哟,猎猎飘扬着半个世纪的辉煌,展示着神州风采!

面对国旗,山,站起来;水,活起来;天,阔起来!

面对国旗,每个生命都庄严起来、神圣起来,沿着国旗下的路向前延伸。

飘扬的国旗啊,您是我昼夜难眠的情感„„

国歌

这是真的。

她容纳了神州大地百分之百的乐感,她的每一个音节都凝聚着东方民族的骨气,她的每一个音符都能够滋生咆哮的力量,她的每一个音律都爆发出东方雄狮的最强音!

是的,每当民族到了最危急的时候,总要唱响这力量与信心之歌;每当五星红旗冉冉升起的时候,总要奏响这庄严和圣洁之歌;每当取得胜利和收获的时候,总要从内心深处吟诵这雄浑与骄傲之歌„„

沿着这歌声潮头,我们驾驭着追求之舟,向着理想的彼岸航行。

每一个人生的码头都有我们金色的梦幻。

只要歌声不灭,我们总能挽起手来,摘取时代挂在亮丽之处的金牌!

再一次唱响这不朽之歌吧。

一半是勇往直前的势不可挡的力量,一半是我们共同拥有的目光。

远方的地平线既是路的终点也是路的起点,在那里,这歌声还会与我们会合!

国徽

赞美有时不需要歌唱,要用心聆听。

是的,我听到了麦穗在齿轮中生长的声音。

这个声音萦绕着一群红五星的光芒和一座城楼的文明。

文明都沐浴在这光芒和文明之中。

我深知泥土的真实和可靠,我深知钢铁的坚硬和骨气。

这泥土、这钢铁终于用她的赤诚和硬度支撑起了一个伟大民族的脊梁!

在光芒中,我们挥舞镰刀,收割几千年的清香;在文明中,我们启动齿轮,伸延几千年的征程。

把民族的向往浓缩起来,把民族的尊严升华起来,浓缩到朴实里,升华到自然里!

这就是麦穗和齿轮的不朽糅合。

五、国庆节诗歌(幸福的开端)

一

过去，我们的生活不如牛马。

收得的粮食，落到领主家;

铁做的鸡笼，保不住鸡的命;

池塘里的鸭，被老黄狗当鸟打。

勐海地方，处处荒凉，宽阔的坝子长满野草，道路上老虎豹子成群，田地没有人耕种，寨子像墓地一样阴冷。

穷人的命

像枯黄的茅草，领主点着罪恶的火，巴不得一下烧掉。

二

毛主席的光辉照到边疆，各民族人民得到了解放，我们的勐海也不再黯淡，如同星辰一样发亮。

穷人分得了土地、茶园，心里像寒冬时得到棉被一样温暖，人们用劳动来建设祖国，妇女也走出了竹楼。

党是我们的眼睛和方向，村村都走上了合作化的道路，就像千万只孔雀，展开金色的翅膀，朝着社会主义飞翔。

神鬼被赶走了，千年荒芜的茶园发出嫩芽，盖起了高大的工厂，坝子的新楼像盛开的荷花，公路像新织的鱼网。

三

我们幸福的开端，我们神圣的节日，伟大的国庆来临了。

我们要在田野上铺一层黄金，用丰收,用蛋大的谷粒来迎接。

13.关于励志的朗诵稿 篇十三

既然选择了远方

便只顾风雨兼程

我不去想能否赢得爱情

既然钟情于玫瑰

就勇敢地吐露真诚

我不去想身后会不会袭来寒风冷雨

既然目标是地平线

留给世界的只能是背影

我不去想未来是平坦还是泥泞

只要热爱生命

关于励志的朗诵稿精选2

当蜘蛛网无情地查封了我的炉台

当灰烬的余烟叹息着贫困的悲哀

我依然固执地铺平失望的灰烬

用美丽的雪花写下：相信未来

当我的紫葡萄化为深秋的露水

当我的鲜花依偎在别人的`情怀

我依然固执地用凝霜的枯藤

在凄凉的大地上写下：相信未来

我要用手指那涌向天边的排浪

我要用手掌那托住太阳的大海

摇曳着曙光那枝温暖漂亮的笔杆

用孩子的笔体写下：相信未来

我之所以坚定地相信未来

是我相信未来人们的眼睛

她有拨开历史风尘的睫毛

她有看透岁月篇章的瞳孔

不管人们对于我们腐烂的皮肉

那些迷途的惆怅、失败的苦痛

是寄予感动的热泪、深切的同情

还是给以轻蔑的微笑、辛辣的嘲讽

我坚信人们对于我们的脊骨

那无数次的探索、迷途、失败和成功

一定会给予热情、客观、公正的评定

是的，我焦急地等待着他们的评定

朋友，坚定地相信未来吧

相信不屈不挠的努力

相信战胜死亡的年轻

相信未来、热爱生命

我微笑着走向生活

关于励志的朗诵稿精选3

拼搏

鹰翔山巅 俯瞰尘世变迁

诚心登攀 何惧山高路险

只要拼搏 人生就没难关

希望

梅开时 树枝不再孤寒

星眨时 银河不再寂寥

希望在 人生不再孤单

智取

现实是一个个真实的耳光

喊疼毫无意义

唯有勇搏智闯

慎重

人人都有五个球：健康 家庭 朋友 心智和工作

只有一个球是橡胶做的 那就是工作

其它都是玻璃 掉了就碎了

坚强

回避现实的人 未来将更不理想

世上没绝望的处境 只有人对处境的绝望

担当

人生有许多不想做却不能不做的事 这是责任

有许多想做却不能做的事 这是命运

看开

自信丧失让人颓废

希望破灭使人痛苦

释怀 看开 一切都会慢慢变好

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14.关于教育的英文诗朗诵 篇十四

关键词：养老保险体系,农村居民,德尔菲法,提升空间

1 INTRODUCTION

China has a population of 1. 3 billion, of which, around 66% are rural residents ( China Statistical Yearbook, 2010) . Elderly care of rural residents is a heavy burden for Chinese government. In China, elderly care, including economy sup- port and service support, can be divided into informal system, such as family support elderly care and self - support elderly care, and formal system, such as endowment insurance, wel- fare and social assistance ( Huang and He, 1998) . The histo- ry of China social security shows that the elderly care system is transforming continuously from informal to formal. However, the development of formal elderly care system in rural area is slower than in urban area. Commonly, in rural area, family - supported elderly care ( traditional mode) is the most effective mode. Because there is a reciprocal relationship between the family members, they will help and support each other. But the dual processes of rapid industrialization and urbanization may have a detrimental effect on the ability of the family to offer support to the more vulnerable members. The older people in the rural areas left behind by the migration of the young to ur- ban areas in search of employment are most at risk ( Cheng, 2006) . The traditional elderly care mode, which is based on family support, cannot handle the social risks; thus a more ef- fective and adequate elderly care system is needed, that is the reason why the gradual transformation from the informal mode to the formal mode.

China is now in the process of completing this transforma- tion. As families get smaller, the group of rural residents breaks up; land resource gets scarce, the surplus value of ag- riculture becomes limited; aging in rural area grows faster than in urban area. All of these issues lead to the inadequacy of fam- ily support and the inability of the traditionally informal elderly care system to meet rural residents' need ( Wang, 2006) . As such, the academia and the Chinese government both realized that it's very important and necessary to set up a formal elderly care system.

For a long time, the main focus of Chinese social security reform is urban area. In the planned economy system, China took “low wages, high welfare ” policy to develop heavy in- dustry ( Lin, 1999) . In 1951, China issued Labor Insurance Regulation, in which the workers of state - owned enterprise and collective - owned enterprise business were covered, and the items include disability, death, disease, elderly, child- birth and support for relatives ( Labor Insurance Regulation, 1951) . Because of the labor insurance and land reform, Chi- na was approved by workers and farmers ( Gao, 2006) . After the economic reform was issued, social insurance system in- cluded elderly care, medical care and unemployment was re- formed from 1985 in urban areas. Social assistance system, which based on basic living standard security system, was set up as well. Owing to the limit of financial and material re- sources, self - support and family support elderly care were the main parts of rural elderly care system, five guarantees family system and cooperative medical care system did not make the investment yield well. This situation lasted 25 years after the e- conomic reform started. In the 21st century, as the leading role, the government changed the programs of rural social se- curity. In 2003, new type rural cooperative medical care sys- tem was set up; 2007, rural basic living standard security sys- tem was set up; but there is still no social old - age security system. Thirty years had passed since the economic reform com- menced, the huge variations of Chinese entire society have changed the old circumstance and supply condition of rural so- cial old - age security system, and rural residents' appeal for an elderly system have become stronger as well.

2 THE DELPHI TECHNIQUE

The Delphi Technique is a structured communication tech- nique, originally developed as a systematic, interactive fore- casting method which relies on a panel of experts ( Linstone and Turoff, 1975) . From the 1970s, the Delphi technique began to be used in public policy - making, which caused some methodological innovations.

The need to examine several types of items leads to intro- ducing different evaluation scales which are not used in the standard Delphi. These often include desirability, feasibility and probability, which the analysts can use to outline different scenarios: the desired scenario, the potential scenario and the expected scenario.

The complexity of the issues posed in public policy - mak- ing leads to give more importance to the arguments supporting the evaluations of the panelists; so these are often invited to list arguments for and against each option item, and sometimes they are given the possibility to suggest new items to be submit- ted to the panel.

For the same reason, the scaling methods, which are used to measure panel evaluations, often include more sophis- ticated approaches such as multi - dimensional scaling.

2. 1 The Instrument of Delphi Method

The experts answer questionnaires in two or more rounds. After each round, a facilitator provides an anonymous summary of the experts' forecasts from the previous round as well as the reasons they provided for their judgments. Thus, experts are encouraged to revise their earlier answers in light of the replies of other members of their panel. It is believed that during this process the range of the answers will decrease and the group will converge towards the “correct”answer. Finally, the process is stopped after a pre - defined stop criterion and the mean or median scores of the final rounds determine the re- sults ( Rowe and Wright, 1999 ) . The flow of Delphi tech- nique is presented as Fig. 1.

2. 2Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance ( w)

When the third round of Delphi technique is complete, the Kendall's W will be computed for the scored ranking to measure the level of consensus among the experts for the factors proposed with respect to both rounds.

Kendall's W is a measure of the agreement between several judges who have rank ordered a set of entities ( Field, 2005) . If the test statistic W is 1, then all the survey respondents have been unanimous, and each respondent has assigned the same order to the list of concerns. If W is 0, then there is no overall trend of agreement among the respondents, and their responses may be regarded as essentially random. Intermediate values of W indicate a greater or lesser degree of unanimity among the various responses.

3EXPERT OPINION COLLECTION AND A- NALYSIS

A four - round Delphi Technique were designed to answer what are the areas for improvement that can be proposed forNew Pension System for Rural Residents in China and how are the areas of improvement ranked.

There are 18 experts who are identified through their expe- riences and fields of interest participated in the first round sur- vey. The experts are comprised with academicians and officers of social security authorities. The list of experts who participated in the expert opinion assessment ( EOA ) is shown in Table 1. In the panel of experts, 11 are academicians in universities and most of them have teaching or researching experience of so- cial security; and 7 officers from Human Resource and Social Security Bureau of different provinces, they know well of cur- rent social security policies and existing problems.

In the first round of the EOA, 15 experts participated in the survey and provided 21 responses. The 21 responses were synthesized and categorized into 6 factors ( including the con- tents of New Pension System for Rural Residents, financing a- bility and level, fund operation, management mechanism, in- centive mechanism and macro management system) . They are collected as the areas for the improvement of New Pension Sys- tem for Rural Residents in China, refer to Table 2.

Due to the multiplicity of rounds conducted, the EOA in- strument was considered to be valid as the experts were continu- ously provided with the outcomes of the previous rounds. Some experts requested that the findings of the whole study be shared, a request which was fulfilled upon completion of this study.

There are 12 experts responded to the survey both in round 2 and round 3. Kendall's coefficient of concordance was used to measure the level of consensus among the experts for their rank- ing of the factors proposed in round 1. For the second round of the EOA, the Kendall's coefficients of concordance is 0. 128, and p - value is 0. 53 ( refer to Table 3) . It means that in the second round the experts are not quite agree with each other, and the findings are deemed to be insignificant because of the p - value is more than 0. 05. Thus, it is necessary to conduct the third round of expert opinion assessment. For the third round of EOA, with reference to Table 5, the Kendall's Coefficients of Concordance and p - value for scored ranking is 0. 480 and 0. 000 respectively which implies that the study is statistically significant and the ranking of the 12 experts are consistent.

Therefore, based on the mean ranking of the areas that need to be improved for New Pension System for Rural Resi- dents, the order is: The contents of New Pension System for Rural Residents, Fund Operation, Financing ability and lev- el, Macro management system, Management mechanism, and Incentive mechanism. This finding implies that the experts view that the contents of New Pension System for Rural Resi- dents is the most urgent aspect that needs improvement, while the incentive mechanism is the least urgent aspect.

4 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

Contents of New Pension System for Rural Residents are the major issues stressed by the respondents in deal with the improvement of New Pension System for Rural Residents. About 45% of the items expressed by the interviewees were about the adjustment of the contents of New Pension System for Rural Residents, and it was almost the first factor came into the interviewees' minds. Most of the interviewees suggested that the benefit need to adjust to a higher level.

From the respective of urgent, complete rural old - age social security system and increase the level of benefits of the pension should be the first concern of the government.

The family members of the senior citizens ( who are over 60 years old ) should participate in the scheme voluntarily, rather than compulsively. On one hand, the elderly can be pro- tected, on the other hand, the young generation can take time to get to know New Pension System for Rural Residents and accept it slowly.

Financing ability and level is the foundation of rural old - age social security system. 60% of the interviewees have men- tioned financing problem when talking about the improvement of rural old - age social security system. They have proposed sev- eral way of improve the financing abilities and levels.

There are special fund for supporting agriculture develop- ment and helping the poverty in our country, we should also establish a special sponsor fund for rural social pension insur- ance. Encouraging domestic and foreign enterprises, township enterprises, the urban citizens with high level of income and other individuals donate money to pension insurance fund of some poor regions. It will promote the development of rural so- cial pension insurance.

There are four kinds of expenditure of financial support for agriculture development, namely expenditure on supporting farming, expenditure on rural fundamental establishment, ex- penditure on rural technology development, and on rural subsi- dies. With the economic development, it is necessary to pro- vide subsidies for rural social pension insurance.

Fund operation includes two important aspects, namely maintenance and appreciation of values of the fund and supervi- sion system of the fund. And for current situation, the inter- viewees suggest putting more concern on the maintenance and appreciation of the values of the fund.

Maintenance and appreciation of the values of the fund is a vital aspect for realizing the healthy and sustainable development of rural old - age social security system.

To improve earning rate , the most important approach is to apply market - driven operation. Only if the capital freely invests in financial assets , can we obtain the average earning rate of society.

The improvement of management mechanism includes establish and improve a managing team with professional knowledge, decline managing cost and using information management system.

Allow farmers to exchange land for social security. In the process of the development of agriculture , farming and farmers has a decreasing trend. It has generated a huge threat for the farmers who take land and farming as the way of living. In order to address these specific issues , the system of trading land for social insurance should be established.

Incentive mechanism is the approach of encourage rural residents take part in the rural old - age social security sys- tem. It includes encouraging participates select higher contribu- tion level; strengthen the incentive function of personal ac- counts; conduct propaganda among the masses; and dynami- cally adjust government subsidy.

The migration of rural residents should be fully considered in the design process of New Pension System for Rural Resi- dents. A dynamic personal account of New Pension System for Rural Residents will insure that rural residents can keep their account, pay contribution and get benefit wherever he is. At the same time, speed up national social insurance information network construction, and provide technical support for inter - provincial account transfer of New Pension System for Rural Residents and other social security systems.

参考文献

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