考研语法定语从句详解

考研语法定语从句详解（8篇）

1.考研语法定语从句详解 篇一

定语中的“定”的含义就是修饰、限定，用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。同学们头脑中的定语主要是形容词，但是除了形容词外还有其他的词或者短语以及句子都能够用来起修饰作用。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中，中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”，因此能够判断一个成分作定语的标志就是能够翻译为“…的”。对于什么成分可以用来作定语我们也可以像分析主语一样，同样从三个方面入手：词、短语、句子。

词作定语

其中第一类是同学们都熟悉的形容词。例如prettygirl中的pretty，largeanimals中的large等等。这样的词语很容易辨析。第二类是名词，但是这些词语已经约定俗成的被当成了一个名词，其实他们之间也是有修饰关系的，比如hairstyle这个名词，其中hair实际上是用来修饰style的，翻译成“头发的样式”。第三类是代词，如my，your，…等等翻译成“我的”“你的”实际上也可以作定语。第四类是数词，比如afiveyearoldboy中的fiveyearsold便是数词做定语修饰boy。

短语作定语

分为三类：第一类，形容词短语作定语，例如peasantsbusygettingincrops，在这个句子当中busygettingincrops作定语修饰peasants，翻译成正在收粮食的农民。而这个短语是有busy引导的形容词短语，因此形容词短语也可以作定语。第二类是介词短语。举一个同学们常见的例子，比如说你是某某大学的学生，翻译成英语是IamastudentofXXuniversity.在这个句子中，ofXXuniversity作定语修饰student。第三类是非谓语动词，也就是todo、doing、done。比如theabilitytoworkoutproblems中的toworkoutproblems就是作定语修饰ability，翻译成解决问题的能力。又如thegirlstandingthere中的standingthere作定语修饰girl，翻译为站在那里的女孩。再如thewatchmended中的mended作定语修饰thewatch，翻译为被修的手表。

句子作定语

实际上就是用一个句子来修饰，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。

通过上面的讲解，希望同学们可以走出只有形容词可以当定语的误区，尤其对于短语作定语的情况进行熟悉，会对你在分析长难句中起到很大的帮助作用。

2.考研语法定语从句详解 篇二

1. 定语从句的概念

定语从句又叫关系从句，是一个句子作定语修饰一个名词性成分。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。因为定语从句较长，所以总是放到所修饰词的后面，较短的一个名词或代词无论作主语、宾语或其它成分，后面带了个结构完整的句子难免有些突兀。这就需要把先行词和后面的定语从句连起来，起这种链条作用的连接词叫关系词。

2. 定语从句的重要组成部分

2.1 定语从句：

定语从句是由关系词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.2 先行词：

被限制或修饰的名词或代词。

2.3 关系词：

引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词引导定语从句都起着三重作用：一是链条作用，二是代表先行词，三是在定语从句中充当一个成分。

2.3.1 指人的关系代词有who, whose, whom, that。

Eg:The old man whom we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

2.3.2 指物的关系代词有which, whose, that。

(注意：指物时，下列情况只能用that，不能用which。)

Ⅰ.先行词是anything, few, all, some等不定代词，或有不定代词修饰。

Eg:All the books that you offered has been given out.

Ⅱ.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身就是序数词、形容词最高级。

Eg:The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

Ⅲ.先行词被the very, the only等修饰。

Eg:The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.

Ⅳ.主句中有who, which等wh-开头的特殊疑问词。

Eg:Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

Ⅴ.先行词既有人也有物。

Eg:This is the scientist and his theory that we have learned.

Ⅵ.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that。

2.3.3 关系副词引导定语从句时作定语从句的状语，where表示地点，when表示时间，why表示原因。

Ⅰ.Where:

Eg:Cook went to Canada, where the war was being fought.

Ⅱ.When:

Eg:At the time when I saw him, he was very busy.

Ⅲ.Why:

Eg:The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is not convincing.

2.3.4 由其他词引导的定语从句。

Ⅰ.as可以作关系代词，引导定语从句，主要和such或same连用。

Eg:They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.

Ⅱ.but也可以用作关系代词来引导定语从句，意思接近与that (who)...not(常和否定词连用，用法已经有些过时)。

3. 定语从句的分类

定语从句就其与先行项的语义关系分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系。非限制性定语从句和它的先行项之间只有比较松散的联系，仅仅是对先行项提供的一些补充说明。

3.1 限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句在口语中前后没有停顿，在书写中通常不用逗号。

Eg:The man who did the robbery has been caught.

限制性定语从句通常出现在下列搭配中：当名词中心词带有表示类别的不定冠词时，其后的关系分句通常为限制性定语从句。

Eg:He is the man who told me the news.

3.2 非限制性定语从句。

这种分句在书写中常用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句的引导词通常是who, whom, where, when和which等wh-词。

Eg:The chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right.

3.3 介词+关系代词。

在定语从句中一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构。要掌握这类定语从句，需注意一下三点。

3.3.1 关系代词的选用

在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom，先行词是物，用which;先行词是人，用whom。

3.3.2 介词的选用

Ⅰ.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定介词。

Ⅱ.根据先行词来确定介词。

Ⅲ.根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。

3.3.3 介词的位置

介词一般放在关系代词which或whom之前，但也可放在原来的位置上。(注意当介词和从句中的谓语动词是固定词组时，介词一般不前置。例如：care for, deal with, get through, hear from.)。

4. 学习定语从句时常见的错误用法

4.1 定语从句中的主谓不一致。

【误】I, who is your friend, will try my best to help you.

【正】I, who am your friend, will try my best to help you.

【析】当定语从句所修饰的先行词是一个代词时，谓语动词的形式要与该代词的人称保持一致。

4.2 定语从句中that与which的误用。

【误】He doesn’t see things (in) the way which we see things.

【正】He doesn’t see things (in) the way that we see things.

【正】He doesn’t see things (in) the way in which we see things.

【正】He doesn’t see things (in) the way we see things.

【析】that还可以代替“介词(of, with, in等)+which (whom)”，这是一种比较通俗的用法。在way的后面有定语从句，而way在其中充当状语时，有三种表达方式：(A) the way; (B) the way that; (C) the way in which。先行词如果是表示时间、方法之类的名词时，that常常被省略。

参考文献

[1]章振邦.新编英语语法教程.上海外语教育出版社, 2003.

[2]王乐君.高中英语基础知识全书.世界图书出版公司, 2004.

[3]郁明亮, 金惟康, 陈浩.大学英语典型错误解析.上海辞书出版社, 2006.

[4]马德高.教材全易通高中英语必修一.山东省地图出版社, 2008.

3.定语从句语法疑难综析 篇三

1. 此类定语从句的难点是介词的判定。一般而言，介词的选择主要依据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定。例如：

In the dark street there wasnt a single person ____ she could turn for help. (MET 1992)

A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom

(turn to sb. for help为固定搭配，意为“向某人求助”)

The engineer began to research into the question with which he was not familiar. (with是形容词familiar后的固定搭配)

2. 介词的判定有时应根据先行词与从句中的动词关系或在从句中所起的作用和表达的含义而定。例如：

The writing brush with which he practices calligraphy is made of wolf hair, so, worth 200 yuan. (with which理解为“用毛笔写”)

She was educated at Beijing University, ____ she went to have her advanced study abroad. (2006 陕西)

A. after thatB. from thatC. from whichD. after which

(after的确定是根据“北大毕业后”)

I saw a woman running toward me in the dark, before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ____ she had come. (2007 重庆)

A. of whichB. by whichC. in whichD. from which

(from的确定是根据“她从那个方向来”)

3. 注意有些动词短语不能拆开使用，其介词不能放在关系代词前。常见的有：

look for, look after, pay attention to, take care of, depend on, listen to等。例如：

The injured workers whom the doctors and nurses took good care of are now back at home.

4. 在“of+关系代词”中，介词of含有两方面的意义：

1)表示所属关系“……的……”，此时of which/whom只能在所修饰词的后面，其语法意义等于whose+所修饰的词。例如：

He lives in a room the window of which(=whose window) faces south.

2)表示“其中”，这时of which/whom的位置比较灵活，可以放在所修饰的词前，也可以放在其后。例如：

There are many foreign students in our school, of whom 20 are from Australia.

The books, five of which are to be kept at the library, will be distributed among us.

5. 注意区别“介词at/in/on +which”引导的定语从句与where引导的地点状语从句的区别：

——Mom, what did your doctor say?

——He advised me to live ____ the air is fresher. (2007 四川)

A. in whereB. in whichC. the place whereD. where

不少考生选B或C，是因为此题看起来像定语从句，而实际上本题是考查where引导的地点状语从句。如果原题为He advised me to live in the place…，则选B；若为He advised me to live in…，则选C，两者都能完成定语从句的结构。

二、关于主谓一致问题。

1. 若关系代词作从句主语，则定语从句谓语动词的数取决于先行词。例如：

The student was the only one that was admitted into the military college.

The student was one of those who were admitted into military colleges.

2. 关系代词加所修饰的词(如whose+n.或n.+of which/whom)作主语时,定语从句谓语动词的数不是与先行词而是与所修饰的词(如名词单复数)有关。

George explained that this was the official dress for taking examinations(先行词), many of which were held in June.

A survey(先行词) was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, the results of which were surprising.

三、关于定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

——Its thirty years since we last met.

——But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____ we got

lost on a rainy night. (2007 四川)

A. which B. thatC. what D. when

此题巧妙地将定语从句、同位语从句及插入语结合起来，形成不大不小的干扰，对学生进行综合考查。根据对句意的详细分析，题目考查的不是定语从句，而是同位语从句，故答案只能选B。复习定语从句应该牵涉到同位语从句，才有深度。定语从句和同位语从句的主要区别点在引导词which和that上：that既可引导定语从句，又可引导同位语从句；而which不可以引导同位语从句。另外，我们也可以从性质上对这两种从句加以区别，定语从句是从句对先行词的修饰和限制，属于形容词性从句；而同位语从句是从句对前面的名词，特别是抽象名词作补充说明，属于名词性从句。再如一些省市的同类题：

The fact ____ she didnt said anything surprised us all.

A. whyB. thatC. whereD. because

We expressed the hope ____ Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China next year.

A. thatB. whichC. untilD. if

There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

A. thatB. whichC. untilD. if

四、区别whose作定语和which作定语。

关系代词whose是形容词，只能作定语，不能单独作主语或宾语。which为名词性关系代词，通常只能作主语或宾语,但是也有which当形容词用作定语的时候。例如：

There are still many people whose living conditions are miserable.

In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ____ many people have got home. (1995 上海)

A. whose timeB. that

C. on whichD. by which time

I was told to go not by train but by bus, ____ I followed.

A. thatB. whereC. that adviceD. which advice

两者的区别是：whose是所属关系，表示“……的”，而which没有所属关系，只表示“这、那”等同位关系。

五、注意几个名词case，condition，situation带定语从句时，通常选用where作关系副词。也就是说，这几个词是暗含地点意义的名词。例如：

I can think of many cases ____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.

(2003 上海)

A. whyB. whichC. asD. where

Hes got himself into a dangerous situation ____ he is likely to lose control over the plane. (2001 上海)

A. whereB. which C. while D. why

名词point在指地点意义时选where，而在表示时间（点）意义时又选when。例如：

We are just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006 山东)

A. whereB. thatC. whenD. which

We had reached the point when there was no money left.

六、弄清whatever，whoever和whichever的定语从句结构

what， whatever， whoever和whichever引导的句子虽然通常都被看作是名词性从句，但是它们都可以作定语从句的特殊关系代词。它们看似疑问词，实际上并不含疑问意义。如果将它们分解，则分别是：whatever= anything that， whichever=the one which， whoever=anyone who。例如：

These pictures are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them.

Take whichever you like best.

Whoever knows the truth will tell you about it.

七、注意the way作先行词，其后的定语从句的特殊形式。

the way作先行词时，定语从句的引导词通常是in which和that，或者省略。例如：

What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.

(2004 湖北)

A. the wayB. in the way that

C. in the wayD. the way which

Theyre also paid $600 for their work—another way this program differs from others…(2006 四川)

I hate his way in which he always criticizes me.

The way that we made the experiment can be counted as innovative(创新的).

八、注意that可以作关系副词。

that一向被看作关系代词，其实它还可以作关系副词，功能上相当于when， where和why。例如：

This is the first time that we have been here to make a tour.

We invited the man to the party the day that you arrived.

This is the house that my father lived.

4.语法精讲定语从句（重点复习） 篇四

关系代词 关系副词

起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语 起连词作用，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语

who, whom, that, whose, which, as when, where, why

2、 掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：

1) 指人时宜用who 的情况：

a. 当先行词是 one, ones, anyone 或 those 时，关系代词用 who。

Anyone who goes there will be punished.

b. 在there be 开头的句子中。

There’s a beautiful girl who came to see you this morning.

c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。

I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese well.

d. 在非限定性定语从句中。

She has a brother, who worked at that factory ten years ago.

2) 指物时宜用 that 的情况：

a. 当先行词为 all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.

b. 当先行词既指人又指物时。

He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad.

c. 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.

d. 当先行词被 the very, the only, the last, any, every 等修饰时。

This is one of the very book that I am looking for.

e. 当先行词是疑问词 who, what, which 时。

Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?

f. 关系代词在从句中作表语。

Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.

3) 只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况。

a. 引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。

Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking.

Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.

b. 关系代词作介词的宾语。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

4) 关系代词 as 和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，as

引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。

Which you know, he is a good man. (×)

As you know, he is a good man. (√)

6)关系副词when, where, why其含义相当于on which, in which for which等，可以互换：

The day when /on which I met him first was May 1st.

I don’t know the reason why /for which he didn’t come.

7)whose指物时，可以与of which等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系：

This is the book the cover of which / of which the cover / whose cover is blue.

8)有时可用代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。

This is the reason (why / for which / that) he came late.

9)先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big.

10)在先行词和定语从句之间有无逗号有时会引起名义的变化：

He said nothing that made her angry. 他没说使她生气的话。

He said nothing, which made her angry. 他一言不发，这使她很生气。

3、 定语从句与强调结构

It is the place where they lived before.

It is in the place that they lived before.

第一个句子为定语从句，where指代the place，在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调in the place, that没有意义，把放回后面句子，句子意思完整。

Where is it that he found the lost watch? (强调句型，强调疑问副词where.)

Where is the watch he found yesterday? (定语从句，that指代the watch.)

4、 定语从句中的先行词

Is this book the one that you bought yesterday?

Is this the book that you bought yesterday?

第一个句子中，this book是主句的主语，the one是先行词。在第二个句子中this是主句的主语，the book是先行词。一定要避免出现：Is this book that you bought yesterday?

5、 定语从句与同位语从句

定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词，对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。例如：

The news that we heard is not true. (定语从句)

The news that he won the prize is not true. (同位语从句)

另: 在“have no idea +从句”结构中，其从句都作idea的同位语。例如：

I have no idea when she will be back.

定语从句专项练习

1. I shall never forget those years ___________ I lived in the country with the farmers, _________ has a great effect on my life.

A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who

2. Wilma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, _______ made her mother very proud.

A. it B. that C. which D. this

3. Can you tell me the name of the factory ____________ you visited last week?

A. what B. where C. / D. when

4. I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her.

A. / B. in that C. which D. of which

5. The most important thing __________ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.

A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that

6. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons __________ none of us has ever heard of.

A. which B. who C. whom D. that

7. He never reads anything _________ is not worth reading.

A. which B. as C. who D. that

8. I have bought such a watch ___________ was advertised on TV.

A. that B. which C. as D. it

9. _______ was expected, he failed in the exam.

A. That B. As C. Which D. It

10. I can never forget the day _________ we worked together and the day ________ we spent together.

A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

11. The children climbed up the hill, _________ they picnicked.

A. on its top B. on the top of it C. on whose top D. on the top of that

12. I still remember the day __________ I first came to the college.

A. on which B. in which C. at which D. which

13. They will never forget the day _________ they got married.

A. that B. which C. in which D. when

14. He makes good use of the time _________ he can spare.

A. when B. that C. in that D. in which

15. The factory ___________ his mother works is in the east of the city.

A. that B. which C. on which D. where

16. The place _________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.

A. which B. where C. what D. in which

17. That is the reason ________ he wasn’t here yesterday.

A. why B. which C. on which D. in which

18. That is the reason ________ he can’t say.

A. why B. that C. what D. in which

19. You have no idea _________ worried I was.

A. how B. however C. that D. where

高考试题选练

1. The film brought the hours back to me __________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.

A. until B. that C. when D. where

2. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _________ was true.

A. he B. this C. which D. who

3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _________ was very reasonable.

A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

4. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ________ leading actor is world famous.

A. is B. it’s C. whose D. which

5. The famous basketball star, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.

A. where B. when C. which D. who

6. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.

A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which

7. ________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

8. I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how B. which C. where D. that

9. Anyway, that evening, _________ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.

A. when B. where C. what D. which

10. There were dirty marks on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.

5.英语高考重点语法定语从句与写作 篇五

词汇和语法具体指导

1、动词时态具体指导

动词及其表现出的各种形式是历次考试中语法结构部分的重点。主要是考动词在充当谓语动词时的动词的限定形式(即 动词时态)和不独立充当谓语时的非限定形式(即非谓语动词)以及短语动词。

动词时态共有16 种，常见的有14 种。《基本要求》中规定要掌握的是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在 进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。

做动词时态题应注意以下几点：

1 .注意句子中给出的特定时间状语或相应语境;

2 .在时间或条件从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的动作;

3 .注意时态的呼应。某些从句特别是宾语从句中的动词时态，受主句谓语动词的影响。

动词时态在Section A 、Section B两个部分中都有出现。在SectionB中最难，要求考生写下来。因此，同学们应熟记各种时态的形式。

2、倒装句与强调句具体指导

倒装句与强调句也是考试中的两个常见项目，特别是倒装句。倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装。考试中常见倒装句句型 :

( 1 ) Neither，nor，so +助动词/情态动词+主语so do i

( 2 ) Hardly , never , rarely 开头引起的倒装

( 3 ) Not only … but also; no sooner … than hardly / scarcely … when 等特殊句式引起的倒装

( 4 ) Here , there ，down , away 引起的倒装e.g. Here comes the bus.

( 5 )虚拟语气中的倒装

3、主从复合句具体指导

主从复合句主要出现在Section A 中，多是选择题，也是词汇和语法结构中的难点，尽管所考项目均在初、高中涉及过 ，但因其面广，故同学们还是感到吃力。

考试中常见句型：

( l )主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句

That he is good at skating is known to us all.

I’m not what I used to be.

We agreed that the plan should be carried out soon.

The news that Thailand had an unrest was confirmed.

( 2 )定语从句中的非限定性定语从句及介词+which 从句

( 3 )时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句等状语从句,掌握从句的关键之一就是对引导词的掌握，因此同学们平时要多练习。

贰

写作考点突击

A、B级每年写作考点都是围绕着以下几个主题来出题的：

A级：书信、邮件、邀请函、报告、通知、广告

B级：求职信、邀请信、通知、邮件、广告

注：同学们要熟练掌握练习盘A、B级作文的考点和写作方法，考点相似

6.英语语法学习：什么是定语从句 篇六

定语从句即指在主从复合句用作定语的从句。定语从句通常修饰名词或代词，对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。关系词不仅引导定语从句，同时还在定语从句充当一定的句子成分。

二、关系词的用法与辨析

1. 关系词的用法

关系词分关系代词和关系副词。关系代词主要的有 that, who, whom, whose, which, as 等，其中who和whom 只用于指人，which和as 只用于指事物，whose和 that既可于指人也可用于指物，它们在定语从句可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语;关系副词主要有when, where 和why，其中when表示时间，where表地点，why表原因，它们在定语从句中均用作状语

2.关系词的辨析

(1) 关于关系代词that与which的区别、that与who的区别、who与whom的区别、as与which的区别等。

(2) 关系副词when, where与why的区别是：when用于指时间，where用于指地点，why用于指原因

三、关系词的省略

关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。

7.考研语法定语从句详解 篇七

There is a man downstairs who wants to see you。

楼下有人要见你。

In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention。

在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。

We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity。

我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志

She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere。

她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎

4.状译法

(1)译成表示“时间”的分句

A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded。

司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。

(2)译成表示“原因”的分句

He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable。

他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。

(3)译成表示“条件”的分句

Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families。

人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。

(4)译成表示“让步”的分句

He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for

尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。

(5)译成表示“目的”的分句

He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter。

为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。

He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument。

为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料以。

(6)译成表示“结果”的分句

They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country。

他们企图镇压反抗，结果反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国。

(7译成表示“转折”的分句

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was。

8.考研语法定语从句详解 篇八

(一)定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导

1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as

2、关系副词：when, where, why

关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。

e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.(关系代词who在从句中作主语)

The comrade with whom I came knows French.(whom在从句中作介词with的宾语)

3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1)当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语;2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语;3)先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语;4)whose用作定语，可指人或物;5)关系副词when(指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where(指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语)，why(指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语)。

(二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.(去掉定语从句，意思就不完整)

2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。

e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译)

(三)使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题

1、that与which的区别。

1)用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …;②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰;③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰;④先行词既有人又有物时。

e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。

2)用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句;②代表整个主句的意思;③介词 + 关系代词。

e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。

This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。

3)as引导定语从句时的用法

①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。

e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。

3)as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别

①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as;反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。

e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.

He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。

e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.

2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。

e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。

The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。

e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.

4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。

e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.

5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。

e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.

6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略;介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。

e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.

练习、定语从句

一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：

1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.

2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.

3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.

4. The students will not pass the exam . They don’t study hard.

5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.

6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.

7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.

8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.

9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.

10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.

11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.

12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.

13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.

14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in.

15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.

16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.

17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.

18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.

19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.

20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.

二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:

1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.

2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.

3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.

5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.

6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.

三、选择填空：

1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.

A. who B. which C. whom D. when

2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.

A. whose B. who C. whom D. which

3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.

A. that B. which C. what D. as

4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?

A. when B. where C. which D. who

5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.

A. which B. that C. whom D. as

6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.

A. whom B. which C. who D. when

7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning?

A. when B. where C. which D. who

8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?

A. who B. / C. that D. when

9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.

A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who

10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.

A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which

11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.

A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking

C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking

12. The man ____ around our school is from America.

A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed

13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.

A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who

14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.

A. where B. who C. in which D. which

15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?

A. that B. whom C. when D. whose

16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.

A. that B. which C. whatever D. all

17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those

18. This is the very letter ____came last night.

A. who B. which C. that D. as

19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.

A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one

20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.

A. where B. / C. when D. what

21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.

A. where B. that C. which D. on which

22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.

A. which B. in which C. that D. /

23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.

A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which

24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?

A. that B. which C. its D. whose

25. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.

A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom

26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago?

A. the one B. which C. that D. where

27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?

A. the one B. where C. in which D. /

28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?

A. whose B. who C. whom D. which

29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.

A. it B. which C. that D. he

30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.

A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were

31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.

A. which B. whose C. where D. in that

32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis.

A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it

33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.

A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which

34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.

A. when B. that C. at which D. where

36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.

A. that B. what C. which D. when

37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.

A. which B. as C. that D. it

38. ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.

A. What B. As C. That D. Which

39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.

A. whose B. that C. whom D. who

40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well.

A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which

41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?

A. why B. which C. for that D. of which

42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.

A. which B. what C. it D. that

43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.

A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed

44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.

A. It B. Which C. As D. That

45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.

A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what

46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.

A. when B. as C. whose D. what

47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.

A. when B. as C. whose D. what

48. He is absent ____ is often the case.

A. what B. which C. who D. as

49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.

A. that B. which C. what D. when

50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.

A. who B. that C. whom D. which

51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.

A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who

52. This is the only book ____ I can find.

A. that B. which C. it D. with which

53. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which

54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.

A. is B. are C. has D. have

55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.

A. is B. are C. has D. have

56. There was ____ to prevent the accident.

A. something could do B. anything we could do

C. nothing we couldn’t do D. nothing we could do

参考答案

语法复习四：定语从句

一、1. The fan that you want is on the desk. 2. The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room. 3. The magazine which he has taken away is mine. 4. The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 5. The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 6. The letter I received yesterday is from my sister. 7. The play that we saw last night was wonderful. 8. The train which was going to Nanning was late. 9. The boy who was here a minute ago is my brother. 10. The tree he is climbing is quite tall. 11. Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop. 12. That’s the child whose drawing we were looking at just now. 13. This is the boy whose sister is a favous singer. 14. I want to talk to the boy whose homework hasn’t been handed in. 15. Is that the woman whose daughter is in my class? 16. He used to live in a big house, in front of which grew many banana trees. 17. They passed a factory, at the back of which there were rice fields. 18. The soldier ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. 19. In the evening they arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple. 20. She came into a big room, in the middle of which stood a large table.

二、1. to whom; 2. wiht which; 3. with whom; 4. about which; 5. in which; 6. of which

三、1~5 ABACD 6~10 CDCCA 11~15 CCADA 16~20 ACCAB 21~25 ABBDC

26~30 ADABD 31~35 BBDCA 36~40 CABCC 41~45 AADCD 46~50 BBDAB