八年级上数学教学教案

八年级上数学教学教案（精选8篇）

1.八年级上数学教学教案 篇一

Topic: Free time activities

教学目标 语言目标 What do you usually do on weekends?

I sometimes go to the beach.

How often do you eat vegetables? Every day.

Most of the students do homework every day.

能力目标 Talk about how often you do things

语言结构 Wh-questions

What do …?

How often …?

Adverbs of frequency

All/most/some/none

学习策略 Using context

Transforming information

重点词汇 Always, usually,often, sometimes, hardly, ever, never;

exercising, shopping, skateboarding,;

once, twice, three times a week, month, every day

milk, junk food, drink

任

务

型

活

动

Teaching procedures

Task One Who is the best English student?

目的 Talk about how often you do things

Steps Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

前

期

任

务 Step 1 Introduce the key vocabulary.

Ask the students to say what they see in the thought bubbles.

Check the answers on the board. Name each activity.

Repeat reading the following:

watching TV, reading, shopping, skateboarding, exercising, drawing

Step 2

Play the recording twice.

Correct the answers. Listen and write the letter of one activity(a through e) after the word in the list.

Step 3 Ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.

Practice the dialogue with one student.

Walk around the class to offer language support as needed. Work in pairs to make their own conversations about the people in the picture

Step 4 Explain how to do Activity 2a and 2b.

Play the recording four times.

Check the answers. Listen and number each activity.

Listen again and draw lines between the activities and the time statements.

Step 5 Have one student to read the list of activities to the class.

Fill in the chart with the words in 2a.

Make conversations.

Present the dialogue to the class.

中

期

任

务 Step 6 Ask the students what they can do to improve their English. Give as many things as they can to improve English.

Step 5 Draw the table with the given examples on the board.

Move around the room offering language support.

Ask the students the questions on the right. Go around the classroom to ask questions so that they can find who is the best English student.

Answer the questions:

1 Why do you think that?

2 What does that student do?

3 How often does he/she do it?

任

务

后 Step 6 Ask one student to read the survey.

Talk with several different students about the activity survey and guide the students to respond.

Point out the magazine article.

Check the answers. Talk about the survey with the teacher and get to know the definitions and percentages.

Fill in the blanks in the article.

Step7 Check the answers. Do exercises on pages 1-2 of the workbook to practice the language presented in this unit.

Task Two Who is the healthiest?

目的 Learn to talk about how often they do things to keep healthy.

Steps Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities

布

置

任

务 Step 1 Check the answers.

Say the words in the box. Match the pictures with the words in the box.

Repeat the words after the teacher.

Step 2 Move around the room monitoring their work.

Ask two students to present their dialogue. Two students read the conversation.

Work in pairs to make their own conversations with the words in 1a.

Step 3 Play the recording four times.

Check the answers. Listen to the recording and circle Yes or No or I don’t know.

Fill in the survey in 2b.

执

行

任

务

Step 4

Ask two students to read the conversation in 2c.

Move around the room monitoring the work. Work in pairs to practice the conversation in 2b.

Step 5 Give some examples of healthy things and unhealthy things.

Ask some students to read their writings. Write about themselves. It must contain:

1 What healthy things do you do? How often?

2 What unhealthy things do you do? How often?

Step 6 Present the rules for the competition about the most healthy diet for the week. Make a diet for the week and show the diet to the class and also give some explanations.

验

收

任

务 Step 7 Read the instructions to the class and elicit the answer to the first question from the class.

Ask the students to do the activity individually. Read the letter and write answers to the questions.

Step 8 Move around the room while the students are working， offering language help if needed. Fill in the blanks in Paul’s letter individually.

2.八年级上数学教学教案 篇二

1. 熟练掌握课本上的概念、定理、性质、判定、推论等,在开始做题前,做到对课本上知识心中有数.

2. 认真读题,审题,弄清题目给出的已知条件和问题;

3. 把题目涉及到的性质、判定,已知的直接条件,隐含条件,全部标注在图上,可以选择不同颜色线或符号来标注;

4. 逆向推理出题目结论需要些什么样的条件,一环扣一环的打开题目的面纱,最后直指已知条件.

三角形的角( 多边形的角)

1. 知识点

1三角形的内角和等于180°.

2三角形的外角和等于360°.

3多边形( n边) 的内角和为( n - 2) 180°.

4多边形( n边) 的外角和为360°.

5三角形的一个外角等于与它不相邻的两个内角之和.

6三角形的一个外角大于任何一个与它不相邻的内角.

7正多边形每个内角都相等

8直角三角形的两个锐角互余.

2. 例题讲解与方法归纳

例1如图. 已知∠BDC = 142°,∠B =34°,∠C = 28°,求∠A的度数.

分析: 要求∠A的度数,我们可以利用四边形的内角和为360°来进行求解,已知∠B、∠C与∠BDC,但是要弄清楚∠BDC不是四边形ABCD的内角,它是一个凹四边形,我们首先得找到四个内角,如图分别是∠A、∠B、∠C与∠1

解: ∵∠BDC = 142°∠B = 34°∠C = 28°

又∵∠1 + ∠BDC = 360°

∴∠1 = 360° - ∠BDC = 360° - 142° = 218°

在四边ABCD中有∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠1 = 360°

∴∠A = 360° - ∠B - ∠C - ∠1 = 360° - 34° - 28° - 218° = 80°

方法归纳: 充分利用多边形的内角和定理( n - 2) 180°,多边形的任一个内角与它相邻的外角互补.

巩固与提高:

( 1) 如右图,∠1,∠2,∠3,∠4是五边形ABCDE的四个外角,若∠A = 120°,则∠1 + ∠2 +∠3 + ∠4 =____.

( 2) 如右图,一个直角三角形纸片,剪去直角后,得到一个四边形,则∠1 + ∠2 =_______.

( 3) 三角形的三个内角之比为1∶3∶5,那么这个三角形的最大内角为_______.

( 4) 在△ABC中,∠C = 60°,∠A - ∠B = 20°,则∠B =____ .

例2如图,求∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E的度数 .

分析: 初看此图,很多同学要把它想成一个多边形,然后就想用多边形内角和来求解,这样本题就走了歪路. 此题刚开始接触时,对我们大多数同学来说是陌生的,而我们要把陌生的问题转化成熟悉的问题来解决,把这个五角星的五个角转化到一个三角形中,利用三角形性质求解:

解: 如图在以B为顶点的三角形中标出∠1与∠2,可知∠1是以C、E为顶点的三角形的一个外角,∠2是以A、D为顶点的三角形的一个外角,根据三角形一外角等于以它不相邻的两个内角之和,有:

∠1 = ∠C + ∠E ∠2 = ∠A + ∠D

∴∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E = ∠B + ∠1 + ∠2 = 180°

方法归纳: 把陌生的问题转化成熟悉的问题来解决,把这个五角星的五个角转化到一个三角形中,利用三角形性质求解.

巩固与提高:

( 1) 如图,求∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E的度数.

( 2) 如图求∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E + ∠F的度数.

例3若一个正多边形的内角和与一个外角的和为1300°,则这个多边形的边数是多少? 这个外角的度数是多少?

分析: 内角和不知,外角不知,有两个未知数,只有一个等量关系,显然要直接求出来,有难度.

思路: 这个外角有一个取值范围,大于0°,小于180°,可以此作为突破口.

解: 设此多边形为n边形,设角度数为X°

则有0° < X° < 180°

∴ ( n - 2) 180° + X = 1300°

即( n - 2) 180° = 1300° - X

而1300÷180° = 7……40°

∴ n - 2 = 7 X = 40°

∴ n = 9 X = 40°

方法归纳: 多边形( n边) 的内角和为( n - 2) 180°. 多边形( n边) 的外角和为360°.

正多边形每个内角都相等

巩固与提高:

( 1) 一个九边形所有内角的度数都相等,则每个内角的度数是_____.

( 2) 一个多边形的内角和与外角和之比为9∶2,求此多边形的边数.

例4AF,AD分别是△ABC的高和角平分线,且∠C > ∠B,求∠DAF与∠C、∠B的关系?

证明∵∠CAB = 1800 - ∠B - ∠ACB

又∵AF,AD分别是△ABC的高和角平分线,

∴∠CAD =1/2∠CAB = 900 -1/2∠B -1/2∠C

在直角三角形CAF中

∠CAF = 900 - ∠C

方法归纳: AF,AD分别是△ABC的高和角平分线,△ABC同一边上的高和角平分线的夹角∠DAF =1/2( ∠C - ∠B) ,( ∠C > ∠B) .

巩固与提高:

如图,AF,AD分别是△ABC的高和角平分线,且∠B = 44°,∠ACB = 68°,求∠DAF的度数.

例5如图,已知AB∥CD,∠C = 125°,∠A = 45°,那么∠E的大小为____.

解: 如图∵AB∥CD,∠C = 125°,∠A = 45°

∴∠1 = ∠C = 125°

∠1 = ∠A + ∠E

∴∠E = 125° - 45° = 80°

方法归纳: 三角形的一个外角等于与它不相邻的两个内角之和. 三角形的一个外角大于任何一个与它不相邻的内角.

巩固与提高:

( 1) 如图,在△ABC中,∠A = 80°,点D是BC延长线上一点,∠ACD = 150°,则∠B =_______.

( 2) 如图,用“> ”连接∠1,∠2,∠3,∠4为______.

( 3) 如图7,D,E分别在BC,AC上,AD,BE交于F,试说明:

∠AFB = ∠CAD + ∠C + ∠EBC

二、三角形的边

1、知识点:

1三角形两边之和大于第三边,两边之差小于第三边;

2三角形三条高交于一点( 这一点可在内部、外面、顶点上) ;

3三角形三条中线交于三角形内一点;

4三角形三条角平分线交于三角形内一点.

2、例题讲解

例1如图AD是△ABC中线,AB = 4,AC = 6.

求AD的取值范围.

分析: 已知AB = 4,AC = 6,求AD,三边不在同一个三角形中,无法应用两边之和大于第三边性质.

思路: 把三边归到一个三角形中.

解: 如图延长AD到E,使DA = DE

又∵AD是中线,∴BD = CD

在△ABD与△ECD中.

∴ AB = EC

在△ACE中,AC = 6,AE = 2AD,EC = AB = 4

6 - 4 < AE < 6 + 4

AD =1/2AE

∴ 1 < AD < 5

例2若△ABC的三边长分别为a,b,c,则| a - b - c | - | b + a - c |=____ .

分析: 要化简这个式子,就要打开绝对值,而打开绝对值,就要知道绝对值里面的式子是正还是负,然后,打开、合并就行了.

解∵三角形中两边之和大于第三边,两边之差小于第三边.

∴ a - b - c < 0 b + a - c > 0

∴ | a - b - c | - | b + a - c | = - ( a - b - c) - ( b + a - c)= - a + b + c - b - a + c= 2c - 2a

例3若等腰三角形的两边分别为5和10,则它的周长为_____.

分析: 两边分别为5和10,因为是等腰,第三边可能是5. 也可能是10.

解: 1当5为腰时,底为10,三边分别为5、5、10

5 + 5 = 10,不满足两边之和大于第三边,因此这种情况构不成三角形,不成立.

2当10为腰时,底为5,则三边分别是10、10、5成立

∴周长为10 + 10 + 5 = 25.

方法归纳: 三角形两边之和大于第三边,两边之差小于第三边;

巩固与提高:

1. 下列长度的各级线段中,能组成三角形的是( )

A. 1,2,4 B. 4,5,6

C. 6,2,3 D. 6,8,15

2. 最大角小于90°的三角形是____三角形.

3. 若等腰三角形的两边长分别为2,4则它的周长为 ____.

4. 若一个三角形的两边长分别是2和5,第三边长X为奇数,则X的值为_____ .

5. 一个等腰三角形的周长是36cm,

( 1) 已知腰长是底边长的2倍,求各边长.

( 2) 已知其中一边长为8cm,求其他两边长.

6. 已知a、b、c为三角形三边,化简

| a + b - c | - | a - b + c | - | b - a - c |

7. △ABC为一等腰三角形,D是AC中点,BD把△ABC的周长分12和15两部分,求三角形各边长.

数学八年级( 上) ( 人教版) 练习题参考答案( 一)

一、三角形的角( 多边形的角)

例 1 ( 1) 300° ( 2) 270° ( 3) 100° ( 4) 70°

例2 ( 1) 解: 如图连接AC

∠1 = ∠D + ∠E = ∠2 + ∠3

∠2 + ∠A + ∠B + ∠3 + ∠C = 1800

∴∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E = 1800

( 2) 解如图∠1 = ∠A + ∠B

∠2 = ∠C + ∠D

∠3 = ∠E + ∠F

∴∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E + ∠F = ∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 = 3600

例3 ( 1) 解: 设这个内角为X,则有

( 2) 解: 设此多边形边数为n,则有

( n - 2) ·180°∶ 360° = 9∶ 2

( n - 2) ∶ 2 = 9∶ 2

∴ n - 2 = 9 n = 11

例 4 ∠DAF =1/2( ∠C - ∠B) = 12°

二、三角形的边

1、B; 2、锐角三角形; 3、10; 4、5; 5、( 1) 7. 2 ( 2 ) 8 14 14; 6、- a + 3b- 3c

7、解分两种情况讨论:

1当上半部分为12时,下半部门为15

设 AD = X,则 AB = 2X

则有3X = 12,X = 4

BC + CD = 15 BC + X = 15 BC = 11

三边分别是8、8、11成立.

2当上半部门为15时,下半部分为12

设 AD = X,CD = X,AB = 2X

则有3X = 15,X = 5

BC + CD = 12,BC + 5 = 12 BC = 7

则三边分别为10、10、7成立.

( 二)

三角形全等证明及角平分线性质应用方法归纳

一、全等三角形证明:

1. 知识点

1“边边边”“SSS”; 2“边角边”“SAS”;

3“角边角”“ASA”; 4“角角边”“AAS”;

5“斜边直角边”“HL”.

填出下面的判定

( 2) 已知一边一角

例1如图,点E,F在AC上,AB∥CD,AB = CD,AE = CF,

求证: △ABF≌△CDE.

证明分析: 直接条件AB = CD

间接条件AE = CF,可得AE + EF = CF + EF

即 AF = CE

AB∥CD可得∠A = ∠C

在△ABF和△CDE中

AB = CD,∠A = ∠C,AF = CE,

△ABF≌△CDE( SAS) .

例2如图,为修公路,需测量出被大石头阻挡的∠A的大小,为此,小张师傅在直线AC上取点D,使CD = AC,在BC的延长线上取点E,使CE = BC,连接DE,则只要测出∠D的度数,就知∠A的度数,请说明理由.

[分析]只要构造出△ABC≌△DEC即可,由题意可知所给条件满足全等三角形的判定条件“SAS”,

证明: 由题意知AD,BE交于点C,所以

∠ACB = ∠DCE( 对顶角相等)

∴△ABC≌DEC( SAS) ∴∠A = ∠D

因此,只要测出∠D的度数,就知道∠A的度数了.

例3已知: 如图,AB = AE,∠1 = ∠2,∠B = ∠E,求证: BC = ED.

证明分析,要证BC = ED

只需要证△ABC≌AED

直接条件有AB = AE,∠B = ∠E

间接条件∠1 = ∠2,可得∠1 + ∠BAD = ∠2 + ∠BAD

∴∠EAD = ∠BAC

∴在△AED与△ABC中

∴△AED≌△ABC( ASA)

BC = ED

例4如图,在△ABC中,∠C = 900,点D是AB边上的一点,DM⊥AB且DM =AC,过点M作ME∥BC可得∠B = ∠MED

证明在△ABC与△MED中

∠MDE = ∠ACB,∠B = ∠MED

DM = AC,∴∠ABC = ∠MED( AAS)

3、巩固练习

1、如图,AB = AE,∠ABC = ∠AED,BC = ED,点F是CD的中点. 求证: AF⊥CD.

2、如图,点B,C,D,F在同一条直线上,已知AB = EC,AD = EF,BC = DF,探索AB与EC的位置关系,并说明理由.

3、如图,点E,F在BC上,AE⊥BC,DF⊥BC,AC = DB,BE = CF,求证: AC∥DB.

4、如图,在△ABC中,AB = CB,∠ABC = 900,F为AB延长线上一点,点E在BC上,AE = CF.

( 1) 求证: Rt△ABE≌Rt△CBF;

( 2) 若∠CAE = 300,求∠ACF的度数.

5、如图,AB = AC,∠BAD = ∠CAE,AD = AE,求证: △ABE≌△ACD

6、如图,已知AB = AD,BC = DC,求证: OB = OD

二、应用三角形特殊性质证明类题型的方法与技巧

1. 知识点

1角平分线性质,角平分线上的点到角两边距离相等

2角平分线的判定,在角的内部到角两边距离相等垢点在角平分线上

3垂直平分线性质,垂直平分线上的点到线段两端距离相等

4等腰三角形性质: 等边对等角,底边上三线合一

5直角三角形性质: 30 度角所对直角边等于斜边一半,斜边上的中线等于斜边的一半.

2. 例题讲解与方法疏理

角平分线类的题型可以按事下步骤进行

1、作出角平分线的点到角两边的距离

2、根据角平分线的性质可知,所作两条线段相等还有一个直角相等,还有一条公共边可以利用HL判断两个三角形全等

例1如图四边形ABCD中,已知BD平分∠ABC,∠A + ∠C = 180°求证:AD = CD

分析: 要证AD = CD,通常是利用三角形全等或者角平分线性质,垂直平分线的性质来完成,显然; 图中两个现成的三角形不全等,而已知条件告诉我们BD平分∠ABC,那么我们就可以充分利用角平分线性质,先作出角平分线到角两边的垂线,过D点作BA、BC垂线分别定于E. F两点.

证明: 如图过D作BA、BC垂线定于E、F两点

∵BD平分∠ABC DE⊥BA DF⊥BC

∴ DE = DF ∠DEA = ∠DFC = 90°

又∵∠A + ∠C = 180°即∠BAD + ∠C = 180°

又∵∠BAD + ∠DAE = 180°

∴∠C = ∠DAE

在△DFC与△DEA中

∴ AD = CD

例2如图在△ABC中,∠ABC的平分线与∠BAC的补角的平分线交于点D,求证: CD平分∠CAN

分析: 已知条件BD平分∠ABC,就充分与利用角平分线的性质,过D作BM、BD垂线,证全等而题目求证CD平分∠CAN,就要利用角平分线的判定,也需要过D点作CA与CN的垂线才能利用判定.

证明: 过D作DE⊥BM DF⊥BN DG⊥AC

∵BD平分∠BAC DE⊥BM DF⊥BN

∴ DE = DF

又∵AD平分∠MAC DE⊥AM DG⊥AC

∴ DG = DE = DF

又∵DG⊥AC DF⊥CN点D在∠CAN内部

∴CD平分∠CAN

例3已知,如图: 四边形ABCD,BE平分∠ABC,CE平分∠BCD,点E在AD上

求证: BC = AB + CD

分析: 要求证: BC = AB + CD,简单的证明三角形全等无法达到题目的要求,而应用角平分线的性质也不能解决问题,因为这类题型对于大多数同学来说,就比较复杂了,要求比较高,多数人找不到从何“下手”,因为现有的认知,不能满足问题的需要,问题比较陌生; 这就需要我们把问题进行转化,把它化成我们熟悉的已知的类型,可以作以下转化:

1、把BC边截短,在BC上找一点G使BE = BA那么问题就能化成只需要证明GC = CD,问题就解决了.

证明: 方法一: 如图,在BC上取一点F,使BF = BA,连接EF.

∵EC,EB分别平分∠BCD和∠ABC

∴∠1 = ∠2∠3 = ∠4

在△ABE和△FBE中

∴∠A = ∠5,∵AB∥CD,∴∠A + ∠D = 180°

而∠5 + ∠6 = 180°,∠6 = ∠D

在△FEC和△DEC中

∴ FC = CD,∴ BC = BF + CF = AB + CD

2、把短边AB或CD补长,如图延长BA到F,使AF = CD问题就转化成求证: BC = BF.

方法二: 如图,延长BA、CE交于点F

∵EC,EB分别平分∠BCD和∠ABC

∴∠1 = ∠2∠3 = ∠4

∠2 = 1 /2∠ABC,∠3 = 1 /2∠BCD

又∵AB∥CD,∴∠ABC + ∠BCD = 1800

∴∠2 + ∠3 = 1 /2( ∠ABC + ∠BCD) = 900∠BEC = 900

在△BEC与△BEF中

∠BEC = ∠BEF = 90°

∴△BEC≌△BEF( ASA) ,

∴ BC = BF,EC = EF

∵AB∥CD,∴∠EAF = ∠D,∠F = ∠4

在△EAF和△EDC中

∴ CD = AF,∴ BC = BF = BA + AF = AB + CD.

3、巩固练习

1、如图,在△ABC中,BD = DC,ED⊥DF,求证: BE + CF > EF

2、如图,在△ABC中,D是BC边的中点,DE⊥BC交∠BAC的平分线于点E,EF⊥AB于点F,EG⊥AC的延长线于G,则BF = CG,为什么?

3、如图,在△ABC中,∠B = 90°,AD为∠BAC的平分线,DF⊥AC于点F,DE = DC,那么BE与CF相等吗? 请说明理由:

4、. 如图,已知AB = AC,BD = DC,DE⊥AB且交AB的延长线于点E,DF⊥AC且交AC的延长线于点F,求证: DE = DF

数学八年级( 上) ( 人教版) 巩固练习参考答案( 二)

一、全等三角形证明

1、证明: 如图,连接 AC,AD

∴在△ACF和∠ADF中,

∴△ACF≌△ADF( SSS) ,∴∠AFD = ∠AFC

又∵∠AFD + ∠AFC = 1800,∴∠AFD = ∠AFC = 900,∠AF⊥CD,

2、解: AB与EC的位置是AB∥EC

理由如下: ∵BC = DF,∴BD = CF

∴△ABD≌△ECF( SSS) ,∴∠B = ∠ECF,,∴AB∥EC

3、∵ BE = CF,∴ BE + EF = CF + EF,即 BF = CE

∵AE⊥BC,DF⊥BC,∴∠AEC = ∠DFB = 900

在 Rt△AEC 和 Rt△DFB 中

∴∠ACE = ∠DBF,∴AC∥DB

4、( 1) 证明: ∠ABC = 900,∴∠CBF = ∠ABE = 900,

在 Rt△ABE 和 Rt△CBF 中,∵ AF = CF,AB = BC,

∴ Rt△ABE≌Rt△CBF( HL) .

( 2) 解: ∵AB = BC,∠ABC = 900,∴∠CAB = ∠ACB = 450

∴∠BAE = ∠CAB - ∠CAE = 450 - 300 = 150,

由( 1) 知Rt△ABE≌Rt△CBF,∴∠BCF = ∠BAE = 150

∴∠ACF = ∠BCF + ∠ACB = 150 + 450 = 600

5、证明: ∵∠BAD = ∠CAE,∴∠BAD + ∠DAE = ∠CAE + ∠DAE

∴∠BAE = ∠CAD,在△ABE和△ACD中,

∴△ABE≌△ACD( SAS)

6、

∴△ABC≌△ADC( SSS) ,∴∠BCO = ∠DCO

∴△BCO≌△DCO( SAS) ,∴OB = OD

1证明: 延长FD到C,使DG = DF,连接BC,EG

∴△BDG≌△CDF( SAS)

∴ BG = CF

∵ ED⊥DF,

∴∠EDG = ∠EDF = 90°

∴△EDG≌∠EDF( SAS) ,∴EG = EF

在△EBG中,BE + BG > EG,∴BE + CF > EF

2、解: 连接BE和CE

∵ EF⊥AB,EG⊥AC,

∴∠BFE = ∠G = 90°

∴△BED≌△CED( SAS) ,∴BE = CE

∵AE平分∠BAC,EF⊥AB,EG⊥AC,∴EF = EG,

∴ Rt△EBF≌Rt△ECG( HL) ,∴ BF = CG,

3、解: BE = CF,理由:

∵AD为∠BAC的平分线,

∵DF⊥AC,∴∠AFD = ∠B = 90°.

∴ BD = DF,

∴ Rt△EBD≌Rt△CFD( HL) ,∴ BE = CF

∴△ACD≌△ABD ( SSS )

∴∠CAD = ∠BAD

又∵DE⊥AB,DF⊥AC,

3.八年级（上）期末检测题（二） 篇三

1. ——What are you going to be in the future?——____ engineer.

A. A B. AnC. TheD. 不填

2. On his day ____, he doesn’t want to go ____ a drive.

A. on; offB. of; withC. off; forD. away; in

3. She is going to ____ some money to travel somewhere interesting.

A. saveB. keepC. holdD. build

4. We all like her ____ she is kind and helpful.

A. soB. andC. becauseD. but

5. I don’t like doing the dishes because it’s ____.

A. interestingB. relaxingC. funD. boring

6. Could you ____ my pet dog when I’m away?

A. work onB. take outC. come overD. take care of

7. ——____ is the ticket?

——It’s only five yuan.

A. How many B. How muchC. How longD. How far

8. He often exercises. He is ____ than me.

A. athleticB. athleticerC. more athleticD. most athletic

9. It ____ him nearly an hour to get there by bike.

A. tookB. spent C. paidD. cost

10. Eating lots of vegetables and fruit can help us ____.

A. keep fitB. hang outC. look afterD. get back

11. ——What ____ animals can you see in the picture?

——I can see some sheep.

A. elseB. other C. anotherD. the other

12. ——Did Henry win a prize last year?

——____.

A. Yes, he won B. Yes, he did C. No, he didD. No, he won

13. ——How often do you go to the concert?

——____, I don’t like music at all.

A. Always B. Often C. Once a weekD. Never

14. Tom wants to take acting lessons when he grows up. He wants to be an ____.

A. engineerB. actor C. pilotD. programmer

15. ——Do you think fast food is popular in China?

——____. The Chinese usually have fast food for breakfast.

A. Yes, I think soB. No, I don’t think so

C. I hope soD. I hope not

Ⅱ.完形填空（10分）

Daniel Boone was born in the United States __1__ 1734. He didn’t go to school and couldn’t read, __2__ he learned all about the forests and many other things around him. He loved to __3__ alone in the forests because nothing would trouble him there.

When he grew up, he tried to live on a farm, but he wasn’t very __4__ and a year later he __5__ to go into the unknown western lands. When he returned after two years, he became__6__ for his long journey. He brought back many useful things, and they helped people a lot.

After this he kept __7__ to unknown places. The Indians liked him and became his __8__. Daniel Boone __9__ at the age of 86. He lived an interesting life in the early years of America and people remembered him __10__ an explorer and a pioneer.

1. A. in B. on C. at D. of

2. A. because B. butC. orD. and

3. A. liveB. helpC. askD. sit

4. A. busy B. tired C. kindD. happy

5. A. hatedB. decided C. worried D. forgot

6. A. famous B. slow C. excitingD. interested

7. A. leaving B. turningC. travelingD. hurrying

8. A. friends B. workersC. teachers D. travelers

9. A. lived B. stayed C. began D. died

10. A. to B. forC. asD. of

Ⅲ. 阅读理解（30分）

(A)

People usually talk about two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. Scientists think that there are also two kinds of people: people who prefer warm colors and people who prefer cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and yellow. Where there are warm colors and a lot of lights, people usually want to be active. People think that red, for example, is exciting. Social people, those who like to be with others, like red. The cool colors are green, blue and violet. These colors, unlike warm colors, are relaxing. Where there are cool colors, people are usually quiet. People who like to spend time alone often prefer blue. Red may be exciting, but one scientist says that time seems to pass more slowly in a room with warm colors than in a room with cool colors. He says that a warm color, such as red or orange, is good color for a living room or a restaurant. People who are resting or eating do not want time to pass quickly. Cool colors are better for offices and factories if the people who are working there want time to pass quickly.

根据短文内容,选择正确答案:

1. According to the passage, people who don’t like to be with others ____.

A. like orange colorB. like blue color

C. prefer warm colorD. are usually active

2. The underlined word “Social people” means ____ in Chinese.

A. 城市居民B. 社会学家

C. 喜欢运动的人D. 好交际的人

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage? ____.

A. Scientists like warm colors better than cool colors

B. Time seems to pass more quickly in a room with red than with violet

C. Time passes more slowly where there are cool colors

D. We’d better color a living room or restaurant in warm colors

4. Why are offices and factories often colored in cool colors according to the scientist? ____.

A. Because these colors can make time seem to pass more quickly

B. Because these colors can make people excited

C. Because everybody likes white color

D. Because working people can be more active

5. The best title of this passage should be ____.

A. Warm Colors and Cool Colors

B. People and Colors

C. Social People Like Warm Colors

D. Places and Colors

(B)

Lucy:

I went to the zoo and saw some sharks on summer vacation. I also got lots of exercises of course. I did my homework every day.

Andy:

On summer vacation, I did my homework. I went to the beach and I also took piano lessons. I had lots of fun.

Kate,

I’m going to have a party. I need some help. Could you please help me dosome shopping?I’d like to buy some drinks and fruits.

Thanks,

Tony

Zhou Hua,

We’re going to have a Chinese exam! My Chinese is poor. Could you help me learn Chinese?

Thanks,

Sally

Henry:

The most popular clothing store is Jason’s. There are the best quality clothing.

根据上面的内容,完成句子:

6. On summer vacation, both Lucy and Andy ____.

7. Lucy ____ and saw some sharks, but Andy didn’t.

8. Tony asks Kate to ____.

9. ____ asks ____ to help her learn Chinese.

10. Henry thinks Jason’s is the most popular clothing store because it has ____.

(C)

Almost everyone knows the meaning of Mr., Mrs. and Miss. People use Mr. with men’s last names. And Mrs. is for married women and Miss is for single (单身的) women. But what is Ms?

For sometimes, people in the United States use Ms before a women’s name when they do not know whether the woman is married or not. Today many people like to use Ms. Some women feel that it is not important for people to know whether they are married or not.

There are some problems with Ms. Not all women like it. Some like the old ways of doing things. They find it difficult to pronounce(发音) the word. But young people like it.

根据上面的短文，判断正（T）误（F）

11. People usually use Mrs. before single women’s names.

12. Mary is a married woman. So when we meet her, we can call her Miss Mary.

13. Not all women like the word “Ms”.

14. Some women find the word “Ms” is difficult to say.

15. Now young people like to use Ms.

Ⅳ.词汇考查:（10分）

1. ——Could you help me s____ the floor? ——Sure.

2. We usually b____ some books from our school library on Friday．

3. The p____ in the talent show are all very outstanding．

4. Although my home is far from school， I am s____ late for school．

5. My parents are b____ teachers．

6. Our school had a fashion show yesterday． U____(不幸地)， the show was very dull．

7. I think Beckham is a t____(天才的) football player．

8. We are going to b____(建造) a subway in the middle of our city．

9. The ____(领导) of the school are going to visit your grandparents on Teachers’ Day．

10. Jean’s mother w____(担心) about her son very much， because he is badly ill．

Ⅴ.改错：请指出错误选项并改正。（5分）

1. There is going to have a sports meeting next Tuesday.

A BCD

2. Bob and Jane was watching TV this time yesterday.

ABC D

3. What a exciting book it is!

ABCD

4. The Great Wall is a symbol of the China nation.

A B C D

5. People can only get information about UFOs in books, TV and so on.

ABCD

Ⅵ. 根据汉语意思,完成下列句子:（10分）

1. 我们明天去动物园好吗?

____ we ____ to the zoo tomorrow?

2. 明天上午你有空吗?

____ you ____ tomorrow morning?

3. 为什么不和我们一起打篮球呢?

____ ____ ____ basketball with us?

4. 我们一起吃晚饭吧。

____ have dinner together.

5. 我想她不会游泳。

I ____ ____ she ____ swim.

6. 她今天下午没有什么事儿做。

She has ____ to ____ ____ afternoon.

7. 下个星期六你打算做什么?

____ are you ____ to ____ next Saturday?

8. 我不知道如何做这件事。

I don’t know ____ ____ ____ the work.

9. 你的手表没什么毛病。

There is____ ____ with your watch.

10. 我认为动物园里最有趣的动物是海豚。

I ____ the ____ ____ animal in the zoo is the dolphin.

Ⅶ.动词应用。阅读下面的短文,用括号内动词的正确形式填空:（10分）

Ann is an American girl. She __1__(have) big eyes and brown hair. She __2__ (study) in a middle school in Washington.

Ann __3__ (be) born on January 8th, 1992. She __4__ (start) school when she was only 6 years old. She studied in a primary school in New York before she __5__(move) to Washington with her family.

Ann’s favorite subject __6__(be) biology. She is interested in it very much. She wants __7__(major) in biology when she __8__(go) to college. But her music teacher says Ann should __9__(learn) music because she has a very good voice. She predicts (预测) that Ann __10__(become) a singer in the future.

Ⅷ.句型转换。（10分）

1. The sweaters feel very comfortable.（改为一般疑问句）

____ the sweaters____ very comfortable?

2. Excuse me. Where is the nearest school? （改为同义句）

Excuse me. ____ can I ____ to the nearest school?

3. Betty was sad. She heard about so many animals in danger.（两句合并为一句）

Betty was sad ____ ____ about many animals in danger.

4. There is no water in the bottle, ____ ____? （改为反意疑问句）

5. I watched TV last Sunday.(用at 9:00改写)

I ____ ____ TV at 9:00 last Sunday.

Ⅸ.补全对话（5分）

阅读下面的对话，根据对话内容补上所缺的句子，使对话意思完整。

A: Hi, Tom. You were not here yesterday afternoon. __1__?

B: __2__.

A: __3__. How are you feeling now?

B: Much better. The fever is gone, but I still cough and I feel weak.

A: Did you see the doctor?

B: Yes, I went to the doctor’s yesterday afternoon. The doctor gave me some medicine and asked me to __4__.

A: Why don’t you stay at home today?

B: Because I’m afraid I’ll miss too many lessons and I’ll be left behind.

A: Don’t worry. Take care of yourself. __5__.

B: Thank you.

Ⅹ.书面表达（15分）

根据表格所提供的有关张华的信息，写一篇短文介绍他的情况。

要求：1.表格内容要全部体现在文章中。

4.八年级上数学教学教案 篇四

一、学习目标：

1、能说出一元一次不等式的定义并会识别一元一次不等式。

2、会正确熟练解一元一次不等式。

二、学习重点、学习难点： 学习重点：解一元一次不等式 学习难点：解一元一次不等式

三、学法指导：利用一元一次方程通过对比的方法解一元一次不等式。

四、学习过程：

（一）、课前预习导学：（课前必做）

1、旧知回顾：

①、是不等式x≥4的一个解，不等式x≥4的解集是②、在数轴上表示下列不等式的解集：

y＞－3,x＜2

m≥－2.5n≤31

4③、不等式n≤31

非负整数解是

画数轴来表示：

2、新知挑战：

①、一元一次不等式的定义：

观察下列不等式：y＞－

3、x+8＜

2、m-4.5≥－2.5、x32

x53

≤31这些不等式的左右两边都是，都只含有个未知数，并且未知数的次数都是次，像这样的不等式叫不等式。②、一元一次方程的解法： 解方程：3x+6=8

牛刀小试：

解不等式3x+6＜8，并在数轴上画出解集：

（二）、课堂研讨探究：

1、一元一次不等式的解法：并在数轴上表示下列不等式的解集

x+8＜2、4＞x+13x+2＞4x-6

2、不等式的特殊解：

求不等式1-x≤3x+9的正整数解，在数轴上表示出不等式的解集

（三）、课内巩固训练：

1、同步检测：

解不等式，并在数轴上画出解集

x+8＜

2、m-4.5≥－2.52、当堂检测：

解不等式，并在数轴上画出解集：

1-x≤3x+53(x+4)＜2(x-1)

(四)、课后拓展延伸：

1、解不等式，并在数轴上画出解集

5（x+3）-2＜6(x+1)+31x12x

2＜72、解不等式，并在数轴上画出解集,并求出它的负整数解： 3（x-3）＞2(2x-3)

5.八年级上历史教案 篇五

【知识与能力】

知道中华民族资本主义的发展情况;知道近代以来中国人在衣、食、住、行生活的变化;分析理解中华民族工业的发展特点和社会生活变化的特点

【过程与方法】

通过资料、图片和视频，让学生直观感受中华民族资本主义的发展和社会生活的变化;教师引导，学生主导，共同探究问题，提高学生分析历史问题的能力

【情感态度价值观】

使学生认识到中国近代社会性质决定了中华民族资本主义的曲折发展;让学生感受到张謇、侯德榜等人爱国情怀，培养学生的民族情怀和热爱祖国的情感

教学重难点

【教学重点】

中国近代民族工业的“短暂春天”、中国近代社会生活的变化。

【教学难点】

中国近代民族工业发展和中国社会生活变化的特点。

教学过程

一、导入新课

一曲中国梦把我们带回了跌宕起伏、波澜壮阔的难忘岁月。当鸦片战争开启中国近代史后，中华儿女就有一个梦想，一个民族复兴的梦想。习近平总书记在参观《民族复兴》展览时强调指出：“实现中华民族伟大复兴是一项光荣而艰巨的事业，需要一代又一代中国人共同为之努力。”实现民族独立，发展民族经济、振兴民族工业、改善人民生活是实现中国梦的关键所在。今天就让我们一起学习第25课：经济和社会生活的变化，去感受一下，近代以来中华民族工业的发展和社会生活的变化。

二、新课讲授

目标导学一：民族资本主义的发展

1.教师讲述：中国近代民族工业是指产生于半殖民地半封建社会中的民办资本主义机器工业。

2.教师引导：请同学们阅读教材，说一说中华民族资本主义的产生和发展阶段。

学生回答：中华民族资本主义产生于19世纪六七十年代。主要的发展阶段有：甲午战争后、辛亥革命后、第一次世界大战期间、国民党时期。

3.教师出示：《张謇》《大生纱厂》

提问：张謇原来的人生目标是金榜题名，后来为什么又转向办实业，创办大生纱厂?

学生回答：甲午中日战争后，外国在纷纷在华开办工厂，实业家张謇积极发展本国工商业，以抵制列强对中国的剥削，以挽回中国的利益。

4.教师引导：请同学们阅读教材，找出一战期间中华民族工业发展出现“短暂春天”的原因有哪些?

学生回答：①辛亥革命__了封建专 制主义，为民族工业的发展扫除了障碍;②中华民国临时政府颁布了一系列奖励发展实业的法令;③各种实业团体和个人、海外华侨纷纷投资创业;④一战期间，西方列强忙于欧洲战事，暂时放松了对中国经济侵略，中华民族工业发展迅速。

5.教师提问：一战期间民族工业出现了“短暂的春天”，战后继续发展，但到了20世纪30、40年代却为什么陷入了萧条?

学生讨论后回答，教师总结：这一时期民族工业受到了帝国主义和封建主义的双重压迫外，还受到官僚资本主义的摧残。

6.教师展示材料：《民国初年江浙地区民族工业分布图》

教师提问：请同学们根据材料，说一说中华民族工业发展的特点?

学生回答：主要分布在沿海地区，以轻工业为主，重工业发展较小。

教师提问：还有其他的特点吗?

学生回答：总体发展滞后，资金少、规模小、技术差等。

教师强调:中华民族资本主义产生于半殖民地半封建社会的中国，从诞生起就深受殖民主义和封建主义，以及后来的官僚资本主义的压迫，造就了中国资本主义的发展“先天不足、后天畸形”的发展特点。

目标导学二：社会生活的变化

1.教师讲述：近代交通运输业的飞跃离不开两次科技革命的推动。英国和美国走在世界的前列，发明了以蒸汽机为动力的火车和轮船，之后又出现了电车、汽车、飞机等交通工具，极大地改变了人们的生产和生活方式。当鸦片战争打开中国国门后，西方科技文化伴随着侵略也大量传入中国，包括火车和轮船在内的近代化的产物也进入中国，逐渐取代了中国传统交通工具轿子、马车和旧式帆船。

2.教师引导：常言道：“要想富，先修路”，请同学们结合教材，说一说传入中国的新式交通工具有哪些?给人们带来了哪些便利?

学生回答：新式交通工具有：火车、轮船、电车、汽车、飞机等。

学生回答：方便了人们的出行，促进了商品的流通，逐渐改变了人们的生产和生活方式。同时也便利了外国列强对中国的掠夺。

3.教师过渡：伴随着社会经济与文化的发展，人们的生活方式和风俗习惯也开始发生了深刻变化。

4.教师引导：请同学们阅读教材，完成表格。

5.教师出示：《中山装》、《旗袍》

讲述：中山装和旗袍是民国时期主要服装，人们穿着中山装尽显男人本身，身穿旗袍展现女性窈窕身姿，将女人的妩媚典雅、山水韵律尽情体现，在绚丽的色彩中感受生活的多姿多彩。

三、课堂总结

6.八年级上 22 短文 教案 篇六

八年级上 22 短文两篇 教案

22 短文两篇   陋室铭 一、教学目标 （一）知识目标 1、了解常用实词、虚词的意义，能在教师的启发下辩解一词多义，初步理解词类活用，理解本课特殊句式。 2、了解托物言志的写作手法以及“铭”这种古代文体及其特点。 （二）能力目标 1、注意语言的音律节奏，体会作品的音乐美，反复朗读，直至能够背诵，努力做到以音传情，以词达意。 2、 培养学生阅读鉴赏文言文的能力。 （三）情感目标 1、以声入情，因词求义，以此来感受作品思想内容和韵味情调。 2、了解作者安贫乐道的生活情趣，洁身自好的节操。 二、重点.难点及其解决方法 1、重点：识记文言知识，了解古代文体，理解文意。让学生在反复阅读中结合注释理解文意，教师在学生思考的前提下适当启发。 2、难点：在当代社会背景下，通过品味富有韵律的语言理解作者高洁伟岸的思想情操和安平乐道的思想情趣。联系社会实际，重申社会价值观。 三、教学设想： 本文短小精练，字面意思易于理解，但涉及较多古代名词，如“白丁”、“案牍”等等，为现代生活不常用词，在讲解这一类词时，使当地介绍当时的文化背景，以便学生更好地理解文意。同时，文章表现出的思想观、价值观与当代社会的价值观存在差异，这是学生比较难理解的，因而再分析这个问题时，要运用事例，让学生通过事例，自己理解。 四、教具准备：课文录音带 五、课时安排：一课时 六、教学过程： （一）导入：刘禹锡的《陋室铭》如今早已成了家喻户晓的“名文”，但其实这篇名文却是被气出来的。据说当时刘禹锡被贬至安徽和州当刺史。和州知县见他被贬而来，便横加刁难。先是安排他住在城南门，面江而居。刘禹锡不但没有埋怨，反而还撰写了一幅对联贴于房门：面对大江观白帆，身在和州思争辩。这个举动可气坏了知县，于是他将刘禹锡的住所由城南调到城北，并把房屋从三间缩小到一间半。新宅临河，杨柳依依，刘禹锡触景生情，又写了一幅对联：杨柳青青江水边，人在历阳心在京。知县见他仍悠然自得，又把他的住房再度调到城中，而且只给他一间仅能容下一床一桌一椅的房子。半年时间，刘禹锡连搬三次家，住房一次比一次小，最后仅是斗室，想想这县官实在是欺人太甚，于是便愤然提笔写下了《陋室铭》。今天我们就一起来看一下这篇被气出来的铭文。 （二）、作者及文体介绍： 刘禹锡，字梦得，唐朝著名诗人和散文家。 铭，原来是刻在器物上用来警戒自己或称述功德的文字，后来成为一种文体。在这里是一种文体，本文“陋室铭”，意思是刻在鄙陋居室里的文章。  22 短文两篇 教案 TITLE=八年级上22 短文两篇 （三）听课文录音，落实文章字词（出示投影）  22 短文两篇 教案 TITLE=八年级上22 短文两篇  陋室 ( lòu ) 德馨 ( xīn ) ( tái ) 苔痕   鸿儒 ( hóng ) ( rú )( tāi )舌苔  22 短文两篇 教案 TITLE=八年级上22 短文两篇  22 短文两篇 教案 TITLE=八年级上22 短文两篇 调素琴 ( tiáo )案牍 ( dú )西蜀 ( shǔ )  调兵遣将 ( diào )  （四）齐读课文，请同学根据课后注释串讲文章大意，教师归纳文言知识。 1、虚词 有仙则名：连词，相当于“就”“便” 斯是陋室：代词，这 惟吾德馨：我 无丝竹之乱耳：助词，调节音节，无实际意义 可以调素琴：表示可以凭借 2、词类活用 山不在高，有仙则名：名词用作动词，闻名，著名 水不在深，有龙则灵：名词用作动词，显出灵异 无丝竹之乱耳：使动用法，使……受到扰乱 无案牍之劳形：使动用法，使……劳累 3、特殊句式： 何陋之有？宾语前置句 （五）、学生默读课文，分析文章内容。 思考1、你觉得文中哪一句话表现了文章主旨？作者写这一句话要突出什么？（“斯是陋室，惟吾德馨”作者写这句话意在表明只要屋主人道德高尚，就不会觉得屋子简陋，反而能以素雅的环境衬托出屋主人的高雅情趣。） 思考2、本文哪些语言是描写陋室环境的，从哪些方面表现陋室不陋的？（苔痕上阶绿……无案牍之劳形） （1）、环境清幽：苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青 （2）、交往高雅：谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁 （3）、行为脱俗：可以调素琴，阅金经，无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形 思考3、文章结尾处提到了“诸葛庐”、“子云亭”还引用了孔子的话是为了表明什么？（以古人自比，表明了作者以古代贤者为榜样的志向、操守和抱负。文章最后） 引用孔子的话照应了开头的“惟吾德馨”，说明了陋室为何不陋的观点。 （六）写作手法分析： 托物言志：（借助某种事物来抒发感情说明道理） 文章全文写的是作者的陋室，但是却是在通过对陋室的描写表现出作者的高尚道德和高雅生活情趣。 比兴手法：（触景生情，因事而兴） 文章本是写“陋室”，但却用“山不在高，有仙则灵。水不在深，有龙则灵”的诗句开头，触景生情，因事而兴，由山水说到陋室，自然而贴切。 修辞手法：文章运用了比喻、排比、反问等多种修辞手法，从不同角度表现出馨香的品德和高洁的志向。 七、拓展延伸 有学生学了刘禹锡的《陋室铭》后仿写了一篇《学生铭》，你觉得它反映的是何种学习态度？你对这样的学生是如何看待的？  分不在高，及格就行。  学不在深，作弊则灵。  斯是教室，唯我闲情。  小说传得快，杂志翻得勤。  琢磨打篮球，寻思游戏厅。  可以打瞌睡，观窗景。  无书声之乱耳，无复习之劳心。  自习说闲话，讲课听不进。  心里说，混张文凭。  学生交流谈看法。     看了刚才的.学生铭，了解了刘禹锡借陋室以言志，表达自己不贪恋富贵荣华，安贫乐道的生活态度，你能否借鉴他们的写法写一篇仿作？   要求  1、为自己要仿写的内容选定标题，如“电脑铭”，“考试铭”，“旅游铭”等等 2、仿写练笔的句式要基本相同，最好能大致押韵；  3、主题要明确，表达自己的思想感情。  八、板书设计 陋室铭 一、由山水引出陋室，凸显“惟吾德馨”（比兴手法）  22 短文两篇 教案 TITLE=八年级上22 短文两篇   22 短文两篇 教案 TITLE=八年级上22 短文两篇  22 短文两篇 教案 TITLE=八年级上22 短文两篇  二、描绘陋室         三、用陋室与古代名人居室相比，引圣人语录说明       爱莲说  教学目标  知识方面 1、了解“说”的特点；   2. 继续掌握文言词汇，背诵并默写全文；   3. 学习以莲喻人的写法。  情感态度方面： 从个人情趣、爱好和风格，展开想象，感悟做人的道理，学习莲   花 洁身自好的高贵品质。 能力方面：学习本文托物言志的写法。 重点目标：诵读全文，掌握重要实词。 难点目标：以花喻人的含义。  教学过程分为:诵读――悟读――拓展。 课时安排 一课时 教学过程  一、 导语设计  大自然为我们创设了一个美好的生活空间，它用用万紫千红的花来为我们渲染了一个清新的绿色世界。正因为有花，这个世界才变得更加丰富多彩。所以，人们都非常爱花，并写出了许多脍炙人口的诗句。可以说，描写花的诗句比比皆是。但是，有一位古人，他却百花不爱，偏偏对莲花情有独钟，并为它写下了一篇传世佳作。这就是我们今天要学习的《爱莲说》（板书课题：爱莲说）  二、 整体把握，感知语言  1. 教师范读，同时要求学生给生字注音，并标出难句。  2. 让学生自由朗读课文，初步理解课文大意。  3. 任抽两名学生朗读课文，其余学生注意纠正错误的字音、语气、语调、节奏等。  4. 全班齐读课文，并结合注解，疏通文意（字面意思）。  三、 品味语言，领悟语感  （一）1、作者如此爱莲，那么，莲花的可爱之处表现在哪里呢？  [明确] ①从生长环境方面，写出了莲“出淤泥而不染，濯清莲而不妖”的高洁、质朴；②从体态香气方面写出了莲“中通外直，不蔓不枝”的正直，“香远益清”的芳香；③从风度方面写出了莲“亭亭净植，可远观而不可亵玩焉”的清高。  2、作者如此深情地为莲花高唱赞歌，文章是不是仅仅写莲花呢？  [明确] 作者借莲花来写人。作者借莲花来写人，而又直接在文中点出来，那这种写法叫什么？（明确：托物喻人）教师要求学生用“‘────’一句比喻君子的───”句式具体说说借物喻人的用法。 参考： “出淤泥而不染”一句比喻君子在恶劣的环境中不为世俗所污； “濯清涟而不妖”一句比喻君子在优越的环境中不媚于世； “中通外直”一句比喻君子内心通达，行为正直； “不蔓不枝”一句比喻君子性格正直，纯正无邪； “香远益清”比喻君子美德布于四方，声名远扬； “亭亭净植”一句比喻君子卓然挺立，坚守节操； “可远观而不可亵玩”一句比喻君子端庄严肃，被人敬仰。  教师小结。  （二）说对比烘托手法。  1、 教师提示：文章的题目是“爱莲说”，作者以莲花为歌颂对象，却几次提到了菊花、牡丹，作者的用意是什么？  2、 学生读课文中有关菊花、牡丹的句子后说用意：①开头以陶渊明爱菊，世人爱牡丹 引出“予独爱莲”的主旨。②作者以菊的隐逸，牡丹的富贵衬托莲的高洁。③结尾由三种花写到三种人：爱菊者少，爱莲者更少，而爱牡丹者很多。以此感叹社会上真隐士少，有道德的人更少，而爱富贵的人很多。  3、 教师小结：文章通篇以菊花为旁衬，以牡丹为反衬，突出

7.八年级上数学教学教案 篇七

从意外到惊讶

回忆起2010年第一次参加作文大赛时的情形，杜渐如数家珍：“那时我刚升入淮安外国语学校，心中对这所名校充满了敬畏。自己在小学时虽然成绩不错，但淮外毕竟是名声在外的好学校，而且初中课程明显比小学时紧张了很多，第一个月我很不适应学校的教学节奏和生活节奏。就在那时候学校通知了作文大赛的事情，让我们报名参加预赛。我对自己的写作能力还是很有信心的，也希望通过参加这次比赛给自己的初中生活开个好头，让老师对我有个好印象。于是我从预赛开始，一路进入决赛，最后得知自己竟然获得了特等奖，要到南京来现场参加颁奖典礼，还有跟著名语文教师王栋生、著名作家叶兆言面对面交流的机会，我意外极了。因为那时候我毕竟刚刚升入初中，就是抱着锻炼学习的态度参加作文大赛的，完全没想到能获奖，还是全省仅有的十个特等奖之一。我想，这对我以后的发展都有很大的影响。我一下子就自信了起来，学习上也有了很大的起色。”说到这，杜渐吐了下小舌头，有点不好意思地说：“当我从南京领完奖回到学校，就看到学校在最显眼的地方拉起了大红的条幅，祝贺我获得了作文大赛的特等奖，我心里当时那个飘啊，那个得意啊，简直没法形容了。”

转眼到了2011年9月，杜渐已经顺利升入初二学习，新一届的作文大赛再次广发英雄帖，杜渐的选择是接受挑战。经过楚州区的预赛、复赛以及在南京的现场决赛，杜渐这次取得了比上次更骄人的成绩：特等奖第一名!

成绩出来后，《初中生世界》编辑部的老师第一时间通过电话向杜渐表示了祝贺，这时杜渐再也没有她的文章所表现出来的那种老练与成熟，而是惊呼：“真的吗?真的吗?真的没想到啊，太感谢了，太惊讶了!”

我的世界很精彩

写作对于杜渐来说，已深入她的灵魂，总能让她沉浸其中，难以自拔。前年秋天，杜渐回老家金湖玩。爷爷奶奶家后面有片小树林，一天傍晚当杜渐朝树林看去时，眼前的美景一下子让她有了灵感：“傍晚时分，落日的余晖斜斜地照在树林里，满地的落叶似乎都被打上了一层淡淡的金色，小树不高，也没有什么枝叶了，但也因此显得格外挺拔……”就这样，一篇美文一挥而就，杜渐爸爸告诉记者，当时杜渐冲着这篇作文傻乐了半天，笑眯眯地翻来覆去欣赏、陶醉，“不知道的人还以为她在看世界名著呢。”爸爸打趣道。

跟所有爱好写作的孩子一样，杜渐酷爱阅读，而且口味很杂。在参加作文大赛组委会安排的“先锋文化之旅”时，杜渐在先锋书店买了一本《圣经故事油画精选》，回去之后看得津津有味。才上初二的她，已经看完了《红楼梦》《巴黎圣母院》《简爱》《茶花女》等名著，杜渐说：“不喜欢看散文，觉得太软了，没劲，不能产生共鸣。而曹文轩的作品我就很喜欢看，觉得很清新也很真实，他的校园文学才是真正的校园文学，就像在说发生在我们身边的事一样。我觉得真实的才是最有生命力的。”

“其实我没有那么乖”

当杜渐俏生生地站在你面前时，你会想到灵动、乖巧、俊俏这些美好的词汇，但跟记者越聊越起劲的杜渐“自爆家丑”：“其实我没有你们想象的那么乖。”

杜渐所在学校的教学区是不准开展体育运动的。但是有一次杜渐在大课间活动时，颇有“大姐头”风范地指挥几个男同学把桌子拼到一起，打起了乒乓球，被时任淮安外国语学校副校长的傅俊老师逮了个正着，一通批是少不了的。杜渐委屈还没完全散去的时候，傅校长就被调到别的学校了。无巧不成书的是，2011年作文大赛楚州区复赛考点就被安排在傅校长新任职的学校。傅校长看到杜渐，很得意地对旁人说：“这是我以前教过的学生，上次作文大赛获得了特等奖，这次又来参赛了，怎么样，厉害吧?”让杜渐感动得不行，她明白了一个道理：老师总是把学生当作宝，批评是希望学生能更好地成长。道理虽然明白，可“该”违反纪律的时候杜渐还是“不含糊”。

“现在谁还没有睡觉?报床号。”“1”、“2”、“3”、“4”……“好，大家都没睡，我们现在来讨论下班里最帅的前五名男生和最可爱的前五名男生，星期一到班里宣布一下。”这是怎么回事?原来在舍长杜渐的带领下，宿舍卧谈会再次利用周五晚上老师管理不严的机会“隆重”召开了。

8.八年级上数学教学教案 篇八

A)根据句意及首字母提示,完成句子中的单词。

1. Susan thinks the beautiful c____ will help her forget all her problems.

2. Hector is p____ his vacation to Guangzhou this weekend.

3. Thousands of foreign t____ come to visit our city every year.

4. They’re r____ at home this weekend.

5. F____, they decide to ask the policeman for help.

B)从方框中选择适当的词填空(有一项多余)。

awayhikingsendbackalthoughEurope

6. We’re going to Harbin in January, ____ it is very cold there.

7. “Is Greece in ____?” “Yes, it is.”

8. Show me your photos of your vacation when you come ____ to school.

9. Please remember to ____ me a postcard if you go there.

10. If you don’t like to go ____ for too long, you can visit Hangzhou.

Ⅱ. 单项填空。(共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)

1. “____ are you staying there?” “Just for two days.”

A. How oftenB. When C. How long D. How many

2. I have ____ to tell you.

A. anything excitingB. exciting something

C. exciting anythingD. something exciting

3. “I’m going to Tibet next Monday.” “____.”

A. I know B. That sounds exciting

C. I’m sorry to hear thatD. Thank you

4. He doesn’t know anything about Greece, because he has ____ been there.

A. everB. alwaysC. neverD. often

5. “When are you going there?” “I am going there ____ August, the 12th.”

A. in B. onC. at D. for

6. My father is visiting my grandpa ____ week.

A. thatB. the C. nextD. last

7. Have they finished ____ on the problem?

A. workB. workedC. workingD. to work

8. “I’m going to Hawaii with my uncle this month.” “____.”

A. Have a good timeB. Please go

C. Let’s goD. Thanks for telling me

9. David often forgets ____ his English book.

A. to bringB. bringC. broughtD. brings

10. “Let’s go bike ____ this afternoon.” “Good idea.”

A. rideB. rides C. riding D. to ride

11. She often ____ after supper with her son.

A. takes walk B take walksC. takes walksD. take a walk

12. Tim ____ for America next week.

A. leaves B. is leaving C. to leave D. left

13. Show us your photos when you ____ school.

A. get off B. get onC. get back toD. get up

14. Where do you think ____ going for your vacation?

A. about B. forC. atD. in

15. Ben has decided to wait for Julia till she ____.

A. will comeB. come C. comes D. is going to come

Ⅲ. 完形填空。(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)

Almost everyone __1__ the meanings of Mr, Mrs and Miss. Mr is used before the family names of men. Mrs is for married(结婚的) women and Miss is for unmarried women. But __2__ is Ms?

Some businessmen(商人) in the United States __3__ Ms before a woman’s name when they do not know whether(是否) the woman is married. Today, however, many women like Ms better __4__ Mrs or Miss.

The word “__5__” does not tell us whether or not a man is married. Some women want to be equal to(和……平等) __6__ in this way. These women feel that it is not important for people to know whether they are married or not.

There are some problems with “Ms”, however. __7__ women like it. Some like the older ways of doing things. Some find __8__ difficult to read. Ms __9__[miz]. Young women like it better than older women do. It is difficult to know whether Ms will be used by more American women in the future. What do you think __10__ it?

1. A. knowsB. knowC. knew D. is knowing

2. A. how B. what C. who D. which

3. A. use to B. using C. uses D. use

4. A. to B. forC. thanD. as

5. A. MsB. Mrs C. Miss D. Mr

6. A. men B. girls C. ladies D. boys

7. A. None of B. Not all C. AllD. Neither of

8. A. this B. that C. themD. it

9. A. sounds like B. read like C. is sounded likeD. is sound like

10. A. at B. of C. on D. to

Ⅳ. 阅读理解。(共20小题,每小题2分,共40分)

(A)

Most people enjoy hiking. Hiking is not only healthy but also a relaxing activity. The reason why people go hiking is different from person to person. Here are some of the most popular reasons for people to hike.

First of all, hiking is very good exercise which will improve people’s body. It’s good exercise that doesn’t hurt(伤害) you.

Secondly, hiking is simple and cheap. All you need to do is to wear a pair of hiking boots and your smile to start.

Finally, hiking is the best way to get away from your everyday life. You could hike alone or go with your friends. After hiking, you will have a clear mind and then return to work with confidence(自信). So why not plan your hiking route(路线) right away?

The reasons why hiking is 1.____

(B)

This summer, Mary, Tom, Alan are going to have an ideal vacation. The followings are their plans for the coming vacation.

1. Who is going hiking this summer? ____.

A. MaryB. Tom C. Alan D. A and C

2. What isn’t Tom doing for vacation? ____.

A. Watching bull-fightB. Going shopping

C. Going fishingD. Going sightseeing

3. Who can visit the Palace Museum this vacation? ____.

A. Alan B. TomC. Mary D. Nobody

4. Whose vacation is the longest? ____.

A. Mary B. Tom C. Alan D. We don’t know

5. What’s the same transportation are they going to take? ____.

A. TrainB. BusC. BoatD. Plane

(C)

The Wilsons decided to go overseas for vacation. They had a family meeting to plan the vacation.

“First,” Mr Wilson said, “we should decide where we are going.”

“I don’t agree,” Mrs Wilson said, “I think we should decide when we are going first. We don’t want to go to places when they are cold.”

Mr Wilson agreed, so the family’s first decision was when to go on vacation. They decided to go in July.

“Now we can decide where to go,” said Mr Wilson.

“But, Dad,” Ben said, “don’t you think that where we go depends on how we go? If we plan to fly, we can go a long way. If we plan to drive, we can’t go far.”

Again, Mr Wilson agreed, and they discussed this. At last they agreed to travel by plane.

And so the planning meeting went on. The next day, one of Mr Wilson’s friends at work asked, “Where are you going for vacation?”

“Well,” Mr Wilson told him, “we are going in summer by plane, but I don’t know where we are going!”

根据短文内容回答下列问题。

1. Why did the Wilsons have a family meeting?

2. What did they decide first?

3. When did they decide to go?

4. How did the Wilsons decide to travel?

5. What they didn’t decide?

(D)

It’s a fine Sunday morning. Ann and her mother are in a big bus. There are many people in it. Some of them come from America, and some come from England and Canada. They are all their friends. They are going to the Great Wall.

There are two Chinese in the bus. One is a woman. She is driving the bus. The other is a young man. He speaks good English. He is now talking about the Great Wall. The other people are all listening to him. They like the Great Wall. They want to see it very much.

Ⅴ. 按括号中的要求完成下列句子,每空一词。(共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)

1. Hector plans to have the vacation at home. ( 改为否定句)

Hector ____ ____ to have the vacation at home.

2. Susan is staying in Beijing for two weeks. (对划线部分提问)

____ ____ is Susan staying in Beijing?

3. Don’t forget to take your CDs to school. (改为同义句)

____ ____ take your CDs to school.

4. Tony got back at seven o’clock yesterday evening. (对划线部分提问)

____ ____ Tony get back yesterday evening?

5. Molly is going to Australia for vacation. (对划线部分提问)

____ ____ Molly going to Australia?

Ⅵ. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子,每空一词。(共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)

1. 她不喜欢离开很长时间。

She doesn’t like going ____ ____ a long time.

2. 迈克迫不及待想去上海。

Mike ____ ____ to go to Shanghai.

3. 下周他们打算骑自行车观光旅行。

They are going ____ ____ and going sightseeing next week.

4. 这次玛丽想做一些不同的事。

This time Mary wants to do ____ ____.

5. 戴卫正在思考一道科学题。

Dave is ____ ____ a science problem.

Ⅶ. 根据对话内容,在空白处填入一个适当的句子。(共5空,每空2分,共10分)

A. How about you?

B. What are you doing for vacation, Molly?

C. How long are you staying?

D. What’s the weather like there?

E. Have a good time.

A: __1__

B: I’m going to Shanghai for about a month.

A: __2__

B: It’s neither too hot nor too cold.

A: That is great! What are you doing there?

B: I’m going to visit the Expo and doing some shopping. __3__

A: I’m visiting my pen pal in Guangdong.

B: __4__

A: Only for a week. I don’t like going away for a long time.

B: __5__ We can exchange our photos when we return to school.

A: Thank you. Relax yourself in Shanghai. Goodbye!

Ⅷ. 书面表达。(15分)

你的朋友 (Tony) 希望了解你将如何度过国庆节。为此,你(He Yu)把你的想法写成一封信寄给他。

提示:1.锻炼身体2.不忘复习功课3.帮助做家务

要求:除必写以上3项内容外,其它活动可适当发挥。不少于60词。