现代大学英语精读1课后答案

2024-10-28

现代大学英语精读1课后答案(精选4篇)

1.现代大学英语精读1课后答案 篇一

Lesson 1 Key to explanation 1.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2.If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself.Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was was to see how much money he had made(or how wealthy he was.)6.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.7.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.8.…when the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has is done away with.9.Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God.Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination.Key to Translation 1.一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。

2.为了挫败各种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态,黑人必须要直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。

3.黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神,大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。

4.必须懂得没有爱的权利是毫无节制,易被滥用的,而没有权利的爱则是多愁善感,脆弱无力的。

5.正是这种邪恶的权利和没有权势的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。

6.在本世纪之初,这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责,认为它对主动性和责任感起负面作用。

7.事实上,人们从事改善人类处境的工作,从事传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学财富以及升华思想的工作并不是为论文谋生。8.······它能够花费几十亿美元帮助上帝的孩子自立于这个世界。9.除非主张暴力的少数人得到大多数人的同情与支持,不和他们对抗,否则,暴力革命很少或者说几乎没有成功的。10.我们要懂得道义的苍穹长又长,但它终将落向正义。Lesson 2 Key to Explanation 1.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me the best.2.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.3.The girl was Shirley Temple-like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4.When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and so I felt scared.But at the same time I felt good, relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last.5.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self-control would collapse, and wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery and her dreams.Key to Translation A.Phrases 1.几乎不用首付现款 2.过高的希望和达不到的期盼 3.短路

4.我家起居室的唯一摆设 5.不自然的微笑 6.力气大得吓人 7.自行其是 B.Sentences 1.我的头发没有做出我要的大卷花,而是给我弄成一头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。

2.在她告诉我答案前,她对了对手中的杂志,看看赫尔辛基是否能这样发音。

3.她似乎被这音乐吸引住了,这钢琴曲不长,但有点狂乱,有着迷人的特点,乐曲一开始是快节奏的,接着是欢快跳动的节拍,然后又回到嬉戏的部分。

4.如果她的才气和她的脾气一样大,她早就出名了。

5.我最喜欢练习的部分是花哨的谢幕行礼动作:先出右脚,脚尖点在地毯的玫瑰图案上,身子侧摆,左腿弯曲,抬头,微笑。6.一股凉气从头顶开始,然后一点点传到全身,但我却不能停止演奏,双手好像着了魔似的。我不停地想,我的手指会调整好,就像火车会被扳到正确的轨道上。7.她的脸部失去了表情,嘴巴紧闭,双臂无力的垂下。她退出了房间,神色惊异,好像一小片枯黄的树叶被风吹走了,那样的单薄、脆弱、毫无生气。

8.我第一次,或好像感觉是第一次,注意到右边的乐曲,它的名称是“心满意足”。我也试着弹这首曲子。它的曲调比较轻松,但节奏同样流畅,不是很难。“祈求的孩子”较短、较慢,而“心满意足”更长、更快一些。在我弹了几遍之后,我意识到,原来这两个曲子是同一首歌的两个组成部分。Lesson 3 Key to explanation 1.Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.2.Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault”.3.…in China, the two trends of closed-door and open-door policies have long been struggling for dominance.4.The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.5.…westernization is a concept full of self-contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.6.In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you do not need to be fashionable yourself.All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant.7.He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet with people living in different time zones, thus their activities on the computer broke down time zone limits.8.The Gucci store did not expect that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai business could be so good.9.From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global cultures as globalization, to guide me through such a variety of cultural phenomena.10.The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but he strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.Key to Translation 1.我们今天正经历着一种世界范围文化剧变的阵痛,一种习俗与追求的结构性变化,用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化,就叫“全球化”。

2.不管他们的背景和纲领如何,这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响---往往等同于美国的影响---会把所有文化上的差异一一压平,就像一位观察家所说的,最终产生一个麦当劳世界,一个充斥美国货和体现美国价值观的世界。

3.不过我也发现文化就如同构成文化的民族一样,善于随机应变,富有弹性而且不可预测。

4.现今原创极为困难。因此,最容易的办法就是把现存的东西组合在一起,拿出一个新玩意儿来。

5.26万中国妇女每个月都在阅读《时尚》杂志,那些开领低胸的画页及其他内容。

6.灯光熄灭,有一阵子,黑暗中唯一的声音就是一部价格昂贵的照相机自动倒卷时发出得到声音。

7.他们从当地文化吸收了不少东西,但仍然保持了自己的本色。8.相互联系是人类自有的欲望,是其共同的命运。9.这种连接靠的是强有力的心灵的纽带。Lesson5 Key to explanation 1 I think follow the fads is the lack of rational performance.2 One afternoon I saw Petey lying on his bed with a derpressed look,so I draw a conclusion that he got appendicitis at once.3 My brain, which is as precise as an instrument, began to work out at high speed.4 She was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desire and passion of men, but I would not let feelings or emotions get the upper hand of reason or good sense.I wanted Polly entirely for a carefully thought out reason.She was not yet fully development like pin-up girl but I felt surer that ,given time, she would fill up and become just as glamorous.6 In fact, she went in the opposite direction.This is a sarcastic way of saying that she was rather stupid.7 If you stop dating with Polly, I will get the chance date with Polly.8 He turned around his head again and again.When he thought this problem time after time ,his eager of getting raccoon coat become stranger than before and his determination become weaker than before.9 To teach her to think appeared to be a rather big task and in the beginning I would like to return her to Petey.10 Human capacity is limited.Key to Translation 1 查尔斯 兰姆是一个你很久都不会遇到的开朗的有进取心的人。他通过其著名的〈古忠〉和〈梦中的孩子〉解放了随笔。阅读,然后接下来的文章会展示所谓的逻辑,这远远不只是干瘪的,迂腐的,而是有活力的有生机的,充满了美感,热情和创伤的事物。3我的大脑像发动机一样强大,像药剂师一样精确,像手术刀一样精锐。4

2.现代大学英语精读3课后翻译 篇二

P.16 4.Translation.1)She intends to apply for that academic position.2)He is so devoted to his research that the idea that he will soon have to retire never occurs to him.3)Many people have observed that, without effective checks, we have a tendency to abuse our power.4)Students must observe carefully how good writers use words.5)Some countries refuse to get involved in this dispute and they resent any foreign interference.6)How do you think we should handle the drug problem? 7)According to the agreement, all business policies should apply to everybody without any prejudice.8)The control of the sand storms will involve a tremendous amount of work and money.9)You have to take into consideration the local conditions when you apply these technologies.10)All applicants will have to fill out this form and mail in an application fee of 50 dollars.11)Based on his careful observation of children’s behavior he came to the conclusion that learning is a natural pleasure.12)In a country of many nationalities, ethnic harmony requires very careful handling.13)The government is determined to punish all the corrupt officials involved.14)Cheating at exams does not occur very often.But when it does, the school takes a very tough potion.Lesson Three

P.77 3.Translation.1)The mission was put off minutes before the rocket was launched.2)Scientists are trying to develop a more effective way of using solar energy.3)Sport is important because it concerns the health of the people of a nation, and not because it is a profitable business.4)The project was launched last year, and when it is completed we can bring the gas from the west to the east.5)The survival of a company depends on how fast it can develop new products to meet the needs of the market.6)He developed a theory that human progress has been largely due to cooperation rather than competition.7)For many people in China who used to worry every day where their next meal was to come from, today their biggest concern is being overweight.8)It is believed that they will launch an attack sooner or later.It is only a matter of 9)10)11)12)13)14)15)16)17)time.Ok, you make me an offer.How much would you pay? One lesson we have drawn from the 20th century is that human resources are more important than natural resources in the development of a nation.Many teachers are concerned about a lack of communal spirit among some young people.It was a very generous offer.He said that he would pay me $ 100, 000 a year as personnel manager.Today the corruption problem has become a matter of international concern.She suddenly walked out of the room without offering any explanation.These tough competitions can drive young people crazy.I’m sorry I can’t let you use my car now.I have to drive my wife to the airport.What he said the other day sounded very vague.I don’t really know what he was driving at.Lesson Seven

P.209 3.Translation.1)Our school sports meet is due to take place next Saturday.2)Due to the repeated floods and droughts, farming has been very unstable in this area.3)She suddenly realized that their rent was due the next day.4)They finally identified the object flying due north as a swan.5)Many people believe that in due course Chinese farmers will learn to compete successfully in international markets.6)With due respect, I don’t think we should adopt a wait-and-see policy.7)According to this agreement, the two countries should inform each other of their major military actions.8)He was criticized because he did not take immediate action when he was informed that the submarine had sunk.9)Although he had lived in this little hut all his life, Zhu Geliang was extremely well-informed.10)During the “Cultural Revolution”, people were not only encouraged but also forced to inform on each other.11)At that time scholars strongly advised us to preserve the city wall.But we were not far-sighted enough to adopt their proposal.12)To see how he loved his mother, you would never guess that he was adopted.13)This classical novel describes a group of people in the Song dynasty, who, like Robin Hood, robbed the rich to help the poor.14)They robbed her of everything she had and threw her out of the car.15)Don’t ever reach out for things that do not belong to you, because sooner or later you will be caught.16)Our goal is to build a society that is rich, free and just.But we can’t reach that destination without pain and suffering.17)I had a terrible dream.I dreamed that I was running after something I wanted.But it was always beyond my reach.18)At that time, Cao Cao believed that final victory was within his easy reach.He didn’t know that a terrible defeat was waiting for him.Lesson Ten

P.301 3.Translation.1)How do you account for his strange behavior? 2)Let’s form a circle so that we can see each other when we talk.3)He appointed five people to handle the case.4)She claims to possess an unusual ability — the ability to cure disease simply by her magic hand.5)In the story, this evil spirit often appeared in the form of a pretty lady.6)Where can I get a roll of film?

3.现代大学英语精读1课后答案 篇三

Aims:

1.Get the students to read and understand the text and help them master the structures of the patterns;2.Get the students to master the words and the prefixes and suffixes presented;3.Help them master the grammatical rules presented;4.Help them finish off all the exercises both in vocabulary and in grammar.Main Points: Understanding the text and learning the words and grammar.Difficult Points: The structures of difficult sentences.Teaching Methods: Discussion, interpretation and explanation.Teaching Course: I.Pre-class Task: To read and get familiar with the new words in the lesson.Previewing the text.Every student should go over the whole text so that they can get the main idea and write the gist.II.Detailed study of the text.1.to be fresh out of: be having recently finished 2.body: a group of people who work together 3.to reach for: try to obtain

To read: to have … written on it 4.Question: What’s the difference between training and education? 5.… be around long enough for it to matter.Paraphrase: stay at college very long to understand my words, so it would not be important whether or not I told him all this.6.to average out to/at…:(informal)to result in an average amount 7.to hold: to remain the same 8.to see to it that: to make sure that 9.… doesn’t go to the electric chair…

Paraphrase: is sentenced to death not because you are not a competent lawyer.To go to the electric chair: to be punished or killed on the electric chair.10.along with: in addition to;as well as

Sentence meaning: In addition to all other things the professional skills offer.11.… may it always suffice.I hope your income will always be enough.12.reasonably: to a degree that is fairly good 还好的,尚可的 13.to maintain some contact with…: to keep in touch with…

14.Will there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shuddering?

Paraphrase: Will you have a painting in your house that shows your taste? 15.to be out to do/be out for… : be trying to do 16.to be stuck for sth.: not knowing what to do 17.signing checks: paying for what you’ve bought by signing checks.18.the best human minds: the best philosophers, scientists and writer.19.If you have no time for…have no business in college.Paraphrase: If you don’t want to study a little literature, philosophy and the fine arts and history, you shouldn’t be here at college.20.You are on your way … button Neanderthal.You’ll soon become a new type of humans who are uneducated and can only operate machines by pushing the buttons.21.…rather the college went through them—without making contact.Paraphrase: It’s more accurate to say that they pass through the college without learning anything.22.…being unaided: without the help of others 23.There is not time enough … in order to be a civilized human.Paraphrase: One lifetime is too short to create an environment for a person to become civilized.24.…there cut into the stones are the names of the scientists.Paraphrase: The names of the scientists are carved into the stone there as memorials.25.the chances are: it is likely III.Assignment: Exercises after the text.IV.Checking the exercises.V.Dictation of the new words in the lesson.Lesson 2 Maheegun My Brother Aims:

1.Get the students to read and understand the text and help them master the structures of the patterns;2.Get the students to master the words and the prefixes and suffixes presented;3.Help them master the grammatical rules presented;4.Help them finish off all the exercises both in vocabulary and in grammar.Main Points: Understanding the text and learning the words and grammar.Difficult Points: The structures of difficult sentences.Teaching Methods: Discussion, interpretation and explanation.Teaching Course: I.Pre-class Task: To read and get familiar with the new words in the lesson.Previewing the text.Every student should go over the whole text so that they can get the main idea and write the gist.II.Detailed study of the text.1.… spring was late in coming.Paraphrase: it was so cold that it seemed that it were the weather of winter.In fact, it was spring.2.to get: to put … into a place or state 3.not that: although it is not true that

4.ever: that I had ever known of.5.upset:(v.)knock over, knock down 6.…waiting for things to quiet down.Paraphrase: waiting until my grandma wasn’t angry 7.half grown: on the way of becoming an adult wolf.8.Gone was the puppy-wool… black mantle.Paraphrase: His fur changed from the puppy-wool to beautiful and black hair.(Here the author uses metaphor.He compares the wolf’s skin to a coat and mantle.)9.after:(adv.)later

10.It all served to fog my mind with pleasure … one night Maheegun unchained.Paraphrase: I was so happy with Maheegun that my alertness slacked and forgot to chain him one night.11.The following morning in sailed Mrs.Yesno, wild with anger Wild with anger: very angry 12.start:(n.)a sudden uncontrolled movement 13.wild cry: natural and strong cry 14.for life: all one’s life 15.(all)for the best: best for the long run 16.I was as busy as … for the winter.Paraphrase: I was busy with preparing myself for a future career.(The author uses simile here.)17.It was not long after that I found the answer.Paraphrase: Soon I found Maheegun still remembered me.18.to slip into: to put on 19.I circled to my right … creek bed.Paraphrase: I move around to the right and fell into a creek bed that was filled with snow.20.… the snow had made a blank … have been no creek there.Paraphrase: it was snowing heavily, and the air was so thick with big snow flakes that I couldn’t see through them.But I realized that I had taken the wrong direction, because there was no creek where I should have moved to.21.to blow itself out: to lose force and stop entirely 22.A great white stillness had taken over and with it, biting cold.Paraphrase: The storm had stopped.The white world was quiet and very cold.23.… freeze the world with fear.Paraphrase: seemed to terrify all the living creatures and make them become still.24.Suddenly the world exploded in snarls.Paraphrase: Suddenly with terrible snarls, the wolves began to attack.25.to work one’s way: to move difficultly and gradually 26.… reached out: stretch out his tongue.27.Maybe it was relief or weakness or both.Paraphrase: Maybe I cried because I was now out of danger, or maybe because I was weak, or because of both of the two reasons.28.… fanned it into life.Paraphrase: caused it to burn by blowing the fire.29.… my eyes came … by my bed.Paraphrase: my eyes adjusted themselves to be able to see clearly my grandfather sitting by my bed.30.He is with his own kind.Paraphrase: He is living among his fellow wolves.III.Assignment: Exercises after the text.IV.Checking the exercises.V.Dictation of the new words in the lesson.Lesson 3 More Crime and Less Punishment Aims:

1.Get the students to read and understand the text and help them master the structures of the patterns;2.Get the students to master the words and the prefixes and suffixes presented;3.Help them master the grammatical rules presented;4.Help them finish off all the exercises both in vocabulary and in grammar.Main Points: Understanding the text and learning the words and grammar.Difficult Points: The structures of difficult sentences.Teaching Methods: Discussion, interpretation and explanation.Teaching Course: I.Pre-class Task: To read and get familiar with the new words in the lesson.Previewing the text.Every student should go over the whole text so that they can get the main idea and write the gist.II.Detailed study of the text.1.households: people living together 2.to amount to: to add up to;to be equal to 3.… have arrest records for nontraffic offence.Paraphrase: have been arrested because of illegal actions which don’t include breaking traffic rules.4.correctional supervision:(a euphemism)a kind of punishment, such as reform school

5.to lock sb.away: to put sb.in prison 6.This is why the certainty and … the crime rate goes up.Paraphrase: This is why not all crimes are punished and the punishment is less severe although the crime rate increases.7.to give out: to announce, to enforce

8.property crimes: crimes of stealing, mugging(打劫)or robbery 9.… but it just might be the other way around.the other way around/round: the opposite situation

Paraphrase: but the opposite might be true: crime prevents punishment.10.Our current crop … who were once imprisoned in Alcatraz.Paraphrase: The present prisoners are much more serious law-breakers than the prisoners of the country in the years between 1930s and 1960s.11.… it makes little/no sense… : it is not sensible or reasonable.12.… answer the TV message: It’s 10 o’clock!Do you know where your children are?”

Paraphrase: make sure they are all home at 10 o’clock in the evening.13.The other are rejected or dismissed … instead of punishment.Paraphrase: The other three arrested criminals’ cases are refused or stopped because there isn’t sufficient evidence or no witness can be found.Or instead of being put into prison, these criminals are sent elsewhere for medical treatment(when they can produce proof for illness of some kind.)14.the select few: the few criminals who are carefully chosen 15.to be easy on: to treat … in a gentle way and not too severe 16.Yet when measured against the lower crime rates …

To measure sth./sb.against sth./sb.: to judge sb./sth.by comparing them with another person or thing

Paraphrase: But when longer prison sentences are compared with the lower crime rates.17.… are not worth the cost to state and local governments.Paraphrase: are not worthwhile because state and local governments have to pay much money for this.18.given: specific 19.… we do know the extent … major crime convictions.Paraphrase: We do know how many of those people under parole are convicted and put into jail again for serious crime.20.… only 15000 crimes prevented.Paraphrase: If those prisoners were kept in prison for another year, only 15000 crimes would be prevented.21.a drop in the bucket: an amount of sth.that is too small to be important.22.This works out to more than $100, 000 per crime prevented.Paraphrase: This means that it costs more than $100, 000 to prevent one crime.III.Assignment: Exercises after the text.IV.Checking the exercises.V.Dictation of the new words in the lesson.Lesson 4 The Nightingale and the Rose Aims:

1.Get the students to read and understand the text and help them master the structures of the patterns;2.Get the students to master the words and the prefixes and suffixes presented;3.Help them master the grammatical rules presented;4.Help them finish off all the exercises both in vocabulary and in grammar.Main Points: Understanding the text and learning the words and grammar.Difficult Points: The structures of difficult sentences.Teaching Methods: Discussion, interpretation and explanation.Teaching Course: I.Pre-class Task: To read and get familiar with the new words in the lesson.Previewing the text.Every student should go over the whole text so that they can get the main idea and write the gist.II.Detailed study of the text.1.for want of: because of a lack of 2.lover: a person who loves 3.ball: a large party with dancing 4.to: according to;while sth.else is happening 伴随着 5.something of: to some degree 6.plot: a small piece of land used for a special purpose 7.… nipped my buds.Paraphrase: stopped the growth of the buds 8.… and what is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man?

Paraphrase: The heart of a bird is nothing compared to the heart of a man.(The sentence is a rhetorical question.)9.to ask … of sb.: to ask sb.for …

10.… he could not understand what the Nightingale was saying to him.Question: Why couldn’t he understand? 11.to sing of:(formal)to mention sth in a song or a poem, especially to praise it 12.spray:(n.)a small branch having buds or flowers

13.girdle: a band of red color round the middle of the petals 14.… a film came over her eyes.Film: a thin layer or covering of sth.15.to choke: to make sb.unable to breathe 16.all over: all parts of one’s body III.Assignment: Exercises after the text.IV.Checking the exercises.V.Dictation of the new words in the lesson.Lesson 5 Say Yes Aims:

1.Get the students to read and understand the text and help them master the structures of the patterns;2.Get the students to master the words and the prefixes and suffixes presented;3.Help them master the grammatical rules presented;4.Help them finish off all the exercises both in vocabulary and in grammar.Main Points: Understanding the text and learning the words and grammar.Difficult Points: The structures of difficult sentences.Teaching Methods: Discussion, interpretation and explanation.Teaching Course: I.Pre-class Task: To read and get familiar with the new words in the lesson.Previewing the text.Every student should go over the whole text so that they can get the main idea and write the gist.II.Detailed study of the text.1.to pitch in:(Here in is an adverb.)to start to work eagerly 2.somehow:(adv.)in some way not yet know 3.to get onto: begin to talk about 4.“Oh boy” is used to show annoyance 5.to take my word for it: to believe what I say 6.She was piling dishes on the draining-board at a terrific rate.Question: Why at a great speed? 7.“Not the same, like us.”

Paraphrase: They don’t have the same background, and they are not like us.8.to resort to : to adopt, use

Trick: method 9.He’d acted out of concern for her,Paraphrase: He had done so because of concern for her.10.… he thought that it would be a nice gesture on her part not to start up that conversation again, Paraphrase: he hoped his wife would show her concern in return by not continuing the unpleasant conversation.11.For Christ’s sake: The expression is often used to show annoyance, like “Oh boy”.12.Let’s say: Let’s suppose 13.cornered: forced into a difficult position 14.Let’s not move too fast on this.Paraphrase: Let’s not rush to a decision.15.“Thank you.”

Question: Thank you for what? 16.snap through the pages: turn the pages suddenly and quickly 17.While he was at it, Paraphrase: While he was cleaning dishes.18.In another thirty years…

Question: What does the word “another” suggest? 19.What would all that stuff matter then?

Paraphrase: What is the sense of arguing about these problems? 20.I’ll make it up to you.Paraphrase: I’ll do something good for you.21.“We’ll see” is used when you don’t want to make a decision right now.22.His heart pounded the way… the house, a stranger.Question: What does the sentence show? III.Assignment: Exercises after the text.III.Checking the exercises.IV.Dictation of the new words in the lesson.Lesson 6 The Man in the Water Aims:

1.Get the students to read and understand the text and help them master the structures of the patterns;2.Get the students to master the words and the prefixes and suffixes presented;3.Help them master the grammatical rules presented;4.Help them finish off all the exercises both in vocabulary and in grammar.Main Points: Understanding the text and learning the words and grammar.Difficult Points: The structures of difficult sentences.Teaching Methods: Discussion, interpretation and explanation.Teaching Course: I.Pre-class Task: To read and get familiar with the new words in the lesson.Previewing the text.Every student should go over the whole text so that they can get the main idea and write the gist.II.Detailed study of the text.1.as persons/things go: compared with the average persons/things

As businessmen go, he is considered pretty honest.2.There was the unusual element of … high traffic.Paraphrase: One thing that was unusual about this disaster was that the plane hit the bridge when the traffic was heavy.3.Then, too, there was the location of the event.Paraphrase: Besides, the location of the event was also unusual.4.… a blast of real winter…: a sudden strong and really cold winter 5.… a single slap of metal on metal: the plane’s colliding/collision on the bridge, both of which was made of metal 6.And there was the aesthetic clash as well—blue-and-green Air Florida, Paraphrase: When the air crash occurred, it was not just a clash of metal against the bridge, but also a clash between colors: the blue-green color of the plane and the gray and black color of the ice and river.7.… while always special…

Paraphrase: although it is always special 8.… bring millions to tears or to attention.Paraphrase: make millions of people cry or attract their attention 9.Why, then, the shock here?

Paraphrase: Why was there such a shock, then? 10.the elements: the bad weather 11.indifferent as ever: unconcerned about the consequences as always 12.to rise to the occasion: to deal successfully with a difficult situation 13.a park police: police whose job is to look after a park 14.in the line of duty: part of one’s duty

15.… lines that is no less admirable for being repeated.Paraphrase: words that have been said before by many heroes, but the words are still admirable.16.to stick in the mind: to be remembered 17.But the person most responsible for … “the man in the water”.Be responsible for: be the cause for 18.lifeline: a rope used to save people at sea

19.mass casualty: large numbers of people hurt or killed 20.commitment: a strong sense of responsibility 21.his anonymity another.Paraphrase: The fact that he did not leave his name was another reason why the story held national attention.22.… gave him a universal character.Paraphrase: make him have a universal quality and make people feel that it could have been anyone.III.Assignment: Exercises after the text.IV.Checking the exercises.V.Dictation of the new words in the lesson.Lesson 7 The Greatest Invention Aims:

1.Get the students to read and understand the text and help them master the structures of the patterns;2.Get the students to master the words and the prefixes and suffixes presented;3.Help them master the grammatical rules presented;4.Help them finish off all the exercises both in vocabulary and in grammar.Main Points: Understanding the text and learning the words and grammar.Difficult Points: The structures of difficult sentences.Teaching Methods: Discussion, interpretation and explanation.Teaching Course: I.Pre-class Task: To read and get familiar with the new words in the lesson.Previewing the text.Every student should go over the whole text so that they can get the main idea and write the gist.II.Detailed study of the text.1.rough: not exact

2.to turn out: to happen to be in the end 3.… Like liquid tropical sunlight,Question: What does the sentence show? 4.to aim at: to direct one’s efforts towards 5.War is no longer a matter of armies;

Paraphrase: War doesn’t depend on how many armies you have.6.…west of the Atlantic: Latin American countries.7.… he was not at all what one would regard as the figure of a soldier.Paraphrase: He was not at all the kind of person one would regard as a soldier, because he was not tall and strong.8.charge: a rushing forceful attack

9.get rid of him: remove him from office 10.to let loose: to free 11.to have sth.within one’s grasp: to be able to achieve or attain sth.12.to keep sb.at sth.: to force sb.to continue to do 13.… for I thought it very likely in a hot country like that.Paraphrase: Because people usually think hot weather can make one become listless(无精打采的)and lazy.14.to drive: to force sb.to work hard 15.… he was more than content: he was very content;he was very satisfied 16.… drove him away: made him work on another thing or sth.else.17.drugged: addicted to drugs 18.And the splendor of our position faded like dreams.Paraphrase: The glory of our country disappeared like dreams.19.fancy: a new idea 20.… he gave me every facility, showing me the entire process…

Paraphrase: He used every facility to show me the whole process.III.Assignment: Exercises after the text.IV.Checking the exercises.V.Dictation of the new words in the lesson.Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking

Aims:

1.Get the students to read and understand the text and help them master the structures of the patterns;2.Get the students to master the words and the prefixes and suffixes presented;3.Help them master the grammatical rules presented;4.Help them finish off all the exercises both in vocabulary and in grammar.Main Points: Understanding the text and learning the words and grammar.Difficult Points: The structures of difficult sentences.Teaching Methods: Discussion, interpretation and explanation.Teaching Course: I.Pre-class Task: To read and get familiar with the new words in the lesson.Previewing the text.Every student should go over the whole text so that they can get the main idea and write the gist.II.Detailed study of the text.1.What is it?

Paraphrase: What is it on your mind? What are you thinking of?

2.to fool around/about: to waste time 闲逛 3.Out with it.Paraphrase: Tell me about it.4.up:(adv.)to the place in the north.5.garage: a place where motor vehicles are repaired 6.delicate: very sensitive to what is proper

7.… unless he was.Paraphrase: unless he was respectable.8.… not when I’m working for you.Paraphrase: I won’t go out with him when I’m working for you.9.to behave yourself: to do things in a way that people think is correct or polite 10.impulsively: suddenly without thinking of the consequences 11.If it works out.Paraphrase: If it succeeds.12.under cover: pretending to be sb.else in order to do sth.secretly 13.be on your honor: be trusted to do sth.14.We’re putting you and Dad on your honor.Paraphrase: We respect you and believe in you.15.… Bessie Waring once.Explain: In some western countries, when a woman gets married, she will use her husband’s family name as her family name.16....it was a fool’s paradise!

Paraphrase: It was an imaginary and unreal beautiful world.17.to open one’s eyes to: to make sb.realize 18.to claim: ask for or demand because you think it is your right to have it 19.for all you know: you really don’t know III.Assignment: Exercises after the text.IV.Checking the exercises.V.Dictation of the new words in the lesson.Lesson 9 Quick Fix Society Aims:

1.Get the students to read and understand the text and help them master the structures of the patterns;2.Get the students to master the words and the prefixes and suffixes presented;3.Help them master the grammatical rules presented;4.Help them finish off all the exercises both in vocabulary and in grammar.Main Points: Understanding the text and learning the words and grammar.Difficult Points: The structures of difficult sentences.Teaching Methods: Discussion, interpretation and explanation.Teaching Course:

I.Pre-class Task: To read and get familiar with the new words in the lesson.Previewing the text.Every student should go over the whole text so that they can get the main idea and write the gist.II.Detailed study of the text.1.fix:(n.)solution to a problem, especially an easy and temporary one 2.consist of: be formed from 3.half the fun: the largest part of fun(of our trip to West Virginia)4.… had tried to take on another hot July afternoon.Question: What does “another” suggest? 5.to crowd: to make … move close together 6.… no little dots this time.Paraphrase: This time they didn’t seem like little dots.7.… refreshed, revitalized, and reeducated.Paraphrase: We felt energetic and fresh, and had experienced a new way of life.8.… not just to get from Point A to Point B.Paraphrase: not just to travel from place to place, but also in many other aspects of life.9.Americans understood the principle of deferred gratification.Paraphrase: Americans knew it took time for their desires to be satisfied.10.We put a little of each paycheck away “for a rainy day”.Paraphrase: We save a little money from our income in case we might need it in the future.11.to save(up)for: to save money because of 12.to help sb.out: to help sb.in a difficult situation 13.relax now: buy what we want now 14.ready-made: able to be used at once 15.off the rack: ready-made 16.to warp up: to complete or finish 17.… doesn’t agree with us.Paraphrase: make us feel sick.18.… you guessed it.Explain: This sentence shows that the readers know what the writer would say next.19.minutes: a summary of a formal meeting 20.Cliff’s Notes: a series of reference books which contains the summary and comment of the work

21.… especially if we are students.Question: Why? III.Assignment: Exercises after the text.IV.Checking the exercises.V.Dictation of the new words in the lesson.Lesson 10 The Richer, the Poorer Aims:

1.Get the students to read and understand the text and help them master the structures of the patterns;2.Get the students to master the words and the prefixes and suffixes presented;3.Help them master the grammatical rules presented;4.Help them finish off all the exercises both in vocabulary and in grammar.Main Points: Understanding the text and learning the words and grammar.Difficult Points: The structures of difficult sentences.Teaching Methods: Discussion, interpretation and explanation.Teaching Course: I.Pre-class Task: To read and get familiar with the new words in the lesson.Previewing the text.Every student should go over the whole text so that they can get the main idea and write the gist.II.Detailed study of the text.1.Bess had lived each day as if there were no other.Paraphrase: Bess seized every minute to enjoy herself as if she would die next day.2.lean:(adj.)small in amount 3.Bess had the clothes on her back.Paraphrase: All of Bess’s clothes was what she was wearing.4.wordly:(adj.)of the material world

5.… her child’s mouth watered for ice cream and candy.Paraphrase: As a child, she wanted ice cream and candy very much.6.to clerk:(v.)to keep records or accounts

7.But her freshman year found her unable to indulge this fantasy.Paraphrase: But in her first year at high school, she found that she couldn’t allow herself to spend her money on clothes.8.to put one’s mind to sth.: to concentrate on;to set one’s mind on sth.集中精力做 9.Lottie expected to be settled with a home and family.Settled:(adj.)comfortable and happy

Paraphrase: Lottie wanted to get married and lead a comfortable life.10.… a homemaking job: being a housewife 11.in rags: wearing old torn clothes 12.to go to ruin: to become damaged 变破旧 13.… trapped by the blood tie.Paraphrase: closely related to Bess.14.be through with sth.: finish 15.to go about doing: to begin working at 开始着手做 16.She worked her way from kitchen to parlor.Paraphrase: She worked hard to improve one room after another.17.At night she slept like a child after a long and happy day of playing house.Playing house: a children’s game in which children pretend to be mom and dad and to be housekeeping 18.She was living each hour for itself.Paraphrase: she was doing something just to pass the time, not to prepare for old age.19.She went on a spending spree from the specially shops to beauty salon.Paraphrase: She began to spend money wildly and wastefully in specialty shops and beauty salons.20.At the lavish table, top-heavy with turkey.Paraphrase: There was a lot of food on the table and the main dish was a turkey which was too big and lavish for two old ladies.III.Assignment: Exercises after the text.IV.Checking the exercises.V.Dictation of the new words in the lesson.Lesson 11You Have to Get Me Out of Here Aims:

1.Get the students to read and understand the text and help them master the structures of the patterns;2.Get the students to master the words and the prefixes and suffixes presented;3.Help them master the grammatical rules presented;4.Help them finish off all the exercises both in vocabulary and in grammar.Main Points: Understanding the text and learning the words and grammar.Difficult Points: The structures of difficult sentences.Teaching Methods: Discussion, interpretation and explanation.Teaching Course: I.Pre-class Task: To read and get familiar with the new words in the lesson.Previewing the text.Every student should go over the whole text so that they can get the main idea and write the gist.II.Detailed study of the text.1.… Rocky Mountain blue.Paraphrase: the kind of blue that you can find above the Rocky Mountain 2.soft-spoken: having a gentle and quite voice 低声和气的 3.Its sheer granite face juts up hundreds of feet.Paraphrase: The cliff is several hundred feet high.Its surface is all hard rock.4.to pair sb.with sb.: to put sb.into the group of two people 5.Katie allowed the peace of the gorgeous spring day to embrace her.Paraphrase: Katie enjoyed the peace of the wonderful spring day.6.… crashing: moving and causing noise 移动,发出巨响 7.… threw her five-feet into the air.Paraphrase: sent her flying into the air, five feet high above the ground 8.… a matter of minutes: only a few minutes

A matter of something: a situation that involves something or depends on something 9.Forcing pain off from her mind.Paraphrase: Making great effort to forget about the pain.10.to straighten sth.out: to deal with sth.清理

4.现代大学英语精读1课后答案 篇四

Unit 1 Growing Up Part II Language Focus Vocabulary Ⅰ1)、1.respectable 2.agony 3.put…down 4.sequence 5.hold back 6.distribute 7.off and on 8.vivid 9.associate 10.finally 11.turn in 12.tackle 2)、1.has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office.2.was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.3.a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time.4.gave the command the soldiers opened fire.5.buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out.3)、1.reputation, rigid, to inspire 2.and tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas 3.compose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold back Ⅱ.1.composed 2.severe 3.agony 4.extraordinary 5.recall 6.command 7.was violating 8.anticipate Ⅲ.1.at 2.for 3.of 4.with 5.as 6.about 7.to 8.in, in 9.from 10.on/upon Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ.Cloze 1.1.hold back 2.tedious 3.scanned 4.recall 5.vivid 6.off and on 7.turn out/in 8.career 2.1.last 2.surprise 3.pulled 4.blowing 5.dressed 6.scene 7.extraordinary 8.image 9.turn 10.excitement Ⅱ.Translation 1.1.As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2.His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.3.Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4.It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules./Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5.It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage./The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.2.Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident.For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never(be able to)walk again.One day, while scanning(through)some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story.It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer.Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life.Unit2 I.Vocabulary 1..1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/ urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead

2.Rewriting 1)It seemed that his failure in the examination was still on his mind.2)He was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game.3)She was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner.4)Something has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time.5)The cost of equipping the new hospital was estimated at $2 million.3.Complete the sentences.1)were postponed the awful is estimated 2)reference not available an kind of 3)not much of a teacher skips go ahead

II.Collocation 1.to 2.for 3.at 4.from 5.in 6.to on 7.on 8.with

III.Usage 1.more or less 2.kind of/ sort of 3.something 4.kind of/ sort of 5.more or less 6.or something

Comprehensive exercises I.Cloze 1.text-related

1)choked up 2)awful 3)practically 4)neighborhood 5)correspondence 6)available 7 destination 8)reunion 9)Mostly 10)postponing 11)absolutely

2.Theme-related 1)how 2)savings 3)embarrassment 4)phone5)interrupted 6)touch 7)envelop 8)signed 9)message 10)needed

II.Translation 1.Translate the sentences.1)Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet.We had to walk home.2)Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.3)Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.4)He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through WWⅡ.5)Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.2.Translate the passage.It is not easy to keep in touch with friends far away.This is true in my case.It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends there.I have been meaning to write to them but things come up and I just don’t seem to find the time.They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an effort to keep up correspondence with them in the future.Unit 3 I Vocabulary 1

1)brief 2)in terms of 3)cut off 4)tend

5)anyway 6)precise 7)in the form of 8)initiative 9)convey 10)in two minds 11)concept 12)grasp 2 1)has ensured their team a place in the Cup final.2)medical workers’ responsibility to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.3)entertain as well as educate the learner.4)can do without air and water.5)is likely to be held in June.3 1)lies in contact between

2)basis of is likely sufficient at the moment 3)the steady will be highly II Word Formation 1 regained 2 undecided 3 undersupplied 4 disabled 5 precondition 6 foresight 7 mispronounced 8 enrich IIIAntonyms

1)majority 2)accepted 3)increased 4)weaknesses 5)local 6)late 7)wrong 8)false Comprehensive exercises I Close 1.Text-related

1)highly 2)bring about 3)evident 4)rate 5)sufficient 6)put across 7)proportion 8)Hence 9)ensure 2.Theme-related

1)understand 2)travel 3)practical 4)use 5)Another 6)likely 7)affect 8)developments 9)supply 10)Someday II Translation 1)As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2)Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3)As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.4)The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5)To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.2 It is hard to imagine how our forefathers could do without so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about.Back then only a small proportion of the population enjoyed the comforts of life.The majority didn’t even have sufficient food, not to speak of/ let alone the privilege of being educated.However, many people blame modern technology for creating so many problems.They want to slow down the rate of progress.But no one can put the clock back.Unit 4 Vocabulary 1)wreck 2)balance 3)approaching 4)handle 5)discard 6)Above all 7)diet 8)do with

9)checked on 10)cleaned up 11)weekly 12)principles 2.1)to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/was determined that all the people in the sunken ship had died.2)was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job travel around the world.3)for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her business is small and she could provide no guarantee.4)express her thoughts with precision, so people often misunderstand her.5)will weaken our determination to modernize our country in the shortest possible time.3.1)for sale hunting for be amazed by 2)become skilled handle their loans 3)character by calling on he passed away II Confusable words 1.1)personal 2)personnel

2.1)sometime 2)Sometimes 3)some time 4)sometime III Euphemism de hcgabf

Comprehensive Exercises I Close 1.Text-related

1)sponsored 2)determination 3)turned away 4)assumed 5)capacity 6)skilled 7)loan 8)character 9)hunting 10)for sale 11)send for 2.Theme-related

1)save 2)recent 3)modest 4)grow 5)dream

6)immigrants 7)business 8)engineering 9)invest 10)rich III Translation 1)It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.2)Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3)Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4)I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.5)Helen lacks confidence.I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.2.After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business.At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan.But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help.Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan him the money.Now he has become a wealthy businessman.Talking about his amazing achievement, Tony says that it is important to create rather than wait for opportunities.Unit 5 Vocabulary I.1

1)monthly 2)acquaintances 3)classic 4)look;in the eye 5)manufactured 6)options 7)finance 8)replacement 9)survived 10)pick out 11)married 12)grabbed at 2.1)survived a car crash that killed both her parents.2)almost embarrassed to death when Sarah read my poem out to the whole class.3)of the Children’s Hospital will care for the seriously injured pupils.4)several phone calls making inquiries about the position of the Chief Financial Officer.5)straighten out all your financial problems if you join our club.3.1)inquiry;died of hunger;people survied 2)Instantly;give up his;retire;replace him;executive 3)his beloved;odd jobs;and all that II Word Formation 1.embarrassment 2.survivors 3.newly 4.marketable 5.monthly 6.competition 7.conceivable 8.respectable III.Usage 1.the poor 2.The deceased/The dead 3.the disabled 4.the French 5.The accused 6.the young 7.the unemployed 8.the latter…the former… Comprehensive Exercises I.Cloze 1.Text-related 1)died of 2)instantly 3)classic 4)ask around 5)surviving 6)retire 7)executive 8)replacement 9)stock 10)look…in the eye 2.Theme-related 1)impressed 2)diligence 3)Instead 4)Contrary 5)professionally 6)perform 7)personal 8)balance 9)commitment 10)revealed II.Translation 1.1)I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you’d better ask around.2)Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3)Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4)As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.5)We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.2.My dad is a hard-working executive of a manufacturing firm.He works six days a week.Every day he has to straighten out various kinds of problems so that he often stays up late/nights.However, he tries his best to balance/maintain balance between work and family.On Sundays my dad usually stays at home and cares for us as much as he can.To my greatest joy, he cooks our favorite dished and plays ball with us.Unit 6 Homework Vocabulary Ⅰ

1.1.Fertile 2.Reflected 3.Overseas 4.Slim 5.Split 6.Sustained 7.Glow 8.Thrust 9.Keen 10.Bud 11.Previous 12.Whichever 2.1)The sickly smell of carpets and furniture in the bedroom disgusts me.2)Mary stopped corresponding with Henry after the death of her mother.3)A radio transmitter is best located at an isolated place far from cities.4)I was so absorbed in the game on TV that I didn’t hear Martin come in.5)The rough surface of the basketball helps players grip the ball.3.1)to broaden;make their way 2)disgusts;take a chance on 3)the grand;and overseas;reflected Ⅱ

1.1)frightened 2)afraid/ frightened 2.1)alike/similar 2)similar 3.1)alive 2)living 4.1)sleeping 2)asleep Ⅲ

1)disappointed 2)disappointment 3)disappointing 4)disappoint 5)disappointingly 6)disappointing 2.1)attractive 2)attract 3)attraction 4)attractively 5)unattractively 6)unattractive Comprehension Exercises ⅠCloze Text-related 1)Identifying 2)gripped 3)margins 4)corresponding 5)overseas 6)little 7)hesitate 8)grateful 9)made my way 10)going my way 2.Theme-related 1)first 2)ring 3)Nor 4)another 5)threw

6)deliberately 7)reasoned 8)himself 9)restaurant 10)matter ⅡTranslation 1)Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful to you(for it).At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment.The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.Not rich himself, Uncle Li never hesitates to help others.Previous to/Before his retirement, through Project Hope he located the addresses of two country kids who grew up in poor families but had a keen desire to study.From then on he sent them money regularly.Later the two made their way to college, and even got a chance to study overseas.Unit 7 Content Questions Pair Work 1.He thinks animals will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to.2.Because he believes they may encounter animal intelligence in their daily life.3.He regards them as a new window on animal intelligence.4.She wanted to get more pineapple.5.He expanded the money supply by breading chips in two.6.It shows he is clever and sly.He ate up the fruit leaving nothing but stems to share with Miles.7.They say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to do so.8.The author thinks that what behaviorists say is right, but he doesn’t think their explanation is satisfactory enough.9.Because Orky was the most intelligent animal she had worked with.10.Corky is a female whale because she is Orky’s mate and delivered a baby whale.11.Because she thought the orange must have rolled off somewhere inaccessible.12.Towan hid his orange underneath his foot.The act reveals some animals are intelligent enough to know how to deceive.Text Organization 1.Eugene Linden wants to tell the reader that animals do have, at least, some limited intelligence, and the personal experiences of those who are in close contact with animals are more convincing evidence than that any experiments can provide.2.Let’s Make a Deal: Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people.Tale of a Whale: Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly.Primate Shell Game: Animals can attempt to deceive.Language Sense Enhancement 1.(1)controversy(2)consciousness(3)explore(4)serves their own purposes(5)encounter(6)lack of it(7)convinced(8)mental feats(9)captivity(10)humans Language Focus I.Vocabulary 1.1)go(very)far 2)has expanded 3)in the interest(s)of 4)only to 5)encountered 6)has cooperated 7)assessed 8)(had)switched 9)horizons 10)gaze 11)disaster 12)wiped out 2.1)… a long/long running controversy over whether the book should be published or not 2)… felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly 3)...suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay 4)… is obvious that our company is still maintaining its composition as market leader in software.5)… give in until they give her a pay rise 3.1)have undertaken, original, to explore 2)evidence convinced, underneath, extending to 3)to negotiate, encounter, to figure out, explore II.Confusable Words 1.firstly 2.first, first 3.At first 4.First/Firstly 5.first 6.First 7.at first 8.first III.Usage 1.animal intelligence whose 2.zoo keeper where 3.eye contact through what 4.money supply of what 5.killer whale what kind 6.baby whale how old 7.family member of what 8.sea turtle what kind/where Comprehensive Exercises I.Cloze 1.(1)emergency(2)evidence(3)original(4)sizing up(5)negotiates(6)reveal(7)make a deal(8)dominant(9)in their interest(s)(10)deceiving(11)controversy(12)judgment(13)explore 2.(1)protect(2)However(3)type(4)situation(5)sights(6)together(7)rang(8)associate(9)without(10)environment II.Translation 1.1)A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.2)Let’s make a deal—you wash my car, and I’ll let you use it tonight.3)We got to the village which we thought must have been wiped out in the severe earthquake, only to find it slightly damaged.4)My garden is dry and shady—few plants thrive in that condition 5)Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star’s death/exact circumstance of the film star’s death.2.When I was young I used to visit the zoo in my hometown.There what attracted me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male.They were dept in a huge iron cage at first, but later were released from it and moved to a place called Tiger Hill.Twenty years later I revisited the zoo and was relieved to find Tiger Hill was still there, but greatly extended.Moving around now were six tigers, old and young, instead of two!Unit8 Pair work

1.She was amazed at the author’s ability to do mental calculation.2.Children can’t spell correctly;their knowledge of word history and geography is non-existent 3.He didn’t want to compete with the hard-working Asians at U.C.L.A.He preferred a less intellectually challenging life.4.A modern industrial state cannot function with an idle, ignorant labor force.5.To use the media to dramatize and drive home the message to today’s teenagers.6.He is fed up with the book he is forced to red.7.They can’t read or write.They place their hopes on their children.8.He works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese.9.Because he has no education, no useful skill, and no discipline.10.Americans stop demanding good education foe children.Machines do all the complex work and there is little manual work to be done.America is poorer than Japan and European countries.11.Hard work education, saving and discipline help a nation rise from the ashes.12.He finally comes to realize the importance of study.Work on your own 1.Part one paras.1-10 Teenagers’ idleness and ignorance will produce serious effects on all concerned and society as a whole.Part two paras.11-24 Kevin 1990 comes to realize in his dream how greatly lack of education costs his forebears, himself, his children and the society they live in, and how important it is to study hard.2.Part one Teenagers’ intellectual laziness and ignorance Part two Kevin 1990, his forebears(with the exception of his intellectual father),and his children lead a poor, miserable life.America is on the decline.There is no law and order in the country.America children have no chance to receive a good education.Businesses in America are owned by wealthy Europeans and Asians.Language sense enhancement Indifference(1)Summed up(2)Preferred(3)Financial(4)

Accumulated(5)Intellectual(6)Affect(7)Industrial 8)Idle(9)Break down(10)Vocabulary I 1.1.industrial 2.idle3.is functioning4.intellectual5.scared6.handful 7.luxury 8.private 9.work up 10.slice 11.miracle 12.was jammed 2.1.to be seriously affected by the rise in gas prices。2.is a matter of total indifference to me.3.drove home the point that they needed extra people 4.was found after they searched for it for a long time 5.had run out of water by the time they got to the camp 3.1.manual and complex its financial 2.was very upset make a living by swore was/became much better off 3.handful ignorant of paintings/ works summed up II 1.The young man made $5 an hour in his summer job.2.What made you change your mind? 3.I’m sure Jason will make a good lawyer.4.The vet put something down the dog’s throat to make it vomit.5.The story makes interesting reading.6.Five and five make ten.7.On foot they can only make about 20 miles a day.8.I don’t think she’ll ever really make it to the top III 1

(1)developing(2)develo p(3)development(4)develop(5)developing developed 2(1)amazed(2)amazes(3)amazingly(4)amazing(5)amazement Comprehensive exercise I.CLOZE 1.TEXT-RELATED(1)complex(2)idle(3)make a living by(4)accumulated(5)affect(6)function(7)faculties(8)ignorant(9)wake up 2.THEME-RELATED(1)dormitory(2)passing(3)leaping(4)department(5)burned(6)destroyed(7)seriously(8)marriages(9)report(10)perspective

II TRANSLATION 1)Without his personal file, an applicant can hardly expect to get/ be employed as a teacher.2)With enough ice, we would be able to chill the drinks.3)In my humble opinion, reading us the most pleasant way to spend one’s leisure.4)Some people said it was simply a miracle that the American athlete Michael Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.5)The washing machine has broken down, so we have to wash our clothes by hand.This morning I heard an interesting piece of news over my portable radio: a man of 36 and his son of 10 attend the same class competing with each other for high marks.The story goes/ It’s like this: The man, Li Wei by name, was too idle to learn anything when young.With little education, with no useful skills, he could hardly earn an adequate living wage.His life experiences drove home to him the point that he had to acquire knowledge before he was able to accumulate wealth.So Li Wei swore that he would go to school with his son, determined to learn.翻译: 第一单元

成长

课文A 我们写作时常常被告诫,脑子里要有读者,笔者所云一定要符合读者的口味和兴趣。但有一位读者特别不该忘记。你能猜出是谁吗?当拉塞尔·贝克找到这个问题的答案时,他自己和别人都感到大为惊讶。

为自己而写

拉塞尔·田克

从孩提时代,我还住在贝尔维尔时,我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头,但直等到我高中三年级,这—一想法才有了实现的可能。在这之前,我对所有跟英文课沾边的事都感到腻味。我觉得英文语法枯燥难懂。我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作,老师读着受累,我写着痛苦。

弗利格尔先生接我们的高三英文课时,我就准备着在这门最最单调乏味的课上再熬上沉闷的一年。弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。据说他拘谨刻板,完全落后于时代。我看他有六七十岁了,古板之极。他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜,微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐,梳得纹丝不乱。他身穿古板的套装,白衬衣领扣外的领带打得——丝不苟。他救着古板的尖下巴,古板的直鼻梁,说起话来—·本正经,字斟句酌,彬彬有礼,活脱脱一个橱稽的老古董。

我作好准备,打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上—·年,不少日子过去了,还真率出所料。后半学期我们学写随笔小品文。弗利格尔先生发下一张家庭作业纸,出了不少题供我们选择。像“暑假二三事”那样傻乎乎的题目倒是一个也没有,但绝大多数—样乏味。我把作文题带回家,——直没写,直到要交作业的前一天晚上。我躺在沙发上,最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课,便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗—看。我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。…

这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。贝尔维尔之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来,当时,我们大家——起围坐在晚餐桌旁——艾伦舅舅、我母亲、查理舅舅、多丽丝、哈尔舅舅——帕特舅妈晚饭做的是意大利细面条。那时意大利细面条还是很少听说的异国食品。多丽丝和我都还从来没吃过,在座的大人也是经验不足,没有—个吃起来得心应手的。艾伦舅舅家诙谐有趣的场景全都重现在我的脑海中,我回想起来,当晚我们笑作—团,争论着该如何地把面条从盘子上送到嘴里才算合乎礼仪。

突然我就想描述那…切,描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛,但我把它写下来仅仅是想白得其乐,而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一个时刻。我想重温那个夜晚的愉快。然而,照我希望的那样去写,就会违反我在学校里学的正式作文的种种法则弗利格尔先生也肯定会打它—个不及格。没关系。等我为自己写好了之后,我可以再为弗利格尔先生写点什么别的东西。

等我写完时已是半夜时分,再没时间为弗利格尔先生写——篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。第二天上午,我别无选择,只好把我为自己而写的贝尔维尔晚餐的故事交了上去。两天后弗利格尔先生发还批改过的作文,他把别人的都发了,·就是没有我的。我正准备着遵命—放学就去弗利格尔先生那儿挨训,却看见他从桌上拿起我的作文,敲了敲桌子让大家注意听。

“好了,孩子们,”他说。“我要给你们念一篇小品文。文章的题目是:吃意大利细面条的艺术。”

于是他开始念了。是我写的!他给全班大声念我写的文章。更不可思议的是,全班同学都在听着他念,而且听得很专心。有人笑出声来,接着全班都笑了,不是轻蔑嘲弄,而是乐乎乎地开怀大笑。就连弗利格尔先生也停顿了两三次,好抑制他那丝拘谨的微笑。我尽力不流露出得意的心情,但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑,我真是心花怒放。就在十——年级,可谓是最后的时刻,我找到了一个今生想做的事。这是我整个求学生涯中最幸福的——刻。弗利格尔先生念完后说道:“瞧,孩子们,这就是小品文,懂了没有。这才是一知道吗——这才是小品文的精髓,知道了没有。祝贺你,贝克先生。”他这番话使我沉浸 在十全十美的幸福之中。

第二单元

友谊

课文A

老朋友天各一方,你心有何感?你是否努力保持联系?有时候写信的事很容易会一拖再拖,总以为明天有的是时间。然而,正如这则故事所表明的,有时我们拖得太晚了。也许读一读这个故事会让你提起笔来。

出租车司机拥有的就剩一封信

福斯特·韩克洛

他准是完全沉浸在所读的东西里了,因为我不得不敲挡风玻璃来引起他的注意。

他总算抬头看我了。“你出车吗?”我问道。他点点头,当我坐进后座时,他抱歉地说:“对不起,我在读一封信。”听上去他像是得了感冒什么的。“我不着急,”我对他说。“你接着把信读完吧。”

他摇了摇头。“我已经读了好几遍了。我想我都能背出来了。”

“家书抵万金啊,”我说。“至少对我来说是这样,因为我老是在外旅行。”我估量他有六七十岁了,便猜测说:“是孩子还是孙子写宋的?”

“不是家里人,”他回答说。“不过,”他接着说,“想起来,也可以算是一家人了。埃德老伙计是我最老的朋友了。实际上,过去我俩总是以‘老朋友’相称的——就是说,当我俩相见时。我这人就是不大会写东西。”

“我看大家写信都不那么勤快,”我说。“我自己笔头就很懒。我看,你认识他挺久了吧?” “差不多认识了一辈子了。我俩小时候就一起玩,所以我俩的友谊确实很长了。” “一起上的学?”.

“都一起上到高中呢。事实上,我俩从小学到高中都在一个班里。” “保持这么长久友谊的人可真不多见啊,”我说。

“其实呢,”司机接着说,“近25到30年来,我跟他一年只见一两次面,因为我从原来住的老街坊搬了出来,联系自然就少了,虽说你一直放在心上。他在的时候可真是个大好人。” “你刚才说他‘在的时候’。你是说——?” 他点了点头。“前两个星期过世啦。”

“真遗憾,”我说。“失去朋友真不是个滋味,失去个真正的老朋友更让人受不了。” 他开着车,没有接话儿。我们沉默了几分钟,可我知道他还在想着老埃德。他又开口时,与其说是跟我说话,还不如说是自言自语:“我真该一直保持联系。真的,”他重复道,“我真该—直保持联系。”

“是明,”我表示赞同,“我们都该与老朋友保持更多的联系。不过总是有事情冒出来,好像就是抽不出空来。”

他耸了耸肩。“我们过去总能抽出空来,”他说。“信里还提到呢。”他把信递给我。“你看看吧。”

“谢谢你,”我说,“不过我不想读你的信。这纯属私事。”

司机耸,一耸肩。“老埃德人都死了。没什么私事不私事了。念吧,”他催促说。信是用铅笔写的。称呼写着“老朋友”,而开头第一句话让我想到自己。“早就想写信了,可就是——拖再拖。”信里接着写道,他常常回想从前两人住在一个街坊时的快乐时光。信里提到些事,可能对司机很重要,比如“那次蒂姆·谢打破窗子,那年万圣节前夕,我们把老帕克先生的大门拴了起来,还有卡尔弗太太老是在放学后把咱俩留下训斥的那阵子”。“你们俩准是在一起度过了不少时光,”我对他说。

“就跟信里写的那样,”他回答说,“我俩在那个时候能花的只有时间。”他摇头叹道:“时间吓可。”

信里接下来的那段我觉得有点凄凉:“信的开头我写着‘老朋友’,因为这么多年来,我们这对老朋友渐渐都老了。我们这些人当中留下的也不多了。”

“你要知道,”我对他说,“信里说我们这些人当中留下的不多了,说得一点不错。比如说,每次我去参加老同学聚会,来的人总是越来越少。” “时间不饶人啊,”司机说。

“你们俩以前在一起工作吗?”我问他。

“不,不过没成家时我俩总在一起闲荡。后来,两人都成了家,就不时相互串门。可最近这二三十年来,主要就是寄寄圣诞卡了。当然,我俩都总在卡上写几句——通常是关于各自家里的情况,不是吗,孩子们在干些什么,谁搬到哪儿,添了个小孙子,都是这类事——可一直都没正儿八经地写过信什么的。”

“这一处写得好,”我说。“这里写道:‘你多年的友谊对我非常重要,远比我能说出来的重要得多,因为我不擅长说这样的话。,,我颔首称是。“这话准让你听着开心,是吧?” 司机说了句什么,可我没听明白,因为他似乎哽噎得厉害。于是我接着说:“我也真想收到这样一封老朋友的来信。”

我们快到目的地了,于是我跳到最后一段。“因此我想你一定想知道我惦记着你。”信末署名:“老朋友汤姆”。我们在我的旅店前停下,我把信递了回去。“很高兴能和你聊聊,”我将衣箱从车上提下时说。汤姆?信的署名是汤姆?

“我节的你朋友叫埃德,”我说。“为什么他署名汤姆呢?”

“这封信不是汤姆写给我的,”他解释说。“我是汤姆。这是我在得知他去世前写给他的信。所以我一直没寄出。”

他神情有点悲伤,似乎想看清远处什么东西。“我想我真该早些写这封信。” 我进了旅馆房间之后,没有马上打开箱包。首先我得写封信——而且要寄出去。

第三单元

理解科学

课文A 霍金教授认为使每个人都了解科学是干什么的非常重要。在这篇文章中,他对其中的缘由作了解释。

公众科学观

斯蒂芬.霍金

无论我们是否愿意,我们生活的世界在过去一百年间已经变化了许多,而且在未来的一百年里可能变化更多。有人想中止这种种变化,回到那个他们认为更纯洁更朴素的时代。但正如历史所表明的,过去并非那么美妙。过去对享有特权的少数人不算太糟,但即便他们也:无从享受现代医疗,而生育对妇女来说风险极大。对占人口大多数的民众而言,生活是艰难、残忍而又短暂的。

不管怎样,即使有人想这么做,他也无法将时钟拨回到早先的时代。知识与技术不可能说忘就忘了。也没有人能阻止未来的进一步发展。即使所有用于研究的政府资金都被取消(现政府最擅此事),竞争的力量仍将继续带来技术的发展。更何况,没有人能阻止探究求索之士去思索基础学科,无论他们是否会为此得到酬劳。唯一能阻止进一步发展的办法或许是一个压制任何新事物的全球政府,但人类的进取心与创造力如此旺盛,即便这个政府也不会成功。它所能做到的只是延缓变化的速度。

如果我们承认,我们无法阻止科学技术改变我们的世界,我们至少可以努力确保科技带来的变化方向正确。在——个民主社会里,这意味着公众需要对科学有—个基本的了解,从而可以作出明达的决定,而不是把决定留给专家去作。目前,公众对科学存有矛盾之心。公众期望科技新发展带来的生活水准的稳定提高能继续,但又怀疑科学,因为他们不懂科学。那个在实验室里设法制造弗兰肯斯泰因的疯狂的科学家的卡通人物清楚地体现了公众的这种怀疑。这也是人们之所以支持各种绿色组织的—个重要因素。但公众同时也对科学深感兴趣,尤其是对天文学,诸如《夜空》之类的电视连续剧观众不少以及科幻小说读者甚多就是明证。

怎么样才能利用这种兴趣,向公众提供所需要的科学知识,以便其在酸雨、温室效应、核武器以及基因工程等问题上作出明达的决定呢?显然,必须把基础建立在学校课程上。但在学校里,科学往往被教得枯燥乏味。孩子们死记硬背应付考试,他们看刁;出科学与他们的周围世界的联系。更有甚者,科学常常是用公式来教的。虽然公式是阐述数学概念的——种简单而精确的方式,它们却使大多数人望而生畏。前不久我写了—“本通俗读物,当时有人告诫我说,我每使用个公式就会使销量减半。我只使用了—个公式,即爱因斯坦那个著名的公式,E=mc2:。如果;用这个公式的话,也许我能多卖出—倍的书。私学家和工程师倾向于用公式阐述观点,因为他们需要知道量的精确值。但对我们其余的人来说,对科学概念有个质的认识就已足够,这可以用文字和图表来表述,大可不必使用公式。人们在学校学到的科学知识可以提供—个基本的框架。但如今科学进步的速度如此之快,个人离开学校或大学后新的发展层出不穷。我在学校从未学过分子生物学或晶体管,但基因工程和计算机是极有可能改变我们未来生活的两项发展。有关科学的通俗读物和杂志文章能帮助人们了解新发展,但即使是最畅销的科普读物也只有—部分人阅读。只有电视能赢得真:广大的观众。电视上有些相当优秀的科学节目,但其他的节目把科学奇迹简单地作为魔术播出,既不加以说明,也展现它们与科学观念的整体框架的关系。电视科学节目的制片人应该认识到,他们负有教育民众的重任,而不仅仅是为他们提供娱乐。

当今世界充满危险,因此就有了那个令人毛骨悚然的玩笑,说我们尚未受到外星文明造访的原因在于:但凡文明发展到我们目前的程度,它们往往就自我毁灭了。然而我对公众的明智充满信心,因而相信,我们将证明这一说法是错误的。

第四单元

美国梦

课文A 美国梦对不同的人有不同的意义。但对许多人,尤其是对移民而言,它意味着改善自己生活的机会。对于他们,美国梦的含义就是才能与勤劳能让你从小木屋走向白宫。托尼·特里韦索诺并没有爬到那么高,但他成功地使自己的梦想成真

托尼·特里韦索诺的美国梦

弗雷德里克·c·克罗弗德

他来自意大利罗马以南某地一个满地石子的农庄。他什么时候怎么到美国的,我不清楚。不过,有天晚上,我看到他站在我家车库后面的车道上。他身高五英尺七、八左右,人很瘦。“我割你的草坪,”他说。他那结结巴巴的英语很难听懂。

我问他叫什么名字。“托尼·特里韦索诺,”他回答说。“我割你的草坪。”我对托尼讲,本人雇不起园丁。

“我割你的草坪,”他又说道,随后便走开了。我走进屋子,心里有点不快。没错,眼下这大萧条的日子是不好过,可我怎么能把一个上门求助的人就这么打发走呢? 等我第二天晚上下班回到家,草坪已修整过了,花园除了草,人行道也清扫过了。我便问太太是怎么回事。

“有个人把割草机从汽车库里推出来就在院子里忙活起来,”她回答说。“我还以为是你雇他来的。”’

我就把前晚的事跟她说了。我俩都觉得奇怪,他怎么没提出要工钱。

接下来的两天挺忙·,我把托尼的事给忘了。我们在尽力重整业务,要让一部分工人回厂里来。但在星期五,回家略微早了些,我又在汽车库后面看到了托尼。我对他干的活夸奖了几句。

“我割你的草坪,”他说。

我设法凑了一小笔微薄的周薪,就这样托尼每天清扫院子,有什么零活,他都干了。我太太说,但凡有重物要搬或有什么要修理的,他挺派得上用场。

夏去秋来,凉风阵阵。“克罗先生,快下雪了,”有天晚上托尼跟我说。“等冬天到了,你让我在厂里干扫雪的活。” 啊,对这种执着与期盼,你又能怎样呢?自然,托尼得到了厂里的那份活儿。几个月过去了。我让人事部门送上一份报告。他们说托尼干得挺棒。一天我在汽车库后面我们以前见面的地方看到了托尼。“我想学徒,”他说。,我们有个挺不错的培训工人的徒工学校。可我怀疑托尼是否有能力学会看图纸、用千分尺,是否胜任做精密加工工作。尽管如此,可我怎么能拒绝他呢? 托尼减了薪水当了徒工。几个月之后,我收到报告,他已从徒工学校毕业,成了熟练磨工。他学会了在千分尺上辨识一百万分之一英寸,会用镶嵌着金刚石的工具制作砂轮。我和太太都挺高兴,觉得他的事总算有了个令人满意的结局。

一两年过去了,我在托尼惯常等我的地方又看到了他。我们聊起了他的工作,接着我问他有什么要求。

“克罗先生,”他说,“我想买房。”在小镇边上,他看到有房出售,完全是幢破房。我去见——·位当银行家的朋友。“人品贷款你干不干?”我问。“不干,”他说。“我们承担

不起。没门。”

“哎,等等,”我应道。“有个人干活勤勉,人品端正,这一点我担保。他有个好工作。眼下,你从你那块地上—分钱也得不到。那块地空在那儿要好多年呢。至少他会付你利息嘛。” 那位银行家勉强开了两干美金抵押贷款,没要托尼首付就把房子给了他。托尼乐不可支。从那以后,只要我家附近有什么被人扔弃的零星杂物,坏了的屏风啦,五金器具啦,包装纸板啦,托尼都要收起来拿回家,看他这个样子真是有意思。

约摸过了两年,我在我们见面的老地方又看到了托尼。他身子似乎挺直了些,人也见胖了,样子挺自信。

“克罗先生,我卖房子!”他得意地说。“我得了八千美金。” 我非常吃惊。“可是,托尼,没了房子你住哪儿呢?” “克罗先生,我买农庄。”

我们坐下聊了起来。托尼告诉我说,拥有一个农庄是他的梦想。他喜欢番茄,辣椒以及意大利菜肴中相当重要的其它各种蔬菜。.他把在意大利的妻子和儿子女儿都接来了。他在小镇周边到处找,终于找到一处没人要的一小块地产,有一幢房,还有间小棚。他正在把家搬到农庄去。

又过了一些时候,在一个星期日的下午托尼来了,他穿戴得整整齐齐。和他一起来的还有另一位意大利人。他告诉我,他说服了儿时的,伙伴前来美国。托尼为他作经济担保。他眼里露出顽皮的神情,对我说,他俩来到他经营的小农庄时,他的朋友惊奇地站住说,“托尼,你是个百万富翁啦!”

后来,在战争期间,公司里传出了一个消息。托尼去世了。

我让公司的人去他家看看,确保各项事宜都得到妥善安置。他们看到农场上长着绿油油的蔬菜,小屋布置得舒适温馨,院子里有一辆拖拉机,还有一辆不错的汽车。孩子受过教育都工作了,托尼身前没有分文欠债。

托尼去世后,我一直想着他的经历。他的形象在我心目中越来越高大。最后,我觉得他就和美国那些最大的实业家一样高大、自豪。

他们都通过同样的途径,本着同样的价值观和原则获得了成功:远见、执着、自制、乐观、自尊,以及最重要的,正直。

托尼不是从最低——级阶梯往上爬的,他是从地下室往上爬的。托尼的事业很小,那些最大的实业家的事业很大。但究其实两者的资产负债表完全一样。惟——的不同是你把小数点点在什么地方。.

托尼?特里韦索诺来到美国寻求美国梦。但他没有找到什么美国梦——他为自己创造了个美国梦。他的全部拥有是天宝贵的二十四小时,而他—刻也没有浪费。

第五单元

爱情

课文A 一个你从没有见过的人给你寄来一封信或打来一个电话,而你不知不觉地想象着这个人是个什么样儿,赋予这个隐秘的声音一张面孔。这事儿你干得来吗?有时候是很容易搞错的。

爱情故事

道络·贝尔

约翰·布兰查德从长凳上站起身来,整了整军装,留意着格兰德中央车站进出的人群。他在寻找一位姑娘,一位佩带玫瑰的姑娘。他知其心,但不知其貌。十二个月前,在佛罗里达州的一个图书馆,他对她产生了兴趣。他从书架上取下一本书,很快便被吸引住了,不是被书的内容,而是被铅笔写的眉批。柔和的笔迹显示出其人多思善虑的心灵和富有洞察力的头脑。

在书的前页,他找到了前一位拥有人的姓名,霍利斯·梅奈尔小姐。他花了…—番工夫和努力,找到了她的地址。她住在纽约市。他给她写了一封信介绍自己,并请她回复。第二天他被运往海外,参加第二次世界大战。

在接下来的一年当中,两人通过信件来往增进了了解。每——封信都如—颗种子撒入肥沃的心灵之土。浪漫的爱情之花就要绽开。布兰查德提出要一张照片,可她拒绝了。她解释道:如果你对我的感情是真实的,是诚心诚意的,那我的相貌如何并不重要。设想我美丽动人。我将会——直深感不安,惟恐你只是因为我的容貌就贸然与我相爱,而这种爱情令我憎恶。设想本人相貌平平(你得承认,这种可能性更大)。那我一直会担心,你和我保持通信仅仅是出于孤独寂寞,无人交谈。不,别索要照片。等你到了纽约,你会见到我,到时你可再作定夺。且记,见面后我俩都可以自由决定中止关系或继续交往——无论你怎么选择……” 他从欧洲回国的日子终于到了。他们安排了两人的第一次见面——晚上七点,纽约格兰德中央车站。

“你会认出我的,”她写道,“我会在衣襟上戴一朵红玫瑰。”于是,晚上七点,他候在车站,寻找——位过去一年里在自己生活中占据了如此特殊地位的姑娘,…—位素未谋面,但其文字伴随着他、始终支撑着他精神的姑娘。

且让布兰查德先生告诉你接下来发生的事吧:

一位年轻的姑娘向我走来,她身材颀长纤细。一头卷曲的金发披在秀美的耳后;眼睛碧蓝,如花似玉。她的双唇和下颌线条柔和,却又柔中见刚,她身穿浅绿色套装,犹如春天一般生气盎然。

我朝她走去,完全忘了去看她有没有戴玫瑰花。

我走过去时,她双唇绽开撩人的微笑。“和我同路吗,水兵?”她小声问道。我情不自禁,再向她走近一步。可就在这时,我看到了霍利斯·梅奈尔。她差不多就站在姑娘的正后面,早已年过四十,灰白的头发用卡子向上别着,头上带着一顶旧帽子。她体态臃肿,粗圆的脚髁上套着一双低跟鞋。

穿着绿色套装的姑娘快步走开了。我觉得自己好像被分成了两半,一方面热切地想去追赶她,但另一方面我又渴望那一位以其心灵真诚陪伴我并成为我的精神支柱的女人。她站在那儿,苍白的圆脸显得温柔理智,灰色的眼睛透出热情善良。我没有迟疑。我手里紧握着那本小小的让她辨认我的蓝色羊皮面旧书。这不会是爱情,但将是某种珍贵的、或许比爱情更美妙的东西,一种我曾经感激,并将永远感激的友情。

我挺胸站立,敬了个礼,并举起手中的书奸让那位女士看。不过在我开口说话的时候,失望的痛苦几乎使我哽咽。“我是约翰·布兰查德中尉,想必您就是梅奈尔小姐。很高兴您来见我。可否请您赏光吃饭?”

妇女的脸上绽开了笑容。“我不知道是怎么回事,孩子,”她回答说,“可是刚才走过去的 那位穿绿色套装的姑娘,她央求我把这支玫瑰插在衣服上。她还说,要是你请我吃饭的话;我I 就告诉你,她就在街对面那个大饭店里等你。她说这是一种考验!”

梅奈尔小姐的智慧不难理解,也令人称奇。心灵的本质是从其对不美的事物的态度中反,习映出来的。

“告诉我你所爱者是谁,”何赛写道,“我就知道你是什么样的人。”

第六单元

动物智能

课文A

温饱,睡眠?它们的思维可能要比这深刻得多。

动物到底想些什么

尤金·林登

多年来,我写了大量关于动物智能实验、以及围绕这些实验所产生的争议的文章。动物真的有思想,即我们所说的意识吗?在考虑是否会有比设计教动物人类手势语的实验更好的方式探索动物智能时,我悟出了现在看来是显而易见的一点:如果动物能思维,它们会在能为自己所用的时候,而不是在科学家让它们思维的时候作出最佳思维。

于是我开始与兽医、动物研究人员以及动物园饲养员交谈。他们大都不研究动物智能,但他们每天都碰到或碰刁;到动物智能。他们讲述的故事开启了我相信是研究动物智能的一扇新的窗口:即动物在对付樊笼生活和地球上的主宰物种一人类——时所表现的高超的思维技技能。

让我们做笔交易

请考虑这一情况:哥伦布动物园的一位动物保护主义者查伦·延德里觉察到一头叫做科洛的雌性大猩猩在玩弄一件可疑的物品。延德里走过去,给了科洛一些花生,却被翻了个白眼。意识到这是在讨价还价,延德里加大了筹码,又给了一片菠萝。这时候,科洛一边望着延德里,一边摊开手,露出了一根钥匙链。

见不是危险或珍贵物品,延德里松了一口气,把菠萝给了考勒。科洛真是个精明的还价者,它把钥匙链拉断,给了延德里一段,或许在算计着,要是每一小段都能换片菠萝,我干嘛要全都给她?

如果动物能在以物换物中显示技能,又何尝不会在使用钱币中再露一手?在田纳西大学人类学家琳·迈尔斯进行的一项手势语研究中,有头名叫夏特克的猩猩就这么做了。夏特克悟出,如果它干些诸如清理房间的事,他就能挣些硬币,好用来买好吃的,还可以坐迈尔斯的车外出兜风。但这头猩猩对钱币的理解似乎远远超出了简单的交易。迈尔斯一开始用塑料片充当硬币,而夏特克竟认定,它可以把塑料片拗成两片,以此扩大钱币供应量。而当迈尔斯改用金属片时,夏特克找到了一些锡箔,试图复制。

迈尔斯还试图教会夏特克一些好习惯,诸如节俭和与人分享。当我在它目前居住的亚特兰大动物园见到这头猩猩时,我果然见到它与人分享的一例,足以令任何人羡慕。迈尔斯给了夏特克——些葡萄,要求它与人分享,它很快吃完了所有的葡萄。随后,它似乎是想起了迈尔斯要它与人分享,便把梗儿递给了迈尔斯。

鲸鱼的故事

动物为什么会愿意与人合作?行为主义者会说,动物认识到合作于已有利时就会这么做。这没有错,但我觉得这一解释尚不充分。

动物行为顾问盖尔·劳尔说起过她了解的一头虎鲸奥基。“在我照管过的动物当中,它是最聪明的,”她说。“它会审时度势,再根据自己的判断采取行动。”

比如有次它救了一个家族成员。奥基的配偶科基生幼鲸时,那条幼鲸一开始情况不妙,饲养员把幼鲸用担架抬出水糟,实施紧急护理。他们把幼鲸送回水槽时,出了事情。当工人把担架停在高出水面几英尺处的时候,幼鲸开始呕吐。饲养员担心它会窒息,但他们无法接近幼鲸提供帮助。

奥基显然看出了问题,它游到担架下,让其中一人站在它头上。这种事从来没有训练它做过。然后,奥基用尾部保持平衡,让饲养员接近,并松开了那条420磅重的幼鲸,以便让它滑入水中,获得帮助。·

灵长目动物的骗术

有时动物的智能可以从其欺骗的企图中得以证明。西雅图伍德兰公园动物园饲养员海伦·休曼回忆道,一天她从喂食窗口给猩猩梅拉蒂扔了个桔子。梅拉蒂没有移动身体去接,而是眼睛直视休曼,伸出手来。休曼以为桔子准是滚到一边拿不到了,就又给了它一个。可当梅

拉蒂走开时,休曼却注意到原来那只桔子就藏在它另—只手里。

猩猩园的头领托温目睹了这个把戏。第二天,这头雄猩猩也是眼睛盯着休曼,装作没有接到桔子。“你肯定没拿到吗?”休曼问道。它仍直视着她,同时把手伸了出来。她让步了,又给了它—·个,随后却看见它把桔子藏在脚下。

智能究竟是什么?如果生命就是讲物种的生存——而智能是为了生存——那么我们根本无法与大脑只有豌豆大刁、的海龟相提并论,海龟早在人类出现很久之前便已存在,并经历了使恐龙灭绝的重大灾难而生存下来。尽管如此,想到除了我们人类,尚有其它物种,即便它们的视野比我们还狭小,却也能退后一步,清醒地审视周围的世界,不由人深感宽慰。

第七单元

突发事件

课文A 初看上去像是一个旧盒子或破衣裳。可紧接着他们就明白过来到底是什么了。

“铁轨上有孩子!”

左克·墨菲

1989年5月1日,星期一,新泽西州的拉姆齐上午天气宜人。凯特·普里查德俯身站在车尾行李箱前,费力地收拾着刚买回家的一袋袋食品杂货。她听到远处火车的鸣笛声。联合铁路公司的火车经过的地方离普里查德家不到三百英尺,可在后院与铁轨之间没有栅栏,只有一排长得密密的树木。然而,她的两个儿子,三岁半的托德和十八个月的斯科特,就在近旁私家车道上玩耍。

“就呆在这儿,”凯特说。“妈妈去把食品放好,然后我们进屋吃午饭,好吗?” “好!”托德一面说,一面竖起大拇指,做着他以前看他父亲做的这个手势。“好!”斯科特随声应和,试着模仿他哥哥的样子。他们望着母亲提着几个袋袋走进屋子。

凯特关好冰箱门匆匆走出屋来。还好。两个孩子正在原地玩耍。

当她从车后行李箱里又提出几个袋袋时,凯特听见有一列火车疾驶而过——是特快客车,她根据车速判断。她又将几个袋袋拿进屋去。

火车的声音显然把两个孩子的注意吸引到铁轨上。两人穿过那排树木,爬上笔陡的路基,跪在地上玩了起来。

往西几千英尺处,一辆货车缓缓地朝两个孩子驶宋。头顶上的灯向司机里奇·坎普纳发出信号,指示前面那辆客车已经开走,他们可以每小时40英里的正常速度继续运行。司机调整了加速器,转身面对列车员安东尼·法尔佐。安东尼中等身材,长得结结实实,现年35岁,已经为联合铁路公司干了差不多十六、七年。“你周末都干点啥,安东尼?”

“唉,不干什么。大多是瞎混——看点儿电视,然后睡觉。还能干什么?” 坎普纳笑了。“嘿,你最好悠着点,安东尼——你都快成派对狂了。”

两人哈哈大笑。就在他们大笑的时候,正以21英里的时速运行的机车开始加速。里奇和安东尼在同——瞬间发现火车前方有什么东西。

“那前面是什么?”司机问道。安东尼没回答。他日不转睛盯着前方看,试图辨识前方铁 轨上那怪形怪状的东西。是盒子?还是旧衣裳? 猛然间,两个人都明白过来那是什么东西。里奇用尽全力猛地紧急刹车,并拉响了汽笛。汽笛嘶鸣,与此同时安东尼大声嚷道:“铁轨上有孩子!”

安东尼冲出驾驶室,跳到车轮上方六英尺处一条狭窄人行踏板上,接着跑到摇摆的火车头前。他疾速攀下铁梯,停在梯子最后一级上,离他脚下飞速掠过的铁路路基有两英尺。现在,他可以清楚地看到两个孩子,他们正坐在铁轨旁边。安东尼拼命挥手示意,并大声喊叫:“走开!走开!”

他心里计算着火车的减速速度,痛苦地哼了一声。我们绝对不可能及时停车的。托德和斯科特正玩得起劲,没听到火车的声音。最后,当火车轰隆隆驶近时,斯科特抬头—看,惊呆了。

尽管火车在减速,安东尼知道车速仍比他奔跑的速度快。所以,他强迫自己等待,等到离孩子足够近的时候,他再一跃而下一把将他们抓住。在孩子与火车头前的犁雪机锋利的雪铲只有约十英尺的时候,安东尼从梯子上纵身向前一跃。他落在铁轨旁拳头大小的散石上,使尽力气才保持住平衡。他跨出两大步,几乎就要够着两个孩子了。两个孩子吓坏了,目瞪口呆地望着他。安东尼纵身跃起,朝他们扑去。

火车汽笛不停地嘶鸣,凯特·普里查德听着就像是被铁锤猛击了一下。“孩子!”她一声惊叫,冲出屋门。两个孩子不见了!铁道,她心想。我得去铁道那儿!安东尼身子砸下地时,他一边护着托德,一边伸出一只手臂去抓斯科特,好把他拉离铁轨。但火车压了过来。安东尼只见雪铲的黑色钢刃击中幼孩的下巴,将他的头往后一推,铲子从他脸上括过。顿时,鲜血从孩子额头溅出。

车身猛撞安东尼工作服的后背,把尼龙布都撕破了。但安东尼还是把斯科特完全拉到了自己身下。

他死了,安东尼心想。他毛骨悚然,一阵恶心。他的脸紧贴在石子上,使尽力气将两个孩子往下压,火车就从他们上面驶过,离他们只有几英寸。

凯特奔到停下的火车前,首先看到的便是托德。她的大儿子失去控制,在那儿乱蹦乱跳,大声哭喊。但凯特看出他没受伤。她抓过他紧紧抱住。随后她看见第三节车厢下一动不动躺着一个人。只见这人身子下面斯科特的脑袋上黑糊糊一片血污。凯特冲过去。“斯科特!”她尖声叫道。

安东尼扭转身子面对着她。“女士,”他对她说,声音很镇静。“回家去。叫警察和救护车来。”凯特没听进他的话,伸着手要抱孩子。安东尼又开口了,口气严厉了许多,“夫人,听着!回家打电话叫警察——叫救护车,快!”

凯特飞奔回家,打了电话,又通过寻呼机找到她丈夫加里。

第一辆警车到达时,安东尼仍然紧抱着年幼的斯科特。列车员从孩子的哭声知道他还活着,但斯科特可能有内伤,稍一动弹就有可能加重伤势。因此安东尼坚持让急救人员先对孩子进行检查,然后才放手。真是奇迹,斯科特伤势不重,只需缝十三针。

雪铲与地面之间只有十四英寸。记者后来问安东尼他在冒生命危险救孩子之前有否犹豫。“没有,”他回答道。“我当时所想到的就是那两个孩子前头还有整个人生,如果我不采取行动,他们必死无疑。我决不能让这样的悲剧发生。”

事故发生后不久,安东尼去普里查德家探望。他还记得他用双臂抱住托德和斯科特并将两人举起的情景。“这让我想起当时在火车底下我护着他们的情景。再一次抱住他们的感觉是奇特的——也是美妙的。”

普里查德夫妇说,自从第一次来探望之后,安东尼几乎成了他们家庭的一员。他们还说,现在有道栅栏把他们的街坊与铁轨隔开了。

第八单元

解决一个教育问题

课文A 本杰明.斯坦编了一个故事,以使美国青年彻底认识他们必须改变对教育的态度。读一读这个故事,看看你是否认为它对我们大家同样也有教育意义。

关于懒散少年的语言故事

本杰明.斯坦

去年一个秋日,我文件夹用完了,便去杂货店买。我拿了一大把文件夹搁在柜台上,问一个十几岁的售货员多少钱。“不知道,”她回答说。“反正单价12美分。” 我数了数文件夹。“二十三个,单价12美分,总共2.76美金,不含税,”我说。“你心算的?”她惊奇地问道。“你怎么会算出来的?” “靠魔力,”我说。“真的?”她问。

略受教育的成年人没有谁不会为这样的经历难过。虽然我们的孩子似乎比以往任何时候都要温厚和气,他们却如此无知——对自己的无知状况也如此无知——以至使我感到可怕。在我最近任教的一所私立大学,一个六十人的四年级班上,没有一个学生写短文时不犯拼写错误。没有一个学生例外。

更有甚者,他们对这种种的无知却毫不在乎,实在令人不寒而栗。一位朋友的聪明但却很懒散的十六岁儿子在解释他为什么不想上加州洛杉矶分校时说的话是对这种态度的高度概括。“我不想去那儿跟亚洲人竞争,”他说。“他们用功,什么都知道。”

其实,无论他是否愿意,这位年轻人都将不得不去跟亚洲人竞争。他不能永远躺在先辈积累的经济、物质与人力资本上。用不了多久,他懒于用脑的结果将严重影响他的生活方式,也将影响我们其他所有的人。一个现代工业化国家无法靠一支懒散、无知的劳动大军运行。飞机会坠落。计算机会出故障。汽车会抛锚。

为使这样的美国青年彻底认识到这…·点,我的愚见是:拍一—部电影,或电视连续剧,生动地描述我们国家的今天如何来之不易——而要丧失这—·切又何其容易。下面我奉献一篇寓言故事。

故事开始时,我们的主人公凯文·汉利1990,一名十七岁的高三学生,正坐在自己房间里,心情痛苦。他父母—千定要他准备欧洲史考试。而他则想去买一副激光唱片随身听的耳机。他被迫要读的书——《各国的财富》——让他打瞌睡。

凯文进入梦乡,时值1835年,他是他本人的曾太祖父,十七岁,是爱尔兰克雷郡的——个农民。他住在小小的陋室里,睡在一头猪旁。他老是挨饿,总是要找吃的。他最大的心愿是学会读书写字,以便找一个职员的工作。有了固定的工资,他就能养活自己,贴补家用。但汉利的贫穷使他无从享受上学这样的奢侈。没有教育,没有钱,他无能为力。他惟一的希望寄托在孩子身上。如果他们能接受教育,他们就会生活得好一些。

我们的寓言故事快速展开。现在凯文·汉利1990成了他自己的曾祖父,凯文·汉利1928。他也是十七岁,在匹兹堡一家钢铁厂工作。他的父亲从爱尔兰来到美国,参加过纽约地铁的修建。凯文·汉利1928比自己的父亲和祖父境遇好多了。他能读书写字。他的工资比先辈在爱尔兰时的收入高多了。

接下来凯文·汉利1990梦见自己成了他自己的祖父凯文·汉利1945。他正在硫黄岛与死敌日本军队作战。他总是又热又饿又害怕。一天晚上他在散兵坑里与一个朋友讲自己为什么在那儿作战:“这样我的儿子、孙子就能生活在和平安全的环境里。等我回国了,我要勤奋工作,让儿子上大学,这样他就可以干脑力活/L,而不是靠卖苦力生活。”

接着凯文·汉利1990成了他自己的父亲凯文·汉利1966。他终日用功,这样就可以上大学,进法学院。他住在漂亮的房子里。他—…生在和平环境中过着富裕的生活。他对女朋友说,等他有了儿子,他不会像他父亲逼他那样逼自己的儿子整天读书。

就在这时,凯文·汉利1990被自己的梦惊醒了。他离开了爱尔兰,离开了那家钢铁厂,离开了硫黄岛,不由松了口气。他又睡着了。

他接着做梦,这次成了他自己的儿子凯文·汉利2020。枪声日夜不停。他那整个一代人忘却了过去为什么要有法律,因此现在没有法律了。人们丝毫不关心政治,政府不为工人阶级提供服务。

凯文2020的父亲,自然就是凯文1990本人,在日本人开的一家工厂当清洁工。凯文2020在一家专为有钱的欧洲人和亚洲人开的酒店里当行李工。公共教育到六年级为止。美国人早就不再要求自己的孩子接受良好的教育。

凯文1990最后梦见的是他自己的孙子。凯文2050没有有用的技能。日本制造的机器包揽了所有复杂的工作,没有什么体力活可做。没有受过教育,没有受过训练,他挣不到足够的钱养活自己。他住在贫民窟,没有暖气,没有卫生设备,无法不受四邻干扰,靠搜捡破烂度日。

总之,他的生活就像凯文·汉利1835在爱尔兰时一模一样。可是有一天,凯文·汉利2050与一位研究美国衰亡史的来访日本人类学家交上了朋友。那人跟凯文解释说,如果一个人没有钱,教育能提供积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。勤奋、教育、节俭、纪律能成就一切。“我们就是这样从一百多年前你们打败我们的战争废墟中站起来的。”

“美国在战争中打败日本?”凯文2050问道。他惊讶之极。这听起来就像说巴西在1990年打败美国一样不可思议。凯文2050发誓,如果他有孩子的话,他一定要让他们工作、上学、学习并约束自己。“能凭自己的脑力,而不是靠偷窃为生,”他说,“那将会是个奇迹。” 凯文1990醒了过来,身旁放着他的那本《各国的财富》他打开书,跳入眼帘的第一句话就是:“一个不能恰当运用人类智力的人极可能比懦夫更可鄙。” 凯文的父亲走了进来。“好了,儿子,”他说。“咱们去看耳机吧。” “抱歉了,爸爸,”凯文1990说。“我得看书学习了。”

AppendixⅡ

Chinese Translations of Text B(Units 1-8)参考译文 第一单元

成长

课文B 夏天打工时,作者常常替巴卢先生修剪草坪。惟一的问题是,巴卢先生似乎从来没钱支付工钱。然而,他实际上所给予的却远比工钱珍贵。

夏日阅读

迈克尔·多里斯

十四岁那年,我在暑假里替人修剪草坪挣些钱,不出几个星期,我就有了不少客户。客户们种植的花卉我得记住不能剪去,他们会将东西遗落在草地上或故意插在地里,通过这些我逐渐认识了他们。我对大多数客户了解至深,事先就能知道他们会抱怨些什么,哪些特别的要求不能掉以轻心。(1)而且,我从邻居偏爱的付款方式中了解到了一点他们的情况:有的按干的活儿给钱,有的按月支付——或者有的压根儿不付钱。

$2先生属于最后一类,而且他总有理由。有一天他兑不开一张五十元的钞票,又有一天他支票用完了,还有一天我上门时他干脆就溜出去了。撇开钱这档子事,他倒也还是个挺不错的老头,每次看见我,老远就挥手或脱帽致意。我猜他退休金不多,可能出过工伤,整不了自己的园子。没错,我全都记着帐,可我对这点钱并没太在意。(2)也就是剪剪草,何况$2先生住宅外面的那一点草坪修剪起来花不了多少时间。

到了一年中最热的七月中旬,一天傍晚前,我走过他家,他开了门,示意我进去。门厅里凉凉的,帘子遮去了阳光,过了一会儿我的眼睛才适应室内的暗淡光线。“我欠你工钱,”巴卢先生开口道,“不过……” 我想省得他费神找新的借口了,就说,“没事。别放在心上。”

“银行把我的账弄错了,”他没理我的碴儿,接着说。“一两天里就会改过来。在这当儿,我想你不妨挑——两本书作为我的首付款。”

他朝墙那边指了指,我这才发现到处都堆着书。就跟图书馆一样,只不过没有分门别类罢了。“别着急,”巴卢先生鼓动说。“读也好,借也好,留着也行。找你喜欢的。你平常都爱读什么书啊?”

“我不知道。”我的确不知道。我通常是弄到什么就读什么,从药房里买到的平装书,图书馆里借得到的书、杂志,到麦片包装盒背面的说明,还有连环漫画,什么都看。有意识地找出一本特别的书来读对我是件新鲜事,不过我觉得这主意挺不错——于是我开始在书堆中翻找起来。

“这么多书你都读过啊?”

“这不算多,”巴卢先生说。“这根本不算多,只不过是我自己的藏书,都是值得再读——遍的。”

“那就替我找一本吧。”

他眉一抬,头一侧,望着我,就像是在给我量体裁衣似的。过了片刻,他略—“点头,便在一堆书中搜寻,然后递给我一本暗红色封面的精装本,挺厚的。“《最后的正义》,”我念道。“安德烈·施瓦兹巴特著。是讲什么的?” “你来告诉我,”他说。“下个星期。”

晚饭后我坐在室外一张不舒服的餐椅里打开了书。(3)读了几页,院子就消息了,夏夜也消失了;我一下子就进入了二战期间纳粹对犹太人的大屠杀这一令人悲痛的惨剧中,进入了以一个正派人物为代表的善与恶之间非同寻常的冲突中。书译自法文,译文优美朴素,令人不忍释手。天色终于暗了下来,我回到室内,读了一个通宵。时至三—卜年后的今天,我仍清晰地记得当时的经历。那是我初次有心地接触世界文学,我被一部小说所能包含的集聚的力量深深震撼。但我缺乏足够的词汇表达我的情感,因此,第二个星期,当巴卢先生问我“怎么样”时,我只回答说:“书真好。” “那就留着吧,”他说。“要不要我再介绍一本?”

我点点头,拿到了一本平装本的玛格丽特·米德的《萨摩亚人的成年》。

长话短说,无论当年还是次年,巴卢先生分文未付我替他割草的工钱,但我在达特默思大学教了十五年的人类学。(4)盛夏阅读不是我原先认为的仅仅借以消磨时光的娱乐,不是躺在吊床上无忧无虑、打开书本就什么都忘掉的一种消遣(虽然自从那个夏天以来我曾多次以这种方式自娱自乐)。一本书,如果在恰当的时候,恰当的季节,在日常事务的间歇中出现在你的面前,就会改变你此后的人生道路。

第二单元

友谊

课文B 如果我不能挺住的话,我的朋友就会死在那里,老猎手比尔·麦金托什一次又一次地告诫自己。

决不抛弃朋友

吉姆·赫奇森

“下午去看足球赛吗?”比尔·麦金托什问59岁的罗伊斯·韦丁。他们两人正在澳大利亚的虹镇尤里卡饭店喝啤酒。罗伊斯摇摇头。“我答应我妈给我家的一块地烧荒。”

比尔瘦削而结实,79岁,但看上去远没有那么老。他望着外面的炎热空气。——阵轻风自北向南吹,这条件最适宜烧荒了。不过比尔对罗伊斯独自干这活不放心。这个农夫有条腿不好,行走很费劲。

两人曾一起从一个农场走到另一个农场寻些活儿干,迄今已是30年的好朋友了。如今比尔独自一人住在镇东12英里处,靠打狐狸和野兔勉强过活。他两个星期一次前来小镇购物,会会帮着经管自家的农场的罗伊斯。“我帮你一把,”比尔说。

两人坐着罗伊斯的车动身了。没多一会儿他们就颠簸在一条沙土路上,朝一块面积120公顷、杂草丛生的田地开去。“火是除去这玩意儿的惟一办法,”比尔说。他们用根50英尺长的链条把一个旧轮胎绑在牵引杆上。比尔在轮胎上浇透汽油,划根火柴一点,便跳进车里。两人从农田的南边缓缓开车逆风而行,所过之处留下一条燃着的草带。开到地当中,车猛地朝前——颠,没等察觉,就陷进了一个被草遮着的沙堆。

微风突然转向,朝两人身后吹来,而且越吹越强。火仗风势,烧得炽热,一条火带顿时就变成——道火墙,直扑两人而来。“咱们快离开这儿!”罗伊斯说道。他拼命想把车倒出沙堆。可车轮在软沙里越转陷得越深。

火顿时就扑到两人身上。比尔推开车门,却听得一声巨响,油箱爆炸了,车子飞离地面三英尺,他自己则被抛到空中。车子摔回地面后,罗伊斯发现自己被方向盘卡住,动弹不得。这时,车座和车顶也都烧着了。

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