英语语法全面总结

英语语法全面总结（精选6篇）

1.英语语法全面总结 篇一

高二英语语法总结

魔法课

英语语法是一样繁琐的知识，对于处于懒散状态的高二学生来说，更加不想要去背和接触，下面提高了一些关于高二英语语法的总结，希望派上用场。

主谓一致

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。（最基本的）

2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。

3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

4、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with，as well as，together with，along with，like 等引导的介词短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

注意：主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语，谓语要与主语保持一致。

5、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。

7、当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

The New York Times is reading all over the United States.《纽约时报》

8、news，maths，physics，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.9、“the +形容词”(如the poor，the rich，the young，the old，the dead，the sick，the brave 等)作主语，谓语动词往往用复数

10、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

11、由连词not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。（这个就是就近原则）

12、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

13、a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。

14、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。

注意：在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决 于one前是否有the(only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only，就用复数形式。

省略

Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法

以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。

Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法

关系词的省略 关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。

Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略

1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。

2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。

Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略

1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。

2、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。

Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略

用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用

倒装

1.在there be/live/lie句型中用全部倒装: 2.在以there, here, now, then +be/come/go+主语的句子中用全部倒装: 注：如果主语是代词则不用倒装。

3.以off, away, out, in, up, down等副词开头的句子以示强调或为了使情景更生动，句子用全部倒装:

注：如果主语是代词则不用倒装。

4.only, not until所修饰的介词短语、副词或状语从句放在句首时，要部分倒装:

注：①主句倒装，从句不倒装。

②Only+主语置于句首时，不倒装。

5.never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, not, few, little, often, by no means, at no time等放在句首时，要部分倒装:

6.在no sooner…than;not only…but also;hardly/scarcely …when;句型中，前面的句子要部分倒装:

注：not only…but also, neither…nor连接两个主语不倒装。

7.以so, neither, nor开头的句子，表相同概念的肯定或否定时，要全部倒装:

e.g.:

I have never been to Beijing.Nor has he.She is a teacher, so am I.8.so/such…that句型中，把so/such修饰的那部分放在句首时，主句要部分倒装:

9.as引导的让步状语从句，常把表语、状语置于主首，用倒装:

注：如果表语是单数可数名词，该词前一般不加冠词。

Child as he is, he knows a lot.10.省略if的虚拟条件句置于句首时，用倒装:

11.Such作表语放在句首时，表示强调，用倒装:

12.为了保持句子平衡，或使上下文连接更紧，可把介词短语、形容词短语、副词或分词提到主语前，用全部倒装语序:

过去分词与现在分词

一、现在分词和过去分词的构成（形式）

现在分词的构成

主动语态 被动语态

一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

过去分词的构成：done

二、过去分词的用法

过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，只有一种形式。

过去分词用法如下：

1.作定语 和现在分词作定语的用法相同。作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在名词的前面；如果是过去分词短语，要放在名词的后面。

2.作表语

3.作宾语补足语

4.作状语

三、现在分词的用法

1.作定语 作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在名词的前面。如果是分词短语，一般放在名词的后面，它的功用相当于定语从句。

2.作表语

3.作宾语补足语 分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语。可带这种复合宾语的动词有：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep等。

注1：上述句子也可以变为被动式。如：Steam can be seen rising

from the wet clothes.注2：复合宾语中用现在分词和用不定式意义稍有不同。不定式表示动作发生了，指事物的全过程；分词则表示动作正在进行。

Fortune often rewards with interest those that have patience to wait for her.这是一句英文谚语意思是只要有耐心，总会走好运。

2.英语语法全面总结 篇二

一、教学课题

Book4 Unit3 Grammar——V-ing form used as the object complement， predicative and attribute

二、教学目标

1.知识目标：掌握V-ing作宾补、表语和定语的用法。

2.能力目标：提高灵活运用V-ing的能力。

3.情感目标：通过探究、合作学习培养团队精神，体验学习语法的乐趣。

三、教学重难点

区别V-ing form的各种用法并加以灵活运用。

四、教学方法

讲练结合完成六个环节的任务，小组合作完成游戏环节。

五、教学过程

1.Watching the film makes a lot of people excited.

2.A lot of people enjoy watching the film.

3.The actors and the actress are charming.

4.The fascinating film is popular with the audience.

5.Their subtle acting makes the film attracting .

设计说明：用图配文，呈现5个含有V-ing的句子，让学生在情景中复习已学V-ing作主语、宾语的用法（头两句），初步感知V-ing作表语、定语和宾补的用法（后三句），导入新课。

Step2.Exploring

1.My job is teaching English.Teaching English is interesting.

2.His job is acting.His acting is so amusing.

设计说明：通过展示作者自己的照片和憨豆先生的图，呈现V-ing作表语的句子，引导学生探索规律，小结V-ing form作表语的常用词，如astonishing， amusing等。

1.A swimming man is in a swimming pool.

2.A walking man carries a walking stick.

3.The man swimming in the pool is Tom.

=The man who is swimming in the pool is Tom.

4.The man walking in the picture carries a stick.

=The man who is walking in the picture carries a stick.

设计说明：通过动感的图对比例句中不同的V-ing形式的用法，引导学生区别动名词和现在分词，然后做句型转换练习，使学生发现、比较、领悟V-ing作定语的形式、意义和用法。

Step4.Listening and learning

Listen to a song Love written by John Lennon， focusing on the V-ing form in the lyrics（歌词）.Try to fill in the blanks.

Love is feeling， feeling love； Love is wanting to be loved；

Love is reaching， reaching love； Love is asking to be loved；

Love is knowing； Love is living， living love；

Love is needing to be loved.

设计说明：让学生在新鲜而又真实的任务驱动下，保持最佳学习状态，感受在英文歌曲中学习语法的巨大乐趣。

Step5.Experiencing

1.We watch five kids running towards us in the picture.

2.We find the picture cheering.

3.The child has the cat keeping something in mind.

4.We see the child teaching the cat a lesson.

设计说明：选择生动、有趣的图片辅助看图造句，然后让学生体验、小结V-ing作宾补的用法。

Step6.Practising （课本21页中的短文填词练习）

设计说明：精心选出课本中涉及V-ing的练习，引导学生溯本追源，在语篇中运用语法。

六、教学反思

3.高一英语语法总结 篇三

(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2)Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.

错误表达：ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.

(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.

错误表达：Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.

(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.

错误表达：Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.

(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?

4.初一英语语法总结 篇四

连词while除具有“当时”、“同时”等意义外，根据上下文还有以下不同含义及其不同译法。

一、引导时间状语从句

译作“当……时”。例如：

1. Make hay while the sun shines.

趁着有太阳晒晒草。

(乘机行事，抓紧时机。)

2. We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young.

趁着现在还年轻，我们必须刻苦学习，获得更多的知识。

二、引导让步状语从句

常放在句首，译作“尽管”、“虽然”，比although或 though语气要轻。例如：

1. While I believe it is true, I cannot prove it.

虽然我相信那是真的，但我无法证明。

2. While any kind of athletic shoe can provide a certain amount of rebound,

energy-return sneakers are designed to maximize this effect.

虽然任何一种运动鞋都能提供一定的反弹力，但回力运动鞋能够使这种效果最大化。

三、引导条件状语从句

相当于as long as，译作“只要”。例如：

1. While there is life, there is hope.

有生命，就有希望。

2. While a spark of life remains, it is a doctors duty to save the patient.

只要病人还有一息生机，医生就有责任挽救。

四、引导原因状语从句

相当于since， 有“既然”的意思。例如：

1. Youll never save any money while youre so extravagant.

你这么奢侈，永远存不下钱来。

2. Id like to get it settled today while were at it.

既然我们着手干了，我想今天就把它干完。

五、连接并列句

表示对比，相当于whereas，译作“而”、“可是”。例如：

1. An outdoors man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on a tan after a short vacation in the sun.

从事室外工作的人如果调到室内工作，不久肤色就会变白;而一个伏案工作的文员出去度个短假，就会被太阳变黑。

2. Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.

运动是绝对的，而静止是相对的。

六、连接并列句

表示递进，相当于and what is more, 译作“并且”、“而且”。例如：

1. The new man-made fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.

新的人造纤维比天然纤维耐磨，因此能大大减少修补工作，而且做好的衣服价廉物美，数量也多。

2. Of course, I resolutely determined not to marry, while I quite forgot to consider at all that great rock of disaster in the working-class world-- sickness.

当然, 我下定决心不结婚，而且把工人阶级的巨大灾难——疾病，也忘得一干二净。

5.初二英语语法总结（范文） 篇五

一.知识点总结： 一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。

be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.will do 结构表示将来的用法：

1.表示预见

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.2.表示意图

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成：

（1）will+主语+do„? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?

（2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be „?

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will./ No, there won‟t

否定句构成：will + not（won’t）+do

Sarah won‟t come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑问句构成：

特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋„？What will Sarah do next Sunday?

根据例句，用will改写下列各句

例：I don’t feel well today.（be better tomorrow）

I‟ll be better tomorrow.1.Gina has six classes today.（have a lot of homework tonight）

_____________________________

2.I’m tired now.（sleep later）

_____________________________

3.My parents need a new car.（buy one soon）

_____________________________

4.We can’t leave right now.（leave a little later）

_____________________________

5.The weather is awful today.（be better tomorrow）

_____________________________ 答案：1.She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.2.I‟ll sleep later.3.They‟ll buy one soon.4.We‟ll leave a little later.5.Maybe it‟ll be better tomorrow.（二）should的用法：

should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not.例如：I think you should eat less junk food.我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。

She drives a lot and she seldom walks.So I think she should walk a lot.她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。

Students shouldn‟t spend too much time playing computer games.学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。

学习向别人提建议的几种句式：

（1）I think you should„

（2）Well, you could„

（3）Maybe you should „

（4）Why don’t you„?

（5）What about doing sth.?

（6）You’d better do sth.用should或shouldn’t填空

1.I can‟t sleep the night before exams.You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.2.Good friends ______ argue each other.3.There is little milk in the glass.We _______ buy some.4.They didn‟t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.5.I am a little bit overweight.So I think I _______ do exercises every day.答案：1.should 2.shouldn’t 3.should 4.should 5.should

（三）过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。

1.构成

was /were + doing，例如：

I was watching TV at 9 o‟clock last night.at 9 o’clock last night是时间点

They were playing football all afternoon.all afternoon是时间段

2.过去进行时的标志词

at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：

I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。

At that time she was writing a book.那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books.2.At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party.3.When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook.4.She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon.5.I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday.答案：1.was reading 2.were having 3.came;was reading

4.was playing;was cooking 5.was having;called

（四）间接引语 形成步骤：

（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号

（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）

（3）要考虑时态的变化

（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。

1.直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时

2.直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律 直接引语

1.am / is 2.are

3.have / has 4.will 5.can 6.may 间接引语 1.was 2.were

3.had 4.would 5.could 6.might 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.She said I _____（be）hard-working.2.Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday.3.She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday.4.Bobby said he _____（may）call me later.5.Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then.答案：1.was 2.was 3.went 4.might 5.was reading

请转述他人说的话：

1.I go to the beach every Saturday.（Tom）

2.I can speak three languages.（Lucy）

3.I will call you tomorrow.（Mike）

4.I’m having a surprise party for Lana.（she）

（五）if引导的条件状语从句

结构：if＋一般现在时，主语＋将来时 含义：如果„„，将要„„

例如：If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请求他，他会帮助你。

If need be, we‟ll work all night.如果需要，我们就干个通宵。

根据中文提示，完成句子。

1.如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。

If you ________ the party, you __________.2.如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。

If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.3.如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。

If you often ________, you _________________.答案：

1.If you go to the party, you will have a good time

2.If it rains tomorrow, we won‟t go to the picnic

3.If you often listen to English songs, you‟ll like English

二.完形填空特点及解题思路

（一）题型分类与特点

完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。

1.完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150－200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。

2.选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。（A）

Jack wanted to ask for two days off，he had only learnt the phrase（短语）“have a day off”.He , then he had an idea.“Grandmother is ill.May I have a day off, ? ”he asked the teacher.“Of course, you can.”replied（答复）the teacher at once.After a while, the boy came to

at the teacher‟s door.“May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn‟t you

it just now? ”“Yes, sir.But I can‟t be here , either.”The teacher understood him and could not help.Then he said with a smile, “Why didn‟t you say„May I have two days off? ‟”The boy answered quickly

a loud voice.“But you only

us„have a day off!‟”（）1.A.but

B.and

C.or

D.for（）2.A.thought hardly

B.thought hard and hard

C.hard thought

D.thought and thought（）3.A.Miss B.sir

C.teacher D.Mr（）4.A.strike B.best

C.hit

D.knock（）5.A.also B.again

C.too

D.once（）6.A.speak B.tell

C.say

D.do（）7.A.tomorrow

B.the day after tomorrow

C.yesterday

D.the day before yesterday

（）8.A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughed D.laughing（）9.A.with B.on

C.in

D.by（）10.A.teach B.taught

C.are teaching D.were teaching

（B）

请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完整，有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。

than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what

A generation gap（代沟）has become a serious problem.I read a _______（1）about it in the newspaper.Some children have killed _______（2）after quarrels（争吵）with parents.I think this is _______（3）they don’t have a good talk with each other.Parents now spend _______（4）time in the office._______（5）they don’t have much time to stay with their children.As time passes, they both feel _______（6）they don’t have the same topics（话题）to talk about.I want to _______（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them.And for children, show your feeling _______（8）your parents.They are the people who _______（9）you.So tell them your thoughts（想法）.In this way, you can have a better _______（10）of each other.完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是：

1.跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。

2.结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。

3.瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。

4.复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。完形填空试题的一般解题思路是：

1.跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。

2.复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。

3.三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

（三）课文阅读指导

1.初中阅读

阅读理解能力

（1）理解主旨要义

（2）理解文中具体信息

（3）根据上下文猜测生词的意义

（4）做出简单判断的推理

（5）理解文章的基本结构

（6）理解作者的意图和态度

2.培养良好阅读习惯

（1）扩大视距

（2）克服声读

（3）克服逐字读

3.猜测词文

（1）通过标题或主题句进行预测

（2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预测，以便正确理解。

（3）通过语篇标记进行预测

（4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。

（5）利用背景知识预测

（6）利用图片进行预测

【模拟试题】（答题时间：80分钟）一.选择填空。

（）1.Beijing won the chances _________ the 2008 Olympics.A.to host

B.host

C.hosting D.hosted（）2.Tiger Woods can make billions ______ dollars a year.A.for B.with C.of D.on（）3.－You looked so beautiful at the party.－_______.A.No, I don‟t think so

B.Of course

C.Thank you very much

D.No, I‟m not beautiful

（）4.The text is very easy for you.There are ______ new words in it.A.a few B.a little C.few D.little（）5.In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________ “Who Moved My cheese”was an interesting book.A.that B.what C.how D.if（）6.－In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think.－I don’t agree.Speaking is _______ reading.A.as important as B.so important as

C.the more important D.the most important（）7.If he ________ harder, he’ll catch up with us.A.work B.works C.worked D.will work（）8.The manager ________ that the business would be worse after the stock（股票）went down.A.talked B.told C.said D.spoke（）9.We should keep _________ in the reading-room.A.quiet B.quietly C.quite D.quickly（）10.－I think everything goes on well.－_______.A.So I do B.I do so C.So do I

D.So is I

（）11.If you want to watch TV, you may turn _______.A.down B.it on C.on it D.it off

（）12.I’m sorry I haven’t got any money.I’ve ________ my handbag at home.A.missed B.left C.put D.forgotten（）13.He is listening to the music _______ she is washing clothes.A.after B.before C.that D.while（）14.It takes ________ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.A.more B.fewer C.longer D.less（）15.－Excuse me.Have you got an eraser?

－Sorry, I haven’t.Why _______ you ask Mary? Perhaps she’s got one.A.do B.don‟t C.did D.didn‟t

二.选择恰当的答语。

_____1.What were you doing when the UFO landed?

A.Your teacher won‟t let you in._____2.Will people use paper

B.He said I couldn‟t stay out late.money in the future?

_____3.I can‟t sleep, what should I do?

C.I was doing my homework._____4.If I wear jeans to school，D.No, they won‟t.Everyone

what will happen?

will have a credit card._____5.What did your father say?

E.You should listen to some

relaxing music.三.根据汉语提示填空：

1.不知道该怎么办，你能给我点建议吗？

I don‟t know __________ to do, can you give me some _______?

2.外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给警察打了个电话。

While the alien was _______ a souvenir, I ________ the police.3.我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。

On my way home from school, I saw a cat get ________ _______ a window.4.我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件事情。

I don‟t want to talk _________ it with you _________ the phone.5.我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。

We are going to have a _______ party for John ________ Friday evening.四.完形填空：

把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完整。

Three men went up in a balloon（气球）.They started early in London.The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio.Soon they heard the sea.They were carrying the usual rope（绳子）, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon.At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box.This could hold water, or it could be empty.So.It was for use over the sea.They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher.It went up to 3,000 metres, and.The water in the balloon became ice.Snow fell past the men‟s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground., but it was hard.They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy.The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand.One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket.It was still snowing;so.They rose to 5,100 metres!Everything became icy.They were so cold that they decided to land.They came down in Poland heavily but safely.They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London!A.The men tried to throw out some more sand

B.they were able to change its weight（重量）

C.They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.D.they climbed to get away from the snow E.the air there was very cold

五.阅读理解（A）

Einstein Was Waiting for His Friend

Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge.He was thinking a oblem.While he was waiting, it began to rain.The rain kept on for some time.When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining.His clothes had become wet.But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.Many scientists are not careful with their lives.This is because they are too careful with their studies.1.What did Einstein do? He was ______.A.a doctor B.a teacher C.a scientist

2.Why was Einstein on a bridge.A.Because he was writing something on the bridge.B.Because he was waiting for a friend.C.Because he was thinking.3.It rained _________.A.sometimes B.for some time C.for a long time

4.Einstein ________ and began to write something on it.A.bought a piece of paper.B.took a piece of paper from his car.C.took out a piece of paper from his pocket.5.Which is true?

A.Einstein was careful with his work.B.Einstein was careful with his clothes.C.Einstein was careful with his friends.（B）

生活中总会有许多意外事故发生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。请阅读下面材料，根据1－5小题所描述的救护方法，从A-G七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画（本题共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多选不给分。）

1.If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once.The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way.Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.2.If the person is bleeding（流血）badly, you must try to stop the bleeding.Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.3.If you are bitten（cut by teeth）by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water.Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth.Then see a doctor as soon as possible.4.If you are burnt（hurt by fire or something very hot）, cool the burnt part at once.Run cool（not cold）water over the burn until it is less painful.Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part.5.If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because it‟s very dangerous.The lift may get trapped between floors.Use the stairs and leave the building at once.1._____2._____3._____4._____5._____ Here are some pictures to choose.六.写作：

（从下列2封来信中选择一封写回信。）Dear friend，There will be a party this weekend.All my friends are invited to the party except me.I am angry.And I don‟t know why they didn‟t invite me!What do you think? Can you help me? Upset

Dear friend，I am a new student in Grade One, but my English is too bad.Yesterday I had an English test and my grade was just so so.I want to improve my English.What should I do? Could you give me some advice? Looking for help

Dear _______，_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.【试题答案】

（A）1.A 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B

6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.B（B）1.report 2.themselves 3.because

4.much / more 5.So 6.that 7.tell

8.to 9.love 10.understanding 参考练习答案：

一.1.A 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.D

6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C

11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B 二.1.C 2.D 3.E 4.A 5.B 三.1.what, advice 2.buying, called

6.活化英语语法教学 篇六

一、创设教学情境

如果老师一味奉行“满堂灌”模式, 只是为了语法而教语法，学生就会觉得语法枯燥乏味。反之，创造并利用真实的情景，开辟英语语言环境，能使语法教学更形象、更直观、更真实和更有趣，能激发学生学习英语的积极性，使他们学得快，记得牢，用得活。

1. 直观实物、图片、简笔画等的合理有效利用可以打破时间和空间的限制，有助于我们在生动的情景中进行语法教学，让学生在生活化的情形中感受和领略语法的魅力和内涵。比如，教学“过去分词做定语”的用法时，教师可以展示破玩具、坏茶杯、用过的邮票等实物，同时介绍“a broken toy/cup”“a used stamp”。在观察描述兴奋、害怕等表情的图画、照片或简笔画时引入“excited fans”“a frightened boy”。

2. 充分挖掘教学现场的人员和设备等素材，利用即时当地的情形，让学生在对外界刺激的反应中认识语法结构，理解语法规则，掌握语法规律。学生普遍反映“V.+ing”的知识抽象难懂，学起来困难重重。课堂上，教师可邀请一些同学合作，一位翩翩起舞，一位深情歌唱，一位表演运动姿势，并配以解说和互动：“We can see Jane dancing. We are delighted to hear John singing. Shall we keep Amy performing like that?”這样，语法的难度得以降低，知识的习得也就非常实际，非常有效。另外，表露不同的脸色和表情，有意识地变化语音语调，适时地运用体态语言，开展适宜的小游戏等有助于提高语法课堂的趣味性，激发学生学习的积极性和主动性。

3. 以多媒体电脑辅助教学，能大容量、高密度、多手段地对学生进行语法信息传输，使语法教学进入崭新的天地。它通过直观、生动、新颖的图像、动（漫）画、声音、文本等方式，刺激学生感官，提高学生兴趣，激发学生思维，最大限度地发挥学生的主体作用，提高语法教学效果。高中学生喜欢欣赏、歌唱英文歌曲，利用歌词来呈现语法点能够迅速抓住学生的心，使他们立刻进入求知的状态。如歌曲“Right Here Waiting” 可以提取为让步状语从句的代表性素材：“Wherever you go，whatever you do，I will be right here waiting for you. Whatever it takes，or how my heart breaks， I will be right here waiting for you.”

在学唱2004年雅典奥运会火炬传递主题歌 “Pass The Flame” 时，我带领学生总结并学习歌词里面的与祈使句有关的知识点：pass the flame， unite the world， bring us all together， reach out, hold out your hands等。学生在经典旋律的感染中，收到了语法学习的良好效果。此外，播放英文电影片段、剪辑或视频，语法知识的交际功能让人过目不忘。电影“Without Limits”有一句台词：“I don’t want to win unless I know I’ve done my best.”（除非我知道我已经做到最好了，否则我是不会想着赢的。）句中unless的运用记忆起来感觉十分轻松，语法教学变生动了，学生们变活泼了，对语法有了期盼。课件教学通过不同的自定义运用产生不同的效果，如闪烁、螺旋、颜色对比等，大量的感性材料给学生以强烈的感官刺激，从而形成深刻的记忆。强调句型、主谓一致、主从复合句等的教学适宜运用以上方法。

二、在语篇中进行语法教学

人们都是在一定语境中交流思想和获取信息的。比如，只有在语篇中才可能断定“Our laboratory demands change.” 的谓语是demands 还是change。教师在教授语法知识、巩固练习时，要重视以语篇为载体，培养学生把单句放入语篇，选用适合语境的语法形式的意识，并引导学生关注语境如何决定语言形式选择的语法现象。在实际的语言使用中培养语法整体意识，提高正确运用语法知识的能力。可精选代表性的语篇，若语篇反复出现了所学内容如“虚拟语气”，学生阅读该语篇时，可根据上下文的联系、前后内容的过渡或转换、作者的态度，不断地体会虚拟语气在语篇中的形式、语义和语用，找出它的规律。

三、加强实践，通过完成任务体会、运用语法

以学生为中心，强调运用、强调实践，在做中学。教师应利用一切机会让学生通过实践学习、掌握语法的形式、语义和语用，如思考、发表观点、对话、讲故事、口头作文、交流合作等。听一位同学介绍自己如何种树，然后要大家用被动语态进行转换描述，该训练比无意义的机械模仿和简单的重复要有效得多。直接引语和间接引语的教学则可以安排学生在原地或异地进行转述、对话。教学倒装句时，可提供照片，要求学生用倒装句就一次交通事故写一篇短文：“躺在地上的是一位老人。当时他骑车下来。转弯时，一辆汽车快速开来，他被刮倒在地。不但老人的车破了，汽车也撞上了旁边一棵树。”在语言的输出活动中，把知识和技能融为一体，体现学以致用。胡春洞教授认为，实践性强的语言知识，特别是语法知识，可使学生越学越明白，越学越容易，越学越轻松，从而能激发学生深层的、持久的学习兴趣。因此，语法教学在任何情况下、任何阶段都不能淡化。

总之，依据学生的实际和教学内容的需要，创造真实的语法情境，设计层次合理、难度适中的任务和要求，采取有效手段，引导学生在实际交际中学习和运用语法，活化语法教学的目的是可以达到的，教学效果的提高指日可待。