say动词的过去式(共10篇)(共10篇)
1.say动词的过去式 篇一
不规则动词的过去式(初二)
1.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。过去分词不变.如:
become—became, come—came
2.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam,sink—sank,3.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,shine—shone,win—won,write—wrote
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
6.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
7.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
8.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
9.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:
sell—sold,tell—told
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕,say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕,dream—dreamt 〔dremt〕
13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕,set—set
14.动词的过去式有两种形式。如:
dream—dreamed/ dreamt
learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined smell—smelt/ smelled
wake—woke/ waked
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had hide—hid,hold—held,lay—laid,leave—left,lie—lay,lose—lost,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,smell—smelt,take—took,wake—woke,wear—wore
2.say动词的过去式 篇二
一、助动词avoir和être
法语的复合过去时由助动词avoir或者être+p.p(动词的过去分词)构成,那么到底是什么情况下用avoir,什么情况下用être呢?教科书上已经很清楚地列出来了:所有的及物动词及大部分的不及物动词用avoir作助动词,小部分的不及物动词及全部的代词式动词用être作助动词。很多初学者已经对这两句话倒背如流,但是在实际使用过程中还是经常出错,为什么?要怎么样才能尽量避免这些错误呢?
1. 小部分的不及物动词用être作助动词,这一点初学者尤其难把握,在这里我帮大家总结了一下。
这“小部分”不及物动词主要集中在一些表示位置移动和状况变化的词,如venir来aller, entrer进入/sortir走出,arriver到达/partir离开,na觘tre出生mourir死亡,monter上/descendre下,tomber倒下,rester停留。另外我们可以总结出几个结构相同的词一起记忆,如venir revenir/devenir, entrer/rentrer。掌握了一定的规律,可以帮助快速记住这“少部分”动词。
2. 对一些常用的动词,一定要搞清楚到底是及物动词,还是不及物动词。
看看以下几处错误,并做具体分析:
J’ai entréla chambre.我走进房间。
这个错误对于初学者非常常见,主要是因为在英语单词中enter是一个及物动词,这句话如果用英语表达为I entered the room.房间就是直接宾语;而法语的entrer是一个不及物动词,正确的表达是Je suis entré(e) dans la chambre.后边的dans la chambre是地点状语。
再来看另外一个错误的例子:Les voyageurs fran觭ais son quittéGuangzhou hier.法国游客昨天离开了广州。
这一错误表达也很常见,初学者以为quitter(离开)是一个和位置移动有关的动词,因此选用了être作助动词,但是他忽略了quitter是及物动词,Guangzhou是它的直接宾语,助动词应该用avoir,所以这句话正确的表达是Les voyageurs fran觭ais on quittéGuangzhou hier.在法语中quitter, partir, s’en aller这三个词都有表示“离开,走了”的含义,但quitter是及物动词,partir是不及物动词,s’en aller是代词式动词。因此用quitter的时候要用avoir作助动词,用partir和s’en aller则要用être作助动词:
Les voyageurs fran觭ais ont quittéGuangzhou hier.
Les voyageurs sont partis hier.
Les voyageurs se sont allés hier
再来看看这句话:Je suis visitéla France l’année dernière*-我去年参观游览了法国。这句话也犯了和上一句话同样的错误, 因为visiter是及物动词, 所以应该选用avoir作助动词:J’ai visitéla France l’année dernière.
另外我们要特别注意:有些动词,像monter, descendre, sortir, passer既可以作及物动词,又可以作不及物动词,当它们是及物动词的时候,助动词用avoir;是不及物动词的时候,助动词则要用être:
Je suis montédans le train.我上了火车。(monter在这里是不及物动词)
J’ai montéla valise dans le train.我把行李箱搬上了火车。(monter在这里是及物动词,la valise是它的直接宾语)
Je suis descendu du train.我下了火车。(descendre在这里是不及物动词)
J’ai descendu la valise du train。我把行李箱搬下了火车。(descendre在这里是及物动词,la valise是它的直接宾语)
Il est sorti de son bureau.他走出办公室。(sortir在这里是不及物动词)
Il a sorti un papier.他拿出了一张纸(sortir在这里是及物动词,un papier是它的直接宾语)
J’ai passémes vacances d’étédans le sud.(passer在这里是及物动词,mes vacances是它的直接宾语)
Je suis passé(e) chez toi hier.我昨天去过你家。(passer在这里是不及物动词)
二、复合过去时动词过去分词的性数配合问题
复合过去时的性数配合是困扰初学者的另外一个难题。上文已经简单总结了法语复合过去时助动词avoir和être在使用时应注意的问题,下面就对用avoir和être作助动词,动词的过去分词性数配合应该注意什么问题进行分析。
1. 用avoir作助动词的时候,过去分词和前置的直接宾语的性数保持一致,前置的宾语包括名词和直接宾语人称代词。
我们来看看下边几个例句。
J’ai achetéune belle robe hier.我昨天买了一条漂亮的连衣裙。
J’aime cette robe, je l’ai achetée hier.(l’=cette robe)我喜欢这条连衣裙,我昨天买下了(它)。
Il aime bien la robe que j’ai achetée hier.他很喜欢我昨天买的那条连衣裙。
以上三个例句,第一句直接宾语une belle robe在动词的后面,因此动词的过去分词acheté不需要进行性数配合。后两句直接宾语l’和la robe出现在动词的前面,所以过去分词achetée要作阴性的配合。同样道理如下。
J’ai achetédes pantalons.我买了几条裤子。
J’aime ces pantalons, je les ai achetés hier. (les=ces pantalons) 我很喜欢这几条裤子, 我昨天买下了 (它们) 。
Il aime bien les pantalons que j’ai achetés hier.他很喜欢我昨天买的那几条裤子。
第一句直接宾语des pantalons在动词的后面,因此动词的过去分词acheté不需要进行性数配合。后两句直接宾语les和les pantalons出现在动词的前面,所以过去分词achetés要作复数的配合。
但是特别注意,如果是副代词en作直接宾语代替“不定冠词des或者部分冠词+名词”时,动词的过去分词就不需要和en代替的词进行性数配合。我们看下面的例句。
Combien de revues M.Wang a-t-il apportées auxétudiants?Il leur en a apportétrois.王先生给学生们带来了多少本杂志?给他们带来了三本。
前半句因为是直接宾语revues是名词,而且出现在动词的前面,所以过去分词apportées要与之作阴性复数的配合,后半句的en虽然代替的是des revues,而且出现在动词的前面,但过去分词不需要作性数配合。
2. 用être作助动词的时候,过去分词通常和主语的性数保持一致。
Les voyageurs sont arrivés hier.游客们昨天到了。
Nous sommes entrés dans le musée.我们走进了博物馆。
Elle se lèveàsept heures tous les jours, mais elle s’est levéeàneuf heures ce matin.她平常七点起床, 但今天她九点才起床。
但是注意:代词式动词的过去分词,如果自反代词是直接宾语,过去分词就和主语性数配合;但如果自反代词是间接宾语,过去分词就没有性数变化:
Elle s’est lavée dans la rivière.她在河里洗澡。(这里自反代词是直接宾语,所以过去分词lavée要作阴性的配合)
Elle s’est lavéles mains.她洗手。(这里les mains是直接宾语,自反代词se是间接宾语)
Nous nous sommes rencontrés dans la rue hier (rencontrer qn.) et nous nous sommes dit bonjour. (dire bonjouràqn) 我们昨天在街上相遇了, 还互相打了招呼。
Nous nous sommesécrit avant.(écrireàqn.)我们以前曾互相写信。
Nous nous sommes parlélongtemps.(parleràqn.)我们互相谈了很长时间。
参考文献
[1]李志清.新大学法语[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2003.
[2]孙辉.简明法语教程 (修订版) [M].北京:商务印书馆, 2006.
3.say动词的过去式 篇三
(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“-ed ”。(然而要注意的`是,过去分词并不是过去式)
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d ”。
live---lived---lived
(3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 “y” 变为 “i” ,再加“-ed”。
study—studied—studied,cry—cried—cried,try—tried—tried,fry—fried—fried.
(4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“-ed”。
stop—stopped—stopped,drop—dropped—dropped
★ Lead过去式和过去分词是什么
★ is加动词过去分词是什么时态
★ shoot的过去式和过去分词是什么
★ ask的过去式和过去分词
★ lie的过去式过去分词
★ greet的过去式和过去分词
★ read的过去式和过去分词
★ rewind的过去式和过去分词
★ may的过去式和过去分词
4.say动词的过去式 篇四
1.一般直接在此为加-s,-s在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/, ds读/dz/, ts读/ts 如 help
helps/s/
know
knows/z/
get
gets/s/
read
reads/z/ 2.以字母s, x, ch, sh或有些以o 结尾的动词加-es,-es 读 /iz/, 如 guess
guesses
fix
fixes
teach
teaches
wash
washes 注意:go
goes/z/
do
does /z/ 3.辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es,-ies读/iz/ carry
carries
fly
flies
注意:在play---plays,say----says中,字母y前为元音字母,第三人称单数形式直接在动词后加-s 4.特俗词例外
5.be动词的第三人称单数分别为am, is, are, have则为has 注意:以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是/s/,/z/,加-s后,字母”e”发音,与所加-s一起读作/iz/,如 close
closes/iz/ 动词的ing变化规则:
1.一般情况直接加ing,如 look—looking
go---going visit---visiting 2.以不发音的e结尾的,去e再加ing,如 come---coming
make---making write---writing 3.以重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母的,双写该辅音字母,再加ing,如 run---running
stop---stopping get---getting swim---swimming begin---beginning 4.以辅音字母加y结尾的,直接加ing,如
study---studying
carry---carrying
fly---flying cry---crying 5.以ie结尾的重度开音节动词,先变ie为y,再加ing,如 die---dying
tie---tying
lie---lying 动词的过去式变化规则:
1.规则变化
(1)一般直接在动词后加ed,-ed在清辅音后读/t/, 在浊辅音及元音后读/d,/-ed在/t//d/后读/id/,如
call---called open---opened look---looked
want---wanted /id/ need---needed /id/(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的,直接加-d,如
live---lived move---moved hope---hoped(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-ed,(注意:如果是元音字母加y结尾的,还是直接加-ed,如,play---played,enjoy---enjoyed)如 study---studied cry---cried try---tried
(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed,如
plan---planned fit---fitted stop---stopped
2.不规则变化(要特俗记忆),以下是一些常见的动词的过去式 am,is-was
are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got, go-went
come-came
have/has-had eat-ate,take-took
run-ran
put-put make-made
read-read
write-wrote
draw-drew drink-drank fly-flew
ride-rode speak-spoke sweep-swept
swim-swam
sit-sat
hear-heard sleep-slept
let-let blow-blew
hurt-hurt
speak-spoke
buy-bought keep-kept swim-swam
eat-ate catch-caught know-knew stand-stood
choose-chose lie-lay
leave-left draw-drew teach –taught drink-drank make-made tell-told
think-thought mean-meant
feel-felt
drive-drove meet-met
write –wrote
find-found fly-flew
forget-forgot ring-rang see-saw
ride-rode grow-grew
sing-sang/sung begin-began learn-learned/learnt
可数名词变复数的规则:
1.规则变化:
(1)一般情况下,在词尾加-s,如book---books
boy---boys(2)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es,如bus---buses
watch---watches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-es,如city---cities
family---families(4)以-f或-fe结尾的分两类,一类直接加-s,另一类大多数情况下,将-f或-fe改为v,再加-es,如,roof---roofs belief---beliefs leaf---leaves life---lives knife---knives 2.不规则变化
(1)元音字母发生变化
man---men tooth---teeth goose---geese(2)词尾变化
child---children mouse---mice(3)单复数同形
sheep---sheep deer---deer fish---fish
另附清辅音与浊辅音:
清辅音:
[p]
[t]
[k]
[f]
[s]
[θ]
[∫]
[ts]
[t∫]
[tr]
[h]
浊辅音:[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [r]
音节分为开音节和闭音节,3.开音节又分为相对开音节和绝对开音节
5.say动词的过去式 篇五
A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.
cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----put
let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit
shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read 读音 /e/
lie---lied---lied 说谎 lay---laid---laid 放置,下蛋
lay--- lain 躺下,位于,平放
eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.
She _____ her books on the table. ____
B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同
1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是[ :t]
bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----bought
catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught
2. 动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词。
get----got----got sell----sold----sold tell----told----told
3. 动词原形中i为a, … sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat
4. 动词原形中i为o, …win----won----won shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined
5. 动词原形中an为oo, … stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood
6. 动词原形中的ay为ai,… say----said----said pay----paid----paid
7. a)动词原形中的d为t,… send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent
spend----spent----spent build----built----built
b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , … smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lost
c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, …learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant 读音/e/
d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/
feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----sleptsweep---swept----swept
keep---- kept----- kept
其它meet----met----met have----had----had hold----held----held
make----made----made dig----dug----dug hear----heard----heard
find----found----found hang----hung ----hung
C.原型与过去分词相同
come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----become
D. 原形,过去式, 和 过去分词完全不同
1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式,改成u变成过去分词.
begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung
swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung
2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式,在原形词尾加n变成过去分词.
blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---known
throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown ( 和以上相似)
3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类.
a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式,在词尾加n变成过去分词.
drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen write---wrote---written (双写t )
ride----rode----ridden (双写d )
b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.
speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken
c ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词.
wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen
choose----chose----chosenforget----forgot----forgotten (双写t,加en )
d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词
eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beatenfall----fell----fallen
give----gave----given see----saw----seen take----took----taken
mistake---- mistook----- mistaken hide----hid----hidden (双写d )
E. 没有过去分词的动词
can ----- could -may---- might - shall---- should- will ---- would -
其它
am, is ---- was----- been are-----were----- been do-----did----- done
draw-----drew----- drawn/ :/ go-----went----- gone show----showed----shown
wear--- wore ---- worn
不规则动词的过去式 (初二)
不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律,总结如下:
1. 把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。过去分词不变.如:
become-became, come-came
2.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin-began,drink-drank,give-gave,ring-rang,sing-sang,sit-sat,swim-swam ,sink-sank,
3.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive-drove,ride-rode,shine-shone,win-won,write-wrote
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:
get-got,forget-forgot
5.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:
keep-kept,sleep-slept,sweep-swept
6. 动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:
stand-stood,understand-understood
7.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw-drew,grow-grew,know-knew,throw-threw(动词show除外,show-showed)
8.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:
break-broke,speak-spoke
9.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:
sell-sold,tell-told
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是[ :t]的过去式。如:
bring-brought,buy-bought,think-thought,catch-caught,teach-taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为[ud]的情态动词过去式。如:
can-could,shall-should,will-would
12.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear[hi ]-heard[h :d], say[sei]-said[sed],
mean[mi:n]-meant[ment], dream-dreamt [dremt]
13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
cut-cut, hit-hit, hurt-hurt, let-let,must-must,
put-put,read-read[red],set-set
14. 动词的过去式有两种形式。如:
dream-dreamed/ dreamt learn-learnt/ learned shine-shone/ shined
smell-smelt/ smelled wake-woke/ waked
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is-was,are-were,build-built,do-did,eat-ate,fall-fell,
feel-felt,find-found,fly-flew,go-went,have /has- had,hide-hid,
hold-held,lay-laid,leave-left,lie-lay,lose-lost,make-made,may-
might,run-ran,see-saw, smell-smelt,take-took,wake-woke,
wear-wore
经过这么一指点,初二上册所学的不规则动词过去式就一目了然了,相信同学们很快就能把它们记下来,并且一定会有事半功倍的效果。
教师寄语:
没有非常的精力和工作能力便不可能成为天才,既没有精力也没有工作能力的所谓天才,不过是一个,或者是一张只能到月球上去兑现的支票而已,但是,哪里有超乎平常人的精力与工作能力,哪里就有天才。
6.非谓语动词中的过去分词练习 篇六
1._____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most
of the city.A.To see B.Seen C.Seeing D.See 2.All things _____, the planned trip will have to be called off.A.be considered B.considering C.having considered D.considered 3.______ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.A.Saw;frightened B.Seen;frightened C.To see;frightening D.Seeing;frightened 4.Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A.When taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken 5.The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.begun C.beginning D.having begun 6._____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.A.being founded B.Founded C.It was founded D.Founding 7.If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly _____.A.supposed B.supposing C.to suppose D.suppose 8._____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 9.In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _____ my study.A.locking B.to lock C.locked D.being locked 10._____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A.When compared B.Compare C.While comparing D.Comparing 11.Mrs.Bush stood ______ for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.A.surprised B.surprising C.being surprised D.to be surprised 12.____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A.Leaving B.Left C.To be left D.Having left 13._____ to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.A.Being determined B.On having determined C.Determined D.To be determined 14.______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.A.Being settled B.Having settled C.Settled D.Settling 15.If law-breaker ____, the society will be in disorder.A.made unpunished B.came unpunished C.not punished D.went unpunished 16.He must be angry, for we heard the glass ____ on the floor.A, being broken B.break C.to be break D.broken 17.You can fly to the UK this morning _____ you don’t mind changing planes in A.because B.provided C.unless D.so far as 18._____ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A.To look B.Looking at C.Looked at D.To be looked at
19._____ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded
scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.A.To be judged the best B.Judged the best C.Having judged the best D.Judging the best 20.A cool rain was falling, _____ with snow.A.mixed B.mixing C.to mix D.having mixed 21.Most of the photographers _____ to the conference were from north Europe.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.having invited 22.The assistant worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the
president.A.to have repaired B.repairing C.repaired D.having repaired 23.“Can’t you read?” Mary said _____ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing 24.The missing singer was last seen _____ the voice close to the bridge.A.exercising B.to be exercising C.exercise D.to exercise 25.The directors discussed the project that they would like to see ____ the next
year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 26.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _____ that he
had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 27.The speaker raised his voice but couldn’t make himself _____.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard 28.A cook will be fired immediately if he is found _____ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked
7.say动词的过去式 篇七
广东省深圳市宝安中学 赵国强 (518101)
有关动词过去分词的用法是英语学习中不可忽视的重要一环。谓语中,be动词的相应形式+过去分词多表示被动,have的相应形式+过去分词只表示完成,正因为过去分词借助某种形式可以表示被动或已经完成的动作,因此,过去分词在非谓语动词中亦自然具有相应的语态时态特征。单独过去分词在某些特定结构中可以表示该动词的被动或完成意义。
一、单独过去分词可以表示被动
1.宾语补足语中的过去分词表被动
感官动词和使役动词(如see, feel, find, make, need等)后面的宾语补足语,大多直接采用过去分词表示被动意义。如:
1) He often hears the song sung in the next room.他经常听见这首歌在隔壁房间唱起。
(比较:He often hears someone sing the song in the next room.他经常听见有人在隔壁房间唱歌。)
2) Would you like to have/get the bike repaired?你想要自行车给修一下吗?
(比较:Would you like to have someone repair the bike?或Would you like to get someone to repair the bike? 你想要请人修一下自行车吗?)
3) I won’t have anything said against him.我不容许背着他说他的坏话。
4)Will you speak a little louder so that you can make yourself heard?你讲大声点以便让别人听见你说的好吗?
5)Do you need the letter typed at once?你需要这信马上给打一下吗?
但并非所有动词后面的宾补都可单独使用过去分词表示被动,因此,相关被动意义的得体表达还需因词制宜。如:
1) They will not allow such things to be done.他们将不准做这种事。
2) I won’t let them be treated in that way.我不能让他们受到这样的对待。
3) We suggested them being sent to hospital at once.我们建议他们给立即送往医院。
2. 状语中的过去分词表被动
正如现在分词可以用来代替主语+主动语态动词一样,过去分词也可以代替主语+被动语态动词结构。也就是说,单独过去分词作状语,相当于被动语态的状语从句。该结构中的过去分词短语之前大多不必添加being来表示进行等意义。
1)Led by the old man, we had no difficulty in finding his house.=As we were led by the old man, we had no difficulty….由于老人带路,我们不费劲便找到他的家。
2)Satisfied with the boy’s answer, the teacher had a sweet smile.=Because the teacher was satisfied with…, he had …由于对男生的答案感到满意,老师甜甜地笑。
4) Given more time, they will probably agree.=If they are given more time, they will….如果多给点时间,他们很可能会同意的。
3. with复合结构中的过去分词表被动
with后的宾语所带的动词,如果与宾语之间属被动关系,只用过去分词表达。如:
1)With the gold cup held in his hand, he felt very excited.手里握着金杯,他很是兴奋。
2)The young guy lay on the grass with his hands crossed under his head.年轻人躺在草地上,双手叉着枕在头下。
4. 连词后的过去分词表被动
引导状语从句的连词(如when, while, though, once, as if等),大都单独采用过去分词表示被动,相当于一个省略的状语从句。如:
1)Don’t keep silent when (you’re)asked a question.当(别人)在问你的时候别不做声。
2)Once/ If (it’s) whipped, the horse will run faster.一旦(如果)抽鞭子,马就跑得快些。
3)Though (he was) taken there in his childhood, he still didn’t know the place well.虽然小时候给带到那儿去过,但他对这地方还是不熟。
但要注意:由before, after引导的被动语态动词短语代替从句,必须在过去分词前加上being。如:
After being shown around the factory, we had a rest.当领着参观工厂之后,我们休息了一会儿。(试比较:When shown around the factory, we had a rest./ Having been shown around the factory, we had a rest.)
5. 谓语中的过去分词表被动
在广告、通知、标题等文体中,为了行文简洁明了,谓语中也常常单独采用过去分词表示被动意义。如:Turners wanted!(招聘车工!) ALL GOODS GREATLY REDUCED!(各种货物大减价!) Trade agreements broken(贸易协定遭破坏)等等。
二、单独过去分词可以表示完成
由于过去分词作定语不用完成式,表示完成意义的定语自然采用单独过去分词来表达。如:
sweep the fallen leaves=sweep the leaves that have fallen扫落叶
a developed country=a country that has developed发达国家
三、单独过去分词可以表示被动+完成
所谓单独过去分词表示被动+完成,即过去分词可以独立表示完成意义的被动语态。通常出现在以下方面:
1.过去分词在定语中表示被动+完成
1) He told us of the great wrong done to him.=He told us of the great wrong which had been done to him.他给我们讲了他所遭受的巨大冤屈。
2)Did you accept the invitation (that had been) given by the tour guide? 你接受导游所给的邀请了吗?
2.过去分词在with复合结构中表示被动+完成
With the homework finished, I went out for a walk.=When the homework was/had been finished, I went out….作业做完之后,我出去散了会儿步。
3. 过去分词在状语中表示被动+完成
Weakened by the successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe. =As the bridge had been weakened by successive storms, it was no longer safe.由于遭到接二连三暴风雨的破坏,这桥已经不安全了。
值得一提的是,分词作状语,如果强调该动作已经完成,还是需要采用相应语态的完成式形式;过去分词作定语,如果强调该动作正在发生,则用being+过去分词。分别举例如下:
1)Having corrected the students’ homework, he handed it out.他将学生的作业改完之后就发下去了。
2)Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.由于被狗咬过两次,邮递员要我们把狗拴起来,要不就不给我们送信。
3)Have you noticed the bridge being built there?= Have you noticed the bridge which is being built there?你注意到了那儿正在修的那座桥吗?
附练习:
1. In Shishou of Hubei, the soldiers saved many important deer ____ milu deer.
A. call B. called C. is called D. which calls
2. The sun was shining brightly, ________ everything there _______ more beautiful.
A. making ; look B. to make ; looked C. and made ; looking D. and making ; be looked
3. Greatly _____ as a leading teacher, he was invited to attend the conference.
A. respect B. respected C. respecting D. being respected
4. On the grass lay an old man, with his hands _____ under his head and his eyes _____ at the blue sky.
A. crossing; staring B. crossed; stared C. crossed; staring D. crossing; stared
5. The students ____ to the office got their ____ papers, and most of them did well in the test.
A. invited; correct B. had been invited; corrected
C. invited; corrected D. having been invited; corrected
6. _____ nice, the food has a good sale.
A. Having been tasted B. Tasted C. Tasting D. Being tasted
7. Get the car thoroughly _______; I want to be free from worry on the trip.
A. check B. checked C. checking D. to be checked
8. At six o’clock in the evening, when a cat ran through a truck it narrowly escaped _______ over.
A. running B. to be run C. from running D. being run
9. The room, although ____ to be kept locked, was often left open.
A. ought B. supposed C. had D. should
10. He was found _____ at the desk, _____ something important.
A. seating; writing B. seated; wrote C. seated; writing D. seating; wrote
11. You’re requested to be present at the English evening _____ in our school.
A. hold B. held C. holding D. to be held
12. The man got the letter _____ with the car ____ at the gate.
A. typed; waiting B. typing; waited C. typed; waited D. typing; waiting
13. _____ in the war was very common at that time.
A. Killed B. Killing C. Be killed D. Being killed
14. _____ the bad news, they wore a _____ look on their faces.
A. Heard; worried B. Hearing; worried C. Hearing; worrying D. Heard; worrying
15. The books _____ next month are very well _____, and they’re really well worth reading.
A. published; written B. publishing; writing; C. to be published; writing; D. to be published; written
16. After _____ to hospital, the _____ were operated on in no time.
A. sending; injured B. sent; injured C. being sent; injured D. sending; injuring
17. When the woman saw the good result, she let out an _____ cry of joy, _____ like a lovely girl.
A. excited; jumping B. exciting; jumping C. excited; jumped D. exciting; jumped
18. _____ on top of the tower, the city looks extremely splendid.
A. See B. To see C. Seeing D. Seen
19. When he entered the room, he found the windows open and something _____.
A. missed B. robbed C. stolen D. disappeared
20. The speaker stood there talking, _____ by the journalists _____ the event.
A. surrounded; covered B. surrounded; covering C. surrounding; covered D. surrounding; covering
(Key: BABCC CBDBC DADBD CADCB)
主要参考文献:
A.J.Thomson, A.V. Martinet: 《牛津实用英语语法》(第四版),外语教学与研究出版社,牛津大学出版社,。
张道真:《英语常用动词用法词典》,上海译文出版社,1981年。
8.fall的过去式 过去分词 篇八
刀从她无力的手里落下。
Evans had rheumatic fever, missed school and fell behind
伊万斯得了风湿热,没去上课,功课也落下了。
It is important not to let production levels fall.
重要的是别让产量滑落。
The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups.
调查结果分为截然不同的两组。
Students over 25 fall into a different category.
9.think的过去式和过去分词 篇九
1、I certainly think there should be a ban on tobacco advertising.
我确实认为应该禁止香烟广告。
2、Nora thought he was seventeen years old.
诺拉觉得他有17岁。
3、You were probably brought up to think like that.
你可能从小就被教育那样考虑问题。
4、She closed her eyes for a moment, trying to think.
她闭了一会儿眼睛,努力思考着。
5、To make the computer work at full capacity, the programmer has to think like the machine.
10.英语动词过去时的隐喻拓展 篇十
英语动词过去时的隐喻拓展
本文以认知语法为框架,隐喻理论为指导,对英语动词过去时的用法进行了研究,发现英语动词过去时的意义存在着从时间域向真值域和心理域的拓展、衍生,而意义的.拓展是通过以距离性意象图式为基础的隐喻映射完成的.距离性是英语动词过去时的基本特征.因此,英语动词过去时亦可以定义为距离性时态:它总是表示事件/状态与参照点之间存在于或时间域或真值域或心理域的某种距离.
作 者:黄萍 作者单位:江南大学外国语学院 刊 名:中国市场 PKU英文刊名:CHINA MARKET 年,卷(期): ”"(48) 分类号:H3 关键词:过去时 隐喻拓展 距离性 距离性意象图式【say动词的过去式】推荐阅读:
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