研究生英语二模拟题

研究生英语二模拟题（共8篇）

1.研究生英语二模拟题 篇一

五年级英语下册第二单元模拟题

一、排序

1、Whatchoresdoyouhavetodo?

()2、Sure!

()3、Ihavetosw eepthefloorandlookaftermydog.

()4、Everyday.CanweplaytogetheronSunday?

()5、Canyougoroll er-skatingwithmeafterschooltoday?

()6、Howoftendoyoudothesethings?

()7、Sorry,Ican’t.Ihavetogohomeanddomychores.

二、选出合适动词的序号

A、finishB、setC、practice

D、sweepE、doF、takeout

G、cleanH、makeI、study

thetablethelivingroom

thefloorthebed

theartprojectthepiano

foratestchores

thegarbage

三、按要求写单词

1、have(第三人称单数)2、can’t(完全形式)

3、we(物主代词)4、class(复数)

5、tall(反义词)6、good|(比较级)

7、they(宾格)8、pretty(最高级)

9、third(基数词)10、shop(现在分词)

2.研究生英语二模拟题 篇二

第一部分: 听力( 略)

第二部分: 阅读理解( 共两节,满分40分)

第一节( 共15小题; 每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项 ( A、B、C和D) 中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Investing In the Graphite ( 化石墨) Revolution

December 21st,2014

Graphene( 石墨烯) is the future. Plain and simple.

It's 200 times stronger than steel, thinner than a sheet of paper,and more conductive than copper.

And that's not all

Researchers all over the world are using it for critical advances in a variety of industries. Graphene makes:

Solar cells — 50x ~ 100x more efficient

Semiconductors — 50x ~ 100x faster

Aircraft — 70% lighter

We're talking about batteries that charge 10x faster and store 10x more power

Phones and computer displays that bend and fold

It's so vital to our future that it's been named a “supply critical mineral”and a “strategic min毄eral”by the United States,Japan and the European Union.

Yet only a few companies around the world have access to mineral resource that is required to make graphene. And 70% of supply is controlled by China.

So the setup is perfect for any non-Chinese supply to become an extremely profitable investment,just like rare earths a few years ago.

A new report from the Outsider Club fully outlines the situation:

What graphene is used for

And why now is the perfect time to invest in this world-changing discovery.

To get this new report, simply drop your name in the box below. And in a few moments, you'll be fully informed on the ins and outs of graphene. All I ask in return is for you to sign up to receive our financial and economic news e-letter, Outsider Club.

In each issue,we'll bring you the financial news from the “Outsider's ” perspective. It will show you how to plan your own finances,and manage your own investments. Become a reader of Outsider Club today.

So what are you waiting for?

21. What do you know about graphene?

A. It can conduct electricity very well.

B. It is much stronger than paper.

C. It is much heavier than steel.

D. It is very easy to obtain now.

22. According to the passage,a plane made of graphene can____.

A. move much faster

B. work more efficiently

C. save more energy

D. weigh much less

23. We can infer that a few years ago rare earths were___-.

A. cheap

B. common

C. profitable

D. worthless

B

Christian Haettich has one arm and one leg. Over 22 days this summer at the 2014 Haute Route he cycled across the Dolomites,the Alps and the Pyrenees to become one of only a dozen finishers of a tough three-week cycling event.

Haettich was born and brought up in rural Alsace,in north-east France. He led a normal life until a traffic accident in December 1976 when he was 15 years old. He was out riding a bike when he was hit by a car. As a result,he lost his left leg and his left arm.

“Many things changed for me. I had to learn how to live again and deal with being stared at. It's tough being disabled at this age,and I was often rejected,”he says.

Although he had long been a fan of professional cycling,it wasn't until his mid-30s that he thought of taking up the sport himself. A chance sighting of a man with one leg riding up a mountain encouraged him to try cycling himself.

People use arms and legs instinctively as counterbalances and supports to keep them upright. “I had no balance and fell off many times at first. My wife helped me a lot until the day I managed to ride without falling off,”he says.

Haettich particularly likes those that involve riding in the mountains. On a long mountain pass,you can't stop pedalling( 蹬车) to relax. For an able-bodied rider the work is shared more or less equally between both legs. For Haettich,his one leg has to do the work of two. He remembers how painful it was in the early days. “Pedalling uphill with one leg is hard,it's just push and pull,if I forget one,I fall. But in the end ,my struggle paid off . ”

For many riders,cycling is no more than a hobby. For Haettich it's much more. “Cycling brings me happiness. Cycling takes away my disability,and it helps me move forward. The bike is a source of inspiration,”he said.

24. How many cyclists finished the threeweek cycling event at the 2014 Haute Route?

A. 6 cyclists.

B. 12 cyclists.

C. 20 cyclists.

D. 24 cyclists.

25. What do you learn about Christian Haettich after he was disabled?

A. He led a very normal life.

B. He was discriminated against.

C. He was taken good care of.

D. He was inspired by his peers.

26. What inspired him to take up cycling?

A. Seeing a disabled man riding up a mountain.

B. Watching a cycling event at the 2010 Haute Route.

C. Hearing of a touching story about his sport hero.

D. Making friends with a world-famous cyclist.

27. At the beginning it was very difficult for Christian Haettich to____.

A. climb the mountains

B. keep his pace

C. keep his balance

D. control his fear

C

Evidence has long suggested that certain animals can possess unusual abilities. Now science is proving many of these stories to be correct. Close observation of such animals could help people to plan well in advance of coming problems.

Henry Streby of the University of California discovered that golden-winged warblers take off from their expected locations more than 24 hours before storms hit. In this case,the storm in question produced tornadoes that killed at least 35 people. “The most curious finding is that the warblers flew away long before the storm arrived,”said Streby. “At the same time the weatherman was telling us this storm headed in our direction. The birds were apparently already packing their bags and evacuating ( 撤离 ) the area. ”

Dogs can sniff out prostate cancer with 98 percent accuracy, found a study earlier this year.

Dogs have about 200 millionolfactorycells in their noses,versus only 5 million in the human nose. Their keen sense of smell helps to explain the cancer-detecting feat. Yet another study on dogs found that they can smell—through a person's breath or sweat — whether or not a diabetic ( 糖尿病 )person has high or low blood sugar.

After the 2011 magnitude 9 earthquake in Japan,Hiroyuki Yamauchi of National Tsing Hua University conducted a survey on how cats reacted ahead of the quake. The survey found that six or more days before the devastating earthquake, some cats engaged in unusual behaviors and became more stressed out. Felines began “trembling, being restless and escaping ”. The researchers believe that cats may sense quakes ahead of time because they have a wider range of hearing than humans.

Have you ever noticed that bees are nowhere in sight before it rains? They sense moisture changes in the atmosphere,causing them to take shelter in their hives before downpours begin.

28. We can infer that the golden-winged warbler is a kind of____.

A. mammal

B. bird

C. sea creature

D. reptile

29. The underlined word “olfactory ”means____ .

A. related to smell

B. linked to hearing

C. connected with sight

D. associated with taste

30. Just before the rain, bees tend to be.

A. busy

B. restless

D. noisy

D. invisible

31. Which of the following is the best title?

A. Some animals preventing major natural disasters.

B. Some animals predicting devastating natural disasters.

C. Some animals predicting disasters and detecting disease.

D. Some animals helping people to detect human disease.

D

Denmark is a small nation of about 5. 5 million people. The United States is a melting pot of more than 315 million people. There is no doubt that Denmark and the United States are very different countries. Nonetheless,are there lessons that we can learn from Denmark?

Today in the United States there is a massive amount of economic anxiety. Unemployment is too high and wages and income are too low. The gap between the very rich and everyone else is growing wider. However, in Denmark, social policies ensure that almost no one falls into economic despair. While it is difficult to become very rich in Denmark,no one is allowed to be poor.

While millions of Americans are struggling to find affordable health care,health care in Denmark is universal and free of charge. Everybody is covered. The Danish health care system is popular,with patient satisfaction much higher than in our country.

Danes understand that the first few years of a person's life are the most important in terms of intellectual and emotional development. In order to give strong support to expecting parents,mothers get four weeks of paid leave before giving birth. They get another 14 weeks of paid leave afterward. In the U. S. A,working mothers enjoy no paid leave before and after giving birth and young working families search desperately for affordable child care.

At a time when college education in the United States is increasingly unaffordable and the average college graduate leaves school more than $ 25,000 in debt,virtually all higher education in Denmark is free.

In Denmark, adequate leisure and family time are considered an important part of having a good life. Every worker in Denmark is entitled to five weeks of paid vacation plus 11 paid holidays. And the United States is the only major country that does not guarantee its workers paid vacation time.

Recently the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD ) has found that the Danish people rank among the happiest in the world among some 40 countries. However, America did not crack the top 10.

The United States,in size,culture,and the diversity of our population, is a very different country from Denmark. Can we,however,learn some important lessons from them? You bet we can.

32. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. How can the United States catch up with Denmark?

B. What lessons can the United States learn from Denmark?

C. Where does the United States differ from Denmark?

D. How did the United States become a melting pot?

33. Which of the following is NOT true of the United States ?

A. Free health care.

B. High unemployment.

C. Low wages and income.

D. Lower patient satisfaction.

34. Before and after giving birth,a mother in Denmark can get___.

A. 10 weeks of unpaid leave.

B. 10 weeks of paid leave.

C. 18 weeks of unpaid leave.

D. 18 weeks of paid leave.

35. From the passage,we can infer that___-.

A. The gap between the rich and the poor is growing wider in Denmark

B. There are many very wealthy people living in Denmark

C. Danes spend much time in staying with their family members

D. college education in Denmark is becoming more expensive

第二节 ( 共5小题; 每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

While high school dropout percentages in the U. S. are much lower today than they were a few decades ago,there is still a lot of room for improvement.

One factor when it comes to the dropout rate is the economic background. It is reported that students from low-income families are 2. 4 times more likely to drop out than middle-income kids. 36Students with physical disabilities drop out at a rate of36percent. Some behaviors that are often characteristic in dropouts include being retained( 留级) from advancing a grade level with peers,relocating during the high school years and being bullied by peers at the school.

The U. S. Census Bureau estimates that dropouts bring in just $ 20,241 annually,which is over $ 36,000 less than a person holding a bachelor's degree.37And the unemployment rate for dropouts is generally 4 percentage points higher than the national average.38.

Dropping out of high school hurts more than the individual.39It's estimated that half of all Americans on public assistance are dropouts. A study has found that high school dropouts cost taxpayers $ 292,000 over the course of their lives. It's not just about the money though.40As a society,we are not just paying into public assistance programs for dropouts,but we are paying to protect ourselves against them.

If we invested that money,or even half of it, into efforts to enhance the learning experience and programs to prevent dropping out,it would benefit the individual and the society as a whole.

A. In the end,the lifetime earnings of high school dropouts are $ 260,000 less than peers who earn a diploma

B. Over 80 percent of the prisoners are high school dropout.

C. Household income is not the only factor that affects dropouts,though.

D. This has become an issue that truly impacts every member of the community.

E. It also has a bad effect on the society.

F. We still have a long way to go.

G. The poverty rate for dropouts is over twice as high as college graduates.

第三部分: 英语知识运用( 共两节,满分45分)

第一节完形填空( 共20小题; 每小题1. 5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项( A、B、C和D) 中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Cancer treatments left 5-year-old Isabella Harvey nearly bald. She felt41for not feeling as “beautiful”as her favorite Disney princesses, but a magical photo shoot lifted her42and moved many of her supporters to tears.

Battling cancer for a long time,5-year-old Isabella Harvey felt sad that her43loss no longer made her feel like her favorite Disney princesses.

D'Antoni,44is a member of Gianna Nicole's Heart of Hope,a foundation that45cancer patients and their families,had known the Harvey family for years. She46to organize a photo shoot activity in a ( n)47to cheer up Isabella. The photo shoot was held at Oakeside Bloomfield Cultural Center in Bloomfield, New Jersey. Dressed48a princess gown ( 女裙服) ,Isabella remained49about her bald head,and didn't want to take off her hat. But all that changed when a famous performer Chelsea Knutson50as Cinderella,a Disney princess, in a princess gown with a51head.

Isabella was excited to see Knutson in character. She took her hat off52and said, “Wow she looks just like me! ”And in a split moment she53from an insecure and shy little girl into a54and brave princess!

“I didn't tell her55that Cinderella was going to be bald,” Pina Harvey, her mother, said. “I wanted to surprise her. When Knutson came down the stairs as Cinderella, her face56. She looked very cheerful. ”

D'Antoni was57touched. “When Isabella saw that Cinderella had no hair,she had a smile from ear to ear. She knew that she wasn't58,”she said.

Isabella continues to fight cancer,enduring multiple59to the hospital every week. She hopes her fight can help60other kids to be brave and feel beautiful,too.

41. A. delightedB. discouraged

C. annoyed D. touched

42. A. spirits B. manners

C. levelsD. standards

43. A. moneyB. weight

C. leg D. hair

44. A. that B. which

C. whomD. who

45. A. cures B. supports

C. receives D. finds

46. A. decidedB. pretended

C. agreed D. refused

47. A. attempt B. request

C. wayD. effort

48. A. atB. in

C. onD. over

49. A. confusedB. excited

C. embarrassedD. convinced

50. A. functionedB. worked

C. servedD. emerged

51. A. baldB. round

C. hairyD. clever

52. A. strangelyB. immediately

C. personally D. absolutely

53. A. transformed B. translated

C. transportedD. transplanted

54. A. prettyB. serious

C. anxious D. confident

55. A. in addition B. in advance

C. in secret D. in place

56. A. broke up B. turned up

C. lit up D. went up

57. A. equally B. slowly

C. specially D. lately

58. A. afraid B. asleep

C. alone D. awake

59. A. solutions B. keys

C. voyages D. trips

60. A. inspire B. remind

C. warnD. expect

第Ⅱ卷

第三部分: 英语知识运用( 共两节,满分45分)

第二节 ( 共10小题; 每小题1. 5分,满分15分)

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容( 1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。

On May 8,1996,I was born in Incheon City,South Korea. My mother gave me up that same day. A foster family61( take) care of me while a family in the United States received a phone call62there was a baby girl for63( adopt ) . Six months later,that family picked me up from the airport in New York and became my family. That day I gained a mom, dad,64( old) brother and sister.

Recently I65( turn) 18 years old. I did not66( previous) know much about my birth parents. But now because I am67adult,my mom encouraged me68( find ) my birth mother. Finally,I got in touch with her. My birth mother said sorry to me,69( say ) that she was young and unmarried then and gave me up so that I could have a better future. I used to hate her,but now I understand and forgive her.

Now I am not ashamed of my adoption. Instead,I feel happy70I have two more parents to love me.

第四部分: 写作( 共两节,满分35分)

第一节短文改错( 共10小题; 每小题1分,满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号( Λ) ,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除: 把多余的词用斜线( ) 划掉。

修改: 在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2. 只允许修改10处,多者( 从第11处起) 不计分。

Like most dads,Mike Wilson will do anything for his kid — and he recent proved it when he slipped into Spider-Man suit to surprise his kid for his son's fifth birthday.

Wilson's son, Jayden, is diagnosed with brain cancer shortly after his fourth birthday. Because Wilson and his wife feared that their son will not live to see his fifth birthday,so they decided to celebrate his birthday ahead off time. Wilson also wanted to make this birthdays one to remember by dress up as Jayden's favorite superhero.

When Jayden stepped outside to see Spider Man to leap off the roof,he was very surprised and excited. The boy said that she was having a good birthday.

第二节书面表达( 满分25分)

假如你班准备召开班会,征集暑假社会实践活动的创意。请你写一篇口头发言稿,介绍你的活动创意。

内容包括:

1. 活动内容;

2. 活动的目的和好处。

注意:

1. 词数: 100左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

2015年高考英语模拟试题( 二)

第一部分: 听力( 略)

第二部分: 阅读理解

第一节

A

【语篇导读】本文为应用文。是一则电子财经新闻订阅广告。

21. A。 细节理解题。 根据“and more conductive than copper”可知,石墨烯导电性能优于铜,故A项正确。

22. D。 细节理解 题。 根据“Aircraft — 70% lighter”可知,用石墨烯制造的飞机重量很轻。

23. C。推理判断题。根据“So the setup is perfect for any non-Chinese supply to become an extremely profitable investment, just like rare earths a few years ago. ”可以判断出,稀土几年前十分赚钱。

B

【语篇导读】本文为记叙文。法国人Christian Haettich少年时因车祸失去了左臂和左腿。 但他还是选择了山地自行车运动。并取得了不俗的成绩。在2014 Haute Route自行车比赛中,他是少数几个骑完全程的自行车选手之一。

24. B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“he cycled across the Dolomites,the Alps and the Pyrenees to become one of only a dozen finishers of a tough three-week cycling event. ”可知,只有12个人骑完全程。

25. B。细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“I had to learn how to live again and deal with being stared at. It's tough being disabled at this age,and I was often rejected. ”可知,残疾后他遭到歧视和白眼。

26. A。细节理解题。根据第四段第二句 “A chance sighting of a man with one leg riding up a mountain encouraged him to try cycling himself. ”可知,一次偶然的机会他看见一个单腿男子骑车上山,这件事情激发了他从事自行车运动的欲望。

27. C。细节理解题。根据第五段第二句 “I had no balance and fell off many times at first. ”可知,开始学骑自行车时Christian Haettich很难保持身体的平衡。

C

【语篇导读】本文为说明文。主要介绍了一些能预测自然灾难和探测疾病的动物

28. B。推理判断题。根据第二段第三句 “The most curious finding is that the warblers flew away long before the storm arrived. ”可以判断出,warbler是一种能飞的鸟。

29. A。 词义推测题。 根据第四 段中的 “Their keen sense of smell helps to explain the cancer-detecting feat. ”可知,olfactory是与嗅觉相关的意思。

30. D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的第一句“Have you ever noticed that bees are nowhere in sight before it rains. ”可知,下雨前人们看不到蜜蜂。

31. C。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一些能预测自然灾难和探测疾病的动物,故C项最佳。A项不符合事实; B项和D项不全面,不具有概括性。

D

【语篇导读】本文为议论文。作者通过把美国和丹麦比较得出结论: 丹麦有很多值得美国学习的地方。

32. B。 主旨大意 题。 根据第一 段中的“Nonetheless,are there lessons that we can learn from Denmark?”可知,本文主要讲美国从丹麦的经验中得到什么启示,故B项最佳。

33. A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 “Unemployment is too high and wages and income are too low. ”可知,美国的失业率高、收入低; 根据第三段最后一句“The Danish health care system is popular, with patient satisfaction much higher than in our country. ”可知,美国病人的满意率不高。故B、C及D项陈述的内容正确,不能选。根据第三段第一句“While millions of Americans are struggling to find affordable health care”可知,美国的医疗保健并不是免费的, 故答案为A。

34. D。细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句中的“mothers get four weeks of paid leave before giving birth. They get another 14 weeks of paid leave afterward. ”可知,在生孩子前后,母亲总共可享受18个星期的带薪休假。

35. C。推理判断题。根据第六段第一句“In Denmark,adequate leisure and family time are considered an important part of having a good life. ”可知,丹麦人很重视家庭生活,故C项正确。

第二节

【语篇导读】本文为说明文。短文分析了美国高中生辍学的原因以及辍学所造成的后果,同时作者呼吁政府应加大投入减少辍学现象发生。

36. C。本段分析高中生辍学的原因,此句起承上启下的作用。

37. G。前一句讲到辍学者收入远少于大学毕业生,故他们比大学毕业生贫穷。

38. A。本段涉及辍学者的收入情况,本句是对前面情况的总结。

39. E。本段主要讲高中辍学者对社会的影响。

40. B。 辍学者犯罪率高属于对社会的影响。

第三部分: 英语知识运用

第一节完形填空

【语篇导读】本文为记叙文。一位5岁女孩因治疗癌症头发全部掉光,她为此感到沮丧。 好心人决定专门为她举办一次带妆摄影活动, 帮助她走出心理阴影。当女孩最喜欢的迪斯尼公主以光头形象出现的时候,她又重新拾起了生活的信心。

41. B。后文5-year-old Isabella Harvey felt sad有提示。Isabella Harvey因为治疗癌症没有了头发,觉得自己没有她喜欢的迪士尼公主那么漂亮,因此她感到有点沮丧。

42. A。这次摄影活动提振了她的精神。

43. D。短文第一句“Cancer treatments left 5-year-old Isabella Harvey nearly bald. ”有提示。 故她因化疗失去了头发。

44. D。who引导一个非限制性定语从句。

45. B。support在此是“支持,帮助”之意, 符合句意。

46. A。他决定组织一次摄影活动。

47. D。in an effort to do sth. 意为“努力, 企图”,符合句意。

48. B。介词in在此表示“穿着”。

49. C。后文“she transformed from an insecure and shy little girl”有提示。可见当初的时候Isabella Harvey为自己没有头发感到难为情。

50. D。emerge在此是“出现”之意,符合句意。

51. A。后文“Wow she looks just like me. ” 有提示。可见Chelsea Knutson是以光头的形象出现的。

52. B。 Isabella Harvey马上把帽子脱了下来。

53. A。transform意为“转变”,符合句意。

54. D。她马上从一个没有安全感的、害羞的小女孩变成了一个自信的、勇敢的小公主。

55. B。in advance是“提前,事先”之意, 符合句意。

56. C。light up在此意为“变得喜悦”,符合句意。

57. A。D'Antoni也同样被感动了。

58. C。她知道她不是孤军作战。

59. D。Isabella Harvey因患癌症,每周要多次往返医院,故选D。

60. A。inspire在此是“激励,鼓励”之意, 符合句意。

第二节语法填空

61. took。此处叙述过去的事情,用一般过去时态。

62. that。引导一个同位语从句,说明call的具体内容。

63. adoption。此处用名词形式做宾语。

64. older。 此处应用 形容词比 较级的形式。

65. have turned。时间副词recently通常与现在完成时连用。

66. previously。此处用副词做状语。

67. an。不定冠词在此表示泛指。

68. to find。此处应用不定式做宾补。

69. saying。现在分词做伴随状语。

70. because。此处because引导一个原因状语从句。

第四部分: 写作

第一节短文改错

1. recent→ recently。此处应用副词来修饰动词。

2. into后加a。suit在此是可数名词,应在其前面加不定冠词表泛指。

3. is→ was。根据后面的时间状语after his fourth birthday可知,此处应用一般过去时态。

4. will → would。主句的时态为一般过去时,故宾语从句的时态应用过去将来时态。

5. 去掉so。前面已有从属连词because, 故此处不能再用并列连词so。

6. off → of。 短语ahead of time意为“提前”。

7. birthdays → birthday。birthday应用单数形式。

8. dress →dressing。介词by后面应用动名词形式。

9. 去掉leap前面的to。动词see后面的不定式做宾补不带to。

10. she → he。前面讲的是boy,故用人称代词he指代。

第二节书面表达

One possible version:

Boys and girls,

I come from the countryside and my family lives in a beautiful village. So I suggest that we go to my village to help farmers with their harvest.

In my opinion,the activity will benefit us a lot. First,we can experience the rural life by doing farming work. Second, by working in the fields we can learn that it is no easy job to produce rice,which will help us to cherish food. Last but not the least,we can appreciate the beautiful natural scenery and enjoy a peaceful and quiet rural life,free from the noisy and busy city life.

3.研究生英语二模拟题 篇三

1. It is _____ difficult work that we can’t finish it in a short time.

A. soB. suchC. so aD. such a

2. I_____you_____left for Shanghai.

A. thought; hadB. think; have

C. think; hadD. thought; have

3. I’ve decided_____it myself.

A. doB. doingC. didD. to do

4. You can’t solve the problem_____this way.

A. byB. inC. onD. to

5. I was just leaving the classroom_____it rained.

A. whileB. whenC. asD. during

6._____a big smile on his face, Mr Liu told a piece of good news to his students.

A. InB. HaveC. WithD. For

7. I won’t go away_____I see you.

A. as soon asB. becauseC. untilD. and

8. Put on your coat,_____you’ll catch a cold.

A. butB. andC. orD. ×

9. Last night I went to bed early but couldn’t_____ .

A. get to sleepB. get sleepC. fall sleepD. fall to sleep

10. Mrs Li was very angry_____her son_____his words.

A. with; withB. to; withC. with; atD. with; to

11. Would you please_____me?

A. not troubleB. not to trouble

C. to not troubleD. don’t trouble

12. How are you getting_____with your classmates?

A. onB. upC. downD. to

13. So far, we_____English for nearly three years.

A. learnB. learntC. have learntD. had learnt

14. Mr Yao is a good friend of_____.

A. myB. my fatherC. my fathers’D. my father’s

15. Fujian is_____the southeast of China.

A. atB.toC. onD. in

二､ 完形填空(10分)

One day, some workers were repairing a road. They had dug a big hole in the road. As they could not 1 their work, they had put up notice boards on both sides of the hole before they 2 . On the boards they wrote the word DANGER in order to warn people not to drop into the hole.

Some time 3 , a blind man was walking 4 the road. He was just walking in the direction of the hole. As he could not see the notice, he was walking 5 to the hole. He was very close to it now. Just at that moment, a boy saw the man and 6 up to him. “ 7 !” the boy shouted, “Don’t go any farther, or you’ll fall 8 the hole.” After he heard this, the blind man stopped 9 . Then the boy took the man by the arm and led him safely around the hole. “Thanks a lot,” said the man. “You’re really a 10 boy.”

1. A. finishB. prepareC. doD. start

2. A. leftB. beganC. stoppedD. came

3. A. agoB. beforeC. pastD. later

4. A. toB. alongC. away fromD. out of

5. A. near and nearB. nearer and nearer

C. far and farD. farther and farther

6. A. walkedB. cameC. ranD. went

7. A. HelloB. OhC. HelpD. Stop

8. A. inB. toC. intoD. at

9. A. at lastB. at onceC. at firstD. at that time

10. A. niceB. badC. naughtyD. clever

三､ 阅读理解(30分)

(A)

I felt very tired when I came home from work. I fell asleep while my one-year-old son was playing his toy. After a while, a loud knock at the door woke me up. Ah, my little son tried to open the door. From the window, he saw a kite flying in the sky. Oh, it was quite a nice kite! I got up and looked out of the window. Two boys were flying the kite. I took my son out to the yard. “I’m glad to see you，” I asked one boy. “Would you please tell me in which shop you bought the kite? My son likes it very much and I want to buy one for him.” “We made it ourselves.” “If he likes, he can take it,” said the other boy. “Thank you just the same, little boy. I’m going to make a kite for him. Thank you!”

1. How many people are there in this passage?

A. Two.B. Four.C. Three.D. Five.

2. Who is the oldest?

A. The writer.B. The little boy.C. The son.D. The boys.

3. Who made the kite?

A. The son.B. The writer.C. A worker.D. The boys.

4. Who likes the kite very much?

A. Father.B. Mother.C. The son.D. The boys.

5. How old is the son?

A. One year.B. One year old.C. One old.D. A year.

(B)

Billy had a nice shop in the main street of a small town. He sold jewelry, watches, clocks and so on. All went well some years, and then a thief stole a lot of jewelry from his shop twice in one month at night. Three weeks passed, yet the police still didn’t catch the thief. So Billy decided to try to do something about it himself. He bought a good camera and fixed it up in his shop and put some cheap jewelry in front of it for the thief, so that it could take a photo of anyone who stole the jewelry.

A few nights later， the thief came, but he did not touch any of the cheap jewelry that Billy had put out for him. He took the camera, which was worth 1，500 dollars.

6. At first all was getting on_____with Billy.

A. wellB. badlyC. quicklyD. unhappy

7. Within one month_____ .

A. Billy began to sell cameras

B. Billy sold all the things in his shop

C. a thief stole all the things in Billy’s shop

D. a thief stole much of Billy’s jewelry

8. Billy bought a camera in order to_____ .

A. take pictures for those who came to his shop

B. find out the thief with its help

C. become even richer

D. make his shop large

9. In the end of this story,_____ .

A. Billy caught the thief

B. the thief stole the expensive camera

C. the thief took away the camera and jewelry

D. the thief took away the jewelry

10. The thief in the story was very_____ .

A. stupidB. sadC. brightD. old

(C)

One day a snake was looking for food. She found a hole and went into it. “Hooray!” it was a house for mice. She said to herself happily. There, she saw some little babies of mice. “They are good dinner for me!”

She came to them and asked, “Where are your parents?” The babies answered, “They went out for food.” “Food? Good!” said the snake. “Come on and listen to me. I came here to see your parents and tell them not to steal the people’s grain any longer or I will kill you all.” The little mice worried about their own safety. “Don’t be afraid, my body is like the hole. It is a safe place. When I open my mouth, you can come into it one by one. Then we will wait for your parents coming back. Are you clear?” The little babies came into the snake from her mouth one by one.

A moment later, the mice’s parents came back with some grain. Just then they found the snake in their room. “Who are you? Why did you come into our house?” “Where are our babies?” asked the mice’s parents. The snake answered coolly, “I am a judge of the people. I knew you did a lot of bad deeds. You often steal lots of foodstuff of the people. Today, I came to sentence you to death. Your babies have been in my body. Don’t you want to see them?” With these words, the snake flew at the mice.

根据短文内容,判断下列句子的正(T)或误(F)｡

11. The snake was glad to see some little mice.

12. The little mice believed the snake.

13. The snake was very friendly to the baby mice.

14. The snake was a judge of the people.

15. At last all the mice were eaten by the snake.

四､ 词汇(10分)

(一) 根据句意和所给首字母,写出空白处所缺的单词｡

1. The boy fell off the high tree but l_____ he wasn’t badly hurt.

2. In China people usually eat m_____ on Mid-autumn Day.

3. He’s a hard-working boy. He s_____ a lot of money on books.

4. Light travels much faster than s_____.

5. I saw two f_____ in the park yesterday. I think they came from the USA.

(二) 根据句意, 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空｡

6. There are two_____(library) in our school.

7. You look so_____(worry). What’s the trouble with you?

8. Which subject do you like_____(well), maths, English or Chinese?

9. The children enjoyed_____(them) at the party.

10. Don’t touch the machine. It’s_____(danger).

五､ 汉译英(10分)根据汉语句子,完成英语句子｡每空限填一词｡

1. 许多专家认为,到2020年,印度人口可能会比中国人口多｡

Many experts think that India’s_____may be_____than that of China by 2020.

2. 今天轮到你值日了｡

It’s your_____to be on_____today.

3. 那儿出了什么事?那么多人挤在大门口｡

What’s_____over there? So many people are_____round the gate.

4. 出门的时候别忘了锁门｡

Don’t forget to_____the door when you_____home.

5. 别插队,否则别人会生你的气｡

Don’t be a__________ , or the others will get angry with you.

六､ 补全对话(15分)

(一) 从 B 栏中找出能与A 栏各句匹配的应答语｡

(A)

1. I fell and hurt my leg just now.

2. What are you going to be when you grow up?

3. How much does a woolen sweater cost?

4. What’s your mother’s job?

5. How far is it from your home to our school?

(B)

A. I’d like to be a teacher like my father.

B. About half an hour’s walk.

C. About 200 yuan.

D. I’m sorry to hear that.

E. She’s an office worker.

(二) 根据语境,在各句空白处填入一个适当单词,使对话意思完整,语法正确｡

Paul is a kind-hearted farmer. He is riding on his horse. He is going to the market. He meets an old man on the road. The man is carrying a big bag. It is 6 of things. Paul wants to help him.

Paul: Good morning, 7 .

Man: Good morning, young man.

Paul: 8 are you going?

Man: I’m going to the market.

Paul: Do you want a ride?

Man: 9 , I’m tired.

Paul: May I help you get on the horse?

Man: Yes, please. Do you want to get on the horse, 10 ?

Paul: Yes, I do.

Man: Can your horse 11 us and my bag?

Paul: No, I don’t think so.

Man: Can you 12 , young man?

Paul: Of 13 , I can.

Man: Let’s go. It’s very 14 of you, young man.

Paul: It’s a 15 .

七､ 书面表达(10分)

以“My Mother”为题,用英语写一篇短文｡

要点:① 妈妈是护士,在县人民医院工作｡ 她工作努力,工作中严格要求自己,因此,她的同事们对她评价很高｡ ② 2003年参加抗击“非典”的战斗｡为了保护我们免受“非典”的侵害,一个多月没回家｡当时,我非常想念妈妈｡ ③ 我爱妈妈,并为有这样的妈妈而感到自豪｡

要求:1. 条理清楚,意思连贯,语句通顺,标点符号正确;

2. 要点必须叙述完整,并可适当发挥;

3. 词数:100个左右｡

参考词语: county 县; fight against 抗击; battle 战斗; SARS 非典

Key:

一､ 1-5 BADBB6-10 CCCAC11-15 AACDD

二､ 1-5 AADBB6-10 CDCBA

三､ 1-5 BADCB6-10 ADBBC11-15 TTFFT

四､ 1. luckily2. mooncakes3. spends4. sound5. foreigners

6. librarians7. worried8. best9. themselves10. dangerous

五､ 1. population， larger2. turn， duty3. happening， crowding

4. lock， leave5. queue， jumper

六､ 1-5 DACEB6. full7. sir8. Where9. Sure/Certainly10. too

11. carry12. walk13. course14. kind/nice15. pleasure

七､ One possible version:

My Mother

My mother is a nurse. She works in the People’s Hospital of our county. She works very hard. She is very strict with herself in the work. So her workmates speak highly of her.

In 2003 she took part in the battle to fight against SARS. She was away from home for more than one month. So I missed her very much, but I knew she was trying her best to protect us from SARS and she was doing an important thing.

4.六级英语考试模拟试题(二) 篇四

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage 1

In America, the movement of housing away from the high-rise buildings of the inner-cities originated in the 1920s, but was stalled by the Great Depression of the 1930s and by WW II. After the war a tremendous surge occurred in the real estate market with the advent of single-family homes on relatively small lots―typically less than one-tenth of an acre. During the 1950s, many large tract developments encroached on former farmlands near metropolitan areas. The most dramatic instances of this sprawling effect were witnessed in western municipalities such as San Jose and San Diego whose city charters defined their over several hundred square kilometers. These large parcels of land were over-run by standard three bedrooms, two bath “ranch-style” homes in a few short dcades.

5.自考英语二单选模拟试题及答案 篇五

1.A year later，with the nation‘s economy ________，Bush’s approval rating dropped below 40 percent.A.in power

B.in trouble

C.in hand

D.in part

2.There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth ________ the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.A.which

B.what

C.that

D.how

3.Robots differ from automatic machines ________ after completion of one specific task，they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.A.in case

B.in that

C.in which

D.in time

4.Basically，these attitudes amount to a belief ________ leisure can and should be put to good use .A.which

B.that

C.what

D.how

5.The professor worked for 7 hours at a ________.A.stretch

B.extend

C.expand

D.prolong

6.If an earthquake occurred，some of the one-storey houses ________.A.might be left stand

B.might leave to be standing

C.might be left to stand

D.might be left standing 7.________，he had no time to rest.A.As he was tired

B.If he was tired

C.Tired as he was

D.Now that he was tired

8.Since we have a focused subject ，we should not talk ________.A.at once

B.at hand

C.at intervals

D.at random

9.Why do you blame him for his poor judgment on the matter ______ he really needs is encouragement?

A.when that

B.since that

C.when what

D.now that

10.The doctors are ________ about the guidelines under which they can carry out euthanasia.A.at a stretch

B.at a loss

C.at random

D.at length

11.With such a poor score in the entrance exam，it‘s ________ impossible for him to be admitted to this university.A.roughly

B.absolutely

C.fully

D.exclusively

12.We promise that we‘ll meet again after we _______ our college education in three years’ time.A.finish

B.will finish

C.finished

D.will have finished

13.Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement，he wonders _______ will happen to his family life .A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

14.Never before _______ so rapidly developing as it is today.A.has our country been

B.our country has been

C.has been our country

D.our country hasn‘t been

15.Is it Shakespeare Theatre _______ you are going to watch the play The Merchant of Venice?

A.where

B.that

C.which

D.as

16.He would have given you more help，if he ________ so busy.A.have not been

B.had not been

C.not have been

D.not had been

17.After months of voyage，Columbus arrived in ______ later proved to be a new continent.A.where

B.which

C.what

D.that

18.I was really anxious about you.You ______ home without a word.A.mustn‘t leave

B.shouldn’t have left

C.couldn‘t have left

D.needn’t leave

19.He was ______ to withdraw from running for the presidency.A.trusted

B.credited

C.convinced

D.believed

20.While _____ the book，he nodded from time to time

A.reading

B.read

C.is reading D.is read 参考答案：

1.正确答案：B答案解析：in trouble：陷入困境。由于经济陷入困境，所以支持率下降了很多，符合句意。

2.正确答案：C答案解析：本句中that引导的也是同位语从句。

3.正确答案：B答案解析：in that意思是：在于，因为。解释differ from automatic machines的具体方面。

4.正确答案：B答案解析：空格前面是belief，后面是一个结构完整的句子，解释说明belief的具体内容。所以用that引导这个同位语从句。

5.正确答案：A答案解析：此题考查的是固定词组搭配。at a stretch一口气地。

6.正确答案：D答案解析：be left……：被置于……的境地。它是leave sth……的被动式。standing：站立的，固定的，直立的。be left加形容词是常用的一种表达方式。

7.正确答案：C答案解析：译文：尽管他很累，他也没有时间休息。此题考查的是让步状语从句，从句中表语提前。

8.正确答案：D答案解析：译文：既然我们已经有了命题，我们就不应漫无边际地交谈。此题考查对固定短语的掌握情况。at once立刻;at hand在附近，在手头，即将发生;at intervals间或，不时;at random随便，任意。

9.正确答案：C答案解析：译文：当他真正需要鼓励时，你为什么责备他的拙劣判断。此题考查准确判断句子结构。when引导时间状语从句，what he really needs充当这个时间状语从句的主语。

10.正确答案：B答案解析：本题考查的是短语区分。A.不休息地，连续地;B.不知所措，茫然，不了解;C.任意的，随便的;D.最后，终于。句意：医生们不了解执行安乐死的准则。

11.正确答案：B答案解析：此题考查词汇。A.大约;B.绝对地;C.完全地;D.惟一的。句意：他入学考试分数很低，完全不可能被这所大学录取。

12.正确答案：A答案解析：此题为主将从现，一般现在时用于从句表将来。译文：我们约定，大学三年毕业后我们将再次见面。

13.正确答案：C答案解析：what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。句意：尽管汤姆对自己的学术成就很满意，但是他想知道他的家庭生活将会如何?

14.正确答案：A答案解析：此题考查倒装句。否定词位于句首，句子应该部分倒装。句意：我们国家从来没有像今天一样进步如此迅速。

15.正确答案：A答案解析：where引导的定语从句修饰先行词Shakespeare Theatre.此处并非强调结构，将“Is it去掉后，可以看出，这个句子缺少介词，所以，如果在原句中Shakespeare Theatre的前面加上介词in或at，则成为强调句。

16.正确答案：B答案解析：本题考察与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

17.正确答案：C答案解析：注意，本句话并非定语从句，而是宾语从句。因为在介词in 后面，应该用what引导的宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作主语。

18.正确答案：B答案解析：虚拟语气用法。句意：我(那时)真的很担心你。你本不应该不留个话就离开家。

19.正确答案：C答案解析：句意：他被说服退出竞选总统。convince使相信;信服;说服。

6.研究生英语二模拟题 篇六

逻辑部分（50题，每题2分，满分100分，考试时间45分钟）

01.东方航空公司的大型客机FS115抵达北京后，三个记者站在出口处采访刚下飞机的乘客：“您对刚乘坐的班机的服务有什么不满意的地方吗？”只有20%的被采访者回答“有”。东方航空公司根据这一抽样结果，得出结论：至少有80%的乘客对东方航空公司的服务是满意的。以下哪项，如果为真，将最有力地动摇上述结论？ A．上述FS115班机抵达北京时晚点4个小时。B．有10%的采访者拒绝回答记者的提问。C．记者只能随意采访大约70%离开出口的乘客。D．记者采访离开出口的乘客60%不是乘坐FS115的。

02.甲、乙、丙三个人在议论： 甲：“乙比我大三岁，丙比我小四岁。”

乙：“甲的年龄是六的倍数，丙比甲的年龄大。” 丙：“我比甲大一岁，甲的年龄是七的倍数。

但他们讲的并非完全可靠。六句话中，有三句是真的，三句是假的。已经知道年龄最大的一个最诚实，说的两句话都是真话；而年龄最小的说的两句话都是假话；另一个说的两句话则一句是真话一句是假话。

还知道他们三人的年龄都在31岁到来40岁之间（不含31岁和40岁）。那么，你看丙的年龄该是多少呢？ A．33 B．35 C．37 D．39 03.到目前为止，核威慑政策是成功的。第二次世界大战结束以后，对毁灭性的核战争的恐惧，使拥有核武器的超级大国都不敢轻易动用它。超级大国之间的第三次世界大战还没有爆发就足以证明了这一点。

以下哪一项如果为真，指出了上述论证中的错误？

A.保持较高水平的核武器装备会使一个国家的经济实力枯竭。

B.根据以前的经验，我们无法对未来做出任何确定的预测，一个小的事故也可能触发第三次世界大战。

C.超出核威慑所需要的最小的武器量而继续制造核武器会增加出现事故的可能性。D.现在还不知道没有发生核冲突的原因是否真的就是核威慑的作用，也许其他一些因素，比如和平时期的经济建设，也起了相当大的作用。

04.某市市长任命了一名黄种人担任市教育厅长，许多白种人和黑种人指责这一任命是一种显示各族平等的政治姿态；后来市长又任命了一名黑人商人担任市财政总监，许多白种人和黄种人对这一任命又作出了同样的指责。确实，市长作出上述任命的时候很大程度上是出于政治上的考虑，但这又有什么错呢?况且，上述任命完全在城市宪章赋予市长的权力范围之内。

以下哪项，如果为真，最能加强上述论证? A.各族平等是业已受到宪法和公众确认的普遍原则。

B.评价一项任命的根据不仅是看这一任命是否符合法律程序，而且更要看其是否有利于公众的需要。

C.在作出了上述任命之后，市长紧接着又任命了一名白种人担任警事总监。D.被任命的教育厅长和财政总监完全能够胜任他们的职位。

数学部分 1.在小于100的合数中，每个合数可以写成 个质数的乘积，则 的最大值是（）A．3 B．4 C．5 D．6 2．如果甲、乙两座水库的存水量之比为6：3，要使两座水库的水量相等，甲水库向乙水库的输水量占其存水量的（）A． ． B． C． D．

3．一件工程，甲独做30天可以完成，乙独做20天可以完成，甲先做了若干天后，由乙接着做，如果这样甲、乙二人合起来共做了22天，那么甲、乙两人各做了（）． A．4，18 B．6，16 C．10，12 D．11，11 4．若方程组 的解 成等差数列，则（）。A． B。C。D。

语文部分

第一部分 语言表达能力测试（50题，每题2分，满分100分，考试时间45分钟）

一、选择题

1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是

A．良莠不齐（yǒu）表情呆板（dāi）强词夺理（qiáng）尔虞我诈（yú）B．咬文嚼字（jué）一暴十寒（pù）惝恍迷离（tǎng）穿凿附会（záo）C．心广体胖（pán）莞尔一笑（wǎn）血肉模糊（mó）所向披靡（mǐ）D．淆乱乾坤（xiáo）贫瘠不堪（jí）自怨自艾（yì）暴殄天物（zhěn）

2．下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是 A．嘻笑怒骂 骚人墨客 乔装打扮 成群结队 B．开门缉盗 色厉内荏 绿草如阴 不苟言笑 C．积思广益 迫不及待 闪烁其辞 巧取豪夺 D．卑躬屈膝 棋高一着 始作俑者 真知灼见

3．对下列词语意义的解释，正确的一组是

A．切齿(咬牙)

切中时弊(恰好符合时尚)

切脉(按脉)

切磋琢磨(比喻学习商讨)B．赤贫(贫穷极了)

赤县神州(中国的别称)

赤子(初生婴儿)

赤地千里(革命形势发展壮大)C．金鼓(金钟和战鼓)

金兰之契(交情投合的朋友)

金针(比喻秘法)

金声玉振(比喻人的知识渊博，才学精到)D．心仪(仰慕)

心猿意马(形容心思不定)

心腹(比喻要害)

心旷神怡(心境开阔，精神转移)4．下列句子中，加点成语使用恰当的一句是（）

A．神舟五号载人航天飞行的成功，实现了渴望飞翔但又插翅难飞的中国人千年来的梦想。B．优等生的学习效率非常高，与其他同学忙着赶作业相比，他们常常能够无所事事地阅读课外书籍。

C．在学习的道路上是没有捷径可寻的，要有一股韧劲，如果遇到一点困难就畏缩不前、功败垂成，是不会有什么成就的。

D．在文学作品中，对那些芸芸众生应该如何写，是大可研究的，所谓“中间人物”正是社会的主流。

英语部分

外语运用能力模拟测试（英语）（50题，每题2分，满分100分）Part One Vocabulary and Structure Directions:

There are ten incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1．The former governor withdrew from political life and as ________ he was soon forgotten.A．an end B．a result C．an outcome D．an event 2.With the gradual improvement of transportation and communications, farmers have now had easier __________ to cities and towns.A.access B.reach C.approach D.touch 3.Corruption in the running of the city’s largest bank was __________ in People’s Daily yesterday.A.detected B.detested C.exposed D.discovered 4.The software is a popular tool in business, where it ____________ and simplifies such procedures as budgeting.A.puts on B.puts forward C.takes after D.speeds up 参考答案

逻辑：1.D

2.C

3.D

4.D 数学：1.D

2.B

3.B

4.A 语文：1.C

2.D

3.C

4.D 英语：1.B 2.A

7.研究生英语二模拟题 篇七

邯邢地区是河北省乃至全国重要的煤炭生产基地, 陶二煤矿四下采区又是该矿目前主要的生产区, 陶二矿在开采-380 m以下2#煤层时[1], 严重受下部伏青和火成岩水 (火成岩厚度>210 m, 水位-80 m) 的威胁, 自1996年2#煤层12418工作面突水以来 (水量205 m3/h) , -380 m水平以下各工作面均有突水现象, 且工作面突水位置基本位于一条直线, 尽管已采用了强排等措施, 但效果不佳。工作面突水已严重威胁到陶二煤矿的安全生产。

根据陶二煤矿12427工作面具体情况, 本次研究共设计三个观测孔, 在每个观测孔内的不同深度分别埋置了三个应力计。通过应力计观测煤层开采前后不同方向、不同深度的应力、应变大小及其变化情况, 并由现场观测得到的各项观测数据及试验获得的煤层底板岩石力学指标等参数, 利用数值模拟软件FLAC3D建立了相应的三维地质模型, 分析了煤层底板的破坏深度和破坏规律, 为该矿2#煤层的安全开采提供了科学依据。

1 地质概况

陶二煤矿位于河北省邯郸县境内, 煤矿南北长约13 km, 东西宽约1.70~3.78 km, 有效勘探面积约28 km2, 最大勘探深度1 200 m。井田基本构造为一向东倾伏的单斜地层, 大部走向为南北向至N30°E, 区域内构造发育, 地层倾角一般10°~15°。主要含煤地层为石炭系中统本溪组、上统太原组和二叠系下统山西组, 煤系地层总厚度174~267 m, 平均厚度207 m。其中2#煤层为主要可采煤层之一。

2 FLAC3D软件数值模拟研究

FLAC3D软件近年来已广泛应用于三维地学研究, 本次研究是利用FLAC3D对陶二煤矿2#煤层底板破坏规律进行了数值模拟分析。

2.1 岩石力学参数的确定

岩石是一种脆性材料, 当荷载达到屈服强度后将发生破坏、弱化, 应属于弹塑性体[2]。在FLAC3D中, 对于弹塑性材料, 其破坏判据准则有德拉克-普拉格准则和莫尔-库仑准则, 本次研究选择莫尔-库仑准则。根据陶二煤矿的地质特征和开采技术条件, 对不同开采阶段、不同深度煤层底板应力分布、破坏状态的影响进行数值模拟分析研究。数值模拟需要测定的顶底板岩石力学参数包括体积模量 (B) 、剪切模量 (S) 、粘聚力 (C) 、内摩擦角 (F) 、抗拉强度 (T) 、密度 (D) 等指标。本次研究采取邯郸矿业集团陶二煤矿12427工作面煤层底板岩芯, 由试验室测试得到各种岩性剪切模量、粘聚力、内摩擦角、抗拉强度、密度, 体积模量根据经验值取得, 各参数如表1所示。

2.2 计算模型的建立

煤层开采力学分析是三维问题。此次计算模型范围:水平方向沿矿体走向X长440 m, 垂直矿体走向方向Y取250 m, 铅直方向Z取160 m。即最终形成的模型长×宽×高为:440 m×250 m×160 m。经单元划分, 形成计算网格, 共计153 510个区带, 162 448个节点。在计算范围内2#煤层平均埋深578.4 m, 倾角18°, 煤层厚度4.0 m。2#煤层上方有571.4 m厚的岩层, 7 m厚的冲积层, 模型上边界按至地表岩体的自重施加垂直荷载13.025 MPa, 模型下边界施加2.1 MPa水压, 煤层下方岩层距伏青灰岩平均厚度68 m, 模型侧面采用滚筒边界限制水平移动, 模型底面采用固定边界, 限制底板移动。计算模型范围如图1所示。

2.3 计算方案的确定

根据12427工作面实际情况, 确定计算方案为:

(1) 工作面采用分步回采, 每步回采20 m, 累计开挖16步, 共完成进尺320 m;

(2) 沿工作面倾向长度每30 m监测底板应力、位移变化情况。

2.4 模拟结果分析

在模型中, 走向为440 m, 在中部320 m范围进行了16步模拟开采, 每步间距20 m, 每一步模拟分别作出了沿工作面倾向的最大主应力、最小主应力剖面图及塑性状态剖面图, 同时监测了煤层底板下距煤层1 m、5 m、10 m、15 m、20 m、25 m的位移、应力的变化情况, 本文选取40 m、320 m (终采) 的模拟结果, 对不同回采时步底板垂直应力及塑性状态进行分析如图2~5所示。

2.4.1 回采过程中底板垂直应力及塑性破坏分布

随煤层开挖过程的进行, 原岩应力发生重新分布, 不同的回采时步中垂直应力集中最大的部位发生在工作面的上、下出口附近位置[3], 且下出口集中程度要高于上出口, 且随工作面开采距离的增大总体呈现增加趋势, 由图2知回采40 m时, 最大应力集中为-25.85 MPa (压应力为负, 拉应力为正, 下同) , 应力集中系数1.7, 图4知终采时应力集中增加到-45.94 MPa, 应力集中系数3.0, 表明回采过程中煤层底板下出口应力集中程度较大, 下出口附近煤层底板破坏程度也较严重。

底板破坏深度随工作面回采进行呈逐步增加趋势, 初次来压过后变化较明显, 工作面推进120 m后达到稳定状态, 并在终采时达到最大值, 最大破坏深度h1=14.75 m。由塑性破坏状态图知, 工作面回采过程中下出口破坏深度大于上出口。

2.4.2 回采过程中底板位移分布

在工作面开采状态下, 煤层底板具有压缩、膨胀、恢复三个阶段, 这三个阶段随着工作面推进而重复出现。工作面向前推进过程, 切眼处煤壁位移量和工作面前方煤壁位移量整体呈增加趋势。由于开采步距影响顶板垮落周期, 底板位移会随着顶板周期性垮落而呈现周期性变化。从切眼到工作面顶底板最大主应力呈轴对称分布, 同样在这个区间顶底板位移分布规律也呈对称性分布。通过对煤层底板下不同深度位置的变形监测和位移云图分析知, 底板下同一深度位置随工作面的推进其变形也越来越大, 同一位置不同深度变形能力随深度的增大而减小。煤层开采之后, 位于煤柱区的底板岩体受支承压力的作用被压缩而产生垂直向下的位移。随着开采深度的增加, 其位移量有增大的趋势。

3 经验公式

由现场观测、数值模拟结果、工作面突水实例及室内分析计算表明, 底板破坏深度与工作面埋深、倾斜长度和采高之间有一定的相关关系。应用数理统计线性回归方法, 可以得出埋深在800 m之内的煤层底板破坏深度与上述诸因素的关系式 (经验公式) :

h=0.001 5 H+0.074 1 Lx+0.154 9 M+4.208 5

式中, h为煤层底板破坏深度, m;H为煤层埋藏深度, m;Lx为工作面倾斜长度, m;M为工作面回采高度, m。

对公式的校验结果表明, 工作面倾斜长度对Δh的影响最大, 其次是工作面采高。

4 结论

根据陶二煤矿12427工作面实际观测数据, 通过对2#煤层底板破坏规律的数值模拟分析, 得出如下结论:

(1) 工作面回采过程中, 工作面及围岩应力分布具有复杂状态, 工作面上、下出口的煤壁是应力集中最严重的部位, 且整个回采过程中, 下出口应力集中程度要高于上出口, 表明下出口煤层底板受到的应力作用强烈, 其附近煤层底板破坏程度也比较严重;

(2) 根据数值模拟结果, 通过对回采过程中位移与塑性破坏状态的分析, 获得了2#煤层底板破坏的最大深度为14.75 m;

(3) 综合现场观测数据、数值模拟结果、工作面突水实例及室内分析计算, 利用数理统计线性回归方法得出埋深在800 m之内的煤层底板破坏深度计算的经验公式。

摘要：通过对陶二煤矿三维地应力的现场观测, 利用数值模拟软件FLAC3D模拟了不同开采阶段煤层底板的应力场、位移场及塑性破坏区域的分布情况, 研究了煤层底板的破坏规律, 并根据陶二煤矿的实际情况, 提出了该矿2#煤层底板破坏深度的经验公式, 为该矿2#煤层安全开采提供了科学依据。

关键词：陶二煤矿,数值模拟,底板破坏深度

参考文献

[1]关英斌, 王峰, 杨彦利, 等.陶二煤矿下山采区水文地质条件及防治水综合研究[R].河北:河北工程大学, 2008.

[2]龚纪文, 崔建军, 席先武, 等.FLAC数值模拟软件及其在地学中的应用[J].大地构造与成矿学, 2002, 26 (3) :321-325.

8.研究生英语二模拟题 篇八

关键词：商务英语函电 “模拟实训”模式 实践

《商务英语函电》是一门集商务贸易知识、英语语言表达和写作水平于一体的专业课程，是国际商务交流的重要工具。它以进出口业务流程的各个环节为主线，对商务函电特点、结构、写作方法及商务文化一一解析。具体来讲，该课程主要涉及商务函电的撰写原则、组成部分和格式以及包括建立业务关系、询盘、报盘、还盘和订购、支付方式、包装、装运、保险、索赔等各个环节的函电写作要领。这一特点就要求学生最终能掌握外贸英语的专业词汇、术语和基本句型，进而掌握进出口业务流程的各个环节中交流信函的写法，并能在实际中熟练运用。由此可见，这门课程具有很强的专业理论性，实践性和实用性，需要英语水平和商务贸易知识的综合理解和运用，是集理论与实训于一体的综合技能课。如何让学生喜欢上这门课程， 帮助他们掌握必备的商务知识和写作技能， 并将其应用到以后的工作实践中？从理论与实践相结合的角度看，“模拟实训”教学模式不失为一种有效的尝试。笔者将通过分析商务英语专业中《商务英语函电》课程教学现状来探讨这一课程中“模拟实训”教学模式的重要性及其运用。

一、 商务英语专业中《商务英语函电》课程教学现状

（一）传统的教学模式占主导地位

目前多数高校，即使是应用型的民办学院，大多采用“重理论，轻实践”的传统教学模式，对理论与实践的结合还没有形成一套成熟完整的体系，尤其对学生具体业务实际操练远远少于理论知识的讲解，因而不能有效地激发学生的主动性和积极性，很大程度上影响了最终的教学效果。

（二）专业课程设置结构不合理

当下有部分高校开设了商务英语专业，但是部分专业课程设置也相对不合理。多数课程都是强调商务和英语专业理论知识，缺乏与之对应的实训课程、实践环节和实训配套设施。没有针对性强的实训课程和实训操作平台，商务英语知识的运用和外贸业务的模拟操作也是纸上谈兵，而且民办学院的应用型目标也成了一句空口号。因此商务英语专业课程培养方案应该设置专门的实践训练课，并配以相应的学分，以培养和提高学生的实操能力、专业技能和素质为目标。

（三）学生基础知识不扎实

《商务英语函电》课程要求商务贸易知识和英语基础知识的综合应用，二者缺一不可。然而从笔者多年的教学实践中不难发现学生的知识结构存在偏颇的现象。比如英语专业的学生对商务贸易知识一知半解，更不用说业务操作技能了，而国际贸易专业和工商管理专业学生的英语写作基础知识不扎实，更不用说专业性很强的商务英语函电写作了。那么教师在有限的课堂内既要巩固学生的英语语言表达水平，又要讲解商务贸易知识和函电写作方法，这就严重限制了教师的授课内容要点和课堂活动，无法达到预期的课程教学效果。

（四）教师知识结构不平衡

民办学院商务英语专业的教师大多学历高、语言基础扎实、理论知识丰富，但是商务贸易知识和实践经验相对缺乏。而且他们的知识仅来源于书本，只能根据个人对教材的学习和理解，向学生进行传授，缺乏实际运用的经验，往往容易造成理论与实践的严重脱节。

由此可见，这一课程的教学现状急需调整，而该课程强调实践教学环节，这就需要引入“模拟实训”教学模式来改变，从而实现良好的教学效果。

二、模拟实训”教学模式的内容和重要性

顾名思义，“模拟实训”教学模式是一种教师依托外贸实训平台指导学生进行模拟实际外贸活动的一种仿真操作训练过程，它强调教师指导下的师生互动。这种实践性教学模式在商务英语函电课程教学应用中的重要性体现于两大方面：一是它能使学生置身于模拟的“商务环境”中，经历各项业务的操作， 以此解决商务英语专业学生实践实习难的问题，因而是一种相当经济的实践教学方法。二是它始终以学生为中心，让学生参与整个教学过程，使学生完整系统地熟悉整个贸易流程。

由此可见，这种由学生参与、师生互动的仿真实训模式重在引导学生在模拟场景下写出逻辑性强、符合实际情况的商务信函，而不是简单被动地进行翻译或背诵练习，这样也避免了学生学习专业理论的抽象性和枯燥性，有效地实现专业理论知识向实际操作能力的转化，更有助于学生生动形象地、系统地理解和掌握外贸专业知识。同时也能有效地检验学生的实际操作和应变能力，进而培养学生分析并解决问题的能力，从而能使学生在综合素质、专业技术能力以及团队合作精神等方面更加符合现代企业的要求。

三、“模拟实训”教学模式的具体应用

“模拟实训”教学模式的运用应该基于《商务英语函电》这一课程的主要内容和特点。根据教学大纲，《商务英语函电》课程的主要内容分为九个部分：建立业务关系;询盘;报盘与还盘;确定订单与合同;支付;包装;保险;运输;索赔与理赔。实际上，这九个部分可以归纳为三大阶段：一是售前交易磋商（建立业务关系、询盘、报盘与还盘）;二是售中交易成交（确定订单与合同、支付、包装、保险、运输），三是售后交易处理（索赔与理赔）。在具体的实训教学过程中，教师可以把这三个阶段分为三大模块分别进行模块单项实训和综合实训。

模块单项实训是指各大模块中单个环节的分项训练。在实训课上，教师可以基于外贸实例及相关背景，根据各个不同的外贸环节，分别讲解各类函电的要点及形式，指导学生对照逐一进行撰写训练。而模块综合实训是指对各大模块中的单项环节进行综合实训。在实训课上，教师可以把学生分成若干组，以小组为单位，模拟进出口双方，以来往函电方式模拟操作包括如何建立业务关系;询盘、报盘、还盘和订货;支付;包装;装运;保险;索赔在内的整个贸易流程活动。具体来讲，可以分三个步骤来实施：

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（一） 准备阶段

要想顺利地有效地开展模拟实训的课堂教学实践，前期的准备工作不可忽视。首先学生要了解进出口贸易流程，熟知英语函电的格式、各种专业术语和套话的用法并且会应用，而且还要利用课余时间进行前期的资料搜索和收集以备用;其次，教师最好提前将全班同学分组，学生可以互相扮演不同的贸易对象，也可以互换对象，这样可以让学生提前做好角色定位和准备，能够激发学生对函电课程的学习兴趣。

（二）实施阶段

具体实施过程是函电课程模拟实训教学的核心阶段。教师可以利用实训平台建立“模拟公司”，并布置虚拟任务，指导学生通过撰写往来函电完成任务，达到实训目的。比如设计案例如下：张家港某服装出口公司创建于1988 年，有多年的出口成衣设计、生产和销售的经验。该公司的业务员通过网络得知潜在客户ANC公司想在中国寻找合适的供应商建立长期合作关系。业务员先给ANC公司写了一封建立业务关系的信函，并随信附上自己公司和产品的简介。ANC公司回信表示愿意建交并要求报盘。于是贸易双方开始了交易磋商，并最终达成协议，签订并履行了合同。

基于以上案例，学生可分小组分别扮演进出口双方来完成函电洽谈任务。小组成员可以自行分派任务，利用实训平台的模拟系统撰写建交函、询价函、报盘函、还盘函和订购信函，最后达成协议，签订并履行合同。学生写完所有往来信函后，教师可以让小组成员内部讨论交流，也可以让不同的小组交叉评估。教师也可以抽取部分小组，派代表进行成果展示，组织学生一起对所写函电的结构、内容、语言等方面进行点评。这样可以及时对训练结果进行必要的评价和指导，解决中间出现的问题，能让学生学会商务英语函电的写作技巧，增强对课堂知识的理解和应用能力，从而加深他们对函电写作的掌握和外贸业务的理解。

（三）评价阶段

学生任务完成后需要教师最后的总结和评价，使学生在训练中发现自己的不足，并及时弥补不断提高。如果在教学中引入模拟实训，该课程的考核和评价方式也要相应改变，即期末考试和模拟实训得分各占50%。那么只有真正合格的实训者才能通过测试取得相应的成绩。这种灵活的考试方式会使学生认真对待平时的模拟实训，加强学生对函电撰写的学习效果，从而真正提高他们商务函电写作的水平。

以上都是“模拟实训”教学模式种种优势的体现，然而在实施过程中它也存在一些问题。比如其中的集中实践教学环节是分组训练完成的，小组间可能任务分配不均衡;教师评定学生成绩的时间短暂，很难做到每份都点评，可能存在走马观花式的负面效果。另外，这种实践教学环节是一套连续性的项目练习，各个环节需要分配具体的学时，这也需要教师在教学实践中不断地摸索加以改进和完善，直至形成一套完整合理的训练方案。

综上所述，“模拟实训”教学模式强调学生主动参与和师生积极互动，不仅能够快速激发学生的学习兴趣和积极性，而且能明显提高学生的实际操作及应变能力，有助于培养学生的创新能力和职业素质，为他们将来的实习和就业打下夯实的实践基础。因而它是一种值得大力推广的教学模式，但还有待探索、完善，以求更好的发展。作为应用型民办学院商务英语专业的教师，笔者更要不断提高自身的专业英语水平，丰富自己的外贸知识，才能更好地使实践与教学相结合，努力成为一名优秀的双师型教师，为社会培养技能型、复合型和应用型的商务英语人才做出应有的贡献。

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