英语重要句型总结

英语重要句型总结（精选8篇）

1.英语重要句型总结 篇一

七年级上学期英语总复习

一、英语常识：

1、每个英文句子首字母必须大写。

26个英文字母中Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu为元音字母；其余均为辅音字母。

2、用英文书写人名、地名（李华：Li Hua张丽芳：Zhang Lifang

上海：Shanghai王府井：Wang Fujing）姓和名的第一个字母要大写，且姓和名中间空一格

3、身体好可以用fine,OK和well。Eg.I am feeling well.我很好。

4、英文名字名在前姓在后。(Jack Brown)

5、英文信件开头用Dear加称谓在左上角顶格写，信末在右下角用“FromYoursLove，”,另起一行落上写信人姓名。

6、三者或三者以上人或物并列时前者用逗号隔开，最后两者用and连接。

(1)、There is an English book, two Chinese books and an eraser in my schoolbag.（2）、There are two books, an egg,an orange and a CD on the desk.附：There be句型表示某地有某物或某地有某人，其中be的用法遵循“就近原则”！（也就是紧跟在be动词后的第一个名词的单复数来定。）

7、play+球类（tennis网球ping-pong乒乓球soccer英式足球football足球volleyball排球baseball棒球basketball篮球）;

play+the+乐器。

8、letlet’s后跟动词原形。

9、That sounds good.那听起来不错。

10、一日三餐和所吃食物之间用for连接。

11、提问价钱用How much+isare+所问物品?

12、英文年、月、日的正确表达：月日，年。例如：2012年12月25日表达为：Dec.25,2012。

13、日期的表达只到年、月用in;到某日就用on!例如:in 2012in May,2011in October;on May.1,201114、日期的表达用序数词，1，21，31，2，22，3，23,其余都用阿拉伯数字加th。

15、基数词变序数词的规则：一，二，三，特殊记；th从四起；八去t,九去e;ve要用f替；见到整十变y为ie,再加th;见到几十几，只需变个位！（one---first;two---second;three---third;eight---eighth;nine---ninth;five---fifth;twelve---twelfth;twenty---twentieth;twenty-one----twenty-first）

16、见到real就变really!

17、favorite前必须用“的”字。same前用定冠词the!

18、用why提问回答用because。stststndndrdrdstth19、陌生人第一次见面问好可用How do you do?回答也用How do you do?

还可以用Nice to meet you.回答用Nice to meet you, too.20、男子姓氏前均用Mr;

女子姓氏前用Miss(未婚)Mrs（已婚）Ms（不指明婚否）

21、常考介词：

（1）、in the moringafternoonevening在上午，在下午，在晚上

at night在夜晚

on Monday morning在星期一的上午；

on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚

（2）、在树上：外来物用in;自身长的用on!例如：

There are some birds singing in the tree.(有一些鸟在树上唱歌。)

We can see many yellow leaves on that big tree.(我们可以看见许多黄叶子在那棵大树上。)

22、可数名词单数变复数规则：

（1）、以s,x,ch,sh结尾加es;bus（公共汽车）,box（箱，盒）,watch（手表）,dish（碟，盘，小菜）

（2）、以辅音字母加y结尾变y为ie再加s;baby（婴儿）,lady（夫人，女士）,strawburry（草莓）

（3）、以o结尾，有生命的加es;无生命的加s;tomato（西红柿）,potato（土豆）,hero（英雄），photo（照片）；

（4）、一般直接加s;

附：特殊单词特殊记：man---men;(男人)woman---women;（女人）child---children（小孩）；foot---feet（脚、足）

23、记住以下不可数名词：milk(牛奶)；rice(大米、米饭)；bread(面包)；meat(肉)；

24、记住我们常用的动词形式：

（1）、单词表上所学未经过改变的动词为动词原形，在以后的学习中我们用do代替；

（2）、“to+动词原形”为动词不定式，用to do 代替；

（3）、动词ing形式，又叫动名词或现在分词；用doing代替

（4）、动词单三形式（在一般现在时态里主语是单三形式是动词必须用单三形式）；have—has;do---does;like---likes;watch---watches25、be(am,is,are)的用法：

I用am;you 用are;非I非you（单三形式）用is；复数一律都用are!

例如：--What’s your name?--I(be)Jack.---(be)you Mary?---No, I’m not.I’m Jenny.My father(be)a good teacher.My sister and I(be)in the same class.Who(be)your English teacher?

26、Be(am,is,are);情态动词(can,may,must);助动词（do;does）开头的问句叫做一般疑问句，有肯定回答（Yes）和否定回答（No）。

27、记住以下疑问词:what什么；

where在哪里；到哪里；

how怎样；

when什么时候；何时；

how old 几岁；多大年纪

how much多少钱

二、常用对话：

1、--Goodmorning!--Goodmorning!早上好！

--Goodafternoon!--Goodafternoon!下午好！

--Goodevening!--Goodevening!晚上好！

--Goodnight!--Goodnight!晚安！

2、--How are you?--I’m fine, thanks.How are you?

这里的fine可以用OK或者well替换，How are you?可以用And you?替换。

3、--What’s this in English?

4、--What’s that in English?

--It’s a key.--It’s an orange.--Spell it ,plese.–-Can you spell it,plese?

--K-E-Y, key.--O-R-A-N-G-E,orange.--What color is it?--What color is it?

--It’s white.---It’s yellow.三、常见短语:

1、name list名单

2、in English 用英语

3、full name全名

4、first name=given name名字

5、last name=family name姓氏

6、phone number=telephone number电话号码

7、name card名片

8、ID card身份证、学生卡

9、ask for请求、询问

11school ID card学生证

12、middle school中学

13、a piece of 一张（片、段、、、、、、）

14、family tree家谱

15、family photo全家福

16、computer game电子游戏

17、excuse me劳驾；请问；打扰一下；对不起；

18、play computer game玩打电子游戏

19、Lost and Found失物招领

20、a set of keys一串钥匙

21、call sb=ring sb打电话给某人

22、come on快点儿；赶快；加油

23、tape player录音机

24、pencil box=pencil case文具盒

25、model plane飞机模型

26、thank you for=thanks for为、、、、、、而感谢

27、be late迟到

28、ball game球赛

29、watch TV看电视30、on TV通过电视

31、go to the same school上同一所学校

32、next week下周33、after class=after school放学后

34、birthday party生日聚会

35、birthday cake生日蛋糕

36、think about=think of思考、思索

37、fruit salad水果沙拉

38、vegetable salad蔬菜沙拉

39、ice-cream冰激凌40、brown bread黑面包

41、next to在、、、、、、附近；在、、、、、、旁边；紧挨着

42、healthy food健康食品

43、green food绿色食品

44、sports star=P.E.star体育明星

45、eating habits饮食习惯

46、want to do sth想要做某事

47、want to be 想当、想成为

48、how much多少钱

49、a pair of shorts一条短裤

50、a pair of trousers一条裤子

51、a pair of shoes一双鞋子

52、a pair of red shorts一条红色的短裤

53、a pair of black shoes一双黑色的鞋子

54、Can I help you?=May I help you?我能帮你吗？能为你效劳吗？

55、I’ll take it.我买下了。

56、Here you are.给你。

57、clothes store服装店

58、book store书店

59、I see.=I know.我知道了。我明白了。60、English test英语测试

61、school trip校外活动62、School Day学校活动日

63、art festival艺术节64、Spring Festival春节

65、English party英语派对66、See you!再见！

67、Have a good time!过得愉快！玩得开心！good可用great代替。

68、New Year’s Day新年69、Women’s Day妇女节

70、Children’s Day儿童节71、National Day国庆节

72、P.E teacher体育老师73、play games玩游戏

74、play„with与、、、、、、玩耍75、the next day第二天

76、for sure无疑；肯定77、the same as与、、、、、、一样

78、after that在那之后79、how old多大（年纪）；几岁

80、from„to„从、、、、、、到、、、、、、81、at school在学校

82、at home在家83、How’s your day？今天可好？

84、go home回家85、go to school去上学

86、go to bed上床睡觉87、get up起床

四、同义词、同义短语：

1、Hi=Hello2、bye=goodbye3、thanks=thank you4、phone=telephone5、photo=picture6、phone number=telephone number7、what about=how about8、first name=given name9、last name=family name10、thank you for=thanks for11、call sb=ring sb12、after class=after school

五、常见反义词、对应词

1、this---that2、these---those3、black---white4、boy---girl5、father---mother6、brother---sister7、big---small8、short----long9、short---tall10、free---busy11、六、常见缩写形式：

1、HB2、CD3、BBC4、NBA5、kg6、UFO7、CCTV8、USA9、UN10、let’s=let us11、I’m=I am12、it’s=it is13、name’s=name is14、he’s=he is15、she’s=she is16、what’s=what is

七、同音异义词：

1、to----too----two2、meet----meat3、bye----buy

2.英语重要句型总结 篇二

1.can/could not...too

can/could never...too表示“无论怎样也不过分”。例如:You can never be too careful in performing an experiment.做实验越仔细越好。

2.can/could not...enough意为“无论怎么都不够”, 表示强烈的肯定。例如:I cannot thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。

3.nothing but表示“只有, 只不过”, 含肯定意义。例如:We could see nothing but water.我们只看见一大片水。

4.never too...to是对too...to的再否定, 表示肯定。例如:It is never too late to give up prejudices.放弃偏见永远不晚。

5.not…without…没有……就没有;在这个句型中, 使用两个否定, 用来加强语气, 表示肯定意义。例如:One cannot live even a few minutes without air.没有空气, 人们甚至连几分钟也不能生存。

6.nothing if not表示“极其”, 含强烈的肯定意义。例如:The story was nothing if not interesting.故事极其有趣。

7.nothing less than表示“完全是”, 有肯定的含义。例如:His negligence was nothing less than criminal.他的粗心大意无异于犯罪。

8.too...not to表示“太……不会不……”, 具有肯定意义。例如:His speech was too good not to stir the audience.他的演讲太好了, 不会不使观众轰动。

9.no的否定意义很强, 和具有否定意义的名词连用, 来表示强烈的肯定。例如:There is no question that Mr.Smith is the boss.毫无疑问, 史密斯先生就是老板。

10.双重否定表示强烈的肯定。否定+否定=肯定, 加强句子的肯定语气, 这样的双重否定句被称之为肯定型双重否定句。

双重否定表肯定的句型分类

1) 谓语否定+状语否定You cannot make egg rolls with out breaking eggs不打破鸡蛋, 就无法做出蛋卷来。 (即:有失才有得。)

2) 主语否定+状语否定In some countries no major business is carried on without eye contact, requiring face to face conversation在有些国家, 一切公事都要面对面地进行, 需要当面交谈。

3) 主语否定+谓语否定Nobody does not believe in him人人相信他。

4) 谓语否定+宾语否定We can't afford not to believe the missile attack我们不得不相信这导弹袭击是真的。

5) 主语否定+宾语否定Nobody has no access to the sporting facilities人人都可以使用这些体育器材。

6) 主语否定+补语否定Nothing is nothing at all没有一件事是微不足道的。

7) 否定词+否定意义的动词/名词/形容词/副词There is no denying the fact that your action has affected her normal life不可否认, 你的行为已经影响了她的正常生活。

8) 主句否定+从句否定In the neighborhood there is nobody who does not know me在这儿, 我绝对是个名人。There is no rule but has exceptions任何规则都有例外。

11.not...until/till表示“直到……才”, 具有肯定的意义

12.“否定词+so+adj./adv.+as”结构, 从反面表示“最”, 是一种强烈的肯定。

13.not...for nothing中, not用来否定for nothing, 从而加强了谓语的肯定意义。

14.否定的感叹句、疑问句常表示肯定意义。

15.以Why don't you...和Why not...开头的疑问句往往表示邀请、建议、指导等, 具有肯定意义。例如:Why not come and see me tomorrow?明天来看我怎么样?

16.nothing (或no+名词) but…只有;仅仅;Nothing but=only, 表示肯定意义, 例如:No one but him in our class can swim across the river.在我们班上, 只有他能游过这条河。

17.祈使疑问句;否定感叹疑问句表示的肯定表示肯定意义。例如:Isn't the film wonderful?多么好的一部影片啊!

18.hardly/scarcely…when…一 (刚) ……就……;例如:He hadhardly/scarcely arrivedwhenitbeganto rain.他一到天就开始下雨了。

19.no sooner…than…一 (刚) ……就……;例如:No sooner had they got to the theatre than the concert began.他们刚跨进剧院, 音乐会就开始了。

20.can+not+be+形容词+enough/can not+动词原形+too much (highly) 越……越好;无论怎样也不过分;例如:He is a hero.We can not praise him too much (highly) 。他是英雄, 我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。

21.否定词+比较级 (相当于最高级) , 常见的句型是:have never+过去分词+比较级最……;再没有比……更…;该句型从反面表示“最……”的概念。例如:We have never seen a more interesting film than this one这部电影是我们看过的最有趣的影片。

22.can't (help) but…只好;不得不;必然;在这个结构中, help可省略, but后面接不带to的不定式。例如:He can't (help) but admit that he was wrong.他只好承认自己是错了。

23.can't help doing something情不自禁地做某事。例如:Hearing the joke, we couldn't help laughing.听了这个笑话, 我情不自禁地笑了起来。

24.not+含否定意义的词缀的词。例如:It is not uncommon for a great scholar to be ignorant in everyday affairs.一个伟大的学者, 对日常事务无知, 这种情况并不罕见。

25.有些带否定词的短语, 在使用时并不构成否定意义, 即表示肯定意义。例如:As often as not the buses are late on foggy days.遇多雾天气时, 公共汽车经常晚点。

26.not a little意为“很, 很多”。例如:He has not a little experience.他有着丰富的经验?

27.more often than not意为“常常, 往往”。例如:The street is crowded more often than not.这条大街常常很拥挤。

28.cannot wait后跟不定式, 意为“急于做”, 表示强调的肯定I cannot wait to see her.我渴望见到她。

29.never (not) …but (that) 意为“每当……, 总是……, 没有哪次不是……”。I never see you but I think of my mother.每当看见你时, 我总是想起我的母亲。

30.not long before意为“不久……就……”It won't be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。

参考文献

[1]《实用英语语法》 (张道真主编)

[2]《牛津实用英语语法》 (第四版)

[3]《英汉大词典》 (陆谷孙主编)

[4]2006——2012年全国高考试题

3.高考英语句型归纳 篇三

（1） I was walking along the river， when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.

（2） I was about to leave when it began to rain.

（3） I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang， announcing the exam was over.

2. It was（not）+时间段+before+一般过去时 过了一段时间就……

It will（not）be+时间段+before+一般现在时 要过一段时间才会……

It is/has been+时间段+since…

（1） It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.

（2） It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.

（3） It is 3 years since he worked here.=since he left here.

3. once…一旦……，表示时间和条件

（1） Once you understand what the teacher explained， you will have no difficulty doing the work.

（2） Once you have decided to do something， you should finish it and do it well.

4. The+比较级……，the+比较级……，越……，越……

（1） The more books you read， the more knowledge you will get.

（2） The busier he is， the happier he feels.

5. whether…，or…，无论是……，还是……

（1） Whether the weather is good or bad， they will set off as they planned.

（2） Any person， whether young or old， has his own worth.

6. if/as long as/so long as/providing that/provided that/supposing that/on condition that 假如…….

I will lend you money on condition that you can return it within 3 months.

7. given that/considering that 考虑到……，鉴于……

（1） Given that she is interested in children， Im sure teaching is the right career for her.

（2） Considering his age and his experience， he has done well.

8. in case that/in case of…万一……，以防……

（1） In case of fire， please dial 119 at once.

（2） In case that John comes/John should come， tell him to wait.

9. 祈使句+or/otherwise+结果句或祈使句+and+结果句

（1） Stop doing such foolish thing， or you will be punished in time.

（2） More effort， and the problem would have been settled.

10. 否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级的含义

（1） I have never seen a better film.

（2） I cant agree you more.

11. can never/cant与too， too much， enough， over搭配表示“无论怎样……都不过分”

（1） While you are doing your homework， you cant be careful enough.

（2） The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English， so we cant overemphasize the importance of learning English.

12. It is said/thought/hoped/believed…that…

Sb. is said/thought/hoped/believed to do…

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（1） It is said that he is studying abroad. =He is said to be studying abroad.

（2） It is considered that many countries highly value Chinas role in helping worlds peace.=Many countries is considered to highly value Chinas role in helping worlds peace.

13. 表示过去原打算干，却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图的结构：had hoped to do=hoped to have done。类似的词还有：expect， think， intend， design， plan， mean， suppose等

（1） —Did you go to see the film “Titanic” last night？—Id like to have， but I had an unexpected guest.

（2） The plane was to have take off at 7 this morning， but was held up by the heavy fog.

14. How did sb come to do…？ =How come that… 为什么会……/……是怎么回事？表示要求对所发生的事情说明理由或做出解释

（1） How did you come to find out where shes living？ =How come that you found out…

（2） How come that you sat there， doing nothing？

15. when it comes to…当谈到或涉及到……

He is a man of few words， but when it comes to playing computer， he will be excited and full of energy.

16. every time/each time/next time/the first time/any time等短语引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……， 每次……，下次……”

（1） Every time you meet with new words while reading， dont always refer to your dictionary.

（2） Next time you come， do remember to bring your son here.

17. There is（no） need to do…/for…. =It is（not） necessary for sb. to do…

There is（no） hope/chance/possibility of doing…

There is（no） difficulty/trouble/point/delay（in） doing

（1） Is there any chance of us/our winning the match？

（2） There is no point in discussing the problem again.

18. It is up to sb. to do sth. 应由某人来做某事……

（1） —When shall we start out？

—Its up to you to decide.

（2） Its up to you to babysit my baby while I am away on business.

19. There be 句型中，be动词还有其他变化形式，常见的有：There seem to be， There happen to be， There used to be， There is likely to be， There have been/has been 等

（1） There seems/appears to be much hope of our team winning the match.

（2） There happened to be nobody in the room when I came in.

（3） There have been great changes in my hometown since 1978.

20. prefer to do rather than do…（两者相比）愿意干A而不愿意干B=would rather do than do

（1） I prefer to stay at home rather than go to the park in such weather.

（2） Rather than ride on a crowded bus， he always prefer to ride a bicycle.

21. 倍数表达法：

A+谓语+倍数+the+n.（size/height/length…）+of B

A+谓语+倍数+as+adj.+as B

A+谓语+倍数+adj. 比较级+than B A+谓语+adj. 比较级+than B+by+倍数

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（1） This square is twice the size of that one. =This square is twice， as large as that one.

（2） He is 3 years older than I=He is older than I by 3 years

22. as/with表示“随……进展”，as 连词 后面接句子，with介词 后面接短语

（1） With the industry developing， the pollution is becoming more and more serious.

As the industry develops， the pollution is becoming more and more serious.

23. 强调句结构形式是：It+be的一定形式+被强调成分+that/who分句（只有当被强调成分是句子的人称主语时，连接词才可以用who，此时也可以用that：其余情况下只能用that）。通过这种结构可以强调除谓语动词外的大多数句子成分。例如：

（1） It was Mary that who needed the cash.

（2） It was the cash that Mary needed.

重点语法一 主从复合句

1. 定语从句

Ⅰ. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，其作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

Ⅱ. that与which的用法区别：

只用that的情况

1. 先行词为all， everything， anything， nothing， little， much，等不定代词时；2. 先行词被all， any， every， each， much， little， no， some， few等修饰时；3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时；4. 先行词既指人又指物时；5. 先行词被the only， the very修饰时；

6. 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时。

只用which， who， whom的情况

1. 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人；

2. 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which， 先行词为those， one， he时多用who。

Ⅲ. as与which的区别：

1. 限制性定语从句中，名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as，不能用which。

2. 非限制性定语从句中，as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。

2. 状语从句

状语从句可分为：

时间状语从句（主要由when，whenever，after，before，a5，slnce，once，assoonas，Until，while等连词引导）；

结果状语从句（由so…that和such…that连接）；

让步状语从句（由though，although， no matter，even if， however，whatever等词引导）；

原因状语从句（由as，because，since和for引导）；

条件状语从句（由if， whether，as long as，provided that等词引导）；

地点状语从句（由where引导），行为方式状语从句（由as引导）。

时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：

The small greenish flowers of the elm tree appear in the Spring， long before the leaves grow.

状语从句中的 “主语+be”可以省略，前提是：从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语“be”省略后的结构为“连词+现在分词/过去分词介词短语/形容词/名词短语”。） 例如：

When well fitted， glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes.

If necessary，I would like to see you in your office.

3. 名词从句

名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句，其中有介词与形容词的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

（1） 主语从句

主语从句常出现在it is+名词、形容词、分词+主语从句”的形式中。例如：

It must be pointed out that you have failed to meet the deadline.

It usually happened that I was late because of traffic jams.

主语从句还可用when，where，how，why，whether等连接副词，和who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever等连接代词来引起。例如：

How to arrange the meeting is not your task.

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Whoever will go to the party wont change my mind of staying at home.

（2） 宾语从句

宾语从句可由that， 疑问代词或副词how，why和where等引出。例如：To postpone the conference until next month indicated that they were unprepared.

Nearly all the staff agreed with what I said.

由what，whether，how引导的宾语从句可用在介词后，而由that引导的从句只跟but，besides，except，in， save之后。例如：

I can hardly believe in what they have done.

He doesnt know my phone number except that the city code is 021.

一些表语性的形容词，如：alarmed，amazed，annoyed，astonished， certain，confident， disappointed， glad， pleased， proud， sad， shocked， sure， surprised， worried， ect.做表语时，后面可跟由that， how等引导的宾语从句。例如：

I was amazed how he could pass the exam without attending the lectures.

We are all pleased that he will be able to pass the final examination.

（3） 表语从句

表语从句对主语的内容起解释和阐述的作用；若表语从句用that引起，that起连接作用，不能省略。b表语从句也可用连接词how，when，where，why，what引起。由because引起的表语从句通常只用在“this/that/it is because” 结构中。例如：

One thing I admire most about them is that they are hospitable.

She works too hard；That is why she is exhausted.

（4） 同位语从句

同位语从句是由两个或两个以上同一层次语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能相同。同位语从句由that引导，也可由whether，how，why，where， when等来引导。例如：

She ignored the teachers instruction that she must study hard.

The question whether or not I should help him in such a case troubled me greatly.

（作者：葛侨，南京市金陵中学）

4.make英语句型总结 篇四

make英语句型总结

1make a decision to do sth 决定做某事 2 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you 3 make it early 把时间定的早一点 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 6 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样 eg : You must made your bed clean 7 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写 make up be made up of(被动语态）由……组成 10 make…difference to…

5.英语六级词汇、短语、句型总结 篇五

1. acquisition n. 获得.添加的物品

2. adolescent a. 青春期的.青年的 n. 青少年

3. adverse a. 不利的.敌对的.相反的.逆的

4. aesthetic a. 美学的.审美的.有美感

5. affiliate vt. 附属.接纳 vi. 有关

6. afflict vt. 使痛苦.折磨

7. aggravate vt. 使恶化.使更加重

8. agitation n.鼓动.煸动;搅动

9. alleviate vt. 减轻.使缓和

10. amends n. 赔偿

11. baffle vt.使挫折 n.迷惑

12. barren a.贫瘠的;不妊的

13. batch n. 一组.分批.成批.批

14. bizarre a. 奇异的

15. bleak a. 萧瑟的.苍白的.荒凉的

16. blunder vi.犯大错 n.大错

17. blunt a. 钝的.坦率的.麻痹的

18. bonus n. 奖金.红利

19. brace n.支柱 vt.拉紧.撑牢

20. brittle a.脆的;易损坏的

21. capsule n. 胶囊.瓶帽.太空舱

22. casualty n. 伤亡.受害者

23. ceramic a. 陶器的 n. 陶瓷制品

24. cereal n.谷类.五谷.禾谷

25. commentary n. 注释.评论.批评

26. commitment n. 委托.实行.承担义务.赞助

27. commute vt. 交换.兑换. 经常来往

28. compatible a.一致的;兼容制的

29. competence n. 胜任.资格.能力

30. compile vt.编辑.编制.搜集

31. compulsory a.强迫的.义务的

32. deficit n. 赤字.不足额

33. degenerate a. 堕落的 vi.vt使变质.使退化 .

34. deliberate a.深思熟虑的;审慎的

35. denote vt.指示.意味着

36. denounce vt.谴责.声讨;告发

37. depict vt. 描述.描写

38. designate vt.指出.指示;指定

39. despatch vt.vi.n. 派遣

40. despise vt.鄙视.蔑视

41. deteriorate vt.vi. (使)恶化

42. eccentric n. 怪人.偏心圆 a. 古怪的.不同圆心的

43. edible a. 可食用的 n. 食品.食物

44. ego n. 自我

45. elicit vt. 引出.抽出.引起

46. elite n. 精华.精锐.中坚分子

47. eloquent a. 雄辩的.有口才的.动人的

48. embark vi. 乘船.着手.从事.上飞机

49. empirical a.经验主义的

50. endow vt.资助;赋予.授予

51. enhance vt.提高.增加;夸张

52. flank n.肋.肋腹;侧面

53. flap vt. n.拍打 vi.拍动

54. fling vi. vt.(用力)扔.抛

55. fluctuate vi.波动 vt.使波动

56. flutter vi.(鸟)振翼;飘动

57. foam n.泡沫;泡沫塑料

58. foil n. 箔.金属薄片 vt. 贴箔于. 衬托

59. formidable a.可怕的;难对付的

60. formulate vt.用公式表示

61. fort n.要塞.堡垒

62. gloomy a.黑暗的;令人沮丧的

63. gorgeous a.绚丽的;极好的

64. gossip n.闲谈;碎嘴子;漫笔

65. graze vi.喂草;放牧(牲畜)

66. grease n.动物脂.脂肪

67. grief n.悲哀.悲痛.悲伤

68. grieve vt.使悲痛 vi.悲痛

69. grim a.冷酷无情的.严厉的

70. grope vi.(暗中)摸索.探索

71. hamper vt.妨碍.阻碍.牵制

72. illusion n.幻想;错觉;假象

73. imaginative a. 想象的.虚构的

74. imitation n.仿制品.伪制物

75. immerse vt.沉浸;给…施洗礼

76. immune a. 免疫的.免除的.不受影响的

77. impair vt. 损害.减少.削弱

78. impart vt.给予.传递;告诉

79. imperative n. 命令. a.命令式的.急需的.强制的

80. imperial a. 帝王的.至尊的 n. 特等品

81. impetus n. 动力.推动力.激励

82. jail n.监狱 vi.监禁

83. jeopardize vt. 危害.使受危困.使陷危地

84. jerk vt.猛地一拉 vi.急拉

85. journalist n.记者.新闻工作者

86. junction n.连接;接头;中继线

87. jury n.陪审团;评奖团

88. justification n. 辩护.证明是正当的.释罪

89. kidney n.肾.腰子;性格

90. kit n.成套工具;用具包

91. knit vt.把…编结 vi.编织

92. knob n.门把.拉手;旋纽

93. lamb n.羔羊.小羊;羔羊肉

94. lame a.跛的;瘸的.残废的

95. landscape n.风景.景色.景致

96. latent a.存在但看不见的

97. latitude n.纬度;黄纬

98. layman n. 俗人.门外汉.凡人

99. leaflet n.传单.活页;广告

100. lease n.租约.契约.租契

101. legend n.传说.传奇

102. legislation n.立法;法规

二、短 语

1. abide by(=be faithful to obey)忠于;遵守

2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在

3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded)

心不在焉

4. (be) abundant in

(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有

5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解

6. by accident

(=by chance, accidentally) 偶然地,意外

7. in accord with 与…致.

out of one’s accord with 同….不一致

8. with one accord

(=with everybody agreeing) 一致地

9. in accordance with

(=in agreement with) 依照,根据

10. take…into account

(=consider) 把...考虑进去

11. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释

12. on no account (=in no case, for no reason)

绝不要,无论如何不要 (放句首时句子要倒装)

13. be accustomed to

(=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于

14. be acquainted with

(=to have knowledge of) 了解;

(=to have met socially ) 熟悉

15. act on 奉行,按照,行动;

act as 扮演;

act for 代理

16. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to)

使自己适应于

17. adapt (for)

(=make sth. Suitable for a new need)

改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)

18. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又

19. in addition to

(=as well as, besides, other than) 除…外

20. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循

21. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的

22. adjust..(to) (=change slightly) 调节; 适应;

6.上海高考英语翻译句型总结 篇六

2.直到二十世纪初人们才学会怎样防止这种疾病的蔓延。(prevent)3.直到那时他才意识到他的老师是非常善解人意的。（considerate）4.可惜他们直到事故发生之后才采取措施防止它。

5.直到上周末收到你的来信时我们才如释负重。（relieve）The more… the more..1． 你的词汇量越大，你就感到用英语写作越容易。(feel it + adj.to do)2． 人们普遍认为，用脑越多，思维就越活跃。(it is generally believed that)3． 问题发现得越早，解决起来越容易。

4． 问题越难，我越有可能能够解决他们。(likely)5． 我们学习得越多，将来就越能为我们国家工作的越好。6． 你练习讲英语越多，就越对你有好处。(do sb good)7． 我们经常讨论的一个问题是：是否钱越多越幸福。

8． 相对而言，孩子与父母交流越多，越不可能感到忧郁。(suffer from)No matter how / however + adj./ adv.+ S + V 1.不管这个新体系有多复杂，我们还是要用它。(complicated)2．无论社会发展得多快，这个传统应该代代相传。(pass on)3．无论他如何努力，他似乎永远学不好物理。

4．不管我们有多忙，下星期我们一定会举行一次欢送会向那些退休工人们表示敬意。(in honor of)5．不管天有多晚，他从不把今天必须做的事拖到明天。(put off)6.如果我们以一种强烈的意志工作，我们能够克服任何的困难，无论这个困难有多大。Adj./ adv./ n./ v.+ as / though + S + V 1.虽然他很聪明，但他不愿把全部时间用在学习上。(devote…to)2.他很累，但他还是工作到深夜。(work late into…)3.虽然他是个孩子，但对于这个世界他了解很多。

4.虽然我敬佩他作为一个作家，但我不喜欢他作为一个人。(admire)Hardly / scarcely / barely…when

no sooner … than 1.我刚到家，电话铃就响了。

2.他一到实验室，就开始做实验。(set out)3.这男孩刚打开电脑，他父亲就回家了，叫他做功课。

4.他一到家就迫不及待地把好消息告诉他父母。(can’t wait…)1.Not until the meeting was almost over did he show up.2.Not until the beginning of the 20th century did people learn how to prevent the disease from spreading.3.Not until then did he realize that his teacher was very considerate / thoughtful / understanding.4.it’s a pity that they didn’t take any measures to prevent the accident until it happened.5.Not until we heard from you last week were we relieved.1.The larger vocabulary you have, the easier you’ll feel it to write in English.2.It is generally / commonly believed that the more one uses his brain, the more active his mind will be.3.The earlier the problem is found, the more easily it can be solved.4.The more difficult the problems are, the more likely I am to be able to solve them.5.The more we learn, the better we’ll be able to work for our country in the future.6.The more you practise speaking English, the more good it will do you.7.The topic we often discuss is whether the more money we have, the happier we will be.8.Relatively speaking, the more children communicate with their parents, the less likely they will suffer from depression.1． No matter how complicated the new system is, we’ll have to use it.2． However fast the society develops, this tradition should be passed on from generation to generation.3． It seems that however hard he works, he can never learn physics well.4． However busy we are, we will certainly give a farewell party in honor of those retired workers next week.5． However late it is, he never puts off what must be done today till tomorrow.6． If you work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, however great it is.1.Clever as he is, he is not willing to devote all his time to his study.2.Tired as he was, he still worked late into the midnight.3.Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world.4.Much as I admire him as a writer, I don’t like him as a man.1.I had hardly reached home when the phone rang.2.No sooner had he got to the laboratory than he set out to do the experiment.3.Hardly had the boy turned on the computer when his father came home and asked him to do his lessons.4.He had hardly arrived home when he could not wait to tell his parents the good news.where / wherever 1.我已下定决心去最需要我的地方。

2.那些大学生在毕业之后会去无论他们被需要的地方。

3.众所周知，药品不应该放在孩子们可以拿到的地方。(accessible)4.我会把这本书放在你放的地方，并在我放它的地方做个记号。(make a mark)

The first time = when … for the first time Every time / each time = whenever The moment / the instant = as soon as

1.史密斯先生第一次去杭州时，就被西湖的美所打动。(strike)2.第一次坐飞机时，飞机起降时感到不舒服是很正常的。(it is normal …)3.每次他妈妈叫他帮助做家务，他总是假装在看书。

4.每次我看到这张照片，就让我想起我的学校生活。（remind）5.每次在阅览室看完杂志，请放回原处。(where)6.他高中一毕业就去了国外。

7.虽然好几年没碰到他了，但昨天我一看到他就认出他了。

This / It is / was the first / second time that … 1.这是他第一次独立解决这个问题。

2.这是他们第一次赢得一场正式比赛，因此每个人都欣喜若狂。3.这是我第三次没有通过驾驶考试。

It will(not)be …before…

（It won’t be long before…）It was(not)…before…

1.不久我们就要从高中毕业了。2.很长一段时间之后他才会回来。

3.不久一架直升机就到达现场来营救这次飞机失事的幸存者。(on the scene)4.很长一段时间之后他才意识到了他的错。

不久他就意识到了他的错。

很快他就意识到了他的错。(it was before long that…)5.过了几分钟我才觉察到刚才发生的事。（aware）6.几年后他们在国外结了婚。

7.20年后他的研究成果才最终得到承认。(recognize)8.过了一段时间我的眼睛才适应了黑暗，能够辨别出不同的动物。(make out)

It is(has been)…since …

1.自从我们上次互相见面，几乎已经五年了。2.自从我们上次碰面，似乎是一个世纪了。3.自她四岁以来，她一直每天练习弹钢琴。

1.I’ve made up my mind to go where I’ m needed most.2.Those college students will go wherever they are needed after graduation.3.As we all know, medicine should be kept where it is accessible to children.4.I will put the book where you placed it and make a mark at the place where I put it.1.The first time Mr Smith went to Hangzhou, he was struck by the beauty of the West Lake.2.When you take a plane for the first time, it is normal(for you)to feel uncomfortable while the plane is taking off or landing.3.Each time his mother asks him to do some housework, he always pretends to be reading(a book).4.Every time I see the photo, it reminds me of the school life.5.Each time you finish reading the magazine in the reading room, please put it where it was.6.He went abroad the moment he graduated from Senior High School.7.Although I haven’t met him for years, I recognized the moment I saw him.1.This is the first time that has solved the problem on his own.2.It is the first time that they had won a formal match, so everyone was wild with joy.3.It is the third time that I have failed to pass the driving test.1.It won’t be long before we graduate from Senior High School.2.It will be a long time before he comes back.3.It wasn’t long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash..4.It was long before he realized his mistake.It was not long before he realized his mistake.It was before long that he realized his mistake.5.It was several minutes before I was aware of what had happened just now.6.It was several years before they got married abroad.7.It was twenty years before the result of his research was eventually recognized.8.It was some time before my eyes became used to the dark and could make out different animals.1.It is almost five years since we saw each other last time.2.It seems a century since we last met.3.She has been practicing playing the piano every day since she was four.Never, Never before, Seldom, Little 1． 我从来没有意识到他有多幽默。（Never）

2． 我们从来没有比现在更为自己是中国人感到自豪。（Never）3． 上海市民的环保意识从来没有像今天这么强。（Never before）4． 我很少见到像亨利这样考虑周到的人。(Seldom)5． 尽管他已经18岁了，但他很少意识到与别人交流的重要性。(Seldom)6． 他几乎不知道所发生的事。(Little)

Only + 状语，倒装

1． 只有在那时，Tom才承认他错了。

2． 只有在这家商店，我们才能买到如此好的家具。

3． 只有当战争在1949年结束后，他才开始了新的生活。4． 只有不断学习新事物，我们才能与时共进。5． 只有通过科学的锻炼才能使人延年益寿。

So + adj / adv , 部分倒装 that Cl.Such + n , 部分倒装that Cl.1． 他的房间太小了，连个床都放不下。

2． 他们对哲学了解很少，以至于其中大多数人根本不能理解讲座。(beyond sb)3． 时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。

4． 他全神贯注于阅读以致于没有注意到我们进来。(be absorbed in…)5． 在口试中，面对两位老师，他紧张得一句话也说不出来。(face)6． 有噪音我听不清。(make oneself…)

祈使句 / 名词，or / and … 1.继续努力（再努力一下），你将来总有一天会成功的。(sure)2.多吃水果，你就不用担心缺少维生素。(lack)3.听从你医生的意见，否则你的咳嗽会更糟糕。(follow)

The reason(why)+ 句子 / for(doing)sth… was / is that Cl.1． 他从未想到他被拒绝的原因是不会电脑。(turn down)2． 他们成功的原因在于他们能从错误中学到东西。3． 他身体差的原因是他不太注意饮食和休息。4． 他没有参加昨晚的聚会是因为没有人告诉他。

1.Never have I realized how humourous he is.2.Never have we been more proud of being Chinese than(we are)now.3.Never before have the citizens of Shanghai had such a strong sense of environmental protection.4.Seldom have I seen such a considerate person like Henry.5.Seldom does he realize the importance of communicating with others though he is already 18 years old.1.Only then did Tom admit that he was wrong.2.Only in this shop can we buy such good furniture.3.Only when / after the war was over in 1949, was he able to begin a new life.4.Only by learning the new constantly can we keep up with the times.5.Only by taking exercise in a scientific way can human beings live a long life.1． So small is his room that a bed can’t be put in.2． So little did they know about philosophy that the lecture was completely beyond most of them.3． So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.4． So absorbed was he in reading that he didn’t notice that we came in.5． So nervous did he feel in the oral test that he couldn’t say a word facing the two teachers.6． Such a noise was there that I couldn’t make myself heard.1． Keep working hard(Make another effort / Another effort), and you are sure to succeed someday in the future..2． Eat more fruit, and you don’t have to worry about lack of vitamins.3． Follow your doctor’s advice, or your cough will get worse.1.It never occurred to him that the reason why he was turned down was that he couldn’t use the computer.2.The reason for their success is that they can learn from their mistakes.3.the reason for his poor health was that he didn’t pay enough attention to his diet and rest.4.the reason why she didn’t attend the party last night was that nobody had told her about it.It’s(high / about)time that… /(for sb)to do sth

1． 该你上床睡觉的时候了。

2.该你下决心的时候了。3． 你该好好反省一下自己的所作所为。(reflect)

By the time…

1． 到他回来为止，我将做完我的回家作业了。2． 到我回到家时，雨已经停了。

What moved / touched / struck sb was + N./ that What delighted sb(most)was … What surprised / amazed sb was …

What interested / worried / troubled / disappointed sb was …

1.让我们感动的是很多人为事故中的受害者伸出了援助之手。2.令我们大家感动的是这位科学家虽身在异乡仍心系祖国。3.使我最高兴的是她的礼物正好就是我正想着要买的东西。4.令父母担心的是，她已决定不吃早饭。5.当时最鼓励我的是老师和朋友的评价。

6.目前让我头痛的是我背不出所有这些英文单词。

1.It is time for you to go to bed./ it is time that you went to bed.2.It is high time that you made up your mind.3.It is high time that you reflected on what you have done.1.By the time he comes back, I will have finished my homework.2.By the time I came back, the rain had stopped.1． What moved / touched / struck us was that many people lent/ gave a(helping)hand to the victims in the accident.2． What has moved all of us is that the scientist always thinks of his motherland while he is abroad/ while he lives overseas.3． What delighted me most was that her present was just what I was thinking of buying myself.4． What worries her parents is that she has decided to skip breakfast.5． What encouraged me most at that time was the comments of the teachers and friends.6． What troubles me at the moment is that I can hardly learn all these English words by heart.被动语态句子

1． 应该特别强调环保的重要性。(emphasis)2． 孩子长大后，要鼓励他们做力能所及的家务和学会如何照顾自己。(whatever)3． 必须采取积极的/ 有效的措施来防止更多的人受到爱滋病的威胁。(threaten)4． 必须立刻采取行动防止森林大火蔓延。

5． 应该非常注意培养学生的学习习惯。(cultivate)6． 这些老年人在医院受到了很好的照顾。7． 应该鼓励中学生参加社区服务。

8． 应该利用每一分钟来练习我们的英语。(use)

It is / was(in)convenient(for sb)to do sth If it is convenient to sb, 1.你从这儿到火车站很方便。2.你明天开始工作方便吗？

3.既然你的腿目前上着石膏，你四处走动肯定很不方便。(in plaster)4.这位科学家现在不方便对这项发明发表评论。5.据我所知，在那个社区里购物很方便。

6.如果你方便的话，请帮我把包裹从邮局取回来。(fetch)

Whenever / When it comes to(doing)sth 1.说到教育，大部分人认为是一个终生学习。（lifetime）2.Tom说他看过这部电影，但要说到细节，他却一无所知。3.无论什么时候涉及到学数学，她就变得很紧张。

4.当涉及到决定生活目的的时候，甚至最明智的哲学家也只是在猜测。

It is/ was likely that… Sb/ sth be likely to do… 1.会议可能下星期举行。

2.据说吸烟可能引起心脏病和其他的疾病。

3.更有可能喜欢流行歌曲的是年轻人而不是老年人。(rather than)4.她打开电视机，但没有发现任何可能使她感兴趣的。

5.有可能这个新建的语音室不久将向全体师生开放。(be open to)

It is /was(im)possible that…/ it is(im)possible for sb to do sth 1.从早到晚在空调房间里工作或生活可能会使人生病。2.要想让他们彻底了解当地文化是不可能的。

1． Special emphasis should be laid/ put/ place on the importance of protecting the environment.(The importance of protecting the environment should be laid special emphasis on.)2． When children grow up, they should be encouraged to do whatever housework they can do and learn how to look after themselves.3． Positive/ Effective measures must be taken to prevent more people from being threatened with AIDS.4． Immediate action must be taken to prevent the forest fire from spreading.5． Much attention should be paid to cultivating students’ study habits.6． The old people are taken good care of in the hospital.7.Middle school students should be encouraged to take part in community service.8.Every minute should be made use of to practise our English.1． It is convenient for you to go to the railway station from here.2． Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow? 3． Since your leg is in plaster at present, it must be inconvenient for you to move around.4． It is not convenient for the scientist to make comments on this invention now.5． As far as I know, it is very convenient to do shopping in that community.6． If it is convenient to you, please fetch the parcel for me from the post office.1.When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.2.Tom said he had seen the film, but when it came to the details, he knew nothing.3.She becomes nervous whenever it comes to learning maths.4.When it comes to determining the purpose of life, even the wisest philosophers are just guessing.1.The meeting is likely to be held next week./ it is likely that the meeting will be held next… 2.It is said that smoking is likely to cause heart diseases and other diseases.3.Young people rather than old people are more likely to prefer pop songs.4.She turned on the TV, but found nothing that was likely to interest her.5.It is likely that the newly-built language lab will soon be open to all the teachers and 1． It is possible that working or living in an air-conditioned room from morning till night will cause people to get ill.2． It is impossible for them to have a thorough knowledge of the local culture.It is hard to imagine / believe / foresee…

1.当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中思想在课本上。2.很难想象这位电影明星在电影界一直活跃了长达半个世纪之久。（remain）3.很难预计她是否下周能康复。

4.我们很难预见将来，所以眼下我们要做的就是珍惜现在所有的。(cherish)5.难以相信他一辈子除了工作没有任何业余爱好。

It is no /not any good /use doing 1.牛奶打泼，哭也没用。

2.世界上没有后悔药，你应该知道重要的是你要全力避免再犯同样的错误。3.光学不练是没用的，“熟能生巧”这句话很有道理。4.和他们争论没有什么好处。

5.像那样谈论是没什么好处的，我们必须制定一个计划，然后加以实施。

There is no need(for sb)to do sth 1.阅读时，你不必碰到每个新单词就查字典。2.你没有不要对自己太苛刻。(be hard on)3.既然你们已经达成协议，就没有必要求助于律师。4.没有必要把我看作是你的老师，我们可以相互学习。

There is no doubt that…

1． 毫无疑问，每个人都有选择自己生活方式的权利。2． 毫无疑问，政府将采取措施防止这种疾病的蔓延。

3． 毫无疑问，教育应将重点放在学生的个性发展上，而不是分数上。(personality)4． 毫无疑问，她能达到目标，因为她坚信：有志者，事竟成。

There is no/ little possibility that../ of doing… 1.一个小时之内完成这份试卷是不可能的。

2.不久的将来人们有可能找到石油的替代品吗？(substitute)3.那些过多地注意荣誉和金钱的科学家不可能获得诺贝尔奖。

There is no / not much / any point(in)doing … 1.进一步讨论这个事没什么意义。

2.向他们埋怨没有什么意义，他们根本不会理睬。(take any notice)3.你认为和她为鸡毛蒜皮的小事争论不休有意义吗？

There is no denying that …

1.不可否认，他们的生活质量每况愈下。

2.不可否认，电脑使我们的生活更方便，但也存在有一些问题。(there exist)1.It’s hard to imagine that a student can focus on his textbook while other children are playing.2.It’s hard to imagine that the film star could remain active in the film circle for as long as half a century.3.It’s hard to foresee whether she will recover next week.4.It’s hard for us to foresee the future, so what we should do at present is to cherish what we have now.5.It’s hard to believe that he hasn’t any hobby except his job all his life.1．It is no use crying over the spilt milk.4．It is no good arguing with them.2． It is no use crying over the spilt milk and you should know what’s important is to try your best to avoid making the same mistakes once again.3．It is no use learning without practice.The saying “Practice makes perfect” is very true.5．It is no good talking like that.We must make a plan and carry it out.1．

There is no need for you to look up for every new word you come across/ meet with / run

into while(you are)reading / in reading.2.There is no need for you to be so hard on yourself.3.Now that you have reached / arrived at an agreement, there is no need to turn to the lawyer.4.There is no need to look on me as your teacher and we can learn from each other.1.There is no doubt that everybody has a right to choose his own way of living/ life.2.There is no doubt that the government will take measures to prevent this disease from spreading.3.There is no doubt that education should put / lay emphasis on the development of students’ personality instead of marks/ scores.4.There is no doubt that she can accomplish her ambition, because she firmly believes/ holds a firm belief that where there is a will, there is a way.1.There is no possibility that the examination paper can be finished within one and a half hours.2.Is there any possibility of people’s finding a substitute for oil in the near future?

3.There is little possibility that the scientists who pay too much attention to honour and money will be awarded the Noble Prize.1． There is no point in discussing the issue further.2． There is not much point in complaining to them;they never take any notice.3． Do you think there is any point arguing with her over such small matters? 1.There is no denying that the quality of their life has gone form bad to worse.2.there is no denying that computers make our life more convenient, but there exist some problems.There happened/s to be There seemed/s to be 1． 今天下午碰巧有一个会议。

2． 那只用报纸包起来的瓶子里碰巧有治压痛的药。3． 所幸爆炸发生时屋里恰好没人。4． 似乎没有理由推迟这个讲座。5． 似乎没有多大他会来的希望。6． 对提出的建议似乎没有反对意见。

It(so)happened/s that It seemed/s that

2.昨天在晚会上我碰巧碰到了你上次提到的那位著名的科学家。3.如此碰巧史密斯先生没有参加晚会因为那天他的母亲病的很重。4.这家商店似乎属于我叔叔工作的那家公司。

5.上海的超市似乎正沿用西方国家“越大越好”的模式。6.看来这一次部长不能对记者提出的问题避而不答了。

It matters much / a lot

It matters little = it doesn’t matter

1． 对一名求职者而言，能否给面试官留下良好的第一印象至关重要。2． 去做值得做的事情至关重要。3． 如果你迟到，没多大关系。

4． 谁提出这个建议无关紧要，只要这个建议使我们得益处。

What(really)matters(to sb)is ….1． 对我们来说，重要的不是赢，而是参与。

2． 真正重要的是不在于别人怎样看待你，而是你怎样看待自己。3． 我们能赚多少钱无关紧要，对我们来说，重要的是保持健康。

not …but

1.真正重要的不是你所说的，而是你所做的。(it is … that)2.使我惊讶的不是他所说的话，而是他说话的方式。

3.遇到困难时，我们需要的不是彼此埋怨，而是相互帮助。

It is obvious / apparent that

1.这部电影显然不适合青少年。

2.很显然，定期进行体育锻炼对我们的健康有益处。3.很显然，这两个国家经常的交流已加强了他们的关系。

1．There happens to be a meeting this afternoon.2． There happens to be some medicine for toothache in the bottle wrapped in the newspaper.3．

Fortunately there happened to be no one in the house at the time of the explosion.(Fortunately it happened that there was no one…)

4.There seems to be no reason to postpone the lecture.5.There doesn’t seem to be much hope that he’ll come / of him coming.6.There seem to be no objections to the suggestion put forward by Mr.Johnson.1． It happened that at the evening party yesterday I met the famous scientist(whom)you mentioned last time.2． It so happened that Mr Smith failed to attend the party because his mother was seriously ill that day.3． It seems that the shop belongs to the company where my uncle works.4． It seems that the supermarkets in Shanghai are following the pattern of “bigger is better” form the western countries.5． It seemed that this time the minister couldn’t avoid answering the questions raised by journalists.1． It matters a lot whether a job hunter/ seeker can make a good first impression on the interviewer.2． It matters much to do what is worth doing.3． It doesn’t matter if you’re late.4． It matters little who puts forward the suggestion as long as the suggestion benefits us.1． What matters to us is not to win but to take part.2． What really natters is not how others feel about you but what you think of yourself.3．It doesn’t matter how much money we can earn, but what really matters to us is to keep fit / healthy.1． It is not what you say but you do that really counts / matters.2． What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.3． When we meet with difficulties, what we need is not to complain to each other but to help each other.1． It is obvious that this film is not suitable for teenagers.2． It is obvious that doing physical exercise regularly is beneficial to our health.3． It is obvious that the frequent exchanges between the two countries have strengthened their friendship.Bear / keep sth in mind

Bear / keep in mind that…

1．我总是牢记我母亲所说的话。

2．开车时，每位驾驶员都必须牢记任何的疏忽都可能造成事故，甚至死亡。3．我们要牢记我国是个严重的缺水大国。

4．我们必须牢记年轻人不经历风雨就不能见彩虹。

Take sth for granted

Take it for granted that …

1.不要想当然的认为毕业后总能找到工作。2.子女赡养父母是天经地义的。

3.我们经常把父母提供给我们的衣食当作理所当然的事。

4.理所当然的认为一个小孩喜欢吃任何提供给他的东西，他可能就会这样。

find / feel / think / consider + it + adj./ n + to do sth / that… 1.我们觉得很难赶上科技领域的迅速发展。2.我感到教会学生尊重他国文化是我的责任。3.我发现很有必要记一些代代相传的谚语。4.你认为不背一个单词就能学好一门外语吗？

5.你认为把高中未毕业的孩子送到国外留学有必要吗？ 6.一旦养成了抽烟的习惯，你会发现很难戒悼它。

Make it + adj + to do / that … Make + O + adj.1.是你的帮助使我们能在旅游季节住到一个中国人的家里。2.我感激你的好意使得这样的经历对外国学生成为可能。

3.邻居们明确表明，如果约翰继续播放摇滚乐直到深夜，他们要向警方投诉。4.随着现代科技的发展，太空勘探已成可能。5.我必须表明清楚我不去那儿。

Make it a rule to do / that …

1． 他们已经形成规律每隔一周聚会一次交流收集到的信息。2． 我们订了一个规则，由值日生用英语讲每日新闻。3． 这所学校规定：学生不许将手机带进校园。4． 我规定每天早上大声朗读英语。

1.I always bear in mind what my mother has said to me.2.While driving every driver must bear in mind that any carelessness will cause an accident and even death.3.We must keep in mind that ours is a large country that lacks water badly.4.We must keep in mind that young people will achieve nothing without experiencing difficulties.1． Never take it for granted that you can always find a job after graduation.2． It is often taken for granted that sons and daughters should support their parents.3． We often take it for granted that our parents should provide us with clothing and food.4． Take it for granted that a child likes to eat whatever is offered to him and he probably will.1． We feel / felt it difficult to keep up with the rapid development in the field of science and technology.2． I feel it my duty to teach my students to respect other cultures.3． I find it necessary to memorize some proverbs which have been passed(on)from generation to generation.4． Do you think it possible to learn a foreign language well without learning a single word by heart? 5． Do you think it necessary to send the children who have not graduated from senior high school to study abroad? 6． Once you have formed the habit of smoking, you’ll find it hard to get rid of it.1． It was your help that make it possible for us to stay with a Chinese family during the tourist season.2． I appreciate your kindness in making such experiences possible for foreign students.3． The neighbours have make it clear that if John continues to play rock music deep into the night, they will complain to the police.4． Space exploration has been made possible with the development of modern science and technology.5． I must make it clear that I won’t go there.1.they have made it a rule to have a meeting every other week to exchange the information they have collected.2.we have made it a rule that the student on duty should tell us the daily news in English.3.the school makes it a rule that students are not allowed to take mobile phones to the campus / school.4.I make it a rule to read English aloud every morning.It is up to sb to do sth 1.这个周末去野餐还是去游泳，由你决定。

2.做广告旨在吸引消费者，但是否买一个产品还是由消费者决定。(intend)3.我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。

4.在大学，靠你自己去阅读和理解老师给你的材料。

See to it that … = make sure that …

1． 离开实验室之前请务必关好门窗。

2． 你最好回去确认一下所有的药瓶都严密保管。3． 我已被告知，简会负责你的计划很快投入实施。

It is necessary(for sb)to do …

1.把我们在学校里所学的应用到日常生活中是很有必要的。2.大学生很有必要读一些与他们专业无关的书籍。

3.经过一段时间的努力工作，放松一下是完全必要的。4.年长的人有必要了解年轻人在想些什么，感觉些什么。

It is(generally)believed / thought that…

1.人们普遍相信街头暴力的增加和电视上的恐怖片有密切的关系。2.大家普遍相信没有必要个学生太多的作业。3.说实话，人们通常认为在校学习的每一门课程都各自有用。

I would appreciate it(very much)if you could … I appreciate one’s kindness in doing sth 1.如果你能帮我一个忙我将不胜感激。

2.如果你能带我参观一下你们的校园，我将非常感谢。

3.我感激你为我从网上得到这么多的有关国际贸易的信息。

4.我感激你的好意使得这样的经历对外国学生成为可能。

those who…

1.只有勇敢面对挑战的人才有可能成功。2.只有患过重病的人才真正明白健康对于一个人意味着什么。3.人们对于那些乐于帮助他人脱离困境的人总是满怀感激之情。4.对我们公司生产的产品感兴趣的人，请与我们联系。

5.那些志愿去做好事的人从来不图金钱的回报，他们认为只有这样才能问心无愧。6.那些空难的辛存者永远忘不了那可怕的经历。

1.It is up to you to decide whether to go for a picnic or to go swimming this weekend.2.Advertising is intended to attract consumers, but it is up to the consumers to decide whether to buy a product.3.It is up to us to help those in need / trouble.4.In college, it is up to you to read and understand the materials given by your teachers.1． Please see to it that the doors and the windows are closed before you leave the lab.2.you’d better go back and see to it that all the medicine bottle are under lock and key.3.I have been told that Jane will see to it that your plan is quickly put into practice.1． It is necessary for us to apply what we learn at school to our daily life.2.it is necessary to university students to read some books that are not related to their major.3.it is absolutely necessary to relax yourself after a period of hard work.4.it is necessary for older people to understand what young people think and feel.1． It is generally believed that the growth of the street violence is closely related to horror films on TV.2.it is generally believed that there is no need to assign too much homework to students.3.to tell you the truth, it is generally thought that every subject that students learn at school is useful in its own way.1．I would appreciate it(very much)if you could do me a favor.2.I would appreciate it very much if you could show me around your campus.3.I appreciate your kindness in getting so much information on international trade / business for me on the Internet.4.I appreciate your kindness in making such experiences possible for foreign students.1.Only those who face the challenge bravely are likely to succeed.2.Only those who have suffered from serious illness are really aware of what health means to a person。

3.People are always grateful to those who are ready to help others out of trouble.4.Those who are interested in the products made in our company, please contact us.5.Those who volunteer to do good deeds never ask for money in return.They think only in this way can they have a clear conscience.5． Those who survived the plane crash will never forget their horrible / frightening experience.Be to blame(for sth)1． 我只能依靠你找出谁对大火造成的损失负责。2． 我认为这次失败不该怪吉姆。

3． 依我看，你自己应该为这次实验的失败负责。

Contrary to one’s expectation / wish Contrary to what sb expected / thought, 1.与人们预料的相反，那所大学女生的比例正在下降。2.与我们的愿望相反，我们篮球队昨天没有赢得比赛。

3.与二十年前人们的预言相反，现在越来越多的年轻人离开父母独立生活。4.和人们的期望相反，这个学校的暴力问题的数量不降反升。5.和我早先想的相反，菲力普已经证明是成功的。

With the development / increase / help / rise / improvement of…

1.随着经济的飞速发展，中国在国际事务中起着越来越大的作用。2.随着人口的飞速增长，水资源的缺乏成了一个大问题。

3.在医生的帮助下，他父亲的重感冒已完全好了。(recover from)4.随着超市的兴起，购物对我们来说变得越来越方便。

5.活水平的提高，越来越多的人想要周游世界。(make a tour)

Cannot /never …too + adj./ adv.1.在交网络朋友时，你怎么小心也不为过。

2.做这个决定你越小心越好，由于它是如此重要。3.吉姆聪明又谦虚，总之，我怎么表扬他也不为过。4.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

Not necessarily 1.一般说来，价格越高，质量越好，但这并不一定对，2.取得大学文凭的人不一定就是人才。

3.钱越多未必越幸福，许多事实证明了这一点。4.名气并不一定意味着成功。

7.小学英语句型教学浅析 篇七

一、句型教学, 词汇当先

1.学好词汇。

语言的功能就是交际, 而单词是交际的最小单位, 句子是单词的最佳延伸。词汇教学是英语教学的一个重点。对于小学英语教学来说, 它同样也是一个难点。英语和汉语有相同的地方, 都是“词不离句, 句不离词, 词句不分家”。因此, 在英语教学中, 要学好句型必须先学好词汇。

2.记住单词。

根据学生天性活泼好动、好胜心强这一特点, 每次新授词汇都会采用各种形式多样的教学手段进行教学和巩固新学词汇, 以激发学生学习英语的欲望和对单词的记忆, 为以后句型的教学做好充分准备。“新词拼读大比拼”主打课堂词汇教学, 卡片、多媒体、肢体语言、实物构成词汇教学中最佳的表现方式, “高低音”、“魔法手指”、“找宝藏”、“人浪”等操练手段让词汇教学活起来。“小组合作学习”和“加分竞争机制”促成了预期教学效果的达成。

3.重视句型。

小学阶段的英语教学基本偏重于单词的教授, 然而要让英语能够学以致用, 单纯地掌握单词是远远不够的, 还要掌握一定的句型。所以句型教学不容忽视, 把单词和句型有机地结合起来, 才能增强运用的有效性。

二、变换方式, 呈现句型

1.词句结合呈现句型。

在英语课堂教学中, 每教完一些单词, 除了教师本身示范例句外, 还要让学生自己学会造句。一开始学生不敢轻易尝试, 害怕说错被其他同学取笑, 教师就先造一个或多个, 让其模仿。久而久之, 再加上教师适时、耐心地鼓励与奖励让其慢慢地愿意敢于开口说出自己的想法。如, 在教完“young”这个词时, 就先示范然后让学生用“young”进行造句, 并看谁造的句子多。学生利用不同的人称、不同的名词在替换句型, 在教师的鼓励下, 大胆地说出自己的想法, 轻轻松松掌握了“young”这个词的用法, 也就培养了学生开口说英语的能力。

2.动作表情呈现句型。

在教学PEP三年级下册Unit 5 Where is my pear ?句型时, 让学生事先把钢笔等学习用品放在教室的不同位置, 露出焦虑不安的神情, 同时问学生:Where is my pen?Oh, my goodness.I can’t find my pen. 之后我做出四处寻找的动作去翻找, 最后从抽屉拿出钢笔Oh, it’s in the desk.学生看着教师的动作和表情, 明白了新句型的含义。为了让学生进一步掌握所学知识, 出示书、橡皮、尺子等不同学习用具, 要求学生四人为一个小组进行模仿巩固练习。教师边巡视边指导, 学生在讲练结合中学到了新的知识, 培养了他们学习英语的兴趣。

3.利用歌谣呈现句型。

为了更好地激发学生学习英语的兴趣, 用学唱英语歌谣的方法引入新的句型。根据各单元的单词、新授句型, 自己提前编写一些简单的歌谣, 教学时配上教师的肢体语言, 以此来吸引学生的注意力, 让平静的课堂波澜迭起。学生在教师的带动下也能大胆尝试做些简单的动作, 极大限度地调动了学生学习英语的积极性, 让整堂课在愉快的情境中获得体验, 提高了学习效率。如, 教授PEP三年级下册Unit 1 Welcome back to school里的询问“来自哪里”的句型时, 编了一首歌谣:

Where are you from?Where are you from?

I’m from China.I’m from China.

Where are you from?Where are you from?

I’m from China.I’m from China.

采用《两只老虎》这首学生们耳熟能详的旋律进行套用吟唱, 学生们显得非常兴奋, 这样很自然地导入了新句型, 再进行分步教学, 效果事半功倍。

4.创设情境呈现句型。

《英语课程标准》指出:“要让学生在真实的情境中体验和学习语言。”创设与学生的生活经验和生活习惯相符合的真实场景, 能激起学生的生活体验, 使他们从生活实际出发, 迅速投入到所创设的情境中, 准确体验和理解语言, 真正学会运用语言。外加多媒体做辅助手段创设情景, 声、图、形、动画效果的呈现让学生真正成为学习的主人。

三、多种形式, 操练句型

1.听读练习。

教师通过转换朗读方式的方法带领学生朗读。如果教师大声读, 学生则小声读;如果教师语速慢, 学生则语速快。此方法通过反复刺激学生的听觉神经, 达到掌握句型的目的。

2.替换操练。

为了帮助学生操练What would you like to eat/drink?句型, 通过课前准备的各种图片和What would you like to…?句型, 并且根据图片把单词或短语替换, 替换时先让学生说出相应的单词或短语再出示正确的句子。学生兴致勃勃, 踊跃参与, 在不知不觉中掌握了新句型, 而且能够灵活运用新句型。

3.渗透练习。

在学生对句型有了一定的熟练程度后, 教师可以设置一些练习来帮助学生更好地运用句型。通过做题目检查出学生对句型的掌握情况, 如, 在教授There be…句型时, 及时进行练习让学生做题以达到巩固的目的。

There is a pen on the desk. (am, is, are)

There are some books in the schoolbag. (am, is, are)

4.活动交流。

英语是一种语言, 学习任何语言只有在口语交际中才有用武之地, 才能更好地检验其掌握情况。句型教学中需要运用所学知识开展具有信息沟通交流的活动, 这是一种在模拟的或真实的情景中进行的语言练习。如, 在教授PEP四年级下册Unit 6 Shopping时, 就通过模拟“小小售货员”让学生们体验真实的购物场景, 用所学的句型进行口语交际。通过设置各种活动让学生运用句型交谈达到互通信息的目的。

8.浅谈英语基本句型 篇八

关键词：句型；语法；英语；简化

英语的用法说到底主要是动词的用法。英语中的动词含义特别丰富，变化最多，搭配能力最强。众所周知，要想学好英语必须下功夫而无捷径可走，但学习方法的得当与否却会使学习效果迥然不同。前人的无数经验已经证明，在浩如烟海的英语词汇中把1500个最常用的动词学深、学透、学活，是学会用英语会话、造句和作文的关键。正因为如此，荷恩比先生在他的《牛津高阶英语词典》中，花大力气引入了英语动词句型分类法，这再一次证明了英语基本句型的重要性。英语中有五种基本句型（Basic Sentence Pattern），这五种句型与动词种类密切相联，所以也叫做动词句型（Verb Pattern）。这五种句型是：

句型（一）：S VCs

Unity is power.

句型（二）：S V

History advances.

句型（三）：S V O

People make history.

句型（四）：SVOiOd

He sent her a telegram.

句型（五）：SVOCo

We call her Marry.（陆锦林，1990：472）

一、句型：S V Cs

该句型中的动词是连系动词，最常用的连系动词是be。能担任主语补语Cs的有名词短语（包括名词、代词、数词等）、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语、非限定动词短语以及分句等。例如：Thats a good idea.The pleasure is mine.You are impossible.He was down in two subjects.This book is beyond me.The proof of pudding is in the eating.The cup is cracked.The film is boring.This is just what I need.

除be外，还有一些较常用的连系动词。这些连系动词可以分为两类。一类和be类似，表示主语所处的一种状态，其中包括：seem，appear，remain，stay，keep，continue，feel，look，sound，taste，smell，ring，lie，rest stand，hold，prove等。例如：He tried hard to appear calm.Doesnt that seem weird to you？ We remained friends.It was hard to stay awake.The weather will continue fine.Im feeling a little better today.The future is looking good.Istanbul sounds really exciting.The soup tastes/smells nice.The mistake rests uncorrected.Twenty years on，his advice still holds good.The recent revelations may prove embarrassing to the President.

二、句型：SV

该句型中的动词是不及物动词，所以既没有宾语也没有补语。不过该句型可有状语。大多数不及物动词的状语可有可无。如：He went（south）.但是，live和lie后一定要接状语：He lives downstairs.You lie on your back/side/front.

这种句型有时后接由名词短语担任的状语。通常出现在表示位置移动的动词后面，如：advance，come，drive，fall，go，rise，run，travel walk等，此外还有cost，measure，weigh等。如：Computer technology has come a long way since the 1970s.The river has risen several meters.He weighs 60 kilograms.They travelled 200 miles on the first day.Tickets cost ten dollars each.语法学家将上述这类句子看成SVO型，即将名词短语看成是宾语而不是状语，尤其在动词travel，cost等后面。从语义上看，该句型中主语与谓语的关系一般是主语是谓语动作的执行者。如：Then a difficult problem arose.但有些句子形式上是主动的，意义上是被动的。如：She photographs well.

该句型有一变异形式，即，A（状语）+ V + S（NP）。如：Here comes the bus.当主语是代词时词序为：A + S（Pron.）+V。如：There you go again.

三、句型：SVO

该句型的动词是单及物动词。动词谓语的状语通常可有可无。如：He hit the ball（hard）.但是，动词put，place，stand，lay，set后的状语是必不可少的。He puts the coffee on the table.She stood the ladder against the wall.He laid his hand on my shoulder.He set the pot on the fire.

该句型中的宾语可以由名词短语、非限定动词或分句担任。从语义上看，宾语与动词谓语的关系可分为以下几种：1.宾语表示受事。如：John has broken his leg.They have beaten back the enemy.2.宾语表示地点。如：He walked the street，swinging a cane.3.宾语表示结果。如：He wrote a novel every year.从例句中可以看出，宾语都是谓语动词的动作所产生的结果，没有谓语动词的动作，就不可能有宾语中表示的事物。4.同源宾语（Cognate Object）。在一定程度上可以将同源宾语看做是表示结果的宾语的一种。因为同源宾语也是谓语动词所产生的某种结果，所不同的是这种结果往往用与谓语动词同源的名词表达。例如：He dreamt a sweet dream.She is singing a love song.He laughed a hearty laugh.He died a heroic death.

四、句型：SVOiOd

在该句型中，间接宾语通常是表示人的代词或名词，但有时也可用表示物的代词或名词。间接宾语一般表示谓语动词动作的对象，即动作对谁或什么东西做的。间接宾语一般可以省略，这并不影响其他成分之间的语义关系。因此，如果只出现一个宾语，这个宾语一般是直接宾语。但是有几个双及物动词可以保留间接宾语而省略直接宾语。在这种情况下，唯一出现的宾语就是间接宾语。这主要发生在动词allow，ask，forgive，grant，pay，promise，send，show，teach，telephone，tell，write等后面。例如：Bob is teaching the older children.You can pay me instead.（夸克，1989：997）

该句型中间接宾语在语义上相当于一个介词短语。最常用的介词是to或for。在accord，allow，assign，cause，deny，give，grant，hand，lend，offer，pay，play，promise，read，recommend，refuse，send，serve，show，take，teach，telephone，tell throw，wish，write等后面用to。例如：The children proudly showed me their presents.→The children proudly showed their presents to me.在bring，buy，call，choose，do，find，fix，get keep，leave，make，order，save，spare等后面用for。例如：Will you do me a favor？ →Will you do a favor for me？ 此外，ask后面用of。例如：You have no right to ask me anything.→You have no right to ask anything of me.介词短语结构尤其用在间接宾语较长的句子中。如：We should reserve some food for the other members of the party.

五、句型：SVOCo

该句型中的动词是复杂动词。宾语补语可以由下面几种短语担任：

1.名词短语。后接名词短语作宾语补语的动词有：name，call nominate，christen，baptize，label elect，make，crown，consider，know，regard；find，declare，leave，pronounce，proclaim，vote等。例如：They elected him President.

2.形容词短语。后接形容词短语作宾语补语的动词有：have，find，want hold，wish，get，keep，leave，make，open，like，render，turn，wish，consider，regard，think，set，let paint，believe等。例如：Make sure you have the car ready by tomorrow.

3.非限定动词。可分为以下三种情况：

A.后接不定式作宾语补语的常见动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，challenge，command，compel，dare，direct，enable，encourage，expect forbid，force，get，have，hear，help，instruct，intend，invite，let，like，make，notice，order，permit，persuade，prefer，recommend，remind，request，require，see，teach，tell，train，trouble，urge，want，watch，wish等。如：That man wants a woman to look after him.We ask him to come again.动词le，t make，see，hear，let等后用不带的不定式。动词consider，think，prove，find，declare，know，acknowledge，believe，feel discover，judge，report suppose等后可接不定式to be。动词believe，consider，think，prove，find，declare后的to be可省略：I believe her（to be）right.This evidence proved him（to be）innocent.

B.后接-ing分词作宾语补语的常见动词有：catch，discover，feel get have，hear，keep，listen to，notice，observe，see，set，smell，start，stop，want，watch等。如：I felt my cheeks burning.His Words set me thinking.

C.后接-ed分词作宾语补语的常见动词有：have，feel，get，hear，keep，make，see，like，find，prefer，want等。如：He made his influence felt.

4.介词短语。动词find，regard，judge等后可接介词短语作宾补。如：I judge them both beyond repair.

5.分句。宾语补语也可由分句担任。如：It is reform that has made our country what is today.

以上分析了英语的五种基本句型SVCs，SV，SVO，SVOiOd，SVOCo的特征及其用法。若能掌握好这些基本句型，英语中的再复杂的句子也可简化。复杂句和并列句可分解成简单句。此外，我们可以把许多词看成一个词，把许多不同东西看作同类东西，从而使句子的结构变得简单化。例如我们可以把I know that he does not like to live in this country.中的十个斜体词和I know John.中的一个斜体词看作是有同一语法作用的东西，因为两者都是及物动词的宾语。这样，不管多复杂的句子都可用这五种基本句型简化，而简化是语法的目的（张道真，1998：32）。

参考文献：

[1]陆锦林，《高级现代英语语法》[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社，1990。

[2]伦道夫·夸克，《朗文当代高级英语词典》[M].北京：商务印书馆，2002。

[3]伦道夫·夸克，《英语语法大全》[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社，1989。

[4]张道真，《英语语法大全》[M].北京；外语教学与研究出版社，1998。