小学一般将来时练习题(精选11篇)
1.小学一般将来时练习题 篇一
一般将来时(The future indefinite tense)(1)一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2)在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。例如:
Will she come? 她(会)来吗?
We’ll only stay for two weeks.我们只待两星期。
The meeting won’t last long.会开不了多久。
(3)在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b):
a.Where shall we meet? 我们在哪儿碰头?
b.Shall we have any classes tomorrow?明天我们有课吗?(4)be going to+动词原形
a.表示打算、准备做的事。例如:
We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。
How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你准备怎样过?
b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如:
I think it is going to snow.我看要下雪了。
There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this.这事肯定会有很多麻烦。
c.―will‖句型与―be going to‖句型,前者表示纯粹将来,后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情,更强调主语的主观意愿。例如:
Tomorrow will be Saturday.明天是周六了。
We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。_____you ____a doctor when you grow up?
A Will;going to be B Are;going to be C Are;/ D Will;be I don’t know if his uncle _____.I think he _____ if it doesn’t rain.A will come;comes B will come;will come C comes;comes D comes;will come He will be back _____a few minutes.A with B for r C on D in What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow?
A will B shall C do D are He will have a holiday as soon as he _____the work next week.A finishes B doesn’t finish C will finish D won’t finish
There _____some showers this afternoon.A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have It ____my brother’s birthday tomorrow.She _____a party.A is going to be;will have B will be;is having C will be;is going to have D will have;is going to be Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _____11.A is B is going to be C will be D will to be
答案:1 B 2B 3 D 4 B 5A 6A 7 C 8 C
(二)、填空-―I need some paper.‖
-―I ____(bring)some for you.‖
2____(be)you free tomorrow? They _________(not leave)until you come back._____we_____(go)to the party together this afternoon? They want to know when the meeting _____start.I _____(go)with you if I have time.Hurry up!Or we ______(be)late.8What ____you _______(do)tomorrow afternoon? Jenny ____ _____(do)an experiment the day after tomorrow.If she isn’t free tomorrow, she _______(not take)part in the party.答案: 1 will bring 2 Are 3 won’t leave 4Shall go 5 will 6 will gowill be 8 are going to do 9 will do 10 won’t take
三、There be结构的一般将来时易出错
例:There_________ a basketball match this afternoon.(B)
A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have
答案:A
解析:There be结构的一般将来时既要符合There be结构,又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当―有‖讲,所以选了B,但There
be结构就不成立了,此句中is是be going to中的,是由后边的单数名词决定的.四、be going to结构中易丢掉to
一、单项选择。
()1.There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A.will be going to B.will going to be C.is going to be D.will go to be()2.Charlie ________ here next month.A.isn’t working B.doesn’t working
C.isn’t going to working D.won’t work
()3.He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.A.will be;is B.is;is C.will be;will be D.is;will be()4.There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A.was B.is going to have C.will have D.is going to be()5.–________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No.I ________ free the day after tomorrow.A.Are;going to;will B.Are;going to be;will C.Are;going to;will be D.Are;going to be;will be()6.Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.A.will gives B.will give
C.gives D.give()7.– Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________.(不,不要。)
A.No, you won’t.B.No, you aren’t.C.No, please don’t.D.No, please.()8.– Where is the morning paper? – I ________ if for you at once.A.get B.am getting C.to get D.will get
二、动词填空。
1.I ______(leave)in a minute.I ______(finish)all my work before I ______(leave).2.—How long _____ you _____(study)in our country? —I _____(plan)to be here for about one more year.—I _____(hope)to visit the other parts of your country.—What ______ you ______(do)after you ______(leave)here? —I ______(return)home and ______(get)a job.3.I ______(be)tired.I ______(go)to bed early tonight.4.Mary’s birthday is next Monday, her mother _____(give)her a present.三、句型转换。
1.People in the north often go skating in winter.(next winter)
2.There are two cinemas in that town.(next year)
3.He comes back late.(in two days)
4.She is a conductor of a train.(soon)作业
一、单项选择。
()1.The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.A.will watching B.watches C.is watching D.is going to watch()2.There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.A.shall be B.will be C.shall going to be D.will going to be()3.They ________ an English evening next Sunday.A.are having B.are going to have C.will having D.is going to have()4.________ you ________ free next Sunday? A.Will;are B.Will;be C.Do;be D.Are;be()5.He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.A.will B.is C.will be D.be()6.________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?
A.Are;going to borrow B.Is;going to borrow C.Will;borrows D.Are;going to borrows
二、动词填空。
1.I am afraid there ______(be)a meeting this afternoon.I can’t join you.2.Mike ______(believe, not)this until he ______(see)it with his own eyes.3.Most of us don’t think their team ______(win).三、句型转换。
1.China is a modern and strong country.(in twenty years)
2.Do you study hard?(from now on)
3.She didn’t speak English at the meeting.(before long)
2.小学一般将来时练习题 篇二
一般将来时(Simple Future Tense)表示将要或计划要发生的事,它的基点时间也是“现在”(时间轴上的“Now”点),但它的动作实际发生的时间应该是“将来”(时间轴上的“Future”点)。由于它的动作相对于“现在”来说,还没有发生,在时间轴上我们就用虚线箭头来表示,常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如:tomorrow(明天),next week(下周),from now on(从现在开始);in the future(将来)等。在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。
如图:
例如:
1. She will leave for Beijing next week. 她下周将启程去北京。
2.I am going to be a teacher when I grow up. 当我长大成人时我打算成为一名老师。
二、初中一般将来时(Simple Future Tense)的表达形式归纳如下:
1. 一般将来时由助动词 shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称 +动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称,一律用 will。
1) 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。
例如:We will(shall) arrive tomorrow.
我们明天将到达。
Will he be free tonight?
今晚他有空?
They won’t (shan’t) be busy tomorrow.
他们明天不忙。
Will she come?
她(会)来吗?
2)在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对方的意见,或是询问一个情况,在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是在美国。
例如:Where shall we meet?
我们在哪儿碰头?
Shall we have any classes tomorrow?
明天我们有课吗?
How will I get there?
我怎么去?
2.be going to+ 动词原形
1) 表示计划、打算、准备做的事。
例如:They are going to put up a building here. 他们打算在这里盖一座楼。
How are they going to spend your holidays? 假期他们准备怎样过?
2) 表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。
例如:It is going to rain.
要下雨了。
There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this.
这事肯定会有很多麻烦。
3.will [shall] 表将来与be going to表将来的区别
1) 两者均可表示将来时间和意图,有时可换用
如:I think it’ll rain this evening. / I think it’s going to rain thisevening.
我想今晚会下雨。
I won’t tell you about it. / I’m not going to tell you about it.
我不会把这事告诉你的。
2) 两者的区别是:若强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的,要用be going to; 若表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的当时才临时想到的,则要用will。
比较:
--- Come to the party.
--- 来参加晚会吧。
--- OK, I’ll bring my boyfriend.
--- 好的,我把我的男朋友也带来。
( 临时想法,不能用be going to)
--- Why are you taking it out?
--- 干吗要把它拿出来 ?
--- I’m going to wash it.”
--- 我想把它洗一洗。( 事先考虑的意图,不能用will)
3)若表示有迹象表明要发生某事,只用be going to, 不用will:
Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.
看那些乌云,要下雨了。
4. 表示位置转移关系的瞬间动词:go,come,start,move,sail,leave,arrive,stay,live,fl y, 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作,
例如:I'm leaving for Beijing.
我要去北京。
5. 某些词,如come,go,leave,arrive,start,get,stay,live,fl y等的一般现在时也可表示将来。用一般现在时表示。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事:
The meeting starts at fi ve o'clock.
会议五点开始。
He gets off at the next stop.
他下一站下车。
The train leaves at 7:25 this evening
火车今晚7:25分开。
We have a holiday tomorrow.
我们明天放假。
* 在时间或条件状语从句中主从句时态遵循“主将从现” (即主句用一般将来时,从句常用一般现在时表示将来(即主将从现)意义。
例如:I am going to be a teacher when I grow up .
If he comes here on time, I will call you.
练兵场:(试题由责任编辑整理)
一、动词填空
1.I ______(leave)in a minute. I ______(finish)all my work before I ______ (leave).
2.---How long _____ you _____(study)in our country?
---I _____(plan)to be here for about one more year.
---I _____(hope)to visit the other parts of your country.
---What ______ you ______(do)after you ______(leave)here?
---I ______(return)home and ______(get)a job.
3. I ______(be)tired. I ______(go)to bed early tonight.
4. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _____(give)her a present.
5. It is very cold these days. It ______(snow)soon.
6. ---_____ you _____(be)here this Saturday?
---No. I ______(visit)my teacher.
7. ---______ I ______(get)you a copy of today's newspaper?
---Thank you.
8. I am afraid there ______(be)a meeting this afternoon. I can't join you.
9. Mike ______(believe, not)this until he ______(see)it with his own eyes.
10. Most of us don't think their team ______(win).
二、把下列各句译成英语
1.我叔叔今晚要来。
__________________________
2.他没有打算住那座小屋。
__________________________
3.我们要读这本书。
__________________________
4.- 你爸爸要去钓鱼吗?
- 不,他要去游泳。
__________________________
__________________________
参考答案:
一、1. am leaving;will fi nish;leave
2. will;study;plan;hope;will;do;leave; will return;get
3. am;will 4. will give 5. will snow 6. Will, be;will visit
7. Shall;get 8. will be 9. won't believe;sees
10. will win
二、1.My uncle will come tonight.
2.He isn't going to live in the small house.
3.We are going to read this book.
4.-Will your father go fi shing?
3.一般将来时的表示方法 篇三
一、表示“预测,预计”等意思。
当我们作“预测”时,用“will/shall+动词原形”或“be going to+动词原形”表示,不用现在进行时。例如:
1. I think it’ll rain this evening./I think it’s going to rain this evening. 我想今天晚上天要下雨。
2. You are going to hate this party./You will hate this party.
你将不喜欢这次聚会。
但是,当提及在某种条件下,一般用“will/shall+动词原形”表示,而不用“be going to+动词原形”表示。例如:
If you work hard, you will pass the test easily.
如果你努力学习,你会很容易地通过考试的。
不能说:If you work hard, you are going to pass the test.
在口语中,“I bet/I hope”后面的从句可以用一般现在时表示将来时间。例如:
I bet she likes the flowers.(=I bet she will like the flowers.)我敢说她会喜欢这些花的。
二、表示“已经确定”的意思。
有些句子,表示的既是将来,同时又是现在的情况。当你说“She’s going to have a baby.”时,不仅包含将来的信息(她将要生孩子了),而且也包含现在的信息(她已怀孕了)。在这种情况下,通常用“be going to+动词原形”表示。例如:
The Greens are coming to dinner.格林夫妇要来吃晚饭。(邀请已经发出,并且对方接受了邀请。)
“be going to+动词原形”还可表示强烈的决心。例如:
I’m going to get to the top even if it kills me.
即使要了我的命,我也要爬到顶上。
三、表示“某种决定”的意思。
当我们谈及“已作出一项决定”时,一般用“will+动词原形”表示。(除了疑问句外,很少用“shall+动词原形”,且常用缩略式“‘ll”) 例如:
——The phone is ringing. 电话响了。
——I’ll answer it. 我去接吧。
如果要问我们应当如何决定,就用“shall+动词原形”表示。例如:
What shall we do?我们该怎么办?
四、表示“威胁,允诺”等意思。
表示“威胁”或“允诺”时,第一人称常用“I/We+will(’ll)+动词原形”表示。但是,也可用“…+be going to+动词原形”表示。第二人称和第三人称可以用“You/He/She/They+shall+动词原形”表示。例如:
I promise I won’t get drunk again./I promise I’m not going to get drunk again. 我保证决不再喝醉了。
You shall be punished. 你会受到处罚的。
He shall suffer for this!他会为此而吃苦头的。
五、表示“建议,请求”的意思。
当表示“提议为别人做某事”或“请求别人做某事”时,通常用“Shall I/We……?” 表示;表示建议时,常用“Will you…?” 表示。例如:
Shall I fetch some water for you?要我去给你打些水来吗?
Will you help me to carry the box?请你帮我提一下盒子好吗?
六、表示“意图,自愿,坚持”等意思。
表示“强烈的意图,自愿做某事”或“坚持做某事”时,第一人称可用“will+动词原形”表示,通常不用“shall+动词原形”。例如:
I will write to her tomorrow. 明天我将给她写信。
I will stop smoking—I really will!我要戒烟了—我真的要戒了!
当will表示“意图”时,在句中一般不重读,并且不可缩略为“‘ll”;表示“坚持做某事”时,will必须重读,而且不可缩略为“‘ll”。例如:
Why will you go there?你为什么想去那儿?(表示意图)
I will do as I like. 我要做我想做的事。(表示坚持)
七、表示“征求意见”的意思。
当征求听话人的“意见”或“意图”时,用“Shall I/We…?”表示。例如:
Shall I carry your suitcase?(=Do you want me to carry your suitcase?) 要我给你提箱子吗?
Shall we have dinner now?(=Do you agree to our having dinner now?) 我们现在吃晚饭好吗?
八、表示“习惯性动作,性格特征”或“自然属性”的意思。
will可以用来表示“习惯性动作,性格特征”或“自然属性”的意思。例如:
Pigs will eat anything. 猪是什么都吃的。
Oil will float on water.(=Oil floats on water.) 油漂在水上。
九、表示“计划,安排,打算”的意思。
“be going to+动词原形”结构常用来表示“计划,安排”或“打算”的意思,“be+to+动词原形”结构也可以表示按“计划,安排”将要发生的动作。例如:
What are you going to do today?你今天打算干什么?
I am to see my sister at six o’clock this evening.
我打算今晚6点钟去看我妹妹。
巩固练习:单项选择
1. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they ____.
A. have survivedB. are to surviveC. would surviveD. will survive
2. I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I ____ my mum.
A. am takingB. have takenC. takeD. will have taken
3. ——You’ve left the light on.
——Oh, so I have. ____ and turn it off.
A. I’ll goB. I’ve goneC. I goD. I’m going
4. It ____ long before we ____ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be; will knowB. is; will know
C. will not be; knowD. is; know
5. ——Can I join your club, Dad?
——You can when you ____ a bit older.
A. getB. will getC. are gettingD. will have got
6. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as
she ____.
A. will arriveB. arrives
C. is going to arriveD. is arriving
7. He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on theshoulder.
A. asB. untilC. whileD. when
8. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ____
from the university next year.
A. will graduateB. will have graduated
C. graduatesD. is to graduate
9. ——When will you come to see me, Dad?
——I will go to see you when you ____ the training course.
A. will have finishedB. will finish
C. are finishingD. finish
4.一般将来时 篇四
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的.事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
5.一般将来时的句子 篇五
肯定句:I will get up。
He will get up。
They will get up。
否定句:I will not get up。
He will not get up。
They will not get up。
一般疑问句:Will you get up?
肯定回答:Yes, I will。
否定回答:No, I won’t。
一般疑问句:Will he get up。
肯定回答:Yes, he will。
否定回答:No, he won’t。
一般疑问句:Are they going to get up?
肯定回答:Yes, they are。
6.小学一般将来时练习题 篇六
一、构成对比
1.一般过去时的被动语态:was / were + 动词的过去分词 如: The teaching building was built six years ago.这座教学楼建于六年前。
2.一般将来时的被动语态:“will be + 动词的过去分词”或“am / is / are going to be + 动词的过去分词”
如: This museum will / is going to be finished next month.这座博物馆将于下个月竣工。
二、否定形式和疑问形式对比 1.否定形式:
★一般过去时的被动语态:was / were + not + 动词的过去分词 如: The window was not broken by him.窗玻璃不是他打碎的。
★一般将来时的被动语态:“will not be + 动词的过去分词”或“am / is / are not going to be + 动词的过去分词”
如:The new film will not / isn’t going to be shown in our city next week.那部新电影下周不在我们城市放映。2.疑问形式:
★一般过去时的被动语态:通常把was / were置于主语前。如: Were the textbooks written in 2000? 这些课本是2000年写的吗? Where were those buses made? 那些公共汽车是哪里制造的?
★一般将来时的被动语态:将will,(be going to中的)am / is / are置于主语之前。如:
When will the road be opened to traffic? 这条路什么时候通车?
Are we going to be asked to attend the meeting? 我们会被邀请参加会议吗? 【趁热打铁】
Ⅰ.请选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Many trees and flowers ___________ in our school last year.A.plant
C.have planted
B.planted
D.were planted
2.It’s said that 215 more new schools ___________ in this city by 2020.A.are building
B.were built
D.will be built C.have built
Ⅱ.请根据汉语意思完成英语句子,每空一词(含缩写)。1.今天下午的会议不在校礼堂开。
The meeting this afternoon ____________________ in the school hall.2.那座房子是什么时候建的?
_________________ the house ___________?
Key: Ⅰ.1.D 2.D
Ⅱ.1.won’t be held
7.小学一般将来时练习题 篇七
一般将来时教学设计片段
一、教学目标:
1、通过具体的概念句型讲解将抽象的知识形象的展示给学生
2、通过练习让学生掌握这种时态的结构
二、教学重点
1、一般现在时态的结构以及否定形式
2、练习巩固
三、教学过程:
1、讲解概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
2、基本结构:①be going to + do; ②will+ do.3、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.4、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。
5、练习(见ppt)课后练习:填空
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.I ________ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________.She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
8.一般过去时和现在完成时对比练习 篇八
1, They have already had lunch.(改为一般疑问句)
(就划线部分提问)
3, Lily and Lisa have heard the news.(改为否定句)
4, We have painted the room for 8 hours.(就划线部分提问)
5, never, been, Turkey, the, engineers, have, to, before.(连词成句)
二,完成下列句子。
1,--Have you typed the letter for the boss?
--Yes, I_____the letter an hour ago.2,--I want to see the Great Wall because I_____never_____it before.3, Mary_____(lose)her way, so she must ask for help.4,--Have you found the lost pen?
--Yes.I_____it when I cleaned the room.5, _____he make an appointment the day before yesterday? 6, The seaman_____away from his home for 3 months.7, Miss Chang is not here.He has _____to the airport to the
9.将来时的英语作文6年级 篇九
I love it.Beijing have many shop,but the shop it was very expensive.
And Beijing have many food ,and the food was cheap and delicious , I like Beijing food.I went swimming with my father.
We were very happy.and i visit my uncle,my uncle cook food for me.After diner .
My uncle and I went watch sitcom.I like sitcom very much.
10.将来进行时专项练习题及答案参考 篇十
A.is wearing B. will wear C.wears D.will be wearing
2.“Could you give these books to Mr .Black?”“Absolutely,( )him at five o’clock this afternoon.”
A.I will have a talk B.I have a talk with C.I can have a talk with D.I will be having a talk with
3. I’m afraid I won’t be available.I( )a friend off at o’clock this afternoon.
A.see B.am seeing C.will see D.will be seeing
4. Next Friday I will go to another concert .They( )some thing by Mozart at that time.
A.play B.will be playing C.are going to play D.are to play.
5.“What are you doing ,Jack?” “Make a model plane . I( )it in the science class at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning.”
A.will be showing B.am going to show C. show D. showed
6. I( )a meeting at 4o’clock tomorrow afternoon.
A.will be having B. am having C.am going to have D. have
7. What do you think you( )at this time next year?
A.will do B.will be doing C.are going to do D.do
8.“What will you do tomorrow evening?” “I( )my favorite program at eight o’clock tomorrow evening.”
A.will watch B. am going to watch C.will be watching D.am watching
将来进行时题目答案与解析:
1、D.该题表示见到他时,他正在穿着衣服,强调将来某一时刻进行的动作。
2、D.将来进行时在口语中常常用来表示预计即将发生或势必发生的动作,再这里表示计划安排。不能选A,因为“will+动词原形”表示临时的决定,而从absolutely可以看出后面的谈话是又计划,有安排的.,故这里不用”will+动词原形”.不能选B和D,因为从five o’clock this afternoon 得知该题表示将来,故应用与将来相关的语态.
3、D.该题表示下午两点正在发生的事情,故应用将来进行时.
11.英语一般将来时的几种表达方式 篇十一
浅析形式各异的一般将来时用法 :一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。例如:tomorrow , tomorrow morning / afternoon …, the day after tomorrow , next year , next month … , from now on(从现在开始),in an hour(一小时后),in two days / weeks …等。一般将来时的表示方法有多种形式。例如:will / shall +动词原形;be going to+动词原形;be+v.ing;be to(be about to)+动词原形结构等。现将其用法做一归纳并予以说明和比较。
1.be going to+动词原形结构的用法
(1)这种结构表示主体现在的意图,即打算在最近或将来要做某事,主语通常指人。在被动结构中,主语也可指物,但动作的执行者仍然是人。例如:
A.What are you going to do next Sunday ? 下星期天你打算干什么?
B.She’s going to be a teacher.她打算当一名教师。
C.The wall is going to be brushed white.这面墙将刷成白色。
(2)表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能即将发生某事。这时主语既可指人也可指物,此结构往往表示客观事态的发展,而不是表示主观的意图。例如:
A.Look at these black clouds.—It’s going to rain.看这些乌云。天快要下雨了。
B.I’m afraid I’m going to have a bad cold.恐怕我要得重感冒。
2.will / shall+动词原形结构的用法
这种结构是表示将来的动作或状态。常伴有表示将来的时间状语。shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称,但在现代英语中will可以通用于各种人称。在问句中shall常用于第一人称表示建议或征求对方意见。例如:
A.I shall write you a letter next month.我下个月给你写信。
B.I will go to my home town next week.我下周去老家。
C.Shall we go to the park ? 我们去公园好吗?
注:be going to与will用法上的异同及比较说明:
(1)be going to与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语,后者常用于书面语和正式文告中。例如:
A.There’ll(=is going to)be a football match in our school next week.下周我校将举行(有)一场足球赛。
B.The American basketball team will arrive in Beijing tomorrow.美国篮球队明天将抵达北京。
(2)be going to 与will都可用来表示意图。
例如:
I will(=am going to)climb the hill tomorrow.我将于明天去登山。
注:一般来说,“意图”是事先经过考虑的,用be going to表示;反之则用will。will还多用于对话中,即一方听了对方的话后所作出的反应。例如:
A.They’re going to meet at the school gate.他们打算在学校大门见面。
B.——Please bring me a cup of tea.请给我端杯茶来。
——I’ll do it in a minute.我马上就去(端)。
(3)be going to常含有“即将”之意;而will即可表示“即将”又可表示“较长时间后的未来”,或不表示任何特定的将来时间概念。例如:
A.We’re going to visit the factory.我们即将去参观那家工厂。
B.He’ll write a book one day.他有朝一日要写书。
C.The house will break down.那屋子(迟早)要倒塌。
(4)表示预测:“be going to”表示有发生某事的迹象;will则表示说话者认为或相信要发生某事。例如:
A.It’s very dark and cold.It’s going to snow.天很暗而且非常冷,要下雪了。B.I’m sure he’ll be back in an hour.我确信他一小时后会回来。
(5)在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时,常用will。例如:
A.Will you lend me the book ? 你能把那本书借给我吗?
B.Will you go there with us ? 你能和我们一起去那儿吗?
(6)be going to可用于条件句,表示将来的时间,will一般不能。例如:If you are going to watch TV this evening , you’d better finish your homework now.你若想今晚看电视,最好现在就完成作业。
注:如果不是表示将来的时间,而是表示“意愿、坚持、推论”等,will也可用于条件句。例如:
A.If you will learn English , I’ll help you.你若愿意学习英语,我将帮助你。
B.If you will kindly wait a moment , I’ll ask him to go there with you.你若耐心等一会的话,我将叫他和你一起去那儿。
(7)如果条件从句表示将来发生的动作或状态,主句中常用will,而条件从句中则用一般现在时表示。例如:
If you go to England , you will like the food there.如果你去英国的话,你将会喜欢那儿的食物。
注:若条件从句表示的是现在的动作或状态,主句中也可用be going to。例如:
If I have enough money , I’m going to take a trip abroad.若我有足够钱的话,我就出国旅游一趟。3.be+动词不定式结构的用法
这种结构着重指按计划或安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性”等。例如:
A.You are to be back by 11 o’clock.你必须11点回来。
B.We are to meet at the zoo.我们约定在动物园见面。
C.The football match is not to be played today.今天不能举行足球比赛了。4.be about+动词不定式结构的用法
这种结构表示“最近或马上要发生的动作”。例如:
A.The meeting is about to begin.会议马上开始。
B.Summer harvest is about to start.夏收即将开始。
5.be+v.ing结构的用法
这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作,用进行时形式表示将来的时间,但只适用于表示位置移动的动词。例如:go , come , leave , start , arrive , move , return , fly(乘飞机)等,并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。例如:
A.Where are you going this Saturday ? 这个星期六你准备去哪儿?
B.The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.格林一家后天要搬迁到另一个城市。
C.Mr.Li is flying to Shanghai tomorrow morning.李先生明天早晨乘飞机去上海。6.用一般现在时表示将来的时间的用法
这种用法除了动词be外,一般适用于表示位置转移的动词(见5),或表示根据规定或时间表上预计要发生的动作或事态。此外,在由“if , when , as soon as , until , till , after , before”等引导的条件或时间状语从句中,若主句为将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来的时间。例如:
A.I’m free this afternoon.我今天下午有空。
B.School starts on September 1.学校9月1日开学。
C.What time does the train go ? 火车什么时间开?
D.If you use your head , you’ll have a good idea.如果你动动脑筋,就会想出好办法。
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