初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 Section A 语法

初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 Section A 语法（共12篇）

1.初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 Section A 语法 篇一

一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。(10分)

1.Did you decide ___________________(visit) your grandparents?

2.There are many ____________________ (different) between them.

3.I can’t stand _________________ (hear) the bad news.

4.Lucy and Lily are the ____________________ (win) of the talent show.

5.This shirt isn’t as ___________________ (good) as that one.

6.He is the _____________________ (bad) student in his class.

7.The news ___________________ (be) so terrible that we all can’t stand.

8.I really enjoyed ____________________ (walk) around town.

9.It is good to relax by ___________________ (use) internet.

10.Did you have fun __________________ (play) at the party?

二、句型转换(10分)

1.I go to dance three times a week.(对划线部分提问)

___________ ____________ do you go to dance?

2.Do you want to come? (同义句) ___________you _________ to come?

3.Tom isn’t as good as Tim at playing the drum.(同义句)

Tim is _______ at playing the drum __________Tom.

4.She is taller than any other student in her class.(同义句)

She is _________ __________ student in her class.

5.I think my mother is smarter than my father.(否定句)

I _____ _______ my mother ___________ smarter than my father.

6.What do you think of the movie?(同义句)

_________ __________ ________ ________ the movie?

三、单项选择(25分)

( )1.Lily _________ stay at home because of the bad weather.

A.had to B.must to C.must D.should

( )2.There is __________ junk food here,and it is __________ terrible.

A.too much,too much B.much too,much too

C.too much,much too D.much too, much too

( )3.—Do you enjoy ____ here? —No,I want ______ there by bike.

A.walking,to go B.to walk, to go

C.walking,going D.to walk, going

( )4.We stopped___and___because we were tired and thirsty.

A.working,to drink B.to work, drinking

C.to work, to drink D.working,drinking

( )5.He likes playing _____ tennis,and he dislikes playing _____ drum.

A., B., the C.the, D.the,the

( )6.Lisa is _________ than her sister.

A.more smarter B.much smarter

C.more smart D.very smarter

( )7.She often pratices ____ English by ____to the foreigners.

A.speaking,talking B.to speak, to talk

C.speaking,to talk D.to speak, talking

( )8.He is different___ his brother,but he is similar __ his father.

A.from, from B.to, to C.from, to D.to, from

( )9.He often ____ jokes and makes us ______ .

A.talks,laugh B.tells, laugh C.talks, to laugh D.tells, to laugh

( )10.Thanks _________ me!

A.for tell B.to tell C.to telling D.for telling

( )11.— ____is it from your home? —10 minutes by bus.

A.How far B.How long

C.How often D.How soon

( )12.Parents usually _____ a role in _____ their kids.

A.play,helping B.make, helping C.play,help D.make,help

( )13.Students should study hard to make their dreams ______.

A.come out B.come up

C.come true D.come on

( )14.I can’t stand _ the noisy music,let him it.

A. hearing, stop B.to hear,stop

C.hearing,to stop D.to hear, to stop

( )15.—Would you mind _________ Mickey Mouse? —No, I enjoy _________ it.

A.watching, watching B.to watch, to watch

C.watching, to watch D.to watch, watching

( )16.If I have __,I can do___.

A.enoght time, enogh well B.enough time,well enough

C.time enough, enough well D.time enough,well enogh

( )17.We had a good time ___because of the fine weather.

A.to dance B.at dancing C.dancing D.of dancing

( )18. _____ it rained heavy, ____ went on visiting.

A.Though, but B.But, though C.Though, D.Because,

( )19. In our city, it’s __in July, but it’s even ____in August .

A. hotter, hottest B. hot, hot C. hotter, hot D. hot, hotter

( )20. Jay Chou’s music sounds________. I like it very much.

A. nice B. well C. bad D. quickly

( )21.We ________ TV when the telephone rang.

A. watched B. were watching C. watch D. are watching

( )22. It’s very important ___us _______English well.

A. of …learning B. for… learning C. of…to learn D. for…to learn

( )23. The policeman asked the children____ in the street.

A. not to play B. to not play C. don’t play D. playing

( )24. I ____go to bed ____ I finished my homework.

A. didn’t, when B. /, until C. didn’t, until D.won’t, until

( )25. All the people should do their best __________ the work.

A. to finish B. finish C. finished D. finishing

( )26.Tara and her sister quiet and they sports.

A.are both,both like B.are both, like both

C.both are, both like D.both are,like both

( )27.If you want to be a student helper, you must be good children.

A.at B.with C.for D.in

( )28.Tom can play drums,but Sam can play tennis.

A.the,the B.the,/ C./,the D./,/

( )29.Lily’s books are new than .

A.we B.us C.our D.ours

( )30. —Have you seen the funny movie Let the Bullet Fly? —Yes，it made me ___________ many times.

A.laugh B. cry C. Sleep D. sing

四、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. Mary’s brother is as __________ (health) as her sister.

2. My pen is new,but hers is ___________(new) than mine..

3. It’s necessary for us ______________ (learn) English well.

4. The storybook is ____________________ (interest) of the three.

2.初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 Section A 语法 篇二

“教”是指教师有计划、有目的地引导学生实现有效学习的活动过程。所以在教学设计中教师首先要考虑如何做到合理取舍教材内容, 选择有效的教学方法, 完善教学时间的合理分配, 实现高效课堂的教学目标。

1.根据教学目标取舍教学内容。教材是最基本的教学资源, 在教学设计之初, 首先要根据“核心概念”原则, 对所学章节内容进行取舍安排, 从而向有效、高效的教学目标靠近。以《黄土高原》为例, 教学目标的行动词要求如下:说出黄土高原的位置和范围, 举例说明“黄土风情”与黄土高原自然环境的关系;认识塬、梁、峁、川等多种多样的黄土地貌;分析黄土高原水土流失严重的原因和危害;了解黄土高原环境综合治理的对策和水土保持的措施。根据教学要求可以对教材内容做如下安排。 (1) 黄土高原的范围及人文特征内容较简单, 学生可以通过自学及交流完成, 这部分内容可以确定为课堂上不作重要讲解的部分。 (2) 黄土高原的形成和治理则是核心内容, 前者注重培养学生的理性辩证能力, 是培养学生探究未知知识的科学素养精神, 这是学生意识形态方面的内在要求;而后者是培养学生根据现象解决实际问题的核心技能及知识迁移的综合能力要求。这部分内容应该安排作为课堂教学中“精讲精练”的重点内容。

2.根据班级学情取舍教、学方法。根据前期对教材内容的取舍, 在教学方法上首先指导学生通过自己阅读教材相关内容, 观察图册所提供的相关补充资料进行思考, 提出疑问。这样设计的目的是为了激发学生的学习兴趣、激活学生思维。当然这样的目的要求是建立在具体的情境设计中, 给学生黄土高原的文字和视频影像资料, 作为激发他们产生质疑的体验铺设。

【学情分析】A班学生基础知识较好, 班级学习风气浓厚, 学生有探究意识, 主动学习能力较强, 在教学中可以把教学内容分配给学生, 引导他们完成学习任务。所以突出A班学生的主动性, 以问题导入、启发质疑、解决问题为主要的引导教学方法。B班学生学习能力相对较弱, 学习基础也相对较差, 如果把教学内容完全分配给学生自主习得, 因学生的学习能力限制, 学习效果肯定打折扣, 反而需要老师多提点、引导。针对学情将教学内容分别作两种学习方法上设计。要调动B班学生的学习热情, 设计的学习方法要让学生感觉“稍微跳一跳, 就能够得着”。所以教师将讲授、启发、谈话等方法贯穿在课堂教学过程中, 引导学生通过有效途径获取学习的能力。

3.根据知识点取舍教、学时间。“说出”、“认识”、“分析”等学习目标行为动词往往确定了知识点的难易程度, 以及课标要求学生达到的学习程度, 因此, 可以成为确定课堂教学配比时间的依据。带有“说出”、“认识”动词的学习内容是基本知识和基本技能, 也是比较容易学习的知识点, 所以配比较少的时间就能完成教学要求。而“举例”、“分析”类行为动词代表的知识和技能的要求就提升了, 也是知识点和技能中的重难点, 需要通过多边交流才能完成。这部分知识点自然占据了课堂中的大部分时间。

二、多元交流, 突出“学———教”融合下的学习方式

1.自我交流, 完成基础教学内容的学习目标。在课堂教学中, 一味由老师讲授的填鸭式教学浇灭了学生的自我学习热情, 而生生交流、师生交流又会弱化部分学生的能力差异, 使那些接受能力弱的学生失去学习机会。自我交流则是让学生通过自己和教材的交流, 掌握基础知识、基础技能。在学生进行自学的过程中, 教师一边巡视检查学生的完成情况, 一边对部分能力有限的学生进行个别指导。

2.小组交流, 注重课堂教学的有效性。小组交流可以培养学生的多种能力。但在小组交流中把握有效性至关重要, 否则无效的课堂教学流于形式, 热闹中没有收获。首先, 教师要制订学习目标要求;其次, 小组内要有明确的分工;最后, 教师要检查、参与小组交流, 引导小组内成员有效完成预设任务。例如一位同学提出的“如何来记忆黄土地貌中的塬、梁、峁”, 组内有同学就根据教材上的景观图片提出:“‘塬’、‘原’同音, 就可以把‘塬’理解成一个开阔的大平原, 想象成一大块正准备做馒头的面团。‘梁’就想象成柱子, 是长条状的, 就像把那一大块面切成了条状。‘峁’就是把切成条状的面团再横向切成一个一个小馒头。”比喻非常形象, 加深了同学们的认知能力, 得到了大家的认可。

3.课堂讨论, 知识与技能的有效提升。经过小组讨论, 依然会有一些有难度、有深度, 甚至是无厘头的问题没有得到合理的解答。这时, 课堂讨论则体现出了独特的优势。一些真正有难度和深度的问题在这个环节是对学生知识和能力等方面的一个有效促进。同时, 师生间的交流突出了教师的主导作用, 可以更有效地引导唤起学生已有的旧知, 对问题进行理解分析的过程中获得新知新技能, 再利用课堂讨论引导学生对教材核心内容进行归纳、总结, 帮助学生理解记忆。同时在老师的引导下剔除一些无厘头的问题, 引导学生摒弃一些不良的学习风气, 树立正确的价值观。

摘要：尊重生命规律, 注重教学方式的民主与平等, 实现课堂教学与生命特点的和谐统一, 培养有个性、有健康丰富情感、有创新意识的初中生是初中地理课堂教学追求的目标。“学——教”融合的地理课堂正是本着这样的原则而进行的有益探索。

3.初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 Section A 语法 篇三

一.梳理课文内容，明确学习目标

本单元课文都是著名作家的作品，内容都是表现地方特色的民风民俗。和学生一起梳理课文内容，要求学生用一个词概括这些文章内容所留下的印象，结果多数同学说出来的是“吃”字。针对这个词，我问同学们：咱们监利有哪些好吃的？这些食品背后有什么文化内涵？接着，我出示了本次活动的课题及学习目标：关注监利特色，介绍地方文化。

二.寻找监利特色，了解地方文化

说到好吃的，同学们有说不完的话，各种食品纷纷“上桌”：干鱼腊肉香肠，水饺米酒汤圆……我打断了他们：请关注监利特色。大家立即哑口。是啊，这些东西似乎别的地方也有啊！哪些是监利所特有的呢？还是一些在外地待过一段时间的同学阅历丰富些，大家一致认为有一样东西不仅北京上海广州没有，就连监利周边如荆州、岳阳、武汉也极少见到，而在监利却是天天见面、人人爱吃的大众化食品，绝对算监利特产，那就是团子。

接着了解地方文化：监利的团子有什么文化？大家面面相觑，团子还有文化？我提醒他们：团子是什么做的？体现了监利的什么特色？有“鱼米之乡”美称的并不只有监利，以鱼或米为原料的各种小吃和菜肴却有无数种，何以团子成了监利特产？同学们纷纷思考，大胆假设，小心求证，从团子的形状、寓意、做法、吃法等方面说开去，从监利的地理气候、监利人的性格特点等方面说开去，这样，自然就形成了关于监利团子的“地方文化”。当然，每一样监利特色食品背后都有其独特的文化。

三.描述关注对象，提升语文能力

随便说不行，还得上升到语文学习的层面上。接下来我提出了几个问题，要求在小组内分工完成：①描述团子，做到色香味形俱全，要让人垂涎欲滴；②说明团子的做法，要让人一听就会；③讲述你吃团子的经历，要让人羡慕不已；④设计团子的吆喝语或广告词，要让人听了就想买。面对“要让人……”的要求，学生兴趣盎然，纷纷思考。交流展示阶段，果然是人人有话说，特别是吆喝语，不仅有文采，更是有特色，再加上当场吆喝，想不笑都难。

四.重温大师作品，抒写个性文章

接下来布置作文题目： 的 。半命题作文，要求关注监利特色，介绍地方文化。但总不能都写“监利的团子”吧！监利的“特色”还在哪里？于是，我带领同学们重温本单元作品，开启智慧：云南有歌会，监利有庙会（农历二月二敬土地菩萨）；汪曾祺的高邮有鸭蛋，我们的监利有粽子；过去的北京有吆喝声，现在的监利有叫卖声；琦君的家乡请喝春酒，我们的家乡请喝喜酒……粽子非监利独有，但鸭蛋也非高邮专利，汪曾祺的笔下有了高邮端午的习俗，有了作者对家乡的深厚感情，那鸭蛋也就似乎只是高邮的了；喝春酒也不仅是琦君家乡的特色，但因为有了琦君对家乡特别是对母亲的思念，才让人甚为感慨。可见，融入对家乡对亲人的感情，写出家乡的特色，就可以做到“关注监利特色，介绍地方文化”了。

学生思路豁然开朗，各种符合要求的文题纷纷出笼：“端午的粽子”“奶奶的团子”“外婆的鲊胡椒”“监利的吆喝”“家乡的二月二”……我并没有急于要求学生下笔，仍是带领他们分析本单元的文章特色，从内容到结构，从主题到情感，从语言到手法，力求有效借鉴。同时，要求他们利用周末放假回家时间，去调查了解所写对象的相关知识，力求让文章写出对象的特点，抒发自己的情感，写出有个性的文章。果然，有了充分的调查了解，学生们都有内容可写，又有现成的范文，知道如何去写，交上来的文章大多达到了要求。后来，有几篇文质兼美的文章还发表在各类刊物上。

综观整个活动，结合了地方文化与课本知识，依托课本知识，借鉴地方资源，彰显文化特色，撒播情感种子，培养语文能力，这应该是语文综合性学习的方向吧。

4.人教版八年级下册英语测试题 篇四

第一卷(70分)(第一卷答题卡在最后)

一、选择填空(40)

( )1.________ travels around the earth.

A. The sun B. Moon C. Sun D. The moon

( ) 2.--Will there be more trees and less pollution in 100 years? --_______________.

A. Yes, there will. B. I hope not. C. Yes ,they will. D. No, I hope so.

( )3. _________ you climb, ________ views you’ll enjoy..

A. Taller, better B. The higher, the better

C. The less, the more beautiful D. The highest, the most beautiful

( )4. Both Yang Liwei and Nie Haisheng are famous Chinese ______and national _____.

A. astronauts; heros B. Young Pioneers; heroes C. astronauts; heroes

D. engineers; heros

( ).5 Some scientists think______to make robots look like people, and do the same things as us.

A. it hard B. that’s difficult C. that hard D. them difficult

( ).6. If you don’t go bike-riding with her , I ______.

A. don’t, too B. also don’t C. won’t, either D. don’t, neither

( ).7. . Don’t run or shout ________ the party，or we’ll ask you_______

A. at: leaving B. in ; to leave C. during ; to leave D. during; leave

( ).8.If I play sports ______a living, maybe I will sometimes get ______.

A. for ; injured B. at ; hurt C. by; injured D. of ; bored

( ) 9. ----I can’t find my dictionary _________ .

------Oh, I forgot to tell you. Jenny ______ yesterday.

A. somewhere; gave it back B. anywhere; returned it

C. anywhere; took it away D. everywhere; borrow it

( ) 10. She doesn’t talk to me. I’m_______ and don’t know what _____.

A. disappointing , to do B. upset; to do

C. disappointed ; to do it D. amazed; should I do

( ) 11. We should practice speaking English ___ possible.

A. as many as B. as most as C. as more as D. as often as

( ) 12. This time yesterday the police _________ for the lost kid outside the city.

A. were thinking about looking B. was thinking about looking

C. thought to look D . found out

( ) 13. He ________ theatre tickets ______ he was 11 years old.

A. have collected; for B. has been collected; since

C. has been collecting; when D. has been collecting; since

( ) 14. She doesn’t care_____ her clothes are out of style.

A. if B. what C. why D. how

( ) 15.. I’m really sorry I can’t join you in visiting the factory. I’m free every day ______ today.

A. except B. besides C. for D. without

( )16.Tim was so tired this morning. It was difficult for him _________ of bed.

A. gets over B. to get up C. to get out D. got away

( )17.---- What did your son say in the letter?

----- He told me that he _____ the Great Wall the next day.

A. will visit B. had visited C. is going to visit D. would visit

( ) 18.What ___ our life ___ in ten years?

A. does, like B. is, like C. will, like D. will, be like

( ) 19. Your answer _________ right. But in fact it’s wrong.

A. becomes B. seems C. hears D. listens

( ) 20. We used a ____ to send Shenzhou Ⅵ into space.

A. spaceship B. rocket C. plane D. train

( ) 21.While she __________, the earthquake took place in Japan.

A. cooked food for me B. is having a bake sale

C. was talking on the phone D. were arguing with her mom

( )22.The teacher said I could do better _____ English .

A. in B. at C. on D. for

( )23.There _____ two free movies at the Cinema Palace this afternoon. Half the class will go.

A. are going to be B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to have

( )24.. -----How will you go to the Museum of Flight tomorrow?

------If it ______ tomorrow ,I’ll go there by bike.

A. won’t rain B. rain C. rains D. doesn’t rain

( )25 Our parents and teachers should always _________ the teenagers. They need us.

A. there for B. plan for C. wait for D. be there for

( ) 26. I don’t like shop assistants to _______. If this happens, I’ll leave as _____ as possible.

A. watch me at the same time; happily B. follow me all the time; soon

C. welcome me everywhere; late D. pay for me; quickly

( )27. ------Whom could I _______ help if I am in trouble or danger?

-----The police, of course.

A. ask for B. leave for C. get from D. keep out

( )28 In fact I had a really hard time _______with my new classmates last semester.

A.to get on well B. getting on well C. to hang out D. got on well

( )29 Teachers are always trying their best to make _______ for us to understand what they teach.

A. it easy B. themselves easy C. that possible D. it easily

( )30.. He asked _______.

A .how did that happen B. where his jacket was

C. why they won’t join us D. whether is the weather fine here.

( )31. What did the teacher say?

He said that light______faster than sound

A. traveled B. travels C. travel D. traveling

( ) 32. _____France sure to win the next World Cup?------It’s hard to say..

A. Will B. Does C. Is D. Was

( ) 33. The twins could have a bake sale to pay for education at the age of 7 .”Could” means_______

A. should B. be able C. was able to D. were able to

( ) 34. It took me a long time to _______ my headache., which lasted around a month.

A. .care for B. keep out C. look for D. get over

( ) 35. ----Did you see the girl in red pass by just now?

---- No, I________ my math problem.

A. read B. was experiencing C .was working on D. was thinking

( ) 36. Traveling can ______ our eyes _____ the outside world. -----That’s true.

A. call up; for B. use up; in C. clean up ;into D. open up; to

( ) 37. You must bring your ID cards to the library, or you will ______.

A. keep out B. be kept out C. get bored D. let out

( ) 38. Students _______ smoke anywhere, even outside the school.

A. aren’t supposed to B. suppose to C. are supposed to D. shouldn’t to

( ) 39. ______ the way, did you _____ Chinese food and your family when you were in Greece?

A. By; miss B. In; think C. On ; find D. to; eat

( )40. _______ a scientist called Einstein who had more than 1000 inventions?

A. Are you heard B. Have you heard of

C. Do you hear about D. Will you hear

二. 完型填空 (10分)

Once there was a father and a son. They were ill-tempered(坏脾气的) and never gave way (让步) to 41.

One day the father 42. to ask some friends to dinner in his house. He 43. his son to buy some meat in town. When the son walked to the town gate, a man was coming from the outside. The gate wasn’t 44. enough to let two men in and out at the same time. But neither of them 45. ___ give way to the other. They stood face to face inside the gate hour after hour. But the father was worried. “What 46. I do? My son hasn’t come yet. I can’t wait any more.” He wanted to know what was the matter with his son. So he 47______his friends at home , and went to town 48 his son.

“You may first take the 49. home for my friends .Let me 50 here against him instead (代替)of you.” He said to his son when he knew what had happened.

( )41. A. others B. another C. other D. one

( )42. A. decided B. decides C. decide D. decision

( )43. A. made B. told C. let D. tells

( )44. A .small B. big C high D .tall

( )45. A.. would B. should C. must D. could

( )46. A .do B. will C. to D. should

( )47. A. forgot B. made C. left D. lost

( )48. A .to look for B. looked for C. to find D. found

( )49 .A. meat B. dinner C. bread D. money

( )50 .A. keep B. to stand C. stand D. being

三：阅读理解(15分) (A )

A school report

Name：Edward Scott School: Kelvin High School

Grade: 8 Term ending: 6 May

Science:

He can work out many difficult problems. Well done! (做得好)

English:

He is the best in the class. Keep it up(保持).

French:

His reading is very good, he can remember many words.

History:

He is not so good at this, but has done better than before.

Geography:

He is familiar(熟悉的) with the names of many places in the world.

Music:

He doesn’t like pop songs, though sings very well.

No. in class: 9 absences: 8

Remarks(评语): Edward is able to do a lot better.

He needs to do more work next semester.

Class teacher: Ivy

Principal: M. L. Martin

School reopens: 1 September

( )51. After reading this, we know it is ________________.

A. a studying plan of Edward Scott B. a teaching plan of Ivy

C. a report card of Edward Scott D. a working plan of M. L. Martin

( ) 52. Which subject is not mentioned(提到) in the report?

A. PE B. Music C. Math D. History

( ) 53. Edward’s best subject is _________________.

A. science B. English C. geography D. French

( )54. Edward is not so good at ________________.

A. science and geography B. math and history

C. history and French D. music and English

( )55. Which sentence is not true?

A. Edward can’t sing songs very well.

B. B. Edward doesn’t do well in science.

C. Edward can do better if he works harder next term.

D. Edward learns two languages at school.

(B)

I’ll tell you a story about a Chinese student. It happened when he studied in England. His family name was Sun. It is S-U-N, just the same as the “sun”, the sun in the sky.

England is a country with bad weather. It is often cloudy or misty(多雾的) and it rains now and again. So people don’t get much sunshine in the year.

When the Chinese student arrived at London Airport, a tall English policeman with a long face checked his passport(护照). The policeman was interested in the Chinese name “Sun”. So he said to the Chinese student, “ I see your name is Sun. You are wanted here.”

What a surprise to hear that! Everybody knows if you are wanted by the police, you must have broken the law. So he asked the policeman, “ Is there anything wrong with my passport? Do I have to go back to China right now?”

“Go back?” shouted the policeman. “ Now that(既然) you are here, we’ll never let you go away.”

“What happened? What I have done?” asked the Chinese student in surprise. He thought he was going to be arrested(被捕). Then the policeman began to smile. He said, “ You don’t know what you have done, Mr Sun? You’ve brought sunshine to England. So we don’t want you to go away.”

( ) 56. This story took place ______________.

A. at London Airport B. at a university C. in the street D. at a station

( )57. Why does England want the sun? Because ________________________.

A. England is often cloudy. B. England is often misty.

C. England never rains. D. Both A and B.

( )58. Mr Sun was very ____________ when he heard that he was wanted.

A. angry B. happy C. surprised D. tired

( ) 59. Why did the policeman said that he wouldn’t let Mr Sun go away?

A. Because Mr Sun had broken the law.

B. Because the policeman knew Mr. Sun and was friendly to him.

C. Because there is no Mr Sun in England.

D. Because the policeman liked Mr Sun’s family name and thought Mr Sun would bring sunshine to England.

( ) 60. Which one is right?

A. At last the policeman arrested Mr Sun.

B. At last Mr Sun stayed in England and studied there.

C. At last Mr Sun left England.

(C)

In 1896, the first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece. Since then many countries have successfully held the Olympics, such as England, France, Germany, Canada, the USA, Spain and Australia. After more than a century the Games returned to its hometown in .

When people hold the Olympic Games, they always make an emblem(会徽). The emblem of the Athens Olympic Games that year was a white circle of olive branches(橄榄枝) in the sky.

Athens developed a spirit(精神) of peace. An officer said, “ While in Athens, the world should be at peace. We hope the peace is not just for a short time. We would like the message from Athens Games to help countries come together and solve(解决) their problems.”

4 years later, the Olympic Games was held in China. And China made a seal as the emblem of the Beijing Olympic Games. The emblem has a Chinese character on a red seal and means “Chinese seal—dancing Beijing”. Below it, there are the words “Beijing 2008”. The character in the emblem is “Jing”. It means “capital” of China, and it is also like a runner or a dancer. The running figure(人形) of the emblem shows the spirit if the Olympics—faster, higher and stronger.

( )61. Which country held the first modern Olympic Games?

A. Greece B. China C. Australia D. France

( ) 62. What do people always make when they hold the Olympic games?

A. A picture. B. An emblem. C. A flag. D. A map.

( ) 63. What message did the Athens Olympic Games want to give?

A. War(战争). B. Luck. C. Danger. D. Peace.

( ) 64. What does the character in the emblem of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games look like?

A. A singer and a dancer. B. A runner and a dancer.

C. An actor and a singer. D. A runner and an actor.

( ) 65. The spirit of the Olympic Games is __________________.

A. history and friendship B. faster, higher and stronger

C. running and dancing D. peace, friendship and development

四. 补全对话 从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个答案完成对话。(5分)

A: Hi, Xiao Ming! How is it going?

B: 66. _______________

A: The summer vacation is coming. 67.____________

B: Well, mum is going to take me to Dalian.

A: 68._______________

B: She says Dalian is a modern city with beautiful beaches and squares and it is cooler in summer.

A: How are you going there?

B: 69._________________

A: How wonderful! I have never taken a plane. That must be fun.

B: And exciting as well.

A: So you are doing the shopping for the trip?

B: Yes, I want to buy a pair of sports shoes and glasses.

A: They are necessary in a seaside city. 70. _____________________

B: Thank you. See you.

( ) 66. A. Fine, and you? B. How do you do?

C. Not too bad. D. Nice to meet you.

( ) 67. A. What did you do? B. what have you done?

C. What are you going to do? D. What do you do?

( ) 68. A. When are you going there? B. How are you going there?

C. Why are you going there? D. What’s the weather like there?

( ) 69. A. We are going there by air. B. We want to go there by train.

C. We plan to get there on the sea. D. What about going there by car?

( ) 70. A. Have a good trip. B. Nice day!

C. Take care of yourself. D. Be careful during the trip

第二卷(50分)

五. 拼写单词 根据句意和所给音标写出单词。(5分)

71. He has to _______ / st?p /his collection because of running out of money.

72. -Look! The kids are selling newspapers to raise money for _________/’t??riti /

73. You will find many old buildings in German _______/ stail/ in the east of the city.

74. . Science is one of my favorite ___________ / `s?bd?iktz/. How about yours?

75. Many rich people ________ / k?m’plein/.that they are not as happy as they were.

六. 选词填空 (10分)

A. 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的单词填空，不变形。

A few tears ago, Medvedev (梅德韦杰夫) took over from Vladimir Putin (普京). At the age of 42, he became the youngest president of modern 76_______. Medvedev was_77______ to a family of_78_______. He read a lot from a young age. After university, the soft-spoken young man went on to teach 79____ at university and became very popular with his students. In , Medvedev became the first deputy prime minister (第一副总理). But he was as friendly as before. “He has not __80______. He invited me to his home,” said Vera Smirnova, Medvedev’s first teacher. “In Russia, only two politicians (政治家) have invited their first teachers to their homes, Medvedev and Putin.”

B阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的单词填空，变形!!!

Pass Argue get have stay

A generous gap(代沟) has become a serious problem. I read a report about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed themselves after 81_______ with parents. I think this is because they don’t often have a talk with each other. Parents now spend more time in the office, It seems that they don’t have much time 82______ with their children. As time 83_____, they both feel that they don’t have the same topic(话题) to talk about. I want to tell parents to be more careful with your children, try to know them and 84 ____ on well them. And for children, show your love to your parents. They are the people who love you. So tell them your thoughts(思想). In this way, you 85 ______ a better understanding of each other.

七：填空(每空一词)(5分)

A：Who’s your best friend?

B：My best friend is Xiao Li, but last week we had a big __86____and now he isn’t talking to me.

A：How did it 87 ?

B：It all started when he asked me 88 he could copy my homework.

A：Why did he want to do that?

B：He said he had forgotten to do _89_____.

A：What did you do then?

B：I told him that it was not a good idea for him to copy my homework..

A：Did he think so?

B：No, he 90_______ really mad at me and said that he didn’t want to be my friend anymore..

八 句型转换(每句一分：7分)

91They were planning a surprise party for their mother.(一般问句).

_______ ________ planning a surprise party for their mother?

92 He has been listening to English songs since three years ago. (划线提问).

____ ___ ______ ______ he been listening to English songs?

93 I didn’t have enough time to finish the test papers.(同义句)

I ______ ______ _______ time to finish the test papers.

94 Why are you against getting the same haircut as she does? (同义句)

Why don’t you _______ ______ _____ the same haircut as she does?

95 “ Does it seem to be a dream job?” Tom asked mother. (同义句)

Tom asked mother ______ it _______ ______ a dream job.

.96. The flight took off after the clouds lifted (同义句)

The flight ______ ______ off ______ the clouds lifted.

97. “I don’t think it good to copy others’ homework. ” Jack said to me. (同义句)

Jack ______ me that ______ _____ think it good to copy others’ homework

九 完成句子(每两空一分，8分)

98 期末考第一。他的梦想成真了。

He came top in the ____________ exams. His dream ______ _______.

99迟早你会爱上集邮的。

Sooner or later, you _____ ______ ______ love with stamp collecting.

100不会相信昨晚球票免费。

You won’t believe it ,but the tickets ______ the ball game______ _______ last night.

101我相信他当时很了解此种压力。

I was sure that he knew a lot _______ ________ __________at that time.

102. 他们默默沿街走着，不知该说啥。

5.人教版八年级下册英语知识点总结 篇五

短语归纳

1.do the dishes 洗餐具

2.take out the trash 倒垃圾

3.go out 外出

4.stay out 呆在外面;不在家

5.help out 帮助做完某事

6.at least 至少

7.throw down扔下

8.all the time 一直;反复

9.in surprise 惊讶地

10.as soon as 一......就......

11.spend......on......在......花费(时间、金钱、精力)

12. in order to 为了

13.provide sth for sb 向某人提供某物

14.depend on 依赖;信赖

15.look after 照顾;照看

16.keep it clean and tidy 保持干净整洁

17.get into 进入

18.take care of 照顾

19.as a result 结果

用法归纳

1.finish doing sth 做完某事

2.want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事

3.try (not) to do sth 尽力(不)做某事

4.let sb do sth 让某人做某事

5.spend......(in) doing sth 花费......做某事

6.mind doing sth 介意做某事

7.learn to do sth 学习做某事

8.learn how to do sth 学习怎样做某事

9.The +比较级，the+比较级 越......，就越.....

语法点

情态动词could 的用法

表示请求与准许，could 委婉有礼貌;

表示能力会不会，could只把过去表

表示怀疑不相信，could缓和情绪弱

6.初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 Section A 语法 篇六

现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)

(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

—It’s so dark. 太黑了。

—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。

(2)表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。

Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里了。(从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿)

Eg. I have lived here since . 自从我就住在这儿。(从20开始，持续到现在还住这儿)

(3) 基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)

①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 I have not finished my homework. (否定句)

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

—Have you finished your homework?

—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, (一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)

(4)has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别

? Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)

Eg. ---Where is your father?

---He has gone to Shanghai.

? Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)

Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.

? Have/has been in：呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)

Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.

(5)现在完成时的标志：

①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。

Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.

②for + 时间段;since + 过去的时间点;since + 段时间 ago;since + 一般过去时的句子。

They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.

(6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化

规则变化： 1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed

2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned

3. 以―辅音字母 + y‖结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied

4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped

不规则变化：

5. 以不变应万变。如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read

6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：

feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept

7. 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent

8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy → bought → bought;

7.初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 Section A 语法 篇七

一、初中《历史与社会教师教学用书》的运用现状及存在的问题。

随着《历史与社会课程标准》的颁布, 历史与社会教学进行了轰轰烈烈的课程改革。虽然新课标的思想、理念在不断落实, 但是历史与社会课堂沉闷的状况依然没有根本改变, 应试教学模式依然流行。我通过对历史与社会课堂教学状况的观察和问卷调查, 发现这一状况的产生原因在于很多教师受原有观念和教学方式的影响, 在理解新课程和运用教辅资料的过程中出现了严重的偏差, 尤其是对《历史与社会教师教学用书》的运用存在以下问题。

尽管新课程教学改革在不断深入, 但是有些教师还在沿用老教材的教学方法, 对新事物缺乏认知的积极性;网络资源的丰富, 下载课件及教案相当方便, 一些教师对教师教学用书根本不屑一顾, 整个学期下来都没有翻一下, 甚至对教师教学用书还进行口诛笔伐。其最主要的原因是思想上不重视。一次参加某学区教学调研时, 我听了一堂八年级上册历史与社会的调研课, 这位老师是用课件上的, 课后问他:你的课件是怎样做出来呀?有没有参考教师教学用书?他的回答很明确:我从不用教师教学用书, 现在现成的课件多的是, 不用自己辛苦了。是呀, 网络资源共享多方便, 又省力省心省时。现状是严峻的, 因为它严重违背了教师教学用书编者的初衷。教师教学用书是专家们依据历史与社会教学大纲及教材内容和要求, 结合教学实际共同编写的, 力图贯彻新一轮国家基础教育课程改革精神, 切实有效地帮助教师顺利完成《历史与社会课程标准》提出的历史与社会课程目标教学, 是教师理解新教材、选择教法、设计教案的重要依据, 它尽管以历史与社会教材附属品的面目出现, 但对大多数初中历史与社会教师的教学有很大的指导意义。

然而, 在新课程的改革进程中, 一些一线教师却无视教学用书, 甚至不用教学用书, 这样无疑失去了一笔宝贵的资源, 以致加重了备课的负担。

二、对初中《历史与社会教师教学用书》编写的几点思考。

之所以会出现以上现象, 除了部分教师在教学用书中找不到他所感兴趣的东西之外, 还同教学用书的内容编写有一定的关系。以改变教师对教师教学用书的使用现状为目的, 我对初中《历史与社会教师教学用书》的编写提出以下几点看法。

(一) 提供明确的课时教学目标。

现行的初中《历史与社会教师教学用书》只罗列了单元教学目标, 而没有明确课时教学目标, 这样笼统的教学目标给教师带来许多不便, 因为教师上课是按课时来教的, 而不是按单元上的, 所以一些教师很难抓准课时教学目标。例如:八年级上册第一单元“史前时代”, 仅罗列了5点单元教学目标, 而没有课时教学目标, 不同的教师由于对教材的理解不同, 所定位的课时教学目标也不同。比如:在某学区的一次“同课异构”的教学调研活动中, 三位开课老师都上八年级上册第一单元———第一课时《人猿相揖别》:第一位老师将本课时的教学目标确定如下: (1) 通过观察、分析图文资料, 理解自然条件对人类早期文明的培育和制约作用。 (2) 通过观察、思考, 知道远古人类从低级到高级不断进化的过程。 (3) 分析有关资料, 理解在从古猿到人的演变过程中, 劳动的重要作用。

第二位老师将本课时的教学目标确定为如下: (1) 情感态度与价值观目标。 (1) 通过观察、分析图文资料, 理解自然条件对人类早期文明的培育和制约作用。 (2) 通过观察、思考, 感受远古人类从低级到高级不断进化的过程。 (2) 过程与方法目标。 (1) 通过解读有关资料, 分析从古猿到人的演变过程中, 劳动起了重要作用。 (2) 初步认识人类的起源, 说出元谋人、北京人、山顶洞人的演进程序。 (3) 知识与技能目标。 (1) 人类诞生的标志与时间。 (2) 自然环境因素对人类进化进程的影响。

第三位老师在备本课时教案时就没有确定教学目标, 只有教学要求内容如下: (1) 通过观察、分析图文资料, 感受人类产生的基本条件和生活状况, 理解自然条件对人类早期文明的培育和制约作用; (2) 通过观察、思考, 知道远古人类从低级到高级不断进化的过程; (3) 分析有关资料, 理解在从古猿到人的演变过程中, 劳动的重要作用; (4) 收集有关我国早期人类生活区域分布情况、生活与生产情况的资料, 知道中国是人类发源地之一。

观察以上三位老师对本课时教学目标的确定, 我们发现, 第一位老师将教学要求内容直接套用为教学目标, 第三位干脆不定教学目标, 直接用教学要求, 这两位老师对教学目标和教学要求概念没有弄明白, 其实两者不能替换。第二位老师定出了三维教学目标, 似乎很好, 但是观其内容, 又有些乱。因此, 如果教学用书向大家提供明确的课时教学目标, 无疑就会给广大教师指点迷津。

(二) 提供教学重点、难点, 以及突出重点和突破难点的方法。

现行的初中历史与社会教师教学用书中, 只对课时教学内容做了适当的结构分析, 却没有确立教学重点和教学难点, 给出突出重点和突破难点的方法。

例如:在某学区的一次“同课异构”的教学调研活动中, 两位开课老师都上八年级上册第一单元———第一课《人猿相揖别》:第一位老师将本课时的重点、难点确立为: (1) 教学重点:中国早期人类起源的历程。 (2) 教学难点:理解劳动对人类形成的重要作用;理解自然环境对人类起源的直接影响。第二位老师将本课时的重点、难点确立为: (1) 教学重点:知道远古人类从低级到高级不断进化的过程;劳动在从古猿到人的演变过程中的重要作用。 (2) 教学难点:真正认识人类的起源问题。

以上两位老师对同一课时确立了不同的重点、难点, 不仅教学的侧重点不同, 而且造成学生掌握知识的侧重点造成不同。更值得探讨的是, 他们仅仅确立了本课时的重点、难点, 未提供突出重点和突破难点的方法, 更何况他们确定的重点、难点内容未必就是公认的重点、难点。因此, 我认为, 教学用书中如能增加明确的教学重点和难点, 以及突出重点和突破难点的方法部分内容, 将大大提高教师对教材的理解和把握程度。

(三) 提供教学评价建议应体现师生的交互作用。

“教学评价建议”应包括教法建议、学法建议及评价建议, 是教师指导学生采用某些学法, 达成学习目标的建议。然而, 教师教学用书中的“教学评价建议”部分仅用一段话做些简单的说明。例如:八年级上册第一单元第一课《人猿相揖别》中的“教学评价建议”内容如下:“本课应侧重于评价学生能否初步认识人类的起源, 能否说出元谋人、北京人、山顶洞人出现的先后顺序, 能否合理地想象并简单地描述他们的生活与生产情况, 能否对人类的起源提出各种问题。”

以上的“教学评价建议”内容其实仅仅停留在评价学生对教学内容的掌握情况, 教与学的评价并未体现出来。教师

WENJIAOZILIAO

在设计教学时, 要考虑教与学如何和谐接轨, 如何调动学生学习主动性, 从而提高教学效率。这就需要教学用书提供体现师生交互作用的具体方法, 包括师生互动、生生互动;提供体现师生交互作用的学习活动程序和活动方式, 指导教师在教学过程中使学生主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动手, 培养学生搜集和处理信息的能力, 获取新知识的能力, 分析和解决问题的能力, 以及交流与合作的能力, 引导学生学会学习。

(四) 提供问题解答的思路和方法。

教师教学用书的习题答案设计要建立多级标准, 问题解答不能仅停留在给出答案提示, 而应提供具体的解题思路和方法, 并对答案设立不同的评价标准, 对同一问题不同的答案思路和方法的训练将大大提高学生的思维能力, 便于教师在教学实践中重视学生的学习过程, 培养学生搜集和处理信息的能力, 分析和解决问题的能力。

(五) 提供丰富多彩的图文及音像资料。

资料是人类思想、科学文化知识和各种实践活动赖以记录、保存和传播的音像、文字材料的总称。正如马克思所说:“研究必须搜集丰富的资料, 分析它的不同发展形态, 并搜索出各种形态的内部联系。”在教师用书中, 提供丰富多彩的教学参考资料, 其作用是不言而喻的。可目前教师用书中“参考资料”的内容选取以文字为主, 显得相对单一和无趣。纯知识性的介绍使得这部分内容缺乏可读性和趣味性, 尤其是对人物和事件的介绍更显得干瘪, 没有血肉, 激发不了教师阅读的兴趣。因而, 教学用书宜增加图文资料, 增加课文内容相关人物的趣闻轶事, 甚至是音像资料, 否则容易枯燥乏味。教师对这部分内容的选用也能适当增加课堂教学的趣味性, 活跃课堂气氛, 激发学生的学习兴趣。布鲁诺说:“学习的最好刺激, 乃是对学习资料的兴趣。”可见资料选取的重要性。例如:我在八年级上册综合探究三《从宗教景观看文化的多样性》的探究活动中发现, 本次活动涉及很多历史学、神学、佛学、美学、建筑学、文化传承与传播、环境与气候关系等方面的知识, 而大部分学生对这些知识的掌握非常匮乏, 这就需要教师教学用书提供大量的相关资料, 便于教师采用, 以解决探究活动中遇到的疑难问题。

(六) 提供具体的教学案例。

教学案例是教师在教学过程中对教学的重点、难点, 偶发事件, 有意义的、典型的教学事例处理的过程、方法和具体的教学行为与艺术的记叙, 以及对该个案记录的剖析、反思、总结。教师教学用书若能根据每一学习内容的分析和教学评价建议等编写具体的教学案例, 以案例的形式供广大教师参考, 则将更好地展示编者的意图和促进教师对学习内容的理解和运用。

8.初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 Section A 语法 篇八

2.want(sb.)to do sth.想要(某人)做某事 3.love doing/ to do sth.喜欢做某事 4.hope to do sth.希望做某事

5.have been in + 地点 在某处待了多久 have been there/here6.decide to do sth.决定做某事 8.used to do sth.过去常做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 ……be used to do sth.……被用做…… 9.need to do sth.需要做某事.10.a great way to do sth.一个做某事的好方法 11.It’s unbelievable that …很难相信…… 12.watch sb.do sth.观看某人做了某事 make sb.do sth.让某人做某事

13.encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 14.as …as… 和……一样

15.see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事 see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事

16.have problems/trouble(in)doing sth.做某事很费劲.18.the best time to do sth.做某事的最佳时间 19.choose to do sth.选择做某事 20.tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事.21.finish doing sth.完成做某事

22.arrive at(小地点)/in(大地点)到达某地

reach sp.get to sp.23.learn to do sth.学习/学会做某事

24.help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事 48.can’t stop doing sth.禁不住做某事 49.hear sb.doing sth.听见某人正在做某事 50.lead sb.to sp.带领某人去某地 51.leave sth.at / in sp.把某物遗忘在某地 52.show sb.sth.向某人展示某物 53.be busy doing sth.忙着做某事 54.begin / start to do sth.开始做某事 55.allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事

56.Why don’t you do sth.? 你为什么不做某事呢？ 57.find sb.doing sth.发现某人在做某事 58.refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 59.let sb.do sth.让某人做某事 61.mind sb.doing sth.介意某人做某事 62.not …until …直到……才……

64.What do you think of …? 你认为……怎么样？ 65.learn how to do sth.学会怎样做某事

66.the +比较级，the + 比较级越……，就越…… 67.make plans to do sth.制订计划做某事

68.ask sb.(not)to do sth.要求某人（不要）做某事 69.give up + 时间+to do sth.放弃时间去做某事 70.get a feeling of … 有……感觉 71.make a difference to对……产生影响

72.make it possible for sb.to do sth.使得做某事对某人来说是可能的73.expect sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事 74.practice doing sth.练习做某事

1.it’s + adj.(for sb.)+to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是…… 25.name sb.sth.给某人取名为……

某事Teach sb.about sth.教某人有关……内容 27.use sth.to do sth.用某物做某事

28.be interested in sth./ doing sth.对某事/做某事感兴趣 29.can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 30.be kind/ friendly to sb.对某人友好 32.have time to do sth.有时间做某事have no time to do sth.没有时间做某事 33.any other +单数名词其他任何一个…… 34.feel free to ask sb.sth.on …就…随意问某人某事 是什么？

36.How high is …？……有多高？ 38.succeed in doing sth.成功做成某事 39．spend …doing…花费……做某事

40.There be sb./sth.doing … 有某人/物正在做某事 41.send sb.to do sth.派某人去做某事 42.try to do sth.设法/尽力做某事43.keep doing sth.一直做某事

keep on doing 继续做某事 44.instead of doing sth.代替做某事 45.be able to do sth.能够做某事

46.become interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 47.It takes / took(sb.)+时间+ to do sth.（某人）花费多少时间做某事

26.teach sb.sth./ teach sb.to do sth.教某人某事/教某人做hear sb.do sth.听见某人做某事

7.one of +the + 形容词最高级+可数名词得数 最……之一 31.It’s+名词+to do 做某事是……的35.What’s the +形容词最高级+in the world? 世界上最……60.offer to do sth.主动提出做某事

37.protect …from/against…保护……使不受……，防御 63.It’s time to do / for sth.该做某事了

9.初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 Section A 语法 篇九

知识点：

１． 基本用法：１）Would you mind doing?=Do you mind doing..?“你介意„?” “请你„好不好？”是一种比较客气的表达方式。２）如果要表示“请你不要做„好吗？”只需在doing 前面加not.应答用语：１）如果同意表示不介意时，可用如下用语来表达：Certainly not.;Of course not.;No,not at all.;Not at all.“好，可以”２）如果不同意表示介意时，常用“Sorry.”“I’m sorry, but„”及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对。；这一句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈话的对方you，如果想要对方允许自己做某事，可以用 “Would you mind my doing..?句型。

２． 形容词与副词之间的转化：１）以le结尾去e变y，possible→possibly；２）在形容词后直接加ly,usual→usually；３）在以辅音字母+e结尾直接加ly,wide→widely；４）以元音字母+e结尾，去e加ly,true→truly；５）以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i+ly,happy→happily

３． put on, wear, dress,have on, in: put on强调动作过程“穿上”为瞬间动词；wear表示结果或状态“穿着”,持续动词；dress强调穿的动作，后面不能跟宾语（衣服）等，还可以作名词，意思是“服装”，dress up化装，dress oneself 给某人穿衣服，dress in穿衣服，have on表示“穿„”，相当于wear，但没有进行时态；in介词，后跟表示颜色的名词，表示穿着某种颜色的衣服。

４． in a minute, soon等多用于将来时，表示即将去做某事

in+时间段，after+时间段：１）“in+时间段”只能用于一般将来时，“after+时间段”可以用于过去时和将来时２）当二者都用于将来时的时候“in+时间段”表示从现在算起在一定时间内，动作将在未来一周之内的某一个具体时间内发生。“after+时间段”是从这段时间之后算起，动作将在这段时间之后发生。

５． very, too, so, quite以上几个副词均修饰形容词，副词表示程度，“很，太，非常”；very应用最普遍“很”，只是一个表示程度的副词，它表示的程度比quite要强得多，very只用来修饰形容词和副词的原级；too“太”，一般表示“相对某人而言”；so“如此„,那么„”,往往表明某一事物的程度时，会引起另一种后果。换言之，so所修饰的人或物表示原因后面会有表示结果的句子。So„that„如此„以致于；quite既可以表示充分肯定，意思是 “完全；十分”，也可以表示程度，意思是“完全，十分”，也可以表示程度，意思是“相当”，quite可修饰动词，v.ing，形容词，副词，分词等。quite a +adj+n.a very+adj.+n

６． move from„to „从„搬到„，迁移；move on继续向前走

７． yet, already,still:yet用于疑问句中，意为“现在，已经”；用于否定句中，意为“还没”；already与still用于肯定句中，already意为“已经”，still意为“还，仍然”，already若用于疑问句中，表示惊讶或意外；yet与still都可以修饰比较级，意为“更加，益发”。

８． put away收好，储蓄，放弃；put down放下，扑灭，写下；put„into„把„翻译成„；put off延期；put up举起，张贴，修建；put on穿上，上演

９． See的用法：１）see+从句，意为“看到„,留意„”如，I saw that you weren’t among the students.２）see sb do sth.看到某人做某事；see sb doing看到某人正在做某事；see+名词 看到

１０． voice, sound, noise:在这组词中，voice可以作名词或动词；sound可以作名词，动词，形容词和副词；noise只能用作名词。这里仅就它们作名词表示“声音”时的用法进行辨析。1）voice专指人的声音（如说话，唱歌，笑的时候发出的声音等）。偶尔也指禽，虫鸣叫的声音，但一般不用于指其他动物的叫声。2）sound表示能听见的任何声音。3）noise通常是指大而令人不快的噪音，嘈杂声，喧闹声等。4）sound和noise常与动词make连用，而voice则不能和make连用。

10.初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 Section A 语法 篇十

1. 第2课《芦花荡》一文中的第54段写道:

“我打他们不用枪, 那不是我的本事。”这句话表达模糊不清。结合上下文来看, 意思是要写老头子的过于自尊自信和机智勇敢, 但是却没有表达出来, 误将双重否定和反问两种句式糅合在了一起。不妨将原句改为:“我打他们不用枪, 那才是我的本事!”或:“我打他们用枪?那不是我的本事。”这样就能更准确地表达出人物的性格特征了。

2. 在第11课《中国石拱桥》

11.人教版英语七年级下册语法知识点 篇十一

Be型(be +表语)，否定形式：don’t + be +表语

Be quiet，please. Don’t be late!

Do型(实义动词+其他)，

否定形式：don’t +实义动词+其他

Come here，please. Don’t play football here.

Let型(let sb do sth)，

否定形式：don’t + let sb do sth或者let sb not do sth

No+n/ V-ing No photos /mobile;

No parking/ smoking/ spitting/ talking/ picking of flowers

2. in class在课堂上 in the classroom 在教室

3. be on time准时

4. listen to music

5. (have a)fight with sb

7. eat outside

8. Must 与have to

(1)must 表示说话人主观上的看法，意为“必须”。have to 表示客观的需要或责任，意为“不得不，必须”，后接动词原词。

(2)must没有人称，时态和数的变化Have to 有人称，数，时态的变化，其第三人称单数形式为 has to ，过去式为had to. 构成否定句或疑问句时借助动词do/ does。

(3)have to的否定式是needn’t=don’t / doesn’t have to (不必要);must的否定式是must not/ mustn’t(一定不能，不允许)。

9. Some of…

10. bring…to…

11. practice (doing)sth

12. wash/ do the dishes

13.on school days/ nights

14. break/ follow(obey)the rules

15. Be strict with sb/>be strict in sth对……严格。

16. too many“太多”修饰可数名词复数

too much“太多”修饰不可数名词

much too“实在太”修饰形容词或副词

17. make one’s/ the bed

18. get to, arrive in/at, reach,到达(如果后面接地点的副词home，here或there ,就不用介词in ,at, to)

19. remember/ forget+to do要做

+doing做过

12.初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 Section A 语法 篇十二

world? Section A 1a – 1c(第1课时)

丘嘉怡

【学习目标】

A.学习并掌握词汇：square, meter, deep, desert,了解地理名词：qomolangma，the Nile river，the Sahara desert，the Caspian sea B.B.学习目标语言：

1.Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.2.What’s the highest mountain in the world? 3.It’s 8844.43 meters high C．情感态度目标：Talk about geography and nature(了解自然和地理知识).【重点、难点】

形容词和副词比较级的用法；大基数词的读法，量度的英文表达。【导学指导】 温故知新： A.复习形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。B.大基数词的读法。

一、Warm-up 1.导入一个有关主题的视频，并请学生由此猜出本课主题是什么 2.复习有关形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的规则 3.适当的练习加深记忆

二．Presentation 1.通过图片导入，使学生对这些地理名词的英文表达产生兴趣，同时加入音标学习地理名词：qomolangma、the Nile river, the sSahara desert, the Caspian sea 2.再通过多方图片学习本课时除地理名词外的新单词，从图到词再到音标，引导学生独立完成学习新单词的过程

3.鼓励学生通过平时所学地理知识转换成英文输出，完成Match the facs，注意引导学生对山川河流的量词的分析

4.引导学生注意文中对山川河流的量度英文描述，并由此展出如何用英文表达某物的长宽高？的画面，让学生理解并且能独立完成相应的练习。…8,844 meters high.…8,844米高…

meters high(long, wide…)……米高（长，宽……)。

英语表示“有多长（宽，高……）”时，一般将数词和数量单位放在表示长宽高的形容词前作状语。e.g.The river is 2000 metres long.5.让学生先分析1b部分的听力材料，随后播放音频，让学生独立完成填空，如学生反映不够清晰，可再次播放，重在让学生能理解听力材料

6.检查学生答案后，可让学生再回到地理名词学习的画面，并用刚学到地理知识表达。Now we know that.....Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.The Nile is the longest river in the world.The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes.The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.三．Pair work 学习和练习时间结束，请学生整理出这节课学到的知识大概，并用1b的信息与同伴一起编对话。A: What is the highest mountain in the world？ B: Qomolangma.四．Homework 1.抄写并背诵本课新单词 2.查找你喜欢的地方的英文名字