高一英语第二单元知识点巩固练习题(共7篇)
1.高一英语第二单元知识点巩固练习题 篇一
第二单元
*重点单词及短语
1)hunger名词,表示“饥饿,欲望”。have a hunger for sth渴望做某事。
satisfied one’s hunger解饿。
作动词,表示“(使)饥饿”。hunger for/after表示“渴望得到”。2)thanks to表示“由于”。区别thanks to,due to和owing to:
thanks to相当于on account of;because of,多用于褒义。
owing to表示“因为”,只能作状语。
due to也表示“因为”,可作状语,可放在be后面,也可直接用在名词后面。3freedom of;freedom to do„表示“„„的自由”。
freedom from„不受„„的影响。the freedom of sth随意使用某物的权利。4)would rather
表示“宁愿,宁可”后接动词原形。
would rather do„than do„表示“宁愿做„„而不愿做„„”。
would rather后接省略that的宾语从句,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示过去。5)suitable形容词“合适的,适当的”。be suitable for/to sb/sth适合于„„。6)term名词,表示“术语,期限,学期”。
带有term的短语:holiday terms冠冕堂皇的言语,奉承的言语 serve one’s term服刑 in good set terms用坚决严肃的语言 in the long(short)term从长远(短期)来说 in terms of用„„的字眼,从„„观点出发;换算,折合
7)refer to向某人/某事物查询信息。提到,说到,涉及到。与某人有关。适用于。8)reduce表示“减少,缩减,缩小,降低,简化”。
reduce„to减少到„„;使陷入„„的境遇;使成为„„的情况;使变形,使变化; 分解,化简。归纳成为。reduce„by减少了„„。9)supply作动词,表示“补给,供给,提供”。supply sb with sth=supply sth to/for sb。
作名词,表示“供给,供应”,是不可数名词。表示“供应品,补给品”,是可数名词,常用复数形式。in short supply缺少,供应不足。
have a large/good supply of„ = have large supplies of„ 备有许多„„。10)whatever作连接代词,表示“无论什么,凡是„„”,引导让步状语从句。相当于no matter
what„也可以引导名词性从句。做疑问代词,意思是“(究竟是)什么”。or whatever诸如此类。作副词,常用于no+名词,nothing,none等之后,以加强语气。11)summary表示“总结,归纳,摘要”。in summary总的来说。作形容词,表示“简短的,迅速的,概括的”。
12)rid
rid sb of sth除掉某人的„„。get rid of意思是“除掉,除去,摆脱”。13)regret作动词,表示“后悔,懊恼,惋惜”。作名词,表示“懊恼,遗憾,悔恨”。
regret sth/that„后悔某事。regret doing sth后悔干了某事。regret to do sth遗憾要干某事。It is to be regretted that„遗憾的是„„。to one’s regret 抱歉,令某人遗憾的是。* 重要语法知识点
3.语法动名词作主语宾语与动词不定式 动名词 定义
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。
解释:动词的ing形式如果是名词,这个词称动名词。
特征:动词原形+ing构成,具有名词,动词一些特征
一、动名词的作用
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1、作主语
动名词作主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。
动名词作主语的几种类型
动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。
动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:
1.直接位于句首做主语。
2.用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。
注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3.用于“There be”结构中。
4.用于布告形式的省略结构中。
5.动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。
6.例词shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词
二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。
注意:
1)在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。
2)在“It is no use„”,“It is no good„”,“It is fun„”,“It is a waste of time„”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语。
3)在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语。
4)在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语。
5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一。
2、作宾语(1)作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devo„to„, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。
(2)作介词的宾语。
(3)作形容词的宾语。
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
二、动名词的逻辑主语
带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语,动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如
在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。
在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语:
a.无命名词b.有生命名词但表示泛指意义c.两个以上的有生命名词并列
三、动名词的时态和语态
1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。
2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者,动名词用被动语态。
(1)它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,或在其前发生。
(2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
(3)在某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,这似乎是一种强大的习惯。
(4)在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得累赘,尤其是在口语中。
(5)动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形,但无进行意义,being不可省略。
四、常见题型:
1)动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数。
2)在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词。
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语。
4)有些词后只能接动名词
admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;defer;delay;deny;detest;discontinue;dislike;dispute;enjoy;it entails;escape;excuse;explain;fancy;feel like;finish;forgive;can’t help;hinder;imagine;it involves;keep;it means;mention;mind;miss;it necessitates;pardon;postpone;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand„
5)另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法
it’s no good;it’s no/little/hardly any/ use;it’s not/hardly/scarcely use;it’s worthwhile;spend money/time;there’s no;there’s no point in;there’s nothing worse than;what’s the use/point„
6)有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。
五、动名词与现在分词的同与不同
动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。
区别:
1?动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:
①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变。
②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置。
2?动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:
动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质?状态或动作等。
被动语态
一、被动语态的用法:
1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词。
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词。
3.现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词。
4.一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词。
5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词。
6.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词。
7.不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词。
二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
1.先找出谓语动词;2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
3.把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;4.注意人称、时态和数的变化。
三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1.不及物动词无被动语态。2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to。
4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定,或是间接宾语加被动语态再加只接宾语。
5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。不定式
[不定式的简介]
1.不定式定义:由to+动词原形构成。
不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。
2.用途:在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。[动词不定式的时态、语态]
动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语,其形式如下:
主动形式 被动形式
一般式(not)to make(not)to be made 完成式(not)to have made(not)to have been made
进行式(not)to be making(not)to have been making
(1)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。
在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:There are still many things to t ake care of(to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.(We have nothing to do now.)There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
(2)时态
1)现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
2)完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
3)进行时: 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
4)完成进行时: [疑问词+不定式结构]
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。
疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。[动词不定式的语法功能]
一、作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:
①It+be+名词+to do ②It takes sb+some time+to do
③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do ④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式。
二、作宾语
1)动词+ 不定式
afford.aim.appear.agree.arrange.ask.be.decide.bother.care.choose.come.dare.demand.desire.determine.expect.elect.endeavor.hope.fail.happen.help.hesitate.learn.long.mean.manage.offer.ought.plan.prepare.pretend.promise.refuse.seem.tend.wait.wish.undertake.2)动词+不定式 ;动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish„
3)动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
4)以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。
5)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式。
三、作补语
1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
Find 的特殊用法:
Find 后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get,have。
2)to + be 的不定式结构,作补语的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
3)to be +形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean„
4)there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
有些动词需用as 短语做补语,如regard, think believe, take, consider.四、作表语
不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。
当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组时,或以what引导的名词性分句,不定式说明主语的内容。
动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来。
五、作状语
1)目的状语 to„only to(仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)„as to„(如此„„以便„„)
2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。3)表原因
六、作定语
⒈不定式作定语
不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。
不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系:
(1)表示将来的动作。(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词。
(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态;如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态。
(4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句。[省to 的动词不定式]
1)情态动词(除ought 外,ought to): 2)使役动词 let, have, make:
3)感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to。注意:在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
4)表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather,had better,might(just)as well:rather than置于句首时。
5)Why„ / why not„:6)help 可带to,也可不带to, help sb(to)do sth:
7)but和except:but前是动词do时,后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8)由and, or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可以省去:
9)通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后,可以省去to be:
10)but作介词,后接不定式结构时,前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时,but后的不定式要省去to,否则要带to。
11)当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and,but或or连接时,后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时,则不能省略。
12)不定式做表语时,一般要带to,但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时,符号to可省去。[不定式的特殊句型]
1、不定式的特殊句型so as to
1)表示目的;它的否定式是so as not to do。2)so kind as to —劳驾
2、“Why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议
“为什么不„„?” “干吗不„„?”
3、It’s for sb.和 It’s of sb.1)for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
for 与of 的辨别方法:
用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。
4、不定式的特殊句型too„to„
1)too„to 太„„以至于„„
2)如在too前有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定,too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义,意为“不太”。
3)当too 前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常„等于very。
一为不定式+动词原形;
一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种,即to+ 名词/动名词:
admit to承认,confess to承认,be accustomed to习惯于,be used to习惯于,stick to 坚持,turn to开始,着手于,devote oneself to 献身于,be devoted to 致力于,look forward to 盼望,pay attention to 注意
介词but,except,besides+to do(do)
在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do。[动词不定式与动名词区别与联系]
1)动名词与不定式的区别:
动名词表达的是: 状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的 不定式表达的是: 目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的。
2)接不定式或动名词,意义相同。
3)在下列情况下,一般要用不定式: ①hate,like,love前有would(should)时。
②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时。
③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时。
④advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语或带不定式作宾补。
4)部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。
①forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。如: forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做)stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。
stop doing 停止做某事。
remember doing/to do
remember to do 记得去做某事(未做)remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)regret doing/to do regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。(未做)regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)cease doing/to do cease to do 长时间,甚至永远停做某事。
cease doing 短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做。
try doing/to do
try to do 努力,企图做某事。try doing 试验,试着做某事。
go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。
be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为”怕”;
be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的,意为”生怕,恐怕”。be interested doing/to do
interested to do 对做某事感兴趣,想了解某事。interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣,doing 通常为想法。mean to doing/to do
mean to do 打算、想mean doing 意味着
begin(start)doing/to do
begin / start to do sth
begin / start doing sth.1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时,使用doing。
2)begin, start用进行时时,后面动词用不定式to do。
3)在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时,常用不定式to do。4)物作主语时用to do。
⒉动词不定式的时态,语态
(1)时态
①一般式:动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示同时发生。
②完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
③进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。
(2)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。
在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动.如:There are still many things to take care of(to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.(We have nothing to do now.)There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
⒊动名词的时态,语态
(1)时态
①一般式:动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指,也可与谓语动词同时发生,或发生在谓语动作之前,之后。
②完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
(2)被动语态
①如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者,动名词要用被动语态,动名词的被动语态有一 般式与完成式之分。
②有些动词后的动名词用主动形式,但表示被动意义。
⒋在口语中,为避免重复,常用”to”代替不定式结构,有时甚至可以把to省略。
⒌在why引起的问句中,省略”to”.如:
Why spend such a lot of money Why not wait for a couple of days
⒍当两个或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用时,只在第一个不定式前加”to”。
⒎”to”在下列短语中是”介词”,后接动名词或名词形式。
devote„to, face up to(勇敢地面对),look forward to(盼望),object to(反对),take to(养 成习惯,对„„感兴趣;开始从事某种活动),be used to(习惯于)等。
2.高一英语第二单元知识点巩固练习题 篇二
课文原句:It is said to be the city's largest ever cultural relics repair project.
整个句子的意思是:据说,这是该市所修复的文化遗迹中最大的一个。这个句子是典型的“据说类”句型,结构为“主语 + be said + to do”。这个句型和“It is said + that从句”意思相同,都表示“据说……”。所以,课文中的这个句子也可以改写为:It's said that it is the city's largest ever cultural relics repair project. 当然,类似的表示“据报道/人们相信”等句型也有两种表达方式,即:“主语+ be reported/believed + to do”=“It's reported/believed + that从句”。例如:
An awful accident is reported/believed/said to have happened at the intersection(十字路口).
=It's reported/believed/said that an awful accident has happened at the intersection. 据说十字路口发生了一起重大交通事故。
真题演练:
AIDS is said _____ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. (2006 湖北)
A. that it is B. to be
C. that it has beenD. to have been
解析:本题的考点就在于考查句型:主语 + be said + to do,因此空格处应填动词不定式的形式,可排除A、C选项。B、D选项的差别在于动词不定式的时态不同,根据题意应用动词不定式的一般时态,故正确答案是B。
to do sth. 动词不定式作状语,表目的
课文原句:To make your voice heard, you can write a letter to a newspaper editor.
这句话的意思是:为了让你的意见为人所知,你可以给报纸的编辑写一封信。在这个句子中,动词不定式短语“to make your voice heard”作句子的状语,表目的。动词不定式作状语时,除了表目的,还可以表原因或结果。例如:
I am glad to hear the news. (原因状语) 我很高兴听到这个消息。
I hurried to the railway station, only to find that the train had left. (结果状语) 我匆忙赶到火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。
真题演练:
It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____ a look at the sports stars. (2005上海)
A. had B. having
C. to haveD. have
解析:这道题考查的是动词不定式作状语的情况。整个句子是一个主语从句,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句;主语从句缺表示目的的状语,因此要用动词不定式。整句话的意思是:太让人不敢相信了!这些粉丝在体育馆外面足足等了三个小时就是为了能够看一眼那些体育明星。所以,正确答案是C。
Unit 8would rather do than do 宁愿……而不愿
课文原句:I'd rather watch it than play it.
这句话的意思是:我宁愿看着它也不愿玩它。其中包含一个很重要的短语“would rather do A than do B”,其意思是“宁愿做A而不愿做B”。需要注意:would rather和than后面要接动词原形,跟在would rather后的A是愿意做的事情,而than后面的B是不愿意做的事情。另外还可用“would rather + that从句”,来表示“宁愿做某事”,从句引导词that可省略,但从句的谓语动词要用一般过去式来表虚拟。例如:
I would rather you knew that now. 我宁愿你现在知道那件事情。
真题演练:
To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _____ travel by air. (2004全国)
A. asB. toC. thanD. while
解析:本题考查的就是would rather do than do的句型,因此正确答案很明显就是C。整句话要表达的是:为了欣赏风景,Irene宁愿长时间坐火车也不愿乘飞机。
every + 数词/few/other + 名词,表示“每,每隔”
课文原句:Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.
这句话的意思是:奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次,来自世界各地的运动员都将参加。在这里,every是形容词,与数词或few/other等词连用表示时间或空间的间隔,意为“每隔”,具体用法有:
1) 表示“每隔一……”,有以下几种形式:①Every + 基数词 + 名词复数;②Every + 序数词 + 单数可数名词;③Every+ other + 单数可数名词,例如:
every two years = every second year = every other year每隔一年/每两年
2) 表示“每隔几……”,可用“every + few + 名词复数”这种结构,例如:
every few meters 每隔几米
真题演练:
These plants are watered _____. (2000年全国)
A. each other dayB. every other day
C. each of two daysD. every of two days
解析:本题考查“every + other + 单数可数名词”的用法。题干的意思是“这些植物需要每隔一天浇一次水。”Each和数词连用不能表示“每隔”的含义,而选项中的“every other day”,意思是“每隔一天”,符合题意。所以,正确答案是B。
Unit 9in case of 万一;如果……发生;以防
课文原句:We can call for help in case of an emergency.
这句话的意思是:万一遇到紧急情况,我们可以打电话求援。其中包含一个短语“in case of”,它表示“万一;如果什么发生了;以防”等之意。这个短语中的of是介词,其后要接名词(短语)。例如:
In case of fire, sound the alarm. 万一着火了,就报火警。
I keep an umbrella here in case of rain. 我带着把伞,以防下雨。
注意:“in case”,相当于一个连词,也可表示“假使,万一;免得,以防”之意,后面可以接从句,但从句中要用“should +动词原形”表虚拟。例如:
In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘了,请提醒我一下。
Be quite, in case you should wake the baby. 保持安静,以免吵醒孩子。
真题演练:
He got to the station early, ___________ missing his train. (2004江苏)
A. in case ofB. instead of
C. for fear of D. in search of
解析:这道题的难点在于in case of 和for fear of的辨析。二者都可以表示“万一,以防”的意思,但in case of侧重于强调客观要这样做,不然就会发生后面的事情;而for fear of则强调的是主观上为了防止某种情况的发生,而去做某件事。结合题意“他很早就到了车站”,这是既成事实,肯定不是客观上必须很早到才不会误车,按时到也不会误车的。他之所以早到,是主观上想防止误车情况的发生。所以,正确答案是C。
one of短语的主谓一致问题
课文原句:Wang Mei is one of many Chinese teenagers who live life "on the go" and use cell phones.
这句话的意思是:王梅是众多使用手机过着忙碌生活的青少年中的一员。这个句子包含一个重要的知识点——one of 短语的主谓一致问题。分析句子结构,我们不难发现,该句是一个包含定语从句的复合句。前面的“Wang Mei is one of many Chinese teenagers”是主句,而后面是一个由who引导的定语从句。这个定语从句的先行词是“many Chinese teenagers”,是复数,所以从句中的谓语动词也要是复数形式。
one of...+动词:
A. “one of...”本身是主语,则谓语动词用单数。
B. “one of + 复数名词 + who / that定语从句”,则从句的谓语动词用复数。
C. “the (only/very) one of + 复数名词 + who/that定语从句”,则从句的谓语动词必须用单数。
需要注意的是,在类似的结构中,假如one之前有the或the only修饰,则who引导的定语从句修饰限定的是the (only) one本身,而不再是介词of后面的内容,此时从句的谓语动词要用单数。例如:
Wang Mei is the only one of many students who has been selected for that international exchange program. 王梅是众多学生中惟一被选派参加那个国际交流计划的人。
真题演练:
He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years. (2002上海春)
A. is B. are
C. have beenD. has been
3.高一语文第二单元知识点 篇三
一、重点词语解释
1、今老矣,无能为也己(为:做)
2、吾不能早用子(子:古代对人的尊称)
3、朝济而夕设版焉(济:渡河;版:筑土墙用的夹版)
4、将焉取之(焉:哪里)
5、焉用亡郑以陪邻(焉:何)
6、因人之力而敝之(敝:损害)
二、本文出现的通假字
1、今老矣,无为也已(已:矣)
2、共其乏困(共:供)
3、秦伯说(说:悦)
4、失其所与,不知(知:智)
三、一词多义
1、若:山有小口,仿佛若有光(似乎,好象)
若舍郑以为东道主(如果,假如)
余悲之,且曰:若毒之乎(你)
2、说:及郡下,诣太守,说如此(陈说)
故为之说,以俟夫观人风者得焉(杂说,一种文体)
秦伯说,与郑人盟(通“悦”高兴)
3、辞:辞曰:臣之壮也,犹不如人(推辞)
停数日,辞去(告别)
不辞劳苦(推托)
4、鄙:顾不如蜀鄙之僧哉(边远的地方)
越国以鄙远,君知其难也(把……当作边境)
肉食者鄙,未能远谋(浅陋,见识少,眼光短)
5、微:则名微而众寡(细小轻微)
微闻有鼠作作索索(暗暗地)
见其发矢十中_,但微颔之(稍微,略微)
微夫人之力不及此(如果不是,没有)
6、之:辍耕之垄上(走,往)
子犯请击之(他,代秦师)
是寡人之过也(的)
臣之壮也,犹不如人(助词,不译)
四、词类活用
1、晋军函陵,秦军汜南(军:名作动,驻扎)
2、越国以鄙远(鄙:名作动,把……当作是边邑)
3、既东封郑(东:名作状,向东)
4、夜缒而出(夜:名作状,在夜里)
5、若不阙秦(阙:使动,使……减少,削减,侵损)
6、邻之厚,君之薄也(厚:形作动,增加;薄:形作动,削弱)
五、古今异义词
1、若舍郑以为东道主(东道主:古:东边道路上的主人。今:主人)
2、行李之往来,共其乏困(行李:古:出使的人;今:外出时带的日常用品)
六、特殊句式
1、夫晋,何厌之有(宾语前置)
2、以其无礼于晋(介宾短语后置)
3、晋军函陵(省略句)
4、是寡人之过也(判断句)
七、重点句翻译
1、是寡人之过也
译:这是我的过错啊。
2、越国以鄙远,君知其难矣。
译:越过别的国家而把远地当作边邑,你知道这是很难的。
3、焉用亡郑以陪邻?
译:为什么要灭掉郑国来使邻国增加土地呢?
4、邻之厚,君之薄也。
译:邻国的势力雄厚了,您秦国的势力也就相对削弱了。
5、若舍郑以为东道主,行李之往来,共其乏困,君亦无所害。
译:如果您放弃围攻郑国而把它作为东方道路上(招待过客)的主人,出使的人互相往来,供给他们缺少(的东西),对您也是没有什么损害的。
6、阙秦以利晋,唯君图之。
译:使秦国土地减少而对晋国有利,希望您考虑这件事。
7、微夫人之力不及此。
译:如果没有那个人的力量,我是不会到这个地步的。
8、因人之力而敝之,不仁。
译:依靠别人的力量,又反过来损害他,这是不仁道的。
荆轲刺秦王
一、通假字
(1)秦王必说见臣 说,通“悦”,yuè,高兴。
(2)使工以药淬火 淬,通“粹”,cuì,淬火,烧刃使红,渍于水中。
(3)日以尽矣 以,通“已”,已经。
(4)而燕国见陵之耻除矣 陵,通“凌”,凌辱。
(5)今日往而不反者 反,通“返”。
(6)请辞决矣 决,通“诀”,诀别。
(7)燕王诚振怖大王之威 振,通“震”,震慑。
(8) 故振慑 同上。
(9) 设九宾 宾,通“傧”,傧相 (bīn xiànɡ) ,迎宾赞礼的人。傧,旧读bìn。
(10) 图穷而匕首见 见,通“现”。
(11)荆轲奉樊於期头函 奉,通“捧”。
(12)秦武阳奉地图匣 同上。
(13) 奉之 同上。
(14) 以其所奉药囊提轲 同上。
(15)卒起不意 卒,通“猝”,cù,仓促,突然。
(16) 卒惶急无以击轲 同上。
(17)卒惶急不知所为 同上。
(18) 秦王还柱而走, 还,通“环”,绕。
二、重点文言实词释义 ( 12个 )
(1) 亲 今行而无信,则秦未可亲也 动词,亲近,接近。
(2) 深 秦之遇将军,可谓深矣 形容词,刻毒。
(3) 解 可以解燕国之患 动词,解除,解救。
(4) 教 乃今得闻教 名词,指教,jiào。
(5) 敢 人不敢与忤视 动词,有勇气做,敢于。
(6) 还 壮士一去兮不复还 动词,回来。
(7) 还 秦王还柱而走 动词,通“环”,绕。
(8) 资 持千金之资币物 名词,资财、钱物。
(9) 振 燕王诚振怖大王之威 动词,通“震”,害怕,恐惧。
(10) 图 图穷匕首见 名词,地图。
(11) 室 拔剑,剑长,操其室 名词,剑梢。
(12)诏 非有诏得不上 名词,皇帝下的命令,诏书。
(13)被 秦王复击轲,被八创 动词,遭受。
三、词类活用
(1)进兵北略地 方位名词作状语,向北。
(2)函封之 名词作状语,用匣子。
(3)前为谢曰 方位名词作动词,走上前。
(4)樊於期乃前曰 方位名词活用为动词,走上前。
(5)左右既前 同上。
(6)其人居远 形容词活用作名词,远方。
(7)使使以闻大王 动词使动用法,使……听到。
(8)太子迟之 形容词意动用法,以……为迟。
(9)发尽上指冠 名词作状语,向上。
(10)群臣怪之 形容词意动用法,以……为怪。
(11)箕踞以骂曰 名词作状语,象簸箕一样。
(12)秦兵旦暮渡易水 名词作状语,马上。
(13)乃欲以生劫之 形容词作状语,活着。
四、古今异义词
(1)仰天太息流涕 古义:眼泪。今义:鼻涕。
(2)樊将军以穷困来归丹 古义:走投无路,陷于困境。今义:生活贫困,经济困难。
(3)丹不忍以己之私,而伤长者之意 古义:品德高尚之人,此指樊将军。今义:年长之人。
(4)将军岂有意乎 古义:有心意,此引申为同意、愿意。今义还有“故意”之意。
(5)秦之遇将军,可谓深矣 遇:古义:对待。今义:遇到,碰以。深:古义:刻毒,今义:有深度,与“浅”相对。
(6)于是太子预求天下之利匕首 古义:在这时,今义;表顺承关系或另提一事。
(7)终已不顾 古义:不回头。今义:不照顾,不考虑不顾忌。
(8)左右乃曰 古义:皇帝周围的侍卫人员。今义:表两种方向;或表大体范围;有时亦有控制之义。
(9)今有一言,可以解燕国之患 古义:可以用它来,为“可以之”的省略。今义:表可能、能够、许可。
(10)秦王购之金千斤 金:古代指金属总称,用于流通货币时,先秦指黄金,后来指银,文中指铜。今义:特指黄金。
五、常见文言句式
1、判断句
(1)此臣日夜切齿拊心也
(2)今日往而不反者,竖子也
(3)仆所以留才,待吾客与俱
(4)事所以不成者,乃欲以生劫之……
2、省略句
(1)秦王购之 ( 以 ) 金千斤 ( 省略介词“以” )
(2)取之 ( 以 ) 百金 ( 省略介词“以” )
(3)欲与 ( 之 ) 俱 ( 往 ) ( 省略介词宾语和谓语 )
(4)待吾客与 ( 之 ) 俱 ( 往 ) ( 同上 )
(5)皆 ( 穿 ) 白衣冠以送之 ( 省略谓语 )
(6)其人居远未来,而为 ( 之 ) 留待 ( 省略介词宾语 )
(7)嘉为 ( 之 ) 先言于秦王曰 ( 同上 )
(8)乃 ( 穿 ) 朝服,设九宾 ( 省略谓语 )
(9)见燕使者 ( 于 ) 咸阳宫 ( 省略介词 )
(10使 ( 之 ) 毕使于前 ( 省略兼语 )
(11) 群臣侍 ( 于 ) 殿上者,不得持尺兵 ( 省略介词 )
(12)献 ( 于 ) 秦王 ( 省略介词 )
(13)比 ( 于 ) 诸侯之列 ( 省略介词 )
(14)而 ( 按 ) 秦法…… ( 根据文意省略)
(15)皆陈 ( 于 ) 殿下 ( 省略介词 )
3、被动句
(1)父母宗族,皆为戮没
(2)燕国见陵之耻除矣
4、倒装句
(1)常痛于骨髓 ( 介宾短语后置 )
(2)嘉为先言于秦王 ( 介宾短语后置 )
(3)燕王拜送于庭 ( 介宾短语后置 )
(4)使毕使于前 ( 介宾短语后置 )
(5)太子及宾客知其事者 ( 定语后置 )
(6)群臣侍殿上者 ( 定语后置 )
(7)秦王购之 ( 以 ) 金千斤,邑万家 ( 介宾短语后置,数量词作定语后置 )
5、固定结构
(1)臣乃得有以报太子 ( “有以”,意为:有用来……的办法 )
(2)而卒惶急无以击轲 ( “无以”,意为:没有用来……的办法 )
(3)将奈何 表疑问,怎么……。下文“为之奈何”“既已无可奈何”意同。
(4)荆轲有所待 意为:有……的人 ( 东西 ) 。“所”后常跟动词组成 “所”字结构,作“有”的宾语。
(5)将军岂有意乎 表反问,是否……呢。
(6)荆卿岂无意哉 表反问,难道……吗。
(7)仆所以留者 复音虚词“所以”常引出表原因、手段等的分句,译为:……的原因。
(8)事所以不成者…… 同上。
六、成语典故
(1)切齿拊心:语出本文,又作“切齿腐心”。形容愤恨到极点。
(2)一去不复返: 语出本文。一去之后就不再回来。后亦称人或者已成陈迹。唐崔颢《黄鹤楼》诗:“黄鹤一去不复返,白云千载空悠悠。”
(3)发上指冠:语出《庄子·盗跖》:“盗跖闻之大怒,目如明星,发上指冠。”毛发竖起的样子。形容极度愤怒。本文“士皆目真目,发尽上指冠”暗引此语。亦作怒发冲冠。
(4)图穷匕首见:语出本文。比喻事情发展到了最后,真相或本意显露出来。
(5)无可奈何:语出本文。没有办法,无法可想。表示事已如此,再要挽回已是无能为力。
(6)悲歌击筑:亦作“悲歌易水”。典出本文。常用以抒写悲壮苍凉的气氛。
4.高一英语第二十单元 篇四
年级 高一
文件 high1 unit20.doc
标题 unit20
章节 第二十单元
关键词
内容
1 单词和词组:
ink come out throw away
metal pot form at the same time
include L.77
L.78
L.79 四会
development print printing press method lightly
unknown everyday net fishing net sheet
describe steam L.77
L.78
L.80 三会
carve
bamboo Middle East Spain
George Stephenson engine rocket L.77
L.78
L.80 二会
2 日常交际用语:
复习第十五至十九单元出现过的日常交际用语。
3 语法:
复习第十五至十九单元学过的语法项目。
4语言运用:
运用所学语言,围绕造纸这一题材,完成教科书和练习册中规定的听、说、写的任务;阅读课文“Paper”,确切理解,深刻认识我国古代劳动人民的智慧及纸的发明对世界的影响,并完成有关课文内容的练习。
1. In the beginning they used to carve Chinese Characters on stones to record important dates in history.
起初,为了记载历史上的重要日期人们曾经在石头上铭刻中文字。
in the beginning :起初
①In the beginning, there was no paper nor pen, nor ink. People recorded information by carving.
起初,没有纸、笔、墨水,人们用雕刻的方法记载信息。
②In the beginning of my teaching career, I met many difficulties.
在我刚开始教书的时候,遇到很多问题。
2. But later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks.
但是后果人们利用石头研制出一种印刷的方法。
句中的-ing表示伴随动作。
①It’s very easy to solve such problems, using computers.
用计算机来解决这类问题就很容易了。
②She came back late yesterday, feeling very tired.
她昨晚回来很晚,感觉非常累。
3. How did the printing come out? 印刷的文字是怎样显出来的呢?
come out 印刷,出版。
①How often does the magazine come out?
这种杂志多长时间出一期?
②-“Where do the textbooks come out?”──教科书是哪出版的?
-“From People’s Education Press.”──人民教育出版社。
come across偶然遇到
①I came across my English teacher who taught me ten years ago yesterday.
我昨天遇到了前教我英语的老师。
②I came across this valuable book in an old bookstore.
我在一个旧书店里偶然找到了这本有价值的书。
come about发生
①When did the accident come about?
这次意外什么时候发生的?
②It came about in this way.
它就是这样发生的。
4. That doesn’t sound like modern printing.
那听起来不象现代的印刷术。
sound like听起来象,类似结构还有:look like, smell like …
①It sounds like American country music.
这听起来象美国乡村音乐。
②Everything on the ground looks like tiny toys when you stand at the top of the mountain.
站在山顶往下看,地上的东西都像是小玩具。
5. They carved a whole page of characters back-to-front in the wood.
他们把整页的文字反刻在木片上。
back-to -front “前后倒反”
back-to-back背靠背地 face-to-face面对面地
hand-to-hand一个一个传过去地 heart-to-heart贴心地
①The two girls are standing back-to-back. 两个女孩背靠背地站着。
②The two groups had a face-to-face discussion.
两组进行了面对面的讨论。
6. What was the problem with this method?
这种方法有什么不足吗?
method和way的区别。
①method方法,方式 (way of doing sth )指相当精心拟订的一组方法,并强调实施的效率和精确性。
eg. We are studying a new method of teaching English.
我们正在研究英语教学的新方法。
What’s the best method of cooking beef?
烧牛肉的最好方法是什么?
②way手段,方法 (manner, how to do sth )比method更为通用,可指单一的技巧也可指复杂的操作方法,还可以指一些人处理某一问题所采用的特殊方法。
eg. Do it (in )this way. 照这样做。
There are many ways of doing it.
做这件事有很多方法。
7. After you printed the book, you had to throw away the carved pieces of wood.
书印好之后,刻过的木板就只有扔了。
throw away“扔掉”“抛弃”。
eg.①These old books are valuable. Don’t throw them away.
这些旧书很珍贵,别把它们扔了。
②Let’s throw these old furniture away; we should get new ones.
这些旧家俱该扔了吧;我们该买新的了。
8. What did people use for keeping records in the past.
过去人们用什么作记载呢?
(1)keep a record 作记录 keep a diary 记日记 keep promise 守约 keep rules守规则 keep
a secret保守秘密
eg. ①It’s good for you to keep a diary every day
每天记日记有好处。
②Every one should keep promise.
每个人都该守约。
(2) in the past在过去,以往。反义词是:in the future.
eg. ①People used to light rooms with oil lamps in the past. Now they use electricity.
人们过去用油灯照明,如今都用电了。
②They suffered too much in the past, but now they live a happy life.
以前他们遭受了很大痛苦,现在过着快乐的生活。
9. The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国人造纸已有历史了。
have been doing现在完成时,表示一个动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到说话时还在继续进行,或可能继续下去,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:for two hours, since early morning, these few days等。
eg. ①It has been raining for three days.
雨下了三天了。
②We have been waiting for almost an hour.
我们在这儿等了几乎一个小时了。
10. As a result of this invention, much is known about Chinese history because records were kept on paper. 由于这项发现,很多东西被记载在纸上,中国的历史更多的被世人所了解。
much和much of指不可数名词,作主语时,谓语用单数。
eg. ①Much of the time was wasted.
很多时间被浪费掉了。
②In much of China, spring is usually very short.
中国很多地方,春季通常很短。
11. As there was no paper in these countries, no records were kept.
因为那些国家没有纸,没法做记录。
as的用法
①As he was ill, he didn’t go to school.
因为病了,他没去上学。
②As you are tired, you’d better rest.
因为你累了,最好休息。
③He reads as he goes along.
他边走边看。
④Do as you are told.
按告诉你的去做。
⑤The work is not so easy as you imagine.
这工作绝不像你想的那么简单。
⑥As a League member, I’ll take the lead.
做为一个团员,我应该带头。
⑦As anybody can see, this elephant is like a snake.
任何人都可以看出来,这头象像一条蛇。
12. The problem was that it was to valuable for everyday use.
问题是它太贵了,不宜做日常书写之用。
everyday: adj. 每天的 every day adv. 每天
eg. ①Cooking meals. is her everyday job. 烧菜做饭是她的日常生活。
②everyday English日常英语 everyday life 日常生活
③Her job is cooking meals every day.
她的工作是每天做饭。
13. This kind of paper was soft and light as silk but much less expensive.
这种纸像帛一样轻柔,但便宜得多。
as…as如…一样 as white as snow洁白如雪 as strong as a horse气壮如牛
①I’m sure he is fit for the work. He’s as strong as a horse.
我相信他适合于这个工作,他力大如牛呢!
②Everyone hates him; his death is as light as feather.
每个人都仇恨他,他的死轻如鸿毛。
完形填空
It was a strange noise (1) made the man (2) his car after he left a country village for London. He got out of the car and examined the wheels carefully, but as he found (3) he continued his way.
The noise began again almost immediately and now it was louder than ever. The man turned his head quickly and saw a great black cloud (4) the car. When he stopped at a village (5) , he was told that a queen bee (6) in his car as there were (7) bees nearby. So he drove away (8) and thought it would be the best way to escape. After an hour’s (9) , he arrived in London. He parked his car outside a hotel and went in to have a drink. It was not long (10) a man who had seen him arrive hurried in to tell him that his car (11) with bees. The poor man rang up the police and explained what had happened. The police decided to call a bee-keeper. In a short time, the bee-keeper arrived. He found the (12) passenger (13) near the wheels at the back of the car. Very gladly, the Keeper took the queen and her thousands of followers home in a large box.
(1) A. who B. which C. that D. this
(2) A. to stop B. stop C. stopping D. stopped
(3) A. something wrong B. nothing wrong
C. anything wrong D. wrong nothing
(4) A. follow B. following C. to follow D. followed
(5) A. far B. farthest C. further on D. nearer
(6) A. must be hidden B. could be hidden C. should be hidden D. hidden
(7) A. thousand B. thousands C. thousands of D. thousand of
(8) A. as quick as possible B. as quickly as possibly
C. as quickly as possible D. as quickly as impossible
(9) A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. drove
(10) A. when B. before C. as D. after
(11) A. covering B. covered C. was covered D. to be covered
(12) A. welcome B. unwelcome C. unhappy D. unfair
(13) A. hide B. hidden C. to be hidden D. be hidden
5.四年级英语第二单元练习题 篇五
一、从右栏中找出左栏相应的.答句。写在题前括号内(5分)
()1.Doyoulikecakes?A.Yes,itis.
()2.Whatisthat?B.Thanks.
()3.Hereyouare.C.It’scute.
()4.Lookatmydog.D.No,Idon’t
()5.Isthisamonkey?E.It’satoymonkey.
二、根据情景,完成英文句子。(10分)
1.你喜欢狗吗?不,我不喜欢。
______you________________?No,I_________.
2.那是一只狮子吗?不,不是。它是一只老虎。
Is_______alion?No,_______isn’t.It’sa_____________.
3.我有一些葡萄。你有一些葡萄吗?
Ihave_______grapes.Doyouhave__________grapes?
6.高一英语第二单元知识点巩固练习题 篇六
年级 高一
文件 high1 unit26.doc
标题 Mainly revision
章节 第二十六单元
关键词
内容
一、单元重点:
1.语言要点:
turn down, call back, live, ring off, for free, copy, pound, start doing sth.
non-stop further, come to, realize, persuade, provide, manage, not … but…,
spend money on sth. (in doing sth. ) get through
2.日常交际用语:
①Can you ask him to ring me back?
②Will you give him a message please?
③Tell him to ask for Bob or Paula, OK?
④Does he have your number?
⑤It’ll be the biggest line concert the world has ever seen.
3.复习以前学过的重点语法
二、知识要点:
1. He is ringing up some pop starts, he wants them to play in a concert.
他在给流行歌星打电话,想请他们在音乐会上演出.
和打电话有关的短词:ring up, call up给某人打电话。ring off, hang up挂断电话。
hold on一会儿。ring back, call back回电话。
eg. ①I’ll ring you back in 10 minutes. Now, I’m ringing off.
我十分钟以后再给你回电话,现在先挂了。
②If you can’t come, ring up and let me know.
要是你不能来,打电话告诉我。
play“演奏… (乐器)”,“演出”。
①She plays the violin quite beautifully.
她的小提琴拉得很好。
②He was Playing an old tune on his guitar.他正用吉他弹一首老曲子。
2. … as I need to have a look at my diary and I haven’t got it with me.
我得看一看日记本,可我没把它带在身上。
need to do:需要干某事。
eg. ①I need to ask them for help with my work.
我需要请他们帮助工作。
②We need to invite our professors to the conference.
我们需要邀请教授会来参加会议。
need作情态动词表示需要,常用在否定句中,“不必干某事”。
eg. ①-Must I do it now? 我必须现在做吗?
-No, you needn’t. 不用。
②It’s still early, you needn’t hurry.
还早着呢,你不用急。
3. This time he has more difficulty in getting through.
eg. ①Do you have any difficulty in understanding spoken English?
你听英语口语有困难吗?
②There is some difficulty in getting everyone have in time.
让每个人都按时到这有相当的麻烦。
3. It’ll be the biggest live concert the world has ever seen.
这是全世界所看到的最大型的现场直播音乐会。
live现场直播的;实况直播的。
eg. ①It was a live broadcast, not a recording.
那是现场直播不是录音广播。
②live show现场表演 live TV programmer现场电视节目
4. His greatest success has not been in singing but in organizing other singers to sing for him-
fors-free. 他的最大成功不在于他个人的演唱,而在于组织别的歌手为他演唱,而且
是免费的演唱。
not… but…, 不是…而是…用来连接两个并列的成分,表示意思上的转折。
①He can’t repair a car, but can drive it.
他不会修车,但会开。
②They need not money, but help.
他们需要的不是钱而是帮助。
③Not the students but the teacher thinks so.
不是学生这么想,而是老师这样想。
for free免费地=for nothing / without payment.
①He got the book for free. 他免费得到了这本书。
②You can’t get something for nothing. 不付出就什么也得不到。
③They supply water to people for free. 他们给人们免费提供水。
5. He left school and worked first in a food factory and later as a worked building roads.
他毕业后,先在一家食品厂工作,后来当过筑路工。
leave school毕业,放学回家。
eg. He had to leave school for some reason.
由于某种原因,他退学了。
按动作发生的时间顺序,由first…and later表示:首先…然后…
eg. ①First think, and later you may get the answer.
先考虑一下,再得出答案。
②He told us first about the cause and later about the result of the accident.
他先给我们讲了事故发生的原因,然后讲了事故的后果。
work as作…的工作,是…职业、身份。
①He works as a dentist in the hospital.
他在医院里是牙医。
②First she worked as engineer and then as a government official.
她先是作工程师,然后到政府部门工作。
6. From 1979 to 1982 they were the top group in Britain, but in 1982 the group stopped
playing together.
top adj. 最佳的,一流的
eg. ①Some top students in our school will go to England in this Summer.
我们学校的几个最好的学生今年夏天要去英国。
②top violinist首席小提琴手 top football player最佳足球运动员
stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do停下来做某事
eg. ①I had to stop to talk with him.
我只好停下来去和他说话。
②She stopped walking to have a look.
他停下来看了看。
与此类似的句子还有remember doing sth. 记得做过某事,remember to do sth. 记着去做
某事,forget doing sth.忘了做过某事,forget to do sth.忘了去做某事。
eg. ①I remember telling you about it.
我记得告诉你这件事了。
②When you leave, please remember to turn off the lights.
当你走的时候,记得关灯。
③I forget posting the letter.
我忘了已经把信发了。
④I forgot to lock the door yesterday.
昨天我忘了锁门了。
7. If they managed to sell lots of copies, then the money from the record sales could be spent on
food and other things for Africa.
如果他们设法卖出大量的唱片,那么卖唱片的钱就可以给非洲买食物和其他物品。
manage: 管理、负责,设法完成某事。(Succeed in dealing with something difficult )
eg. ①He has managed to stop smoking. 他终于戒了烟。
②I think I can quite manage it. 我想我能做成。
③I will try to manage the big one.
我要尽力把这个大家伙掌握住。
④They tried to help us out, but none of them managed to.
他们尽力帮我们了,但都没成功。
spend money on sth. / doing花钱做某事
eg. ①How much did you spend on the dictionary?
这本字典你花了多少钱?
②He spent much of his money in organizing the concert.
他花了不少钱组织这场音乐会。
8. He wanted to see for himself what the problems were.
他想亲自去看看那儿的困难情况。
see for oneself: 亲眼看看,自己去看。
eg. ①If you don’t believe me go and see for yourself.
要是你不信我,自己去看吧。
②She said that was true, though she didn’t see it for herself.
她说那是对的,尽管她并没亲眼看到。
9. He soon realized that hunger was only one of the problems in the African countries which he
risited.
realize:认识到,实现
eg. ①I realize that you need help.
我知道你需要帮助。
②He said sorry / to me when he realized his mistake.
他意识到自己的错以后向我道歉了。
10. He started thinking about another project. 他开始考虑另一个计划了。
think about:考虑(consider doing / sth.)
eg. ①I shall like to think about your suggestion before I give you a reply.
我会考虑你的音见,然后给你答复。
②We are thinking about going to America, but we haven’t decided yet.
我们在考虑去美国的事,但还没决定。
11. He persuaded all the world-famous pop stars to come and sing at one of these concerts for
free. 他说服了所有的著明歌星为这场音乐会免费演出。
persuade sb. …sb. be persuaded to do说服某人做某事。
eg. ①We persuaded him.
我们说服他了。
②He was persuaded to try again.
我们劝他再度尝式。
12. He also persuaded other people to provide money or to give help.
他也同样说服其他人提供金钱和帮助。
provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth. 供给,供应
eg. ①He had to provide food and clothes for his family.
他要为全家的衣食操心。(也可以说)
He must provide his family with food and clothes.
13. Bob asked all the airlines to fly the pop stars for free.
鲍勃请求所有的航空公司免费运送这些歌星。
fly:飞行,用飞机运送,放飞。
eg. ①He will fly from London to Paris tomorrow.
他明天从伦敦飞巴黎。
②The fresh food had better be flown to Beijing.
这些新鲜食物最好空运到北京去。
③Spring is the best season to fly kites.
春天是放风筝的最好时节。
14. He told the BBC that he wanted 17 hours of non-stop TV time….
他要求英国广播公司提供17个小时的连续电视节目。
Non-stop中间不停留的。
eg. ①It was a non-stop performance that lastes 3 hours.
这是一场连续三个小时的演出。
②There was a non-stop TV programmer all the night on the eve of Christmas.
圣诞前夜有一场通宵连续播放的电视节目。
15. By the end of the year, the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars, all of
which were sent to Africa.
到年底为止,筹到的全部款项已超过9200万美元,所有这些钱都送到非洲了。
by the end of :到…时为止,要用完成时。
eg. ①By the time he was twelve, he had built a lab for his own.
到12岁的时候,他已建成了自己的实验室。
②By the time you are here, we’ll have started. 等你到这儿的时候,我们已经开始了。
come to 达到(某数量),共计。
eg. ①The total cost of this trip come to yuan. 这次旅费共计2000元。
②The food sent to Africa came to 3000 ton. 送到非洲的食物共计3000吨。
三、阅读练习
(A)
Reter king, 15, Mary King, 13, went to see a doctor. Peter had a bad cold, so the doctor gave him some pills to take. Mary had a bad cough, so the doctor gave her some cough medicine.
These are the words on the bottle of medicine:
Cough Medicine
shake well before use.
Take three time daily after meals.
Dose: adults 2 teaspoonfuls
children 8-14 1 teaspoonful
children 7-4 1/2 teaspoonful
Not suitable for children below the ago of 4.
Store in a cold place.
Use before Oct .
1. Mary should take in a day.
A. 2 teaspoonfuls B. 3 teaspoonfuls C. 4 teaspoonfuls D. 1 teaspoonful
2. Mary or her mother should the medicine left after the tenth month of 2001.
A. throw away B. take two times C. stop to take D. take 3 times more
(B)
Tim managed to stop his car thirty meters beyond Dave’s burning machine. He climbed out. One of the firemen was running up the road, but he was more than a hundred meters away from the burning wreck (残骸). He would never get to Dave in time.
Tim’s racing suit would not burn for about a minute even in the hottest fire. He ran to the burning car. He could see Dave in his seat with his head on the wheel. Tim took a deep breath and stepped into the fire. He took hold of Dave’s arms, pulled him out of the car and put him on the grass. Before the firemen reached him, he had Dave’s helmet (头盔) off, but Dave was no longer breathing.
“We must get him away from here.” The fireman said. “It’s too dangerous.” He tried to push Tim to one side.
“Nobody’s moving him,” Tim said, and shook off the fireman’s hand.
“Nobody’s moving him until a doctor comes.”
1. Tim and Dave most probably went .
A. on the way back home
B. To work
C. Half way in the car race
D. On the way to the spot where a car was burning.
2. Tim stopped his car because .
A. it was on fire
B. there was something wrong with its engine
C. the firemen were nearer to Dave’s car
D. he wanted to give Dave a timely help
3. Tim was able to get to Dave because .
A. he was wearing a special suit against fire.
B. he ran more quickly than the fireman
C. he was not afraid of fire
D. he knew Dave’s car very well.
4. The word “him” underlined in the second paragraph refers to .
A. Dave B. Tim C. the fireman D. another fireman
5. Tim forbade the fireman to get Dave away because .
A. he knew it was no use moving him away
B. he thought it would do harm to Dave
C. he realized Dave was dead
D. he couldn’t believe it was true
7.高一英语第二单元知识点巩固练习题 篇七
年级 高一
文件 high1 unit22.doc
标题 Britain and Ireland
章节 第二十二单元
关键词 内容
三、重点难点分析
1. Where are you from ?
询问国籍时还可以有以下表达方法:
Are you…? (Chinese / English / German)
Are you from…? (China / England / Germany)
“What country are you from ?” ── “I’m from China .”
“What nationality are you ?” ── “I’m of Chinese nationality” / My nationality is Chinese”
2.在课文word study中要求完成表格现将答案显示如下:
Country Adjective People Language
England English the English English
Scotland Scottish the Scots English / Scottish
Ireland Irish the Irish English / Irish
Wales Welsh the Welsh English / Welsh
Germany German German German
France French Frenchmen / Frenchwomen French
Japan Japanese Japanese Japanese
China Chinese Chinese Chinese
The U.S.A American American English
3. The larger of the two islands is Britain , Which lies to the east of Ireland .
其中较大的岛是不列颠,位于爱尔兰的东面。
Lie在句中表示“位于”和不同的介词搭配表示不同的位置关系,例如:
①lie to the east / west . north . south of… 在…之东/ 西、北、南,并不强调是否接壤
Taiwan lie to the east of Fujian . 台湾位于福建的东方。
Cardiff is to the west of London . 卡尔地夫在伦敦的西边。
②lie on……表示强调二者交界
Wales lies on the west of England .
威尔士位于英格兰的西面。
③lie on……还可以表示在……河畔,……沿线
London lies on the River Thames . 伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。
There are several villages on the coast . 海岸沿线有几个小村庄。
Wu han , the capital of Hubei Province , lies on the Changjiang River .
湖北的省会武汉位于长江之畔。
④lie in……表示“在……境内”。
Japan lies (is) to the east of China , it lies (is)
日本在中国以东,也在亚洲东部。(日本属于亚洲范畴,所以用in)
Taiwan lies in the east of China .
台湾在中国的东部。
4.The letters “UK” stand for “the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland” .
字母 “UK”代表The United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
stand for : “代表”、“代替”
①Our flag stands for our country . 我的旗子代表着我们的国家。
②Each star on the flag of the United States stands for a state of the nation .
美国国旗上的每一颗星代表着美国的一个州。
5.The “UK” is made up of four countries . 联合王国是由四部分组成的。
make up of : 由……组成
①A car is made up of different parts . 汽车是由许多不同的部分组成的。
②The audience was made up of very young children .
听众是一群小孩子。
6.Scotland has many lakes and mountains and is famous for its beautiful countryside .
苏格兰有许多湖泊和山脉,并以其乡村美景著称。
be famous for : 以……而闻名,以……著称
①Beijing is famous for its ancient places of interest .
北京以其名胜古迹而著称。
②Egypt is famous for the pyramids .
埃及以金字塔而闻名。
7.There used to be a lot of coal mines in the south , but many of them have been closed , or are about to be closed .
威尔士南部曾经有许多煤矿,但是不少煤矿现在已经关闭了,或濒临关闭。
※There used to be… “过去常有,曾经有过”暗指现在不复存在了。
①There used to be a big supermarket , but it has been moved to another place .
这曾经有一个大超市的,不过现在已经搬到别处去了。
②There used to be some trees in this field , usen’t / didn’t there ?
这块地里以前有许多树,不是吗?
※be about to……即将做某事。
①Be quick ! The plane is about to take off .
快点!飞机就要起飞了。
②It’s too late , the film is about to be finished .
太晚了,电影就要结束了。
8.London lies on the River Thames and has a population of seven million .
伦敦位于泰晤士河畔,人口700万。
population 人口,提问有多少人口用“What”,修饰人口众多用“large”。
①What was the population of Beijing in ?
②China has the largest population in the world . 中国是世界人口最多的国家。
9.Ireland is divided into two countries . 爱尔兰被分成2个国家。
divide “分,分开”。指把整体分成若干份。
①He divided the cake among the children .
他把这个蛋糕分给孩子们。
②Let’s divide our Class into 7 groups .
咱们把我们班分成7个小组。
Separate : v. “隔开”“脱离”,指把原来连在一起或靠近的分割开来,使之有一段距离,常和“from”连用,做不及物动词时为“分手”。
①England and France are separated by 22 miles of open ocean at their closest point .
英国和法国最近的地方也被大海分开了22英里。
②You’d better separate the good ones from the bad ones.
你最好把好、坏分开。
③We have been separated for a long time .
我们分手很久了。
④Separate . adj . 不同的,独立的。
We went our separate way after the party . 聚会结束后我们分手了。(走不同方向的路)
10.Ireland is especially wet .
爱尔兰尤其潮湿。
especially “尤其”强调个别超过其它部分,它后面提到的东西必须是前面叙述事物的一部分。
①I love the country , especially in spring .
我喜欢乡下,尤其是在春天。
②The Great Wall had been rebuilt and repaired many times , especially during the Ming Dynasty .
长城被重建和修缮了许多次,尤其是在明朝。
Specially , “特别地”,指为一特别的目的而专门做的。
①The books are specially written for children .
这些书是专门为孩子们而写的。
②I made this specially for your birthday .
这是我特意为你生日准备的。
11.They lived mainly on potatoes . 他们以土豆为主食。
live on “靠吃……为主”,“靠……(收入)生活”。
①The cows live on grass . 牛以草为食。
②The people in north China live mainly on wheat .
中国华北人以吃小麦为主。
③How could you live on such a small income ?
你怎么能靠这么一点收入生活呢?
12.Around 1850 , a terrible disease hit the potato crop , and potato went bad in the soil .
大约在1850年,土豆作物发生了一场可怕的病害,土豆全都烂在地里了。
go bad “变坏”,go是系动词,表示由一种状态变成另一种,例如go blind(变瞎),go mad(变疯)
go wrong(出毛病)同样的系表构成还有由become和get引导的,如
①The fish went bad , it smells terrible .
②Beethoven went deaf almost completely at the ago of 40 .
贝多芬在40岁的时候几乎丧生了全部听力。
③The situation has become better .
情况变得更好了。
④They are getting stronger and stronger .
他们越来越强壮了。
13.Although many families became separated , people still kept in touch with each other .
虽然许多家庭分散了,但是家人还是保持着联系。
keep in touch with…… 和……保持联系。
①People can keep in touch with each other even-when they do live far away from each other .
当人们住的很远的时候也能彼此保持联系。
②A good teacher should always keep in touch with students .
一个好的教师应该常与学生接触。
14.Altheugh many farmerms in the west continue to lead a simple life .
虽然很多西部的农民仍然过着很简朴的生活。
lead a…life,过着…的生活。
①Mathild led a hard life for the lost necklace .
由于那条丢了的项链,Mathilde过着艰苦的生活。
②Her parents are leading a quiet life in the country side .
她的父母在乡下过着平静的生活。
③We , young people should lead an active life .
我们年轻人应该积极的生活。
15.Most Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people’s lives .
大部分爱尔兰人每星期都去做礼拜,教会在人们生活中起着重要作用。
play a part in… 在…方面起作用,在……中扮演角色。
①Foreign languages study plays an important part in Karl Marx’s life .
外语学习在马克思的一生中起了很重要的作用。
② “Which parts do you play (in the film) ?” “你(在电影中)扮演中哪个角色?”
“──I play the part of king” . “我演国王”。
16.The Irish are very fond of music and poems .
爱尔兰人很喜欢音乐和诗歌。
be fond of… 喜欢,爱好
①She has many faults , but we’re all very fond of her .
虽然她有很多毛病,但我们都很喜欢她。
②Girls are usually fond of watching fashion-shown .
女孩子通常喜欢看时装表演。
一、语言运用:
运用所学语言,完成教科书和练习册中规定的听、说、写的任务,阅读课文“Britain and Ireland”和“Ireland”,了解英国和爱尔兰的地理和历史情况,并完成有关课文内容的练习。
二、日常交际用语:
1.Are you from…?
Where are you from ?
What are you ?
I’m (form)…
2. Expressions for location(方位表达)
例如:①London is in the southeast of England .
②Wales lies to / on the west of England .
③London lies on the River Thames .
④North of England lies in Scotland .
三、阅读理解
England and France are separated by 22 miles of open ocean at their closest point . People of all ages and different jobs had tried to swim across the English Channel . Each swimmer decides to have this great try for different reasons , but each has the same aim-to conquer(征服)the channel .
The English Channel was first crossed in 1875 by Matthew Webb , an Englishman , who swam from Dover , England , to Calas , France . Since then , over 3,700 people have had about 4,500 tries on the channel . Only 297 people (199men and 98 women) , however , have successfully gained(得到)Webb’s remark-able(非凡的)achievement(成就)。
1.The English Channel is .
A. a river from Dover to Calas . B. a canal(运河)between England and France
C. a sea between Britain and France D. a strait between Britain and France
2.The Channel is about 22 miles .
A. long B. wide C. deep D. shallow(浅)
3.Of the following statements , which is true according to the passage above ?
A. More men have succeeded(成功)in crossing the Channel than women .
B. All swimmers have their tries on the Channel for special prizes .
C. The Channel was first conquered over two centuries ago .
D. No one failed in his try on the Channel .
4.According to the passage , how many people have crossed the Channel up to now ? .
A. 4,500 B. 3,700 C. 298 D. 297
5.The best title for this passage may be“ ”.
A. How to Cross the English Channel B. The Importance of Swimming
C. Conquering the English Channel D. The English Channel
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