托福独立写作有哪些好方法

2024-07-16

托福独立写作有哪些好方法（共10篇）

1.托福独立写作有哪些好方法篇一

官方网站：

托福写作的论证方法有哪些？

托福写作的论证方法有哪些?写作是需要考生提出观点的，如果考生写作内容，看着文章很普通，考官很难给托福考生高分，所以和小编一起来看看这些论证方法吧。

第一、因果法

我们可以用一句话对主题句进行因果的阐述。如同样是刚才那句主题句，我们可以再附上一句话对它进行原因的阐述，如因为现代人的压力很大，来自于各方面的压力都很大，比如工作，学习的，竞争也很激烈，所以通过终身学习能够给我们增加竞争力的砝码，让我们处于一个有利的低位。常用的引导原因状语从句的单词有because，since，as 等等。Since modern people shoulder all kinds of knowledge , includingworking pressure and studying pressure，people who enjoy life-long practice could increasetheir competitiveness in the job market.第二、作比较

我们可以设置两种截然相反的情况，对它们带来的结果进行比较。比如我们可以说如果我们进行终审教育，那么我们可以怎么样，相反如果我们不这么做，会带来哪些不良的后果。两句话之间可以用conversely来进行连接。

第三、列数字和引文献可以放在一起使用

比如我们可以自己编一个权威机构，如央视的英文频道cctv news.我们可以编一个数据，根据央视新闻频道发布的一项数据表明，百分之七十的人赞成终身教育。According todata released by CCTV news channel，there are 70 percent people in favor of

life-longeducation.常用的权威机构大家可以有自己的喜好倾向，如维基百科，discovery channel 甚至大家用一些知名高校也是可以的。常用句型有如下可供选择，如：

According to a recent survey

The latest surveys show that

An investigation shows that

A survey was carried out on , the results of which were surprising.According to an investigation,A recent survey revealed that ,第四、名人名言法

相关，比如可以用老子。官方网站：名人名言法就是列举一个名人，然后自己编一个名人名言，说是这个人说的，当然一定要和文章主题

2.托福写作要点有哪些篇二

就是你怎么样把这个词用对，写出来一句话你要让阅卷者完成阅读并且完成理解如果你用一个说法以前没有人用过，这个时候他看了也不知道是什么意思，如果我们第二语言学英语的时候，就像英语是第一母语学汉语的时候犯的错误是一样的。

2.Cohesive&Coherent

主要是在语言论述和阐述过程中的问题，托福的作文写的是议论文，不是小说也不是散文，所以在这个过程当中如何让文章结构变得严谨，这是重要的过程，你怎么样让它实现完整的论文结构，所以老师会告诉大家怎么样实现。另外在描述的过程中需要保持语言的连贯，第一个是逻辑的连贯性，逻辑是不是一致的，有没有出现冲突。第二是语意上的连贯。

3.Variety of Language Use

3.托福综合写作高分句式有哪些篇三

The lecture apparently disproves what is argued in the reading material. According to the passage … However the professor asserts that a closer scrutiny of this argument would reveal how flimsy it is. He then presents several evidences to demonstrate his statement.

内容第一段

To start with, the professor claims that the reading passage fails to take into account that…

Therefore, the assertion of the author seems too absolute since other possibilities could not be eliminated by any current evidence.

内容第二段

Furthermore, the passage assumes that…. The professor, however, suggests that this assumption may not be merited by the evidence. Say, ….. The contradiction is obvious here when … . On the basis of this point the lecture explicitly refutes the passage.

内容第三段

Last but not the least, the passage may be right about …., but one critical fact is being left out of consideration. Pointed out by the professor, the author totally neglects the truth that… On account of above-mentioned grave mistakes, the author’s assertion turned out to be a preposterous idea.

结尾段

In conclusion, based on the arguments offered above, the professor clearly identifies the defects in the reading passage and forcefully shows that…

其它说明细节

文中至少有一个举例形式，如果实在用不到上面句型，可以用转述凑字数：In other words, that is to say, …

其他有用句型

The reading assumes that…, a situation that seems to be at odds with … 与…是矛盾的

托福写作语料库积累：父母是否应该鼓励孩子兼职

One of the best ways for parents to help their teenage children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to take the part-time job. 父母帮助青少年为成人生活做好准备的最好方式之一是鼓励他们做兼职，是否认同? (2009年10月24日)

托福写作立场鼓励成长中的年轻人从事兼职工作是帮助学生为成人生活做好准备的有效方式之一。

托福写作思路拓展

学生做兼职的好处：

1. 鼓励年轻人做兼职，在教育方面，最直接的利好就是年轻人体味经济独立的成就感，同时，懂得赚钱很辛苦，懂得谋生的的坚辛。

2. 做兼职的经历可以帮助年轻人扩大交友圈。例如，叔叔保罗在大学期间做了很多份兼职，这帮助他建立了良好的人脉资源，工作中结实的好友为他后来克服事业中遇到的障碍提供了帮助。

3. 年轻人做兼职可以加深他们对于社会的洞察，提高他们的社会意识，使他们明确人生奋斗的目标，当他们回归校园的时候，他们会加倍努力学习。以我为例，我在暑假的时候曾经为旅行社做兼职导游，工作中的辛苦使我懂得只有精进专业才华才能为未来的竞争增加砝码，因此，在我回到课堂的时候，我更加勤奋学习。

学生做兼职的弊端：(让步段)

1. 兼职工作可能占用宝贵的时间，这些时间可以用来学习或者健身。

2. 年轻人不成熟，没有经验，不能抵御成人世界的诱惑，因此，他们可能被引入迷途。

3. 就学生的能力而言，学生们很难满足相关企业的要求，因此，难以找到合适的工作。

点评：一边倒支持写法可以不让步;让步反驳写法可用到上述思路。

尾段：年轻人应该被鼓励去做兼职，但是，要在工作和学习之间寻求一种平衡，同时，年轻人应该增强自我保护意识。

托福写作语料库

基础写作语料库：

1. take up part-time jobs = engage in part-time jobs = embark on part-time jobs = work as a part-timer v 从事兼职

2. ready oneself for future career challenges yet not come v 为没有到来的未来挑战做好准备

解析：ready v 做好准备

3. get to know the hardship of earning a living v懂得谋生的艰辛

4. to be economically independent v经济独立

5. to make some pocket money v 赚零花钱

6. serves a valuable educational function v 在教育方面有积极的作用

7. can easily lose enthusiasm for their studies v 失去学习的兴趣

8. have deeper insight into the society v对于社会有更加深刻的洞察

9. know what they desire to achieve in life v 懂得生活的目标

10. lighten the financial burden of the family v缓解家庭的财政负担

解析：reduce = lighten v缓解

11. strengthen the awareness of self-protection v 增强自我保护意识

12. Teenagers can acquire the growth experience by having light and paid part-time work 通过做简单的付费的工作，青少年可以获得成长的经验。

托福写作语料库

1. The most important educational benefit of encouraging students to work as part-t timer is that it could enable the young to recognize that money doesn’t grow on trees and thus foster their thriftiness. 鼓励学生做兼职的最重要的教育方面的利好在于这使年轻人懂得赚钱很辛苦，进而培养节俭的美德。

解析：money doesn’t grow on trees v赚钱辛苦

2. The experience of working as part-timers could help the youngsters to enlarge their circle of friends. 兼职的经历可以帮助年轻人扩大交友圈。

解析：enlarge one’s circle of friends v扩大交友圈

3. My uncle had established well-connected interpersonal network via taking up part-time jobs, therefore，he had many friends to help him tear down the barriers on the career road. 叔叔通过兼职，建立了良好的人脉资源，因此，很多朋友帮助叔叔克服事业中遇到的困难。

4. Taking up some part-time jobs helped me foster the sense of independence and learn to resolve unexpected crisis. They are important for my future life. 兼职培养了我的独立性，使我学会危机处理，这些对于我的未来很重要。

5. I mastered more interpersonal skills, improved the social awareness and made a lot of new friends. 我更多地掌握了人际沟通技巧，提高了社会意识，也结交了很多好友。

6. After I have returned to my class，I studied even harder. 在我回到课堂以后，我更加勤奋学习。

7. Part-time job experience might take up too much precious time, which can otherwise be used to serve the academic purpose or build up one’s physique. 兼职的经历也许占用了宝贵的时间，这些时间可以用来学习或者健身。

8. The study will be delayed and disadvantaged. As for students, the priority should be given to the knowledge acquisition. 学业会被耽误, 对于学生而言，主要的任务还是学习。

解析：disadvantage v 使处于不利地位

点评：反对除了学习以外的一切活动。

9. So immature and inexperienced are the youngsters that they cannot resist the temptation of the adult world, in this sense, it is highly possible for them to be led astray. 年轻人不成熟，没有经验，不能抵御成人世界的诱惑，因此，他们可能被引入迷途。

解析：so …… that …… 如此 …… 以至于 ……

10. As far as the student’ competence is concerned, it is extremely challenging for them to meet the requirement of the relevant enterprises 就学生的能力而言，学生们很难满足相关企业的要求。

11. As for those who are in the formative years，it is unwise to deny the merits of embarking on occasional jobs, however，this growth should be acquired during the summer or winner vacations. 对于成长中的年轻人而言，否定做兼职的利好是不明智的，但是学生们可以在在寒暑假获得这种成长的经历。

12. It is preferable to strike a proper balance between academic study and part-time jobs. 在学习和兼职工作之间寻求一种平衡是可取的。

托福写作语料库积累：优先工作和平行工作

Some people think that it is better to finish a project completely and then do another project than do two or more projects at the same time，do you agree or disagree? 有人认为优先完成一项任务要比同时完成两项或者多项任务要好，是否认同?

托福写作立场：优先工作优越于平行工作

解析：A is superior B ……优越于……

托福写作思路拓展

优先工作的好处：

1. 人的精力和时间是有限的，无论学习和工作，我们追求应该是勤奋高效。广泛涉猎，难免蜻蜓点水，集中优势的精力，完成一项手边的任务，才能提高工作的效率，增加内心的成就感。例如，很多创业企业家的事业都是靠着点滴积累，将企业发展的宏观战略分解成为一个个小的目标，慢慢实现了企业的持续发展和盈利。

2. 当完美地完成一项工作的时候，心灵的成就感同时可以增强做接下来的工作的信心，这种信心会帮助形一种在工作方面良性的循环，进而激发一个人做其他事情的热情。对比的是，如果两项或者多项的工作一起来做的，难免会降低效率，或互相影响，尤其是两项工作没有必然的相互的联系的时候。例如，我在复习托福考试的过程中，我的感受是单项学习要比多项学习的效果更佳。

平行工作的好处：用于让步段

有时候，在特殊的情况特殊(比如时效性)，很难去集中精力做一项工作，两项或者多项工作必须同时进行，这才可以保障工作计划的按时的完成，这时候，两个项目一起做不是没有道理。例如，作为讲师，有时候，在一天内我必须同时完成教学备课和原创范文写作两项工作。但是，我想反驳的是，大多数情况下，人们还是应该集中精力完成一项工作，再继续接下来的工作。

托福写作语料库

1. What we should pursue is industriousness and efficiency 我们应该追求的是勤奋和高效。

拓展：industrious = diligent = hard-working adj 勤奋的

解析：pursue v追求(抽象名词)

2. with macro and strategic foresight 具有宏观和战略眼光

拓展：foresight = vision n眼光

3. find it hard to do sth v 发现做……是很难的事情

4. it is no easy task to do sth 做……绝非容易的事情

解析：task n 任务(强调艰巨性)

5. doing sth is never without its reasons 做……并非没有理由

解析：is never without= have v拥有

6. concentrate on one single task v集中精力完成一项工作任务

7. zero in on one thing v专注于一件事情

8. complete a task at one time = finish a task at one time= fulfill a task at one time v一次完成一项工作

解析：at one time 一次

9. …… can greatly enhance the efficiency of working …… 可以提高工作的效率

10. only apply oneself to one task v仅仅专注于一项工作

11. instill confidence into one’s heart = indoctrinate confidence into one’s heat = boost one’s self-confidence v帮助一个人树立自信

解析：indoctrinate v灌输……

12. kindle one’s interest of doing sth v激发某人做……的兴趣

拓展：kindle = ignite = generate v点燃(激发)

13. stimulate one’s motivation of doing sth v激发某人做……的动力

14. form a kind of benign cycle v形成一种良性的循环

15. in most cases 多数情况下

16. under some special circumstances 在一些特殊情况下

17. proceed to undertake the next task v继续做下一个工作

18. strengthen one’s inner sense of fulfillment v增强内心的职业成功感

拓展：strengthen = enhance = intensify v增强

19. it is a must to do sth 做……是必须的事情

解析：must n 必须要做的事情

20. at times = sometimes adv 有时候

解析：at times 有时候为个性表达，词汇亮点

★ 托福写作高分词汇

★ 托福写作怎么拿高分

★ 托福写作高分满分点评

★ 托福听力高频句式

★ 托福独立写作3种常见论证体系结构

★ 托福写作冲刺高分作文赏析

★ 托福独立写作高分逻辑词汇

★ 托福高分范文大全好么

★ GRE写作高频话题句式精选

4.托福独立写作有哪些好方法篇四

托福写作提分点一写作思路

至少两条合适的理由，判断理由是否合适。理由是否是在同一个观点内。

托福写作提分点二写作结构

多段式，每一个重要理由单独成为一段，正规书面文体，要求每段开头空四个空格。

托福写作提分点三写作细节

各段落写作中一般要求在各段主题句之后看到一些支持说明该段主题的细节， (细节可以为：a.具体事例，自己的他人的都行;b.假想例子，一般使用 imagine, suppose, it is reasonable to expect... 开头。 c. 正反对比的论述。d.使用类比、比喻等修辞手段。)各个段落可以根据不同使用情况来确定使用哪种细节来支持，最好各段采用的细节是不同模式的。

托福写作提分点四提升语言

用词上把握住：proper words in proper position 如果出现用词错误，比如该用brains 用了head，产生歧义的必须杜绝，各段的主题句中不能有语意模糊、逻辑混乱现象。修辞几乎是必须的：用了就比没用有本质差别，用得好有加分。

托福写作提分点五句式多样化

绝对不能从头到尾都是简单句，注意文章中使用到各种复合句式，以下几种建议必有：同位语、定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句。并注意使用双重否定句。

托福写作解析：托福写作词汇使用技巧

托福写作词汇技巧一：选词时要符合语言习惯

并与社会文化诸多背景一致。由于东西方社会历史文化的差异，许多词所引申或代表的内容也大相径庭。如果没有广泛的阅读积累，养成经常查字典的良好习惯，单凭想当然地选词，势必会词不达意。

托福写作词汇技巧二：在英语写作中特别要注意区分同义词

选词时要考虑主题、对象及情景。由于历史的原因，现代英语除本族语外，还包括大量的法语和拉丁来源的词，这就使英语的同义词相当丰富。

托福写作词汇技巧三：措词选择应把握好

英语和汉语词汇无法对应的部分，不是所有的英语词汇都有相应的汉语表达，一些不同的英语词汇也有可能用同样的汉语来表达，这就使我们在用英语来表达思想上面临更多选择上的困难。

因此，要确定我们所选的词是否准确、恰当，单凭查词典还不行。大家在进行托福写作词汇练习时，还需要着重基础词汇的积累，一味攻读高分词汇，有可能会陷入盲目罗列、错误套用的怪圈当中，很可能会得不偿失

托福写作解析：3类实用托福写作高分句型

1、熟知但是却不爱用的there be句型

说熟知是绝大部分同学或多或少写过，说不爱用，就得提提老给考生使绊的“Chinglish思维方式”。Therebe的句型在写作中极容易犯错，比如：明天将会有很多重大新闻。有的考生想都不想地就写成：Tomorrow will have many significant news. 这样的句子就属于较严重的语法错误，tomorrow能发出have这个动作吗?肯定是不能的，所以主语并不是tomorrow。这里很明显没有可以发出“有“这个动作的主语，所以正确答案应该是：There will be many significant news tomorrow. tomorrow 是典型的时间状语，所以以后在there be的写作中要注意可能出现的状语和主语的混淆错误。

2、动名词做主语

动词一般不可以在句首做主语，但是如果把动词加上ing，它就会变成“动名词“，那么这个主语就“名正言顺”了。语法书中定义：“动名词，即是兼有名词和动词特征的非限定性动词，可以做主语、定语、表语和宾语等。”

所以上面的二个句子这样表达最合适：

(1). 读书是一门艺术：Reading is an art.

(2). 贩卖毒品是犯法的：Selling drugs is illegal.

可以发现，动名词做主语的句子所包含的意思真的不是针对哪一个或哪一类人，暗指的对象应该是整个大众，所以，使用动名词开头的句型不仅是在说理，而且还更加客观、科学，是书面语的标志。

3、代词做主语

这种句型还是适用在找不到主语的情况下，但是情况要显得更加复杂一些。例如：“现在对于很多老师来说处理学生的在校不恰当行为并不是那么容易。”

5.托福独立写作有哪些好方法篇五

1)读书需要太长时间

2)电影技术进步，也可以很好的欣赏故事

3)因为不了解故事情节，电影可以带来惊喜

看电影前先读书：

1)更好的理解电影的内容

2)观众可以更批判性的看电影

10月28日托福独立写作题目：

Many filmmakers make movies based on books. some people prefer to read the book before they watch the movie, while other people prefer to watch the movie before they read the book. which one do you prefer?

与今年03月04日的题目一样

范文：

Since the invention of movies about one century ago, general publics have shown extraordinary passion and enthusiasm on this way of entertainment. It is very common to find a cinema crowded with audiences coming to watch the newly launched movie starring their idols or telling a story written by a famous author. In my mind, if possible, it is more meaningful for people to read the book on which the movie is produced before going to the theater.

Admittedly, without reading the book in advance, audiences still can fully enjoy the movies. For modern citizens, time is a commonly mentioned excuse: they are too busy to spare enough time to read. As study and work has occupied most of their time, they feel even not enough time to have a rest. Also, thanks to the improvement of movie making techniques and directors’ skills, audiences usually regard watching movies as a better way to enjoy a story. For example, the movie of The Great Gatsby lasts about two hours, starring Leonardo and boasting fantastic party scenes. But, it costs people months to finish reading the book.

However, for great works of famous authors, it is definitely worthy for people to read books before watching movies. To begin with, the reading of the original story enables us to have better understanding of the movie and to assess the movie more objectively. By reading books beforehand, audiences have more information on backgrounds of events and personalities of characters. This allows people to judge whether the director and actors are successful in telling the story. Even, some authors’works are by nature very challenging for directors to film. With huge efforts, the movie is still obscure and abstruse. Without reading the book, it is unfair for audiences disappointed by the movie to criticize the author. Take Here the Wind Sing written by Haruki Murakami as an example. If audiences haven’t read the book before, they can hardly understand those behaviors of Japanese young adults and be bored by insipid trivial matters in the movie.

Secondly, the reading of the book in advance allows audiences to be more critical while watching the movie. It is unavoidable that people may have divergent interpretation of the book. Bearing in mind the story, we are able to examine whether the movie will strike a chord in our heart or enlighten us with different revelation. Especially for die-hard fans, to watch a movie based on a book of their beloved author is just like to have a discussion with the director and actors on the contents or even details. Take the movie Into the White Night based on the book of Higashino Keigo as an example. The author is very successful in depicting criminals’ mental activities and creating conflicts, while the movie emphasizes much on cruel criminal activities to catch eyeballs. By reading the original story, we even can assess whether the actor and actress is successful in shaping characters.

To sum up, although watching movies without reading original books saves people much time, it is actually much more enjoyable to read in advance.

6.托福独立写作有哪些好方法篇六

范文：

In the face of fierce competition from international students and decline of local students’ interests in academic study, the government needs an effective plan to improve education quality of high schools. Undoubtedly, for any plan to take effect, the first step is to train teachers who are directly responsible for students’ study. In my mind, between options of training a few at first or training all of them online at the same time, the latter one must be a better strategy.

In consideration to efficiency, training all teaching staff online can help the government improve overall education quality in short time. Teachers usually have different schedules, so it must be difficult to have them together frequently in a seminar. Possibly, the compulsory training will arouse complaints. However, thanks to the wide coverage of Internet, teachers can easily access training materials at any place and any time individually and flexibly. Moreover, as high school teachers, they must possess the consciousness and capability of studying on their own. Therefore, with all teachers starting to study at the first time, the process can be greatly simplified. On the contrary, it costs twice as much as time to train a few elite teachers who then convey what they obtain to peers back to school.

In consideration to effectiveness, training all teachers online together will generate an atmosphere of positive competition and cooperation. It is more encouraging that all teachers begin at the same starting point. There can be a private account for each participant that records his or her studying progress and ranks among peers. In addition, trainees of all schools can freely share their thoughts and get inspiration from each other on the giant cyber environment. Under peer pressure, teachers will become more involved and active. However, another proposal of selecting a few good teachers getting training will run into troubles at the initial stage. The problem lies in how to select the “good teachers”. It is difficult to set a convincing standard that is agreeable and acceptable to all. A foreseeable outcome might be the emerging of bias between those selected and unselected.

To sum up, the wise choice of the government to improve education must be providing online training to all teachers together.

The government wants to improve the education of high school, and there are two plans:

1 Choose a group of good teachers and train them first, and after that let them go back to their schools and train other teachers.

2 Provide training for every teacher online, with providing online materials and let them study individually.

这一天的独立写作重复7月10日的考题

1 the characters of online training

1) convenient and flexible

2) huge database of training materials

3) free discussion platform for all

2 teachers

1) busy schedule

2) strong study ability

3) competition

4) standard of good teachers

作者:Cindy

7.写作方法有哪些篇七

写作方法是属于艺术表现方法，写小说的时候，有那些写作方法，一起看看，一起学习哦!

1玄幻类

这是起点作品中数量最多的一个类别，也是最杂烩的一个类别，大部分作品都能冠上“玄幻”的名头，甚至在某些时候，说作品是玄幻类型，等于什么都没说，因为是本书就是玄幻。

这么庞大的作品量，意味着玄幻类作品有着最大的读者群体，同时也是最容易老套，最容易淹没在书海中的，对新人来说，这是一种比较容易上手的类别，但要想出头，就得多动动脑子，在俗套的大方向上，走出自己的新意来，也就是上文提到的第二种模式，旧瓶装新酒。

玄幻是个大类别，但对新人来说，若是选择了玄幻类型，那么走小巧路线比较合适，小异能，小人物，小故事，小打小闹，略显新意，这样的作品不见得能够大红大紫，但最容易出头，很适合新人迈出第一步。

事实上，这样的作品甚至可以量产。

因为玄幻类别与都市异能有很大的相似之处，详细的构思方法，可以参考下文中对都市异能的叙述。

2奇幻类

这是一个传统的类别，在几年前，奇幻甚至是数一数二的大类，相当于现在玄幻的地位，当时是本书就是奇幻的模式，都是剑与魔法的世界，书里都有精灵、矮人、巨龙……而现在，奇幻类型已经渐渐衰落，虽然仍有一定数量的作品出现，但它们往往是叫好不叫座的类型，能在商业性上有良好表现的奇幻作品越来越少，它的地位已经完全被玄幻类型取代。

对于新人来说，这个类型可以一试，但并不太适合，因为相对于东方玄幻，西式奇幻的读者数量和接受度都远远要低，写这类作品，很有点吃力不讨好的味道。

如果你对奇幻特别有偏好，对这类作品也看得最多，一定要写这个类型的话，我认为也是可以的，但要注意几点。

第一，你得做好仆街准备，要有足够的心理准备，预计作品将惨淡收场。

第二，你得明确，你写的是伪奇幻，而不是正宗的正统奇幻。

奇幻类作品在西方有着很大的市场，但这并不等于它在东方也同样行得通，因为东西方文化背景上的差异，读者熟悉的社会构成、熟悉的知识和礼仪体系、熟悉的语言风格、甚至是熟悉的人名体系，都有着很大的不同，如果完全按照西方人的模式来写作，那么不仅小说背景比较难以让读者接受，小说的语言也会造成不小的阅读障碍，如果有人说，他写的奇幻毫无障碍地被读者接受了，那么显然，他写的东西并不正宗，而如果真是正宗的原味，那么必然会对人气有一定的影响。

所以，如果你还想着要作品卖座的话，就不要死盯着正统的奇幻体系，不要将作品死死地限制在什么dnd规则，或是别的什么规则之内，你可以阅读一下当红的、订阅最高的一些奇幻作品，看看它们的背景设定是什么样的，然后就采用类似的设定进行写作，因为，至少这些作品已经走红了，这些设定已经深入人心，已经有了广泛的群众基础，沿着前人的足迹前进，显然会更为轻松。

第三，尽量以个人英雄主义为主，围绕主角展开故事，按照传统的yy模式，突出主角的能力和作用，不要一心想着要写大场面，不要一心想着写出史诗般的作品，那样纯粹是找仆而已。

第四，可以考虑加入穿越等元素，比如把主角设定成穿越到奇幻世界的东方人，他可以是现代学生，也可以是古代侠客，或者是东方仙人，总之，他要有个东方人的身份背景，有东方人的生活习惯和思维模式。

这一条，并不是必须的，但如果在原有的作品基础上，加上这一元素，会使作品人气得到极大的提升。

事实上，进行这样的改变，并不会怎么影响原有的故事结构，仅仅需要在开头加上一小段穿越的描写或说明，并且在后文不时穿插一些小细节，显示主角的东方气息，就足够了。

3武侠类

很显然，这个类型并不适合新人来写，新人想靠武侠成名，实在是太难太难了，毕竟，传统武侠作品的整体衰落，已成定局。

许多写手心中都有着一个武侠梦，但当他们真正圆了这个梦时，却大多觉得失望，哀叹武侠没落，作品仆街。

这，到底是作者的原因，还是读者的问题，抑或是时代的变革?

我并不认为现在的作者比原先的那批要差，也不觉得现在的作品大不如前，但传统武侠类作品人气的低迷，的确是不争的事实。

前两年，情况还稍微好些，但到现在，武侠几乎成了仆街的代名词了，至于为什么乏人问津，因素有许多，我个人觉得，最根本的原因，在于时代发展导致的读者阅读需求变化。

几年前，幻想类作品无论是数量还是种类，都远少于现在，在缺乏比较、没有选择的情况下，武侠小说很好地圆了读者心中的英雄之梦，自然就受到广泛的关注和欢迎。

但到了现在，各种各样诡异玄奇的玄幻、奇幻、仙侠、游戏等类别的作品一批又一批的涌现，和它们相比，传统的武侠小说不免显得有些套路化，那些正邪分明的主角、为国为民的大志、一成不变的江湖，看多了，自然也就腻了。

而且，在仙侠异能类小说兴起之后，读者渐渐习惯于主角能够毁天灭地，至少也有移山倒海的能力。

相比之下，武侠小说中的铁掌碎石、上房上树，就显得小儿科了，虽说书中人物的实力都是相对的，但读者难免会有不够劲的感觉，会觉得主角也不过如此。

武侠小说的疲软，更重要的一个原因，是读者关于代入感的需求更强了，这也是上文提到过的因素。

这些年读者口味的变化颇大，尤其是近两年网络阅读高速发展以后，流行趋势发展更快，现在的网络读者，需要的是代入感更强、主角发展更顺、情节更离奇的故事。

这个代入感，是之后一切的基础，如果作品在这点上欠缺，那么之后的情节再精彩，也很难得到读者的共鸣。

正因为如此，脱离读者熟悉的现代社会而存在的传统武侠、正统奇幻，绝大多数都被读者所冷落，而被大众熟悉的以都市生活为背景的玄异小说，正在渐渐兴起。

可以说，在现在的这个环境下，传统武侠有着先天的劣势，但若说武侠就此没落了，也并不正确，因为武侠正悄悄地进行着自身的进化，传统和潮流正在日趋一日地紧密结合。

新一代作者们通过一些巧妙的转换，扭转了武侠的先天劣势，甚至将它们转化为优势。

从最重要的代入感来说，武侠小说因为描写的是读者不熟悉的环境，刻画的是与现代人完全脱节的古人，所以得到共鸣是比较困难的。

但这个问题，其实也容易解决，这主要体现在三个方向上。

第一种，是把武侠的背景换到现代社会，以当代都市，或者与现代很类似的未来科幻世界为背景，把各种各样的武功、武林门派搬到现代来，把武林故事结合现代都市生活来写，加入校园、商业、爱情等元素，这样就比较容易被读者接受。

第二种，则是反过来，仍以古代为背景，但把主角换成现代人。

主角可以穿越时空回到过去，或者转世重生成为古代人，或者移魂附体到古人身上，而在之后的故事里，不时体现一下主角的现代人思想，再结合当时的武功世界，这样的书也是比较受欢迎的，尽管它描述的还是同样的武侠世界，体现的仍是同样的侠义精神。

而另一种，是结合网络游戏，把武林搬到游戏中，给武功硬加上等级设定。

这样，基本上还是武侠小说，但给它披上网络游戏的外衣，文中也不时显示一些游戏的特点，并且偶尔与游戏外的现实世界结合。

这样的书，目前读者的反馈也是不错的。

以上三点，本质其实是一样的，读者需要离奇的故事，但这样的故事，最好在他们熟悉的世界中，在他们熟悉的人物上，最好是和他们各方面类似的主角身上体现。

这样，才能最大程度地引起共鸣。

也许有人会说，这样的武侠，已经不能再被称为武侠了，但其实武侠小说本身也没有一个严格的定义，我个人倾向于将这些作品依旧归于武侠类。

事实上，从唐代的传奇小说开始，到解放前的旧派武侠，再到之后的新派武侠，武侠小说一直都在进行着改变。

自始至今，武侠小说都秉承着一个重要的原则，那就是适应潮流，迎合读者。

从根本来说，它就是为了娱乐读者而存在的。

武侠小说并不是教科书，娱乐性才是第一位的，而它所娱乐的，自然也是作品创作的那个时期的读者。

8.托福独立写作有哪些好方法篇八

父母监督：

不给学生作弊的机会

严厉惩罚：

警告学生作弊的危险，例如留级，重修课程

难以作弊的作业：

学生无法作弊，只能认真完成

A lot of high school students now cheat in homework assignments, by asking other students for answers. Which of the following do you think is the most efficient way to stop?

-asking parents to help stop the students from cheating

-penalty or punishment to the students

-asking teacher to create homework assignment that cannot be easily cheated.

范文：

Thanks to the easy access to Internet, children today have more education resources. By simply typing in keywords, they are able to search for knowledge quickly online. However, Internet also makes it easier for them to cheat in homework. With the help of various chatting software, they even can share what they have acquired. To discourage children from cheating, teachers have three solutions in mind, including parents’ supervision, strict punishment and assignments that are difficult for students to cheat. In my opinion, the second one is the best of all.

To begin with, having severe punishment in place is the only solution that makes students consciously avoid cheating by themselves. It is important for students to realize how perilous to form the habit of cheating. Teachers fail to know students’ true academic performance, and students who find with fewer efforts they can also achieve a satisfied score will gradually refuse to work hard in both study and future career. The strict penalty reminds students the danger, warns them to actively regulate behaviors and stresses the significance of honesty and integrity. It is not worthy to take such a risk to deceive teachers. For example, when a student is found dishonest in an assignment, the professor should directly fail him in the subject and urge him to take it again the next year. A long term purpose of setting strict penalty is to educate students that whether there is supervision or not someday in future, they know that cheating is not the option.

Secondly, it is difficult either for all parents to effectively supervise children’s homework or for teachers of all subjects to design homework that is impossible to cheat. Sometimes, parents are busy with work both in office and at home. There is not enough time left for them to check children’s homework page by page. It is also unfeasible for parents to sit by side with children who will feel uneasy and even upset. Or simply, some parents may feel embarrassing when they find that the subject their children are working on is beyond their knowledge to comprehend. Then, from the perspective of teachers, homework of different subjects take different forms. For literature teachers, it is easy to prevent students from cheating by assigning essay writing as homework. However, not all teachers are that lucky. For teachers teaching maths, physics and chemistry, most assignments they give to students are questions that require students to use formula to do calculation and there is just one correct answer. This kind of exercises are essential for students to grasp knowledge they acquire in class. Therefore, teachers of those subjects can hardly inhibit students from cheating by changing homework.

In summary, to cope with the increasing number of students who cheat in homework, schools need to impose severe penalty on those who dare to cross the line. This is the most effective method to teach students to willingly regulate behaviors by themselves.

9.托福独立写作篇九

Some people argue as if it is a general truth that a ...But to be frank, I cannot agree with them. There are numerous reasons why I hold no confidence on them, and I would explore only a few primary ones here.

The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant o the basic fact that...Explain...

Another reason why I disagree with the above statement is that I believe that...

What is more, some students are interested in...

In a word, ...

Agree/Disagree

Some people prefer to A, others believe B, Nowadays some may hold the opinion that ..., but others have a negative attitude. As far as I am concerned, I agree/disagree that... MY arguments for this point are listed as follows.

One of the primary causes is that...

Examples...

But there is a further more subtle point we must consider. Examples.

What is more... Examples...

General speaking ... Recognizing the fact that ...should drive us to conclude that...

Agree/Disagree

Nowadays, some may hold the opinion that ... But others have a negative attitude. As far as I am concerned, I agree that ... My arguments for this point are listed as follows.

I agree with the statement that ...without reservation since ...

Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that...