学位英语词汇题解析

学位英语词汇题解析（共8篇）

1.学位英语词汇题解析 篇一

高 频 词

A

1、abandon vt.放弃，遗弃

He abandoned a career that could have led to his becoming one of the most influential people in the world.他放弃了一份可以使他成为世界上最有影响力的人之一的工作。

2、ability n.能力，智能，才能

The ability to hear clearly is very important for any speaker.能听清楚对任何演说者都是非常重要的。

3、able a.有能力的，能干的

You will not able to pass the examination unless you work harder than you do now.除非你比现在学得更刻苦，否则你通不过这次考试了。

4、above prep.在…之上，高于 ad.在上面a.上述的，上面的 Above all，the real poet is a master of words.真正的诗人首先是一位语言大师。

5、absolutely ad.完全地，绝对地

The doctor will not perform the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.除非迫不得已，这位医生是不会做这个手术的。

6、accept v.接受，认可； 同意，承认

I’ve received a gift from him，but I’m not going to accept it.我收到了他送的礼物，但是我不准备接受。

7、accomplish vt.完成

If they try hard to do something and fail，they may conclude that they will never be able to accomplish a particular task.如果他们尽力去做还失败的话，他们就会断定自己永远完成不了某个特定任务。

8、according to 按照，根据

You should learn to act according to circumstances.你应该学会随机应变。

9、account n.账目，账户 v.说明，解释

on ～ of 因为，由于 Yesterday Mr.Smith gave a vivid account of his recent visit to China.昨天，史密斯先生生动地讲述了他近期访问中国的情况。

Richard Dienabier，Psychology（心理学）professor at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln，believes that society’s attitudes account for much of the increase in cheating.林肯内布拉斯加大学的心理学教授理查德认为，社会态度在很大程度上是欺诈增加的原因。

10、accurate a.准确的，精确的

The news passed by word of mouth and was never accurate.口头传递的消息向来不准确。

11、achieve v.完成； 达到，达成，获得

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action.第五个层次可能会涉及那些只有通过社区活动才能实现的需求。

12、achievement n.成就，功绩

Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement.首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的成就。

13、acquaintance n.熟人，相识

I have some acquaintance with the Russian.我懂一点儿俄语。

14、acquire v.取得，获得； 学到

She has acquired a good variety of the pronunciation of this area.她已经掌握了这个地方的各种语音。

15、across prep.在…对面ad.横过，横断 We swam across the river.我们游到河对岸。

16、act v.起作用； 表演n.行为，动作；

（一）幕； 法令，条例 ～ on 按照…行事 Half of the children participated in the experimental study;the other half acted as the control group.一半儿童参加了实验研究;另一半参加了控制组。

17、action n.行为，动作 The government took actions.政府采取了行动。

18、active a.活动的;活跃的, 活泼的;敏捷的;主动的 Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people.研究表明，瘦人比胖人更加活跃。

19、activity n.活动

Too many extracurricular activities take up too much of our precious time for study.课外活动太多，占去了我们很多宝贵的学习时间。20、actor n.男演员 actress n.女演员

They are touched by the life stories of the actors and actresses.他们被男女演员的人生故事感动。

21、actually ad.实际上

Actually，the world’s birth rate is falling.实际上，世界人口出生率正在下降。

22、add vi.增加，增进vt.加，加上

When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitaminenriched fluid，the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it，even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water.当维他命浓缩液中加入香料时，老鼠似乎渐渐习惯了这种口味； 即使后来维生素被换成清水，它们也继续饮用。

23、address n.地址，通讯处 vt.致函，致辞； 写地址

Today，every American school child learns Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address by heart.今天，每个美国学龄儿童都能背诵林肯的葛底斯堡演说。

24、adjust v.调节，调整，校正

He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country.他很快就适应了这个国家的炎热气候。

25、admit vt.承认； 允许进入，接纳 He never admits that he is wrong.他从不承认自己错了。

26、adopt vt.收养； 采用，采取，通过 By adopting a few simple techniques，parents who read to their children can greatly increase their children’s language development.通过一些简单的方法，父母读给孩子听能大大提高孩子的语言能力。

27、adult n.成人

The adults in the family like the front page，the editorial page，and the world news section.家里的大人们喜欢头版、社论版和世界新闻版。

28、advance vt.推进，促进 n.前进，进展 You ought to have told me in advance.你本该事先告诉我的。

29、advanced a.先进的，高级的

We should develop the advanced education by all means.我们应该想尽办法发展高等教育。30、advertisement n.广告

Advertisement aims to increase people’s awareness and arouse interest.广告的目的在于提高人们对产品的认知度并激发购买兴趣。

31、advice n.忠告，意见

Specialists’ advice is useful to help you choose the most suitable kind of dog.专家的意见能够帮助你选择最合适的狗。

32、affair n.事，事情，事务

The senator’s death was a tragic affair.参议员之死是个悲剧。

33、affection n.爱，慈爱； 感情； 影响

A dog is loyal to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection.狗是忠于主人的，因此也希望主人表现出对它的喜爱。

34、afraid a.害怕的，怕的； 唯恐的，担心的I’m afraid she will feel hurt.恐怕她会感到受到了伤害。

35、against prep.对着，逆，反（对），违反； 紧靠着，倚在； 与…对照，对比 The picture looks better against the light wall.这幅画挂在浅色的墙上显得更美。

36、age n.年龄，时代v.变老

People of different ages may have different understanding.不同年龄的人会有不同的理解。

37、agent n.代理人，经办人 My agent has power to sign my name.我的代理人有权代我签字。

38、agree on（双方）同意，赞同 We agree on this point.在这一点上，我们的意见一致。

39、agriculture n.农业

The agriculture revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things: the invention of laborsaving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture.19世纪的农业革命包括两个方面： 省力机械的发明和农业科学的发展。

40、ahead ad.在前，提前

～ of 在…前面，先于

Our company is ahead of other makers of spare parts for the airplane.我们公司制造的飞机零部件比别家的好。

41、aim n.目的，目标vi.（at）目的在于，企图； 瞄准，对准 She aimed a pistol at the bandit pointblank.她用手枪直接瞄准强盗。

42、alive a.活着的，有活力的，活泼的

There are still a number of people alive today who can remember what “village life” meant.今天，仍然有不少活着的并且记得“乡村生活”意义的人。

43、all over 遍及，到处

Apart from supplying news from all over the world，newspapers give us a lot of other useful information.报纸除了提供给我们全世界的新闻以外，还提供给我们很多其他的有用信息。

44、allow vt.允许，承认 Smoking is not allowed here.此处不允许吸烟。

45、alone a.单独，独自，独一无二的ad.仅仅，只； 单独地，独自

Late that night，alone in his hotel room and tired out，he again worked briefly on the speech.那天深夜，他一个人待在宾馆的房间里，感到很疲惫，但还是简略地把演讲稿又修改了一下。

46、along prep.沿着ad.向前

Kids who have trouble getting along with their classmates can end up behind academically as well and have a higher chance of dropping out（退学）.不能与同学好好相处的孩子最后学习会很差并且退学的几率也很大。

Along with the letters there are answers written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems.与这些读者来信一起刊登的还有对这些问题的回答，它们是由那些被认为能够解决这些问题的人撰写的。

47、aloud ad.出声地，大声地 He read the poem aloud.他高声朗诵那首诗。

48、altogether ad.完全，全部地； 总共； 总之

But what about hair? It will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer.但是头发会怎样呢？随着时间的发展头发可能会从身上消失，因为它不再发挥作用。

49、among prep.在…之中，在…中间

He does，however，see less cheating among the youngest students.然而，他发现在这些最年轻的学生中作弊情况还是比较少的。50、amount n.数量，总额v.（to）合计，等于

Advertisement usually costs businesses large amounts of money.广告通常使企业花费巨资。

51、analyze（=analyse）v.分析，分解 The American is trained from childhood to question，analyze and search.美国人从小就被培养怀疑、分析和探索的能力。

52、ancient a.古代的，古老的

In ancient times，the most important examinations were spoken，not written.在古代，最重要的考试是口试而不是笔试。

53、angle n.角； 角度，观点

You should consider all angles of the question 你应该从各个角度考虑这个问题。

54、announce v.宣布，发表，通告； 报告…的来到 The captain announced that the plane was going to land.机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。

55、annual a.每年的，的n.年刊，年鉴

After four years of belownormal rainfall（in some cases only 10 percent of annual average），vast areas of France，Spain，Portugal，Belgium，Britain and Ireland are dry and barren（贫瘠）.连续四年低于正常降雨量（有时候只有年平均降雨量的10%），法国、西班牙、葡萄牙、比利时、英国和爱尔兰的大部分地区变得干旱、贫瘠。

56、anyway ad.无论如何

I have no idea about the holiday;anyway, I just want to rest.至于假期怎么过我没什么主意； 无论怎样，我只想休息。

57、anywhere ad.任何地方，无论哪里 Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去没去过什么地方？

58、apart ad.撇开； 分开，分离； 相距，相隔 Apart from a few words，I do not know any French at all.除了很少的几句话外，我对法语一无所知。

59、apologize（=apologise）v.道歉，认错 I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.我因踩了她的脚而向她道歉。

60、apparent a.（to）明显的，显而易见的； 表面的，貌似的 It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.显然，他一点儿也不懂怎样修车。

61、application n.请求，申请（书，表）； 应用，运用； 施用，敷用

The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency.把新的科学发现运用到工业生产上，通常可以提高生产效率。62、approach v.靠近，接近n.方法，途径； 探讨

The income tax deadline approaches and some taxpayer’s thoughts turn to it.所得税的最后期限接近了，一些纳税人开始动脑筋了。63、appropriate a.适当的，恰如其分的

Schools fail to offer students appropriate vocational guidance.学校没能给学生提供适当的就业指导。64、approximate a.近似地，大约 The approximate time is three o’clock.大概的时间是三点钟。

65、argue v.争论，辩论； 主张，论证； 说服

They argue that under these circumstances，families would retain their same level of income，and women could run the house and raise children much better.他们认为在这种情况下，家庭能够保持同样的收入，妇女能够更好地持家和抚养孩子。66、argument n.争论，辩论； 论据，论点

There are many other arguments for and against television.支持还是反对电视，人们存在很多其他的争论。67、arouse v.唤醒，激起，引起

Her strange behavior aroused our suspicions.她不寻常的举动引起我们的猜疑。

68、arm n.（手）臂，臂状物； ［pl.］ ［总称］ 武器，武装v.武装，装备 On the other hand，we tend to make less use of our arms and legs.另一方面，我们往往没有充分利用我们的四肢。

69、around ad.到处，周围； 大约prep.在…周围，在…各地

What people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.人们吃什么、吃多少，极大地受到周边发生的事情的影响。70、arrange v.整理，布置，筹备 He arranged the books on the shelf.他把书架上的书整理了一下。

71、arrangement n.排列，安排

In a classic experiment，babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria feeding arrangement，with a wide selection of baby food before them.在一个经典实验中，6至12月大的婴儿被安排在一个自助餐厅喂养，有各种各样的食物供他们选择。

72、arrest v./n.逮捕，扣留 The criminal was arrested yesterday.罪犯昨天被捕了。

73、arrival n.到来，到达； 到达的人或物 The arrival of the train was delayed.那列火车晚点了。

74、article n.文章，论文； 物品； 项目，条款 The woman first bought a few small articles.这个妇女先买了些小商品。

75、artificial a.人工的，人造的； 人为的，矫揉造作的 Farmers would use less artificial fertilizers.农民很少用人工肥料。

76、ashamed a.（of）羞耻，惭愧，害臊 And，if he can’t make things work out right，he doesn’t feel ashamed that he failed;he just tries to learn from his mistakes.如果他没法完成工作，他也不会为自己的失败感到羞愧； 他只是努力从失败中吸取教训。77、aside ad.在旁边，到旁边

Joking aside，we really must do something.说笑归说笑，我们真得做点事了。78、ask for 请求，要求

We shall ask for samples to be sent and then we can make our decision.我们可以要求他们送一些样品，然后就可以做出决定了。79、assume v.假装； 假定，设想； 采取，承担，呈现

Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time，so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller.五百年是一个相对比较短的时间，因此我们可以假设人类会越来越高。80、assure v.使确信，使放心； 保证，担保 I can assure you of the reliability of the news.我可以向你保证这条消息是可靠的。81、as well 同样地

It will be as well to stop that young screamer.但最好还是让那个大哭大叫的孩子住声。82、atmosphere n.大气（层）； 空气； 气氛，环境

We went to a restaurant with an Old World atmosphere.我们去了一个充满东半球风情的小饭馆。83、attack v./n.攻击，进攻，抨击 Drought attacked Europe.干旱袭击了欧洲。

84、attainable a.可到达的，可得到的

The fifth level will become attainable before the government takes actions.在政府采取行动之前，第五个层次就能达到。85、attention n.注意（力），留心； 立正

pay ～ to 注意 The crowd of 15，000 people at first paid little attention to him.15000名观众一开始没怎么注意他。

86、attitude n.（to，towards）态度，看法； 姿势

What is the Municipal Authority’s attitude to the proposal of a tunnel across the river? 市政当局对这个过江隧道的提案有什么看法? 87、attract v.吸引； 引诱； 引起（注意等）

In a place west of Marseilles，the French government is killing mosquitoes and building six big vacation places to attract nearly a million tourists.法国政府在马赛西部通过灭蚊和建造六座大型旅游景点来吸引上百万的游客。88、attraction n.吸引； 吸引力； 吸引人的事物

The attraction of the play is so great that many people want to see it.这个戏剧如此吸引人，许多人都想看。89、attractive a.吸引人的，有魅力的

Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at.或许所有这些都说明，未来的人类看起来将不是一个非常有魅力的物种。90、audience n.听众，观众，读者； 谒见，会见

Professor Smith is always very sensitive to the reaction of the audience when he gives lectures.史密斯教授在做演讲时，对观众的反应总是很敏感。91、author n.作者； 创始人 Which of the following is most unlikely for the author to do? 下列哪项是作者最不愿意做的？ 92、auto /automobile n.汽车

Then a third level appeared.It included such items as automobiles and new houses.接着第三个层次的需求出现了，它包含像汽车和新房子这样的东西。93、average n.平均（数）a.通常的，一般的v.平均，均分

Now，on average，men are about three inches taller.现在人类平均高了三英寸。94、aware a.（of）知道的，意识到的 They are not aware of their own potential.他们没有意识到自己的潜能。

95、awful a.糟糕的； 威严的，可怕的 That’s an awful book.那是一本很糟糕的书。96、awkward a.尴尬的

Aunt Lena came to visit us at an awkward time.丽娜大婶在我们很不方便的时候来了。

B

97、back and forth 来回，往返，来来往往地

Someone was pacing back and forth behind the curtain.有人在幕布后踱来踱去。

98、background n.背景，经历

This is a photo of Mary with our house in the background.这是玛丽的照片，背景是我家的房子。99、badly ad.坏； 严重地，厉害地

Cheating tends to occur when one wants something badly.当一个人非常想要某样东西的时候就可能运用欺骗的手段。100、bare a.赤裸的，光秃的，空的； 仅有的 Don’t walk on that broken glass with bare feet.不要光着脚走在那些碎玻璃上。101、barrel n.桶； 枪管，炮管

He emptied out the water barrel to clear it of sediment.他把水桶倒空以清掉桶底的沉淀物。

102、base n.基础，底部； 基地，根据地 This film is based on a novel by D.H.Lawrence.这部影片是根据D.H.劳伦斯的小说改编的。103、basic a.基本的，基础的

The first and most basic level of needs involves food.第一层次，也是最基本层次的需求是食物。104、basis n.基础，根据

On the basis of our sales forecasts，we may begin to make a profit next year.基于我们销售情况的预测，明年将开始赚钱。105、battle n.战役，战斗； 斗争v.战斗，斗争，搏斗 His brave deeds in the battle earned him everlasting glory.他在那场战斗中的英勇事迹为他赢得了永恒的荣誉。106、bear n.熊v.忍受，容忍； 负担； 生（子女）

Women are allowed to take leave from their jobs during their childbearing years.妇女在分娩期间可以向工作单位请假。

107、beat n.敲打，节拍； 跳动 v.敲； 打败

Your heart beats more slowly，and your brain slows down.你心跳慢了，大脑反应也慢了。108、beautiful a.美（好）的

They are in a dream world where things often appear to be more romantic and beautiful than in real life.他们在一个比现实生活更浪漫、更美丽的梦境里。109、beg v.乞求； 请求，恳求

He could not beg a favor of so great a man.他不能向一个如此伟大的人求助。

110、beginning n.开端，开始

At the beginning of the study，the children did not differ in measures of language development.在学习初期，孩子们在语言发展方法方面没有什么不同。111、behave v.举止，举动，表现； 运转

Sports and games can help children know better how to behave properly in their future life.运动和游戏可以帮助孩子更好地了解在将来的生活中如何做到行为得体。112、behavio（u）r n.行为，举止；（机器的）特性 The price condition has an influence on consumer behavior.价格状况对消费者的行为有影响。

113、below prep.在…下面，在…以下ad.在下面，向下 Such petty behavior is below me.如此卑劣的行为有失我的身份。

114、benefit n.利益，好处，恩惠v.有益于；（from，by）受益 A fiveday week benefits more than individually and economically.五天工作制不仅仅对国家经济和个人有好处。

115、billion mum./n.〈美〉 十亿，〈英〉 万亿 In 1820，world population reached 1 billion.1820年，世界人口达到10亿。

116、bind v.捆，绑，包扎，束缚

Bind the gangster to the seat with rope lest he should escape.用绳子把匪徒绑在座位上以免他逃跑。117、bite v./n.咬，叮n.一口

It must be trained so that it won’t bite.我们必须训练它以使它不咬人。

118、bitter a.（有）苦（味）的； 痛苦的，厉害的 Defeat in the election was a bitter pill for him to swallow.在选举中失败是他难以下咽的苦果。

119、blame（on）v.责备； 怪，怨n.责任，过错 The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.由于玻璃是在妈妈外出时被打碎的，因此她不知道该去批评谁。120、bloom n.花（朵）； 开花（期）v.开花 These flowers bloom in the spring.这些花在春天开放。

121、boil v.（使）沸腾，煮（沸）

The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water.燃烧垃圾产生的热量可以用来烧开水。122、bomb n.炸弹v.轰炸 The airforce bombed two towns.空军轰炸了两个城镇。

123、bother v.打扰，烦扰； 烦恼，操心n.麻烦

They never bother to think whether they are suited for the job or，even more important，whether the job suits them.他们从不费心去想他们是否适合这份工作，或者更重要的是这份工作是否适合他们。124、bound v./n.跳（跃）a.一定的It’s bound to rain soon.不久就会下雨的。

125、brain n.（大）脑； 骨髓； ［pl.］ 脑力，智能 In the modern world we use our brains a great deal.在现代社会我们用脑比较多。126、bread n.面包

Having a job is more than merely providing yourself and your dependants with daily bread and some money for leisure and entertainment.拥有一份工作并不仅仅意味着提供给你和家人食物以及娱乐休闲的钱财。127、breathe v.呼吸，吸入

If you have trouble falling asleep，some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply.如果你睡眠困难，有人建议很慢慢地深呼吸。

128、breed v.（使）繁殖，生殖； 产生； 抚养，饲养n.品种 It is observed that many animals do not breed when in captivity.人们注意到许多动物一被关入笼中就不生育了。129、bridge n.桥（梁）v.架桥，建桥

Don’t cross the bridge until you come to it.不要杞人忧天。

130、brief a.简短的，简洁的v.简短介绍，简要汇报

To be brief（with you），we can’t accept such harsh terms.简单地（对你）说，我们不能接受这样苛刻的条件。131、bright a.明亮的，辉煌的； 聪明的If you look at children，you’ll see great difference between what we call “bright” children and “not bright” children.如果你仔细观察孩子，你会发现所谓聪明的孩子和不聪明的孩子之间有很多的区别。132、broadcast v./n.广播（节目）

The BBC broadcasts every day.英国广播公司每天广播。

133、brown n./a.褐色（的），棕色（的）

This meat takes some time to brown properly when cooking.这种肉要花点时间才能煮成恰到好处的褐色。134、build v.造，建筑，建设，建立

He has learned to build houses.他已经学习了建造房屋。135、building n.建筑（物），房屋，大楼

The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings.制造出来的蒸汽是用来发电或者给附近的房屋提供热量的。136、burn v.燃烧，烧毁，烧伤n.烧伤，灼伤

The house is burning.房子烧起来了。

137、burst v.爆裂，爆炸； 突然发生，突然发作n.突然破裂，爆发

The little boy saw the plane crash and burst into flames.小男孩看到飞机坠毁并炸成碎片。

138、button n.纽扣； 按钮（开关）v.扣紧； 扣上纽扣

The blouse buttons up the back.这件衣服从背后系扣。

C

139、cage n.鸟笼，兽笼

Is the elephant in the cage? 大象在笼子里吗？

140、calm a.平静的； 镇静的v.（使）平静；（使）镇定

He was calm when I told him the bad news.当我告诉他这个坏消息时，他很平静。141、canal n.运河；（沟）渠

Water is so low in the canals of northern France that waterway traffic is forbidden except on weekends.法国北部运河的水位如此低以至于水上交通只有在周末才通行。142、cancer n.癌

As is known to all，too much smoking will cause lung cancer.众所周知，吸烟过度会引起肺癌。

143、candidate n.候选人，候补者； 报考者

The company is being forced to reduce staff and I fear I’m a likely candidate（for redundancy）.公司被迫裁员，恐怕我是其中（冗员）之一。144、capable a.有本领的，有能力的

Is the earth capable of providing a good life for so large a population? 地球能为如此多的人口提供美好的生活吗？

145、capital n.首都，首府； 大写字母； 资金a.首位的，基本的

The biggest “dream factories” are in Hollywood，the capital of the film industry.电影之都——好莱坞是最大的“梦工厂”。146、career n.生涯，经历； 专业，职业

My grandfather was a career teacher;it’s the only job he’d ever done.我祖父教了一辈子书，教书是他所干过的惟一的工作。

147、careless a.粗心的，疏忽的；（of）不关心的，淡漠的 This is careless work.Do it again!这工作做得粗枝大叶，重做!148、carry v.运送，搬运； 传送，传播； 领，带

This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers.这架奇妙的飞机能载七名乘客。

149、catch v.捕捉，捕获； 赶上； 感染； 理解，听到

～ on 理解，明白/～ up with 追上，赶上 There were no insects for its web to catch.它的网上没有昆虫可以捕。

150、cause n.原因，理由 v.使产生，引起

There is no cause for concern，for the windstorm was not too serious.那场风暴不太厉害，没必要担心。151、century n.世纪，（一）百年

Unless population growth is reduced，the world population may reach 12 billion in a century.除非人口下降，否则世界人口将在一个世纪内达到120亿。152、certainly ad.一定，必定，无疑； 当然，行 Teachers’ salaries today，while not much，certainly are much higher than they were in past year.现在教师的工资虽然不是很高，但显然比前些年高多了。153、chain n.链（条）； ［pl.］ 镣铐； 一连串，一系列，连锁v.用链条拴住

A chain is no stronger than its weakest link.一环薄弱，全局必垮。

154、challenge n.挑战（书）； 艰巨任务，难题v.向…挑战 Their school challenged ours to a football match.他们学校向我们学校挑战，要和我们进行足球比赛。

155、change n.变化； 零钱，找头v.更换，交换； 改变 You will see many changes in the village since last year.你会看到村里自去年以来发生的变化。

156、channel n.海峡，水道； 信道，波道； 路线，途径

There are many channels that we can make use of in doing this sort of work.做这工作有很多途径可以利用。

157、character n.性格，特征； 人物，角色； 字符，（汉）字

Sports and games are also very useful for character training.体育和游戏对性格训练很有帮助。

158、characteristic a.（of）特有的，独特的n.特征，特性 Size and characteristics of the dogs should be considered.应该考虑狗的大小和性情。

159、cheap a.便宜的； 低劣的，不值钱的

Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.这家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。160、cheat v.欺骗； 作弊n.骗子； 欺诈，欺骗行为

Many experts believe cheating is on the rise.很多专家认为欺骗行为正在增加。

161、check v.检查； 制止，控制； n.检查，核对

A sudden change of wind checked the forest fire.风向突然一转，森林大火就被遏制了。

162、chemical a.化学的n.［pl.］ 化学制品，化学药品

The chemical may make the patient sick for a few hours or a day.这种化学药品可以使病人恶心几个小时或者一天。163、chief a.主要的，首要的n.首领，领袖

According to the Charter，the president is chief of the armed forces.根据宪法规定，总统是武装部队的首脑。164、city n.城市，都市

The city turned out to welcome back its victorious team.全市居民倾城而出迎接凯旋球队。

165、civilize（=civilise）v.使文明，开化

The African countries hoped to civilize all the primitive tribes on the land.非洲国家希望把非洲所有的原始部落都变成文明社会。

166、claim v.要求； 主张； 索赔n.要求； 索赔； 所有权

Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.渔夫和水手有时声称看到过水怪。

167、clear a.清晰的，晴朗的； 有信心的 ad.清楚地，明白地

She seems quite clear about her plans.她似乎对自己的计划很有信心。

168、close v.关，闭； 结束n.结束ad.紧密地a.接近的I live close to the shops.我住得离商店很近。

169、cloud n.云（状物）； 遮暗物，阴影； 一大群

At the same time cold air keeps the clouds down low.同时冷空气使云层变得更低了。170、coal n.煤，煤块

It meant going to bed early to save lampoil and coal.这意味着早睡觉可以节省灯油和煤。

171、coat n.外套，上衣 v.涂上，盖上，包上

This woodwork has had its final coat of paint.这件木器已涂完最后一道漆了。

172、collect v.收集，搜集； 领取，接走

A crowd had collected to watch the ceremony.人群集中起来观看典礼。

173、college n.学院，高等专科学校，大学

Their son will start college in January.他们的儿子一月份开始上大学。

174、combination n.结合，联合，合并； 化合（物）

The power of words，then，lies in their combinations.因此单词的力量在于它们的组合。175、combine v.（with）（使）结合，联合；（使）化合Pollution and waste combine to be a problem.污染和浪费合并为一个问题。

176、comfort n.舒适，安逸； 安慰，慰问v.安慰，使舒适

She was a great comfort to me when I was ill.她在我生病时给了我极大的安慰。

177、comfortable a.舒适的，自在的They may feel un comfortably hot there.他们可能感到这里热得很不舒服。

178、comment n.注释，评论，意见 v.（on）注释，评论 He made a comment about the bad road.他对这条糟糕的路发表评论。

179、commercial a.商业的，商务的，贸易的 n.商业

A commercial college teaches things that would be useful in business.商学院讲授那些在商业中可能会有用的东西。180、communicate v.交流； 通讯，通话 They could communicate with each other.他们能够互相交流。

181、complex a.复杂的； 合成的，综合的 n.联合体

Languages are remarkably complex and wonderfully complicated organs of culture.语言是文化中相当复杂和晦涩难懂的部分。

182、complicated a.错综复杂的，麻烦的，难解的 She asked me a very complicated question.她问了我一个很复杂的问题。

183、comprehension n.理解（力），领悟 The problem is above my comprehension.这个问题超出了我的理解力。

184、concentrate v.（on）集中，专心； 浓缩 n.浓缩物

A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。

185、consist v.（in）在于，存在于；（of）由…组成，由…构成 The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.联合王国包括大不列颠及北爱尔兰。

186、conclude v.结束，终止； 断定，下结论； 缔结，议定 The doctor concluded that the patient’s disease was cancer.医生断定病人患的是癌症。

187、conclusion n.结束，终结； 结论，推论 I found the conclusion of her story very exciting.我觉得她那故事的结尾很激动人心。

188、condition n.状况，状态； ［pl.］ 环境，形势，条件 I can let you have it on very favorable conditions.我愿意以非常优厚的条件卖给你。

189、confident a.（of，in）确信的，自信的 Pater is confident of winning the post as the assistant to the managing director.彼得确信他能获得总经理助理的职位。

190、contact v./n.（使）接触，联系，交往 Eye contact is extremely important in English.用英语交谈时眼神交流非常重要。

191、contain v.包含，容纳，装有； 等于，相等于

They contain the quickest and the most efficient means of communicating within their respective culture.他们各自的文化中包含着最快和最有效的沟通手段。192、continue v.连续，继续，延伸

According to the weather report，the weather will continue fine till this weekend.据天气预报，好天气将一直持续到周末。193、convenient a.（to）便利的，方便的

In the first place，television is not only a convenient source of entertainment，but also a comparatively cheap one.一方面，电视不仅是一种方便的娱乐方式，而且是一种相对便宜的方式。194、conversation n.会话，谈话

From her conversation，I deduced that she had a large family.从和她的谈话中，我推断她来自一个大家族。195、cook n.炊事员，厨师 v.烹调，煮，烧 The villagers want wood to cook their food with.村民需要木头来烧饭。

196、cool a.凉爽的； 冷静的，冷淡的 v.冷却，（使）镇静

As time went on，hot sun and cool rains made the rock split and break to pieces.随着时间的推移，炙热的太阳和冰凉的雨水使石头裂开并成为碎片。197、copy n.抄本，副本； 誊写，临摹，复制 Please send a copy of this letter to Mr.Grey.请把这封信的副本送给格雷先生。

198、corporation n.公司，企业，团体

John works for a large American chemical corporation.约翰为一家大型美国化学公司工作。

199、correct a.正确的，恰当的，v.改正，纠正，矫正 I think his commentary on this issue is not correct.我认为他对这个问题的评论是不正确的。

200、custom n.习惯，风俗，惯例； ［pl.］ 海关，关税 His custom was to get up early and have a cold bath.他习惯早起，然后洗个冷水澡。201、customer n.顾客，主顾

We might ask whether the cost of advertisement is paid for by the producer or by the customer.或许我们该问一下广告费是由厂家支付还是由顾客支付。202、country n.国家； 农村，乡下

When the empire fell to pieces，the home country found itself faced by flood and starvation.当帝国崩溃后，整个国家面临着洪水和饥饿。203、countryside n.乡下，农村 Modern agriculture is spoiling our beautiful countryside.现代农业正在破坏我们美丽的乡村。204、courage n.勇气，胆量

In their lessons at school，boys and girls may learn about such virtues as unselfishness，courage，discipline and love of one’s country.在学校的课堂上，孩子们能学习诸如无私、勇敢、自律和爱国等美德。205、course n.课程，教程； 过程，进程； 路程，路线

Of course，individuals also vary in what they are interested or willing to talk about.当然，每个人感兴趣的或者愿意参与讨论的内容会有所不同。206、creature n.人，动物

We can’t see microscopic creature with naked eyes.我们肉眼看不到微生物。207、crime n.罪行，犯罪 It’s a crime the way he treats her.他如此待她真可耻。

208、criticism n.批评，评论

His partial attitude called forth a lot of criticism.他的偏袒态度招致了不少批评。209、criticize v.批评，评论 Can authority be criticized? 权威可以被批判吗？

210、cry v.哭泣，叫，喊n.哭泣，叫喊，喊声

It is true a smile means the same thing in any language.So does laughter or crying.的确，在任何语言中微笑都有相同的意义。笑和哭同样如此。

211、culture n.修养，教养； 文化，文明 These two countries have different cultures.这两个国家有着不同的文化。

D

212、daily a.每日的ad.每日，天天n.日报 We become familiar in daily conversation.通过日常交谈我们变得熟悉起来。

213、damage v./n.损害，毁坏n.［pl.］ 损害赔偿费 The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。

214、dance v.跳舞n.舞蹈，舞会

Her whole life has been given to the study of dance.她一生献身于舞蹈研究。

215、dangerously adv.危险地

Their ship was sailing dangerously in the tempestuous sea.他们的船在浪急风高的海上危险地航行着。

216、dare v.敢，胆敢 The farmer could have dared to ask another farmer to help.这个农民敢向另一农民寻求帮助。

217、dark a.黑暗的，暗的； 黑色的n.黑暗，暗处 It was getting dark，so we hurried home.天黑下来了，我们急忙往家赶。

218、dash v./n.冲，猛冲，突进 Sea waves dashed against the rock.海浪冲击着岩石。

219、data n.资料，数据

The computer malfunctioned and printed out the wrong data.计算机出了故障，打印出的资料不正确.220、date n.日期，年代； 枣v.注明…的日期n./v.约会 What is the date today? 今天几号？

221、dead a.死的，无感觉的

But it seems that “Village life” is dead.但是乡村生活看起来似乎毫无生机。220、death n.死亡； 灭亡，毁灭 The death of her mother was sudden.她母亲的死很突然。

221、deal v.（with）处理，对付，安排 n.数量，程度；How would you deal with an armed burglar? 你将如何对付遇到持有武器的盗贼？ They are used a great deal in modern life.在现代生活中它们被广泛应用。

222、debt n.债，债务

If I pay all my debts I shall have no money left.如果我还清了所有的债，我就分文钱不剩了。223、deceive v.欺骗，蒙蔽

He deceived her into thinking he could drive a car.他骗她，使她相信他会开汽车。

224、decide v.决定，下决心； 解决，裁决 The boy decided not to become a sailor.那孩子决定将来不当水手。

225、decision n.决定，决心； 决议； 决策 Have they reached a decision yet? 他们是否已有所决定？

226、decrease v./n.减少，减小

The number of children in the school has decreased this year.今年在校的儿童人数减少了。

227、deed n.行为，行动； 功绩，事迹 His deeds does not agree with his words 他言行不一。

228、deeply ad.深深地

交易 We are deeply grateful for your support.我们深深感谢你的支持。

229、definite a.明确的，肯定的，限定的 I want a definite answer“yes” or“no”.我要明确的答案，“是”还是“否”。230、definitely adv.明确地，干脆地 I can’t tell you definitely when I will come.我不能肯定地告诉你我什么时候来。

231、degree n.程度； 度数； 学位； 学级

The students sh/w various degrees of skill in doing the experiments.学生们做实验时，表现出各种不同程度的技巧。232、delay v./n.耽搁，延迟

The letter was delayed three days by the train accident.火车事故使这封信耽搁了三天。

233、deliver v.交付，递送； 发表

Some new books have been delivered to the school.一些新书已被送到学校。

234、demand n./v.要求，请求，需求（量）v.查问 It demands more food and space.它需要更多的食物和空间。

235、demonstrate v.论证，证实； 演示，说明

It has been demonstrated that rats will prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins.事实证明，比起不含维生素的水老鼠更喜欢含有维生素的水。236、department n.部，局，处，科，部门； 系，学部 Which department were you in when you studied in college？ 你读大学时是哪个院系的？

237、dependent a.依靠的，依赖的，从属的； 随…而定的 She is completely dependent on her daughter for money.她花的钱全是从她女儿那里得到的。238、describe v.描述，形容

In Chinese “surprise” can be described in a phrase like “they stretched out their tongues!”

在汉语中“吃惊”可以用“他们伸出了舌头”这一短语表示。239、design v.设计，构思，绘制n.设计，图样 They have designs on your money.他们对你的钱有企图。

240、desire v./n.愿望，欲望，要求 I had a desire to go swimming.我想去游泳。

241、desperate a.绝望的； 不顾一切的，拼死的 His failure made him desperate.他因失败而铤而走险。

242、detail n.细节，详情v.详述

Give me all the details of the accident—tell me what happened in detail.给我说说事故发生的详情，详细告诉我发生了什么事。243、detect v.觉察，发觉； 侦察，探测

The dentist could detect no sign of decay in her teeth.牙医在她的牙齿上找不到蛀蚀的迹象。

244、determine v.决心，决定； 确定，限定 I am determined to do better than Mike.我下决心要做得比麦克还好。

245、development n.发展； 扩张； 进展； 发生； 进展程度 The development of this industry will take several years.这项工业的发展要经过几年的时间。

246、dial n.钟（表）面，刻度盘，拨号盘v.拨号，打电话 The dial records showed a very slight variation in pressure.刻度盘显示出压力有极微小的变化。

247、differ v.（from）与…不同；（with）与…意见不同

They differ with each other as to the precise meaning of this article in the contract.对于合同中这一条款的确切释义他们的看法不一致。248、difficult a.困难的，艰难的

Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees，it is difficult for it to persuade the villagers to see this.虽然政府意识到种植大量树木的重要性，但是说服村民领会这一点是困难的。249、difficulty n.困难，困境，难题

At first，the government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave Rio and to settle in Brasilia.起初，政府很难说服人们离开里约热内卢去巴西利亚落户。250、direction n.方向，方位； 指令，说明 What direction does this exhibition hall face? 展览馆朝什么方向? 251、directly ad.直接地，径直地； 马上，立即

Westerners do not usually ask people directly how old they are.西方人通常不直接问别人的年龄。

252、director n.指导者； 主任； 导演； 董事

The board of the directors decided to carry on the discussion next day.董事会决定第二天继续讨论。253、disadvantage n.不利条件

Obviously, television has both advantages and disadvantages.很明显电视有利有弊.254、discover v.发现； 显示

Did you ever discover who had been sending you the flowers these days? 你有没有弄清楚这些日子是谁在给你送花? 255、discovery n.发现； 被发现的事物

The discovery of oil on their land made the people rapidly rich.他们土地上发现了石油使这里的人们家很快致富了。256、disease n.疾病

The rapid spread of the disease is alarming the medical authorities.这种疾病的迅速蔓延使医疗当局感到忧虑不安。257、distance n.距离，间隔，远方，路程

In England distance is measured in miles，not in kilometers.在英国，测量距离用英里而不是公里。258、distant a.远的，久远的

The foreign visitors came from a distant country.外国游客来自一个遥远的国度。

259、disturb v.扰乱，妨碍，使不安 Please don’t disturb me while I’m working.当我工作时，请不要打扰我。

260、divide v.分，划分，分开； 分配；（by）除

The work of making pins is divided into about eighteen different operations.制作别针的工作被分成18个不同的操作步骤。261、division n.分，分割，除去

The river forms the division between the heavy industrial and light industrial areas of the city.这条河成了这座城市重工业区和轻工业区的分界线。262、double a.双的，两倍的v.使加倍，翻一番 Many things now cost double what they did a few years ago.许多东西比数年前贵了一倍。263、doubt n./v.怀疑，疑惑

I have doubts about whether he is the best man for the job.我怀疑他是否是这项工作的最佳人选。

264、draw v.拉； 画； 汲取； 引出；（to，towards）挨近The Olympic Committee has drawn up strict rules for the sportsmen.奥组委给运动员制定出严格的条例。264、dream n./v.梦； 梦想，幻想 To spend holidays by the sea was his dream.到海滨度假是他十分向往的事。

265、drop n.滴； 落下； 微量v.落下； 下降； 失落 The plate dropped from her hands.盘子从她手中掉了下来。

266、dry a.干的，干旱的； 枯燥的v.使干燥，晒干 This coat will keep you dry in the rain.这件外套使你避免被雨淋。267、due a.（to）应支付的；（车、船等）预定应到达的 Water reserves are at their lowest level in years due to drought.由于干旱，水库已经好几年处于最低水位。268、during prep.在…期间

They swim every day during the holidays.假期，他们天天去游泳。

E

269、each a./pron.各，各自的，每 They could communicate with each other.他们相互交流。

270、earn v.赚得，挣得，获得

271、earth n.地球； 土，泥； 陆地； 地上

No fo rce on earth can hold back the progress of the society.没有任何力量能够阻止社会的进步。272、easily adv.容易地，不费力地

Those young men are too easily disheartened by difficulties.那些年轻人遇到困难时太容易泄气了。

273、easy a.容易的，不费力的； 安逸的

The job of teaching is so easy that everybody can do it.教学工作如此简单以至于任何人都可以做。274、economical a.节约的，经济的

For most working people in the city，it is more economical to go to work by subway.对大多数城市里的上班族来说，坐地铁上班倒省钱些。275、economy n.节约； 经济

His views on knowledge economy have been accepted with unanimity.他关于知识经济的观点得到一致公认。276、educate v.教育； 培养； 训练

The writer was educated at a very good school.这位作家在一所很好的学校里受过教育。277、education n.教育，培养，训练

Education is given to children by the government.政府为儿童提供教育。

278、effect n.作用，影响； 效果

A youngster’s social development has a profound effect on his academic progress.青少年的社会发展对他的学术进步有深远的影响。279、effective a.有效的，生效的

The medicine is an effective cure for a headache.这种药治头痛有很好的疗效。280、efficiency n.效率，功效

In his speech he kept pounding away at his opponent’s in efficiency.他在演说中不断攻击对手不称职。

281、efficiently ad.有效率地，有效地 Gestures are more efficiently used than words.手势要比语言有效得多。

282、effort n.努力，艰难的尝试

All sides concerned would make more efforts.相关各方将进一步加大努力。

283、elect v.选举，推选； 选择，作出选择

The government is made up of men and women elected by the people of the country.政府是由这个国家的人民选出的人员组成的。284、election n.选举，当选，选择权 The government elections will be next month.政府选举将在下个月举行。

285、electric a.电的，导电的，电动的

This heavy freighter is driven by two electric motors.这辆重型运输汽车是由两台电动机驱动的。286、electricity n.电，电流； 电学

In Britain，water will soon be metered，like gas and electricity.在英国，水很快就像煤气和电一样用表计费。287、electronic a.电子的

The firm is Britain’s main producer of electronic equipment.该公司是英国主要的电子设备制造商。

288、element n.元素； 组成部分

In learning a foreign language，the best beginning would be starting with the nonlanguage elements of the language

在学习外语的过程中，最好从这门语言的非语言部分开始学起。289、emotion n.情绪，情感

Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world.恐惧是全世界另一种通用的情绪。290、emotional a.感情的

She was very emotional;she cried even when her husband left for another city on business.她很易动感情，她丈夫到另一个城市出差时她竟然放声大哭。291、employ n./v.雇用； 用，使用

Too often young people get themselves employed quite by accident.年轻人经常在偶然的情况下被雇用。292、employee n.雇工，雇员 There are 30 employees in his firm.他的公司有30名雇员。

293、employment n.雇用； 使用； 职业 He left his home to look for employment.他离家去找工作。

294、empty a.空的； 空洞的v.倒空，使成为空的

For a long time，people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land.长久以来人们在空地上掩埋或者倾倒垃圾。295、enable v.使能够，使成为可能

But division of labor adds nothing new;it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.但是劳动力的分工不会增加任何新东西，只会使人民生产更多已存在的东西。296、end up 竖着； 结束； 死

You could end up running this company if you play your cards right.你要是处理得当，到头来这个公司能归你掌管。297、endless a.无止境的，无穷的 Human needs seem endless.人类的需求是无穷尽的。298、energy n.活力，精力； 能，能量

Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs? 我们有足够的能源来满足将来的能量需求吗？ 299、engineering n.工程学

Genetic engineering will have revolutionary consequences for mankind.遗传工程将对人类产生深远的影响。

300、enjoy v.欣赏，喜爱； 享受…乐趣 People enjoy seeing the movies.人们喜欢看电影。

～ oneself 过得快活

Villagers in the past found it difficult to enjoy themselves.在过去，村民过得很艰难。301、ensure v.确保，保证

If you want to ensure that you get the diploma，you have to work harder and take all these curricula and pass them.如果你想确保获得文凭，就得努力些，选修所有这些课程并通过考试。302、entertain v.招待，款待； 使娱乐； 使欢乐 A teacher should entertain as well as teach.教师应寓教于乐。

303、entire a.完全的，全部的，完整的 Due to bad cold she spent the entire day in bed.她得了重感冒，在床上躺了一整天。304、environment n.环境，外界

The children have a happy environment at school.孩子们在学校有一个快乐的环境。305、equally a.（to）相等的v.等于 People are not equally intelligent.人的智商是不一样的。

307、equipment n.设备，器材，装置 They use special equipment.他们用专门设备。

308、error n.错误，过失

The accident was caused by human error.这次事故是由人为过错造成的。

309、escape n.逃跑，逃脱v.逃跑； 避开，避免

The hotel guests tried their best to escape from the burning building.旅客们尽力从着火的大楼中逃出来。

310、especially ad.特别，尤其

For those who work with their brains most of the day，the practice of such skills is especially useful.对那些成天使用脑力劳动的人来说，这种机能训练特别有用。

311、event n.事件，事情

Today we can read in our newspapers of important events that occur in faraway countries.现在我们可以在报纸上读到发生在遥远国度的事情。

312、eventually ad.终于，最后 As time goes on，however，we shall have to use our brains more and more，and eventually we shall need larger ones.随着时间的推移，我们将会更多地使用我们的大脑，最后我们会需要更大的大脑。

313、ever ad.在任何时候

Man has got stronger eyes than he ever had.现在人们的眼睛比以前任何时候都敏锐。

314、exactly ad.正确地，严密地

It is difficult to measure exactly the influence of advertisement on sales.要准确地估计广告对销售的影响很困难。

315、exam（=examination）n.考试，测验 Have you passed the examination you took last month? 你上个月参加的考试通过了吗？

316、examine v.检查，细查； 对…进行考试

Microscopes make tiny things larger so that we can examine them.显微镜可以使小的东西变大，因此我们可以细查这些小东西了。

317、excellent a.卓越的，极好的

The college has excellent sporting facilities.这所学院有极好的体育设备。

318、exchange v./n.（for）交换，调换； 兑换； 交流

May I exchange seats with you? 我可以和你换一下座位吗?

319、excite v.刺激，使激动； 激发，鼓励 The news excited everybody.这个消息鼓舞了每个人。

320、exciting a.令人兴奋的，使人激动的 It was an exciting hunt，but the fox escaped.这真是一场扣人心弦的追猎，可惜狐狸还是跑了。

321、exclude v.拒绝，把…排除在外，排斥

We can’t exclude the possibility that some warmongers will run the risk of starting a new world war.我们不能排除有些战争贩子会冒险发动一场新世界大战的可能性。

322、exhibition n.展览会； 陈列，展览 They are coming to the exhibition as my guests.他们作为我邀请的客人来参观展览会。

323、exist v.存在； 生活

The Roman Empire existed for several centuries.罗马帝国存在了好几个世纪。

324、existence n.存在，实在； 生存，生活（方式）The elephant is the largest land animal in existence.大象是现有最大的陆上动物。

325、expect v.预期； 期望，指望

The parents did not expect that their child’s question was too hard to give a reply.父母没有想到孩子的问题会如此难以回答。

326、experience n.经验； 经历v.体验，经历 Please tell us your experiences in America.请告诉我们你在美洲的经历。

327、experiment n.试验v.（on，with）进行实验 The experimental farm is near the waterpower station.实验农场在水电站附近。

328、expert n.专家，能手a.熟练的，有经验的； 专门的

According to expert opinions，they gave up the experiment immediately.根据专家们的意见，他们马上放弃了这项实验。

329、explain v.解释，说明

They are trying to develop a convincing theory to explain how the needles work in preventing pain.他们试图发展一种令人信服的理论来解释如何用针灸来止痛。330、explanation n.解释，说明

The only explanation for his behavior is that he’s mad.对他的行为的唯一解释就是他疯了。331、explosion n.爆炸，爆发

The explosion was caused by a burst gas pipe.这次爆炸是由一个爆裂的煤气管引起的。332、export v./n.输出，出口n.出口商品 China exports to many other countries regions.中国向许多其他国家和地区出口货物。

333、express v.表达，表示 a.特快的，快速的n.快车，快运 We use both words and gestures to express our feelings.我们通过语言和手势来表达我们的情感。

334、expression n.表达； 措辞； 表情，脸色 People’s facial expressions may be misunderstood.人们的面部表情可能会被误解。335、extreme a.极端的

He lives at the extreme edge of the forest.他住在森林的最边上。

F

336、factory n.工厂

The river has been polluted by waste products from the factory.这条河已经被工厂排放的废料污染了。

337、fail v.失败，不及格； 衰退，减弱 The teachers failed me on the written composition.老师们给我的作文打了不及格。

338、failure n.失败，不及格； 失败者 Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

339、fair a.公平的； 相当的 n.集市，交易会，博览会 Other ways of increasing consumer interest are through exhibitions and trade fairs as well as direct mail advertisement.其他提高消费者兴趣的方法是通过展览会和商品交易会，以及直接邮寄广告。340、famous a.著名的

This town is famous for its beautiful buildings.这个城镇以其漂亮的建筑而闻名。

341、farm n.农场，饲养场v.种田，经营农牧业

Both Europe and America had great need for farm machinery.欧洲与美国都大量需求农业机械。342、farmer n.农民，农场主

The farmer was pleased to see his piles of corns on the cob.农夫看到成堆的玉米很高兴。

343、fashion n.流行式样，风尚，风气； 样子，方式

Is it the fashion to wear short skirts? Yes，short skirts are in fashion.现在是不是时兴穿短裙？是的，短裙很流行。344、feeling n.感情； 心情； 知觉； 同情 He had lost all feeling in the left leg.他的左腿完全失去了知觉。

345、fence n.篱笆，围栏； 击剑 v.击剑 The fence kept the dog in the yard.栅栏把狗圈在了院子里。

346、fill v.（with）填满，充满

George’s the best person to fill this vacancy.乔治是填补这一空缺的最佳人选。347、final a.最终的，决定性的

The final thing she did before she left the house was to lock the door.她离开房子前做的最后一件事就是锁门。

348、fit v.使适合，适应； 安装a.适合的； 健康的 The dog will fit the environment.狗将会适应这环境。

349、flame n.火焰，火苗； 热情； 光辉v.发火焰，燃烧 He could still see some flames.他仍然能够看到一些火焰。

350、flat a.平坦的，扁平的； 乏味的n.一套房间

That speech was a flat failure，and the people are disappointed.演讲很乏味，人们对它感到失望。

351、flexible a.柔韧的，易弯曲的，灵活的

This involves placing flexible needles into certain parts of the body.这包括把灵活的钢针插入到身体的某些部位。

352、flood n.洪水，水灾v.淹没，发大水，泛滥 It is that tree that saved their lives in the flood.就是那棵树在洪水中救了他们的性命。353、flow v.流，流动n.流量，流速

The rain falls on hard ground and flows away from the surface，causing flood.雨水落到硬地上，顺着地表流向远处从而引起了水灾。354、following a.接着的，下列的

Which of the following statement is not true? 下面哪项陈述不正确？

355、forbid v.禁止，不许

Fishing in this pond is forbidden;penalty $5.该池塘禁止钓鱼，违者罚款五美元。356、forehead n.额

The forehead will grow larger.前额会渐渐变大。357、forest n.森林

Thousands of old trees were lost in the forest fire.成千上万棵老树在森林大火中被烧毁。358、forever ad.永远，常常

I shall remember that happy day forever.我将永远记住那快乐的一天。

359、form n.形状，形式； 表格v.组成，构成； 形成 Different countries have different forms of government.不同的国家有不同的政治制度。

360、former a.以前的，在前的pron.前者

The owner of that shop is Mr.Brown—the former owner was Mr.Johnson.那家商店的主人是布朗先生，前店主是约翰逊先生。361、formula（pl.formulae）n.公式，程式

The employers and the union leaders have agreed an acceptable formula for wages.雇主和工会领袖已就工资问题达成了一个可行方案。362、fortunate a.幸运的，侥幸的

I was fortunate to catch today’s last bus to the county at the last minute.我在最后一分钟赶上了今天最后一班去县城的长途车，真是幸运。363、free a.自由的； 免费的； 空闲的； 免去…的v.使自由 When he was set free after twenty years in prison，he was amazed at the changed world he found.二十年后当他从监狱释放，他对世界的变化感到很吃惊。364、frequent a.时常发生的，频繁的 Frequent failures did not affect his morale.屡次失败并没有使他泄气。365、fresh a.新的，新鲜的

There’s been no fresh news of their trial production of the new model since yesterday.自从昨天以来，一直没有关于这种新型号试生产的新消息。366、fuel n.燃料 v.加燃料

Aircraft sometimes fuel while in the air.飞机有时在空中加油。

367、full a.（of）满的，充满的 ad.完全，充分

They knew full well that he would certainly break his promise.他们完全知道他肯定会违背诺言的。

368、function n.功能，作用； ［pl.］ 职务，职责； 函数v.起作用 The function of an adjective is to describe or add to the meaning of a noun.形容词的作用就是修饰名词。369、further ad./a.更远（的），更往前（的）； 进一步（的）v.促进，增进 He stated further that he would not cooperate with the committee.他进一步指出他不愿与委员会合作。370、furthermore ad.而且，此外

Furthermore，the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyer’s resistance may be produced.此外，价格已经上升了，这可能会引发消费者的抵触情绪。371、future n.将来，未来； 前途，远景

What will man be like in the future—in 5，000 or even 50,000 years from now? 在五千或者五万年后人类会是什么样子？

G

372、gas n.气体，煤气； 汽油

There are several kinds of gas in the air，with nitrogen amounting to the most part.空气中有好几种气体，氮所占的比重最大。

373、general a.一般的，普通的； 总的，大体的n.将军 The opposing parties failed in the general election for all their pains.尽管反对党费尽了心机，还是在大选中遭到了失败。374、generally ad.一般，通常 The plan has been generally accepted.这项计划被人们广泛接受了。

375、generation n.产生，发生； 一代（人）We belong to the same generation.我们是同龄人。

376、gesture n.姿势，姿态； 手势v.做手势 He gestured angrily at me.他气愤地对我做手势。

377、glass n.玻璃； 玻璃杯； 镜子； ［pl.］ 眼镜

For thousands of years，people thought of glass as something beautiful to look at.几千年来，人们一直认为玻璃是看起来很漂亮的东西。378、glow v.发热，发光，发红n.白热 The metal glowed in the furnace.金属在熔炉里发出灼热的光。

379、goal n.目的，目标； 守门员，球门； 进球

If the primary goal of language use is communication，then mistakes are secondary considerations.如果语言的基本作用是交流，那么交流时的错误则是第二位要考虑的因素。380、goods n.商品，货物

It includes a variety of goods and services，many of which could be called “luxury” items.它包含不同的商品和服务，其中一些可以称为奢侈品。381、government n.政府，内阁； 管理，支配； 政治，政体 The Government is planning new tax increases.政府正打算提高征税额。

382、grade n.等级，级别； 年级； 分数v.分等，分级 This grade of wool can be sold at a fairly low price.这种等级的羊毛可以以相当低的价格卖出。383、gradually ad.逐渐地

Gradually the surrounding farmland turned residential.周围的农田渐渐变成了住宅区。

384、graduate n.（大学）毕业生v.毕业a.毕了业的； 研究生的 The salary scale is graduated so that you get more money each year.工资划分成各个等级，因此职工逐年获得加薪。385、grant n.同意，准予； 给予，授予

The government gave us a grant to build another classroom.政府给了我们一笔补助，用来盖另外一间教室。386、paragraph n.段，节

What is the major function of this paragraph? 这一段的主要作用是什么？

387、growth n.生长，增长，发展 Childhood is a period of rapid growth.童年是生长迅速的时期。

388、guess v.以为，相信； 推测，猜测 n.推测，猜测 We can only make a guess.我们只是猜测一下。

389、guidance n.引导，指导

He did the work with his teacher’s guidance.他在老师的指导下做了这项工作。

390、guide v.为…领路 n.领路人； 指南，导游 Be guided by your feeling.按你的感觉行事。

H

391、habit n.习惯；习性，脾性

in the ～ of 有…的习惯 It is not easy to break off a bad habit.要改掉一个坏习惯不容易。

392、hair n.头发，毛发，汗毛

Your hair has grown very long.Go and have your hair cut.你的头发很长了，去理个发吧。

393、hall n.礼堂，会堂，办公大楼，门厅 The children were in the school hall.孩子们在学校的礼堂里。

394、handle n.柄，把手，拉手v.处理，对待，操纵 She handled a difficult argument skillfully.她巧妙地应付了一场艰难的辩论。

395、happiness n.幸福，幸运，快乐

It’s a great happiness to us to have a grand banquet in your honor here.在此为你们举行盛大的宴会是我们极大的荣幸。396、haste n.匆忙，急速； 草率

The deathbed struggles of the enemies can only hasten their own doom.敌人的垂死挣扎只能加速他们的灭亡。397、have（got）to 不得不，必须

People have to cope with many problems and much trouble in real life.在现实生活中，人们不得不应付很多问题和困难。398、health n.健康，健康状况； 卫生 Sleep is necessary for good health.健康需要睡眠。

399、healthy a.健康的，健壮的； 有益健康的，卫生的 Sports and games make our bodies strong，prevent us from getting too fat，and keep us healthy.运动和游戏使我们强壮、远离肥胖并且能保持健康。400、heat n.热，激烈v.（给）加热，（使）变热

The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water.燃烧垃圾所产生的热量用来烧水。

401、height n.高，高度； ［常pl.］ 高地，高处 His height makes him stand out in the crowd.他的身高使他在人群中显得很突出。

402、helpful a.（to）有帮助的，有益的，有用的 The helpful boy carried my bags for me.这个挺顶用的男孩帮我拿提包。

403、hero n.英雄，勇士； 男主角，男主人公

The football player was Paul’s hero when he was at school.保罗还在学校的时候，这位足球运动员就是他崇拜的英雄。404、heroic a.英雄的，英勇的

They inspired by the heroic deeds of the good guys.他们被这些好人的英勇事迹感动。

405、hit v.打，击，击中； 到达，完成n.一击，击中

In old schools the headmaster could hit the boys with a cane for fighting in school.在过去的学校里，如果学生在学校打架，校长可以用藤条抽打他们。406、hold v.拿着，拥有； 容纳； 举行 n.握住，掌握

catch ～ of 抓住，得到

～ back 抑制，组织/ ～ up 举起，承载； 阻挡，使停止； 抢劫，拦截 We must hold ourselves in readiness for bad news.我们应该对坏消息有心理准备。

407、holiday n.假日，节日，假期，休假 In this job you get four weeks holiday a year.做这项工作，你一年有四个星期的假期。408、hope v./n.希望，期望 We hope all children can attend schools.我们希望所有的孩子都能上学。409、hotel n.旅馆

During the holiday months hotel rooms are at a premium.在度假的月份，旅馆房间的价钱比平常高。

410、hunger n./v.饥饿； 渴望 Its people died of hunger.人们死于饥饿。

411、hungry a.饥饿的 I’m hungry for good books.我期盼好图书。

I

412、idea n.思想，概念； 想法，主意 Burning garbage is not a new idea.燃烧垃圾并不是一个新主意。

413、ignore v.不理，不顾，忽视 I tried to tell her but she ignored me.我打算告诉她，可是她不理睬我。

414、image n.形象； 肖像，影像，映像 Sitting in a dark theater，watching the images on the screen，they enter another world that is real to them.坐在黑暗的剧院里，看着屏幕上的影像，他们进入了对他们来说另一个真实的世界里。

415、imagination n.想像，空想，想像力

You didn’t really see it — it was just your imagination.你没有真正看到它，这只是你的想像。

416、imagine v.想像，设想，料想

Try to imagine a jet which is more than seventy meters long and more than five stories high at the tail.试着想像一下，一架喷气式飞机长七十多米，尾部比五层楼还要高。

417、immediate a.立即的，即时的； 直接的； 最接近的

A five-day week has found an immediate welcome and much popularity since it was officially adopted across the country.五天工作制一在全国正式实行就立即受到了人们的普遍欢迎和拥护。

418、imply v.意指，含…意思，暗示

The author implied in the passage that most of us have the habits influenced by the surroundings.作者在文章中暗示，我们绝大多数人都有受环境影响的习惯。

419、impression n.印象，感想； 盖印，压痕 The thief had left an impression of his foot in the garden.小偷在花园中留下一个脚印。

420、improve v.改善，改进，增进； 好转，进步

This is not good enough.I want to improve it.这还不够好，我要加以改进。

421、improvement n.改进，改良，增进； 改进措施

Because of improvements in technology，people could buy many new kinds of products in American stores，such as home computers，microwave ovens，etc.由于技术的进步，人们可以在美国商店买到很多新产品，比如家用电脑、微波炉等等。

422、import v./n.进口，输入

Nowadays，our import and export corporations send their trade groups abroad every now and then.现如今我们的进出口公司经常派贸易代表团到国外去。

423、importance n.重要，重要性

The importance of washing one’s hands before a meal is that it prevents infection.饭前洗手的重要性在于防止传染。

424、inch n.英寸

Give him an inch and he’ll take an ell.他得寸进尺。

425、include v.包括，包含，计入

He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech.他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。

426、income n.收入，收益，进款，所得 What is your income from your job? 你的工作收入是多少？

427、increase v./n.增加，增长，增进 His employer has increased his wages.他的雇主给他涨了工资。

428、indeed ad.确实，实在； 真正地； 多么

Many things tell us that teaching is indeed an “important” job.很多东西告诉我们教学确实是一份重要的工作。

429、indirect a.间接的，迂回的

They may try to discuss the topic indirectly.他们可能会尽量间接地讨论这一话题。

430、individual a.个人的，单独的； 独特的n.个人，个体 Much of the pollution could be controlled if only companies，individuals and governments would make more efforts.如果公司、个人和政府都能采取有效措施，很多污染就会被控制。

431、industry n.工业，产业； 勤劳，勤奋

But when industry became more important than agriculture in American life，families became smaller.但是当工业在美国人的生活中比农业更重要时，家庭开始变小了。

432、infer v.推论，推断

I infer from your letter that you have not made up your mind yet.我从你信中推想，你还没有下定决心。

433、information n.通知，报告； 情报，资料，消息； 信息 The police haven’t got enough information to catch the suspected.警方还未掌握可以抓住这个嫌疑犯的足够情报。

434、injure v.损害，损伤，伤害 There were two people injured in the car accident.有两个人在车祸中受伤。

435、innocent a.（of）清白的，无罪的； 无知的

Can you provide any evidence that he was innocent of the crime? 你能提供证据证明他没有犯罪吗?

436、insect n.昆虫

Insects propagate themselves by means of eggs.昆虫靠产卵繁殖后代。

437、inspire v.鼓舞，激起； 使产生灵感

His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.他最好的乐曲灵感来源于对母亲的回忆。

438、instance n.例子，事例，例证 for ～ 例如，举例说

For instance，when in a new situation，an intelligent person thinks about the situation，not about himself or what might happen to him.比如说在新环境中，聪明人会仔细思考这个新环境而不是去思考他自己或者去思考将会发生什么事情。

439、instruct v.教，教授； 命令，指示

I’ve been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.我得到指示在这儿等到授课老师来为止。440、insult v./n.侮辱，凌辱

He insulted her by calling her a stupid fool.他叫她笨蛋，侮辱了她。

441、insure v.保险，给…保险； 保证

It is advisable to insure your life against accident.最好上人寿保险，以防意外。

442、intelligence n.智力，聪明； 理解力； 情报，消息，报道 Use your intelligence，and you’re sure to achieve something.发挥你的聪明才智，你一定能取得成就。443、intelligent a.聪明的，明智的

Can you say that dolphins are much more intelligent than other animals? 你能说海豚比其他动物聪明得多吗? 444、interfere v.（in）干涉，干预；（with）妨碍，打扰 I don’t want to interfere with you;proceed with your work.我不想打扰你了，你继续工作吧。445、intend v.想要，打算，企图

It is intended to deal with facts，not personal opinions.对事不对人。

446、intention n.意图，意向，目的 He has no intention of marrying yet.他还没有结婚的打算。

447、internal a.内部的，内的； 国内的，内政的

I think the present armed clash on the border was a diversion to make their people forget the internal difficult economic situation.我认为目前发生的边界冲突事件是想要转移国内人民对困难的经济形势的注意力。448、interview v./n.接见，会见； 采访； 面试

As he had nothing to tell，he refused to give any interviews to the journalists.他无可奉告，拒绝了记者采访。

449、introduce v.介绍； 传入，引进； 提出； 采用 He introduced his friend to me.他把朋友介绍给我。

450、invent v.发明，创造； 捏造，虚构 How men first learned to invent words is unknown.人类最初是怎样发明出文字的还是未知。451、invention n.发明，创造 Necessity is the mother of invention.需要是发明之母。

452、investigate v.调查，调查研究 Production goes before market investigation.产品应该走在市场调研之前。

453、involve v.卷入，陷入，连累； 包含，含有，涉及 How should we involve ourselves in school life? 我们应该怎样投入学校生活？

454、iron n.铁； 烙铁，熨斗v.熨（衣），熨平

The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow.早期发明中最重要的是铁犁。455、item n.条，条款，项目

Are there any interesting news items in the paper this morning? 今天的晨报上有什么有趣的新闻吗？

J

456、jealous a.（of）妒忌的； 猜疑的，警惕的 He is jealous of their success.他妒忌他们的成就。

457、journey n.旅行，旅程 v.旅行 How long is the journey to the coast? 到海滨去旅行路有多远？

458、judge n.法官，审判员； 裁判员，鉴定人v.审判，判决； 评定，裁判；At a certain age，children are also learning to judge themselves in relation to others.到了一定年龄，孩子也学着判断他们与周围人的关系。

459、judgment n.审判，判决； 判断力，识别力； 看法，意见 Her decision seems to show a lack of political judgment.她的决定似乎显示出她缺乏政治判断力。

K

判断

460、kick v./n.踢

Some people get a kick out of the danger in motor racing.有些人从赛车的惊险中寻求刺激。

461、kid n.小孩，儿童v.戏弄，取笑

Young kids don’t know how to distinguish between effort and ability.小孩子不知道如何区分努力和能力。

L

462、labo（u）r n.工作，劳动； 劳力，劳工v.劳动； 苦干 You needn’t labor a point that is perfectly plain.这点很明显，你用不着讲个没完。463、lamp n.灯

The lamp is full of gaseous nitrogen.灯里充满了氮气。

464、land n.陆地，土地； 田地 v.登陆； 着陆

While many animals landed on the island，they could find no food.很多动物在岛屿登陆，但它们找不到食物。

465、largely ad.主要地，基本上； 大量地，大规模地 There are few towns in this area； it is largely land for farming.这个地区城镇很少，主要是农田。466、lately ad.最近，不久前

That kind of bird has become more numerous around here lately.近来，附近一带那种鸟越来越多了。

467、launch v.发射，发动，开展n.发射，下水 They have launched a manmade satellite successfully.他们成功发射了一颗人造卫星。468、lawn n.草地，草坪

France have banned washing cars and watering lawns.法国已经禁止洗车和浇灌草坪。469、lazy a.懒惰的，懒散的

They are usually too lazy to plant and look after the trees.他们经常懒得浇灌和照看这些树。

470、least a.最小的； 最少的ad.最小； 最少

at ～ 至少，最低限度 He probably isn’t sure how to operate the machine，but at least he tries.他可能还不是很确定如何操作这个机器，但是至少他尽力了。471、leisure n.空闲，闲暇； 悠闲，安逸 It sets a pattern of life and，in many ways，determines social status in life，selection of friends，leisure and interest.它设定了一种生活模式，在很多方面它也决定了生活中的社会地位，以及对于朋友、休闲方式和兴趣的选择。

472、level n.水平，水准a.水平的，平的v.弄平，铺平The two pictures are not quite level that one is higher than the other.这两幅画挂得不一样高，这幅比那幅高。

473、library n.图书馆； 藏书室； 藏书，丛书，文库

Unless you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.如果你不立刻归还这些书，你就要缴纳罚款。

474、likely a.很可能的，有希望的ad.大概，多半

Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low.作弊最有可能在切身利益很大而被抓的几率很小的情况下发生。475、line v.排队，使排成一行

People lined the streets to see the famous man go past.人们站在街道两旁看那位著名人士走过。476、lip n.嘴唇

They are closely related as lips and teeth.他们唇齿相依。

477、liquid n.液体a.液体的，液态的

The hot liquid piled higher and higher and spread wider and wider.In this way，an island rose up in the sea.这种炙热的液体堆得越来越高，扩散得越来越宽。这样，一座岛便在海中凸现出来。478、literature n.文学，文学作品，文献 In Chinese and in English literature，a phrase like “he went pale and begin to tremble” suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock.在中文和英文文学中，像“他脸色苍白并且开始发抖”这样的短语表示这个人要么非常害怕，要么刚受到沉重打击。479、load v.装（货），装载，装填n.装载，负荷（量）The truck was carrying a load of bananas.这辆卡车装着一车香蕉。

480、local a.地方的，当地的； 局部的

The cinema and commercial radio are useful for local market.电影和商业化广播对地方市场有用。

481、low a.低的，矮的； 低级的，卑贱的

Money earned from advertisements makes it possible for them to sell their newspapers at a low price and still make a profit.从广告中赚取的钱可以使他们以极低的价格销售报纸而仍然保持盈利。482、lower a.较低的，下级的； 下游的v.降下，放低 Her family’s income level will be a little lower than it normally is.他的家庭收入低于平均水平。

483、loyal a.（to）忠诚的，忠贞的

I may say in all sincerity that you have been my most loyal friend.我可以非常真诚地说，你一直是我最忠实的朋友。484、luxury n.奢侈； 奢侈品

The government has imposed strict controls over the import of luxury goods.政府对奢侈品的进口采取了严格管制。

M

485、machine n.机器，机械

Generally，during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.通常说来，考试期间老师和学生表现得像机器一样。486、machinery n.［总称］ 机器，机械； 系统 We have no machinery for dealing with complaints.我们没有处理投诉的机构。

487、magazine n.杂志，期刊

There is an introduction about Norway in this magazine.这本杂志里有一篇介绍挪威的文章。

488、main a.主要的，总的n.总管道； 干线

But the main reason why people go to the movies is to escape.但是人们去看电影的主要原因是逃避现实。489、mainly ad.大体上，主要地 Weasel lives mainly on rats and rabbits.黄鼠狼主要以老鼠和兔子为食。490、make use of 利用

There are many channels that we can make use of in doing this sort of work.做这种工作有很多方法可以利用。491、make way 开路，让路

The newcomers think that if old George didn’t get the nomination this time he would loyally stand down and make way for a younger man.The party bosses know different.新来的人认为如果老乔治这次没有被提名，他就会老老实实地退出竞选，让位于年轻些的候选人。党派的头头们却不这样看。

492、major a.（较）大的，（较）重要的n.专业v.（in）主修，专攻 She majored in maths and physics at university.她在大学期间主修数学和物理。493、majority n.多数，大多数

The majority of children in our class have brown eyes;only three have blue eyes.我们班大多数孩子是棕眼睛，只有三个孩子是蓝眼睛。

494、maintain v.维修，保养； 维持，保持； 坚持，主张

He failed again and again simply because he had maintained his defeatist attitude.他一直坚持失败态度，所以失败了一次又一次。495、male n./a.男性（的），雄性（的）

The male employees in their families should receive double wages.在他们的家庭中，男雇员应该发给两倍工资。496、manager n.经理，管理人

She’s not a very good manager;she always spends more money than she earns.她不大会理财，总是入不敷出。

497、market n.集市，市场； 销路，需求（量）v.销售 The sales manager wants to open up new markets in the Far East.销售经理想在远东开辟新市场。

498、master n.主人； 师傅； 硕士v.精通，掌握 He is the master of the boat moored alongside.他是那条靠着码头停泊的船的主人。

499、material n.材料，原料，资料a.物质的，实体的 There is singer material among these young girls.在这些年轻姑娘中有些是当歌唱家的人才。500、meal n.膳食，一餐

I had a frugal meal of bread and cheese last night.我昨晚吃了只有面包和奶酪的便餐。501、meaning n.意思，意义，含义

You can’t say that these sounds have no meaning.不能说这些声音没有任何含义。

502、measure v.量，测量n.尺寸，大小； ［常pl.］ 措施，办法 The government has promised to take measures to help the unemployed.政府已答应采取措施来帮助失业者。503、meat n.（食用）肉类

We’ll have to pay more for meat and milk.我们应该多买些肉类和奶类。

504、mechanic n.技工，机修工

This machine isn’t working;get a mechanic to see to it.这台机器坏了，找技工来修理一下吧。

505、medical a.医学的，医疗的，医药的； 内科的 Actually，the world’s birth rate is falling.But so is death rate，as medical advances have made it possible for man to live longer than before.准确说来，世界人口出生率在下降。但是死亡率也在下降，因为随着医学的进步，人类活得比以前更长了。

506、medicine n.内服药，医药； 医术； 医学，内科学 A person who wants to become a doctor has to study medicine.一个想当医生的人得学习医学。507、member n.成员，会员

A trustee is a member of managing business affairs of an institution.理事是机构管理班子中的成员。508、mental

a.精神的，智力的

We should pay more attention to our mental health.我们应该更注重心理健康。

509、mention v./n.提及，说起

The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America.上面提及的调查是在美国开展的。

510、message n.消息，信息，通讯； 启示，要旨 The media are all used to spread the message.媒体都是用来传播消息的。

511、metal

n.金属，金属制品

This not only causes a litter problem，but also is a great waste of resources，in terms of glass，metal and paper.这不仅会引起小问题，而且将是玻璃、金属、纸张等资源的巨大浪费。

512、method n.方法，办法 This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth.这种方法还可以减少堆在地球上垃圾的数量。

513、microscope

n.显微镜

He stained some slides and looked at them under the microscope.他给几张载玻片上染了色，然后放到显微镜下观察。

514、middle n.中间，当中 a.中间的，中部的 Thousands of years ago，in the middle of an ocean，miles from the nearest island，an undersea volcano broke out.数千年前，大海中央距离最近的岛只有几英里的海底火山爆发了。

515、midnight n.午夜

We use to go for a midnight swim during the midsummer.从前盛夏时我们常在午夜去游泳。

516、mind n.头脑，精神； 理智； 想法，记忆v.注意，留心； 介意，反对 I’d a good mind to smack him for being so rude!他这样粗野，我真想揍他。

517、mineral n.矿物，矿石

Only they，in sunlight，could produce food from the minerals of the soil，water and air.只有它们能在阳光中，用土壤、水和空气中的矿物质制造食物。

518、miss v.未击中； 错过，没达到； 惦念

I was late because I missed the bus.我之所以迟到，是因为我误了公共汽车。

519、modest

a.谦虚的，谦让的，谦逊的 She is very modest about the prizes she has won.她对自己获奖非常谦虚。

520、moral

a.道德（上）的，道义的n.寓意，教育意义 We’re suffering a moral breakdown.我们正在经受道德沦丧。

521、mosquito n.蚊子

Mosquitoes like to suck the blood of people and animals.蚊子喜欢吸食人和动物的血。

522、moreover conj./ad.再者，加之，而且

The composition is a not well written，and moreover，there are many spelling mistakes in it.这篇作文写得不好，而且还有许多拼写错误。

523、movement n.运动，活动； 移动，迁移

The American women’s liberation（解放）movement was started by women who don’t want to stand behind successful men.美国的妇女解放运动是由那些不愿意依靠男人的妇女发起的。

524、movie n.电影，电影院

The conclusion of the movie was anticlimactic.电影的结局真没劲。

525、murder v./n.谋杀，凶杀

He murdered the song by poor singing.他唱得很差，糟蹋了这首歌。

526、muscle

n.肌肉，体力 Some of my friends develop their arm muscles by playing tennis.我的一些朋友通过打网球锻炼他们手臂上的肌肉。

527、mysterious a.神秘的，可疑的，难理解的 They’re being very mysterious about their holiday plans.他们的度假计划显得很神秘。

528、mystery n.神秘，神秘的事 Why he went there is a mystery to me.他为什么去那里对我来说是个谜。

N

529、naked a.裸体的，无遮蔽的，无掩饰的 We can’t see microscopic creature with naked eyes.我们用肉眼看不到微生物。

530、national a.民族的，国家的，国立的 The national emblem of England is a rose.英国的国徽是一朵玫瑰花。

531、native a.本地的，本国的； 天生的n.本地人，本国人

The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves.语言学习者可以观察说母语的人是如何表达的。

532、natural

a.正常的，自然的； 自然界的，天然的 Milk is the natural food for young babies.牛奶是婴儿的天然食物。

533、nature n.自然界，大自然，性质，本性，天性

Chinese Export Commodities Fairs and some other fairs of similar nature as well as visits of foreign businessmen provide us with such opportunities.外商的来访及中国出口商品交易会和其他一些类似性质的组织给我们提供了这些机会。

534、needle

n.针，指针，针状物

This involves placing flexible needles into certain parts of the body.这包括把灵活的钢针插入身体的某个部位。

535、negative

a.否定的，消极的，反面的，负的 I have a negative opinion on the value of this idea.我对这个主意持反对意见。

536、neutral

a.中立的； 中性的，中和的

She is neutral in this argument;she doesn’t care who wins.在这场辩论中她保持中立，不在乎谁赢谁输。

537、neighbo（u）r n.邻居

My next door neighbor lives in the house next to mine.我的隔壁邻居住在紧挨着我家的房子里。

538、nervous a.神经的； 神经过敏的，紧张不安的 The speaker gave a nervous cough.演说的人紧张得咳嗽了一声。

539、nonsense

n.胡说，废话 She told me that the moon was made of cheese.What nonsense!她告诉我月亮是奶酪做的，真是胡说八道！540、normal a.正常的，正规的，标准的

They go to the movies to escape their normal everyday existence and to experience a life more exciting than their own.他们去看电影借此逃避每天的日常生活，从而经历一次比平时更刺激的生活。

541、notice n.通知，通告，布告； 注意 v.注意到，注意 The notice on the door said that the library was closed.门上的通知说图书馆关门了。

542、numerous

a.众多的，许多的，大批的 In market，goods on sale are numerous.市场上待售商品充足。

O

543、objective

n.目标a.客观的，真实的 My objective this summer will be learning to swim.我今年夏天的目标是学习游泳。

544、observe

v.遵守，奉行； 观察，注意到，看到 They were observed entering the bank.有人看到他们进入银行。

545、obtain v.获得，得到

I haven’t been able to obtain that book.我还没能得到那本书。

546、obvious

a.明显的，显而易见的 Let us take an obvious example.让我们举一个明显的例子。

547、occasion

n.场合，时节，时刻； 时机，机会 A birthday is no occasion for tears.生日可不是哭鼻子的时候。

548、occupation

n.占领，职业，工作

He returned from Paris and found his office was under someone else’s occupation.从巴黎回来，他发现自己的办公室被别人占了。

549、occur

v.发生，出现； 想起，想到 The disease occurs most frequently in rural areas.那种疾病常见于农村地区.550、opinion n.意见，看法，主张

He asked his father’s opinion about his plans.他征求爸爸对他的计划的意见。

551、ordinary

a.普通的，平凡的，平常的；平庸的

The ordinary day school cannot give much practical training in living.普通学校不能提供平时生活所需的实际练习。552、organ

n.器官； 机构； 风琴 Man’s organs will function differently in the future.将来人类的器官会发挥不同的作用。

553、origin

n.起源，由来； 出身，来历

The social unrest has its origins in economic problems.社会动荡是经济问题引起的。

554、original

a.最初的，原来的； 新颖的，有独创性的

Many young scholars are making original and valuable contributions in all fields of science.很多年轻学者对科学的各个领域作出了原创性的和有价值的贡献。555、oppose

v.反对，反抗

The suggestion that women should return to housework was opposed by most men and women.妇女应该回归家庭的建议遭到大部分男人和女人的反对。

556、opposite

a.（to）对面的，相反的n.对立面prep.在…的对面

The buses went in opposite directions—one went south and the other went north.这两辆公共汽车朝相反的方向开，一辆向南，一辆向北。557、opportunity n.机会

I’ll have another opportunity to visit the exhibition next year.明年我们还有一次机会参观这个展览会。

558、operate v.运转，操作；（on）动手术，开刀 That business operates in several countries.那家商行在几个国家有业务活动。

559、operation n.运转，开动，操作；（on）手术 When does the law come into operation? 新的法律什么时候生效？

560、otherwise

ad.另外； 在其他方面conj.要不然，否则 He is noisy，but otherwise a nice boy.他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是一个好孩子。

561、ought to

aux.（to + inf.）应当，应该，本应，本当

In making investigations，we ought to get information about what similar items the competitors are.在作调查研究的时候我们应该获得一些竞争者的相关信息。

562、outside ad.向外面； 在外面n./a.外部，外表prep.在…外 The outside of an orange is bitter，but the inside is sweet.橘子是苦在其外，甜在其中。

563、outer a.外部的，外面的，外层的 Space vehicles were launched into outer space.航天器被发射到外太空。

564、oven

n.炉，灶，烤箱

The baker’s house had caught fire from the over heated oven.面包师家的房子着火是由过热的烤箱引起的。565、overcoat n.外衣，大衣

When a hungry man gets a meal，he begins to think about an overcoat.当饥饿的人能够吃饱饭后，他就开始想要一件大衣。566、overcome

v.战胜，克服

In order to learn a foreign language well，it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes.为了能学好语言，有必要克服害怕出错的心理。567、own a.自己的v.拥有，有

But，the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dreamworld;he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.但是不聪明的孩子更关心他自己及其梦想世界； 总的来说，在他和生活之间看起来有一堵墙。

P

568、package v./n.包装

He packaged up his old clothes and put them in the cupboard.他把旧衣服包成一包放在橱里。

569、pain n.痛，痛苦； ［pl.］ 努力，劳苦

His bad behaviour caused his parents a great deal of pain.他的不良行为使他的父母感到非常痛苦。570、painful a.疼痛的，使痛苦的

He gained the medal through his painful travail.他通过艰辛的努力获得了奖牌。

571、pale

a.苍白的； 淡的，暗淡的 v.变苍白，失色

All other anxieties paled into insignificance besides the possibility of war.和可能发生的战争相比，所有其他的忧虑都变得微不足道了。572、participate v.（in）参与，参加

Half of the children participated in the experimental study.一半的孩子参加了这个实验性研究。

573、particularly

adv.异常地； 显著地； 特别地，格外，尤其；I can remember one passage that particularly struck me.我能记得特别吸引我的那段。

574、passive

a.被动的，消极的

In spite of my efforts the boy remained passive.尽管我很努力，那个男孩还是很消极。

575、patient

a.有耐心的，能忍耐的n.病人，患者 I know your leg hurts，just be patient until the doctor arrives.我知道你的腿受伤了，耐心点，等医生来。576、patience

n.耐心，忍耐 Patience is what needed.需要的是耐心。

577、pattern

n.模式，式样； 图案，图样v.仿制，模仿 This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns.这或许是因为他们天生具有那样的行为模式。578、peace n.和平；平静，安宁 War started again after eight years of peace.八年的和平之后，战争又开始了。

579、perfect

a.完善的，无瑕的； 十足的v.使完美，改进

特殊地

What do we mean by a perfect English pronunciation? 具有完美的英语发音意味着什么？

580、perform

v.履行，执行，做，完成； 表演，演出 It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well.无线电台能否很好地提供服务，人们对此存在争议。581、permanent

a.永久的，持久的

I’m not a permanent employee;I’m working here on a fixedterm contract.我并不是永久雇员，而是根据定期合同在此工作的。

582、press v.压，按； 压榨，压迫； 紧迫，催促，逼迫 n.报刊，出版社 The press have been invited to a press conference to hear the government’s statement on the event.新闻记者已应邀参加新闻发布会，听取政府关于这一事件的声明。583、pressure

n.压（力）； 强制，压迫，压强 Cheating is the result of intense pressure.作弊是由高强度的压力造成的。

584、persuade

v.说服，劝说；（of）（使）相信 How can I persuade you that I am sincere? 怎样才能使你相信我是真心实意的呢? 585、pet n.爱畜，宠儿a.宠爱的，表示亲昵的 Dogs are demanding pets.狗是一种需求量很大的宠物。

586、phrase

n.短语，词语，习语 He is fond of using highsounding phrases.他爱用夸大的词句。

587、philosopher

n.哲学家，哲人

According to some philosopher，everything in existence is reasonable.某位哲学家认为，存在即是合理。

588、physical

a.物质的； 身体的； 自然科学的，物理的 Physical fitness is having a strong healthy body.身体健康就是有一个强壮健康的身体。589、picnic n.野餐v.（去）野餐 We had a picnic by the sea.我们在海边搞了一次野餐。590、pigeon n.鸽

The pigeons are not bothered by traffic problems.这些鸽子不受交通问题的干扰。

591、pile n.堆v.（up）堆，叠，堆积

It’s probably not as bad as she says — she does tend to pile it on.大概不像她说的那么糟——她确实有意夸大事实。

592、pin n.钉，栓； 大头针，别针，徽章v.（up）钉住

He gave us an example of the process by which pins were made in England.他以英国制造大头针的过程为例。

593、pioneer n.先驱，倡导者，开拓者

So plants had to be the pioneer life on this new island.因此植物是这座岛上最早的生物。594、pipe n.管子，导管； 烟斗； 笛

I’m not giving up my holiday to suit you，so you can put that in your pipe and smoke it!我不打算放弃我的假日来迁就你，你不听也得听!595、plastic n.［常pl.］ 塑料，塑料制品a.可塑的，塑性的

There isn’t much metal in the bodywork of this new car;it’s mainly plastic.这辆新汽车的车身没用多少金属材料，大部分是塑料的。

596、pleasure n.愉快，快乐； 乐事，乐趣 He listened with pleasure to the beautiful music.他陶醉在美妙的音乐中。

597、plentiful a.富裕的，丰富的

Some years we have a plentiful harvest，others a very poor one，but you have to take the good with the bad.有些年我们获得大丰收，有些年则收成很差，但好坏你都得接受。598、plenty n.丰富，大量 There is plenty of evidence.证据充足。

599、poet n.诗人

The poet expressed his burning passion for the woman he loved.诗人表达了他对所爱的女子火一般的激情。600、poison n.毒物，毒药v.放毒，毒害 Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our cities.汽车放出的废气在污染我们城市的空气。601、policy n.政策，方针

This latest incident may be the lever needed to change government policy.最近的事件或许可以作为政府改变政策所需的手段。602、polite a.有礼貌的，客气的； 有教养的，文雅

He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness.邀请他在葛底斯堡演讲只是出于礼貌。603、pollute v.弄脏，污染

I feel it is our duty not to pollute our environment.我感觉我们有责任不污染我们的环境。604、pollution n.污染

People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution.全世界的人们都开始听到或者意识到越来越严重的环境污染问题。605、pop a.流行的，通俗的 A pop group plays pop music.流行乐团演奏流行音乐。

606、popular a.流行的，通俗的，大众的； 有名的 The dance is popular with young people.这种舞很受青年人喜爱。607、population n.人口

There has been a steady decrease in population in this city.这个城市的人口在持续减少。608、possibility n.可能，可能性； 可能的事，希望 The new invention contains wonderful possibilities.这个新发明具有极好的未来。

609、positive a.确实的，明确的； 积极的，肯定的 He was positive that he had seen it in the newspaper.他肯定他在报纸上看见过。610、postpone v.推迟，延期

If they expect prices to go down，they will postpone buying.如果他们能够预料到价格下跌，他们可能会推迟购买。611、poverty n.贫穷，贫困 She has lived in poverty all her life.她一生都过着贫困的生活。

612、powerful a.强大的，有力的，有权的

The chancellor is the most powerful man in the Austrian government.首相是奥地利政府最有实权的人。613、practical a.实际的，实用的

He has a practical partner who organizes everything for him.他有个很能干的伙伴，替他把一切打理得井井有条。

614、practice n.练习，实习； 实践，实际； 业务，开业

in ～ 在实践中，实际上/out of ～ 久不练习，荒疏 In practice，this is an advantage to the airplane.实际上这是飞机的进步。

615、practice（=practise）v.练习，实习； 实践，实行； 开业，从事 He has practised medicine for a year.他开业行医已一年。

616、praise v.赞扬，歌颂； 表扬，称赞n.称赞，赞美 Critics praised the work as highly original.评论家们称赞该作品独树一帜。

617、pray v.请求，恳求； 祈祷，祈求 We’re praying for a fine day.我们希望有个好天气。

618、predict v.预言，预测，预告

A scientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers（消费者）will spend their money must study consumer behavior.如果科学家要预测消费者用什么方法花钱，他就必须研究消费者行为。619、president n.总统； 校长； 会长，主席

There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time.那时候，很多人都批评林肯总统。

620、previous a.先，前，以前的；（to）在…之前 Applicants for the job must have previous experience.申请这份工作的人必须先前有过这种工作经验。

621、primary a.最初的，初级的； 首要的，主要的，基本的 It was in the primary school that my teacher introduced me to computers.就是在小学的时候老师让我了解了计算机。622、private a.私人的，个人的； 秘密的，私下的

It’s illegal to read people’s private letters without permission.未经允许看别人的私人信件是违法的。

623、prize n.奖赏，奖金，奖品v.珍视，珍惜 I won a prize for running.我跑步得了奖。

624、probability n.可能性，概率

The probability of a peace agreement being reached is zero.达成和平协定的概率是零。

625、probable a.很可能的，大概的； 有希望的，可能的 It’s highly probable that they will win the match.他们很可能会赢这场比赛。

626、probably ad.大概，或许

He probably isn’t sure how it will all work out，but at least he tries.他或许不确定如何把它全部完成，但是至少他试过了。

627、process n.过程； 工序，制作法； 工艺v.加工，处理

The firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place.公司目前正在把主要设备迁到新地址去。628、product n.产品，产物； 乘积

Our product has become the undisputed market leader.我们的产品成为在市场上无可匹敌的产品。

629、production n.生产，产量； 产品，作品

They tried to increase production by using better methods and tools.他们试图利用更好的方法和工具来提升生产力。

630、program（=programme）n.节目，节目单； 计划； 程序； 规划v.编制程序 I watched a program about farming.我看了一个有关农业的节目。

640、progress v./n.前进，进步，进展 You have made progress with your English.你的英语进步了。

641、progressive a.进步的，先进的； 前进的

This is a very progressive firm that uses the most modern systems.这家公司采用最现代化的系统，是一家非常先进的公司。

642、project n.方案，计划，工程，项目v.投射，放映；（使）凸出，（使）伸出 It is an elaborate project that answers many purposes.这是一项满足多方面需要的精心设计的项目。

643、promise v.允许，允诺，答应； 有…可能n.承诺，诺言； 希望，出息 He broke his promise and did not come to see me.他不遵守诺言，没来看我。

644、promote v.促进，发扬； 提升，提拔； 增进，助长 The market investigation is indispensable to sales promotion.市场调查对销售量的提升是不可或缺的。645、pronunciation n.发音，发音方法 He has a good pronunciation.他的发音很好。

646、proper a.适合的； 正当的； 固有的； 有礼貌的 Verbal ability can easily be developed with proper methods.如果方法适当，语言能力就容易提高。

647、proportion n.比例； 部分，份儿； 均衡，相称 in ～（to）（与…）成比例的 This door is narrow in proportion to its height.这扇门就其高度的比例而言窄了些。648、proposal n.提议，建议

These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint venture.这些外国人提出了合资的建议。

649、propose v.提议，建议； 提名，推荐 He proposed that we should go for a walk.他提议我们去散步。

650、protect v.（from）保护，保卫

The union was formed to protect the rights and interests of miners.建立工会是为保护矿工的权益。

651、prove v.证明，证实； 检验； 考验； 鉴定

Research surveys have proved that rising prices may make people put off their purchase of certain things.研究结果证明，价格上涨可能使人们推迟购买某些东西。652、proof n.证据，证明； 校样，样张 There is no proof that he was on the crime spot.没有证据证明他当时在犯罪现场。

653、provide v.（with，for）提供，供给

The hotel provides a reservation of tickets for its residents.这家旅馆为旅客提供订票服务。

654、public a.公共的，公众的； 公开的n.公众，民众 The town has its own public library and public gardens.那座城镇拥有自己的公共图书馆和公园。

655、publish v.出版，刊印； 公布，发布 This company publishes children’s books.这个公司出版儿童书籍。656、punish v.惩罚，处罚

The teacher punished the noisy children by making them stay after school.老师为了惩罚那些吵闹的孩子，让他们放学后不准回家。657、pupil n.学生，小学生； 瞳孔

The headmaster has made a decision of suspension of a pupil from school.校长已经对一名学生作出停学处分的决定。

658、purpose n.目的，意图； 用途，效果

on ～ 故意，有意 One of their purposes is to make market surveys on the spot.他们的目的之一是在现场做市场调查。

Q

659、qualify v.（使）具有资格； 限制，限定

A degree in English does not qualify you to teach English.英语学位并不能使你具备教书资格。660、quality n.质量，品质，特性

The public expects “quality people” to teach the young.市民希望素质高的人来给年轻人讲课。

661、quarter n.四分之一； 季度； 一刻钟； 地区； ［pl.］ 住处

There were four of us，so we divided the orange into quarters and each ate a piece.我们共有四个人，因此我们把橘子分成四等份，每人吃一份。662、quit v.离开，退出； 停止，放弃，辞职

Some stay long at a job and learn to like it;others quit from one to another looking for something to suit them.一些人长期做一份工作，并且试着去喜欢它； 另一些人为了寻找适合自己的职业辞掉一份又一份工作。

R

663、range n.范围，距离，领域； 排列；（山）脉 There’s a wide range of ability in the class.这个班的水平差距很大。

664、railroad（=railway）n.铁路v.由铁道运输

In distant places, there are no railroads，no proper roads and no telephones.偏远地区没有铁路、公路和电话。665、rapid a.快，急速的

This stage of sleep is called REM，which stands for rapid eye movement.睡眠的这个阶段被叫做REM，REM是眼睛快速转动的意思。666、rate n.速率，比率； 等级； 价格v.估价； 评级，评价 at any ～ 无论如何，至少

He is generally rated as one of the best modern writers.他被公认为现代最杰出的作家之一。667、ray n.光线，射线

A ray of light pierced the darkness.一道亮光划破黑暗。

668、ready a.（for）准备好的，现成的； 甘心的

You must also be ready to devote a great deal of time to training the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life，unless you live in the countryside and can let it run freely.当狗还小的时候你必须做好花费大量时间来训练它的准备，并且要终生使它活动，除非你住在乡下，可以让它自由活动。

669、reasonable a.合理的，有道理的； 通情达理的； 适度

If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable，they are likely to buy.如果价格稳定并且人们认为价格合理就会购买。670、recall v.回忆，回想； 撤销，收回

No one can possibly recall any detail about the meeting.没有人能够回忆起会议的细节。

671、recognition n.认出，辨认； 承认

She received recognition for her many achievements.她的许多成就得到了认可。

672、recognize（=recognise）v.认出，识别； 承认

Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do.其他研究表明，老年人通常比年轻人更容易识别或者理解肢体语言。

673、record n.录，记载； 最高记录； 最佳成绩； 履历，经历； 唱片v.记录 The doctor keeps a record of all the serious illnesses in the village.这个医生保存了这个村庄所有严重疾病的记录。674、recommend v.推荐，介绍； 劝告，建议 Can you recommend a good dictionary? 你能推荐一本好词典吗？

675、recover v.收回，换回;（from）恢复，痊愈;重新找到 She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.她很快就恢复了常态，不哭了。

676、reduce v.减少，缩小； 简化，还原

The new government’s prime task is to reduce the level of inflation.新政府的主要任务是降低通货膨胀。

677、refer v.参考，查阅，查询；（to）提到，引用； 提交 The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers.商店把投诉转交给制造商。

678、reference n.提及，参考，参考书目

Keep this dictionary for reference.这本词典留着作参考。

679、refrigerator(=fridge)n.冰箱，冷冻机，冷藏库 It is so hot.You should put the food into the refrigerator now.天太热了，你应该现在把食物放进冰箱。

680、regardless a.不留心的，不注意的；（of）不管 She is determined to do regardless of all consequences.她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。

681、regret v./n.遗憾，懊悔，抱歉

You want it badly enough you’ll do it regardless of any guilt or deep regret.你如此迫切地想得到它，就会不顾内疚、没有任何歉意地去做这件事。682、region n.地区，区域； 范围

I guess there are much less people in the Arctic regions than here.我想北极地区的人要比这里的少得多。683、register n./v.登记，注册； He registered the birth of his child.他登记了孩子的出生日期。

684、relate v.叙述，讲述； 使互相关联

2.学位英语词汇题解析 篇二

1 西方茶文化的产生与发展

1.1 欧洲大陆茶文化的产生与发展

中国的茶向欧洲大陆的传播最早可以追溯到元朝。1299年,意大利人马可·波罗根据自己在中国的亲身经历写出了《马可·波罗游记》一书。书中详细描绘了中国的传统文化,明确记载他回欧洲时从中国带回了瓷器、茶等物品。在明朝的时候,大部分欧洲人才知道中国有一种植物叫作“茶”。葡萄牙传教士克鲁斯(Gasparda Cruz)于1569年出版了欧洲第一部专门详细论述中国的书籍《广州记述》。这本书里显示,克鲁斯是将“cha”这个音带入欧洲的第一人[2]。比利时传教士尼古拉斯33年后出版了马太的记述,即《基督教马太神父的远征中国史》,此书最早被译成拉丁文在德国出版。后来陆续被翻译成多种文字在欧洲各国出版,再一次大范围地让欧洲人了解了中国的饮茶文化[3]。

然而真正促使西方茶文化产生的是荷兰人。早在17世纪初,荷兰商人开始从中国厦门大量装运茶叶辗转运到欧洲,掀开了欧洲上流社会的饮茶之风。17世纪中叶茶叶的价格非常昂贵,只有荷兰的贵族和东印度公司里的达官贵人才享用得起,那时茶已成为荷兰上流贵族社会最喜爱的饮料。后来随着荷兰海上贸易的繁荣,茶叶的输入量增多,饮茶之风才逐渐普及到平时社会中。茶叶也由原来的仅能在药房销售开始转变为在普通食品店里也有销售,饮茶这时才成为荷兰全国流行的风尚。

1.2 英国文化的产生与发展

1630年,英国人从荷兰购买茶叶,茶便由此传入英国。促使英国茶文化发展的最为关键的人物是葡萄牙公主Catherine。1662年,英国国王王查理二世娶Catherine为妻,新的王后把家乡饮茶习俗带到了英国王室,使得品茶成为了英国皇室生活的一部分,茶会便成为了英国贵族阶层最流行的社交礼仪,这便是英国茶文化的起源。王后饮茶时的优雅举止引得王公贵族们竞相效仿。而真正使英国茶文化得到迅猛发展的则是女王安妮,是她首先把早餐中喝啤酒的习俗用饮茶代替,这对茶文化在英国发展起到了推动作用[4]。下午茶则源自于18世纪的一位贵族贝特福特·安娜[5]作为英国贵族中一员,安娜也非常喜爱饮茶,他觉得午餐与晚餐之间相隔太久,常感觉百无聊赖,于是开始习惯在下午5点左右饮茶,同时吃点糕点充饥。某天下午,她邀请一些朋友到家里聚会饮茶,并向朋友们提供饼干、三明冶等甜点。英国人早晨起床有早茶,到了上午11点,要喝11点便茶,吃午饭时喝杯奶茶,下午五点左右,有一个下午茶或茶歇,甚至晚餐后都要来一杯晚茶。英国人从来没有在自己国家的土地上种植过茶叶,但却用来自中国的茶叶丰富了他们自己的茶文化。

1.3 美国茶文化的产生与发展

17世纪末,美国人把茶叶运到自己的国家,在美国的移民中,品茶开始渐渐地流行起来。1690年,中国的红茶被运往波士顿出售。1700年,美国人们开始在饮茶时加入牛乳。1773年,为了解决大量茶叶的库存,英国国会通过茶叶税法,对运往美洲的茶叶加以重税,遭到美国人民的抵制,他们拒绝卸运茶叶。1784年,美国船队远涉重洋进入广州口岸,满载茶叶等物资回国。直接从中国进口茶叶的做法降低了茶叶成本,极大地推动了茶叶贸易的繁荣。随后,许多美国商人开始经营茶叶生意,一些商人由茶商变转变为银行家,成为美国社会的经济支柱。今天在美国绝大多数地区,“茶”主要指的是冰茶,确切的说是甜冰茶,即加入了柠檬的甜冰茶。在美国,不管是在沸水中冲泡的茶,还是速溶茶或者灌装或茶水,美国人都习惯于把这些茶放入冰冷柜中冷却成冰茶,要喝的时候拿出来加一些牛奶、柠檬、果汁等。这样做出来的冰茶可以说是苦中有甜,甜中有苦,既解渴,又能补充体力,成为美国青年一代最受喜爱的饮品。

2 英语中“tea”的内涵

2.1“tea”在英语里的发音

早在16世纪初,茶就从中国传入欧洲,茶的发音也为欧洲人模仿。在英语中,“tea”主要源自于福建方言。根据《牛津英汉大词典》的记载,1601年,荷兰人把茶叶和福建厦门人关于茶的发音带到欧洲[6]。荷兰人从厦门运出茶叶,并学会了厦门话关于茶的发音“Te”,欧洲大多数国家都是最先从荷兰购买茶叶,所以他们也都沿用了“Te”这个发音。在英国,“Te”最初读[tei],后来根据字母e的发音,把“Te”读成[ti:],拼写也由te改为tea,将其英语化。在葡萄牙,“cha”的读音源自于《广州记述》中对中国的茶的介绍。那时,葡萄牙在澳门设有港口,澳门距离广东较近,因此他们根据广东话把茶叶称作“cha”。至今葡萄牙人依然把茶称为“cha”。

2.2 英语中“tea”的概念

在汉语里,“茶”的概念主要有两种含义:一是指“茶树,绿色灌木,其嫩叶采摘后可加工为茶叶”,二是指“用茶叶沏成的饮料,也指某些饮料的名称”。英语中“tea”的概念形成之后,概念意义得到了扩展、转义以及词性的变化,但其本质概念和汉语一致。“tea”主要是指“茶叶”,“茶树”、“茶叶沏成的饮料”,也可指喝的“茶”和没有茶叶的“饮料”、“茶点”。有些学者把下午茶也称为“tea”。此外,“tea”除了常用作名词,也可作作动词,意思是“喝茶”、“吃茶点”或“给某人泡茶”、“用茶招待客人”。

2.3 英语中与“tea”相关的词汇

在英语中,与“tea”构成的词组非常多。比较常见的有:teacup(茶杯),tea house(茶馆、茶楼、teacaddy(茶盒)、teaboard(茶盘),teacake(茶点)、tea table(茶几)teabaske(t午餐食品)、tea se(t茶具)、teafight和teaparty(茶会、茶话会)、tea lea(f茶叶)、teadance(傍晚有茶点的舞会),teagarden(有茶室的公园)、tearoom(茶室)、teapo(t茶壶)、teaspoon(茶匙)、teatrolley(茶具车)等词汇。美国英语关于茶的表达有:teacake(一种小甜饼)、tea towe(l茶巾)、teabal(l滤茶球)、teaparty(吸大麻聚会)、teapad(大麻毒窟)、tearoom(同性恋会聚场所)、tea ceremony(茶道)teawagon(茶具车)、tea-stick(大麻杆)等。

2.4 英语中与“tea”相关的习语

英语中与“tea”相关的习语不算太多,但这些习语的含义简洁明了。茶在传入英国时,因为稀有,所以它犹如钻石般珍贵,和金银珠宝一样拥有良好的收藏价值。茶盒在平时通常会被锁起来,只有当贵客到访时才拿出来招待。因此,“all the tea in China”的意思就是拥有大量财富,现在英语里有“would not do something for all the tea in China”的习语,意思是“就算得到中国所有的茶叶,我也不会去做某事”,喻义“不管怎样,不管多高的报酬也不做某事”。18世纪,圣马力诺共和国发生了政变,哲学家孟德斯鸠用“as torm in a teacup”(茶杯中的风暴)这样的表达来形容这次政变。以后人们就把这个习语比喻为小题大做,大惊小怪的意思,比喻因为一件小事而引起巨大风波。

由于英国人特别爱喝茶,所以“a cup of tea”不仅可以指“一杯茶”,而且能被理解为“受人喜爱的东西”。当一个人觉得什么东西是他喜欢的或想要的,可以用“Tha(tit)is my cup of tea”来表达,当你不喜欢或厌恶一个人,可以形容他为“an unpleasant cup of tea”,如果我们说“take tea with somebody”,意思不是“与某人一起喝茶”,而是指“跟某人打交道”或“和某人某人发生冲突”。

摘要：英语中的“tea”一词源自于汉语。茶在16世纪由中国传到西方,从西方上流社会风靡的奢侈品到平民阶层喜爱的日常饮品。茶文化的融入也丰富了英语语言,英语词汇“tea”源于厦门方言,融入英语后,产生了大量的和茶相关的词汇,由“tea”引申的习语简单明了,寓意深刻,极大地丰富了英语语言。

关键词：茶,tea,茶文化

参考文献

[1]胡文仲,高一虹.外语教学与文化[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1997:93.

[2、3]张雅秀,孙云.西方茶文化溯源[J].农业考古,2004(2):327-333.

[4]李亦桃,朱晓东.英语中“茶”话探微---兼议中国与英美茶文化的跨文化比较[J].农业考古,2007(6):211-213.

[5]周景洪.英国茶文化漫谈[J].武汉管理干部学院学报,2007(6):74-74.

3.小学英语词汇教学改进策略解析 篇三

【关键词】狭小英语 词汇教学 改进策略 解析

在小学英语教学过程中，英语教师对于词汇的教学效率普遍不高。词汇是英语学习中的重要组成部分，只有对于英语词汇的积累量达到一定的数值，使学生在英语学习中更加的顺利。随着新课标的实施，对于小学生的英语词汇的积累量也有了明确的规定。小学阶段的学生需要掌握600-700之间的单词量，50个左右的惯用语句，并且要求学生能够充分的理解单词的构成。为了适应社会的不断发展，我国已经将英语纳入到学生学习过程中的必修课程。小学阶段的学生对于英语的学习都处在初级阶段，而词汇的教学对于初级阶段的英语学习者是非常重要的的，英语教师们也清楚的了解词汇教学在小学英语教学中的重要性，所以，也在积极的改进英语词汇的教学策略。

一、小学英语教学词汇教学中存在的问题

1.学生对于英语词汇的学习兴趣不高。作为以汉语为母语中国学生来说，英语体系是一个完全不同的语言种类。所以，在进行英语学习的过程当中，学生都会产生一些心理障碍。所以，想要使学生更好地进行英语学习，首先需要突破学生心理方面的障碍。例如，可以利用汉语中a、o、e、等拼音在英语中的不同发音，容易在学生学习英语字母读音的过程中极易产生混淆，这样的现状使得学生记不住英文字母的发音。但是，有些英语教师在教学过程中，为了追赶教学进度，常常忽略学生对于字母读音的认知程度，导致学生在后续的课堂上，对于教师教授的知识更加迷茫，学习的兴趣下降。

2.学生对于英语单词发音不准。要想使学生的语言能力得到全面的发展，就要求英语教师在英语教学的过程中加强对英语单词读音的训练。现阶段，英语教师在实际教学过程中，对于学生的英语单词的读音并不是十分的重视，而且，英语课本中的音标存在着英美混杂的现象，这也造成学生在实际词汇学习中产生一定的困惑，在实际口语练习过程中不知道应该如何去读，对于学生英语口语能力的提升会产生一定的影响。

3.学生学习英语的效率低下。现阶段，人教版的小学英语教学是在三年级开始的，而且每周的课程只有一到两节，这样的现状使得学生在英语过程中，无法形成一定的语言环境，在课后也做不到对于英语知识的巩固学习。所以，学生家长为了能使学生的英语学习成绩更加良好，给学生报名了英语学习班。如此一来，虽然学生学习英语的时间有所增多，但是却无法带来好的学习效果，浪费学生的时间以及精力。

二、小学英语词汇教学的改进策略

1.趣味教学，激发学生的学习兴趣。对于小学阶段的学生来说，英语的学习主要凭借对于学习兴趣的高低。随着现阶段科学技术的不断发展，多媒体技术也逐渐的运用到了小学的课堂之上。所以，教师在进行英语词汇的教学过程中，可以利用多媒体技术进行教学，充分的激发学生的学习兴趣。

2.加强对于学生英语发音的训练。由于英语教师的的教学模式以及专业技巧等方面存在着差异，导致教师在进行教学的过程中口语也会存在着不同。所以，英语教师对于自身的口语能力也要进行不断的提升。在课间的时候，英语教师还可以播放一些英语词汇发音较为标准的英文歌曲，或者播放一小段英语动画，为学生创设一个好的学习英语词汇的环境，培养学生的英语语感。对于学生存在发音不标准的地方进行及时的纠正，锻炼学生正确发音。

3.提高学生学习英语词汇的学习效率。要想提高小学生的英语词汇学习效率，首先需要培养学生的学习兴趣。枯燥的课堂会使学生对于英语学习产生消极学习的心理。小学生天性活泼好动，可以利用学生这一性格特点来进行教学。在词汇教学过程中，设计一些与英语词汇有关的游戏，这样一来，学生对于英语学习的学习效率就会大大提高。而且，在教学过程中，英语教师还要教授学生学习英语词汇的方法，讲解英语词汇时，要充分联系词汇之间存在的关系；对于词汇的结构进行合理的分析，加深学生对于词汇的印象，使其能够准确的对词汇进行运用；教会学生在词汇学习中对于词汇规律的掌握，加强学生对于词汇的记忆。

三、结束语

对于小学阶段的学生来说，英语的学习是新奇而且陌生的。英语教师需要充分的利用学生的性格特点来进行英语词汇的教学。英语词汇在小学英语的教学过程中，拥有着重要的地位。它是英语学习的基础，只有在小学阶段掌握足够多的英语词汇，才能更好的进行英语的学习。虽然在小学阶段英语教学过程中存在着一些问题，但是随着教师在教学过程中不断的总结积累经验，这些问题也得到了相应的解决，使得小学英语词汇的教学质量逐步的提升，为小学生的全面发展打下了良好的基础。

参考文献：

[1]汪金霞.提高小学英语词汇教学的改进策略[J].赤子（上中旬），2015，04：193.

[2]刘建新.小学英语词汇教学改进策略研究[J].才智，2015，23： 167.

4.考博英语词汇题 篇四

A.in demand B.demande C.on demand D.demanding 30 I can’t understand how he can feel that his colleagues are always ready to denounce him.A.compliment B.criticize C.flatter D.challenge 31 Because of the bombing that killed six people, Washington has been urging the spokesman to______ terrorism more severely.A.charge B.censor C.blame D.denounce 32 The degree of downward slope of a beach depends o its composition of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface.A.sentiment B.sediment C.semester D.segment 33 Nobody at work is very happy, because last week’s sales figures were pretty _____.A.destroying B.depressing C.deceasing D.declining 34 I want to talk about all these points in_____ order of importance.A.declining

B.descending

C.plunging

D.falling

Sometimes a dictionary designates a noun as attributive, which means that it can be used to describe another noun or name its attributes.A.conveys

B.defines

C.indicates

D.explains

If you call the 911 emergency number, they will______ firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately.A.assign

B.detach

C.attach

D.dispatch 37 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog.We arrived at our______ almost two hours later.A.designation

B.destiny

C.destination

D.dignity

He was ______ to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.A.deduced

B.damped

C.diminished

D.destined

My grandmother has been ill for two months, so her health has______.A.deteriorated

B.diminished

C.dwindled

D.lessened

Smuggling is a ______ activity which might bring destruction to our economy;therefore, it must be banned.A.pertinent

B.fruitful

C.detrimental

D.casual

The Coriolis force causes all moving projectiles on Earth to be _____ from a straight line.A.distracted

B.deviated

C.intrigued

D.permeated 42 In ancient Egyptian paintings, royal figures were differentiated by making them several times larger than others.A.distinguished

B.estranged

C.deferred

D.enlarged

The ______ of the occasion was spoiled when she fell down the steps.A.privacy

B.dignity

C.morality

D.secrecy 44 Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live_____.A.subtly B.frugally C.explicitly D.cautiously 45 His wife says that he was more frugal in his youth than later years.A.listless B.robust C.thrifty D.gullible 46 To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.A.improve B.enhance C.guarantee D.gear 47 Desperation, hunger, thirst, and resentment all make it more likely that people will______ a more powerful figure who promised them help and/or salvation.A.be prone to B.give in to C.live up to D.put an end to 48 She ______ at the thought of being parted from her family for so long.A.suffered B.grieved C.discriminate D.scared 49 It______ me to see him in such a bad health.He was such an energetic and strong young man only several months ago.A.depressed B.upset C.harmed D.grieved 50 I’m surprised they are no longer on speaking terms.It’s not like either of them to bear a _______.A.grudge B.hatred C.disgust D.curse 51 Participants in the Shanghai Cooperation Forum______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A.cursed B.echoed C.bounced D.hailed 52 The snow_____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A.confused B.bewildered C.conversed D.hampered 53 The trucks _____ heavy goods from factories to the ports.A.pull B.haul C.drag D.push 54 Cigarette smoking is a great health _____ and may lead to fatal diseases.A.opposition B.protagonist C.fault D.hazard 55 The manager stubbornly_____ the section director from reducing his staff despite the failing business of the company.A.hindered B.adapted C.imposed D.permitted 56 It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _____ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A.prophecies B.transactions C.argument D.hindrances 57 Some birds______ when they look for animals to kill on the ground.A.hosed B.rolled C.hovered D.revolved 58 The full _____ of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years.A.affect B.impact C.action D.importance 59 The degree of economic growth is an ______ of the level of living.A.index B.advantage C.access D.aspect 60 The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A.induce B.abduct C.indulge D.lure 61 Since the package was______, the damage was paid for.A.ensured B.insured C.assured D.promised 62 The point at ______ at the meeting is whether they are to import the assembly line.A.argument B.controversy C.issue D.conflict 63 Lawyer have a terrible habit of using Latin and industry ______ to mystify people and themselves more valuable.A.inflections B.dialects C.accent D.jargon 64 As the cat lay asleep, dreaming her whiskers______.A.twitched B.twisted C.jerked D.jogged 65 The manager______ facts and figures to make it seem that the company was prosperous.A.beguiled B.besmirched C.juxtaposed D.juggled 66 The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a_______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.A.long B.forever C.lasting D.lively 67 His talent for music remained latent until his wife bought him a guitar.A.hidden B.sophisticated C.delicate D.profound 68 When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his _____ can be distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies C.platitudes D.analogies 69 Now the public has an unprecedented chance to peer over the shoulders of archaeologists and historians and get a firsthand look at the_____ of the Mongols and their Asian predecessors.A.legacy B.bequest C.converse D.miracle 70 The farmer put up iron fences around the flower______ garden neighbor’s sheep should break in.A.on condition that B.now that C.lest D.but 71 _____ any one should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.A.In order that B.Lest C.If D.Providing 72 After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground______ with papers, bottles and cans.A.scrubbed B.used C.littered D.dispersed 73 I don’t understand why people_____ such a beautiful garden with cans and bottles.A.located B.provided C.protected D.littered 74 Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in the______ bins provided.A.junk B.litter C.scrap D.deposit 75 Laura, who comes from a wealthy family, spends most of her time enjoying herself, but takes _____ pains with her lessons.A.little B.few C.a little D.a few 76 What he told me was a _____ of downright lies.A.load B.mob C.pack D.flock 77 A _____ refers to an animal that is born from its mother’s body, not from an egg, and drinks its mother’s milk as a baby.A.mammoth B.penguin C.mosquito D.mammal 78 He expected the House to pass the bill by a comfortable______.A.maple B.marble C.marsh D.margin 79 The tiger continued to ______ us by walking round and round our tent.A.trap B.transplant C.menace D.provoke 80 A______ of this approach is that the variables are visually presented in a style that can be understood by generalists and specialists alike.A.value B.merit C.factor D.worth 81 Americans are highly_____, and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others.A.moving B.mobile C.movable D.motional 82 The two psychologists had to modify the American Sign Language somewhat in order to accommodate the chimpanzees’ spontaneous gestures.A.change B.abort C.shorten D.enhance 83 The whole program is well designed, but some details need further _____by some experts.A.proofing B.modifying C.demonstrating D.polishing 84 A scientific law is liable at anytime to need_____, that is an eternal truth.A.modifying B.changing C.revising D.adjusting 85 The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas, greater enthusiasm, and higher staff_____.A.moral B.mortal C.morale D.mores 86 Another popular misconception is the _____ that great talent is usually highly specifiC.A.notion B.dilemma C.domain D.analogy 87 On behalf of my company, I am______ to you and your colleagues for your generous help.A.subjected B.inclined C.available D.obliged 88 They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic_____ that account.A.on B.by C.for D.with 89 The Barbie doll comes with a whole range of_______ that you can dress her in.A.outlooks B.outlines C.outskirts D.outfits 90 Such an _____act of hostility can only lead to war.A.overt B.episodic C.ample D.ultimate 91 Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would______, for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A.prevail B.preside C.perish D.persecute 92 There’s one girl at my school who everybody______ because she doesn’t wear what everybody else wears;they are horrible to her.A.picks out B.picks over C.picks on D.picks off 93 Players will be_____ against four others worldwide in a timed competition to answer trivia questions from the 1950s to present day.A.trifled B.wreathed C.instigated D.pitted 94 The criminal’s _____ for leniency was ignored by the jurors.A.protest B.demand C.plea D.defence 95 When the rent was due, the poor man______ for more time.A.pleaded B.squashed C.exerted D.cursed 96 The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had been ____ for more pocket money all the time.A.supposing B.pleading C.trailing D.devising 97 He told a story about his sister who was in a sad______ when she was ill and had no money.A.plight B.polarization C.plague D.pigment 98 In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe______ Europe into a great war.A.pitched B.imposed C.inserted D.plunged 99 In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe______ Europe into a bloody war.A.imposed B.plunged C.pitched D.inserted 100 It is not too late, but_____ action is needed.A.right B.urgent C.hurry D.prompt

5.学位英语词汇题解析 篇五

洛基英语，中

国

在线

英

语

教

育

领

导

品

牌 一、六级考试简介

大学英语六级考试（college english test，简称cet）同四级考试一样是由国家教育部高等教育司主持的全国性教学考试；考试的主要对象是根据教育大纲修完大学英语六级的大学本科生或研究生。大学英语六级考试以《大学英语教学大纲》为基础把整个大学英语课程分为六级，每级都有定量指标加以规定。其中一至四级为必修课，五至六级为选修课。

大学英语教学大纲规定六级考试对词汇的要求是记忆5500个单词以及由这些词构成的常用词组。在研究分析六级考试历年真题后，我们将六级词汇分为重点考查词汇和应知应会词汇。重点考查词汇是历次六级考试试题中出现频率较高的词（约550六级核心高频词在

3.所出的考题背景与日常生活息息相关；如：

①符合刚毕业工作学生的生活特点(所列单词均为历年考题中的主考词)lease payment commitment compensation expire mortgage installment rough estimate occupy scrape overlap

② 热爱打猎，喜欢看球，男女生的情感纠缠 flap revenge penalty deliberately sheer integrity 41.it seems somewhat ___________ to expect anyone to drive 3 hours just for a 20-minute meeting.a)eccentric b)impossible c)absurd d)unique

【解析】选c。期望别人开三个小时的车只为了参加二十分钟会议的想法有点荒谬。本题考察形容词辨析。eccentric“古怪的”，impossible“不可能的”，absurd“荒谬的”，unique“唯一的”。

42.this area of the park has been specially __________ for children, but accompanying adults are also welcome.a)inaugurated b)designated c)entitled d)delegated

【解析】选b。公园里的这块地方是专门为孩子们设计的，不过陪同孩子的成年人也受欢迎。本题考察动词词义辨析。inaugurate“举行就职（开幕）典礼”，designate“指定，指派”，entitle“授权，取名”，一般构成搭配：entitle sb to do sth“使某人有权利干某事”。delegate“委托„„作代表”。

43.the girl’s face __________ with embarrassment during the interview when she couldn’t answer the tough question.a)beamed b)dazzled c)radiated d)flushed

【解析】选d。这个女孩在面试的时候回答不出那个困难的问题，因为尴尬她脸红了。本题考察动词词义辨析。beam“照射，露出喜色”，dazzle“使惊讶，使耀眼”，radiate“辐射”，flush“脸红”。

44.slavery was __________ in canada in 1833, and canadian authorities encouraged the slaves, who escaped from america, to settle on its vast virgin land a)diluted b)dissipated c)abolished d)resigned

【解析】选c。1833年奴隶制在加拿大被废除，加拿大政府鼓励那些从美国逃脱出来的奴隶在它广阔的未被开垦的土地上定居。本题考察动词词义辨析，dilute“稀释”，dissipate“驱散，浪费”，abolish“废除（法律，习俗等）”，resign“辞职“。

45.unfortunately, the new edition of dictionary is __________ in all major bookshops.a)out of reach b)out of stock c)out of business d)out of season

【解析】选b。很不幸运，这个新版的词典在各大书店都脱销了。本题考察介词短语的辨析，out of reach“够不着”，out of stock“脱销”，out of business“破产”，out of season“过时”。

46.the hands on my alarm clock are __________, so i can see what time it is in the 在线学英语 体验请申请：

dark.a)exotic b)gorgeous c)luminous d)spectacular 【解析】选c。我的闹钟的指针是带夜光的，所以在黑暗中我也能看到时间。本题考察的是形容词的词义辨析。exotic“外来的”，gorgeous“灿烂的”，luminous“夜光的，发光的”，spectacular“引人入胜的, 壮观的”。

47.psychologists have done extensive studies on how well patients __________ with doctors’ orders.a)comply b)correspond c)interfere d)interact

【解析】选a。心理学家们针对病人在多大程度上听从医嘱做了大量研究。本题考察的是动词与介词搭配的问题，comply with“遵守，照做”，correspond with“与„„联系”，interfere with“干涉，阻碍”，interaction with “与...相合”。

48.in today’s class, the students were asked to __their mistakes on the exam paper and put in their possible corrections.a)cancel b)omit c)extinguish d)erase

【解析】选d。在今天的课上，学生们被要求擦去试卷上的错误答案并填上改正后的答案。本题考察的动词词义的辨析，cancel“取消”，omit“省略”，extinguish“熄灭，灭绝”，erase“擦去”。

49.the government’s policies will come under close __ in the weeks before the election.a)appreciation b)specification c)scrutiny d)apprehension

【解析】选c。在选举之前的几个星期，政府的政策将受到仔细的检查监督。本题考察的是名词词义的辨析，appreciation“感激，欣赏”，specification“规格，说明书”, scrutiny“详细审查”，apprehension“理解，拘捕”。

50.police and villagers unanimously __the forest fire to thunder and lightning.a)ascribed b)approached c)confirmed d)confined

【解析】选a。警察和村民一致认为森林火灾是由闪电引起的。本题考察的是动词搭配问题。ascribe to “把„„归因于”。approach“接近”，confirm “确认，证实”51.in some remote places there are still very poor people who can’t afford to live in __conditions.a)gracious b)decent c)honorable d)positive

【解析】选b。在一些偏远的地方还有很多穷人过不上象样的日子。本题考察形容词的词义辨析，gracious“亲切的，和蔼的”，decent“象样的，得体的”，honorable“光荣的”，positive “肯定的，积极的”。

52.since our knowledge is __ none of us can exclude the possibility of being wrong.a)controlled b)restrained c)finite d)delicate

【解析】选c。我们掌握的知识是有限的，所以没有人能排除犯错误的可能性。本题考察的是形容词词义的辨析，controlled“受约束的”，restrained“受限制的”，在线学英语 体验请申请：

finite“有限的”，delicate“精致的，脆弱的”。

53.you shouldn’t __your father’s instructions.anyway he is an experienced teacher.a)deduce b)deliberate c)defy d)denounce

【解析】选c。你不应该公然反抗你父亲的指导，毕竟他是一个有经验的教师。deduce“推论，演绎”，deliberate“深思熟虑的, 故意的”，defy “公然反抗”，denounce“谴责”。

54.the company management attempted to __information that was not favorable to them, but it was all in vain.a)suppress b)supplement c)concentrate d)plug

【解析】选a。这家公司试图去禁止不利于它的信息的发表，这样做根本是徒劳的。本题考察的是动词词义的辨析，suppress“禁止„的发表，镇压”，supplement“补充”，concentrate“集中，浓缩”，plug“差上，堵”。

55.it is my hope that everyone in this class should __ their errors before it is too late.a)refute b)exclude c)expel d)rectify

【解析】选d。我希望我们班里的每一个人都能够及时的改正自己的错误。本题考察的是动词词义的辨析，refute“反驳”，exclude“排除”，expel“驱逐, 开除”，rectify “纠正”。

56.the boy’s foolish question __his mother who was busy with housework and had no interest in talking.a)intrigued b)fascinated c)irritated d)stimulated

【解析】选c。男孩子愚蠢的问题激怒了他的妈妈，妈妈正忙于家务根本没有兴趣讲话。本题考察的是动词词义的辨析。intrigue“激起„„的兴趣”，fascinate“使入迷”，irritate“激怒”，stimulate“刺激”。

57.millions of people around the world have some type of physical, mental, or emotional __ that severely limits their abilities to manage their daily activities.a)scandal b)misfortune c)deficit d)handicap 【解析】选d。世界上有数百万人患有某种类型的肢体、精神或者情绪上的障碍；这严重限制了他们自己应付日常生活的能力。本题考察名词词义的辨析，scandal“丑闻”，misfortune“不幸”，deficit“赤字”，handicap“障碍”。

58.it is believed that the feeding patterns parents __ on their children can determine their adolescent and adult eating habits.a)compel b)impose c)evoke d)necessitate

【解析】选b。人们相信，孩子们小时父母强加给他们的喂食模式，能够决定他们青少年和成年时期的饮食习惯。本题考察的是动词词义的辨析，compel“强迫”，impose sth on sb“把„„.强加于某人”，evoke“引起”，necessitate“成为必要”。，confine“限制”。

59.if the value-added tax were done away with, it would act as a __ to consumption.在线学英语 体验请申请：

a)progression b)prime c)stability d)stimulus

【解析】选d。如果(商品)增值税被废除，它可以扮演刺激消费的角色。本题考察的是名词词义的辨析，progression“行进”，prime“最初，青春”，stability“能力”，stimulus“刺激”。

60.the bride and groom promised to __ each other through sickness and health.a)nourish b)nominate c)roster d)cherish

【解析】选d。新娘新郎承诺不管生病还是健康都会相互珍爱。本题考察的是动词词义的辨析，nourish“滋养，使健壮”，nominate“提名，推荐”，roster“上花名册”，cherish“诊视”。

61.they’re going to build a big office block on that __ piece of land.a)void b)vacant c)blank d)shallow

【解析】选b。他们打算在那块空地建一个大的办公区域。本题考察的是同义形容词的辨析，void“空旷，空虚，强调完全空无的，空无一人的”，vacant“空缺的，未被占有者的，未被使用的”，blank“空白的”，shallow“肤浅的”。

62.without any hesitation, she took off her shoes, __up her skirt and splashed across the stream.a)tucked b)revolved c)twisted d)curled

【解析】选a。她没有任何犹豫，脱下鞋子，折起裙子，淌水穿过了小溪。本题考察的是动词词义的辨析，tuck “折短，卷起”，revolve“旋转”，twist“扭曲, 缠绕”，curl“使（头发等）卷曲”。

63.very few people could understand his lecture because the subject was very __.a)faint b)obscure c)gloomy d)indefinite 【解析】选b。几乎没有人能够理解这次讲座，因为他讲座的主题非常晦涩难懂。本题考察的是形容词词义的辨析，faint“衰弱的, 软弱的”，obscure“难懂的，模糊的，晦涩的”，gloomy“黑暗的，阴郁的”，indefinite“含糊的，不确定的”。

64.professor smith explained the movement of light__ that of water.a)by analogy with b)by virtue of c)in line with d)in terms of

【解析】选a。史密斯教授通过类比水的运动来解释光的运动。本题考察的是介词短语的辨析，by analogy with“通过和„„类比”，by virtue of“依靠”，in line with“和„„一致”，in terms of“根据”。

65.tom is bankrupt now.he is desperate because all his efforts __ failure.a)tumbled to b)hinged upon c)inflicted on d)culminated in

【解析】选d。汤姆现在破产了。他陷入了绝望，因为他的所有努力最终都白费了。本题考察的是动词短语的辨析，tumble to“恍然大悟”，hinge on“靠...转动, 以...为转移”，inflict on“使...受痛苦”，culminate in “最终”。

66.while fashion is thought of usually __ clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain.在线学英语 体验请申请：

a)in relation to b)in proportion to c)by means of d)on behalf of

【解析】选a。时尚通常被认为和服装有关，然而认识到时尚包含诸多因素是很重要的。本题考察介词短语的辨析，in relation to“和„„.有关”，in proportion to“与...成比例”，by means of“通过„„方法”，on behalf of“代表”。67.the meaning of the sentence is __;you can interpret it in several ways.a)skeptical b)intelligible c)ambiguous d)exclusive 【解析】选c。这个句子的意思是不明确的，你可以用几种不同的方式来解释它。本题考察的是形容词词义的辨析，skeptical“怀疑性的”，intelligible“可理解的”，ambiguous“不明确的”，exclusive“排他的，独占的”。

68.cancer is a group of diseases in which there is uncontrolled and disordered growth of __ cells.a)irrelevant b)inferior c)controversial d)abnormal

【解析】选d。癌症是这样一组疾病：非正常细胞不受控制地紊乱生长。本题考察的是形容词词义的辨析，irrelevant“不相关的”，inferior“劣等的，下级的”，controversial “争议的”，abnormal “不正常的，变态的”。

69.at that time, the economy was still undergoing a __,and job offers were hard to get.a)concession b)supervision c)recession d)deviation

【解析】选c。在那个时候经济还是处于萧条中，很难找到工作机会。本题考察名词词义的辨析，concession“让步”，supervision“监督，管理”，recession“经济萧条”，deviation“背离”。

70.i could hear nothing but the roar of the airplane engines which __all other sounds.a)overturned b)drowned c)deafened d)smoothed

【解析】选b。我听不到任何其他声音，飞机发动机的轰鸣声淹没了它们。本题考察的是动词词义的辨析，overturn“推翻, 颠倒”，drown“淹没”，deafen“使聋”，smooth“使光滑，使优雅”。

“成千上万人疯狂下载。。。

更多价值连城的绝密英语学习资料，洛基内部秘密英语，技巧，策略

请在 网上 申请报名”

6.商务英语BEC高级词汇解析 篇六

e.g. These points for discussion are indicated by bullet points.

这些讨论要点由“弹头”圆点标明。

2. business concept 经营理念

e.g. This business concept has proved over the years to be extremely popular with British and international tourists alike.

多年来实践证明，这种经营理念得到英国及外国游客的普遍欢迎。

3. business district 商务地段，商务区(指写字楼、办公场所、银行、商店集中的区域或地段)，亦作commercial district, commercial area, corporate business area

e.g. The hotel is only a five-minute walk from the business and shopping districts.

本饭店步行仅5分钟即可到达商务购物区

4. business class (飞机、车、船等的)公务舱，头等舱，亦作first class，与条件稍次、票价较低的economy class(经济舱)相对

e.g. The small airline has beaten the huge Royal Dutch KLM airline, and other national state air companies, to win the title of Europe’s best usiness class service.

那家小型航空公司击败强手英国皇家荷兰航空公司及其他豪华航空公司，荣获欧洲商务舱服务的称号。

5. business-format franchising 经营模式特许权(特许授予者向特许经营者提供一个完整的经营模式，其中包括商标的使用、提供销售的商品或服务，经营手法、品质控制、市场策划、选择经营地点及其他必要的服务等，较显著的例子是麦当劳餐厅)

6. business hours 营业时间、办公时间

e.g. Normal business hours are between 9 am and 5 pm.

7.高考英语中省略题的解析 篇七

一、考查简单句中的省略

此考点考查简单句中句子成分的省略,如主语、谓语、宾语和主谓语。

省略主语常出现在祈使句中,其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。例如:

(1) Thank you for your help.(括号内为省略的内容,下同)

(I) See you tomorrow.

(It) Doesn’t matter.

省略主谓语(或谓语的一部分)后,通常只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。例如:

(I’m) Afraid I can’t come.

(Have you) Got any ink?

[试题链接]—It’s a long time since I saw my sister.

—＿＿＿＿＿＿her this weekend?(2007年全国卷Ⅰ)

A.Why not visit B.Why not to visit

C.Why not visiting D.Why don’t visit

[解析]答案为A。本题考查省略主谓语,这里why not visit=why didn’t you visit,这种既注重基础又兼顾生活交际的试题,其实多数学生感觉很容易,能得出正确答案。

二、考查宾语从句中的省略

宾语从句中的省略情况有两种。第一是为了避免重复,省略宾语从句;第二是在以that引导的宾语从句中,可省略引导词that。但在含有两个that引导的宾语从句中第一个that可省略,第二个that不能省略。例如:

Tom has gone home,but I don’t know why (he has gone home).(省略宾语从句)

I heard (that) he had gone abroad.(省略宾语从句的引导词that)

【试题链接】The report says the Internet is developing rapidly,and＿the world’s information superhighway is already beginning to take shape.(2010年福建联考卷)

A.why B.that C.when D.where

【解析】答案为B。该题考查that引导的并列宾语从句,says后并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句即使省略了第一个that,第二个that可不能省略。

此外,若省略了整个从句或从句的一部分时,常用so或not(切不可用it或that)代替。例如:

——Is he coming back tonight?

——I think so.

——I think so.Is he feeling better today?

——I think so.I’m afraid not.

这种用法常见的有“Is that so?”“I hope so”“He said so”以及“I suppose not”“I believed not”“I hope not”等。(但“I don’t think so”比“I think not”更常用)

【试题链接】—What’s the noise?It sounds as if it comes from upstairs.

—＿＿＿＿＿.It must be the window-cleanerworking,next door.(2010年陕西卷)

A.I’m not sure B.I hope not

C.I’d rather not D.I don’t think so

[解析]答案为D。本题考查宾语从句的省略,答语省略了从句,用so代替,若补全:I don’t think the noise comes from upstairs.

三、考查状语从句中的省略

此考点考查状语从句中省略主谓语的情况,在由when,while,as,once,whenever引导的时间状语从句,由if,unless引导的条件状语从句,由though,although,even if,even though引导的让步状语从句,由as though as if,as引导的方式状语从句,由because引导的原因状语从句,由wherever引导的地点状语从句中,若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同,且在谓语中含有be动词时,常省略从句的主语和be动词。例如:

When (she was) asked she didn’t answer a word.

We may try again when (it is) necessary.

【试题链接】The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if＿＿＿＿＿＿regularly,can improve our health.(2010年浙江卷)

A.being carried out B.carrying out

C.carried out D.to carry out

[解析]答案为C。本题考查if条件状语从句中的省略情况。句子的主语是the experiment,谓语动词是shows,that引导宾语从句。宾语从句的主干是:proper amounts of exercise can improve our health,if＿＿＿＿＿＿regularly是插入的条件状语从句,从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise,此时应用it代替前面提到的主语,条件状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,并且含有is,故省略了it is,其完整形式是:if it is carried out。句意为:这项实验表明,适当的运动,如果有规律地进行,能够有助于我们的身体健康。

另外,在条件状语从句中,当主句和从句内容相同时,可省略从句,常用so或not代替,即if so或if not。

【试题链接】Some of you may have finished Unit One.＿＿＿＿＿＿,youcangoontoUnitTwo.(2009年江西卷)

A.If you may B.If you do

C.If not D.If so

[解析]答案为D。考查状语从句中的省略。“If so”代替“If you have done so”.

四、考查定语从句中的省略

此考点考查限定性定语从句中省略的三种情况。第一是当先行词在从句中作宾语时可以省略关系代词that,which或whom;第二是在以the same…as和such…as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;第三是the way后面的定语从句中,可以省略that或in which。例如:

Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(先行词在从句中作宾语,省略关系代词)

What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.(the way后定语从句省略引导词)

【试题链接】—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

—Yes,there’s one point＿＿＿＿＿＿we must insist on.(2006年江西卷)

A.why B.where C.how D./

[解析]答案为D。先行词point在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词that省略。

五、考查并列句中的省略

在并列句中,如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分,为避免重复,可将相同的这一部分省略掉。例如:

He teaches English and his brother maths.(省略相同的谓语动词teaches)

We have been waiting for her to come back tosee us,but (we have been waiting) in vain.(省略了与前面分句中相同的成分主谓语)

【试题链接】He has made a lot of films,but＿＿＿＿＿＿good ones.(2007年北京卷)

A.any B.some C.few D.many

[解析]答案为C。省略了but后并列分句的主谓语hehasmade。

六、考查不定式符号to的省略

不定式的省略有以下几种情况。

1. 并列的不定式可省去后面的to。例如:

I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.

2. 前有do,后无to。

(1)介词but前若有动词do,后面to do中的to省略。例如:

The boy has nothing to do but play.

(2)用is连接,不定式做表语时前面主语中有do时后面表语to do的to常省略。例如:

What I want to do is help you to study.

3. 感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时,往往将不定式符号to省略。例如:

I don't like milk,but mother made me drink it.

[试题链接]一Excuse me sir,where is Room301?

一Just a minute.I’ll have Bob＿＿＿＿＿＿you to your room.(2007年北京卷)

A.show B.shows

C.to show D.showing

[解析]答案为A。考查have后不定式宾补中to的省略。

七、考查虚拟语气中的省略

高考对虚拟语气中省略的情况主要从以下两方面考查。

1. 考查在if引导的虚拟条件句中,若省略了连词if,则直接把were,had或should放在句首,句子其余成分的顺序不变。

[试题链接]＿＿＿＿＿＿fired,your health careand other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(2006年湖北卷)

A.Would you be

B.Should you be

C.Will have been working

D.Had worked

[解析]答案为B。句意为:如果你被解雇,你的医疗保障和其他利益不会立即停掉。与将来事实相反,相当于if you should be fired。

2. 考查在表示“坚持、要求、命令、建议”之类的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”形式,should可省略。这样的动词有:一个“坚持”-insist;两个“命令”——order,command;三个“建议”-suggest,advise,propose;四个“要求”——demand,request,require,urge。

【试题链接】The woman boss told the customerthat it was none of her business and ordered that he＿＿＿＿＿＿away at once.(2010年浙江联考题)

A.went B.go C.goes D.going

8.考研英语阅读题型解析之态度题 篇八

题型特征

考研英语阅读题目的命题者在具体命题时，为了考查考生是否读懂文章，能否理解作者的意图、观点或态度，会针对整篇文章或某个语言点中的“态度”出题，这就是态度题。态度题有一个明显的特征：题干中一般都会出现一个表示态度的关键词，如attitude、opinion、believe、deem等。其命题模式通常有以下几种：

① According to the author, …

② In the author’s opinion, …

③ What is the author’s opinion/idea about ...

④ The author thinks/believes/suggests/deems/asserts that …

⑤ In the author’s eyes, ...

⑥ What’s the author’s attitude towards …

⑦ The author’s attitude towards ... might be summarized as/seems to be …

⑧ From the text we can conclude that the author …

解题思路

认识了态度题的题型特点，那么考生该如何解答这一题型呢？首先，考生应该从掌握表示态度的词汇入手，这些词经常出现在考研英语阅读的文章和题目选项中，是考生做好态度题的必备词汇。其次，考生要了解作者表达态度的三种方式，并能够根据这些方式判断作者的态度。作者表达态度的三种方式通常如下：①通过词汇表达；②通过句子中的肯定或否定形式表达；③通过例证的方式阐述。

1.掌握表示态度的词汇

对于任何事物或者社会现象，人的态度只有三种：正面(积极的)态度、负面(消极的)态度、中立态度。在考研英语阅读的文章和题目选项中，经常出现一些表示态度的词汇，这些词通常为形容词、名词或动词。下面笔者按照上面列举的三类态度，将考生需掌握的常考词汇总结如下：

(1) 正面态度(positive)

approve/approval (赞成)、optimistic (乐观的)、support/supportive (支持)、consent (同意)、satisfied (满意)、sympathy (同情)、favor (赞成)、helpful (有帮助的)、admiring (羡慕的)、interesting (有趣的)、unbiased (没有偏见的)、confident (自信的)、impressive (给人印象深刻的)等。

(2)负面态度(negative)

oppose/opposition (反对)、skeptical/suspicious/doubtful (怀疑的)、gloomy (忧郁的)、worry/concerned/apprehensive (忧虑的)、disgusting (令人厌恶的)、critical (批评的)、negative (否定的)、intolerable (不能忍受的)、disappointed (失望的)、subjective (主观的)、biased (有偏见的)、pessimistic (悲观的)、hostile (敌对的)等。

(3)中立态度(neutral)

objective (客观的)、impartial (公正的)、detached (超然的)、apathetic (无动于衷的)、 impersonal (不带个人色彩的)等。

2.判断作者的态度

对于考生而言，掌握各种表示态度的词汇并不难，难点在于如何在紧凑的考试时间内和紧张的考试环境下，准确把握作者所持的态度。在考研英语阅读文章中，作者可能不会运用上述表示态度的词汇鲜明地提出观点，而是将自己的态度隐含在字里行间，通过所用词语的褒贬、句子的肯定或否定形式以及例证的方式来阐述。在这种情况下，考生就要通过词、句和例子来判断作者的态度。那么具体该如何进行判断呢？下面笔者就对这三个判断依据逐一进行分析。

(1)通过词的褒贬判断

当作者没有在文中明确表达自己的态度时，考生要学会根据作者用词的褒贬去判断其态度。作者在写文章时，通常会在字里行间流露出一些带有褒贬感情色彩的词，这些词往往是以形容词、副词、动词或名词的形式出现，具体如下。

①形容词：有些形容词本身就具有鲜明的感情色彩，所以考生可根据作者所使用形容词的褒贬色彩来判断作者的态度。考生要注意的是，英语中有些近义词所表达的感情色彩是不一样的，例如extra与excessive作形容词时都有“过多的，额外的”之意，但两者的内涵其实是不同的。Extra一词的英文释义为“in addition to the usual or expected amount”，从意思上判断，Extra是一个不含感情色彩的中性词，例如我们常见的表达“extra pay for extra work”(多劳多得)。而excessive一词的英文释义为“greater than what seems reasonable or appropriate; extreme”，很明显，该释义中包含有“过多的”之意，蕴含一定的贬义色彩，例如常见的用法“excessive drinking”(酗酒)。

②副词：副词可以修饰动词、形容词以及整个句子，不同的副词修饰相同的内容时，其表达的态度会截然不同。例如“unwillingly accept it”与“cheerfully accept it”所表达的意思就完全不同，前者体现了作者负面(消极)的态度，而后者则体现了作者正面(积极)的态度。

③动词：英语中有很多动词带有一定的感情色彩，例如love和dislike两个极其简单的动词就能充分表达作者不同的态度。

④名词：表意相同或相似的名词，在褒贬色彩上可能不同，例如pressure与stress在作名词时都有“压力”之意，但它们也存在一些区别。我们平时常说的“blood pressure”(血压)或“everyone’s life is full of pressure”(每个人的生活都充满压力)中的pressure就不能用stress来替代，因为pressure在这里是中性词，没有表达褒贬色彩。在很多情况下，如果我们以积极的态度去面对pressure，那么pressure又可以转化为motivation，所以说有pressure并不一定是坏事。而stress一词的英文释义为“a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension and may be a factor in disease causation”(一种引起身体或精神紧张的物理、化学或情感因素，可能导致疾病)。考生若仔细体会这一释义，就可以发现stress带有一定的负面含义。

(2)通过句子的肯定或否定形式判断

考生还可以通过分析句子中的肯定或否定形式来判断作者的态度。我们来看几句话：

① I love her. (肯定形式)

② I don’t love her. (否定形式)

③ I don’t think that I love her. (否定形式)

④ There is little reason for me to love her. (否定形式)

通过以上的四句话，考生可以看出，肯定形式与否定形式的区别在于：否定形式中通常会使用not、little等具有否定概念的词，考生可通过这些词来推断作者的态度。上述列举的四句话都是简单句，而考研英语阅读文章是以长难句而著称的，所以考生要善于判断长难句中的肯定与否定形式，例如下面这句话：“I can hardly believe the fact that there is little reason why I am able to accept the truth that I can still be happy without her. ”作者就用“双重否定”的形式表达了自己肯定的态度。

真题演练

In 1950, the U.S. spent $7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.

I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s ... These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age....

Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives. (2003年考研英语阅读真题Text 4第三段至第五段)

58.The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of ________.

A. strong disapproval B. reserved consent

C. slight contempt D. enthusiastic support

解析：这篇文章主要议论的是随着医疗技术的发展，人们的寿命得以延长，人们越来越难接受死亡，经常将大量的费用投入到治疗那些毫无治愈希望的疾病中。第58题考查作者对Richard Lamm评论所持的态度。根据题干中的关键词Richard Lamm，考生迅速定位至原文第三段最后一句话：“Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm ‘have a duty to die and get out of the way’, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.” 这句话阐述了Richard的观点，但没有涉及作者的态度，接着读下文。原文第四段首句“I would not go that far.”中使用了带有否定形式的句式，表明作者“不会像Richard Lamm那么极端”，但此处作者的态度并不鲜明。接着作者又举了几个例子，说明老年人也可以活得有生气，为社会作贡献。有的考生看到这里后就选了A选项，认为作者极力反对Richard的观点。这就有些断章取义了。在原文第五段，作者用了yet一词笔锋一转，提出社会的花费是有限的，将过多的财力倾注在无法治愈的疾病上会削减其他更有意义的开支，所以作者希望人们接受新陈代谢的自然规律，这个观点在一定程度上与Richard的观点是一致的，此时可将正确答案圈定在选项B和D之间。再根据“I would not go that far.”可知作者并不是强烈支持Richard的观点，由此排除D选项，正确答案为B选项。

(3)通过作者所举的例证判断

很多时候，作者的态度并没有体现在“遣词造句”上，而是通过举一个例子，从侧面来影射自己的态度。对于这种情况，考生就要判断作者所举的例子是正面的还是反面的。通常情况下，正面的例子表示支持，反面的表示反对，一正一反表示中立。

真题演练

Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says. (1997年考研英语阅读真题Passage 1最后一段)

54. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.

A. opposition B. suspicion

C. approval D. indifference

解析：在这段中，作者通过肺癌患者Lloyd Nickson的事例，表达了自己对于 “安乐死”的态度。Lloyd Nickson表明自己并不害怕死亡，而是害怕死亡的方式，因为他曾看到病人痛苦的死亡过程。通过这一正面例子，作者想传达的意思是：安乐死可以让人消除对于痛苦死亡的恐惧，由此可见作者是支持安乐死的。所以这道题的正确答案为C选项。

猜题技巧

在解答态度题时，考生如果没有充足的时间来分析阅读文章，或是根本无法理解文章，那么可以运用一些技巧来猜测正确答案。笔者在以往的教学中总结了一些关于态度题的猜题技巧，在此与考生分享。

1.某些表示态度的词汇通常不是正确答案

通常情况下，以下表示态度的词汇基本不会是正确答案，考生在遇到这些词汇时，可优先排除。

①indifferent：漠不关心的。该词通常不会是正确答案。试想，如果作者对于所谈论的话题漠不关心，怎么可能会煞费苦心地写一篇四五百字的文章予以阐述呢？

②subjective：主观的。作者在写文章时，一般不会掺杂太多的主观色彩，因此当这个词出现在选项中，通常不会是正确答案。

③biased/partial/prejudiced：有偏见的。通常情况下，作者写文章都力求做到客观，所以作者对自己文章的内容不会存在偏见。

④puzzled/confused/perplexed：困惑的。议论文的观点必须是鲜明的，如果作者都很难在文章中表达清楚自己的观点，那这篇文章也就失去了意义。

2.相同态度一般是错误选项

通常情况下，若两个选项表示同一种态度，即同为正面态度或负面态度，那这两个选项一般是错误项。

真题演练

25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels _______. (2011年考研英语阅读真题)

A. doubtfulB. enthusiastic

C. confidentD. puzzled

解析：如果由于时间有限或水平所限，考生难以通过正常的解题思路解答该题时，便可以用以上讲到的两种技巧来猜题。根据解题技巧1，考生可首先排除D项。再来分析A、B、C三个选项，选项B (充满热情的)与选项C (有信心的)都是正面态度，一般情况下，不能同为正确答案，由此可以判断选项A为正确答案。

3.结合考研命题人的立意判断答案