高一化学下册教案

2024-07-06

高一化学下册教案（精选4篇）

1.高一化学下册教案篇一

人教版高一英语下册unit13教案-人教版高一英语下册-

2.高一下册《再别康桥》教案篇二

【教学目的】

1、引导学生感受康桥柔美秀丽的风光，体味作者对康桥依依惜别之情。

2、引导学生体味诗中的意象美。

3、当堂背诵全诗。

【教学重难点】

1、诗情的领悟是难点与教学的重点。

2、意象的把握与体味。

【教学设想】

以诵读为主，以课件贯穿始终，集音乐、画面、相片、朗诵等视听手段为一体，充分感受诗歌的优美境界。

【课时安排】

1课时。

【教学步骤】

一、导语(1～2分)

古人云：黯然销魂者唯别而已矣!所以在古人的作品中，既有“西出阳关无故人”的无奈，又有“天下谁人不识君”的豪迈，还有“相见时难别亦难”的苦涩，那么现代人是如何理解离别的呢?那么我们现在就来学习徐志摩的《再别康桥》，领略一下现代人笔下的别离之情!

(解释：康桥=剑桥=Gambriage)

然后问学生知道哪些世界名校，学生会说出哈佛大学、牛津大学、剑桥大学，播放大学图片。让学生指出剑桥大学，引出对徐志摩的介绍。

二、徐志摩个人资料(5分)

(课件介绍)

(简要情况──康桥情结，由此引出对《再别康桥》的示范朗诵。)

三、欣赏配乐朗读《再别康桥》，先让学生读，再用范读，学生能找出差距(5分)

四、朗读直至背诵全诗(配乐)(10分)

五、引导学生感受意象美(16分)

先引导学生把握诗中的意象(提问诗中的哪些景物给你留下了深刻的印象?再让他们说出这是为什么──有诗人的情感融入;再让学生分析这些意象分别融入了作者的哪些感情)

进而由教师总结出意象的含义──是融入了诗人主观情意的客观物象。

这些意象都是柔美而抒情的事物，浸透了作者对康河的永久的恋情。他甚至想永远留在这里“在康河的柔波里，我甘心做一条水草“全诗通过这些意象构筑了梦幻般的氛围，如一首小夜曲，让人如痴如醉。

(配合板书……)

六、课后小结(1分)

“作诗本乎情景，孤不自成，两不相背。……景乃诗之媒，情乃诗之胚：合而为诗以数言而统万形，元气浑成，其浩无涯矣。”

──(选自谢榛《四溟诗话》)

七、课后作业(1分)

1、每人写一首小诗，借景物抒发某种感情。

2、选学徐的其它诗歌。

八、结束语

《偶然》徐志摩。

高一下册《再别康桥》教案二

【教学目的】

1、理解作者的思想感情。

2、学会新诗的鉴赏方法。

3、学会朗读。

【教学重点】

1、诗人情感的把握。

2、学会朗读。

【教学方法】

诵读吟咏法，比较法，自我感悟法。

【课时安排】

1课时。

【教学过程】

一、导语

自古写离别之作可以说是数不胜数，大家比较熟悉的还记得有哪些诗词?如：骆宾王的《于易水送人一绝》：“此地别燕丹，壮士发冲冠。昔时人已没，今日水犹寒。”王勃的《送杜少府之任蜀州》：“与君离别意，同是宦游人。海内存知己，天涯若比邻。”王昌龄的《芙蓉楼送辛渐》：“寒雨连江夜入吴，平明送客楚山孤。洛阳亲友如相问，一片冰心在玉壶。”李白的《赠汪伦》：“李白乘舟将欲行，忽闻岸上踏歌声。桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情。”

如果我们把这些诗歌和徐志摩的这首诗一下，在送别的对象上有什么不一样呢?

一般离别诗离别的是人，这首诗离别的却不是人，是“西天的云彩”，告别对象由人间向自然景物转移，跳出了寒喧叮咛的俗套，给人清新飘逸之感。这也是徐志摩这首诗的亮点。

“轻轻的我走了，正如我轻轻的来”一首带有淡淡哀愁的离别诗牵动了多少文人学者的心。徐志摩，他就这样悄悄地来，又这样悄悄地走了。诗人志摩是怎样一个人呢?今天让我们一起走进《再别康桥》，走进诗人内心。

二、朗诵《再别康桥》

1、先叫一名学生朗读，点出生字生词：

河畔(pàn)青荇(xìng)长蒿(gāo)漫溯(sù)笙箫(xiāo)

载： zǎi 一年半载

zài 载歌载舞装载登载

斑斓(澜、阑)

2、老师配乐朗读。

3、学生自由读。

4、全班齐读。

三、介绍志摩其人及写作背景

徐志摩(1896～1931)，浙江海宁人，新月派的代表人物，作品有《志摩的诗》《猛虎集》《云游集》等。1918年赴美留学，1920年赴英国，就读于剑桥大学，攻读博士学位，其间徐志摩邂逅了林徽音，度过了一段美好的留学时光。

《再别康桥》这首诗，较为典型地表现了徐志摩诗歌的风格。诗歌记下了诗人1928年秋重到英国、再别康桥的情感体验，表现了一种含着淡淡忧愁的离情别绪。康桥，即剑桥，英国著名剑桥大学所在地。康桥的一切，早就给他留下了美好的印象，如今又要和它告别了，千缕柔情、万种感触涌上心头。康河的水，开启了诗人的性灵，唤醒了久蜇在他心中的激，于是便吟成了这首传世之作。

四、教师分章节赏析诗歌

方式：学生自己找出最喜欢的一句或一节诗歌，赏析，老师点拨并进行朗读指导。

第一节：

三个“轻轻地”：难舍难分,奠定全文基调，轻柔缠绵。

第二节：

新娘：对康桥的无限喜爱与眷恋。

艳影：不仅荡漾在水中,也荡漾在诗人心中。

第三节：

招摇：康桥对诗人的欢迎。

板书：

康桥互相依恋

甘心：诗人对康桥的依恋诗人。

第四节：

潭：拜伦潭。在康桥的上游,相传拜伦曾在那游玩。榆树浓阴覆盖着的清泉倒映着天上的彩虹,五彩斑斓,富有诗意。

第五节：

诗人似乎已经忘记他要离别了,情不自禁泛舟去寻“彩虹般的梦”,游玩到很晚才归来, 李清照也曾有诗句“兴尽晚回舟”,可见诗人非常快乐。归途中看见水波与星光交相辉映,诗人情不自禁放歌,可见诗人快乐到极点。

第六节：

想到要和康桥离别,诗人情绪低落下来,只能悄悄吹奏”别离的笙萧”,在沉默中体会离别的滋味。连康桥的夏虫也似乎感受到了离别的不舍，也为诗人的离去而沉默了。此时无声胜有声。

板书：

沉默康桥

第七节：

“悄悄地”表明诗人不愿也不舍破坏心爱的康桥的氛围和情境。

“不带走一片云彩”：诗人既不愿破坏康桥的完整，也写出了诗人的潇洒。

美丽康桥，让诗人情不自禁喜欢上它，也恰恰由于诗人心中充满爱意，康桥才在诗人眼里显得更加秀丽。以至诗人说出：“康河，我敢说，是世界上最秀丽的一条水。”(《我所知道的康桥》)

但尽管诗人非常喜欢康桥，他还是“不带走一片云彩”地走了，走得是既缠绵又潇洒。

板书：

再别康桥──缠绵而潇洒

五、从诗歌的意象入手赏析诗歌

诗歌离不开“意象”，那么什么叫“意象”呢?(以粉笔、板擦等为例)

意象=物+情(写入作品中的物与情的结合而形成意象)

1、作品中的“物”都是带有作者的思想感情的。“一切景语皆情语。”(清·王国维)

2、我们鉴赏诗歌，就可以从诗中的“景”、“物”入手，去分析作者的思想感情，进而揣摩作者的写作意图，即“旨”。物→情→旨。

云彩，金柳，柔波，青荇，青草，星辉等自然景物。这些物象(云彩等)寄托着诗人的感情，这种有着诗人感情的物象即是诗歌的意象。我们重点鉴赏“柳”这个意象。

“柳”不是一般的意象，古代的离别诗中经常出现“柳”这一意象，因“柳”与“留”谐音，来表达惜别之情。可见，以“柳”为意象，具有深厚的文化意味。

举例：昔我往矣，杨柳依依。今我来思，雨雪霏霏。(《诗经》)

渭城朝雨浥轻尘，客舍青青柳色新。(王维《送元二使安西》)

杨柳岸，晓风残月。(柳永《雨霖铃》)

六、从诗歌的形式入手赏析诗歌

《再别康桥》在形式上具有：绘画美，音乐美，建筑美。

七、感受音乐美

(先放配乐朗诵学生感悟，再分男女诵读，然后叫一个学生诵读)

八、结语

3.高一语文下册物种起源导言教案篇三

●教学目标

知识目标

1.掌握“琐屑、审慎、变异、遗传、趋向、札记、付印、断言”等词语。

2.了解达尔文及其进化论。

能力目标

1.筛选文章主要观点、概括要点,整体把握文意,感受科技说明文严密的逻辑性。

2.揣摩语言,体会科技说明文语言的简明性。

德育目标

学习达尔文坚持真理、尊重客观事实、谦虚审慎、严肃认真、深入细致的科学态度和锲而不舍、刻苦钻研的奋斗精神。

●教学重点

准确把握文章的重要信息,正确认识文章的科技内容。

●教学难点

激发学生对说明性文字阅读的兴趣。

●教学方法

1.讨论点拨法。课堂教学以讨论为主,但因本文专业性强,学习不太容易,教师酌情给予点拨引导。

2.情景教学法。通过多媒体设计,利用电视画面、图片激发学习兴趣,创设课堂氛围。

3.换位阅读法。教师虚拟情境,为纪念达尔文诞生190周年,出版社决定出版《物种起源》中文译本,要求学生根据本文提供的材料为本书写一篇序言。

●教具准备

多媒体、教学图片

●课时安排

2课时

●教学步骤

第一课时

[教学要点]

阅读课文,逐段概括大意,筛选关键信息,理清行文脉络,整体把握文意;仔细品读课文,学习作者的人格魅力。

[教学过程]

一、导语设计

大家一定记得恩格斯《在马克思墓前的讲话》一文中,把达尔文发现有机界的发展规律和马克思发现人类历史的发展规律相提并论。一百多年前,达尔文的思想改变了人们对世界的看法,一百多年来,这思想影响了一代又一代的人。作为跨世纪的新一代,你了解达尔文吗?你知道进化论吗?今天我们就一起来打开达尔文的进化论之门——《物种起源》导言。

二、解题

1.提问:请同学们谈谈什么是导言?

明确:“导言”即“绪论”也称“引言”,是学术论着或一篇文章开头的话。一般说明全书的主旨和内容及有关问题等,作出介绍、说明。这篇课文是科学论着的导言,以介绍研究和写作经历,说明发表原因,以表明自己的着作言必有据,没有妄下结论;然后说明自己研究的思路,阐述立论的根据,点出主要观点。并扼要介绍了《物种起源》一书的内容和联系。

2.介绍达尔文及其进化论。

多媒体出示图片和文字投影(情境创设),文字书写“纪念达尔文诞生190周年大会”,作为会场背景;投示出达尔文的画像,激发学生进入角色。

投影文字书写:“190年前,上帝按照特定的目的创造万物”的物种不变论像个幽灵盘旋在欧洲大陆的上空,愚弄着芸芸众生。就在这时候——1809年,英国一个医生的家庭里诞生了

一个当时谁也没过分注意的小生命——达尔文。但正是他,在1859年发表了举世震惊的《物种起源》,敲响了“物种不变”的丧钟,确立了被马克思称为“19世纪自然科学的三大发明”之一的生物进化论。今天,我们隆重集会,纪念他的190周年诞辰,纪念这位生物进化论学说的创始人。

我们该向他学习什么呢?相信同学们读了他的《物种起源》导言后会明白的。现在请同学们阅读课文,画出文中结论性的语句,理出文章结构,并用简洁的语言概括段意。

三、整体感知、理清思路

阅读全文后讨论、互相交流各自对文章结构和段意的理解,请一两位同学回答,其他同学补充、更正。

解说:通过阅读,整体感知文章,并初步筛选出文章的关键句;通过讨论交流,整体把握全文;通过简洁的段意概括,筛选关键语句准确表达。

四、具体研习课文1~7段,筛选关键语句

1.出示投影,阅读1~3段,回答问题。

(1)第1段文中的“那时候”指____1831 _________年,“现在”指____1859 _________年,“这个问题”指___物种起源问题_________。

(2)从第一段文字看,达尔文的科学研究经过了__四___________个阶段,它们是出洋考察阶段、撰写札记阶段、充实札记阶段、继续探讨阶段。

(3)作者介绍研究“物种起源”问题及写作《物种起源》一书的经过,目的何在?是使读者知道书中的结论不是自己“轻率”得出的,而是经过严肃认真的研究。

明确:D;作者从“远航”到“现在”,从“考察”到“研究”,从感性到理性,从纲要到全书,历经20多年,可以看出达尔文的严谨、审慎态度,长期刻苦钻研——对真理的追求坚持不懈、持之以恒的精神。

(4)筛选出能概括第1段主旨的中心句。

明确:“我之所以说明这些,是为了要表明我并没有轻率地下结论。”

(5)提问:第二段有哪两个方面说明《物种起源》要早日发表?

明确:一从主观方面说:《物种起源》作为进化论的绪论部分的研究工作“将近结束”;进化论的全部研究计划的完成需要更多岁月,由于体弱多病,要早日出版。二是从客观方面说:华莱斯写了关于生物进化的论文,迫使达尔文早日发表自己二十多年的研究成果。

(6)第2段的主旨句是什么?

明确:本书还是摘要的性质,未必完备。

2.请同学们速读4~7段,画出关键句。

提示:突出地体现文章的旨趣,标示文章的思路,显示文章的结构特点的句子是关键句。

从内容上看,中心句是关键句,集中揭示说明对象的特征或点示主要事理的语句。

从结构上看,总结句、总提句及重要的过渡句是关键句。总结句概括了文章的基本内容,总提句、过渡句显示出文章的说明内容的推进。

反复出现的文句是关键句。这是作者着力表达的观点,需要强调,同时也显示脉络层次。

根据提示明确:

第4段的关键句:“……生物的种,和变种一样,是由以前别的种演变而来,而不是分别创造出来的。”

“关于物种起源的问题……而不是分别创造出来的。”

第5段:“因此,我们对于生物变异及相互适应的原因和方法, 迫切地需要有个明确的了解。”

第4、6、7段都反复说:“生物的种,和变种一样,是由以前别的种演变而来”“大量的遗传的变异是可能的”“生物的种不是不变的”。

第7段:“我深信生物的种不是不变的;……我又确信自然选择作用,它虽然不是物种变异的唯一条件,也该是最重要的条件。”(这是总结进化论学说的基本观点)

五、欣赏、品味1~7段

提问:这篇文章1~7段主要说明了《物种起源》的写作经过和作者对物种起源问题的一些基本看法。透过说明的文字,即关键语句,我们可以看到达尔文怎样的一种精神和人格魅力?在文章中,找出能够体现这种精神的文字。

学生思考,并自由发言,集体交流。

学生甲:第1段的关键语句,从“远航”(1831)到“现在”(1859年),其间“深刻的印象”“耐心搜集”“整理研究”“专心思考”“又把这些札记加以充实”等等,一个正确的结论,从考察到研究,从感性到理性,从纲要到全书,历经二十多年,可以看出达尔文对待科学工作的严谨审慎的态度和长期刻苦钻研及对真理的追求,坚持不懈、持之以恒的精神。

第2段的关键句有“华莱斯先生,他对于物种起源问题所得到的”“一般结论,几乎和我们完全相同”(这是指英国的自然科学家,1858年他写了一篇关于生物进化的自然选择的科学论文寄给达尔文。达尔文于当年把自己的研究成果和华莱斯的论文同时在林奈学会的杂志上发表)可以看出达尔文实事求是的态度。

学生乙:第3段的关键句有指出书本的缺陷,“还是摘要的性质”;说明今后的打算,“详尽地刊出”,避免使别人“得到完全相反的结论”,反映出达尔文对理论着作严肃、审慎的态度及知之为知之,不知为不知的谦逊的精神。

第4段关键句有:“仍然难以令人满意”,表明作者决不轻率地做出结论的科学态度。

学生丙:第5段关键句有:“这类的研究,虽然常为一般博物学家所忽略,但是我却相信它的价值的重大。”说明作者注重亲身实践的科学态度。

第6段关键句有“很不幸”“不得不简略”,反映出不回避缺陷与不足的实事求是的态度。

学生丁:第7段,关键句有“毫不怀疑地断言创造论的错误”“我相信”“我深信”“我又确信”这些突出地说明了达尔文在科学研究工作中毫不动摇的信念和勇于坚持真理的精神。

教师根据学生发言板书:

长期考察实事求是谦逊审慎决不轻率亲自实践不避缺陷毫不动摇

教师总结: 从文字的表层意义的阐明深入到文字的深层含义的探究,从了解伟大的科学家的基本观点、理论深入到追求他的精神世界,人格魅力,可以看到达尔文尊重客观事实,深入细致,严肃认真的科学态度和刻苦钻研的精神。这是值得我们青少年借鉴、学习的地方。

六、多媒体播放简介有关达尔文创作《物种起源》的经过的片断,及简介《物种起源》的意义

了解、明确:关于生物界历史发展一般规律的学说,由英国博物学家达尔文所着《物种起源》一书,奠定了科学基础,对以后生物学上的成就和发展,意义重大,影响深远。

达尔文通过环球考察,搜集了大量有关动植物演变和发展的科学资料,指出生物进化的主导力量是自然选择,也就是遗传、变异和选择三种因素综合作用的过程。认为生物经常发生的细微的不定变异,通过累代的选择作用,适者生存,并逐渐累积有利的变异发展成新种。不适于外界环境条件的就被淘汰。他总结了用人工选择方法获得家畜和农作物新品种的实验成果,进一步论证了自然选择学说。进化论是人类对生物界认识的伟大成就,给形而上学、神造论和物种不变论以沉重的打击,在推动现代生物学的进展方面起了巨大作用。马克思和恩格斯对达尔文学说给予很高的评价,说《物种起源》是划时代的着作。

七、课堂小结

课文1~3段介绍《物种起源》的写作经过“耐心搜集”“整理研究”“专心思考”“并且作了一些札记”,为写成此书作好了准备,再经过两年的研究、充实,才于1844年“写成了当时我认为是正确的结论的纲要”。从这里可以看出达尔文对待科学工作严谨审慎的态度和刻苦钻研的精神。同时说明促成本书出版的原因及本书的性质、存在的缺陷以及今后的打算。从而可以看出达尔文对待科学研究和理论着作的实事求是和严肃审慎的态度。

八、布置作业

找出本文的主要内容集中在哪几段。筛选作者阐明的关于物种起源问题的两个主要观点,及研究家养动物和栽培植物的目的、意义及获得的认识的关键语句。

写好演讲稿:我为《物种起源》写导言。

示范教案一(《物种起源》导言第2课时)

[教学要点]

阅读4~7段,筛选观点,指导学生从获取信息的读者地位转换到输出信息的作者地位,根据多媒体特设情境,从课文筛选信息,再加工处理,从而拓展其表达能力。

[教学过程]

一、导语设计

达尔文环球旅行成为他一生事业的转折点,他由一个创造论、物种不变论者逐渐成为进化论者,旅行中成千上万的物种变异的事实教育了他,使他对创造论、物种不变论产生了怀疑,并冲破了神学教条的桎梏,摒弃了“上帝创造万物”“万物从来如此而且永远不变”等骗人的鬼话,研究生物进化,着述《物种起源》,成为进化论的创立者。那么他在《物种起源》导言中,集中谈了些什么观点呢?现在我们研习课文4~7段的内容。

二、快速阅读课文,回答问题

1.提问:《物种起源》导言主要内容集中在哪几段?筛选出作者阐明的关于物种起源问题的两个主要观点。

明确:主要内容集中在4、5、6、7段。

第4段介绍的主要观点是:“生物的种,和变种一样,是由以前别的种演变而来,而不是分别创造出来的。”

这个结论,是从“生物相互间的亲缘关系,它们的胚胎的关系,地理的分布以及地质期内出现的程序等等事实”推想出来的。作者没有满足于这个结论,因为它还不能说明地球上的无数生物,怎样经历变异而达到它们的极其完善的构造和相互适应。

解释:“生物相互间的亲缘关系”——各种生物都有共同的祖先,各种生物之间有不同程度的亲缘关系,即血缘关系。生物学里把生物分成门、纲、目、科、属、种(即物种)。所有的脊椎动物都有亲缘关系,但同一属的不同物种(如老虎和猫)的亲缘关系,比同一目的不同科(如

犬科)更密切。

“生物的胚胎关系”——属于同一基本类型的动物,不管成体、形态、构造,彼此差别多么大,如鱼、蛙、龟、鸡、猪、人,可是它们的早期胚胎很相似,这表明它们有共同的祖先。

“地球上的生物是有共同祖先的”,不同的物种是进化的,但它们是怎样经历变异而来的呢?换言之,生物进化的原因是什么呢?

一般的博物学家认为环境,如气候、食物等等是唯一可能引起变异的原因。达尔文认为,“这种说法,在某一狭隘意义上来说,可算是正确的,但是把生物进化、变异仅仅归因于外界的条件是不合理的”,达尔文用啄木鸟、槲寄生的事例来说明,引起生物进化变异,“条件”是重要的,“若和有机体本性比较,仅属次要地位”。

第5段主要观点在于作者说明了自己是怎样研究物种变异的原因的,他“从研究家养动物和栽培植物着手”“经常获得动物因家养而变异的知识。”

第6段主要观点是由家养变异得出的结论,说明生物之所以进化,其一,大量的,遗传的变异是可能的;其二,人类选种力量是伟大的。因为人工的选择“能使微小的变异逐渐积累起来”,能在不太长的时间里培养出新种来。

第7段作者总结性地介绍了《物种起源》的几个主要观点:(1)生物学方面还有些问题,如对我们周围许多生物的相互关系,对某种生物分布广而繁殖多,它的邻种却分布狭小而稀少等等,了解得很不够,知道得很少,需要继续研究,但是,根据现在生物学的“精细的研究和冷静的判断,可以毫不怀疑地断言”,“创造论”,即神创造是错误的。(2)达尔文申明“我深信生物的种不是不变的。”(3)指出自然选择是引起物种变异的最重要的条件。

以上三点(加点的文字)是作者阐明物种起源问题的主要观点。

2.提问:作者研究家养动物和栽培植物的目的是什么?

明确:我们对于生物变异及相互适应的原因和方法,迫切地需要有个明确的了解。

3.提问:作者研究家养动物和栽培植物的意义是什么?

明确:我经常获得动物因由家养而变异的知识,虽然还不够完备,但总可以为处理这个问题和其他一切复杂事件提供最良好最可靠的线索。

4.提问:作者从研究家养动物和栽培植物获得的两点认识是什么?

明确:大量的、遗传的变异是可能的;人类选种力量的伟大,能使微小的变异逐渐累积起来。

三、研习课文的语言特色,分小组讨论

讨论后代表发言,其他同学补充,要求有具体的例证。

明确:本文语言准确、严密(板书)

作者讲究选词、讲究用结构复杂的句式表达周密谨严的意思。例如:“1844年又把这些札记加以充实,写成当时我认为是正确的结论的纲要。”

“又”,说明作者没有满足已有的成绩,继续搜集资料。“当时”与“现在”相对而言,用“当时”,强调了当时达到的认识水平,二是现在认识又有所发展。

又如:“我虽然力求审慎,使一切能有正确的证据,但是错误的窜入,还是不可避免的。”

“窜入”用得准确而又生动,它说明了在这项科学研究的过程中,错误的出现很难避免。

又如:“我深信生物的种不是不变的。”

这个双重否定句用得很有表现力。第一,它加强了语气,肯定了物种变异这一认识;第二,它增强了文章论辩的力量,“不是不变”是对“不变”论的有力批驳。

再例:“我们处理一个问题,必须把两方面的事实和证据,加以详细叙述和比较,然后才能得到完善的结果……”

1.既说“事实”——一般的感性材料,又说“证据”——材料中足以反映事物本质的例子,足见周密。

2.既说“叙述”——能使人了解比较全面、具体,但还不能表现本质,又说“比较”——能使人鉴别感性材料,去粗取精,由表及里,以掌握事物的本质,足见谨严。

四、从课文中筛选信息,再加工处理,转为主动的信念输出者——我为《物种起源》写序

言

出示投影,多媒体情境创设,从语言描叙中制作10幅动画。

在我们的地球上,生活着千百万种生物;逶迤的群山间,莽莽林海藏虎豹;辽阔的原野上,风吹草低见牛羊;湍急的江河中,白浪翻卷戏鱼虾;无边的海洋里,碧波万顷逐鲸鲨。还有那绚丽阳光下吐艳的百花;绵绵细雨中引吭的群蛙;缭绕晨雾中婉转的俊鸟;苍茫暮色里低吟的秋虫……如此千姿百态的生物,其源头在哪里?19世纪英国伟大的生物学家达尔文经过20年的悉心研究,在1858年发表的《物种起源》中为我们揭示了这一奥秘。

出示投影文字: 2009年,是达尔文诞生200周年,为纪念这位伟大的科学家,出版社决定重新出版《物种起源》中文译本,请你根据《物种起源》导言提供的材料为本书写一篇序言,你该如何写呢?

点拨:认真阅读学习过的序言,课文《农村调查》序言,把握与“导言”的异同。

要根据序言的特点,从本篇课文中筛选写序言所需要的信息,然后重新排列组合。

注意:“导言”也称引言,是一篇文章或一部着作的开头的话,主要用于学术着作和教科书,对论着的基本内容和要点以及有关问题(如写作背景、过程、缘由等)做出介绍、说明。“序言”是写在诗文或书籍前边单独成篇的文章,可叙述,可议论,也可说明。有作者自己写的,叫做“自序”,内容多为交代着述的意图、宗旨和经过;也有别人写的,多介绍和评论所写之作。这里要求我们写的序属后一类。

从课文里筛选所需要的信息要结合评论点,对于“序”中介绍《物种起源》主要观点及评价其意义是必不可少的。对筛选的信息要进行信息加工,进行归类,不必按课文的顺序机械安排。可先介绍《物种起源》主要观点并评价其划时代意义,再由文及人,评价作者研究科学的态度及方法。对作者的评价也不必拘泥于课文所提供的,从《达尔文自传》等得来的材料亦可以采用。顺序的安排有条理即可。

学生交流自己所写的“序言”。

五、全文小结

这篇课文是科学论着的导言,它先介绍研究和写作经历,说明发表原因,以表明自己的着作言必有据,没有轻率下结论,然后说明自己研究的思路,阐述立论的根据,这样水到渠成,道出主要观点。

阅读科技说明文,准确把握文章的重要信息是第一位的,正确认知文章的科技内容是终极目的。在这个过程中,筛选关键语句,品味语言内涵便显得异常重要。

六、布置作业

1.重新构思,写一篇以“我为《物种导言》写序言”为题目的文章,300字左右。

4.高一化学下册教案篇四

Type of lesson: Warming up & listening

Teaching aims: 1.Talk about cultural relics, their importance and ways to protect them.

2.To improve the ability of listening.

Teaching aids:Tape recorder, paper sheet, projector

Teaching procedures:

Step I. Warming up.

Task 1:Team work on the topic “cultural relics”.

Q1:What does the topic mean? Have you got any ideas of cultural relics?

Q2:Are there any cultural relics in Beijing? Name some.

Task 2:Talk about the given cultural relics.

Q1:What are they? Where are they?

Q2:Which one would you like to visit? Why?

I would like to visit _________ because ____________.

I think it’s famous for __________________________.

Q3:What do you think of the cultural relics ? What can we do to protect them? Let’s listen to a passage and see what are mentioned in it.

Step II. Listening.

1. Ask the students to read the chart on P43 before listening and find out what they are asked to fill in the chart.

2. Listen to the passage for the first time and then ask the Ss to tell the names of the sites orally.

3. Listen to the passage for two or three times and try to say something about the importance of each place.(Check in pairs and then in class)

1) _______,there is a statue of a horse._______, there is a large stone elephant.The main building is _______.This site is important because it tells us about what kind of buildings people had in the past.

A. On the left B .in the centre C. On the right

2) This beautiful temple stands between a lake and a mountain. The temple is an important part of our history; many important things happened here, and many poems have been written about the temple.

3) People come to Mt. Lu Shan to look at the beautiful mountains and waterfalls .Over there, between Red Sun Mountain and the lake is the Blue Waterfall ,one of the biggest in the area. Between the lake and the village is the Moon Tower. The mountain is an important part of China’s history and important people have been here.

4. Listen to the passage for another two times and try to find out the measures people take to protect the places.

(Do the matching exercise)

Protect the palace build a museum

walk around the house

Protect the temple limit the number of cars

build a wall

Protect the mountain move some to the museum

try to use buses

5. Ask the Ss to read the pictures on P44 and the instructions, too. And then listen to the passage again to complete the exercise.

6. Discuss the answers in pairs and then check them in class.

Step III. Ask the Ss to do talking exercise on P121 in a group of five. And two or three groups will present their decision in the next class. The other groups have to write down their decision.

( 教师应给每组评分。小组之间互评，每组每个人有口语成绩的一并积累。)

Speaking:

Type of lesson: Speaking

Teaching aims:1.To learn how to ask for and make suggestions.

2.To help the Ss make dialogues in proper situations.

3. To encourage the Ss to discuss in groups and develop their imagination and creativity.

Key point: To help them use the functional sentences correctly in proper situations.

Teaching aids: Tape recorder, pictures and some real objects.

Teaching procedures:

Step I. Ask the Ss to read the instructions.

Step II. Help the Ss understand the instructions.

. 1.Q1:What kind of box is the culture capsure? (about 2*2 metres / an imaginary large box)

Q2:Shall I put in a cat?(No, you can’t put any living things in the capsure.)

(No, the object you’ve chosen should represent Chinese culture.)

Q3:Shall I put a bowl?(Yes, but it should have some cultural value, For example,it was made in Qing Dynasty.)

2.Ss discuss in groups and fill in the form.

What do you want to put in? Why?

3..Ask the Ss to make up their own dialogue by using the functional sentences.

Step III. Ask the Ss to sum up some useful expressions.

Asking for suggestions:

1)What shall I do …?

2)Can’t we do …?

3)Should we do …?

Making suggestions:

1)What/How about…?

2)Why not…?

3)Why don’t you…?

4)I think you’d better do… .

5)I suggest you (should) do … .

6)Let’s do … .

7)I’d like to do… .

8)Maybe we could do … .

Step IV. Ask the Ss to present pairwork on the culture capsure.(Act out their dialogues).

Step V. Ask the Ss to make up a new dialogue with the useful expressions above in a group of four.

Situation:

You are going to hold an evening party. You haven’t decided the place, the time and the guests you’re going to invited. Now, you are talking about the party with your family.

Step VI. Ss present their decision.

Step VII. Homework .

Write down the dialogues they have made up.

Reading:

Type of lesson: Reading

Teaching aims:1.To help the students to have a good understanding of the text

2.To train the students’ reading ability

3.To solve their difficulties by reading, discussing and doing exercises

Teaching procedures:

Step I. Lead in.

1. Ask the Ss to say something about the standard of Great cities.

T: There are many great cities in the world. In your opinion, what makes a city great? Let’s take Beijing as an example.(见课件)

1) a long history

2) the capital of the country

3) a large population

4) Something important once took place there.

5) many places of interests

6) …….

2. Show the pictures of famous rivers in the world and introduce St.Petersburg.

T: Water is important for human beings ,here is a proverb saying,” Where there is a river, there is a city.” Maybe it’s not always true. But it’s true that many of the world’s greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river.

Now,I want to show some pictures of famous rivers in the world. And all of them flow through famous cities in the world.

1) The Yangzi River ------Nanjing

2) The Thames River ----- London

3) The Newa River----- St.Petersburg

1) The Yangzi River

2)The Thames River

3) The Newa River

T : Do you know the city of St.Petersburg? It’s the second largest city in Russia. And it’s 300 anniversaries of this city this year. The same as Beijing, St.Petersburg experiences many famous events in history. Until now St. Petersburg , as one of the oldest and the most well-known cities in the world, still keep making legends .So today let’s learn about this city,” A City of Heroes”, St. Petersburg.

Step II. Help the Ss to understand the passage.

1. Ask the Ss to read the title and find out what the passage is about.

The text must be about a city which has many heroes.

2. Do fast reading to find out the answers to the following three questions.

Q1:Which city will the text talk about?

Q2:Who are heroes?

Q3:Who is the man on the bronze horse?

3. Ask the Ss to read the text aloud with the tape, and then finish True or False Statements. (WB P68)

4.Help the Ss to deal with the difficult points.

1) Match the words on the left with their meaning on the right.

cave make something as good as it was before

project to build again; construct anew

ruin artist; person who paints pictures

ancient very old; from a long time ago

.portrait break or harm something

damage a picture that you take with a camera

rebuild a painting or picture of a person

restore a big plan to do something

painter a building that has been deadly damaged

photograph a large hole in the side of a mountain or under the ground

2) Help the Ss to understand the following sentences.

a. Pieces of the palaces that had been hidden before the Germans came could be used to rebuild the city and its culture.

b. With the help of old paintings and photographs, the people of St.Petersburg were able to bring back the beauty of their culture and history.

c. The palaces are large and beautiful, and they often look like something out of a fairy tale.

4. Ask the Ss to summarize each paragragh with one or two words.

St.Petersburg

Para 1: the building of the city

Para 2: the decline of the city

Para 3: the rebuilding of the city

Para 4: the present situation of the city

5. Ask the Ss to have a discussion on the chart in a group of four, and then ask some of them to fill in the chart.

Work sheet:

the building of the city

position

creator

personality of Peter the Great

the decline of the city (important historical events)

time

how long

intruder

the results of the Nazis’failure

the rebuilding of the city

materials

difficulties

the result of hard work

the present situation of the city

the modern heroes of Russia

the character of people of St.Petersburg

Step III. Ask the Ss to do post-reading exercises.

1.Discuss the questions in pairs.

Q1: Why are the people of St. Petersburg heroes?

Q2: Why do people think St. Petersburg is a great city?

2.Ss present their opinions in class and then the teacher makes a summary.

T: From the text we just learned, we can see that St. Petersburg, this great city, has a lot of history. In the past, Peter the Great was the hero of St. Petersburg. Now the people of St. Petersburg are keeping on making legend of St. Petersburg, even the legend of whole Russia. As a result, strong, proud and united, the people of St. Petersburg are the real modern heroes of Russia.

Step IV. Communication exercise.

Task: Talk about the celebrations of the city held in the city this July.

Step V. Homework.

1. Find out more information of the city on the Internet. Report it to the class in the written form.

2. Finish Ex.2 on Students’ Book P46.

Answer sheet:

the building of the city

position on the banks of the Newa River

creator the Russion Czar Peter the Great

personality of Peter the Great strong and proud

the decline of the city (important historical events)

time 1941

how long 900 days

intruder Germans (Nazis)

the results of the Nazis’failure 1.fires burned everywhere

2.buildings destroyed

3.paintings and stutues lay in pieces on the ground

the rebuilding of the city

materials 1.pieces of palaces that had hidden before the Nazis came

2.the old paintings and photograghs

difficulties save the buildings and palaces without destroying their old beauty

the result of hard work 1.Parts of statues have been put back together.

2.Missing pieces have been replaced.

3.Old paintings and the old palaces have been made as wonderful as in the past.

the present situation of the city

the modern heroes of Russia the people of St. Petersburg

the character of people of St.Petersburg strong, proud and united

Word Study

Type of lesson: Word study

Teaching aims:1. Help the Ss use some key words and expressions in this unit.

2.Help the Ss to know how to build a word with “re”.

Key point: Master how to use the key words and expressions in different situations.

Teaching procedures:

Sept I. Ask the Ss to find out the sentences with the words and expressions in the text and read them out.

Step II. Ask the Ss to read more examples and sum up the usage.

Step III . Ss do the exercises.

Step IV. Check the answers .

Step V. Homework.

1)Ask the Ss to make up a short passage with the words and expressions learnt in this unit.

2)Review the whole unit.

I.Word formation “re- “

1.Find out the words with “re-“ in the text and understand the meaning.

A prefix is a syllable that is added to the beginning of base word to change its meaning. In the text, prefix “re” means again .

2.Do Ex.1 on P46.

II. Word study.

1. use 的用法 (vt. & n.)

1) Are you using this knife or can I borrow it?

2) This glass has been used. Please fetch me a clean one.

3) Bamboo can be used to build houses.

4) These lights are used for illuminating the playing area.(赛场)

5) This grammar book can be used as a textbook..

6) A food processor has a variety of uses in the kitchen. (n.)

7) Don’t throw that cloth away. You’ll find a use for it one day.(n.)

8) It’s no use arguing with him any more. He won’t listen to you.(no use doing sth.)

9) If you don’t have enough money, You are able to buy a used car instead of a new one.

( A past participle can be used as an adjective.)

Exercise:

1. The old hospital _____________.( 已经不再使用了)

2. Computers should be designed for the people who _______________.(使用它们 )

3. It’s no use _________________( 帮助他学英语).He doesn’t want to learn it well at all.

4. She hurt her arm in the fall and _____________( 失去作用) of her fingers.

2. It is true that many of the world’s greatest cities have built on the banks of a river. (It + be + adj./n./p.p. +to do/ that ….)

It was difficult to save the palaces and buildings without changing their old beauty.

1)Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?

2)It is said that at least ten buildings will be built soon in our city.

3)It is easy to recite the text.

4)It’s a rule in our school to do a good cleaning on Friday.

Complete sentences.

1)据报道，一些外宾明天要到我校参观.( reported )

____ _____ _____ many foreign guests will visit our school.

2)行这次会议，意义重大。（ important; of great importance）

a. To hold the conference is ____ ____ ____.

b.___ ____ ____ to hold the conference.

3.give up /give in

1)She gave up her job to look after her sick mother.

2)He has to give up playing football because of his broken left leg. .

3)You can’t win the game ,so you may as well give in.

Exercise:

1) The doctor told him to _________ smoking because he had coughed for a long time.

2) The enemy is surrounded ,and will soon ____________.

3) He has to _______ drinking whisky because he suffers from heart attack.

look out, look after, look at, look up, look for

1) If you have new words, you should ________ the words in your dictionary.

2) Peter _______ his pen , but he didn’t find it.

3) _________, a car may hit you!

4) A good doctor should _________his patients very carefully.

5) Mary _______ the blackboard , but she could see nothing .

5. try to do/ have to do/ be able to do

1)We ______ remember the useful words and expressions in this unit in five minutes, but we failed..

2)She wasn’t ____________ go to the games because she hurt her right knee a week ago.

3)The workers ___________ stay up all night in order to finish the work on time.

6.seem 的用法见教参P145

1) It seems that it’s more difficult for women to get to the top of a company.

2) It seems that he is lying.

3) I seem to have seen her before.

4) It seems that he is angry. =He seems to be angry.

5) It seems as if/though he were in a dream.

6) It seems (as if) there will be an election soon.

Rewrite the following sentences.

1) It seems that he is an expert. He seems _____________________.

2) He seems to know everything. It seems _____________________.

III. Complete the passage with the suitable phrases.

try to, be able to, use, it +be+ important, have to

Karl Marx was born in Germany and his mother tongue was German . When he was still a young man he _had to leave his mother land. In 1849,he started working hard to learn his English because it was widely used all around the world. He made such rapid progress that before long he was able to write articles in English for an American newspaper. When he was in his fifties, he found that it was important to study the situation in Russia. So he began to learn Russian. Half a year later, he could read articles and reports in Russian. “ When people use the language, they should try to forget all about their own.” Such was Marx’s suggestion on how to learn a foreign language.

Grammar

Type of lesson: Grammar

Teaching aim: Ss will be able to understand the meaning of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions.

Teaching focus: Ss can use the voice in a proper situation.

Teaching aid: Paper sheet, pictures or projector

Teaching procures:

Step I. Lead in.

Show some pictures to help the Ss to understand the meaning of the voice.

1)The window has been broken .

2)A new school building has been built for a month.

3) Look, the dirty table has been cleared.

Step II. Ask the Ss to find out the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice in the text and tell why the passive voice is used.

Explain these sentences are used :

1) When the doer is unknown (Sentence 1)

2) When the doer is not important (Sentence 2)

3) When we want to highlight the object of the active sentence(Sentence 3)

Step III. Observe the functions of the voice.

Ask the Ss to read more examples and sum up the structures.

1)All the tickets for the International Music Festival have been sold out.

2)Whose homework hasn’t been handed in?

3)Has the building been completed?

肯定式Have/has been done

否定式Have/has not been done

疑问式Have/has…been done

Step IV. Practise using the voice.

1) Do exercise on P49 (checkpoint) and then do Ex.1 on P47.

2) Do Ex.2 on P123.

3) Do Ex.2 on P47.

Step IV. Practise the voice.

1) I see a lot of trees on the street .The trees _____ _____ planted for years.

2) Anybody who cuts down young trees _____ ______ punished.

3) I can’t enter the building because it ______ _____ locked on Sunday morning.

4) A museum ____ ____ built for cultural relics in the village.

5) Many measures _____ _____ taken to protect cultural relics in China ,so we are able to see many places with their original (最初的) looks.

Step VI. Homework.

1. Finish Ex.2 on P63 in the workbook.

2. Do Ex.3 on P123.Observe the examples first and then do the exercise.

Integrating skills

Type of lesson: Reading and writing

Teaching aim: Enable the Ss to improve the ability of reading and writing

Teaching aid: projector, paper sheet, tape recorder

Teaching procedures:

Step I. Ask the Ss to fill in the form after reading the text.

1. Do it individually.

2. Discuss in pairs.

Location feelings problems suggestions

Step II. Ask the Ss to learn to write a letter to an editor.

1. Find out what they want to write about individually.

2.Write it by themselves.

3.Exchange their letters.

4.Present their letters in class.

Step III. A writing task.

The Yellow Mountain is a place of interests, a great many travelers visit it every day. You traveled there on National Day and had a pleasant time. However, you were not satisfied with some behaviors（行为）. Now, you are writing to the management office (管理处) according to the given information in the chart.

Problems Suggestions

throw about the rubbish take away

kill wild animals, catch birds stop hunting

pick flowers protect plants

do the cooking in the wood take meals, forest fire

Possible version:

Dear Editor,

I’m a visitor from Beijing. I traveled to the Yellow Mountain on National day and had a pleasant time there. However, I found some problems during my journey. Some tourists threw about waste paper, plastic bags and tins. Some killed wild animals, caught birds and picked up flowers. Some even did the cooking in the wood.

As we know, the Yellow Mountain is a place of interests. A great many travelers visit it every day. In my opinion, the travelers should take away rubbish with them when they leave. They should stop hunting and plants should be protected .What’s more, all the tourists should take their meals in order not to cause forest fire.

Yours sincerely,

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