同位语从句的用法

2024-06-10

同位语从句的用法(共14篇)

1.同位语从句的用法 篇一

高考英语同位语从句用法教案

在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,也是高中英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下五个方面:

一、同位语从句在句中的位置

1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。

例如:

The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。

I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。

2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

例如:

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。

The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.据说他高考(高考

新闻,高考说吧)又落榜了。

二、同位语从句前名词的数

同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。例如:

Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来?

Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.答应我,你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。

Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15,2003.消息传来,中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。

三、同位语从句连接词的选用

在英语中,引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that,who,whether),连接副词(how,when,where)等。例如:

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。

The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该做这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。

注:在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接;在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如:

We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。

There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.我们相信张卫会守信的。同位语从句:that

有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句:

We came to the decision that we must act at once.我们做出决定:我们必须立即行动。

He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提议会议延期。

There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。

以下名词常用于以上句型:

advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,treat,warning,wish,word 同位语从句:whether

whether可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。

He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.他还没有做出决定是否去那里。

I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。同位语从句:what

what可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用what作为引导词

I have no idea what he is doing now.我不知道他现在在干什么。同位语从句:how

how可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用how作为引导词

It’s a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。同位语从句:who等

who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导同位语从句

The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

She raised the question where we could get the fund.她提出这个问题:我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。

四、同位语从句的语气

在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。例如:

Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。

The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。

五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别

区别(1)

同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是用来修饰先行词,是从属的关系。

区别(2)

that在同位语从句中没有词义,不充当句子成分;而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。

区别(3)

whether,what,how可以用来引导同位语从句;而它们不能用来引导定语从句。

区别(4)

1.从词义角度看问题

who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义;它们用来引导定语从句时,不具有疑问词的含义。2.从搭配角度看问题

who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强,如:

先行词是“人”,引导词用“who”等,而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是“question,idea,doubt等”。

六、典型例题

例1:I have no idea when he will be back.析:he will be back意义不完整,应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。

例2:I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.析:he went home意义不完整,应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。

例3:Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)

A.while B.that C.when D.as

析:答案为B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于:

It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as

析:答案为B.that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。

例4:She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)

A.it B.which C.this D.that

析:答案为B.分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a terrible noise,且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于:

I can’t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that

析:答案为D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容,且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。

2.同位语从句的用法 篇二

关键词:名词性从句,定语从句,as的用法,比较分析

名词性从句和定语从句是英语语法学习的重点和难点, 很多学者对它们分别做过研究, 例如“WH-从句作为小句——兼论小句的语段性质” (满在江2011, 5:24) 是从Chomsky的转换生成理论研究名词性从句;“翻译教学的事件分析途径——定语从句的翻译” (邓跃平, 2011, 8:35) 从认知—功能视角研究限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句;“英语定语从句译法补遗之补遗” (曹明伦, 2011, 3:83) 从语篇翻译角度把定语从句归纳成五类, 提出了相应的翻译原则。

一些美国学者也认为定语从句 (亦称关系从句) 对于英语学习者来说较难学习, 因此在亚利桑那州立大学面向英语初学者开设的“美国英语和文化课程”中, 教材Basic English Grammar (Azar, 1995) 里不包括关系从句。

大学英语四级考试和大学英语六级考试的“汉译英”这项试题始终是考生失分较多的地方。几乎在每次考试, 该项考题都有需要被翻译成定语从句或名词性从句的汉语原文, 而这正是考试的难点之一, 考生容易出错。“As”一词也是难点, 在一次测验中, 笔者要求学生用“as”翻译句子里的五个短语, 结果三个班的学生 (共计约180人) 平均得分不到60分, 由此可见, 我们有必要探讨一下, 是否可以用较简洁易懂的方式给学生讲解清楚这些语言点。

1 名词性从句

首先, 我们要弄清楚两个语法词汇, 即“句子”和“从句”。完整的句子 (指包含主谓宾的句子) 包括陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。从句源于句子, 地位比句子低了一个层次, 只能作主句的一个成分。名词性从句是指具有名词性质的从句, 换句话说, 名词能作何种成分, 名词性从句就能作何种成分, 比如名词可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语, 那么把名词性从句放在这些成分的位置, 就构成了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。句子变成从句, 原来的形式需要一些改动:陈述句需要在它的前面加个“that”;一般疑问句需要变回陈述句, 再在其前面加个“whether”;特殊疑问句疑问词不变, 后面的句子变成陈述语序。

主语从句顾名思义是把名词性从句放在主语的位置作主语, 但由于“英语在组织句子信息时强烈偏好句尾重 (endweight) ” (Yule, 2002:257) , 所以我们需要变动一下语序。例如:

A:It is hard to understand.

B:What?

A:He can’t support himself.

B:Oh, I see.That he can’t support himself is hard to understand for you.*

恰当的英语表达应该是把主语从句放在句子后面, 用形式主语it占主语的位置, 原句变成:It is hard for you to understand that he can’t support himself.

2 定语从句

定语从句 (亦称关系从句) , 是指从句作定语, 用来修饰名词 (先行词) 、部分句子或整个句子 (先行项) 。该从句由关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose和关系副词where, when, why和how加上缺一个成分的句子构成。关系代词在定语从句中作代词能作的成分, 例如主语、宾语、定语或表语, 关系副词在定语从句中作副词能作的成分, 例如时间状语、地点状语、原因状语或方式状语。关系代词和关系副词中“关系”一词的含义是指它们与被修饰成分 (先行词) 有关系, 通过它们的关系或联系, 先行词可以在该定语从句中取代该关系代词或关系副词所作的成分。这样就容易理解含有定语从句的长句子了, 这也是英译汉的方法之一。

3 对比分析名词性从句与定语从句

从上文我们可以看出名词性从句本身是完整的句子, 不缺任何成分, 是陈述语序, 在主句中作名词能作的成分;定语从句是关系代词或关系副词加上一个缺一个成分的句子, 在主句中作定语, 前面有一个先行词或先行句。

举例说明:

Can you answer my question who your friend is?

I like the girl who is her sister.

1) 句划线部分是陈述语序的特殊疑问句, 作“question”的同位语, 因此是名词性从句中的同位语从句。

2) 句划线部分不是陈述语序的特殊疑问句, 前面有个名词“the girl”, 因此它是修饰该先行词的定语从句。

对比图如表1所示。

需补充一点, what一词较特殊, 它作关系代词时, 是“先行词和关系代词的结合体” (张道真, 2008:283) , 因此可以看作“先行词加that”的集合体, 后面加上缺少一个代词能作的成分的句子, 引出定语从句时, what前面就没有先行词了。例如:

I don’t know what your trouble is.

What worries me is that you can’t speak English well.

从以上例句我们可以看出, what作为关系代词引出的句子不像定语从句, 因为它身兼二职, 前面没有名词作先行词, 没起到作定语修饰名词的作用, 倒起到了名词的作用, 如在例句3) 里作宾语;在例句4) 里作主语, 因此有一些语法学家认为what引出的从句是名词性从句。但是张道真认为, 关系代词what引出的是定语从句或称关系从句。笔者认为, 这是给一种特殊词汇用法起了两个名称, 没有必要深究, 该文依然按照张道真的观点论述。

4“As”的用法

As作连词的一个意思是“由于”, 该文不在此赘述。根据2005年出版的《牛津现代英汉双解词典》里的解释, as可以作关系代词, “相当于that, who, which”, 例如:

5) He lost, as you know.

6) He is a writer, as is his wife.

张道真对as做了较全面地研究:“As作为关系代词, 只能用在限制性关系从句中, 只能用在such, same, as或so后面, 不能用作所有格” (张道真, 2008:282) .

7) Such a student as works hard will succeed. (张道真, 2008:282)

8) The same accident as happened to you, had happened to me. (张道真, 2008:282)

9) As many children as come will be admitted. (张道真, 2008:282)

As也可引出非限制性定语从句, 修饰前面部分句子或整个句子, 例如:

10) I advised my brother, as was my duty. (张道真, 2008:288)

11) He became crazy, as many could see. (张道真, 2008:288)

12) As has happened many times, children may get drowned in this river. (张道真, 2008:288)

13) The result, as may be expected, is poor. (张道真, 2008:288)

As引出的关系从句的谓语动词是be动词时, be动词可以省略, 例如:

14) The results as proclaimed in today’s newspapers are encouraging. (张道真, 2008:551)

15) His ability as displayed during the last three months was inadequate. (张道真, 2008:551)

16) I will tell you a story as told by my mother. (张道真, 2008:551)

As引出的关系从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词相同时, 关系从句可以省略谓语动词, 例如:

17) I had the same trouble as you.

从以上例句我们可以看出, as学起来确实不容易, 这个难度不单纯源于as复杂多样的用法, 更是由于词典对as的理解有些偏差。《牛津现代英汉双解词典》解释as是关系代词, 相当于“that, who, which”。然而, 笔者认为, as一词不能换成“that, who, which”, 因为as含有“像……”的意思, 而“that, who, which”不能表示“像……”的意思。此外, 如果as是关系代词, 引出定语从句, 那么定语从句应该修饰先行词, 先行词, 顾名思义, 是走在前面的词, 而定语从句则跟在它的后面, 但as引出的从句不都是跟在主句后面的。

因此笔者想出了一个较大胆的理解方法:as作关系代词时, 我们不妨把它理解成“like what”或“like+某人+who”, “like”在这里作介词, 表示“像”, 而as引出的从句可以理解成介词like加what引出的关系从句或like加某人加who引出的关系从句, 因此as及其引出的从句整体上可以看成介宾短语, 作主句的状语。

举例说明:

6) He is a writer, as is his wife.理解为:He is a writer, like the person who is his wife.

译文:他是一位作家, 正如他的妻子。

如果将“as”理解为“who”或“which”, 整句话就成了, “He is a writer, who is his wife.”或“He is a writer, which is his wife.”这些句子显然不合常理。

12) As has happened many times, children may get drowned in this river.理解为:Like what has happened many times, children may get drowned in this river.

译文:像这样的事已发生多次, 在这条河里, 儿童易溺水身亡。

13) The result, as may be expected, is poor.理解为:The result, like what may be expected, is poor.

译文:正如人们预料的那样, 结果很差。

15) His ability as displayed during the last three months was inadequate.理解为:His ability, like what was displayed during the last three months, was inadequate.

译文:像他在过去三个月所表现出的那种能力是不够的。

20) Canadian law requires that the Nexen deal must be submitted for review by Industry Canada under the terms of the Canada Investment Act, as is the case for all large foreign investments in the country. (Global Times, 2012, 9, 13:14)

译文:加拿大法律规定, 根据加拿大投资法案的条约, 尼克森交易必须提交加拿大工业协会审议, 正如对待所有在加拿大做大笔投资的公司一样。”

As一词有“像……”的含义, 表示“如同……一样的 (另一个) ……”;that, who, which则表示与先行词是“同一个……”, 例如:

17) I had the same trouble as you.理解为:I had the same trouble like what you had.

译文:我曾经遇到和你一样的麻烦。

18) This is the same watch as I lost. (It is not mine.) (张道真, 2008:282)

理解为:This is the same watch like what I lost.

译文:这块表像我曾经丢的那块表。

19) This is the same watch that I lost. (It is mine.) (张道真, 2008:282)

译文:这块表是我曾经丢的那块表。

每个词语的创造和存在都有它的独特的原因和意义, 如果as可以与“which, that, who”互换, 那么as还有何存在价值?通过以上诸多例句, 我们可以看到, as一词被词典解释为关系代词的这条用法可以表示“像什么那样”或“像某某那样”, 与“like what”或“like加某人加who”的意思和用法相同, 因此在理解句子意思时, 当as指某事或某物时, 可以用“like what”代替as;当as指某人时, 可以用“like加某人加who”代替as。这样理解, 就避免了将as等同于which, who或that所造成的语义理解偏差, 从而有助于英语学习者去准确理解进而正确运用。

参考文献

[1]Azar B S.Basic English Grammar[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall Regents, 1993:3.

[2]Brown, Douglas.Investment Troubles[N].Global Times, 2012, 9 (13) :14.

[3]Yule, George.Explaining English Grammar[M].Shanghai:Shang hai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002:257.

[4]曹明伦.英语定语从句译法补译之补译[J].西安外国语大学学报, 2011 (3) :83.

[5]邓跃平.翻译教学的事件分析途径——定语从句的翻译[J].中国科技翻译, 2011 (8) :35.

[6]满在江.WH-从句作为小句——兼论小句的语段性质[J].山东外语教学, 2011 (5) :24-29.

3.同位语从句的引导词 篇三

(1)The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. 他们可以横穿整个大陆的想法非常令人振奋。

(2)Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days. 有些人认为你可以在五天内横穿加拿大。

(3)But they forget the fact that Canada is 5, 500 kilometres from coast to coast. 但是他们忘了加拿大东西海岸相隔5,500公里。

解析 以上三个句子中that引导的从句都是对前面划横线部分的具体内容的解释。

在抽象名词后面用连接词引导一个句子来解释这个名词的具体内容即为同为语从句。换言之,同位语从句与他所修饰的名词在内容上是同一关系,是对其内容的进一步说明。

通常用于连接同位语从句的抽象名词(也叫先行词)列举如下:

fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,chance,possibility,information,message,wish,promise,answer,evidence(证据),report,explanation,conclusion(结论),worry,question,thought,story,reason,impression(印象),doubt(怀疑),belief(信念;观点),suggestion,advice,order(命令),demand(要求), requirement(要求)

注意 上述连接词中,suggestion,advice,order,demand,requirement后面的同位语从句谓语动词只能用“should + v.”。

同位语从句的引导词(从属连接词):

1. 连接代词:

(1)that

当主从句之间逻辑意义完整时,用that引导同位语从句,that在句中没有任何含义,在从句中也不做任何成分,但此处that不能省略。

The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

解析 they had won the game说明the news的全部内容,而且主从句的逻辑意义完整。因此应用that引导同位语从句。

The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了命令,要求战士们立即过河。

解析 the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整。因此应用that引导同位语从句。

(2)what/which/who(whom)/whose + n.

当主从句的逻辑意义不完整,需要加上“什么”、“哪个”、“谁”、“谁的”才能表达完整的逻辑意义时,就需要用“what/which/who(whom) /whose+n” 引导同位语从句,而不用 that。尽管由疑问词引导,但是必须用陈述句语序。

I have no idea what they are talking about. 我不知道他们在谈论什么。

解析 what they are talking about是idea的全部内容,同时主从句的逻辑意义不完整,需要加上“什么”才能表达出完整的逻辑意义,因此应用what引导同位语从句,引导词what在从句中作宾语。

He raised a question at the meeting who is to blame for the accident. 他在会上提出了一个问题,谁应该承担这次事故的责任。

解析 who is to blame for the accident是question的全部内容,同时逻辑意义不完整,所以用who引导同位语从句。

2. 连接副词

when,where,why,how,whether

①I have no idea where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪里。

解析 where he lives是idea的全部内容而且主从句逻辑意义不完整,应加“哪里”才能表达完整逻辑,因此用where引导同位语从句。

②I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 我记不清他是怎么回家的,也许是骑自行车。

解析 how he went home是impression的全部内容。而且主从句的逻辑意义不完整,根据perhaps by bike,应该用how引导同位语从句。

③It is hard for him to make a decision whether he should go to the party. 他很难决定是否要去参加晚会。

解析 whether he should go to the party是decision的全部内容,而且逻辑意义不完整,应该用whether引导同位语从句。

注意 (1)if也有“是否“之意,但是它不能引导同位语从句。

(2)尽管由疑问词引导,但是不能用疑问语序。

练习

1. 毫无疑问,抽烟对身体有害。

___________ smoking does harm to health. (doubt)

2. 因为生病, 所以他迟到了。

He was late for the reason___________. (be)

3. 老师建议我们做些运动。

The teacher gave us some advice ___________. (do)

4. 我不知道会议将在哪里举行。

I have no idea___________ . (hold)

5. 他们正在讨论是否应该改变原计划。

They are having a discussion ___________.(change)

6. 关于如何解决这个问题的建议值得考虑。

The suggestion ___________is worth considering. (solve)

7. 尽管他很努力,但还是没能通过考试。

In spite of ___________, he failed in the exam. (work)

8. 情况是这样的, 他五年前蹲过监狱。

The story goes___________ five years ago. (put)

9. 他可能不会来参加我的晚会了。

There is little chance___________. (come)

10. 他很难向我解释他为什么要泄漏我的秘密。

It is hard for him to answer my question___________ . (give)

答案

1. There is no doubt that

2. that he was ill

3. that we should do sports

4. where the meeting will be held

5. whether the original plan should be changed

6. how the problem should/can be solved

7. the fact that he worked hard

8. that he was put in prison

9. that he will come to my party

4.同位语从句的用法 篇四

名词性从句之同位语从句

单位:浮梁一中

教师:万禺

一、教学设计

根据课文内容的特点,根据高中英语课程标准的要求,为实现该课的教学目标,以提高学生阅读理解能力为重点,加强学生听说读写综合能力,我设计以下教学步骤:

Task 1 任务1为导入教学环节,要激发学生学习动机,调动其主观能动性。具体作法如下:给出中文,让学生翻译几个句子。

1、他告诉我的消息是他们赢了比赛。

2、他们赢了这个比赛的消息让我很兴奋。

3、我的建议是周末我们去野餐。

4、周末去野餐的建议是我提出来的。

学生的回答或许有很多错误,提出纠正并将正确的句子写出来,让学生进行比对。

1、The news that he told me is they won the game.2、The news that they won the game makes me excited.3、My suggestion is that we shall go to picnic this weekend.4、The suggestion that we shall go to picnic this weekend is brought up by me

Task 2 任务2 打开PPT的教学材料,让学生复习名词性从句的分类,以及其中同位语从句的定义、特点和作用。在学生观看的时候,给予讲解。尤其注意同位语从句的先行词和连接词的用法。

从属 连词 连接 代词 连接 副词 功能

只起连接作用,不充当从句中的任何成分。

既起连接作用,又在从句中担任成分(主语、宾语、表语或定语)。既起连接作用,又在从句中担任成分(状语)。

例词 that, whether

who, what,whose, which

when, where, why, how

既起连接作用,又在从句中担

whoever, whatever, whichever, 复合代词

任成分(主语、宾语、表语或定语、whenever, wherever, however 复合副词

状语)。

接下来展示例句,给以详细说明。

穿插小练习,找出句子中的先行词和关联词。学生可以做到即学即练,加强印象和理解。

1、They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.2、I have no idea how they were able to get it done in so short a time.3、Have you any idea what he is doing now?

4、They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.5、The question who should do the work requires consideration.Task 3

再给出几组成对的意思近似的句子,让学生读懂并且说明其中差别。尤其是定语从句和同位语从句的差异。要求学生对读到的信息进行理解和整理,通过讨论的学习方式,在学生语言交流的互动过程中,重组信息,作出判定。从而提高学生学会分析问题、处理问题和解决问题的能力。例如:

A: The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.B: The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.A: He put forward the suggestion that the question should be discussed first.B: The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.然后再做几道单选题,让学生对关联词的用法再次得到巩固。

1.Here’s an announcement ____ the winner at chess can get a prize of 1’000 yuan.A.that

B.why C.whether D.when 2.It’s a question _____ he did it.A.what B.that C.how D whether 3.The dream ____ we are flying in space has finally been realized by a Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei.A.when B.that C.which D.what 4.They rumor spread ____ a new school would be built.A.that

B.what

C.where D.which

Task 4 任务4 课后作业。

要求学生复习同位语从句的定义,结构,用法。并完成剩下的练习。

5.同位语从句的用法 篇五

1.判定方法

为方便理解,咱们先回顾下同位语的定义,即首先如果一个名词修饰另外一个名词,且后一个名词对前面的名词起到解释、说明的作用,那我们就将这个名词成为同位语。如果由一个从句来代替这个名词,充当同位语的成分,那我们就可以把这个从句称为同位语从句了。

2.翻译方法

①按照原文顺序直接翻译

如:He expressed the hopethat he would come over to visit China again.按照原文的顺序我们可以将其翻译为:他表示希望能再次来中国访问。

There is a possibilitythat he is a spy.很可能他是一个间谍。

②对于复杂的从句可以独立成句,然后再修饰语前面加上“这样,这种,这一,即”等连接词或“:――”,将同位语从句与主句分隔开。

He put forward the proposalthat more trees should be planted in the downtown area.本句话可以这样翻译:他提出了这样的建议:在乡下应该种植更多的树木。也可翻译为:他提出了“乡下应该种植更多树木”的建议。

Not long ago, the scientists madean exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.这句话可以翻译为:不久之前,科学家们有一个振奋人心的发现:这个废弃的材料可以转化为塑料。

③对于简单的定语从句,可以将其作为定语放在所修饰的名词前,可以加“的”,也可以不加。

如:Therumor that he was arrestedwas unfounded.这句话可以译为:关于他被捕的谣言是毫无依据的。

The Prime Minster refused to comment on the rumorthat he had planned to resign.总理拒绝评论他打算辞职的谣言。

④有些定语从句,可以采取把同位语修饰的名词翻成动词,将同位语从句译为宾语的方法。

如:There is a growing awareness that this is not enough.越来越多的人意识到这是不够的。

A good color is often a sign that the food has a lot of vitamin.一个好的颜色通常是食物含有很多维他命的标志。

6.条件状语从句的用法的结构 篇六

来时态,而从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。

【例】

I will come to see you if I have time.

我有时间,我就来看你。

If the rain stops,I shall go out for a walk.

如果雨停了,我就出去散步。

⑵注意条件状语从句在虚拟语气中的使用。

【例】

If I were to I should first of all get the experts to discuss the plan.

如果我真的想做这事,我首先会找专家们讨论我的计划。

⑶条件状语从句中的省略。

【例】

Come tomorrow if possible. 可能的话,明天来。

7.同位语从句中心词的分类及其位置 篇七

Our Chinese are proud of the successful launch of Tiangong-1.

该句出自学生作文,要表达“我们中国人对天宫一号成功发射感到自豪。”根据句义,“我们”和“中国人”指代相同,是平行对等关系,没有偏正关系,所以应该把Our改成We。本句错误的根源在于没有搞清楚同位语的概念。

一个名词(代词)后用来解释说明该名词(代词),并且处于同一语言层次,所指内容和功能和该名词(代词)相同,我们把该成分称为同位语。如:

1. The magazine New University Entrance Examination is my favorite. 《新高考》杂志是我最喜爱的。

分析 New University Entrance Examination是名词the magazine的同位语,解释杂志的具体名称,和the magazine是同位关系。

2. He, the only child in his family, is not finicky. 他,家里的独生子,并不娇气。

分析 the only child in his family是代词he的同位语,说明他的情况,和he是同位关系。

从上面例子可以看出,被同位语解释说明的词可以是名词,也可以是代词,没有特殊要求。但是如果作同位语的是一个句子,即同位语从句,其解释说明的词(即中心词)有一定的局限性。请看下列一道高考题:

We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk.

A. whereB. thatC. whenD. which

分析 如果把point看作是同位语从句的中心词,应该选择that,后面解释point的具体内容。但是point在此意思是“某个地方(a particular place or area)”,引申为“某个地步”,表示的是一个抽象化的地点,此处不能作为同位语从句的中心词。point后面接的是定语从句。答案为A。

可见并不是所有抽象名词都可以用作同位语从句的中心词,由于同位语从句中心词具有概括性,所以中心词往往为抽象名词,并且具有含义模糊的特点,其后的同位语从句进一步补充说明。如:

We are all aware of the fact that our environment has been seriously polluted.我们都知道这个事实,我们的环境被严重污染了。

分析 句子中中心词是fact,其后“that our environment has been seriously polluted”补充解释了“事实”的具体内容,由一个句子来充当,被that引导。

根据同位语从句中心词“抽象、概括、模糊”的特点,结合近几年高考相关试题综合筛选,我们可以把同位语从句的中心词归纳为如下几种类型。请看下表:

知道了同位语从句中心词的特点及其常见分类后,我们来关注高考中同位语从句中心词位置的情况。请看下列几道高考题:

1. (2011 辽宁) When the news came _____ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.

A. since B. which C. that D. because

2.(2009江西) The fact has worried many scientists _____ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

A. what B. which C. that D. though

3. (2006四川) —It’s thirty years since we last met.

—But I still remember the story,believe it or not, _____ we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which B. that C. what D. when

4. (2005浙江) Danby left word with my secretary _____ he would call again in the afternoon.

A. who B. that C. as D. which

5. (2003 上海) There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _____ road conditions need _____.

A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved

C. where; improving D. when; improving

一般来说,同位语从句中心词的位置紧靠在同位语从句的前面,但有时由于平衡句子结构的需要,中心词和同位语从句被其他成分隔开。上述考题都属于这种情况,请看下表:

从上表可以看出,致使中心词和同位语从句位置分开的成分常常是谓语部分和状语部分,分析这样结构的关键是识别中心词,然后找出同位语从句。

可见,掌握同位语从句中心词的特征和分类便于理解记忆中心词;注意中心词被隔离的位置可以提高我们分析句子结构的能力,从而快捷地解答同位语从句相关试题。

8.英语中还有哪些状语从句的用法 篇八

状语从句的用法

表示目的:

We got up very early so that we would not miss the sunrise.

我们起得早,这样就不会错过看日出。

The man shouted so loudly that everyone could hear him.

那人大喊,以便大家都能听见。

表示条件:

If I were you, I would refuse it.

如果我是你,我会拒绝。

She will not attend the party unless you go with her.

要是你不同她一起去,她不会出席晚会的。

表示让步:

Although it was snowing heavily, no one was absent.

虽然下着大雪,但没有人缺席。

注意:

although不能与but连用。

×Althoughit was snowing heavily, but noone was absent。

The boy can write good poems though he is only 10.

虽然男孩只有10岁,但他能写出很好的诗了。

She didn’t take my advice however I tried.

不管我怎样想办法,他都不接受我的建议。

表示比较:

Tom speaks faster than Mary does.

汤姆比玛丽说得快。

Women can do their jobs as quickly as mendo.

9.同位语从句的用法 篇九

How do you spell “potato?”

“”怎么拼写?

How old is this building?

这座建筑已有多少年了?

Describe how you did it.

谈谈你是怎样做这事的.。

What does “evidence” mean?

是什么意思?

Did you see what happened?

你看见出什么事了吗?

What bloody awful weather!

10.同位语用法小议 篇十

一、 几种常见的同位语形式

1. 名词及其短语

例如: Obama, the present American president, is willing to deal with the financial crisis together with China. 美国现任总统奥巴马愿意和中国一起应对金融危机。

2. 动名词短语

例如: He enjoys the habit of study, reading alone outside the classroom. 他喜欢这种学习方式,独自在教室外看书。

3. 动词不定式短语

例如: There is one thing I’ll never do—to tell lies. 有一件事我决不会做,那就是撒谎。

4. 形容词及其短语(一般用逗号隔开,相当于定语,但放在所说明的名词后面。)

例如: All the countries, big or small, are equal. 所有国家,不管是大国还是小国,都是平等的。

5. 名词性从句

被说明的词可以是fact, news, truth, knowledge, idea, hope, question, problem, assumption等抽象名词。

例如:We have to face the fact that it is more difficult for the graduates to find a job. 我们必须面对毕业生找工作越来越难这个事实。

二、 同位语从句和定语从句的区别

1. 同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或进一步补充一些情况。

例如:The news that I have to have an interview is true. 我要去面试的消息是真的。(同位语从句,从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容)

The news that he told me just now is true. 他刚刚告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用)

2. 引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分,that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

例如:The idea that computers can kill the young men surprises many parents. 电脑能令年轻人丧命,这让许多父母震惊。(that在从句中不充当任何成分)

The idea that he gave surprised many parents. 他给出的想法让许多父母吃惊。(that在从句中作gave的宾语)

11.英语八大从句类型总结用法有哪些 篇十一

从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,是一个特殊句子,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。

根据从句语法功能的不同可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。

前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;

定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;

而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句和时间状语从句。

主语从句(Subject Clause)

用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。

表语从句(Predicative Clause)

用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词很多都一样。

宾语从句(Object Clause)

在句子中起宾语作用的.从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

同位语从句

是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系就是同位关系,即主表关系。

定语从句

是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

状语从句可分为:

时间状语从句(adverbial clause of time)

地点状语从句(adverbial clause of place)

原因状语从句(adverbial clause of cause)

条件状语从句(adverbial clause of condition)

目的状语从句(adverbial clause of purpose)

让步状语从句(adverbial clause of concession)

比较状语从句(adverbial clause of comparison)

方式状语从句(adverbial clause of manner)

12.英语主语从句用法剖析 篇十二

【关键词】连接词 主语从句 形式主语 难点区别

众所周知,引导名词性从句的连接词通常有三类,他们用法各不相同,现解释如下:连接词that,没有词义;不作句子成分;但在主语从句中不能省略;连接词if \whether,词义“是否”;不作句子成分,不能省略;在主语从句中只用whether;连接代词what,whatever,which,whichever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose 以及连接副词when,whenever,where,wherever,how,however,why,有词义;在主语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和状语;不能省略。

一、主语从句概述

在主从复合句中充当主语的一个句子就叫主语从句,例如:That the earth goes round the sun is well-known to everybody.

Whether she will come to help us has not been known yet.

When we will go to Beijing for visa to America is still a secret.

二、主语从句中的主谓一致

当主语从句作一个主从复合句的主语时,主句的谓语动词通常用单数,但what 引导的主语从句中谓语动词是need,want,require等的时候,主句谓语动词和表语保持一致,如:

What I am most interested in is American movies.

What I want is a large sum of money.

What I need are a great many books.

三、形式主语

为了避免头重脚轻,通常用it作形式主语,把主语从句放在后面作真正主语,常用句式有:

1.It + be + 形容词 + that-从句

It is necessary that everybody should have a healthy diet and exercise regularly.

2.It + be + 过去分词 + that-从句

It is said that she is going to study abroad after he graduates from Lanzhou University.

3.It + be + 名词 + that-从句

It is a pity that such an educated and qualified graduate cannot find a job.

4.其他含有it 作形式主义的句式:

It makes no difference who will go to Shanghai for the conference with me.

It remains to be seen whether she will join my research studio.

四、名词性从句的难点及区别

1.what引导主语从句时的理解:what 在从句中要充当主语、宾语或表语;what 经常译为“所…的东西”;what =the thing(s) that,如:

What made him proud was that his students had been admitted to key universities.(作主语)

What they want to do is to continue traveling abroad after retirement.(作宾语)

What she used to be is a secret to us all.(作表语)

2.wh+ever 与 no matter + wh-的用法。引导让步状语从句可以换用,引导主语从句只能用wh+ever,如:

Wherever you go and whatever you do,Ill be right here waiting for you.

=No matter where you go and no matter what you do,Ill be right here waiting for you.

Whatever you said at the meeting is very useful and valuable.

Whoever leaves the office last,please close the window.

=No matter who leaves the office last,please close the window.

Whoever leaves the office last must close the window.

参考文献:

[1]张道真.实用英语语法[M].外语教学与研究出版社.2002.

13.状语从句的用法相关知识讲解 篇十三

状语从句的用法

表示时间:

When she arrives here, call me.

当她到了,叫我。

I was going out when the phone rang.

我正要出门,突然电话响了。

Lily listening while she is dancing.

莉莉一边听一边跳。

表示地点:

You should stand up where you fell down.

你应该在摔倒的地方爬起来.

Wherever you go, keep this in mind.

无论你去哪里,都要牢记这一条。

表示原因:

The workers had tostop their work because it was raining hard.

工人们只得停止干活,因为在下大雨。

Since you know it already, we don’t need to keep it a secret.

既然你已经知道了,我们没有必要保密了。

Now that everyone is here, we may as well start our meeting.

既然大家都到了,我们不妨开始开会。

It must be light now, for I can hear many people walking on the street.

准是天亮了,因为我听见很多人在街上行走了。

As he likes it very much, I will give it to him.

由于他非常喜欢这东西,我打算送给他。

表示结果:

Jane is so fat that she doesn’t dare to eat pork.

珍妮非常肥胖,她不敢吃猪肉了。

Robbie is such a nice boy that everyone likes to be with him.

14.Will在 if 从句中的用法 篇十四

a. I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.

我不知明天是否会下雨。

b. I wonder if it will be fine tomorrow.

我不知道明天是否是晴天。

当“if”引导条件状语从句时,谓语总是用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:

a. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country.

如果明天天晴,我们就到乡下去。

b. If he receives the letter in time, he will be able to change his plan.

如果他能准时收到信,他就能够改变他的计划。

在“《全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修)英语第一册 上(人民教育出版社)》 2003年6月第一版中“Unit 6 Good manners” P39上有这样一个句子:

Most westerners like soft drinks if they will drive home.

在这个句子中,“if”引导的从句显然是条件状语从句而不是宾语从句,使用的是“will drive home”表示形式。对这一语言现象,该作何解释呢?在下列三种情况下,“if”条件状语从句中可用will 来表示:

1.表示意愿,而不是单纯的将来时态时,可以用“will”。例如:

a. We shall be glad if you will accompany us.

如果你们能(愿意)和我们在一起,我们将很快乐。

b. If he will go there, he will get the book for me.

如果他愿意去,他将代我买书。

2.表示的是“结果”,if 引导的条件从句讲的是“结果”,这时谓语可以用will 表示一般将来时。例如:

a. If my pronunciation will be ready improved, I’ll buy a recorder and read after the recordings of the texts.

如果我的语音真的会得到改善,我就买一台录音机,跟着课文的录音读。

b. Teacher: “If you study hard, you’ll be able to succeed in the exam.”

Pupil: “Really? If I ‘ll be able to succeed in the exam, I will work harder at my lessons.”

老师:“如果学习用点功,你会考好的”

学生:“真的?要是我会考得好,我一定努力学习功课。”

上述a句讲“买录音机,跟着课文录音读”是“改善语音的条件”,而“改善语音”则是“结果”。b句中的学生答语讲的也是“结果”(会考好的)的缘故。在这样一种“倒果为因”的情况下,条件从句的谓语可以用一般将来时。

3. if 从句表示一种将来的可能性,这个可能性对现在做出的决定有直接的关系和影响,这时,从句可will。例如:

a. If he won’t come to the meeting, why should we wait for him?

如果他不来开会,我们为什么要等他呢?

b. If it will make any difference, I’ll gladly lend you some money.

如果我借给你钱能对你有帮助,我会高兴地借给你的。

上述a句從句所述的情况(如果他不来开会)将影响到对主句所述的目前行动(等他)须作出的选择;b句从句说讲的情况(如果我借钱给你能起作用),将直接影响到我现在就可以决定把钱借给你。

综上所述,不难看出,本文开头提到教科书中的那个句子,应属于这里所讲的第三种情况,即是说大多数西方人开车到家(而不是到其他场合)这种行为(会直接影响到)都喜欢喝软饮料之类(的举动)。

参考文献:

1、《薄冰英语语法》薄冰编著 开明出版社 深圳1999年3月第九次印刷

2、《高中英语答疑》(修订版)汤柏林 浙江教育出版社 1994年12月第九次印刷

3、《英汉多功能词典》简清国 林茂竹主编 外语教学与研究出版社 建宏出版社2001年10月第12次印刷

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