英语模块一作业

英语模块一作业（共8篇）

1.英语模块一作业 篇一

语文模块一：作业

德惠市同太中心小学崔文丹

一、义务教育语文课程改革的基本思路是什么？

答：对义务教育语文课程定位。强调语文课程具有多重功能的特征，“工具性与人文性统一”是语文课程的基本特点，以“语文素养”作为语文新课程的核心概念，体现多重目标的综合和融合。

二、义务教育语文课程标准修订公布后，主要的后续工作有哪些？

答：确定义务教育语文课程的目标和内容。构建“知识与能力、过程与方法，情感态度与价值观”三个维度目标系统。遵守“九年一贯制整体设计”的指导思想；课程目标与内容从“识字写字、阅读、写作、口语交际、综合学习”五个方面展开。

三、从您自己情况来说，下一步的语文教学中有些什么新的打算？

答：

一、在课堂教学中要关注学生的主动学习意识，引导学生主动参与学习，培养自主学习能力。精心组织有效的合作学习，促进师生、生生间的交流合作，提高学习效率。关注个体差异，在自主探究中培养创新精神。

二、给学生创造充分的读书机会，在读中指导方法、积累语言、形成语感。同时将文本学习与课外阅读有机结合，让“量”的积累带来”质”的飞跃，促进学生语文素养的提高。

三、探究读写结合的有效方法，让阅读教学与习作教学有机融合，实现二者同生共长，减轻学生的课业负担。

2.英语模块一作业 篇二

一、“模块化”管理方法

本次拆除作业中，主要设备还需运往B企业依旧使用。所以在拆除过程中既要考虑拆除的便利，还需保护设备不受损坏，还得满足长途运输的条件。装置拆除过程按照作业特点的不同，对拆除作业进行区域模块划分。

1.“区域模块”划分

在作业过程中按照拆除设备的不同，可以对不同区域进行划分，将不同区域划分成不同模块，在此基础上对装置进行拆除，这样整个项目就可以化整为零。随着对装置拆除模块的一步步划分，拆除部分覆盖区域逐渐减小，拆除工艺逐渐朝着单一方向发展，同时拆除设施结构得到了简化，以上发展可以有效降低装置拆除操作存在的安全风险。在划分区域模块的过程中，通常可以将设备坐落的具体位置以及工艺单元位置作为主要依据进行拆除。

2.“作业模块”划分

装置拆除作业过程中有很多不同的作业形式，在作业过程中可以将其分成相应的模块，这对于有针对性的管理非常有利，例如可以划分成高处作业模块、动火作业模块及起重作用模块等诸多作业模块，对具体的防范性措施进行落实。

3. 模块管理程序制定

在实际作业过程中，需要严格按照固定程序进行每个模块的拆除，以保证作业操作可以处于受控的状态中。具体来说，主要包括监理组织机构、制定管理制度、识别拆除危害、编制作业方案、展开安全教育、进行现场安全警示标示、确认作业工艺条件、落实“作业许可证”制度、进行安全监督与检查等等。其中每个区域模块都需要严格按照程序进行管理，并将其与作业模块融合到一起，最终落实专业化、规范化的管理，如图1。

二、“模块化”管理的实施

1. 模块划分

(1)区域模块

首先需要在待拆除装置上标记好拆除的管线，并将连接管线切断，加装盲板，并做好标记。这样一来拆除装置就可以和其他系统、装置彻底隔离。具体来说，需要将工艺物料管线、燃料油管线、公用工程管线、动力电源及仪表电器电源等系统切断。切断后必须让各主管负责人进行签字确认。其次可用彩钢板或者实心墙将拆除区域完全封闭，这样拆除区域可以从空间上和其他区域隔离开，封闭化管理才能得到实现，从而避免施工对厂区原本正常的秩序造成影响。

基于已经隔离出的区域进行模块划分，对重整装置的坐落位置、工艺流程进行综合考虑，利用加装盲板、切断连接管线的方式，保证每个模块都是独立的单元，然后利用境界隔离线进行隔离，具体的模块划分如下：(1)炉区模块，为加热炉、管线等；(2)主反应区模块，主要涉及重整反应器、高温立式换热器、预加氢反应器、脱氯罐、分子筛等；(3)机组模块，为压缩机组及物料管线等；(4)泵区，包括各塔的进料泵、回流泵等；(5)塔区，包括分馏塔、蒸发塔、脱戊烷塔等。

(2)作业模块

在拆除过程中对涉及到的作业形式进行综合分析，具体来说将作业模块划分成临时用电、用火作业、受限空间作业、高处作业及起重作业等模块。

三、模块管理程序

1. 建立HSE组织机构

为了加强对作业过程的安全管理力度，需要成立专门领导小组，并设置专业组，进一步明确每个专业组的职责，具体来说包括以下内容：(1)拆除指挥组，将拆除装置管理人员抽调到一起，对现场所有拆除工作进行协调，完成各种作业票证的办理以后，还要确认区域标识、拆除物质等，确认现场施工条件及现场施工的安全性；(2)拆除协调组，从设备管理部门中抽调部分人员组成，主要对拆除全过程进行管理，严格控制工程进度，对建设单位、施工单位的关系进行协调，将出厂证办理工作做好；(3)拆除技术组，主要确认现场管线、设备等拆除条件，编制出具体的施工方案，进行安全技术交底，并完成技术资料整理及交付等工作；(4拆除协调组，对装置内物料进行拆除，检查公用工艺管线系统，并将排放吹扫、确认等工作做好，保证装置具有可以拆除的条件；(5)拆除安全组，主要负责作业过程中的安全管理，针对用电、用火、受限、高处、起重等工作进行全面管理，确认施工方案等。

2. 识别拆除作业危害

在开始拆除之前通常需要进行危害识别，严格按照作业模块与区域模块划分进行，其中作业模块危害识别的重点在于各种作业形式存在的风险，例如高处作业造成的坠落、动火作业引发的火灾以及设备内部作业引发的中毒窒息等；区域模块危害识别的重点在于对系统本身的危险因素进行分析，例如设备、装置及管道中存在的汽油、氢气等。需要按照区域工艺特点，针对每种作业形式潜在危险展开综合分析。通过拆除作业危害识别，可以明确不同模块潜在的危害，这样就可以为拆除方案的编制提供有效依据。

3. 制定作业方案

在开始拆除作业之前，需要由拆除技术组编制出详细的作业方案，经过审核及批准之后才能落实。拆除作业方案的编制必须对危害识别、风险评价结果进行充分考虑，然后制定出具体的作业顺序，确定具体的拆除步骤。

4. 组织作业人员展开安全教育

在拆除作业开始前，应组织拆除作业人员参加安全教育和培训，在培训中将重点放在炼化企业应该遵循的规章制度、重整装置工艺特点、危险物料的特殊性质、直接作业的安全知识等方面，安全教育合格的人员可以获得安全作业许可证，保证持证上岗。在具体拆除过程中，随时都要将安全技术交底做好，具体落实到每个作业人员身上，不同区域模块应选择不同的作业形式。每天作业前由现场项目负责人、作业负责人、安全管理人员对作业人员进行安全喊话，告知作业项目潜在的危险及相关注意事项。

5. 现场安全警示标识

在施工作业开始之前，各种警示标识必须保证到位，然后严格按照作业进程进行适当调整。安全警示标识在设置过程中需要以危害识别、风险评价结果作为主要依据，在各个区域中清楚的标注出存在的危害因素，从作业过程可能造成的危害、危险物质带来的危害、作业环境中可能存在的风险等方面展开综合考虑，在作业区域中设定警戒线，这样可以对作业人员起到提示性作用。

6. 确认作业条件

在区域模块中，首先应在系统中选择最低点，利用拆卸法兰的方法将管线拆除，然后将系统中残存的物料排空，由专业检验人员分析可燃气体，以保证其合格。此外，还要注意现场拆除管线标识、现场地沟地漏的封堵、设备管线内部采样分析等工作，预加氢反应器、高温立式换热器等设备拆除前，应做好拆除管线的标志，这样可以从最大程度上避免拆错管线问题的发生。

7. 实施现场安全监护

在拆除作业过程中，应实施全过程、全方位的安全监护与管理，抽调2名生产经验丰富，培训合格的A企业职工，临时组成现场监护队。此外，装置拆除过程实施全程监控，A、B两企业对装置拆除工作实施双向管理，保证每天拆除必须有一辆消防车现场待命。

四、结语

综上所述，该装置实施模块化管理以后，经过半个月的时间完成了预加氢反应器、高温立式换热器、重整反应器及部分管线的拆除工作，并安全运输至B企业，没有发生安全事故。在拆除重整反应器时实施保护性拆除，充分考虑重整反应器里面约翰逊网和中心管的易受损性，制定施工方案保护加固。具体来说，整个拆除作业管理程序非常清晰，每个作业项目都处于受控状态中，拆除作业现场未出现混乱状态，施工计划和施工方案得到了有效的实施，同时拆除作业风险性得到了极大降低。通过划分模块，拆除工艺得到了简化，管理针对性大大增强，最后工作效率得到了极大的提高。通过划分模块，不同区域模块有效隔离开，不同模块作业互相不会影响，因此未发生任何安全事故。

参考文献

[1]吴新阳,周英.提高大庆油田喇二浅冷装置生产能力的探索[J].天然气工业,2011,02:98-102+132.

[2]邱志刚,黄贤滨,刘小辉.炼油化工装置闲置停工设备防腐蚀技术探讨[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2011,03:28-30.

[3]陶杰,田永花,吴谊山,宣英杰,李鹭.钢桩内排泥技术在导管架拆除中的应用[J].中国造船,2012,S1:206-210.

[4]张晓,马春杰,崔航,张喆.高压水磨料射流内切割技术的废弃平台拆除应用[J].世界海运,2012,08:23-25+33.

[5]董海明,赵德强,李超然.0.6Mt/a焦化汽柴油加氢装置的技术改造[J].当代化工,2015,09:2158-2161.

[6]张浩,范振忠,叶志敏,刘天元.提高天然气浅冷装置生产能力的探索与实践[J].当代化工,2016,05:1025-1028.

3.英语模块一作业 篇三

关键词：高中英语;阅读教学;任务教学法

中图分类号：G633.4文献标识码：A     文章编号：1992-7711（2016）04-093-1

前言

20世纪80年代勃雷泊（Prabhu， 1987）从教学的角度提出任务型教学（TaskBased Learning，简称TBL。其目的是使学生通过用语言完成任务的方式学习语言。纽南（Nunan， 1989）对交际任务设计模式的研究以及威莉斯（Willis， 1996）对任务型学习框架的分析，进一步深化了任务型教学的内涵。交互假设、交际效度理论、任务型学习的方法论与社会文化观被进一步提出。这些研究丰富了任务型学习的理论，使任务型教学从单一走向多元化。任务型教学极大地改变英语教学的现状，优化了教学方法，提高了英语课堂教学的效率与质量。

一、教学背景

教学对象是高一新生，英语基础知识和听、说、读、写能力都处于英语中上等水平。现在仍属于初、高中衔接时期，所以在阅读课型上仍不太适应对长篇文章的整体理解。因此，通过学生们积极参与实践、学习和使用英语，调动他们学习英语的兴趣，培养他们的阅读技能是本节课的目标。

二、教材分析

本单元的主题是介绍健康的定义及如何正确保持健康。通过本单元的学生，使学生认识到减肥的危害和正确地保持健康的方法，让学生了解什么是真正的美。本节课是对本单元进行教材重组之后的第2课时，阅读课——Dying to be thin. 通过三篇Email向学生介绍了Amy的减肥经历。

三、教学目标

本课为阅读型课，主要是通过阅读材料让学生抓住要点获取信息。具体目标如下：1.了解三篇email的主要内容;2.使用关键词概括Amy的经历;3.了解什么是真正的美并表达自己的观点;4.学会使用本节课所学的知识来写一封email。

四、教学方法

任务型阅读师生互动

五、教学过程

本节课采用了“自主，互动，探究”的教学方式，辅助以多媒体，达到较好的教学效果。

1.导入。

我采用影像资料导入，让学生欣赏一个关于肥胖的小视频，学生会不时地爆发出笑声，课堂气氛异常热烈。此时趁热打铁，提出问题，导入主题。

【设计意图】 用一个新颖有趣的动画视频引起学生的兴趣，并使学生轻松进入本节课的主题。在本课的教学实践中，教学的第一环节引起了学生极大的兴趣。

2.分析阅读材料。

任务1：快速阅读全文，掌握文章大意。

【设计意图】 使学生快速阅读文章，概括主旨大意。

任务 2 （Email 1）：阅读第一封email并用30个次左右概括大意。

【设计意图】 这是对文章的第一封信的细节理解，使学生能用关键词概括信的内容。读写任务型作文是2014江苏高考试题首次出现的考查题型。

任务3 （Email2）：角色扮演

【设计意图】 采用角色扮演的形式来使学生进一步理解第二封信。

任务4 （Email3）：让学生用三个形容词来概括人物的情感变化。

【设计意图】 让学生学会思考，英语阅读课不仅仅是学习知识点，也要使学生理解文章的感情色彩。

任务5 Please get the meanings of the title.

【设计意图】 这让学生从整体把握这篇文章，理解文章题目的含义。

3.讨论美。

PPT展示流行明星的照片、工人辛勤工作的图片以及母亲照片、子女的照片。

问题：What is true beauty？

【设计意图】 通过展示许多关于美的照片，引导学生认识到什么是真正的美？内在还是外在的美重要？训练学生说的能力，并且情感上达到升华。

4.写作。

引导学生用所学知识写一封email。

【设计意图】 最后用写作来输出。

六、课堂教学评估与反思

任务型阅读活动教学模式的完善与发展基于每堂课后的教学行动反思。因为不同的教师、学生对阅读材料及学习任务会有不同的理解。因此在应用该模式时也会不尽相同。教学模式是艺术定格，艺术则是模式的发展。本节课的反思如下：

1.课堂导入比较轻松，要想激发学生的兴趣，就应该选择他们所喜爱的素材（歌曲、图片）。

2.本节课的讲授遵循了新课标的要求，强调教师不是作为教学的组织者，是学生学习的合作者，学生的主动学习是重中之重，因此必须充分调动学生的积极性。

3.本节课在读和说两方面进行了训练，取得了一定效果。

4.教学中实行多样化的教学组织形式。

总之，本节课以学生为主体，任务型教学为主线，让学生由浅入深的阅读文章，对阅读技能进行了训练，基本达到了预期目标。不足之处是任务设置的有些太多，有部分学生没有照顾到，没有分层设计问题。

[参考文献]

[1]陈红云.高中生读写任务型写作能力现状及提升对策探析.China Electric Power Education，2011.

[2]许文凭.刍议高考英语读写任务型作文的应对策略.中学课程辅导：教师教育，2015.

4.英语模块一作业 篇四

模块一 作业

一、思考题（第1、5为必答）

1.基础教育美术课程包括哪些范畴？

基础教育美术课程包括了造型.表现、设计.应用、欣赏.评述、综合探索。4个学习领域其中造型.应用占有较大比重，欣赏.评述除了艺术单元的内容外其余大多随堂教学分配在各课之中。美术学习活动大致可分为创作和欣赏两类。尽管创作和欣赏都涉及外化和内化两种活动特征，但创作更倾向于外化，欣赏更偏重于内化。由于美术学习具有操作性的特点，所以创作活动占有相当大的比重。“造型与表现”应该说是美术课程的基础，从课程的安排中可以看出来主要是锻炼学生对造型的理解，包括物体的线条、形状、色彩、质感、明暗等要素。充分培养学生的观察能力，我认为这才是重中之重，只有好的观察和感受能力才能有自己想要表达的东西然后才是在掌握造型的基本技巧之后的熟练运用从而达到最终表现的目的。“设计与应用”是义务教育阶段美术学科的重要组成部分，其根本宗旨在于培养学生形成初步的设计意识和动手能力，提高学生学习的兴趣，激发学生的创新精神和创造欲望。每个人都具有创造能力，只是有没有被开发出来的问题。美国学者阿诺德·托因比就曾指出，“为潜在的创造力提供良好的机会，对任何一个社会来说都是生死攸关的事情，如果社会没有让杰出的创造能力发挥出效能，那就是对他成员的失职，并将会给他本身带来只能责怪自己的那种惩罚。”那么在“设计与应用”这类的课程中就是强调学生通过观察激发灵感从而达到创新。而在中学阶段，我认为更重要的是培养学生的创新思维和意识，在平时的教学中就经常鼓励学生大胆的思考而且不要害怕说自己的意见。而有了想法之后就是应用于实践了，在动手的过程中还会有很多新的想法的出现，这个就是设计的乐趣。最后达到培养学生创新意识和手动能力的目的。“欣赏.评述”领域是指学生对自然美和美术作品等视觉世界进行欣赏和评述，逐步形成审美趣味和提高美术欣赏能力的学习领域。本领域注重学生的积极参与，努力激发学生的主体精神，使每个学生都可以对自然美和艺术作品等视觉世界做出自己的评述，是新课改中美术教学中的重要的环节，教学大纲通过这一环节目的让学生在老师的引导下自主的参与和实践来了解美术作品或自然界中所存在的美，能够使学生对美术作品说出自己的观点和看法，从而提高学生的审美能力、思维能力和创新能力。“综合.探索”领域是指通过综合性的美术活动，引导学生主动探索、研究、创造以及综合解决问题的美术学习领域。提供了美术学习领域与其他学习领域之间的结合。美术与现实社会等多方面相综合的活动，发展学生的综合实践能力和探究发现能力，是前面3个领域的综合。教育的方向就是培养新时期的复合型人才，使学生德、智、体、美、劳全面发展。总之，以上四个学习领域划分是相对的，每一学习领域既各有侧重又相互交融，紧密相关，缺一不可，形成了一个具有开放性的美术课程结构。

2.学校美术教育的发展受到哪三种主要因素的影响？

学校美术教育的发展受到：

1、受到教师素质的制约。

2、受到教材与实际脱节的制约。

3、受到学生素质与发展要求的制约。下面谈谈自己的体会。首先，美术学科在现实社会中还受到各方不同程度的弱视。认为是杂科。学校与家长的导向仍然还是以应试为培养导向，现实当中只有读书才能有出息，这本没有错但这种“有出息”的定位却是以考取重点高中与否为标准，学校教育与家庭教育都弱视美术学科，这就使得教育目标过于狭隘。这种现状不得不让人重视中考重视文化课的学习，重视考试成绩，分数至上主义的信仰者在此间也就大量存在。我认为这已经从根本上影响了美术基础教学在农村学校的地位。也直接或间接地影响美术基础教育。

一、受到教师素质的制约。

美术师资缺乏与薄弱，制约美术基础教育。教师是教学活动的主导，起着引导性的关键作用，学校美术师资的配置对于提高美术教学质量有着重大作用。然而，美术师资配置的专业性受到忽视。有些学校特别是民办学校对美术教师的选择随意。甚至没有专职教师，即使有也挪为其它学科作用，没有很好的发挥其作为教学资源的价值。没有专职教师的学校就以闲适的教师代替，这些教师大多年龄较大，没有经过专门的训练，对美术及其教育的相关知识知之甚少。更别说教师教学研究与理论研究。我们不得不感叹学校教师队伍的缺乏与薄弱。

二、受到教材与实际脱节的制约。

学校美术硬件设施的不完善，制约美术基础教育。在美术学科因受到各方弱视，有些小地方城市的学校几乎很难配齐与课程标准、教学用具配置单中最基本的用具、挂图等。同时，也受到教材与实际脱节的制约。教材是教学实践中重要依托，是教学内容的标准与参照。教材中许多内容难于实施。教学中补充或调整课程对于美术师资缺乏与薄弱的学校来说难上加难。

三、受到学生素质与发展要求的制约。

受特殊环境的制约。像农村学校与城市的学校社会环境有着很大区别，农村经济、政治和文化的综合因素影响着人们的生活，影响着学生的学习，学生学习品质的形成在这里也具有特殊性。农村学校美术教学的展开同样受到经济的制约。很多学生都买不起笔、墨、颜料、和画册字帖，只能欣赏，长期的欣赏课教学，让学生觉得乏味，其兴趣的强度也就渐渐减弱。于是在学生的意志，固有的审美心理和弱化的兴趣强度的综合作用对美术产生着及其消极的影响。虽然在我们的教育过程中还存在着这样或那样不和谐的因素。但只要我们学习、运用一些先进的教育理念和教育方法正确地培养与引导学生定会给我们带来灿烂的。

3．您认为本模块的研究促使您思考了哪些问题？您对基础教育美术课程的独特价值有了新的认识吗？

4．请结合您自己的美术教学实践，谈谈您在实施美术新课程过程中取得的成绩。

在新课程实施的当前，学生是主体，是学习的主人。我们强调的是构建有效的美术课堂教学，使学生乐于学习，勤于探究，促进他们的全面发展和个性双发展。结合实践我认为要做到以下几点：

1、创设情境，激发学习兴趣。首先，建立良好的师生关系，使学生在愉悦中爱上美术课堂。其次，在课堂上要注意创设情境，以激起学生的学习兴趣。

2、创设问题，巩固知识。在情境教学中学生的积极性会很高，必然会遇到问题，进而探究问题，解决问题。在这一系列的过程中教师要引导学生达成教学目的，使学生理解知识，掌握技能。

3、好的评价机制，引领学生的前进。在教学中，尤其是美术教学，评价是尤为重要的，评价机制的好坏直接决定着学生对本堂课的印象，进而影响学生对这个学科的学习态度。经过我的实践努力在教学中取得了良好的反响。学生对美术学习越来越充满激情。

5.您认为美术课程实施中还有哪些问题需要解决？您的建议是什么？

应试教育根深蒂固，虽然素质教育提出多年，课程改革实施多年，但从社会、学校、家长、老师、学生无一不把美术当成一门次要的非投入精力的课程来看待。且作为一线的美术教师，认为在美术课程实施中要解决：

1、重视美术课程，加大对美术课程资源的投入。

2、在美术课程中加入“德”、“爱”的拓展教育，提高美术课程的重要性。

3、重视美术课程中的评价。正确的评价有助于学生形成良好的审美观、人生观。

4、结合实际，在美术课程中加入特色的课程，结合当地的实际利用现实资源，进行本土式美术课程教学。

5、教师要自己重视每一节美术课，让每一节课都能上的精彩。要提高教师的思想意识。

综上所述，我认为：

1、要发动全社会都来关爱孩子，重视素质教育，提高美术课程的重要性；

2、教育部门应加大对美术课程资源的投入力度；

5.英语模块一作业 篇五

《中职英语教学方法》作业题

一、作业题目（任选一题）

1.目前，语言教学方法根据其关注焦点分为哪三类，其特点是什么？其代表教学法有哪些？

2.以任务型教学法为中心，完成一份基础英语课教学设计。

3.结合所教专业，完成一项以CBI理论指导的专业英语课教学设计。

4.运用项目教学法知识，结合所教专业，设计一个项目计划，写出项目主题并划分子项目。

二、作业要求

1.答题时写明选择题目，在题目下面写明作者和单位名称。

2.字数要求不少于500字。

3.内容充实，杜绝抄袭，如有雷同，均视为无效作业，成绩为“不合格”。

三、答题内容

6.高一模块一英语必背作文 篇六

I like to see movie so much. When I have time, the first thing I’d like to do is to find the hot movies and then buy some snacks, enjoying my movie hours.

After appreciating so many movies, The Lord of the Rings impresses me the most. This movie has three series and I like them all. Though the moive was made in about , its technology is still not out of date. In the movie, the scenery is so beautiful that I can’t move my eyes away. It was shot in New Zealand and I have made up my mind that I must go there someday and have a look at the beautiful scenery.

The movie shows me a scientific world with all kinds of creatures. It broadens my vision.

7.英语模块一作业 篇七

深圳前湾LNG电厂余热锅炉为杭州锅炉厂生产的NG-M701F-R型余热锅炉, 是M701F燃机燃气蒸汽联合循环的配套设备, 该余热锅炉受热面由高、中、低三个压力系统组成, 各系统的受热面分别交错布置在六个模块中, 燃机排出的高温烟气经由进口烟道进入锅炉本体并依次水平横向冲刷第一模块 (再热器2、高压过热器2) 、再热器1、高压过热器1、高压蒸发器、高压省煤器2、中压过热器、中压蒸发器、低压过热器2, 高压省煤器1和中压省煤器组合、低压过热器1和低压蒸发器、给水加热器2、给水加热器1各受热面, 最后经烟囱排向大气。每个模块沿锅炉宽度方向分成左、中、右三个管屏。每个模块由垂直布置的顺列开齿螺旋鳍片管、进出口集箱、顶部护板与悬吊装置、防振支架与隔音板、底部限位装置、挡烟板等组成。管屏上端悬吊在顶部悬吊装置上, 为便于运行过程中管屏垂直方向热胀冷缩, 管屏下端联箱采用柔性支撑。为防止管束在高速烟气的冲击下产生振动和噪声, 在每个管屏高度方向还设置有防振支架, 在整个模块的宽度方向的不同间距还设置了防振隔音板。

1 运行过程中存在的问题

运行过程中余热锅炉管屏存在振动的问题, 尤其开机过程中偶尔能听到较大的冲击声, 现场能看到再热器1与再热器2之间的连接母管及再热器2出口母管振动较大。带稳定负荷时, 顺烟气流向看, 余热锅炉再热器2入口联箱明显有左右摆动现象, 从该联箱膨胀计来看是以偏左摆动为主, 而前后摆动相对轻微。

三台机组自投入商业运行以来, 余热锅炉频繁出现第一模块爆管泄漏现象。下表为机组投产以来余热锅炉爆管统计, 见表1。

从上表可看出, 爆管集中在第一模块, 即再热器2和过热器2管子, 而其它同类型设备的电厂也出现同样类型问题。

为深入了解炉内情况和探究爆管原因, 利用1#炉检修期间进入炉内观察, 发现炉内再热器2和过热器2管屏防振支架损坏严重, 有的断裂变形, 有的甚至两头断开掉到炉底板上;而管屏上的管子也有部分变形。从掉下来的防振支架内侧刮伤痕迹看, 见图1, 管屏或管子运行当中是左右和前后摆动的。从防振隔音板中间突出小铁块的左右侧管子鳍片看, 见图2, 右侧管子鳍片有受碰撞损坏痕迹, 说明管子在运行中有左摆现象。从爆漏管子的损坏情况看, 见图3, 再热器2有7处爆漏, 都发生在中间管屏前面的管子。从损坏现象看, 都是管子左右摆动与防振架或炉内工字梁磨擦或碰撞, 导致磨薄受损甚至泄露。

2 原因分析

根据观察, 余热锅炉在运行过程中是左右前后摆动的, 并且左右摆动的左摆为主, 下面就这现象从理论上分析其原因。

燃机做功后的高温烟气通过烟道排到余热锅炉入口, 而3 000 r/min的燃机排出的烟气虽经过渡段后, 仍会以一定转速旋转进入余热锅炉。气流进余热锅炉后首先冲刷第一模块管屏, 由于机组从发电机往燃机方向看为顺时针转, 烟气流也顺时针旋转, 作用到余热锅炉管屏上管子上的力可分为因旋转而产生的剪切力和烟气往余热锅炉流动时对管子产生的轴向作用力, 如图4所示。

旋转烟气流在余热锅炉入口垂直面的作用力分布是阶梯式的, 因此, 轴向力最大值在管屏中心位置, 剪切力最大值在管屏中间当中的管子上。从管屏的悬吊和管子布置方式可知, 在剪切力的作用下, 管屏会往左摆, 而在重力作用下回摆;在轴向力作用下, 管屏沿烟气方向摆, 在重力作用下往回摆。此外, 烟气旋流也会造成进入管屏前烟气密度不均, 使管屏或管子因受热不均而造成热偏差, 产生热应力, 从而导致管子的振动和变形。

从以上分析可看出, 第一模块 (再热器2、过热器2) 是余热锅炉烟气入口的第一管屏, 受的轴向力和剪切力最大, 因此这就是为什么经常同类型爆管出现在第一模块中间管屏的机率最高的原因。

3 解决方案

根据分析, 轴向力引起管屏前后摆动, 烟气旋转引起管屏左右摆动, 而左右摆动是管子损坏爆漏的主要原因, 因此, 需要首先解决旋流问题。解决办法是在燃机与余热锅炉之间的烟道上合理装上导流板, 如图5。导流板的作用主要有:a) 旋转烟气通过导流板分割导流后基本变为层流或接近层流, 大大减弱或消除烟气对管屏或管子的剪切力;b) 导流板能改善因旋流而造成烟气密度不均的现象, 有利于余热锅炉受热面受热均匀, 管屏及管子热应力减少, 使因热应力引起的摆动消除或减少;c) 导流板有均流作用, 使管屏所受的轴向力分布均匀, 对整体管屏的压强相对减小, 有利于减弱管屏前后摆动等[1]。

4 结语

通过在燃机与余热锅炉之间合理加装导流板, 使烟气流动状态得到改善, 同时在对烟气流动阻力影响不大的前提下能起到保护第一模块管屏的作用, 从而大大减少再热器2、过热器2的爆管机率, 对其后管屏也有利。

注:本文参考文了 《杭州锅炉厂NG-M701F-R型余热锅炉设计资料》

摘要：介绍了M701F燃机燃气蒸汽联合循环机组余热锅炉运行过程中第一模块容易爆管的问题, 详细介绍了余热锅炉第一模块爆管情况、原因分析及解决办法, 以期为相关工作提供借鉴。

关键词：燃气蒸汽联合循环,余热锅炉,第一模块,爆管,原因,对策

参考文献

8.英语模块一作业 篇八

词汇过关

1.重点单词拼写

1) She is 70 years old, and the skin has become l .

2) It is a idea to play football all day without a break.

3) We usually use g , such as waving, nodding our heads, to talk to people who is far away.

4) To avoid this pollution disaster in the future, we should not i it anymore and please try to pay more attention to our atmosphere.

5)Thank you for your c about the matter of the hawkers in Tak Tai Street.

6) The Smiths are tired of moving now and then and when they got to this little town of California, they finally s down.

7) Most of the farmers in my hometown go out to work at dawn and get back at d .

8) Unlike the grown-ups, most of the t in middle schools are more sensitive than rational.

9) Sorry, I’m not so sure. If you could give me some t , perhaps I could know the answer.

10) “Oh, Sam, I’m only having you on. No need to be u .” said

Frodo.

2. 重点词词形变换

1)It would be to demand of a person who is lack of power of

to become a detective. That’s one of the why I think he is more suitable to be a worker. (reason)

2) Joanna is quite angry that she was by the boss in this task. But in fact I think if she thinks so, she is merely for she is completely in of this task. (ignore)

3) No man can imagine the he got when he lost the game. In fact he was a . He had the ability to win, but he was forced to lose the game. It was for him. (suffer)

4) All the members came to an that Kitty had an voice and that only when she to, should we ask someone else to represent our school to take part in the speech contest. (agree)

5) The doctor asked the patient to be confident in his from the disease, for this kind of disease is , and he was strong enough to from it soon. (recover)

6) The new-born baby was an to the family. “And it brings some

cost to the family.” the mother. (add)

7) Though Tom and John are not very , they can in sign language, which is a common method of between the blind. (communicate)

8) Though Shella tried her best to win the praise of the master on , she still failed it. She was so upset that she wandered in the street . (purpose)

9) As far as I’m , the accident is no of mine, but it my friend. (concern)

10) The two claimed to be born in , and that they knew no other language but . (German)

1.短语积累

add up把某物加起来

get sth done 让某事被做

calm down 安静下来;让某人安静下来

be concerned about 关心;担心

go through 经历;遭受;检查;讨论;被通过

set down 放下;记下;让某人下车

a series of 一系列

to do with 处理

on purpose 故意地;有目的地

at dusk 黄昏时

face to face 面对面

no longer 不再

take no notice of 不注意

suffer from 受某事之折磨

get tired of 对某事感到厌烦

have trouble with 做某事有麻烦

at the moment 目前;现在

get along with 与某人相处

fall in love with 爱上某人

make friends with 与某人交朋友

2. 从上面列举的短语中选择适当的，填入下面的空格中

1) When you these numbers, you will see how many points you have got.

2) Although he is 20 years old now, he still living alone. He even doesn’t know how to wash clothes.

3) Because he of what the teacher said, he didn’t know what he should do.

4) When John and his wife had some arguments, they would sit down together and discuss the problem .

5) Sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt you . I had wanted to throw at the dog.

6) Our parents us all the time while we children seldom take care of them.

7) He was too scared and didn’t know what the accident.

8) At the first sight the boy the pretty girl although he didn’t know whether she loved him.

9) You are a little baby. You must learn to look after yourself now.

10) I too much bad luck. I don’t care to have one more.

重要句型

1. But your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.(P1)

not...until……句型：“直到……才”，主句动词一般需要用短暂性动词，如：finish, hand in, die, go, begin等等。

【词汇网络】not...until可以变化为更加地道的英语句型：

Not until...did/will sb do sth

It was/is not until...that sb did/will do sth

即时强化练习：

用not until翻译下列句子，每句至少用三种句式。

1)直到我去到百货商店我才发现没带钱包。

2)直到她的先生消失在她的视线范围之外，她才痛哭失声。

2. It /This/That is (was) the first/second/third/last time that...某人第一(二，三，最后等)次做某事

在此句型中，若主句时态是一般现在时，即用is，以that引导的定语从句常用现在完成时态。若主句时态是一般过去时，即用was，以that引导的定语从句常用过去完成时态。

This is the first time that I have ever enjoyed this kind of food.

这是我第一次吃这种食品。

It was the third time that he had been informed of the change of the meeting.

这是他第三次被告知会议作了改变。

即时强化练习：

翻译下列句子：オ

1) 那已经是我第五次离开家到广州去学习。

2) 这是我第一次有机会跟你们面对面地交流。

目标解读

1. Ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.(P1)

calm v. & adj.

1) vt.使平静，使镇静

The nurse calmed the little boy by giving him some candy.

保育员给那小男孩一些糖果，使他安静了下来。

He took a deep breath to calm himself.

他深吸了一口气以使自己平静下来。

2) vi.平静下来，镇静下来

The excited football fans calmed down at last.

激动的足球迷最终平静了下来。

3) adj. (心境)平静的，镇静的，沉着的; (天气)平静无风的;

(时代)和平安宁的

The sea was calm after the storm.

经过这场风暴后，大海平静下来了。

After the storm it became calm again.

暴风雨过后，天气又恢复了平静无风。

He was calm when I told him the bad news.

当我告诉他这个坏消息时，他很平静。

【词语辨析】calm, quiet, still与silent

calm平静的，沉着的。指无风浪的或人心情不激动的。

quiet平静的，安静的。指不吵闹的或心境不烦躁的。

still 静止的，不动的。指(人体等)不运动的。

silent 沉默的，缄口的，寂静的。指不讲话或没有声音的。

【拓展】calm down平静下来，镇定下来(既可作不及物动词短语也可作及物动词短语)

The crying child soon calmed down.

哭闹的小孩不一会就安静下来了。

It was difficult to calm down the football fans.

要使足球迷们平静下来是有困难的。

(注意：前例句的calm是不及物动词，后例句的calm是及物动词。)

2. Add up your score and see how many points you get.

add vt. & vi. 增加：添加;(数字等)加(起来);补充说

Add more hot water, please. 请多加点热水。

If you add 4 to 3, you’ll get 7. 四加三得七。

Add up these figures, please. 请把这些数字加起来。

I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.

【派生词】addition n. 增加，附加物;adder n. 「计」加法器

【词汇网络】与add 有关的词组：

add sth. to sth. 把……加到(进)……

add to(=increase)增加

add up to共计(无被动语态);意味着，等于说

add sth. up/ together把……加起来，合计

3. Tell your friend that you concern about him/her.

concern v. & n.

1) vt. to have sth. to do with or relate to 涉及，关系到(一般不用于被动时态)This concerns the healthy growth of children deeply.

这事对孩子们的健康成长关系极大。

2) vt.使担心(挂念)，使忧虑(常用于被动语态)

We’re rather concerned about father’s health.

我们相当担心父亲的健康。

3) n. 所关切的事，关心，担心，担忧

It’s no concern of mine. 这事与我无关。

His mother’s only concern was how to make him study even harder.

他妈妈心里想的全是如何使他学习更刻苦。

【词汇网络】有关concern 的短语还有：

with concern 关切地

show concern for sb. 对某人表示关心

have no concern for 毫不关心

as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言

of much concern 很重要，很有关系

of no concern 无关紧要，没有意义

it is no concern of mine/yours. 这不关我(你)的事。

be concerned about (for) 关心，挂念

We are all concerned for (about) her safety. 我们大家都担心着她的安全。

我们需要注意，在这里从中文角度考虑，应该是主动，但是英语中却必须用被动，类似这样常用被动来表示中文的主动意义的词组还有：

be associated with 与……联合、联系

be attached to 附加于、隶属于……

be based on 以……为基础

be composed of 由……

be connected with 与……连结、连接

be divorced from 和某人离婚

be educated from 从学校等毕业

be employed in 从事于……

be engaged to 和某人订婚

be exposed to 暴露于……，面临于……

be faced with 面对……

be fed up 吃得过饱，对……极其厌倦

be honored with/to瞓e(phr.) 被授予……;因做……而感到荣幸

be involved in 卷入、陷入……;专心于

be married to 和某人结婚

be prepared to do sth 准备好了去做某事

be rooted in 扎根于……

be set in 以……为背景

be used to+v-ing(phr.)习惯于……

be hidden in 藏在某地

be dressed in 穿着

be seated 坐在

另外还有表示情感情绪的动词，当表示“感到……”时，用过去分词，这类动词有：amazed，amused, annoyed，astonished，concerned，confused，delighted，disappointed，discouraged, disgusted，distressed，excited，frightened，interested, irritated，moved，pleased, puzzled，relieved，shocked，touched。

4. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. (P2)face to face 面对面地，类似的“名词+介词+名词”的结构还有：

hand in hand，手牵手地 arm in arm 手挽手地，

side by side 肩并肩地 mouth to mouth 嘴对嘴地

back to back 背靠背地，背对背地，一个接一个，连续地;

see eye to eye 看法完全相同，完全同意，面对面看着(与see连用);face to face 面对面地，当面地，对立地;

front to front 面对面地;

hand to hand 短兵相接地，逼近地，肉搏地;

head to head 头对头地，面对面地，促膝地，交头接耳地;

heart to heart 开诚布公地，心连心地，贴心地，推心置腹地，坦率地，诚恳地;knee to knee 膝靠着膝地，促膝地;

man to man 个人对个人地，一对一地，人盯人地，私下地，坦率地，真诚地;nose to nose 面对面地，迎面(相遇);

shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地，齐心协力地，互助，一致，团结;

5. I stayed awake on purpose. (P2)

stay vi. & link v.

1) vi. 停留;逗留

The doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. ひ缴告诉他，他还得在医院住两个星期。

2) link v.保持，持续不变 (=keep)

How can you stay so cool and calm after such a hot argument?

这样一场激烈的争论过后，你怎么还能保持如此冷静沉着呢?

【词汇网络】系动词的分类记忆：

“变化”类：become，turn, go, get, grow, fall, run, come

“感官”类：feel, smell, taste, look, sound

“显现”类：look, appear, seem

“状态”类：keep, stay, remain, stand, sit, prove

on purpose 故意地;有意地;有目的地

I don’t think he did it on purpose, for he is really a kind person.

我认为他不是故意这样做的，因为他真的是一个好人。

on 在这里表示处于某种状态或在某个方位，类似的短语还有：

on board 乘(车,飞机) on call 听候召唤

on duty 值班 on earth 到底

on fire 着火 on foot 步行

on guard 在岗 on hire 雇用

on holiday 度假 on leave 休假

on one餾 knees 跪下 on one’s way 在……的路上

on purpose 故意 on sale 待售

on shore 在岸上 on time 准时

on the move 行动 on the other hand 另一方面

on the spot 当- on the tip of one’s tongue 快要说出口 on top of 在……的顶部 on watch 值班

6. Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you. (P2)

reason n. & v.

1) n. 「C, U」原因，理由，动机，理性，理智

The reason why (that) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.

【提示】reason后的定语从句的引导词是关系副词why 或that，也可以省略。I have a good reason for doing that =I have a good reason to do that.

我那样做是有充分的理由的。

【提示】reason 后的定语常是介词短语for (doing) sth., 或不定式to do sth.

【词汇网络】①for this (that) reason 因为这个/那个原因

②by reason of由于，因为

2) vt. & vi.推理，推究，劝说

We reasoned that he was lying. 我们推断他在说谎。

Finally I reasoned him into /out of accepting the invitation.

最终我说服他接受(拒绝)邀请。

【词语辨析】reason 与cause

reason 侧重指做某事的理由;cause指导致不良后果的起因。

--What’s the reason for your absence?

你为什么缺席?

--The reason for it is that the traffic was heavy.

我缺席的原因是交通拥挤。

The cause of the big fire was his carelessness.

大火的起因是他的粗心大意。

【派生词】reasonable adj. 合情合理的;reasonably adv. 合情合理地;reasoned adj. 合乎逻辑的

其它 写出单词意思

add point upset ignore calm concern loose cheat reason list share feeling Netherlands German outdoors crazy nature purpose dare thunder entirely power according trust indoors suffer teenager advice questionnaire quiz situation editor communicate habit

add up calm down have got to be concerned about walk the dog go through hide away set down a series of on purpose

in order to face to face according to get along with fall in love

join in

1、 add vt./vi

add up sth. =add sth. up 把…加起来add to sth. 增添、加某事物

add…to… 把…加到…里 add up to=amount to 共计，总计

① If you ____ 5_____3 you will get 8.

② This bad weather ________ our difficulties.

③ His whole school education _______________ no more than one year.

2、 point n./v.

There is no point (in) doing sth. 做…没用，无意义

at/on the point of … 就要…的时候point at/to…指向… point sth. at/ towards sb./ th

① 我们正要离开这时你们来了。 We were __________________ leaving when you came.

② 我们赢(输)了5分。We won (lost) the game ____ 5 _________

③ Can you tell us the main _______ of the story?

④ “That’s the man who did it,” she said, ________________ me.

⑤ The robber _______a gun ________ the bank clerk.

3、 concern vt./n.

be concerned about/for 关心 as concerns=concerning (prep.)关于

as/so far as…be concerned 就…而言 concerned adj. 有关的担心的

① 就英语而言，他是我们班最好的

_______________________________, he is first in our class.

② I am living in school, and mother _____________________me.

③ He doesn’t bother about things that don’t ____________ him.

④ Present at the meeting were leading members of the departments ____________.

⑤ This book deals with questions _________Anti-Japanese War.

4、 share v/n

a) Let Tom play with your toys as well, Clare---you must learn to__

A. support B. care C. spare D. share

b) Culture refers to a group or community ___we share common experiences that shape the way we understand the world.

A. with which B. that C. which D. what

c) 我不得不与家里人共用一个浴室。I have to ___________ the bathroom _________ the rest of the family.

d) 他是唯一的一位与我的观点相同的人。 He is the only person who __________my opinion.

5、 reason n.+ for/to do sth. for the reason of….

a) This is the reason ____he explained to me just now.

A. why B. which C. because D. about which

b) The reason _ he is late is _ there was a breakdown on the railway.

A. why; why B. because; that C. that; because D. why; that

c) Give your reason _____changing the plan.

6、 go through sth.经历忍受或遭受…;被正式通过或接受;仔细检查;(书) 发行次数;用光或消耗…

get through 穿过;(使)通过;使(读)完;接通

a) Two months later, the law _________________.

b) I rang you several times but couldn’t ______________.

c) I have ____________ all my pockets but I can’t find my keys.

d) The dictionary has ____________________ ten editions.

e) When you _____________ with your work, let’s go out.

7、 join ; join in ; take part in; attend

a) Will you ________ the lecture on science?

b) Would you like to _______ us ___ playing football?

c) After ____________ the League, he often helps others.

d) She ______________ the music competition.

e) We _______ a country club that year.

f) We’re going to visit the flower show tomorrow. Will you ____ us?

g) The boy ________ the English Evening and had a good time.

h) He didn’t _________ school yesterday because of his illness.

8、 Put away the tools after work, will you? ________________

He puts away part of his wages each month. ________________

She put away the idea of going home. ________________

He put away his wife without good reasons. ________________

9、 ① --- Is it high time we ______ to school?

---Oh, it’s seven o’clock. Let’s go.

A. will go B. shall go C. went D. would go

② 这是她第一次跟英国人交谈

③每次我见到他，他总是在备课。

10、 It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who+其他成分

a) It was 8 o’clock _____ I went back home last night.

A. that B. when C. which D. what

b) __________you missed such a fine lecture? A. How it was that B. It was how that C. How was it that D. Was it how that

c) I just wonder _______ that makes you so excited.

A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is

d) It was not until she got home __ Mary realized she had lost her keys. A. that B. when C. where D. before

第二单元

词汇过关

1.重点单词拼写

1) I have got three days’holidays I New Year’s Day.

2) She’s busy at p and can’t speak to you.

3) The captain c his army to attack the enemy at night.

4) Don’t respond to any e-mails r personal information, no matter how official they look.

5) I r him as soon as he came in the room， though I hadn’t seen him for years.

6) The new g is made up of ten officials.

7) H difficult the task may be, we’ll fulfill it in time.

8) It is I to turn your back on someone who is speaking to you.

9) He was last seen heading in the d of Miami.

2. 重点词词形变换

1) Everybody laughed, the teacher . (include)

3) Do you like the films by Zhang Yimou?

He is a well-known Chinese . (direction)

4) The police only interview a child in the of an adult. (present)

5) We should study hard for the of China. (modern)

6) These are the world’s leading industrial . (native)

7) Dean’s a really person to have around when things go wrong.

Only Jack is of great at that time.(use)

8) The bag is -it has a hole in it. (use)

9) I’ve known Barbara for years， since we were babies, . (actual)

10) It was a period of population growth. (rapidly)

1. 短语积累

play a role / part in 在……中起作用

be based on 以……为依据

because of 因为

such as 例如，像……这样的

come up 走近

the number of …… 的数量

a large number of 许多

make good full use of 充分利用

2. 用所给短语将下列句子译成英语

1) 运气在他的成功中起了重要作用。(play an important part in)

2) 这出戏以真实故事为基础，很有教育意义。(be based on)

3) 约翰没有出席会议，因为他病了。(because of)

4) 充分利用你所拥有的每一个机会练习讲英语。(make good use of)

5) 今天缺席的学生有五人。(the number of)

重要句型

1.... than ever before 比以往任何时候

即时强化练习：

翻译下列句子：

1) 受到老师激励，我比以往任何暑假都要更加努力工作。

2) 今年的冬天比以往任何时候都冷。オ

2. This is because ……这是因为……

翻译下列句子：

1) 他今天没有来上学，这是因为他病了。

2) 我不要求你按时完成, 这是因为我不想给你太大压力。

3. even if / even though... 即使，尽管

即时强化练习：

翻译下面句子：

1) 即使你不喜欢他，也可客气一点。

2) 即使你不想去，你也应该告诉他一声。

目标解读

1. They are called world Englishes and they include Canadian, British, American and Indian English. (P9)

include vt. 包括，包含

The bill includes tax and service. 账单中包含了税金和服务费。

Your duties include checking the letters and sorting them out.

Ten students took part in the competition, including three girls.

Ten scientists, six women scientists included, were present at the meeting.

【重要提示】including一般位于名词或代词的前面，included则位于名词或代词的后面

【词语辨析】include / contain / hold

include 强调“包括，作为整体的一部分”，侧重范围或整体。

contain 着重“其中包含有”，指在一定范围或容器内容纳某物，侧重包含的内容或成分。

hold 指“能容纳”

The bok contains ten chapters, including American Literature.

This kind of fruit contains lots of vitamin C and B.

这种水果富含维生素C和B。

The hall holds 200 people. 这个大厅能容纳200人。

2. World Englishes come from those countries where English plays an important role as a first or second language, either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an international language.(P9)

because of 是复合介词，表原因，意为“因为”，后接名词、代词、或宾语从句。because 作连词，后跟句子。以原因状语从句形式表明主句的根本原因。

He was late not only because of his illness but also because he missed the train.

【词汇网络】表示“由于”的短语还有：

thanks to “多亏，由于”，只能作状语

Thanks to your advice, much trouble was saved.

due to 可以作表语，状语，不可位于句首

The accident was due to the storm.

owing to 可以作状语或表语，作状语时常用逗号隔开，作表语相当于due to.

Tom’s failing in the exam was owing to his carelessness

Owing to his careless driving, the accident occurred.

as a result of “由于”，作状语

on account of “因为”，作状语

. Would you please come up to my flat for a visit?(P9)

come up 上来，过来;

A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station. (走近，上来)

The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up. (升起)

Your question came up at the meeting. (被提出讨论)

【词汇网络】come up with 想出(计划，答案)

come out 出来，(花)开，出版;结果是

come about 发生

come across 偶然遇见

come along 一起来，一道走;进展;进步

come to 共计，达到

. English is also spoken in many other countries in Africa and Asia, such as South Africa, Singapore and Malaysia.(P10)

【词语辨析】such as, for example

such as 意为“例如，诸如……之类的”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个。如果要把同类人或事物全部列举出来，用that is或namely。

A lot of things can be recycled, such as waste paper, waste plastic bags, and old batteries.

for example举例说明，列举同类人或事物中的“一个”，作插入语，且用逗号隔开，可位于句首、句中或句末。

Most boys in my class like physics. Tom, for example, shows a special interest in it.

5. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.(P13)

such与all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。

There is no such thing as a free lunch.

世上没有免费午餐之类的好事儿。T

here are three such mistakes in your composition.

你的作文中有三个这样的错误。

6. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.(P10)

the number of...表示“……的数量”

a large number of 相当于a good / great many或many，表示“许多的，大量的”其后跟可数名词的复数形式，不可跟不可数名词。如：

The number of trees on the deserted mountain is over 200,000.

在那片荒山上种植的树木数量已超过二十万棵。

A great many (A number of) visitors come to the Palace Museum every year.

每年有大量的游客故宫参观。

其它 写出单词意思

elevator, petrol, gas, official, because of, native, apartment, actually, be based on, at present, gradually, Danish, vocabulary, make use of, spelling, fluent, fluently, Singapore, Malaysia, such as, frequent, frequently, usage, African, Spanish, play a part, recognize, accent

be different from, pay a role(part) in, because of, either …or…, in/on a team, the number of/a number of, than ever before, even if, comp up to, over time, communicate with, be based on, make use of, have one’s own identity, such as, Only time can tell, native speaker, as well as, solve a problem, believe it or not, no such a…, all over the world, at the top(bottom) of, pen friends, to this day, sum up, Pardon?, beg your pardon, go abroad, be used for, more of a …, encourage sb. to do sth., work on, feel like sth., from time to time, English-speaking countries, from one…to another, do business, on the air, would like sb. to do, make notes, fight against, keep…a secret, even though, save time(money), a form of…

1. recognize be recognized as 被承认为 recognize sb. to be 承认某人是…

① --- oh, it’s you! I ______ ________ you. ----- I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.

② Though they hadn’t met for many years，they ______ each other at first sight.

③ Lincoln is recognized ____ one of the greatest presidents in America.

2. direction

in all directions 朝四面八方 under the direction of sb = under one’s direction 在某人的指导下 in the direction of 朝着…方向 from the direction of 从…方向 follow/ obey /listen to one’s direction 听从某人的指导

①. The diretion ____ which the president would go was kept secret ____ safety concern.

A.for; over B. from; about C. in; for D. at; as

②. Generally speaking, when ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

A. taking B. taken C. to take D. to be taken

③. she ______ (问了方向) and then tells her friends.

④. Tom went off _____ ______ _______ and Harry in another.

⑤. He did the work ____ _____ _______.(在我的指导下)

3.Command

Command sb to do sth 命令(要求)某人做某事 have a good command of … 对…精通

Command that … (should) + 动词原型

He commanded that all the gates __________.

A. should shut B. would be shut C. shut D. be shut

4. Request

Request sth of/ from sb. 向某人请求某物 request sb to do sth 请求某人做某事 at one’s request 应某人之请求 request that … (should) + 动词原型

①.Visitors ____ not to touch the exhibits.

A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested

②. The old pianist wouldn’t listen to our repeated request that he ____ in public again.

A. play B. played C. would play D. was going to play

③. He came here ____ A.at my request B. by me request C. by the request of me D. for my request

5. contain, include, cover 区别：

Contain 整体包括部分 A contains B A与B 是不同类事物 或者一个容器中容纳的东西

Include A includes B A与B是同类事物，常用两种表达方式：including sth/ sb= sb’sth included

Cover 钱够...之用;足以支付

①.---- How come a simple meal like this costs so much?

-----We have ____ in your bill the cost of the cup you broke just now.

A. added B. included C. contained D. charged

② We all went, ______ Mary.= We all went, Mary _______.

③ ----- Will $200 ____ the cost of the damage? ----- I’m afraid not. I need at least 100 more.

④ He was worried, because he lost his bag ______ his passport, ID card and a lot of money.

6. present

at present= at the present time 目前;现在 be present at the meeting 出席会议 present sth to sb 把...赠给某人 present sb with sth 赠给某人某物

①All the people _____ at the party were his supporters.

A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important

②. They ______ a sum of money ____ (赠与) the college in memory of their son.

7. more A than B (A/B: adj.原级/n.) 与其说B不如说A

no more than + num. = only 仅仅

①.More than one ___ the people heart and soul.

A. officials has served B. officials have served C. officials has served for D. officials have served for

②.---- Tom is very stupid. He failed to pass the exam once again. ----- He is ____ than stupid.

A. lazier B. no lazier C. more lazy D. lazier rather

8Come up 上升;上来;被提出 come up with (人)找到或提出(答案或方法等)

Come about 发生 come up to 达到 come across (偶然)遇见;碰到

用come有关短语填空：

①. Would you _________ my flat for a visit?

②. The question _______ at the meeting whether we had enough money.

③. She ____________ new idea for increasing sales.

④. I ________ children sleeping under bridges.

⑤. Can you tell me how the accident _________?

9. because of/ due to(不可放于句首)/ thanks to/ owing to 由于 + n./ pron. /动名词/名词性短语

because + 句子 as a result of 因为...的结果 result in 导致 result from 由...导致 填空：

① I didn’t attend the meeting, _________ I was ill.

② He is absent _________ his illness

③ He was ill, __________, he didn’t attend the meeting.

④ His illness ____________ his absence from the meeting.

⑤ His absence from the meeting _______________ his illness.

10. make use of/ make good use of/ make full use of

①If better use ___________ of your spare time, you will make great progress in it.

②she wondered uneasily what use she would ______ ___ this opportunity.

11. the same... as 表示同类的事物 the same ... that 表示同一个事物 the same ... which/ who/ when /where 和...相同的...

①.This pen is not very good; I’d like the same one ______ you are using now.

②.He went back to the same place ______ he had found the ring.

③.The explorer took only such men and things ______ he really needed into the thick forest.

④.I’m lucky enough to find the same knife _____ I lost yesterday.

12. 用because/ why/ that 填空：

① She didn’t study hard. That was _______ she failed in he exam.

② she failed in the exam. That was ________ she didn’t study hard.

③ What caused the accident was _____ the bus was driven too carelessly.

④ The reason _______ he hasn’t come is that he has to send his mother to the hospital.

⑤That is _____ she left her hometown at the age of nine.

第三单元

词汇过关

1.重点单词拼写

1) His paper will be published in the British Medical J next month.

2) We can’t goods in railways.

3) I knew you would be too s to listen to my advice.

4) I I that you go to the hospital immediately; you are very ill.

5) Are you doing the task in the p way?

6) The size of your feet d the size of your shoes.

7) What is you’re a to the idea, agree or disagree?

8) He has a gift for language, and he is f with three languages.

9) He broke the r in high jump in the Asian Games.

10) I was very busy that day, but he p me to take part in the party.

2. 重点词词形变换

1) The of live animals is forbidden. (transport)

2) They scored in the minute of the game. (finally)

3) After a little gentle , Mr.Brown agreed to let us in.(persuade)

4) Her to do well made her keep on studying. (determine)

5) The are all from China. (cycle)

6) The woman showed great in going into the burning building to rescue the trapped child. (brave)

7) The events have been the of conversation for weeks. (topic)

8) The young lady wanted to buy a pair of tennis . (short)

9) Make sure the job is done .(proper)

10) The tourists were caught in the snowstorm in the area. (Tibet)

1.短语积累

keep a travel journal 写旅游日记

see the world through one’s eyes 透过眼睛看世界

agree to sth 同意

on the/one’s journey 在旅途中

as usual 照例;像往常一样

stay awake 保持清醒

keep asking sb. 不断问

one way fare 单程票

at an altitude of 5,000 meters 在海拔5000米的地方

dream about/ of (doing) sth. 梦想做……

graduate from college 大学毕业

persuade sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做某事

get sb.interested in doing sth. 使……对……感兴趣

care about 关心;考虑

a determined look 坚决的表情

change one’s mind / change one’s attitude

change our minds 改变想法

make up one’s mind

make up our minds 决定

give in 投降; 上交

give in to sb. / sth. 屈服;同意……

pass through 穿过

flow through 流经……

make camp 扎营

put up the tent 支帐篷

for one thing,... for another,... 一方面……另一方面……

familiar to sb. 为……所熟悉

in detail 详细地

2. 从上面列举的短语中选择适当的，填入下面的空格中

1) She being famous one day.

2) The only thing he seems to is money.

3) O’Neil was to pressure from London to hurry the reform.

4) How can we him politics?

5) Kate didn’t want to buy that skirt., it was very expensive;

its style was out of fashion.

重要句型

1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.(P18)

此句包含英语中的强调句型：it + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 原句其余部分。要注意：被强调部分表示“人”的话，用that/who, 其他情况下都用that.

It was Jack who/that broke the window yesterday.

即时强化练习:

用强调句型翻译下面句子

1) 我是在那棵树下面捡到这只钱包的。

2) 是他把窗户的玻璃打破的吗?

3) 你是因为什么而没有参加会议的?

2. Are you working this evening?(P21)

此句用现在进行时 are working 来表示按计划进行的将来的动作。

I’m writng the composition at night.お

即时强化练习：

翻译下面句子

今天下午一位美国来宾将在礼堂举行一场英语讲座。

目标解读

1. I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.(P18)

dream about: 做梦;梦见

I dreamt about you last night.

dream of/about: 梦想，幻想

We dream of buying our own house.

【词汇网络】dream away 虚度(光阴)

dream up 虚构出

have a dream 做梦

2. When we graduated from college, we finally got the chance to do it.(P18)

graduate from : (大学或中学)毕业

Wang Ming graduated from Beijing University with a degree in law.

finally: adv. 最后，终于

final: adj. 最后的，决定性的 n.决赛

【词语辨析】finally, at last, in the end，eventually

finally: 可以表示时间位置，相当于at last / in the end; 还可以表示时间的先后顺序，如同first(ly), second(ly), then, last。

at last: 只指时间位置，强调经过周折、等待、耽误的“最后、终于”出现所期待的结果。

in the end / eventually: 只指时间位置，强调经过周折、等待、耽误的“最后、终于”出现所期待的结果(相当于at last)或者出现非期待的结果。

3. Then she persuaded me to buy one.(P18)

persuade: vt. 说服; 信服

persuasion: n. 说服

persuasive: adj. 有说服力的

persuade sb. to do sth/ into doing sth. 说服某人干某事

persuade sb. not to do sth/ out of doing sth 说服某人别干某事

persuade sb. of sth. 使某人信服

I finally managed to persuade Mary to go out for a drink with me.

Don’t let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don’t really want.

He persuaded me not to go there. / He persuaded me out of going there.

We finally persuaded Ben of the wisdom of this decision.

4....she insisted that we find the source of the river and begin our journey. (P18)

insist: v. 坚持宣称/认为(宾语从句的谓语用陈述语气);

坚决要求，一定要(宾语从句的谓语用虚拟语气should + v.)

Mike insisted that he was right.

They insisted that everyone (should) come to the party.

【词汇网络】insist on (doing)sth. 坚持

if you insist 如果你一定要这样

Her parents insisted on speaking to the headmistress.

He kept insisting on her innocence.

--Why don’t you call them up today?

--Oh, if you insist

【词语辨析】insist on, stick to

前者表对“要求、意见、看法等”的“坚持”;后者表对“愿望、原则、决定、诺言或某种理论”的“坚持”

5. She gave me a determined look-the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind. (P18)

1) determine: v. 确定;决定，支配;(官方)确定，规定

determination: n. 决心，(官方)决定

determined: adj.

determine to do sth. 决定做.……

be determined to do sth.有决心干……

We determined to leave at once.

I am determined to find out who is responsible for this.

Determined that his son would do well, Mr.Smith sent him to a private school.

2) change one’s mind(about)改变主意/决定

Try and get her to change her mind about coming with us.

【词汇网络】make up one’s mind (to do sth.) 下定决心做……

be in two minds about 拿不定主意，犹豫不决

set one’s mind on (doing) sth. 下定决心要┳觥…

come to mind 突然想到

put one’s mind to 专心于……

keep one’s mind on 专心于……

keep / bear sth. in mind 记住……

bring / call sth. to mind 回想起……

其它 写出单词意思

journal, fare, transport, prefer, disadvantage, fare, flow, cycle, persuade, graduate, finally, schedule, fond , be fond of , shortcoming , stubborn, care about , make up one’s mind , determine, give in , valley, pace, altitude, bend, boil , forecast, parcel, reliable, organize, journey, insurance, wool, as usual, view , pillow, midnight, at midnight, flame, beneath, temple, cave, change one’s mind,

1 imagine

imagine +v-ing

我难以想象我与那种女子结婚后的情形。

I can’t ______ my ______ a girl of that sort。

2 choose (chose ，chosen)

have no choice but to do sth 除了干某事别无选择

She had no choice but ______away 。

A go B to go C going D to have go

3 persuade

Persuade sb to do=persuade sb into doing 说服某人做某事;

persuade sb not to do=persuade sb out of sth/doing 说服某人不要做某事;

Persuade sb of sth =persuade sb 。+that 从句 使某人相信;

① While shopping ，people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying sth。 They don’t really need。

A to persuade B persuading C being persuaded D be persuaded

② Alice trusts you，only you can ______her to give up the foolish idea 。

A suggest B attract C attempt D persuade

③猎人劝阻我们不要独自穿越茂密的丛林。

The hunter ______us ______through the thick forest alone 。

4 insist

Insist 表达“坚持主张”时，所跟的宾语从句使用虚拟语气;表达“坚持一种说法，看法或事实”时，宾语从句使用陈述语序和相应的时态。

① I insisted that a doctor ______ immediately。

A has been sent for B sends for C will be sent for D be sent for

② He came to my class every week ，but his attitude ______that he was not really interested。

A expresses B described C explained D suggested

5 determine

Determine + n。/determine to do/ determine +从句

Be determined to do 决心做

determined a。 已下决心的(不在名词前);断然的，决然的

①______ to train his daughter in English， he put an ad like this in the paper。“______ ，an English teacher for a ten-year-old girl ，”

A Determined ，Wanted B Determined ，Wanting C Determine ，Wanted D Determining ，Wanting

②她坚定不移要上大学。

She ______ ______ ______ go to university。

6 fun Make fun of 取笑 for fun 为了高兴，为了好玩

①______ at the seaside !

A How fun the children had B What a fun the children had C How fun had the children D What fun the children had

② 独自一个人去参加聚会没什么意思。

It‘s not much ______going to a party alone

7 awake

①When do you usually ______ up?

② I s he ______or asleep?

③ He lay ______ all night。

④ They were making enough noise to ______ the dead 。

8 give in屈服投降让步

give away不小心透露，赠送，免费给予 give off 放出，散发(光，热，烟，气，味)give up 放弃，认输 give out vt。分配，分发 Vi。(食物，燃料，电力) 用光，精疲力竭

① Never ______ ______ the stugy of English

② Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance ，but her trembling voice ______her ______

③ He may ______to my view

④ It is always the husband who ______ first when quarrel breaks out between the young couple 。

⑤ Her patiece finally ______ ______

⑥ The teacher ______ ______ the exam paper 。

9 for one thing 。。。for another (thing)/besides; on (the ) one hand ，on the other (hand)

for one thing 首先。。。一则。。。，陈述两方面的情况常一致，常与for another (thing)/besides(再者，另一方面)呼应; on (the ) one hand ，on the other (hand)常表达相矛盾的两方面

①______ she‘s well eduacated ，______ she is pretty 。

A On the one hand ，on the other hand B for one thing ，for another

C On one hand ，but also D On the one hand ，on another hand

②Tom works very hard。His brother ，______，does‘t do much at all。

A what‘s more B on the contrary C for one thing D for another

③ ______ ， the hotel is near the sea，but ______it costs a lot。

A On the one hand ，on the other hand B for one thing ，for another

C On one hand ，but also D On the one hand ，on another hand

10 care about 关心，对。。感兴趣;在乎

care for 喜欢，愿意，照顾

① I don‘t ______ what others think

② She doesn‘t ______ skating 。

③ I wonder whether they will ______ us all to go there

④ The captain ______ the safety of the crew。

11 用 cost spend pay take 填空

①It ______ us two hours to finish the work。

② Tom ______a lot of money on books。

③ The new bicycle ______ him 100 dollars

④ Mary ______ 200 dollars for the evening dress

⑤ I‘m ______much more time in listening now

⑥ The money I ______ for the service added up to1000dollars every year 。

⑦ It will ______ you 5dollars to fly to London

⑧ The car ______all his savings

⑨ The man got what he wanted ，which is at a ______of his own life and his family‘s happiness。

第四单元

词汇过关

1.重点单词拼写

1) Before the earthquake, you can notice that the wells have c in them.

2) Before the earthquake the chickens and even the pigs are too n to eat.

3) Two-thirds of the people died or were (受伤)during the earthquake.

4) Older students were having difficulty in studying and o themselves.

5) A great part of the city was d in the earthquake.

6) I felt everything s during the earthquake so I couldn’t sit still.

7) She c her face in her hands and cried loudly.

8) Seeing a baby crying in the burning house, the firemen r her from the house.

9) She is always healthy. Whenever I see her, she looks f .

10) J from his appearance, the manager can’t be over 60.

2. 重点词词形变换

1) Whether the can be separated is not an international affair, but a one. It is up to the people to decide. (nation)

2) Please wipe the off the table. The room looks with

the table. (dirt)

3) Most people protect themselves fromto their self-esteem, for they think if their self-esteem wasgreatly, they will feel. (injure)

4) from the result, the of the match must have controlled the match quite well. Do you agree with my ? (judge)

5) can be found everywhere. Sometimes one’s hair seems . Some equipment can be . (electricity)

6) As , some were wounded when they were trying to find out something of the government .(report)

7) We visited the of Yuanmingyuan last summer. It by the foreign invaders. Seeing the palace we feel very pitiful. (ruin)

8) Taste and are closely connected. If you can’t the food, you can’t taste it either. (smell)

9) The felt happy that they were able to the accident and joked that it was because of the of the fittest. (survive)

10) We all felt to be invited to take the action and we promised on our that we would do it bravely, even if we died . (honour)

1.短语积累

shake hands with 握手

as usual 像往常一样

break out 爆发

right away 马上;即刻

a number of 许多;大量

to the north of 在……北面

put up 举起;张贴

be proud of 对……感到自豪/骄傲

judging from 根据……判断

be known as 作为……而出名

come out of 从……出来

too...to... 太……而不

give out 用完;出故障;分发;宣布

be trapped under the ruins 陷在废墟下

instead of 代替

in honour of 纪念

tens of thousands of 几万

more than 超过;不仅仅

fall down 倒下

at an end 结束;终结

dig out 挖出;查明

wake up 醒来

in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪

2. 从上面列举的短语中选择适当的，填入下面的空格中

1) A terrible earthquake hit the city and in a few seconds the whole city lay .

2) It’s a custom others when they meet in China, while in Japan they bow to each other.

3) following his father’s advice, Jack did just the opposite, which made his father angry.

4) from his expression, he must have won a prize.

5) The whole class the boy student who won the first prize in the English Contest, for he was the honor to their class.

6) The children were busy a tent and it would be completed before dark.

7) Meizhou the Capital of Hakaees, for there are most Hakaees living there.

8) The monument (纪念碑) was set up those who died in the terrible disaster.

9) The monitor helped the teacher the graded test papers.

10) The terrible shaking of the building all the people who were sleeping.

重要句型

1. What do you think may happen before an earthquake? (P25)

疑问词 + do you think/suppose + 陈述句语序的句子?

When do you think he will arrive here?

你认为他什么时候能到这里?

シ译下列句子：

1) 你认为是谁拿走了我的雨伞?

2) 你想我们什么时候来制定计划?オ

2. It seemed that the world was at an end! 似乎是世界末日!(P26)

It seems/appears/happens + that从句 “似乎/碰巧……”

=Sb/sth seem/appear/happen+to do sth 某人似乎/碰巧要做某事。

Sb/sth seem/appear/happen+to be doing sth 某人似乎/碰巧在做某事。

Sb/sth seem/appear/happen+to have done sth 某人似乎/碰巧做过某事。

It seems that we will have a hard time. = We seem to have a hard time.

似乎我们将要过一段艰难的时光。

翻译下列句子：

1) 似乎他从未思考过这样的问题。

2) 碰巧当时大家都在室外干活。

目标解读

1. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. (P26)

rise：

1) vi. 上升

The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.

起立;起床

Knowing that she wouldn’t help, he rose and set off for home.

知道她不帮忙，他站起来回家了。

增长

The cost in supporting a family is rising quickly recently.

维持一个家庭的费用近来迅速地增加。

2)n. 上升;上涨;升起

a rise in price 价格的上涨

give sb. a rise 给某人提工资

at the rise of the sun 日出之时

【词语辨析】rise与raise

(1) 两者都可表示“升起”之意，这时rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词。The price of meat has risen sharply lately.

最近肉价上涨很快。

The butchers will raise the price of meat in a few weeks.

肉商几个星期内将提高肉价。

(2) 表示“起立、起床、增长”时只能用rise。

Although very tired, when hearing the alarm, he rose from the bed quickly.

虽然很累，当听到闹钟响起时，他迅速地从床上爬起来。

(3) 表示“饲养、提出”时要用raise。

He is just the person who raised such a good plan.

正是他提出了这么好的计划。

2. Two thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake. (P26)

injure 受伤;伤害

He was badly/seriously injured in the accident.

他在事故中严重受伤。

Drinking too much surely will injure one’s health.

喝太多酒当然会伤害到一个人的健康。

injured adj. 受伤的

injury n.伤口;受伤处

【词语辨析】injure: 受伤

wound: 受伤(一般强调外伤)

harm: 意指无形的伤害，“对……有害”

hurt: (肉体或精神上的)伤害，强调疼痛

Don’t often listen to the loud music. It will harm your hearing.

In the modern war, not many soldiers were wounded or killed.

Your words really hurt him a lot.

He fell from the second floor and was badly injured /hurt.

3. In the farm yards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. (P26)

too...to... 太……以至不能……。例如：

The boy is too weak to lift the heavy box.

这男孩太虚弱，举不起那个重箱子。

当too...to...跟少数形容词(如ready,glad,pleased,apt,willing,inclined，eager, easy, satisfied等)搭配时，不定式无否定意义。例如：

He is too ready to promise.他轻于许诺。

Beginners are too apt to make mistakes.初学者极易出错。

He is too much inclined to give himself airs.

他太喜欢装模作样了。

需要注意的是，too... to... 的否定形式not too... to... 的意思是“不是太……而不能”。 例如：

He is not too young to dress himself.

他不是小得连衣服都不会穿。

It is never too late to learn.活到老，学到老。

too还因此形成一类特殊而重要的用法，具体如下：

cannot(或can never)... too... 表示“怎么……也不会过分”、“越……越好”的含义。如：

One can never be too careful in one’s work.工作越细越好。

One cannot be too careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.

因为这是一个如此重要的问题，所以在做出决定时无论怎样谨慎都不过分。 You cannot praise the play too highly.

这出戏你无论怎样称赞都不会过分。

4. But one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night. (P26)

think little of 不重视;认为没价值

It is wrong to think little of everything. 对什么都不在乎是不对的。

She thought little of my work. 她不看重我的工作。

【词汇网络】类似词组：

think much of 认为某人很重要

think better of sb. 对某人印象好;看重某人

think better of sth. 改变……念头;打消主意

think highly of 看重;器重

think well of 重视

think little of 看轻;看不起

think poorly of 不放在眼里;轻视

think nothing of 轻视;认为无所谓;认为没什么了不起

as usual 照例;和平常或习惯一样：

As usual, I slept late that Saturday morning.

和平时一样，那个星期六早晨我起得很迟

5.Sand now filled the wells instead of water. (P26)

instead adv

1) 替代;更换

If you cannot go, let him go instead.

如果你不能去，让他替你去。

2) (与of连用)代替

We’ll have tea in the garden instead of in the house.

我们将改在花园喝茶，而不在屋里喝。

6. Describe your feelings about the city, which is known as the “Brave City of China”. (P29)

1) be known as +身份

2) be known for... 因……出名

The area is known as a green tea producing places.

这个地方是以绿茶生产地而闻名的。

The town is known for its fine park.

这个小镇以它精致漂亮的公园而闻名。

3) be known by 根……而得知

A person is known by the company he keeps.

根据他经营的公司可知道他这个人。

4) be known to 被某人所了解

It is known to all that theory comes from practice.

大家都知道理论来自实践。

7. One other thing to remember. (P31)

one other :应该注意限定词顺序,

“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。如:both my hands、all half his income等。

8. An outline will prepare you to write a better story. (P31)

prepare

1) prepare “准备;预备;筹备;制作;配制”

①prepare + 名词或代词。例如：

He has prepared his lessons. 他已备好课了。

②prepare + 双宾语(间接宾语和直接宾语)。例如：

The secretary has prepared the president a long report.

= The secretary has prepared a long report for the president.

秘书已为董事长准备好了一份长篇报告稿。

③prepare + 动词不定式短语。例如：

They are busy preparing to go on vacation.

他们正忙着准备去度假。

④prepare + for (或 against )引起的短语。例如：

The students are busy preparing for the mid-term examination.

学生们正忙于为期中考试作准备。

The peasants are preparing against the drought.

农民们正在为抗干旱作准备。

2) prepare“使(人)作好准备;叫(人)作准备”：

①prepare + sb/oneself + for sth.例如：

He was preparing himself for the marathon race then.

他当时正在为参加马拉松比赛而作准备。

②prepare + sb/oneself + 动词不定式短语。例如：

He prepared himself to take out a license for a driver.

他为取得汽车驾驶执照作了准备。

3) 过去分词 prepared 用于系表结构，意思为“为……做好准备;打算”：

①be prepared + for (或 against )引起的短语。例如：

They were prepared for the worst.

他们已准备好应付最坏的情况。

② be prepared + 不定式短语。例如：

I am not prepared to listen to all your weak excuses.

我不愿听你那些不成借口的借口。

其它 写出单词意思

earthquake, quake, right away, well (n.) , million , event , pipe, burst, as if, at an end , nation , canal, steam, dirt, ruin, in ruins , suffering, extreme, injure, destroy, brick, dam, track, useless, steel, shock, rescue, trap, electricity, disaster, dig out, bury, mine, miner, shelter, a (great ) number of , title, reporter, bar, damage, frighten, frightened, frightening, congratulation, judge, sincerely, express, outline, headline, cyclist

shake,well,rise,smelly,pond,pipe,burst,canal,steam,ruin,injure,destroy,brick,dam,useless,steel,shock,quake,rescue,electricity,disaster,army,organize,bury,coal,mine,shelter,fresh,percent,speech,judge,honor,prepare,Europe.crack, survivor, miner

right away, at an end, dig out, give out, thousands of

重点句子

1. Farmers’ wives noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.

2. It seemed as if the world was at an end!

3. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.

4. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

shake, rise, crack, burst, well, smelly, pond, steam, destroy, ruin, injure, survivor, brick, useless, shock, quake, rescue, electricity,

disaster, organize, bury, coal, mine, shelter, fresh, percent, honor, prepare.

② 短语：right away, at an end, lie in ruins, be trapped under sth, to the north of sp, put up, give out, wake sb up, prepare sth for sth., think little of sth.

选词填空

dream of , make up one’s mind, change one’s mind,

give in, give up, insist on, stick to, determine to

John is a mountaineering-lover, who has _________conquering the Alps, a mountain with an altitude of 4804 meters since he was a middle school student. However, his mother thought that mountaineering was such a dangerous sport that she always tried to persuade him to _________. It is his deep love for climbing that made him __________ realizing his dream.

One day, John got the chance to climb the Alps. His friends __________ form a team to pay a visit to the Alps and of course John joined them happily. In order to do the trip properly, they examined every detail. Feeling his son’s great determination, John’s mother knew that he would not_____________. Finally, John and his friends succeeded in conquering the Alps.

第5单元

词汇过关

1.重点单词拼写

1) We should pay more attention to the q as well as the quantity.

2) He is always w to help anyone who is in t .

3) Whatever difficulty you meet, I hope you will never lose h .

4) Everything needs to be done according to a certain (原则,原理)

5) People in Iraq are dreaming of living a p life, that is they hope to live in p .

6) The thief was caught and was s in p for 3 years.

7) During the p when I was in my university, I studied l myself and became a l after graduation.

8) The final examination is coming. Our teacher a us to go over

our lessons carefully.

9) If it c to rain for some days, the crops would be destroyed.

10) If he gets that (职位)，I think he can do it well.

11) He received a sum of money, but he didn’t want to a it.

12) They don’t want to solve the problem with v . Instead, they hope to solve it in a peaceful way.

13) In some countries, especially in some poor countries, women are not

really e to men.

14) If you feel cold while sleeping, you can add a b on your quilt.

15) As a well-e person, it’s hard for us to imagine that she treat the boy with such (残忍).

2. 重点词词形变换

1) The pupils got to know that Liu Hulan was a and died and they were moved by her deeds. (hero)

2) They were so that they cut the man into pieces . We all felt sure that they would be punished by their . (cruel)

3) He is really a man with many , but do you think you are

enough to do the work? (quality)

4) Let him do what he . He is not to do that if it is against his . (will)

5) pay for work. That’s our rule. If we can’t treat every client , we will break the in our company. (equal)

6) We all enjoy the of the countryside, for we can live with the nature and live a life there. (peace)

7) You are not allowed to commit any , or you will become

a and be sentenced to prison for the act. (crime)

8) The big waves beat the coast . The wind blew with great , which caused a storm. (violence)

9) If this proposal is to you, you must it. In this way the proposal will meet with general . (accept)

10) She is always having the of snakes. She finds it to come across a snake, which will her very much. (terror)

1.短语积累

put...into prison 把……投进监狱

in fact, as a matter of fact事实上

fight against 与……作斗争

come to power 上台执政

break the law 违反法律

without pay 没有报酬

lose heart 灰心;泄气

be active in 积极参加;活跃

be willing to do something 愿意做某事

be out of work 失业

be stopped from doing something 被阻止做某事

answer violence with violence 以暴制暴

be in good health 健康良好お

blow up 发脾气;爆炸

ask for 索-

be in trouble 处于麻烦中

die for 为……而死

advise somebody to do something 建议某人干某事

in reward for 作为……的回报

set up 建立

be sentenced to 被判处……

worry about 为……担心

be free from 免去……之苦

2. 从上面列举的短语中选择适当的，填入下面的空格中

1) Whatever great difficulty we meet, we’ll never .

2) If you can’t finish the work on time, you’ll be .

3) Your parents are you: do make a phone call to them.

4) She has been for a year and is looking forward to being in work again.

5) People expect to pollution and live in a pleasant environment.

6) -- I thought you wouldn’t mind.

--Well, I don’t; but you should have asked me first.

7) Several people were killed and many were hurt when a bomb at the busy street.

8) As soon as he arrived in Paris, he for the wrongs his family had done.

9) As a Jew, Einstein was forced to leave his homeland after Hitler .

10) The government has a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.

11) He death because of killing someone on purpose.

12) The women workers should the men in pay since they do the same work.

重要句型

1. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress. (P34)

拟人用法：时间、地点 + see/eyewitness + 事件。

1949 eyewitnessed the foundation of the People’s Republic of China.お

即时强化练习：

翻译下列句子：

1) 我们学校是1993年成立的。

2) 在这个村庄曾经发生过一次灾难。

2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. (P34)

Only+状语+部分倒装句

Only in this way can we find the correct answer.お

即时强化练习：

翻译下列句子：

1) 只有当你遭遇过这样的事情后你才会相信。

2) 只有在这样的一个家庭你才有这样的好生活。

目标解读

1. Will you help others with their work if they ask you? (P33)

help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事

Would you please help me with my homework?

help的其它用法：

1)help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事。

Can you help me to learn English?-

2)help oneself ( to sth )自用(食物等);随便拿

Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼。

3)help sb. into/ out of 搀扶某人进入 / 走出。

He helped the patient out of the hospital.

他搀扶病人走出了医院。

Can you help the patient into the hospital?

你能搀扶病人进医院吗?

4)help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。 When I’m in trouble, he always helps me out with money.

每当我处境困难时，他总是用金钱帮助我渡过难关。