高二磁场单元导学案(共5篇)(共5篇)
1.高二磁场单元导学案 篇一
Reading 预习案
Task one Choose the best answers
1. Dolly the sheep __________
A. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg.
B. was the exactly copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus.
C. look like the sheep that gave birth to it.
D. had the characteristics of all the three sheep.
2. How many female sheep are involved in the cloning? ___________
A. Four. B. Three. C. Two. D. One.
3. In the second paragraph, the word “straightforward” means ____.
A. uncomplicated B. honest C. frankD. difficult
4. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?
A. Cloning can be used for medical purposes.
B. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning.
C. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.
D. Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.
5. Which of the follow is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text?
A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.
B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.
C. There are moral objections to cloning human beings.
D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.
6. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably live_____ years.
A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 13
7. What is the writing style?
A. Expositive. B. Descriptive. C. Argumentative.
8. The writer’s reaction towards cloning is____
A. Positive B. Negative C. neutral /Objective
Task two Find the phrases in the text and remember them
1.从---受益(P10下) __________________ 2.问题出现(P10下) __________________
3.与…完全相同_________________
4. 从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来______________________________________________________________________
5. 在性别和相貌上完全相同_____________________________________________
6. 自然克隆现象______________________ 思考: 人造克隆__________________
7. 两大用途___________________________________________________________
8. 用来生产大量的供商用的植物_________________________________________
9. 科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报___________________________________
10. 从…中取出(2个 图下小字)________________ ________________
11.关注着首例成功的克隆动物的进展_____________________________________________________________________
12. 令人烦扰的消息_____________________13. 使沮丧_____________________
14. 适合于---的;适当的________________________________________________
15. 一方面….另一方面….. ______________________ ________________________
16. 引起了一阵强烈反对________________________________________________
17. 对媒体产生巨大的影响______________________________________________
18. 打开人们对…的眼界________________________________________________
Task three Fill in the blanks
Cloning is a way of making an_________ copy of another animal or plant. It can be used to clone plants and ___________. Cloning plants is _____________ while cloning animals is very _____________. However, the determination and patience of the scientists ________ _______with the birth of Dolly. But then came the _____________news that Dolly had become seriously ill. The fact ________ Dolly lived six, half the length of the life _________ __________ the cloning scientists. Dolly’s appearance _______ a storm of objections and had a great __________on the media and the public imagination. Scientists still wonder ____________cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.
Reading 课内探究案
【自主学习】
I. What is the main idea of the passage?
The passage tells us that____________ cloning raised ______________and scientists are not sure about its_____________.
III. Fast reading: True or false.
1. Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant. ( )
2. Gardeners can make a lot of money by cloning plants. ( )
3. Cloning animals is as complicated as cloning plants. ( )
4. Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of a mammal. ( )
5. Natural clones happen in animals as well as in plants. ( )
IV. Number the main ideas of the paragraphs.
___.Cloning has two major uses and successful clone.
___.Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant(definition)
___. The effect of Dolly.
___. It is forbidden to clone human beings.
___.The problems of Dolly.
【合作探究】
Step one Find answers to the following questions
1. Read para1 and answer the following questions.
1) What is cloning?
2) How cloning happens in plants?
3) What about in animals?
2. Read para2 and answer the following questions.
1) What are the two major uses of cloning?
2) Why is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones?
3. Read the procedure of cloning Dolly the sheep and translate it into Chinese.
4. Read para3 and 4 and finish the following table.
Way of birth
Life span
Cause of death
Reflections on Dolly
5. Read para5 and describe different attitudes towards human cloning..
Step two Discussion
Read the whole passage again and fill in the following chart.
Problems or dangers of cloning Advantages of cloning
Step three Translation
1. Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.
2. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.
3. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in with a breakthrough-the cloning of Dolly the sheep.
4. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.
5. The questions that concerned all scientists were: “Would this be a major difficulty for the cloned animals? ……”
6. On the other hand, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.
7. It suddenly opened everybody’s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness and even to produce human beings.
8. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.
【精讲点拨】
1. It is a difficult task to undertake. 译文:__________________________________________
句中it 是形式主语吗?_________ 它具体指代什么?__________________________
划线部分做什么成分?______________________
2. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 译文: _____________________________________________________________________ 本句是部分倒装还是全部倒装?_____ 什么规则让它倒装?____________________________
that 引导________ 从句,可以省略吗?________
3. Could it be solved if corrections were made on their research procedure?译文: _____________________________________________________________________
4. Find a sentence to replace the following one:
Suddenly human beings realized that they may cure serious illnesses or clone themselves by means of cloning.
_____________________________________________________________________
【课后延伸】Improve your writing ability:
写作情景:今天我们班同学讨论了有关克隆的问题。同学们热烈发表了评论和表达了自己的看法;他们主要有两种不同的意见:
写作内容:
支持者认为克隆利大于弊,克隆技术是21世纪人类科学的伟大突破。人类可以利用克隆技术培养大量品质优良的动植物;挽救珍奇濒危动物;调节大自然的生态平衡;可以研制高水平新药解决人类各种疾病等。
反对者认为克隆会导致动物早衰、夭折;无计划的克隆动物会破坏生态平衡,导致一些疾病的传播;邪恶分子可能克隆自己,给人类带来灾难等。
同学们利用你课本中所接触的词汇和句式,学习正常的英式表达,让自己体会一下英语写作带来的成功。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Words and expressions
【课内探究案】
Step one Words
1. differ V 不同,相异
In pairs, look at these pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made. Explain how they differ.(课文原句)
1) Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak .
2) The two lawyers differed about how to present the case .
归纳:
1) differ from… ____________(汉语)
2) differ in … _____________
3) differ with sb about/on sth .____________
即时应用:
Leaves are found on all kinds of trees ,but they differ greatly _______size and shape.
A. on B . from C .by D. in
用介词 from, with, on, about, upon 或 in 填空。
1) We differ _________ him _________ that question.
2) The two nations differ _____________culture and religion.
3) The climate here differ ___________ that of the South.
2.undertake v.着手 ;从事
The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course.(课文原句)
1) I can undertake the responsibility for the changes.
我愿意承接这项变革的责任。
2) He undertook to be our guide .
归纳:
undertake sth 承担某事
undertake to do sth 许诺做某事/ 同意做某事
undertake that …保证…
undertaking ( n ) 用单数/任务/事业/保证
即时应用:完成下列句子。
(1) He will ___________________ next month (去旅行).
(2) He ________________________________ (承担了一项新任务).
3.forbid vt.禁止,不准,不许
Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human cloning.各国政府恐慌不安, 有许多政府命令禁止克隆人类的研究。(课文原句)
1) Smoking should be forbidden in public places.公共场所应禁止吸烟。
2)Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.因篇幅所限,此处不便对本题作进一不步阐述。
3)Her father forbids her wine. = Her father forbids her to drink wine.
forbid sth. / doing sth./ sb. to do sth./ sb. (from)doing sth./ sb. sth/ that…(should) do
即时练习:完成下列句子
(1) The school ___________________________________ (禁止学生吸烟).
(2) He is forbidden to _______________________________ (进入这个房间).
4.obtain vt 获得,得到。
近义词辨析:obtain, acquire, get, gain
obtain knowledge (result, prizes ,approval)获得知识(结果,奖品,承认)经过努力获得。get 为最常用语,gain 指需要做出比obtain 更大的努力才能获得,还有增加重量之意。acquire 指经过努力获得的语言,技术等抽象的东西。
即时练习:
1) 用这种方法,你可以得到好的结果。
__________________________________
2) No pains, no __________.
Step two Phrases
1. cast down 沮丧 ,不愉快
Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illness were more appropriate to a much older animal.
归纳拓展
be cast down = feel discouraged cast away丢弃, 抛弃, 使失事, 使漂流
cast off 放弃;丢弃, 摆脱 cast out赶走, 驱逐
即时练习:
将下列句子译成英语
(1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。
________________________________________________
(2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。
________________________________________________
2.pay off 得到好结果,取得成功,偿清
1)Two hundred workers have been paid off .
2) Lily studied hard before the exam, and it paid off, he made an A.
归纳拓展:
pay sth off 还清 pay sb back for sth 因….报复/惩罚某人 pay sb back sth 还某人某物 pay for sth 付…的钱
将下列句子译成英语
(1) 下周我将还你的钱。 ____________________________________________
(2)___________________(他的努力没有白费)when the girl accepted his proposal .
【检测讲义】
一、单词拼写
1. The brothers d_____ widely in their tastes.
2. The question is quite s_______ , while that one is much more complicated.
3. It is quite d_____ to hear the bad news.
4.The film was a _____ (商业的)success.
5.I’d like to come, too, if you have no _____(反对).
二.句型转换
1.At the beginning, he was against my proposal. However, in the end, he changed his mind.
At first he hesitated about my suggestion , but he _____ ______ agreed.
2.Later they learnt that an earthquake had taken place in that area.
Then ______ _____ _____ that the area had been hit by an earthquake.
3.Although he was not strong, he joined in the work.
_____ ______ _____ weakness, he took part in the work.
4.We are still far from being able to clone extinct animals.
We are still _____ _____ _____ from being able to clone extinct animals.
5.They don’t know if the new policy is in their favor.
They _____ _____ this new policy can bring benefit to them.
三.翻译句子
1. 人与动物的不同之处在于人能说话。(differ)
2.他为克隆承担全部责任。 (undertake)
3.作为惩罚,他被禁止克隆人类。 (forbid)
4.受到这样的惩罚,他很沮丧。 (cast down )
5.最后他的努力没有白费。 (pay off )
Using language
【课前预习案】
Step one Important words and expressions:
1. vt 打;击__________________ 2. initial _____________________
3. vt. 抵抗:抵制_____________ 4.reasonable__________________
5. n. 缺点;不利条件___________ 6.from time to time_____________
7. vt 崇拜;爱慕______________ 8. in vain______________________
9. Phr. 状况很好/坏____________ 10. bring back to life _____________
Step two Crazy reciting
1. From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life through cloning.
有人不时建议,像恐龙那样已灭绝的动物可能会通过克隆使之复生。
2. All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there’s not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.
如果某个动物群体没有足够的多样性以战胜疾病,那么克隆这种动物的所有努力都将是无用的。
a) But in fact we are a long way from being able to clone extinct animals.
但事实上,要想克隆绝种动物,我们还有很长的路程要走。
b) Unfortunately, with what we know now, this is either impossible or unsuitable.
不幸的是,据我们现在所知这是不可能的,也是不合适的。
自主学习
Read the text and finish the three questions:
Give reasons why it is either impossible or unsuitable to clone extinct animals
Reason 1:_________________________________________________________
Reason 2:_________________________________________________________
Reason 3:_________________________________________________________
合作探究
Step one Read the text, and then tell whether the following sentences are true or false.
1. Scientists are still experimenting with cloning mammals because they think it can
make money.
2.The animals that have disappeared from the earth, like dinosaurs, can be brought
back to life through cloning.
3. If we can clone any extinct animals, we should let them live in a zoo.
Step two Analyze and translate the following sentences.
1. The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts.
___________________________________________________________________
2. The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
____________________________________________________________________
仿造例句:他不想上大学的原因是如果他上学去了,将没人照顾他生病的妈妈。
The reason ______________________________________is __________________, no one can look after his sick mother.
3. Based on what we know now, you cannot done animals that have been extinct longer than 10, 000 years.
_____________________________________________________________________ 精讲点拨
Words and phrases
1. strike vt, vi (struck. struck) 打;撞击
课文原句:The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts.
(1) The clock has just struck three. ____________
(2) They struck for better working conditions._____________
(3) The area was struck by an outbreak of cholera._______________
(4) An awful thought has just struck me.
(5) Struck by her beauty, I fell in love with her at the first sight._____________
(6) Strike a match____________
(7) Strike while the iron is hot. __________________________________
2.resist vt 对抗;抵制
课文原句:The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to their children.
pass on…to…________________resist v ___________
resist sth. __________________resist doing sth. ___________________
can’t resist doing sth. _____________________
3. in vain 白费力气;枉费心机
课文原句:All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.
In vain did they try to persuade her to go
归纳:____________________________________
有效训练.
1. 他体重超重,健康状况不佳。
He is overweight and ________________________.
2. 我们所有的努力都付诸东流。
_________________________________________________________________
3. 我突然想到我们如何能改善局面了。
___________________________________________________________________________
Unit 2 Book 8 Cloning
Reading 预习案
Task one 1-8 BBACDDAC
Task two 1. benefit from 2. problems arise 3. an exact copy of 4. take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones 5. identical in sex and appearance 6. natural clones man-made clones 7. two major uses 8. use it to produce commercial quantities of plants 9. at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off 10. remove … from take … out of 11. follow the progress of the first successful clone 12. the disturbing news 13. cast down 14. be appropriate to 15.on the one hand … on the other hand 16. raise a storm of objections 17. have a great impact on the media 18. open everybody’s eyes
Task three exact; animals; straightforward; complicated; paid off; disturbing; that; cast down; raised; impact; whether
Reading 课内探究案
【自主学习】
I. animal; arguments; future
II. FTFTT
III. 2. 1. 4. 5. 3
【合作探究】
Step one
1. 1)Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.
2) It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.
3) It happens in animals when identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.
2. 1) Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.
2) Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.
4.
Way of birth Cloning
Life span Six and a half years
Cause of death Illness appropriate to a much older animal
Reflections on Dolly Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It suddenly opened everybody’s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness and even to produce human beings.
5. Religious leaders raised normal questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and UK continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. Some evil leaders hoped to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.
Step two Discussion
Problems or dangers of cloning Advantages of cloning
Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals. Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illness in humans.
Animal clones may die younger than the cloner animals. Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.
Evil leaders may want to clone themselves. Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.
There are moral objections to cloning human beings. Cloning can help save endangered animals.
Step three Translation
1. 克隆一直与我们同在,而且它还要持续下去。
2. 当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来培植新植物时, 就会产生这种现象。这种现象也发生在动物身上,从用一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。
3. 但是,科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报,这就是具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。
4. 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上,这让他们很沮丧。
5. 科学家们的脑海里产生的问题是“这是不是所有克隆动物的一个主要困难呢?这种现象会不会永远发生?如果改进研究程序,问题会不会解决?”
6. 另一方面,多莉羊的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对,对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。
7. 它突然打开了人们的眼界,看到了有可能利用克隆技术来治疗重病,甚至还有可能克隆出人类。
8. 各国政府惶恐不安而且更加谨慎。有些政府开始改革司法制度,明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究,但是其他国家,如中国和英国,则仍然在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。
【精讲点拨】
1. 那是一项很难完成的任务。不是,指代cloning animals,后置定语。
2. 接着传来了多利病重的坏消息。全倒装,当表示方位或时间先后的副词放句首,谓语动词是不及物动词时,通常使用全部倒装。同位语,不可。
3. 如果改进克隆程序,问题能否被解决呢?
4. It suddenly opened everybody’s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness and even to produce human beings.
【课后延伸】
Today our class had a heated discussion about cloning, during which we are eager to give our own comments on its problems and express our own opinions. Generally, we have the following two major different opinions:
Some students who are for cloning think it brings more advantages than disadvantages. In their opinion, cloning is a great breakthrough in human scientific world of 21st century. Human beings can use it to produce quantities of good plans and animals, to save rare and endangered species, to keep the balance of nature and to develop new medicines for kinds of human illnesses.
While the rest oppose cloning, thinking it results in the early death of animals. They hold the opinion that cloning animals without plan can destroy the balance of nature and spread some illnesses. Some evil leaders may clone themselves by means of it and lead to a great disaster to human beings.
Words and expressions
【课内探究案】
differ from …不同于 2.differ in …在…不同,相异 3.differ with sb about/on sth 与….在哪方面有差异
即时应用:
1.D (1)with /about (2) in (3) from
2.undertake V 即时应用
(1)He will undertake a journey.
(2) He undertook a new project.
3.forbid
即时应用(1)forbids smoking (2) enter the room
4.obtain
1)By this means ,you obtain good results .
2)No pains ,no gains .
Step two Phrases
cast down
Hearing the news ,he was cast down .
He was cast down to find the truth .
pay off
1)I will pay you back next week .
2)His efforts paid off ….
【检测讲义】
一.单词拼写
1. differ 2.straightforward 3.disturbing 4.commerical 5. objection
二.句型转换
1.at last 2.came to the news 3.Despite of his 4.a long way
5.wonder whether
三.翻译句子
Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak .
He undertook full responsibility for cloning .
He was forbidden to clone humans as a punishment .
He was cast down because of the punishment .
At last ,his efforts paid off .
Using language
【课前预习案】
Step one 1. strike 2. 最初的;开始的3. resist 4. 合理的5. drawback 6. 不时7. adore 8. 枉费心机 9. in good/poor condition 10. 使复活
自主学习
I. 1. You need perfect DNA
2. There is not enough diversity for cloned animals to overcome new diseases.
3. It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they would have to live in a zoo.
合作探究
Step one. FFF
Step two.
1. 在《侏罗纪公园》这部影片中,有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。 类似这样的电影受欢迎,证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。
2. 其优点是,如果发生了某种新的疾病,这类动物中的一些可能会死去,而另外一些却能存活下来,而且把这种免疫力传给下一代。
The reason why he doesn’t want to go to college is that if he does, no one can look after his sick mother.
3. 就我们现在所知,你不可能克隆那些已经绝种了一万年以上的动物。
精讲点拨
Words and phrases
1.1)报时,敲响 2)罢工 3)(灾难,疾病等)侵袭,爆发 4)想起,想到 5)被…打动 6)划火柴 7)趁热打铁
2. 传递; 留给
抵制;阻挡某事
resist doing sth. 反对做某事
can’t resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事
3.in vain 放在句首,句子用部分倒装
有效训练
1. is in poor condition
2. All our efforts were in vain.
3. It struck me how we could improve the situation.
2.高二政治《必修四》导学案6 篇二
班级:组号:姓名:学生评价:教师评价:
4.必须坚持一切人实际出发,实事求是。
构建第一课知识体系:
【预习案】
5.张家界天门中学高二政治(必修四)生活与哲学导学案 编号: 06总课时:课型:预习+展示上课时间:2013.10主备人:伍芳莉审查人:廉基军审核人:
班级:组号:姓名:学生评价:教师评价:
【探究案】
探究一:自主探究问题。
探究二:
世界奢侈品消费的平均水平是拿出个人财富的4%左右去消费,而有调查显示,我国的一些消费者特别是年轻人,为了“面子”,花在奢侈品上的财富早已超过了40%。我国奢侈品消费者的年龄大多在20岁到40岁,而欧美国家奢侈品消费者的年龄大多在40岁至70岁。其实,真正买得起奢侈品的年轻人只是少部分。
结合材料,运用《生活与哲学》的知识分析我国一些年轻人在奢侈品消费方面存在认识误区的原因。
【课后拓展】
1.马克思说:“意识一开始就是社会的产物,而且只要人们还存在着,它就仍然是这种产物。”对马克思的这句话理解正确的是()A.有人存在就一定会有意识
B.意识是在社会实践过程中形成的 C.脱离了社会也可以形成意识
D.意识是自然界发展的产物确反映客观事物的科学知识在不断增加
2.思想是人类特有的精神花朵,在大千世界的万事万物中,只有人类具有思想的能力。从哲学上看()
A.意识是人脑特有的机能
B.意识是物质世界发展到一定阶段的产物 C.意识能够正确反映客观事物
D.人们对客观事物的认识在扩展、加深
3.(2013·济南外国语入学考试)2012年是中国的龙年,也是一个闰年。龙是中华民族进入农业社会后创造的一种虚拟动物,属于水物,它的产生与农业对水的需求有关。这说明()A.龙的形象没有客观基础 B.龙的形象源于客观存在 C.错误的认识来源于想象 D.需求是产生意识的源泉
4.(2013·济南外国语入学考试)目前我国农业基础设施还比较薄弱,必须进一步加大支农力度,完善农业投入长效机制。经济全球化对我国农业的冲击和通货膨胀的压力再次提醒我们,粮食安全始终是头等大事,不断加强农业基础,始终应摆在重中之重的位置。这主要表明()A.人类社会的现象是多种多样的B.物质决定意识,意识是客观存在的反映 C.自然界是客观存在的物质世界
D.人类的活动对社会发展具有重大影响
5.(2013·洛阳期末)2012年5月11日,国家发改委等6部门联合发布了《缓解生猪市场价格周期性波动调控案》。国家将根据猪粮比价的变动情况,分别或同时启动发布预警信息。说明意识活动具有()
A.目的性B.计划性C.自觉选择性D.主动创造性
6.2012年5月17日,中华全国总工会组织的全国劳模先进事迹报告会在合肥举行。此次活动旨在大力弘扬劳模精神,激励广大劳动群众以劳动模范为榜样,积极投身全面建成小康社会的伟大事业。强调弘扬劳模精神,是因为()A.意识可以直接改造客观事物
B.意识的能动性使事物向正确的方向发展 C.只有正确的意识才能反作用于客观事物 D.正确的意识对事物的发展起促进作用
3.高二磁场单元导学案 篇三
年级:高二 编写:谢一彰 审定:高二语文备课组 编制时间:--10
班次: 小组: 姓名: 使用时间:
【学习目标】
知识与技能:
1、积累文言知识,背诵全文。
2、能分析文中“比兴”用法的作用,理解文中大段虚幻景象描写的用意。
过程与方法:
大声诵读、积累归纳、合作探究。
情感态度与价值观:
体会男女水神悲欢离合之情。
【重点难点预测】:
1、体会男女水神在生死契阔后欢会难聚的心情变化。
2、分析文中“比兴”用法的作用,理解文中大段虚幻景象描写的用意。
【知识链接】
1、作者简介:
屈原,名平,字原战国末期楚国人,杰出的政治家和爱国诗人,是我国积极浪漫主义诗歌传统的奠基人,“世界四大文化名人”(另有波兰的哥白尼、英国的莎士比亚、意大利的但丁)之一。屈原一生经历了楚威王、楚怀王、顷襄王三个时期,而主要活动于楚怀王时期。这个时期正是中国即将实现大一统的前夕,“横则秦帝,纵则楚王”屈原因出身贵族,又明于治乱,娴于辞令,故而早年深受楚怀王的宠信,位为左徒、三闾大夫。屈原为实现楚国的统一大业,对内积极辅佐怀王变法图强,对外坚决主张联齐抗秦,使楚国一度出现了一个国富兵强、威震诸侯的局面。但是由于在内政外交上,屈原与楚国腐朽贵族集团发生了尖锐的矛盾,由于上官大夫等人的嫉妒,屈原后来遭到群小的诬陷和楚怀王的疏远。顷襄王二十一年(公元前278),秦将白起攻破郢都,屈原悲愤难捱,遂自沉汨罗江,以身殉了自己的政治理想。
屈原的作品有《离骚》、《天问》、《九歌》(11篇)、《九章》(9篇)、《招魂》,凡23篇其中,《离骚》是屈原的代表作,也是中国古代文学史上最长的一首浪漫主义的政治抒情诗。《天问》是古今罕见的奇特诗篇,它以问语一连向苍天提出了172个问题,涉及了天文、地理、文学、哲学等许多领域,表现了诗人对传统观念的大胆怀疑和追求真理的科学精神
本篇选自《楚辞.九歌》。“九歌”本是古乐章名,在《楚辞》中则是一组诗歌的总称,包括《国殇》、《湘君》、《湘夫人》等十一首诗歌。《九歌》是在民间祭歌的基础上加工而成的一组祭神乐歌,诗中创造了大量神的形象,,大多是人神恋歌,写的是神界的爱情生活,但处处流溢着人间的现实情味--人间众多痴男怨女的投影。
2、背景介绍:
洞庭湖有中君山,又叫洞庭山。山上有二妃(尧的两个女儿即舜的两位妻子娥皇、女英)墓和湘妃寺,在二妃墓和湘妃寺周围生长着高低起伏、郁郁葱葱、苍翠茂盛的斑竹,在这些竹子上长满泪痕似的斑点,有人说这是全国乃至全世界独一无二的景观。
根据《山海经》、《尚书》的记载,在传说的三皇五帝时代,尧考察他的接班人舜,用了二十年的时间,还把自己的两个女儿娥皇和女英嫁给舜,后来舜外出巡行生了重病,娥皇、女英就赶去看望他,当她俩赶到洞庭湖中君山的时候,那边传来消息说大舜已经崩于苍梧之野,娥皇、女英悲痛哭泣,然后就投江而死,她们投江而死之前哭泣的泪痕就化成了现在的斑竹。
九嶷、斑竹、娥皇、女英、二妃墓、大舜等,这都和《九歌》中的湘君、湘夫人神话传说有关,是屈原创作这两首诗的原型和背景。屈原没有流于这个题材的这样的一个悲剧故事传说,而是在此原型和背景上,进行了再创造,虚拟了两位湘水配偶神的约会,从而创作出优美的诗篇。
【学习过程】
一、课前自学,基础过关(A级)
1、初读课文,读准字音,注意断句。(温馨提示:先读课文,结合课下注解,在原文标注拼音,再完成下列题目,加以积累。)
北渚()眇眇()愁予()搴()兰橑()
汀()联袂()庑()门褋()擗()
2、再读课文,借助工具书,了解文章大意,划出疑难语句,勾画重点字词,解释句中加点字的意思。
(1)帝子降兮北渚(2)目眇眇兮愁予
(3)袅袅兮秋风(4)鸟何萃兮蘋中
(5)与佳期兮夕张(6)荒忽兮远望
(7)观流水兮潺湲(8)疏石兰兮为芳
(9)遗余褋兮醴浦(10)聊逍遥兮容与
(11)罔薜荔兮为帷(12)擗蕙櫋兮既张
二、诵读作品,整体感知(B级)
1、全体齐诵课文。
2、小组内每两人一组,翻译课文。
3、整体感知:诗歌涉及到的主要人物形象有几个?抒情主人公是谁?诗歌为我们讲述的是一个什么样的故事?这个故事的感情基调是什么?
三、合作探究、小组展示(C级)
(一):写法探讨:
1、本诗是典型的情景交融的诗作,请同学们品读第一段,看看诗人是怎样“融情入景,以景染情”的?
2、比兴是《诗经》等民歌体作品常用的艺术手法,此诗中也用了一些即景起兴的问句,如“鸟何萃兮蘋中,罾何为兮木上?”“麋何食兮庭中?蛟何为兮水裔?”这些问句和此诗要表达的爱情有什么关系?
3、我们学习《离骚》知道,屈原的诗歌有一个重要的特色,就是喜欢运用大量的香草美人的意象,本诗的第三段就详细描写了湘君为湘夫人用各种香草装饰爱巢的过程和步骤,这表现了湘君怎样的心情?你如何理解屈原的这种香草美人情结?
(二)主题探讨:
4、有人说,屈原在《湘夫人》中所表现的男女水神欢会难期、思而不见的爱情悲剧,实际上是他自己不为楚王所知的身世悲剧的曲折反应。你同意这一说法吗?试用学过的知识,用“以意逆志,知人论世”的欣赏方法阐述理由。
四、课堂小结与梳理(从知识、学法、情感等方面谈自己的收获)
五、当堂检测
1、小组齐诵诗歌。
2、小组内两人一组,互相抽查,翻译文中重点语句。
六、课后反思
1同学们,这这节课我们掌握了一些什么知识?
2还有哪些地方比较难懂或者没有学懂?是什么原因?
3还希望老师做到哪些呢?
附:《湘夫人》参考译文
美丽的公主快降临北岸,我已忧愁满怀望眼欲穿。凉爽的秋风阵阵吹来,洞庭湖波浪翻涌树叶飘旋。登上长着白薠的高地远望,与她定好约会准备晚宴。为何鸟儿聚集在水草间,为何鱼网悬挂在大树颠?
沅水有白芷澧水有幽兰,眷念公主却不敢明言。放眼展望一片空阔苍茫,只见清澈的流水潺潺。
为何山林中的麋鹿觅食庭院,为何深渊里的蛟龙搁浅水边?早晨我骑马在江边奔驰,傍晚就渡水到了西岸。好像听到美人把我召唤,多想立刻驾车与她一起向前。在水中建座别致的宫室,上面用荷叶覆盖遮掩。用香荪抹墙紫贝装饰中庭,厅堂上把香椒粉撒满。用玉桂作梁木兰为椽,辛夷制成门楣白芷点缀房间。编织好薜荔做个帐子,再把蕙草张挂在屋檐。拿来白玉镇压坐席,摆开石兰芳香四散。白芷修葺的荷叶屋顶,有杜衡草缠绕四边。汇集百草摆满整个庭院,让门廊之间香气弥漫。九嶷山的众神一起相迎,神灵的到来就像云朵满天。
把我的夹袄投入湘江之中,把我的单衣留在澧水之滨。在水中的绿洲采来杜若,要把它送给远方的恋人。欢乐的时光难以马上得到,暂且放慢步子松弛心神。
谢一彰
4.高二历史选修一专题四导学案 篇四
专题四王安石变法
专题概述:分为三个内容:王安石变法的历史背景、内容、结果和影响。
课标要求:了解北宋社会弊病形成的原因,认识北宋政策的弊端和给国家带来的不利影响。了解北宋在庆历年间所做的革新尝试。了解王安石变法的原则、策略,熟悉其变法的举措并非系其积极意义。认识变法的积极影响和失败原因。教学目标:
知识与能力:王安石变法的背景和内容,分析其影响和失败原因,正确实施王安石本人;过程与方法:数据法、讨论法、合作探究
情感态度价值观:通过王安石变法的背景分析其变法的必然性,培养学生居安思危的历史责任感和使命感;通过改革的过程和成果,体会改革的曲折和艰辛,充分认识改革是一国强盛的根本,形成为国家奉献的精神。教学重点:王安石变法的历史背景、过程、内容、成效影响及结果 难点:对王安石变法具体内容的理解和对变法的总体评价。课时安排:四课时 教学过程: 【温故互查】(必修一)北宋建立后加强中央集权的措施及作用。【学习任务】
一、自学基础梳理(完成练习册课前自主预习的填空部分)自主预习检测(互查):练习册22页、25页随堂练习巩固
二、小组合作探究:(小组合作并展示)
1、从王安石变法的背景概括王安石变法的原因;
2、庆历新政失败的原因及启示;
3、列表归纳王安石变法的措施及成就;
4、比较商鞅变法和王安石变法的异同,谈谈你的认识;
5、分析王安石变法失败的原因和给我们的启示。
【拓展延伸】
1、概括本单元的知识框架:
2、直击高考:26页“高考真题回顾”第2题
【巩固提升】课后强化演练七、八 【历史常识】
1、杯酒释兵权:
2、关于王安石的故事
王安石身为“唐宋八大家”之一,照理说应该特别富有文人情趣。事实上,虽然他也很有“闲情逸致”,但他的“闲情轶事”却常
常让人大跌眼镜——下棋不动脑子
王安石爱下棋,不过他的棋艺实在不敢恭维,因为他从不思考,总是随手而应,落子极快,发现要输了,便痛快地推秤认输,从未有柳暗花明之想。有人劝他,每走一步棋都需深思熟虑,起码要想出后几步棋的应对之策„„他听得不耐烦,回答说:“下棋本来就是图放松,既然要劳神费力,不如算了。”说完起身就走了。佳茗利于吃药
一次,王安石去拜访书法家蔡襄。蔡襄很高兴,对他盛情接待。蔡襄是茶道大家,亲自选择了绝品茶叶,清洁了茶器,并亲手烹点。经过一系列堪称艺术的复杂程序,一杯飘着浓浓香味的茶水终于端到了王安石面前。然而王安石仔细看了一下茶汤,忽然从口袋里掏出一撮药末,撒入茶杯里,晃了几下,一饮而尽。蔡襄不禁大惊失色,他从未见过有人竟将佳茗当作服药的凉白开来喝。王安石却神情自若地说: “茶味很好。”风流等于行善
王安石只有一个老婆,不纳姬妾,从政多年也从未有过绯闻。夫人看不下去了,便偷偷把一个侍妾送到他的书房,说这是安排来伺侯他起居的,若是看得上就留下,说完就关上门走了。王安石正在读书,也没在意。过了很久之后,他才发现一个美貌的女子站在身边,很是吃惊。再三追问之下才知道,这侍妾本是一个军官的老婆,老公因为弄丢了公粮,不得已把老婆卖了还债。王安石不仅没有纳这个侍妾,还让女子回到了丈夫身边,并免了他们的债务。一场本该美妙的风花雪月,变成了行善做好事。不是只有鱼才吃鱼饵
宋仁宗请大臣们到御花园钓鱼,不管谁钓上来鱼,一律交给御厨去做。大家都觉得这种请客方式很有趣,顿时兴致高涨。唯独王安石呆坐在一边,不知道在想什么,他一边发呆,一边把手边的鱼饵往嘴里送,没多大会儿就把一盘鱼饵吃光了。白吃饭需要智慧
王安石小时候,经常在离家不远的街口面馆吃面。一天,老板有心考考他,就让他自己去厨房端面。只见灶墩上放着一碗热气腾腾的肉丝面,滚烫的面汤快要溢流碗外。大师傅笑眯眯地说: “这碗面的味道格外好,肉也特别多,如果你能把它端到堂前去,并保证不泼一滴汤,我就免费让你吃。”王安石灵机一动,用筷子轻轻地把面条挑起来,碗内就只剩下半碗汤了。就这样,王安石左手端着汤碗,右手拿筷子挑起面,顺顺当当地把一碗满满的热面条端到店堂前,津津有味地吃了起来。
3、宋仁宗的故事
这一日,早朝升殿后,宋仁宗问阅卷官,京城大考已毕,按惯例,每年榜首要选三人,不知今年所中的是什么人。阅卷官慌忙把
前三名的试卷呈给皇帝。仁宗打开第一卷,阅罢,龙颜大悦,说,此卷做得极好,只可惜,中间有一个错字。
阅卷官大恐,伏问皇上所错何字。仁宗说,是一个“唯”字,这个字本应从“口”旁的,怎么从了“厶”旁?阅卷官听罢,禀奏道,两偏旁形似,可以通用。皇帝没有理睬阅卷官,接着问考生的情况。阅卷官说,此考生乃西川成都人,姓赵,名旭,字伯升。正在客店候着消息的赵旭,旋即被宣入朝,觐见皇上。赵旭俯伏在地,惶恐不安。仁宗说,卿所做试卷极好,只可惜,中间错了一个字。赵旭伏问何字,仁宗说“唯”字。赵旭听后,小心解释说,这两个偏旁,是可以通用的。仁宗突然不高兴了,取了御案上文房四宝,愤然写下八个字,说,既然“口”“厶”两个偏旁可以通用,那么你看看,这八字能一样吗?赵旭一看,仁宗皇帝写下的是这样八个字:私和、去吉、矣吴、台吕。
赵旭看了半晌,终无言以对。仁宗说,你还是回去读书吧。就这样,因为一个错字,赵旭名落孙山。
赵旭自觉无颜见江东父老,为等三年后下一次科考,他干脆流落在京都,每日靠替人写字作文为生,过得落魄潦倒。
一年后,仁宗为一梦所惑,于是,扮作一官人,在苗太监陪同下,微服出宫私访。在酒楼上,仁宗依着栏杆看街,一不小心,手中的一把月样白梨玉柄扇掉在楼下,下去寻时,已杳无踪影。酒罢,二人闲转到一家茶肆,茶肆的墙上有一首词,写得辞清句丽,无限锦绣。仁宗便问作词人是谁。茶博士说,是一位落第的秀才,成都人,姓赵名旭,满腹珠玑,可惜,终日卖文为生,艰难度日。仁宗一惊。
随即,他让茶博士找来赵旭,赵旭并未认出仁宗皇帝。说话间,赵旭于袖中取出一柄小扇,苗太监见之,大惊,说,此扇乃这位大官人的,适才饮酒坠于楼下。赵旭二话没说,当即奉还给了仁宗。仁宗大喜,不是因为宝扇得归,而是他突然看到了赵旭不同寻常的另一面。仁宗问他,为何上科不第。赵旭详细述说原因。仁宗问,你怨恨皇帝吗。赵旭说,在下学问不精,苛责不细,自取其咎,不是皇帝的错。
仁宗说,你是西川成都人,认识一个叫王制置的人吗?赵旭叹口气,说,王制置是西川要员,权居高位,我认识人家,人家不认识我啊。仁宗说,王制置是我的外甥,我写一封信,你去投靠他,他会提携你的。
令赵旭没有想到的是,第二天,两位素不相识的大官人,除了给他一封拜谒的文书,还给了他一个仆人,一些盘缠银两。赵旭感激不尽,一路迤逦前行。不巧的是,快到成都的时候,一个坏消息传来,说王制置已经调任,西川大小官员正在等待新制置的到来。赵旭闻听,不禁喊一声“我命苦啊”。仆人劝他,说,不妨继续前行,看看是何消息。
在接官厅上,西川诸官等了三天,也没接到新任的制置。仆人对赵旭说,咱们到接官厅上看一看。赵旭说,咱们怎么能去那个地方呢?仆人不由分说,把他推到接官厅,撕开文书,高声道:诸官还不赶紧接新任制置?他一指赵旭,说,这就是西川五十四州新任制置赵旭。
原来,所谓文书,是仁宗皇帝的一道圣旨。
仁宗皇帝因为和一个别字较真,让原本可为状元的赵旭流落京都街头;又因为赵旭的才华、诚实和善良,他又和自己的一颗爱才之心较真,最终导演了一出跌宕起伏的人生大戏。
5.高二磁场单元导学案 篇五
教学目标 1.掌握“偻”等文言实词,归纳“虽”“因”“且”“焉”四个文言虚词的用法。
2.学习文章对比和映衬的手法。
3.训练学生自读自译课文,提高文言文的自学能力。
学习本文的讽喻性特点,了解“顺民之性以养民”的深刻道理及其现实意义。
教学重点:1、学习文章对比和映衬的写法。 2、掌握文章的主旨。
教学难点:了解“顺民之性以养民”的深刻道理及其现实意义。
教 法 :点拨、答疑、引导、讲解
课 时: 1-2课时
教学过程:
自主学习部分
(一)、作家作品
柳宗元(773-8),“唐宋八大家”之一。字子厚,河东解人(今山东运城县解州镇),世称柳河东。曾任唐朝礼部员外郎,因参加政治革新失败被贬,晚年居官柳州刺史,在柳江沿岸种了很多柳树,曾留有“柳州柳刺史,种树柳江边”的说法。一生创作600多篇作品,有诗有文,如《黔之驴》《小石潭记》《愚溪诗序》《捕蛇者说》《江雪》《渔翁》等,著有《柳河东集》。
(二)、体裁与背景
本文名“传”,实际上是一个讽喻性极强的寓言故事。从内容和风格上看,当是柳宗元早年在长安任职时期的作品 。郭橐驼种树的本事已不可考,后世学者多认为这是设事明理之作。本文是针对当时官吏繁政扰民的现象发而为言的。中唐时期,豪强地主兼并掠夺土地日益严重,仅有一点土地的农民,除了交纳正常的绢粟外,还要承受地方军政长官摊派下来的各种杂税。据《旧唐书食货志》载,各地官僚为巩固自己的地位,竞相向朝廷进奉,加紧对下层的盘剥,于是“通津达道者税之,莳蔬艺果者税之,死亡者税之”,民不聊生。这就是柳宗元写作本文的社会背景。
(三)、结合课下注释,疏通文意。
合作探究部分:
一、导入新课
“唐宋八大家”中唐代的两位是韩愈和柳宗元。他们两位共同倡导了“古文运动”,在古文理论上有相同的见解。但韩愈在排斥佛老、复兴儒学、提倡师道方面贡献较大,我们曾学过他的《师说》;而柳宗元则注重反映社会现实问题,如我们初中学过他的《捕蛇者说》,就反映了“苛政给人民带来重压”这一社会问题,今天我们学习他的另外一篇《种树郭橐驼传》。
二、积累文言知识,梳理文意
1、请一名学生朗读课文,教师纠正读音及停顿。
2、学生结合课下注释,理解文意。
3、检查自主学习篇的习题,教师答疑。
三、整体感知,理清结构
1、《种树郭橐驼传》以一个什么故事寄寓了什么道理?
以郭橐驼用“顺木之天,以致其性”的方法养树的故事,说明顺民之性以养民的深刻道理。
2、请学生分别用一句话概括各段大意
(1)仿史传体例,介绍人物身世。
(2)转入正题,道出郭橐驼是一个种树的行家。
(3)郭橐驼谈种树经验。
(4)在问答中将话题“移植”到政事上来。
(5)问者的意外收获及作传目的。
四、合作探究
1.文章是如何道出郭橐驼是一个种树的行家的?
2.郭橐驼总结的种树方法是什么?他认为种完后应该采取什么态 度?他对自己取得的成绩是如何评价的?
3.其他种树的人往往怎样做?结果如何?
4.“问者”问“养树”后,提出了怎样的建议?
5.郭橐驼是怎样评价、描述官吏烦令扰民的?
6.简析文中的对比和映衬手法。
(学生思考,小组讨论后明确)
1.作者先说橐驼种树为他带来的“际遇”--“争迎取养”,再说他身手不凡。说欢迎他的人,举了两种有代表性的。一是搞观赏游玩的(精神方面),一是种树卖果的(物质方面)。这两种需求所种之树是大不相同的,因而暗示出橐驼技术的.全面。说他技艺高超,点出了两个方面。一是他种的树不怕“移肌保有“树挪活”的神奇;二是他种的树具有全优的品质,枝繁叶茂,早熟多果。最后用“他植者虽窥伺效慕,莫能如也”点染一笔,更增加了玄妙气氛。
2.郭橐驼总结的种树方法是:“凡植木之性,其本欲舒,其培欲平,其土如故,其筑欲密。其莳也若子。”他认为种完后应该采取的态度是“勿动勿虑,去不复顾。其置也若弃。”郭橐驼正是顺着树木的自然性格栽种,从而保护了它的生机,因而收到“天者全而其性得”的理想效果。正如他对自己的评价一样,“吾不害其长而已,非有能硕茂之也;不抑耗其实而已,非有能早而蕃之也。”
3.其他种树的人违背树木的本性,种树时“根拳而土易,其培之也,若不过焉则不及”。因此遭致“木之性日以离”的恶果。
4.“问者”问“养树”后,提出了“以子之道,移之官理”的建议。即建议把种树管树之理引申到吏治上去。
5.文章先简要地用几句加以概括:“好烦其令,若甚怜焉,而卒以祸”。接着用铺陈的手法,把“吏治不善”的种种表现加以集中,加以典型化,且有言有行,刻画细致入微,入木三分。如写官吏们大声吆喝,驱使人民劳作,一连用了两个“尔”,五个“而”和七个动词,把俗吏来乡,鸡犬不宁的景象描绘得淋漓尽致。
6.本文运用了对比和映衬的写法。对比可以突出事物的特点,显现事物的差别,加强说理的力度,甚至收到不言自明的功效。本文中的对比,有叙事性的,如两种种树方法的对比;有论述性的,如郭橐驼对自己种树方法的归纳和对“他植者”的批评。映衬就是互相照应的写法,通过上下文内容或语意的遥相呼应,来强化表达效果。本文先谈“养树”,后论“养人”,这本身就是运用了映衬的写法。这样写,有关树和人的话题合而为一,互相补充,增强了文章的气势。在语意上相互映衬的例子,如郭橐驼谈“养树”一段,开头说“橐非能使木寿且孳也”,最后则以“吾又何能为哉”回应,在自谦之中,起到了强化观点的作用;论“养人”一段的首尾也是这样呼应的。
五、课堂小结
本文主旨是讲顺民之性以养民的治道,但文章却不是直接进行理论上的论证,而是巧妙地通过给郭橐驼立传,介绍橐驼养树的经验,再把养树之道“移之官理”,巧妙地把“种树”与“治民”联系起来,委婉含蓄的说明顺民之性以养民的道理。揭露并讽刺了统治者的苛政繁令对百姓的骚扰侵害,提出宽简为政,让百姓安居乐业的主张。
其写作特点主要有:对比与映衬,婉约而多讽,简洁而生动。
六、拓展联想
结合儿童教育谈谈“顺木之天性,以致其性”的现实意义。
说法参考:
树木与树人的道理也是相通的。教育儿童的根本方法应是不害其长不抑耗其实,应按照教育规律实施教育。然而当前对儿童过度关注或放任自流,揠苗助长,或恨铁不成钢,动辄体罚等现象严重存在。因此,作者提出的“顺天致性”的观念有深刻的现实意义。它引导我们自觉抵制束缚或戕害儿童身心发展的错误做法,它提示我们按照儿童身心发展的年龄特征和心理特征,即“顺木之天性以致其性”的教育规律办事,以确保儿童的健康成长。
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