英语从句的分类

2024-11-14

英语从句的分类（精选9篇）

1.英语从句的分类篇一

2013年高考真题英语单项选择分类汇编

注：全国卷I、全国卷II、北京、上海、天津、江苏、湖北、安徽、湖南、福建、陕西、山东、重庆、四川、江西、浙江、辽宁(共17份；广东卷无单项选择)

定语从句

(2013全国卷I)33.“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ______.A.as the saying goes oldB.goes as the old saying

C.as the old saying goesD.goes as old the saying

(2013全国卷I would be staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which

(2013北京卷)27.Many countries are now setting up national parks ________

animals and plants can be protected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where

(2013上海卷)38.An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what

(2013天津卷in today’s newspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what

(2013江苏卷)32.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,______ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.where B.whichC.whatD.when

(2013安徽卷)29.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which

(2013湖南卷)21.Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which

(2013福建卷)27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which

(2013陕西卷is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As

(2013山东卷)31.There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where

(2013山东卷)35.Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut

off from the outside world.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom

(2013重庆卷)24.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom

(2013四川卷)9.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where

(2013江西卷)33.He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how

(2013浙江卷)5.The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A.all of whatB.all of whichC.all of themD.all of whom(2013浙江卷)13.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why

(2013辽宁卷)34.He may win the competition, ____________he is likely to get into the national team.A.in which caseB.in that case

C.in what caseD.in whose case

2.英语从句的分类篇二

首先要了解什么是定语从句。

在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词, 具有先行词是定语从句与其他复合句不同的一个重要特点, 而找出先行词恰恰是学生不能完全掌握的一个关键所在。

如:I visited the school where I used to study.

我参观了我曾经学习过的学校。

在这一句子中:the school是先行词,在从句中充当地点状语,where I used to study修饰the school作定语。

其次要掌握关系词的运用。

关系词在定语从句的构成里至关重要, 我们甚至可以说掌握不好关系词,就无法做成定语从句,也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。定语从句只有两种关系词,一种是关系代词,另一种是关系副词,没有连词。也就是说,定语从句中的所有关系词都有一定意义,并在从句中担任一定成分。

定语从句的关系代词主要有 :who,whom,whose,thatwhich,as等。

关系副词主要有:when,where,why等。在定语从句中,关系副词=介词+关系代词。实际上,每个关系副词本身就已经含有一个介词 ,至于用哪个具体介词 ,就得依据具体情况而定。

下面,我就定语从句及其关系词的运用,结合多年教学实践,对它详加归纳。

一、由关系代词who,whom,whose引导的定语从句

( 一 )who用于代替“表示人的意义 ”的先行词 , 并且在从句中作定语。在现代英语中,也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。

1.who,whom作主语。

如:She is the woman who cleans the room every day.

她是每天打扫房间的人。 (who作主语)

He is the man whom/who I know.

他是我认识的人。 (whom,who作宾语)

Anyone who plays with fire will get burnt.

玩火者自焚。

2.在there be开头的句子中 ,先行词是人时 ,用who。

There’s a man who wants to see you.

有个人想见你。

3.在非限制性定语从句中 ,先行词是人时 ,用who。

Li Ping,who helped me a lot,went abroad last week.

给我很大帮助的李平上周出国了。

4.先行词是人且有较长定语时 ( 也叫间隔性定语从句 )用who。

I helped the boy in the park last week who lost his way.

上周我帮助了这个在公园里迷路的男孩。

(二 )whom用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词 ,并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。在现代英语中,如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语,与who可通用,但若whom在从句中作介词的宾语,就只能用whom而不能用who了。在口语中或非正式文体中,介词没有提前,则不受这个限制。

如:The girl to whom you are talking is my sister.

The girl whom/who you are talking to is my sister.

正和你说话的那个女孩子是我的妹妹。

同时要注意,whom作介词宾语时,介词可放在whom前,也可放在从句原来的位置,如上例。但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置。

如:This is the boy whom you are looking for.

这是你正在寻找的那个男孩。

(三 )whose在从句中作定语 ,既可代表人 ,又可代表物 ,表达的是“某人的、某物的”之意。

如:Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor?

你认识他的父亲是个医生的那个男孩吗?

whose在代表物时 ,可与of which等结构互换 ,但应注意与冠词的位置。

如:I can see the classroom whose windows are open.

I can see the classroom of which the windows are open.

我可以看见窗户打开的那间教室。

二、由Which引导的定语从句

如:(1)The building which is being built is our new library.

正在建的这座建筑是我们的新图书馆。 (Which作主语)

(2)The factory in which he worked has moved.

他工作过的那家工厂已经搬走了。 (Which作介词的宾语)

(3)This is the book which you want to borrow.

这是你想借的那本书。 (Which作动词的宾语)

三、由that引导的定语从句

that在定语从句中可以指人 ,也可以指物 ,在从句中既可以作主语,又可以作谓语动词的宾语,但不能作介词的宾语,有时可以作表语。在一般情况下,可与Which互换,如上例(1),(3)。

The building that is being built is our new library.

This is the book that you want to borrow.

但在特定情况下,二者绝不能互用。

(一 )只能用which引导定语从句的几种情况。

1.关系代词前有介词。

如:This is the room in which Lu Xun 1ived.

这是鲁迅住过的房间。

2.先行词本身是that。

如:The clock is that which tells the time.

时钟就是告诉时间的东西。

3.引导非限制性定语从句。

如:I got the letter,which I had been expecting.

我收到了信,这是我一直盼望的。 (which作定语,代替主句中的letter)

She won a gold medal of the 29th 01ympic Games,whichmade us proud.

她获得了第29届奥运会的一枚金牌,这使我们感到自豪。(which作主语 ,代表整个主句 )

(二 )只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况。

1.先行词是不定代词 all,few,1ittle,much,something,nothing,anything,everything,None,the one等。

如:I want the one that was bought yesterday.

我想要昨天买的那一个。

Everything that can be done has been done.

一切能被做的都已经做了。

2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。

如:He was the first friend that I made.

他是我交的第一个朋友。

The most interesting book that I have ever read was bought inNanjing.

我读过的最有趣的书是在南京买的。

3.先行词被 all,any,every,each,few,1ittle,no,some,one of,only等修饰。

如:I have returned all the books that you lent me.

我已经归还了你借给我的所有的书。

4.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。

如:She is the only person that I want to make friends with.

她是我唯一想交的朋友。

This is the very magazine that I want to borrow.

这正是我想借的那本杂志。

此时,还得注意先行词中被one of或被the only修饰的定语从句中的主谓一致,结构一般是:

(1)one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数谓语动词。

(2)the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数谓语动词。

如:He was one of the workers that were invited to the party.

他是应邀参加舞会的工人之一。

He was the only one of the workers that was invited to the party.

他是应邀参加舞会的唯一一个工人。

5.先行词既有人又有物。

如 :They remembered things and persons that they stayedabroad.

他们记得他们待在国外时的人和事。

6.句中已有who(为避免重复 )。

如:Who is the gir1 that is standing there?

站在那儿的那个女孩是谁?

7.用作关系副词 ,修饰表示时间的名词 ,如 :day,time,moment等 ,代替when。

如:It happened on the day that / when I was on business.

事情发生在我出差的那一天。

8.先行词为数词。

如:Look at these flowers.You can see the two that you gave me.

看看这些花,你可以看见你给我的那两朵。

9.先行词在主句中作表语或关系代词在从句中做表语。

如:It’s a book that will help you a lot.

这是一本能给你很大帮助的书。

10.先行词是who,what,which。

如:What that is on the table belongs to me?

桌上的那个是我的吗?

11.主句是there be结构 ,修饰主语的定语从句。

如:There is no difficulty that can’t be overcome in the world.

世上没有克服不了的困难。

四、由关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句

前面提到了关系副词when(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因 ), 都可以用介词+with来表示 , 在定语从句中充当状语,具体的介词使用依具体情况而定。

如 :He was born on October 1st,1949 when New China wasfounded.

He was born on October 1st,1949 on which New China wasfounded.

他出生于1949年,那年新中国成立。

I will never forget the museum where I met him.

I will never forget the museum in which I met him.

我永远也忘不了我遇见他的那个博物馆。

I know the reason why he was late for class.

I know the reason for which he was late for class.

我知道他上学迟到的原因。

在定语从句中使用关系代词或关系副词, 取决于先行词在从句中的成分,特别是先行词表地点时,判断用关系代词还是关系副词,学生总是有很多困惑。这时,就要根据从句的谓语动词是及物还是不及物的来判断。如果是及物动词,就用关系代词that或which,否则就用where。

如:This is the school where he studied 1ast year.(study是不及物动词)

This is the school which he visited 1ast year.(visit是及物动词)

五、由as引导的定语从句

(一 )as用作关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句 , 并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或状语,通常构成the same...as;such..as;as many / much...as等结构。

如 :Such students as were mentioned by the teacher weregood students.(as作主语 )

I like the same film as you do.(as作宾语 )

I’ve never seen such a stupid man as he is.(as作表语 )

I’ll do it in the same way as he is。 (as作状语 )

(二 )as引导非限制性定语从句 ,在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语, 用来代表主句所表运的意思, 可以放在主句前或后,类似插入语。

如 :As we all know,Yao Ming is a famous basketball player(as代表整个句子作宾语 )

As is known to all,Liu Huan is a popular singer.(as代表整个句子作主语)

常用的类似的插入语有 :as is said above;as is alreadymentioned above;as is known to all;as it is;as is often the case;ais reported in the newspaper等。

但是,在使用中,还要注意as与which引导的定语从句存在的一些异同。

1.as 和 which 都可指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,有时可互换。

如:She passed the exam as we had hoped.

She passed the exam which we had hoped.

2.which引导的非限制性定语从句 , 不能放句首 , 而as可以。as有“正如,就像”之意,而which没有此意。as可用作插入语,which不能。

如:She has to do housework at weekends,which she doesn’like.

As is often the case,he comes to schoo1 early.

=He comes to school early,as is often the case.

3.在 “as+be+过去分词 ”这一结构中 ,“be”可以省略 ,which后的“be”不能省略。

The bridge is really wonderful,as shown in the picture.

He liked the picture very much,which was shown in the exhibition.

此外,要注意以下结构的用法差异:

(1)The same as与the same that的区别。

the same as指的是“与… …相似”,不是指同一事物。

the same that指的是“与… …一样”,是同一事物。

如:This is the same bag as I bought yesterday.

这个包与我昨天买的相似。 (相似物)

This is the same bag that I bought yesterday.

这正是我昨天买的那个包。 (同一物)

(2)such...as与such...that的区别。

Such...as引导定语从句 ;

such...that引导结果状语从句。

如:They talked in such simple English as children could understand.

他们用孩子们能听懂的简单英语交谈。

They talked in such simple English that children would understand.

他们用十分简单的英语交谈,连孩子们都能听懂。

六、其他

前面还提到了限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句,究竟这二者有何不同呢?

(一 )限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分 ,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开, 没有这种从句会影响主句意思的完整。而非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句不影响主句意思的完整, 需用逗号把主句和从句分开。非限制性定语从句的关系代词用which(指物),who,whom,whose,of which等 ,不能用that。

如:He has a brother,who is a doctor.

他有个兄弟,是个医生。

(二 )限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区分 ,即从句有无逗号,会引起句意变化。

如:He said nothing that made her angry.

他没有说使她生气的话。

He said nothing,which made her angry.

他什么也没说,这使她很生气。

(三 )非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可省略 ,而限制性定语从句中:

1.若关系代词作表语 ,常可省略。

如:She is no longer the girl(that)she was ten years.

她不再是十年前的那个女孩了。

2.在口语中 ,作动词宾语或介词宾语 (这时介词不能在关系代词前)的关系代词可省。

Have you found the book(that)you want?

你找到了你想要的书了吗?

This is the machine(that)we have talked about.

这是我们谈到过的机器。

3.在口语中 ,关系副词或其对等结构 : 介词 +which 有时可省,特别是先行词是the way时,它的关系词有三种形式:

如:I don’t like the way that you talked to her.

I don’t like the way(that)you talked to her.

I don’t like the way in which you talked to her.

(四 )先行词是专有名词 ,整个句子或世界上独一无二的名词时,一般用非限制性定语从句。

如:The sun,which gives us light and heat,is very big.

3.英语定语从句的汉译法篇三

英语定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。现就它们的翻译方法分述如下：

1、限制性定语从句

1.1前置法

采用“的”的结构，把从句部分译成汉语的定语，置于被修饰词之前。

Theroom which served for studio was bare and dusty.

这个用作工作室的房间空荡荡的，布满灰尘。

Nothing can take the place of complete rest such as you can get from sleep.

什么也代替不了从睡眠中得到的充分休息。

I like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

我想要一间窗户面临大海的房间。

On the day before we left home there came a snowstorm.

在我们出发的前一天，下了一场暴雪。

1.2后置法

如果从句部分的译文较长，前置显得不合乎汉语习惯，可译成后置的并列分句，有时要重复先行词。

Inertia is that property of matter because of which a force must be exerted on a body in order to accelerate.

惯性是物质的一种特性，由于这个特性，必须对一物体施加一种力才能使它加速运动。

Phamacology is the science which deals especially with chemical changes in medicine as a result of which it is possible to develop new drugs.

药理学是一门科学，它专门研究医药中的化学变化，从而有可能开发新药。

These children have caring and loving parents who have not harmed them in any way whatsoever.

这些孩子的父母关心爱护他们,而且从来没有以任何方式伤害过他们。

1.3溶合法

在There be 句型中，常把主语和定语从句溶合成单句

There no places on the earth that the foot of man has not trodden.

地球上没有一个地方人类没有到过。

There are doctors who have grown up without having been called to treat a case of rabies.

有些很有经验的医生从未接诊过狂犬病人。

There are very few but admire his talents.

很少有人不欣赏他的才干。

There is much which will be unpleasing to the English reader.

有些东西会使英国读者不愉快。

2、非限制性定语从句

2.1前置法

限制性定语从句一般是描述性的或署名性，如果从句比较短，仍可译成前置定语。

He liked his sister ,who was warmkind,but did not like his brother,who was aloof and arrogant.

他喜欢他那活泼和蔼的姐姐，不喜欢他那冷漠高傲的哥哥。

But his laugh, which was very infectious ,broke the silence.

他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。

2.2后置法

译成并列分句（重复或不重复先行词）

It is possible to find in an enectric field a large number of points,all of which have the same potentials.

可以在一个电场中找到许许多多的点，所有点都具有相同的电位。

Food is taken in through the mouth ,where it is chewed and mixed with saliva.

食物經口摄入，在口腔内咀嚼并与唾液拌合。

There are 103 elements found in nature,most of which are metals.

已经发现自然界有103种元素，其中大多数元素是金属。

3、状语性定语从句

有些定语从句，包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，在语义上具有状语的功能，可表达时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、目的等。可译成相应的词或句。

I saw Mr.Li ,who was walking on tha street.

我看见李先生，（当时）他正在街上走着。（时间）

The sick child,who had been given the medicine ,soon fell asleep.

患儿服药后很快就入睡了。（时间）

We don’t like the room, which is cold.

我们不喜欢那个房间，（因为）它很冷。（原因）

He would know nothing who wants to know everything.

（假如）什么都想学，就什么也学不到。（条件）

The vampire bat attacked the cattle,which sickened and died.

吸血蝙蝠袭击家畜，造成家畜生病死亡。（结果）

There was something orginal,independent and heroric about the plan that oleased all of them.

这个方案富于创造性、独出心裁、很有魄力，使他们都很满意。(结果)

Some of the patients,who had taken the medicine,showed no better because they had neglected the doctor’s advice.

有些患者虽然服了药，仍不见好转，因为他们未遵医嘱。（让步）

The disease ,which may occur at any age, is most frequent in early adult life.

虽然该病可发生在任何年龄的人，但在青年人中最为常见（让步）

Envoys were sent out who should promote friendly relations with other countries.

对外派出使节，目的是促进与其它国家的友好关系。（目的）

Singapore has a welfare called the central provident,which ensures that the retired have a nest egg.

新加坡有一项被称为“中央节俭基金“的福利计划，以保证退休者有一份养老金。（目的）

以上介绍的定语从句翻译尚不完善，现抄录两句英文及其翻译，供读者和同仁体味其翻译之妙。

President Reagan is only the latest in a long line of intergovernmentalists who want to make sense of the functions of national,stateand local governments.

主张各级政府协调整治的人，历来都有，他们的意图是要充分发挥联邦、州和地方政府的职能。里根总统只不过是最新代表人物。

The Gross family are returniks—Russians who emigrated to the west and now decided to return.

格罗斯一家人是回国移民，他们原是移居西方的俄罗斯人，现在决定回国定居。

参考文献：

1.张培基、喻云跟，李宗杰：英汉翻译教程，上海外语教育出版社 2010

2.张志鸿：医学英语汉译技巧人民卫生出版社 1980

4.含定语从句的英语名言篇四

英语中很多名言、警句都含有定语从句，诵读这些锦言妙语，既可学习定语从句，又可学习做人的道理。请欣赏下列名言：

1.He, who knows nothing but pretends to know everything, is indeed a good-for-nothing.不懂装懂,永世饭桶。

2.He that is ill to himself will be good to nobody.人不自爱，焉能爱人？

3.He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最后, 谁笑得最好。

4.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.从不犯错误的人一事无成。

5.He that can read and meditate will not find his evenings long or life tedious.会读书思索的人不会感到长夜无聊或生活乏味。

6.He that gains time gains all things.谁赢得时间，谁就赢得一切。

7.He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes.─Hamilton错误犯得最少的将军就是最好的将军。──汉密尔顿

8.He who nothing questions, nothing learns.什么也不问的人什么也学不到。

9.He that is master of himself will soon be master of others.能自制者方能制人。

10.He that travels far knows much.行万里者,见多识广。

11.He that cannot ask cannot live.万事不求人,哪里能生存？

12.A friend is someone who knows all about you and still loves you.朋友就是这样的人──他了解你的一切而仍然喜欢你。

13.All is not gold that glitters.闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。

14.All’s well that ends well.结果好就一切都好。

15.God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。

16.Opportunity & luck always shows appreciation for those who are bold in struggling.机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。

17.It is the peculiarity of knowledge that those who really thirst for it always get it.凡真正渴求知识者总能得之，这就是知识的独特之处。

18.Those who make most people happy are the happiest in the world.─Karl Marx

能使大多数人幸福的人是世界上最幸福的人。──卡尔·马克思

19.Those who find faults with others often lose their glamour.─Gorky

爱找别人阴暗面的人，自己也常常失去魅力。──高尔基

20.He conquers twice, who upon victory overcomes himself.─Francis Bacon

5.英语从句的分类篇五

1.It has been proved _________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A.if B.because C.when D.that

2.The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.that C.when D.why

3.________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 4.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make use do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that 5.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.96A.That B.Which C.WhatD.As 6.________

our

belief

that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A.As B.That

C.This

D.It 7.______ team wins on Saturday willthrough to the national championships.A.No matter what B.No

matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 8.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I agree.A.why B.where C.what

.D how 9.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 10.I think Father would like to know ______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 11.Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this is ______ makes me feel so proud.A.what B.which C.that D.why 12.________ puzzles the scientists is how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.A.What B.As C.That D.It 13._____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.Who C.Whoever D.The person 14.Inside the White House, there is a room called the Oval Office.That’s _______ the president works.A.whey B.when C.what D.where 15.______ you will be admitted to York University will be decided by the Admission Committee.A.That B.Whether C.What D.If 16.The reason ____ I plan to go is _____ she will be disappointed if I don’t.A.why;that

B.that;because C.which;because D.why;for 17.We sell handmade gifts._____gift you order from us is unique for the special person!A.Which B.That C.Whichever D.What that/what的区别

1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you

B.That；how you are

C.How；that you are

D.What；how you are 2.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what

B.that

C.how

D.why that 3.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what

B.where

C.the place

D.there where 4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be

B.what it was used to being

C.what it used to being

D.what it was used to be

5.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that

B.That … what

C.What … what

D.That … what

6.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such 1-17: DCADC DDBBC disagree，与agree具有相同用法，既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，但要注意对应的场合。下面以agree为例，具体说明之。

agree只有在以下两种情形中作及物动词：

1）agree + to do sth.（动词不定式）

2）agree + that...（that引导的宾语从句）

agree在其他场合只能作不及物动词： 1）agree with + sb./view/opnion等名词

2)agree to + sth.(plan/suggestion等总括名词)

6.英语定语从句句子篇六

1、她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。

She is the girl who studies math hard.

2、他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。

He is the man whom/that we talked about just now.

3、这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。

This is the girl whose father is a policeman.

4、他们住在一座窗户朝南的房子里。

They live in a house whose windows face south.

5、我仍然记得我第一次来到这座城市的那一天

I still remember the day when we first arrived in the city.

6、这就是我们以前住过的房子

This is the house in which/where we used to live.

7、他们来到一所农舍，农舍前面坐着一个小男孩

They arrived at a cottage, in front of which sat a little boy.

8、我花10元钱买的钢笔丢了

I lost the pen that cost me 10 yuan.

9、那个女人住在楼下，她是个音乐家

The woman lives downstairs, who is a musician.

10、他考试通过了，这使他父母很高兴

He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.

11.、众所周知，中国将在2008年举办奥运会As we all know, china host the olympic games in 2008. china host the olympic games in 2008, which we all know.

12、我永远记得我参军的那一天

I will always remember the day when I joined the army.

13、我们班有50个学生，三分之二是女生

There are 50 students in our class, 2/3 of whom are girls.

14、我们期望的那一天将很快来到

The day (that/which we expect) will come soon.

15、他们正在谈论在公园里看到的人和物

They are talking about the people and things that they saw in the park.

16、这是30年代写的最著名的剧本之一

This is the one of the most famous scripts that was written in the 30s.

17.这正是我要为她买的礼物

This is the very present that I want to buy for her.

18、正在看电视的女孩是Kate.

The girl who is watching TV is Kate.

19、她就是照顾这些孩子的护士.

She is the nurse that took care of these children.

20、我遇见了告诉我这个消息的史密斯先生.

I met Mr. Smith, who told me the news.21、你认识我们在学校里遇见的老师吗?考试及答案

Do you know the teacher whom we met in the school?

22、她就是我们正在寻找的人.

She is the person we are looking for.

23、书包丢了的那个男孩叫Tom.

The boy is Tom who lost his bag.

The boy is tom whose bag was missing.

24、被叫到名字的男孩们站起来.

The boys whose names are called stand up please.

25、这就是你要的那本书。

This is the book you want.

26、那是我所见过的最大的地图.

This is the largest map that I have ever seen.

27、七八月份是天气很热的月份。

July and august are the months that are very hot.

28、它发生在我出生的那天。

It happened the day when I was born.

29、他昨天去了他曾经上过学的学校。

He went to the school where he used to studied.

30、你知道我们为什么早走吗?

Do you know the reason why we left early?

二、定语从句翻译句子

1.我们在医院一直照顾take care of的老太太死了.

The old lady whom we had taken care of in the hospital last year died.

2.你想娶marry的姑娘昨天偷了我的钱包。

The girl whom you want to marry stole your wallet yesterday.

3.孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。

The book that Mt. Sun wrote is the best book in the world.

4.你喜欢女孩就是我喜欢的女孩。

The girl who you like is the girl who I like.

5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人bite今天又被你家狗咬了。

The man who was bit by my dog was bit by my dog today again.

6.你知道他打算娶reason你的原因吗?

Do you know the reason for which he is going to marry you?

Do you know the reason why he is going to marry you?

7.我讨厌hate我住过的那个旅馆hotel。

I hate the hotel where I lived.

I hate the hotel in which I lived.

I hate the hotel I lived in.

8.我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天autumn。

I will never forget the autumn when I studied and lived with you.

I will never forget the autumn in which I studied and lived with you.

9.他爱了20年的那个女孩昨天嫁marry人了。

The girl whom he had loved for 20 years married someone yesterday.

10.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。

She is the beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

11.有什么事我能帮你吗?

Is there anything that I can do for you?

12.昨天死的那个老太太留下了100万美圆。

The old lady who died yesterday left one million.

13.昨天那个医生告诉我他为我爹什么也做不了了。

The doctor told me yesterday that there is nothing that he could do for my father.

14.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页.

This is the page ,where you can find the answer.

This is the page ,which you can find the answer on.

15.正像老师昨天说的那样，他没有通过考试。

As the teacher told me yesterday, he didn’t pass the exam.

16.正像我们刚才讨论的那样，学习英语很容易。

As we was discussing just now, it’s easy for us to study English.

17.正像我妈昨天告诉我的那样，我的女朋友根本不爱我。

As my mother told me yesteray , my girlfriend didn’t love me at all.

18.正像你知道的那样钱是非常重要的。

As you know, the money is very important.

19. 我们现在学的商务英语非常有用。

We are studying the business English, which is very useful for us In the future.

20.你知道你们家狗要死的原因吗?

Do you know the reason why your dog is going to die?

21. 她就是那个到明年年底，会攒一万美圆的那个女孩。

She is the girl who will have made ten thousand dollars by the end of nest year.

22. 你认识那个警察一直在找的小偷吗?

Do you know the thief whom (who) the policeman has been looking for?

23. 昨天他告诉我，是谁吃了我的苹果，那个苹果是我妈妈给我买的。

Yesterday, He told me who had eaten my apple which my mother bought for me.

24. 自从她出生以来她就从未见过她爸爸。

She has never seen her father since he was born.

25. 她昨天告诉我，自从他去年见到她父亲，就再也没有见过了。

Yesterday, she told me that she had never seen her father sine she was born

26. 你知道你们班长喜欢的那个是贼的女孩吗?

7.关于英语语法中定语从句的使用篇七

1. 定语从句的概念

定语从句又叫关系从句，是一个句子作定语修饰一个名词性成分。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。因为定语从句较长，所以总是放到所修饰词的后面，较短的一个名词或代词无论作主语、宾语或其它成分，后面带了个结构完整的句子难免有些突兀。这就需要把先行词和后面的定语从句连起来，起这种链条作用的连接词叫关系词。

2. 定语从句的重要组成部分

2.1 定语从句：

定语从句是由关系词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.2 先行词：

被限制或修饰的名词或代词。

2.3 关系词：

引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词引导定语从句都起着三重作用：一是链条作用，二是代表先行词，三是在定语从句中充当一个成分。

2.3.1 指人的关系代词有who, whose, whom, that。

Eg:The old man whom we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

2.3.2 指物的关系代词有which, whose, that。

(注意：指物时，下列情况只能用that，不能用which。)

Ⅰ.先行词是anything, few, all, some等不定代词，或有不定代词修饰。

Eg:All the books that you offered has been given out.

Ⅱ.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身就是序数词、形容词最高级。

Eg:The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

Ⅲ.先行词被the very, the only等修饰。

Eg:The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.

Ⅳ.主句中有who, which等wh-开头的特殊疑问词。

Eg:Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

Ⅴ.先行词既有人也有物。

Eg:This is the scientist and his theory that we have learned.

Ⅵ.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that。

2.3.3 关系副词引导定语从句时作定语从句的状语，where表示地点，when表示时间，why表示原因。

Ⅰ.Where:

Eg:Cook went to Canada, where the war was being fought.

Ⅱ.When:

Eg:At the time when I saw him, he was very busy.

Ⅲ.Why:

Eg:The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is not convincing.

2.3.4 由其他词引导的定语从句。

Ⅰ.as可以作关系代词，引导定语从句，主要和such或same连用。

Eg:They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.

Ⅱ.but也可以用作关系代词来引导定语从句，意思接近与that (who)...not(常和否定词连用，用法已经有些过时)。

3. 定语从句的分类

定语从句就其与先行项的语义关系分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系。非限制性定语从句和它的先行项之间只有比较松散的联系，仅仅是对先行项提供的一些补充说明。

3.1 限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句在口语中前后没有停顿，在书写中通常不用逗号。

Eg:The man who did the robbery has been caught.

限制性定语从句通常出现在下列搭配中：当名词中心词带有表示类别的不定冠词时，其后的关系分句通常为限制性定语从句。

Eg:He is the man who told me the news.

3.2 非限制性定语从句。

这种分句在书写中常用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句的引导词通常是who, whom, where, when和which等wh-词。

Eg:The chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right.

3.3 介词+关系代词。

在定语从句中一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构。要掌握这类定语从句，需注意一下三点。

3.3.1 关系代词的选用

在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom，先行词是物，用which;先行词是人，用whom。

3.3.2 介词的选用

Ⅰ.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定介词。

Ⅱ.根据先行词来确定介词。

Ⅲ.根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。

3.3.3 介词的位置

介词一般放在关系代词which或whom之前，但也可放在原来的位置上。(注意当介词和从句中的谓语动词是固定词组时，介词一般不前置。例如：care for, deal with, get through, hear from.)。

4. 学习定语从句时常见的错误用法

4.1 定语从句中的主谓不一致。

【误】I, who is your friend, will try my best to help you.

【正】I, who am your friend, will try my best to help you.

【析】当定语从句所修饰的先行词是一个代词时，谓语动词的形式要与该代词的人称保持一致。

4.2 定语从句中that与which的误用。

【误】He doesn’t see things (in) the way which we see things.

【正】He doesn’t see things (in) the way that we see things.

【正】He doesn’t see things (in) the way in which we see things.

【正】He doesn’t see things (in) the way we see things.

【析】that还可以代替“介词(of, with, in等)+which (whom)”，这是一种比较通俗的用法。在way的后面有定语从句，而way在其中充当状语时，有三种表达方式：(A) the way; (B) the way that; (C) the way in which。先行词如果是表示时间、方法之类的名词时，that常常被省略。

参考文献

[1]章振邦.新编英语语法教程.上海外语教育出版社, 2003.

[2]王乐君.高中英语基础知识全书.世界图书出版公司, 2004.

[3]郁明亮, 金惟康, 陈浩.大学英语典型错误解析.上海辞书出版社, 2006.

[4]马德高.教材全易通高中英语必修一.山东省地图出版社, 2008.

8.小议高中英语中的定语从句篇八

1.定语从句的定义：修饰某一个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。

3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。

4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关阿系代词和关系副词）。

（1）关系代词：that/ which /who/whom /whose/ as

（2）关系副词：when/where/why

5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】

6.引导词的功能（作用）：

（1）连接先行词和定语从句。

（2）在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语，关系副词充当状语）。

7.定语从句的类型：

（1）限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约的作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开，也不可将其省略，否则句意就不完整。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句

The man who you’re talking to is my friend.

②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导

The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.

介词的选用是高考的重点，可采用还原法，把定语从句的关系代词还原到句子里面，在该词的前面加上适当的介词，就很容易判断。例如：

The man （） whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.

还原：Italked the man at the meeting .（about）

The palace （） which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.

還原：I often pay a visit the place.（to）

③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”（先行词指人用whom，指物用which），some， any， none， all， both， several， many， most等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。

He has seven children， three of whom are abroad.

We have many books， none of which is/are interesting.

（2）非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用，如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍完整。

He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday，which pleased her a lot.

A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages， which surprises all the people present.

8.定语从句注意事项：

（1）如果先行词是all， much， anything， something， nothing， everything， little， none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。

（2）如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first， last， any， only， few， most， no， very等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which， who或whom。

（3）非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that，作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。

There are about seven million people taking part in the election， most of whom are well educated.

（4）which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语、宾语、表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似。例如：

He succeeded in the competition， which made his parents very happy.

（5）先行词既指人又指物，关系代词应该用that。

（6）关系副词when， where， why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：

There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.

Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.

Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer？

（7）定语从句中主谓一致问题。

This is one of the rooms that are free now.

one of +可数名词的复数+关系代词（做主语）+V +其他，谓语动词的数由可数名词的复数决定，如果one之前有限定词，谓语动词的数则由one决定。

He was the only one of the boys who was late for class.

（8）as 引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，对其进行说明，常用于as we all know， as is known to all， as is it， as is said above， as is often the case， as is reported in the newspaper等句式中，通常由逗号将其与主句隔开，as 有“正如……”，“就像……”之意。

9.高三英语语法练习-从句篇九

一、知识网络

并列连词(but, yet, however, nevertheless, for, so, therefore, and, or, either…or…, neither…nor…, both…and…, as well as)

连词从属连词(when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whether, since, the moment, where, if, unless, suppose, supposing, providing, provided, as long as, in order that, so that, so, lest, because, since, so…that…, such…that, although/though, even though/if, than, than, like, as if/though)

二、方法指点

连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。

并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等

三、重点讲解：

定义：用来连接词、短语、从句与句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，不能独立担任句子成分。

Slow but sure.要慢而稳。（连接单词）

We may be leaving today or tomorrow.我们可能今天或明天走。（连接词与词）

Now I must go or I shall be late for the party.我现在得走，否则晚会我就要迟到了。（连接句与句）

I went and she went also.我去了，她也去了。（连接分句）

（一）连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子的连词叫并列连词。根据其意义，并列连词又可分为表示联合、转折、选择和因果等四种关系的连词。

1．表示联合关系的并列连词: 表示联合关系的并列连词有：and(和)，both…and…(既……又……)，neither…nor…(既不….y也不….)，not only…but also….(不但…..而且…..)，as well as(除….外，也…..)，如： I am a teacher and he is a doctor.He has experience as well as knowledge.(He has not only knowledge but also experience.)Neither I nor he has seen the film.2．表示转折关系的并列连词: 表示转折关系的并列连词有：but(可是，但是)，while(而，然而)，yet(可是)，however(然而，但是)，whereas(而)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，如：I am willing, yet unable.我心有余而力不足。He is short, while his brother is tall.他个子矮而他兄弟个子高plain.3．表示选择关系的并列连词: 表示选择关系的并列连词有：or(或)，or else(否则)，otherwise(要不然)，either….or…(或….或….,不是…..就是…..)，rather than(而不，也不)，如：John or I am to blame.Seize the chance, otherwise(or else)you’ll regret it.（otherwise, or else 常放在祈使句后面）You can either stay at home or go fishing.He went rather than stay as an unwelcome guest.。

4．表示因果关系的并列连词:(1)表示因果关系的并列连词有：so(所以)，for(因为)，如：It is morning, for the birds are singing.是早晨了，因为鸟叫了。It was late, so I went home.天已晚了，因此我就回家了。

(2)then(那么，因而)，thus(因而)，hence(因此)，therefore(因此，所以)等副词常可放句首表示因果关系，如： He studied hard, thus he got a full mark.His car broke down, thus he was late for work.It is winter now;hence the days will be shorter.。

（二）从属连词: 用来连接主句和从句的连词叫从属连词。

1．引导名词性从句的从属连词: 引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词 that, whether 和 if, 这些连接词在句中不充当任何句子成分；

连接代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, what 等，它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等；连接副词主要有when, where, how, why 等，它们在句中可作状语（相见名词性从句），如：We know(that)the earth goes round the sun.（宾语从句）What we need is more time.我们需要的是时间。（主语从句）That’s what I want.（表语从句）The news that our team had won was very exciting.（同位语从句）

2．引导状语从句的从属连词

（1）引导时间状语从句的从属连词: 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when(当…..时)，while(在…期间)，as(当….时，一边…一边)，after(在….之后)，before(在….之前)，since(自从….以来)，till/until(直到，直到….才)，once(一旦…..), as soon as(一….就….), the moment/instant(一…..就….), no sooner….than….(刚….就….), hardly…..when(一……..就….)等，如：Once you begin, you must go on.（2）When it rains, I go on school by bus.When: Don’t get excited when you talk.When he got up he felt dizzy.While: We must strike while the iron is hot.While she ate she grew more restless.As: As he spoke two men came up.He smiled as he passed.Before: Look before you leap.It will be five years before we meet again.After: I arrived after he had left.I’ll tell them after you have left.Until, till : I’ll take no steps until you arrive.I propose waiting till the police get here.Since: How long is it since you came to London? It was years since I had seen her.Whenever: I go and visit him whenever I’m in town.Whenever possible, they play outside.（3）引导原因状语从句的从属连词: 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有as(由于)，because(因为)，since(既然)等，如： He didn’t go to school because he was ill.Since everybody is here, let’s begin.Because: Because it was wet he took a taxi.As: As David had a passion for walking, we started off on foot.还有一些表示原因的状语从句由seeing（that）,considering(that)或now that 等引导： Please don’t try to back out now that everything has been arranged.Now you’re here, you may make yourself useful.许多用在形容词后的that 从句也起原因状语的作用（that 有时可省略）：She was glad that she had controlled herself.I’m disappointed that they cannot come.引导地点状语从句的从属连词: 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where(在….地方)，wherever(无论在…..哪里)等，如：Wherever she may be, she will be happy.Where there is a will, there is a way.（4）引导条件状语从句的从属连词

① 条件状语从句的从属连词主要由if, unless, supposing(suppose)引导：

if: I must leave if that’s the case.如果情况如此我就得走了。He will come if asked.如果邀请的话他会来的。

unless: I won’t write unless he writes first.I’ll go there tomorrow unless it rains.supposing: Supposing that he asks you, will you go? Supposing his plan goes wrong, what will you do then?

suppose: Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then? Suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?

provided: I will agree to go provided(providing)(that)my expenses are paid.She agreed to go and work there provided that her family could go with her.providing: I’ll dry the dishes, providing that you do the washing-up.② 条件状语从句还有其他形式：They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.You will always have a home as long as I have anything.此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起连词作用。

（5）引导目的状语从句的从属连词:引导目的状语从句的从属连词有that(以便)，so that(为了)，in order that(为了)lest(以防，免得)，in case(以防，免得)等，如：She took medicine on time in order that she might get well soon.I came here that I might take a good look at the new bridge.in order that: I lent him ￡50 in order(so)that he might go for a holiday.so that: Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.so: Can’t you fix it somehow so you could stay longer? that: I am anxious to get done that I may be back in Ireland.lest: He hurried on, lest she should meet him again.（6）引导结果状语从句的从属连词:引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so(结果)，so that(结果)，so…..that/such….that(如此…..以致)，that(以致)等，（that 有时可以省略，特别是在口语中）如： It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.He is such a good student that we all like him.so…that: He was so young that you must excuse him.such…that: Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.（7）引导让步状语从句的从属连词:引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though/although(虽然)，as(虽然)，even if/even though(即使)，however(无论怎样)，whatever(无论什么)，whoever(无论谁)，no matter how/what/which……(无论多么/什么/哪一个……)等，如：Even if you were here yesterday, you couldn’t help him.（8）引导方式状语从句的从属连词:引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as(正如)，as if/as though(好像，似乎)等，如： He speaks English as if he were an English-man.Use a book as a bee does a flower.（9）引导比较状语从句的从属连词: 引导比较状语从句的从属连词有 as(如……), as…….as….,(像….一样)，not so …..as…..(与…不一样)，than(比)等，如：He works harder than before.His elder sister is as tall as his mother.储存连词：

1．引导时间状语从句的从属连词: 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有________(当…..时)，_____(在…期间)，____(当….时，一边…一边)，_______(在….之后)，______(在….之前)，______(自从….以来)，_______(直到，直到….才)，________(一旦…..),___________(一….就….), __________(一…..就….), ___________(刚….就….), _________(一……..就….)等，如：Once you begin, you must go on.你一开了头，就应该继续下去

2．引导原因状语从句的从属连词:引导原因状语从句的从属连词有______(由于)，________(因为)，______(既然)等.3．引导地点状语从句的从属连词: 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有_______在….地方)，___________(无论在…..哪里)Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

4．引导条件状语从句的从属连词条件状语从句的从属连词主要由________________________)引导：此外_______________________________都起连词作用。

5．引导目的状语从句的从属连词:引导目的状语从句的从属连词有________(以便)，_________(为了)，______________(为了)________(以防，免得)，___________(以防，免得)等，6．引导结果状语从句的从属连词:引导结果状语从句的从属连词有______(结果)，________(结果)，___________--(如此…..以致)，_________(以致)等，（that 有时可以省略，特别是在口语中）如： 7．引导让步状语从句的从属连词:引导让步状语从句的从属连词有________________(虽然)，________(虽然)，____________________(即使)，__________r(无论怎样)，___________(无论什么)，__________-(无论谁)，__________________________(无论多么/什么/哪一个……)等。

8．引导比较状语从句的从属连词: 引导比较状语从句的从属连词有________(如……),____________,(像….一样)，_________________.(与…不一样)，__________(比)等。

（三）部分易混连词的用法比较

（一）when 和while

1.两个词都可以表示“当……..时”，引导时间状语从句。When 引导时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的；while 引导时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的 He was doing his homework when I came in.I came in when/while he was doing his homework.While/when I was in the town, I saw him twice.2.When 还可译作“这时”，while 可译作“而，然而” He was playing football outside when it began to rain.He is tall while his elder brother is short.（二）though 和 as:两个词都可以表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。Though 引导的从句可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序。As 引导的从句要用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as 之前，如：

1．尽管天气冷，可他仍然继续工作。Cold as it was, he went on working.<-> Though it was cold, he went on working.Cold though it is, he went on working.2．虽然他还是个孩子，可懂很多事情。Child as he is, he knows a lot.<-> Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Child though he is, he knows a lot.3．尽管你读得快，你也不能在三天内读完这本书。Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in three days./ Fast though you read, you can’t finish the book in three days.Though you read fast, you can’t finish the book in three days./ Try though he might, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.4．不管怎样努力，他还是摆脱不了困难。Try as he might, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.Though he might try, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.（三）because, as, since 和 for for 是并列连词，语气最弱，对前面分句加以解释或表示推断的原因。引导的分句一般置于句末，从句前要用逗号。

Because 表示产生某结果的必有原因，语气最强，引导的从句可以置于句首或句末，放在句首时通常用逗号。

As 表示原因时，语气不如because 那么强，可译为“因为，由于”，引导的从句常置于句首。

Since 可译为“既然”，往往表示一些显而易见的原因，语气不如because 强，引导的从句常置于句首。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.As she was in a bad mood, we left her alone.He is absent from school because he is ill.Because /as it was wet, we went there by bus.Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr.Smith wanted to give John a chance.（四）if 和 whether

1.表示“是否”时两个词都能引导宾语从句I wonder if/whether you can examine him now.2．如果主句的谓语是短语动词，用whether, 而不用if Everything depends on whether we have enough money.3．某些动词（如discuss）后的宾语从句，用whether, 而不用if They discussed whether they should help her.3．宾语从句置于句首时，用whether,不用if Whether it is true or not, I can’t say.4．宾语从句为否定形式时，通常if,而不用whether I asked her if he would come.5． if 可译作“如果”引导条件状语从句If I were you, I would not go.6． Whether 可译作“不管，无论”，引导让步状语从句Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that.不管他同意与否我都要做这事。

7． Whether 可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、接不定式，或接or not 等（if 则不能）

Whether he will come or not is unknown.（主语从句）

The question is whether it is worth doing.（表语从句）

I have no idea whether he is there.（同位语从句）

I don’t know whether he will do it or not.（接or not）She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.（接不定式）

★比较so 和 such 其规律由so 与such 的不同词性决定。

such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little 连用，形成固定搭配。

so + adj.such + a(n)+ n.so + adj.+ a(n)+ n.such + n.(pl.)so + adj.+ n.(pl.)

such +n.(pl.)so + adj.+ n.[不可数]

such +n.[不可数] so foolish

such a fool

so nice a flower