工作总结写作评分标准(精选9篇)
1.工作总结写作评分标准 篇一
1. 任务完成情况
任务完成情况主要包括三个方面:内容(content)是否切题,立场(position)是否鲜明并得到有效阐释,结构(structure)是否有逻辑性。
内容如何做到切题,关键在于审题时要找准题目的主题(topic)以及针对该主题所提出的问题(topic questions)。一般来说,主题就是题目中反复出现或主句中充当主语或宾语的名词以及名词短语,而问句则通常就是我们要讨论的要点,如果要点理解有误或漏掉某个要点,则都属于没有切题。譬如:
With the increasing use of mobile phones, less people tend to write letters. Some people believe that writing letters will disappear completely. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
从这个题目当中我们不难看出writing letters出现的频率较高,且都在主句中出现,说明它就是我们要找的主题,如果你过多描述mobile phones给我们带来的好处就跑题了。另外,题目的写作任务也很清楚:Do you agree that writing letters will disappear completely? 属于“支持或反对”类的题,必须明确表达你的立场,不能既同意又不同意,同时表达你同意或不同意的理由。
立场要做到鲜明并得到有效阐释需要有如下几个内容:topic sentence(主题句),main ideas(论点),supporting points(论据)。主题句通常放在文章的首段,开门见山地表明你的立场,主题句只能有一个;论点放在中间段的首句,让读者一目了然,论点应该有两个以上,否则论证就不充分;论据包括evidence(证据)、examples(例子)等,放在论点后面,每个论点都应该有论据作支撑,否则就会显得论据不足。
合理的文章结构通常由三大部分组成,即引言(introduction)、主体(body)和结论(conclusion),写4-5段比较合理。引言要涵盖主题、写作任务和主题句,主体则要包括足够的论点和论据,结论可以重申观点、提出建议或展望未来。在这里需要提醒大家一定要认真审题,许多考生在考试的时候没有看清题目要求,明明题目分析优缺点,有些同学却写成了同意与否的题目,整篇文章走题,只能取得5分以下的分数。
2. 连贯与衔接
文章的连贯性主要体现在段落与段落之间,句子与句子之间。
段落之间的“启”、“承”、“转”、“合”可通过表顺序的过渡词完成,譬如:
表示开始:first of all, in the first place, at the very beginning, to begin with, currently, at present, for one thing等。
表示承接:besides, further more, in addition, moreover, what’s more, meanwhile, apart from, as well as, similarly, in the same way等。
表示转折:however, whereas, while, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand等。
表示结论:in conclusion, in brief, in short, to sum up, ultimately, overall等。
句子之间的逻辑关系也要通过一些逻辑连词来完成,譬如:
表示原因:because (of ), accordingly, due to, owing to, for this reason, since, as a result, as a consequence等。
表达观点:in my opinion, personally, from my viewpoint, it seems to me, it is clear to me that, as far as I am concerned
举例说明:for example, for instance, as follows, such as, that is to say, namely, just as, in particular等。
表示让步:although, in spite of, despite of, despite the fact that, regardless of等。
建议大家可以在平日的练习中多多使用这些连词造句,不能只认识而不会使用,例如in spite of 和 despite这两个词后面只能跟短语而不能跟句子,这都是同学们在作文中常常犯的错误。
3. 词汇资源
词汇的多少并不能决定文章的好坏,但用词的精准性是可以加分的。一般来说词汇的准确表达可以通过两个方面达到,一是在用词的难度上拔高,二是在近义词的多种表达上提升。譬如要描述一个好人,很多同学首先想到的形容词就是good, kind, wise, nice, clever, great, bright等词,而这些词往往很难出彩,因为描述太过于抽象,如果能用到诸如ambitious, tactful, eloquent, charismatic, committed之类的词就很具体了。当然,这些词需要我们平时的日积月累,不是靠一两天的功夫就可以运用自如的。还有,值得提醒的是不要认为这些词好就过分堆积,会给考官留下华而不实的感觉,正如优秀的厨师往往都不会用太多的佐料,而只需油盐就可以了。
雅思写作取得高分的关键在于灵活地运用词汇,多使用非常用词汇,分数一般来说不会低于5.5分。因此,在日常学习中,如何区别低分词汇和高分词汇是关键所在。中国考生一般来说可以比较正确的表达出自己的观点,但是对于词汇和句式的使用就有些茫然了,经常会重复使用词汇,句式也只会用简单句。举一个例子,英语中的‘我认为’有无数种说法,大多数中国考生只会用‘I think’ , 值得注意的是,学术写作中的 ‘我认为’不能使用这个词组,I contend, from my point of view, as far as I am concerned, I argue, I assert…这些词汇都是学术英语中表示个人观点的高分词汇。
4. 语法的多样性和准确性
句子的好坏主要取决于句子结构的准确性和丰富性,句子的长度和复杂性以及用语的逻辑性和正式性。
句子结构的准确性涉及主谓一致、句子平衡性等问题,比如:The main reason for this use of informal languages are various and complicated. 这个句子不细心的同学很难发现它有问题,因为主语太长有时会忽视真正的主语其实是the main reason,是个单数形式,所以are 应该改为is. 再比如:In my opinion, use mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than write letters. 这是个很典型的错误,很多同学在写作的过程当中会误把动词或动词短语当主语用而造成句子结构的错误,而只有动词的非谓语形式才能在句中充当主语或宾语,因此,此句正确的表达应该是:In my opinion, using mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than writing letters.
句子结构的丰富性也是考官给分的一个亮点,好的段落应该由不同的句式组成,而不应该是千篇 一律的句子结构。例如:I have many hobbies. For example, I like movies, I like playing basketball and football, and I like singing and dancing. 很明显,该句完全由“I + do”结构组成且like使用的频率过高,我们不妨做如下修改:I have many hobbies. Movies, for example, are my favorite and I am also fond of playing basketball and football. Sometimes when staying with my friends, I’d prefer singing and dancing rather than any other way of amusement.
句子的长度和难度是很多考生追求的目标,其实并不需要每个句子都写得很长很复杂,相反,如果整篇文章都是长难句,考官也会觉得很厌烦,就像一个人喜欢吃红烧肉,如果你天天给他吃红烧肉,他也会觉得很腻味一样,因此最好的方法就是长短句结合。
短句变长:即善用连接词and, but, or, yet, so等。例如:Living off campus is exciting. Living off campus is more independent. I prefer the convenience of living on campus. 不难看出,这是两种对立的观点,因此我们可以将其变为:Living off campus is exciting and more independent, but I prefer the convenience of living on campus.
还有比较重要的一点是不容忽视的,即用语的正式性和严谨性。实际上,在汉语中也有很多这样的例子,比如我们说:“这里人真多啊!”这就是一个典型的口语化的表达方式,而如果用“人山人海”、“车水马龙”、“摩肩接踵”等词来形容人多就是写作语言了。我们不妨看几个非正式用语的句子:Parents have to get kids food and other stuff. 此句中的kids和stuff就是两个非正式用语,如变成:Parents have to provide children with food and other necessities.就正式了。再如:People always say competitive sports are totally cool. 此句中的cool以及这个句式都是属于比较口语化的,应该变为:It is always said that competitive sports benefit us in several important ways.
专家为大家分析了雅思考试的四个标准,考生们一定要仔细琢磨,只要静下心来好好领悟评分标准,再通过一定量的写作来提升自己全方位的能力,就可以获得满意的成绩。写作不存在侥幸,也没有捷径,必须要下足功夫,否则想要提高写作分数是很困难的。
2.雅思写作四大评分标准 篇二
雅思写作通常有Task1和Task2两个部分,考官给以下四项分别评等级分:任务完成情况(Task1)、任务反应情况(Task2)、连贯与衔接、词汇和句式丰富性及语法准确性。
雅思写作评分标准
一、在雅思考试任务完成方面,达到写作任务各项要求、能确切选择有用信息进行全面评述、呈现并强调主要特点或要点,但细节可能与要点无关、不恰当或不准确。
雅思写作评分标准
二、雅思写作连贯及衔接方面,信息和分论点安排连贯,论证过程清楚,有效使用衔接手段,但句内或句间衔接有错误或显机械呆板,有时指代不清晰或不恰当。
雅思写作评分标准
三、雅思词汇量方面,相对写作任务而言,所运用的词汇量充足,尝试运用非常见词汇但有时出现错误,拼写和构词出现一些错误,但不影响交流。
雅思写作评分标准
四、句式多样性及语法准确性方面,混合使用简单和复合句,语法和标点出现一些错误但基本不影响交流。
3.课程论文写作要求及评分标准 篇三
课程论文文稿格式要求
1.论文提交打印版(A4纸)一级标题3号黑体、二级标题4号黑体、三级标题5号宋体,正文5号宋体,固定行距24磅,页眉横线上加标题,页脚:1.75页码1、2、3---居中,提交时间为课程结束前两周之内;
2.参考文献应在5篇以上;3.课程论文字数应在3000字以上;
4.论文书写(装订)格式(安顺序)如下:
●封面:包括论文标题,班级,姓名,完成日期等;●论文摘要(小四楷体);●关键词(3~5)(小四楷体);●正文;●参考文献(小四楷体)。
5.参考文献目录格式:(1)文章引用格式:[顺序号]作者:文章标题,杂志名称,年代,卷号(期号)页码;(2)书籍引用格式:[顺序号]作者,书籍名称,出版社名称,出版年代。评分标准
1.题目:应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,简明、准确、引人注目,一般不宜超过20字,必要时可加附题。(5-10分)
2.摘要:客观地概括本论文的主要内容、研究方法和结论,语言力求精炼。避免写成引言、序言或提要。摘要在150字以内。(5-10分)
3.关键词:一般选取3-5个词作为关键词,可以直接从题目和摘要中提取,尽量准确反映论文的主题、研究角度和特点。(5-10分)
4.正文:这是论文的核心和主体。尽量做到观点鲜明,层次清晰,论证充分,语言规范,专业词汇准确。要求紧扣主题,有自己的评述、观点。(30-60)
(1)90-100:格式规范,符合课程论文写作要求;内容主题明确,符合课程教学内容,有明确的综合分析论点。参考文献充分、正文引用恰当,文献引文格式符合文献标准;无摘录摘抄痕迹,能恰当运用自己的语言组织素材,论点正确。
(2)80-89:格式基本符合课程论文写作要求;内容主题明确,符合课程教学内容,具有明显的综合分析论点。参考文献充分、正文能够对文献进行引用,文献引文格式基本符合科技期刊论文文献标准;正文主体大部分运用自己的语言组织素材,论点正确。
(3)70-79: 提交文档基本符合课程论文写作要求;有集中讨论的内容主题,符合课程教学内容,有一定的综合分析论点。列出一定的参考文献,文献引文格式基本符合技期刊论文文献标准;论点基本正确。
4.调研报告、论文写作试用评分标准 篇四
调研报告评分试用标准
1、写好调查报告一般来说,它有四个要点
一是求真务实。调研报告必须真实反映调研中获得的情况,进行实事求是地分析研究,不得虚构、夸大,更不能网络下载、胡编乱造。
二是具有针对性
调查报告一般都是针对某一重要情况、经验或问题进行有目的的系统调查研究后写出来的书面报告,不能泛泛而谈,没有中心、没有重点。报告要围绕中心议题总结经验,找出规律,提出指导性意见。
三是具有典型性
调查报告是集中反映典型环境中的典型人物和典型事例,因此,所选取的素材才有典型意义,能反映事物的本质,能给全面工作提供借鉴。
四是进行正确的分析总结
调研报告一般要求有情况(包括经验、问题)、有分析、有建议,特别是分析非常重要。一个好的调查报告,一定要有从实际情况出发分析出带有规律性的东西。没有分析,就没有理性的认识,也就没有观点。
2、调研报告评分标准:
一、得分要素
1)、调研目的明确,围绕主题展开调查;
2)、时间、地点、对象和调查内容陈述详细;
3)、严格限定在规定的范围内进行调查,不任意扩大调查范围;
4)、分析有理有据,结论正确;
5)、层次、段落清晰,语言通顺,无错别字,符合中文行文格式。符合以上要求为优秀,某方面有欠缺酌情扣分。
二、扣分环节
1)、没有进行调查,凭空胡编乱造;
2)、内容与本次调研主题不符合、或直接网络下载无关内容拼凑;
3)、任意扩大范围,没有对规定的主题、对象进行调研;
4)、抄袭(同学间抄袭和网络抄袭)、或大量内容类同;
5)、政治错误。
有以上一项即为不及格,有二项为差。
具体标准如见下页:各项权重0.1。满分合计10分
可以直接用内容栏大项给分
论文评分标准
优秀
1.观点明确;论据充足;论述深刻,论证严谨,有一定的独创性;5 分 2.结构完整,层次清晰,文理通顺,表达准确,格式规范。3 分 3.综合运用已学知识分析、解决问题的能力强。2 分 良好
1.观点明确;内容充实;有一定的理论性;论证严谨,逻辑性强。4 2.结构完整,层次清楚,语言流畅,格式规范。3 3.综合运用已学知识分析、解决问题的能力较强。2 中等
1.观点明确;内容完善;有一定的理论性;逻辑性强。3 2.结构完整,层次清楚,语言流畅,格式规范。2 3.综合运用已学知识分析、解决问题的能力一般。2 及格6分
1.观点明确;内容较为充实;有一定的理论基础; 2.论证较为严谨,逻辑性较强。
5.工作总结写作评分标准 篇五
1. Accurate Development
How well you select important information from the lecture.
How well you present it in relation to relevant information from the reading.
2. Organization
Write in paragraphs
Use transitions
Avoid redundancy
3. Language use
Sentence structure
Word choice
Vocabulary
Use of grammar
★ 托福综合口语常见错误
★ 托福口语常用词组
★ 托福口语 自我介绍
★ 托福口语跟读训练3个注意要点介绍
★ 托福口语如何得高分
6.工作总结写作评分标准 篇六
雅思写作大作文的出题形式和评分标准
雅思写作部分分为小作文和大作文,大家对雅思大作文的担心要多于小作文,为了帮助大家增加对雅思考试大作文的了解,下面文都国际教育就具体把大作文的出题形式和评分标准介绍一下,希望对大家备考有帮助。
雅思大作文文章字数不能少于250字,建议考生用40分钟完成。
一、雅思考试大作文出题形式
大部分的老师根据大作文题目的问题将其分为三类。第一类,问是否同意;第二类,分析优缺点表达个人意见;第三类问解决方案
1.议论式:给出一种观点——Do you agree or disagree?
Nowadays computer are widely used in education.As a result, some peoplethink teachers no longer play important roles in classrooms.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 议论式:给出两种对立的观点——Discuss both views and give your own opinions;或者分析优缺点——Doyou think the advantages/benefits outweigh its disadvantages/problems?
对立观点:Some people argue that there are no basic differences between the waymen and women approach academic study.Others insist that there are bigdifferences in areas such as organization, attitude and ambition.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.分析优缺点:Some people agree to adopt a new language(Such as English)that canbe used by people all of the world for international communication.Do you think the benefits of this would outweigh the problems?
3.Report解决方案式:
给出一种现象
1)Why?
2)Result?
3)Solution? 文都国际教育官方网站:http:///
文都国际教育官方网站:http:///
1,2或1,3:
(1, 2)Nowadays, people always throw the old things away when they buy newthings;whereas in the past, old things were repaired and used again.Whatfactors cause this phenomenon? What effects the phenomenon leads to?
(1, 3)Many species of plants and animals are dying out.What are thecauses of this trend? How can we prevent it?
二、雅思考试大作文评分标准
考官将从以下方面对作文进行评分:
?对写作任务的反应:考生能否完整地、以恰当的方式完成题目中提出的写作任务;考生的论点是否切中题目的要求、论证过程是否完整、论点是否得到了论据的支持;考生的观点是否清晰和有效;
? 连贯性和结构层次:考生能否将信息和要点进行组织(如运用分段的能力)、信息和要点之间的联系是否清晰;
? 词汇来源:考生使用的词汇是否广泛、准确、且适合这一部分写作的要求;
? 语法的多样性和准确性:考生使用的语法结构是否多样、准确、且适合这一部分写作的要求。
文章来源于文都国际教育:http://
7.工作总结写作评分标准 篇七
2014考研英语大纲变化:写作评分标准提高
新东方在线
2014考研英语(一、二)大纲于2013年9月13日星期五隆重出炉,新东方在线网络课堂考研英语名师团队在第一时间对大纲的变化进行了全面的解读,对比2013年大纲,发现2014年考研英语大纲有以下变化:
第一、大纲结构方面
以往的英语一和英语二大纲里都有答题卡1和答题卡2的描述。2014年的大纲里都删除了关于答题卡1和2的话语,由原来的试卷册和答题卡1、2变成了试卷册和1张答题卡。考生可以感受一下新版的答题卡,大家到了考场上,将面对的就是这样一个A3大卡,所有题目,选择,翻译,写作,都在上面进行。考生需要注意的是所有的必填信息不能遗漏,特别是对于“二战”的考生来说,条形码一定要看仔细,不要贴错。
第二、写作评分
去年的大纲取消了摘要写作,今年来说在写作评分标准描述有所变化。以英语一第四档,也就是小作文7-8分,大作文13-16分,合70%-75%水平的这一档,“老”大纲的层次“基本”清晰变成了新大纲的层次“比较”清晰。
第三档,也就是写作A节5-6分,写作B节9-12分,原来的内容“比较”连贯改为了内容“基本”连贯。此外,四、五档作文也提到了“词汇相当有限”属于低分作文。
这也就明确的告诉考生,在考研的写作部分,作文的层次和分差将会拉开差距,这对于惯用所谓的“万能模版”的同学更是“雪上加霜”。
第三、词汇方面
总的大纲词汇表没有调整,但是描述性有细节变化。由原来的“考生应能掌握5500个左右的词汇及相关短语(详见附录1)”改成了“考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见1、2)”。附表1即使大纲规定的词汇,而附录2则是常用的前缀和后缀,部分国家(或地区)、语言、国民及国籍表,洲名及常见缩写词。
虽然对于词汇的变动是只言片语,但内涵的影响却很大。我们对此的解读是很多大纲内的词汇加了前后缀、一些常见国家(或地区)名、甚至是一些常见缩写都是列入了考查范围之内,这些都是需要我们掌握的。这对于只是死记硬背的同学是一个很大的挑战。
但大纲也充分考虑到了英语一和英语二的差异,这些变化将出现在英语一的试卷结构上,英语二的词汇部分今年暂不发生此变动。
最后,新东方在线网络课堂考研英语名师团队祝愿2014考研人梦想成真!
8.毕业生就业工作评估评分标准 篇八
毕业生就业工作评估评分标准
一、就业工作环境与条件(10分)1.就业工作机构(2分)
(1)成立就业工作领导小组的得1分,否则不得分。(2)就业工作领导小组经常研讨就业工作,协调解决有关问题,确实发挥作用得1分。形同虚设,未起实质性作用不得分。
(要求提供领导小组名单、领导小组专题研究就业工作会议记录)
2.就业工作人员(4分)
有就业工作联络员常年负责就业工作,学院党政支持就业指导工作联络员工作,并给予一定工作量补贴。
3.就业工作设施与设备(4分)
(1)在学院网页开设就业信息专栏,有专用计算机用于就业信息网维护。(2分)
(2)就业工作信息栏(2分)
有用于发布学校、学院就业工作信息及用人单位需求本学院毕业生信息的专用信息栏,得2分,没有不得分。
二、就业工作开展状况(50分)1.规范化管理(13分)(1)计划与总结(1分)
年初有详细的工作计划,年终有系统的工作总结,每有一项得0.5分。
(2)毕业生档案与就业材料(2分)
①建立完整、详尽的可了解和查询学生基本情况的毕业生档案,得1分;没有不得分。
②就业有关资料保存完整,就业工作衔接较好,得1分;否则不得分。
(3)布置工作完成情况(5分)
主要考察平时就业工作文件、通知的落实情况,就业材料是否按时上报等。
(4)参加就业工作会议情况(5分)
召开的有关就业工作会议是否无故缺席及参会人员的发言情况(依据会议登记)。
2.就业信息(6分)
(1)主动收集就业信息(3分)
在学校提供的信息外,积极以考察走访、网上收集、电话联系、发动本学院教职员工联系等方式主动收集就业信息,积累有关企业资料。自行收集的信息超过毕业生生均3条的得3分;达到生均2条的得2分;生均1条的得1分,1条以下的不得分。
(2)就业信息发布和上报(3分)
建立信息员制度,有专人负责就业信息的搜集、发布和上报,得3分;否则不得分。
3.就业指导与教育(10分)(1)指导与教育活动(5分)
①学院应组织有全体毕业生参与的年级大会,进行就业动员与工作说明等,每组织两次得0.5分,最多得1分。
②积极邀请社会成功人士、专家等以讲演、报告会、座谈会等多种形式开展就业指导与教育活动,营造到西部、到基层、到祖国需要的地方去的就业氛围,通过教育活动引导学生树立正确的就业观,成才观。每组织三次得1分,最多为2分。
③就业指导应具有完善的内容体系,包括就业形势、就业政策、就业技巧、就业观念与态度、素质培养、职业生涯规划与设计、就业心理调适与指导、创业指导与实践、行业分析等。指导活动内容每包含3种得1分;最多为2分;达不到3种不得分。
(2)指导与教育全程化(2分)
除学校安排的就业指导教育外,就业指导与教育向低年级延伸,在学院三个以上年级中(含三个)开展有针对性的就业指导与教育的,得2分;两个(含两个)以上年级中开展就业指导与教育的,得1分;只在毕业年级开展指导教育活动的不得分。
(3)个性化指导与教育(3分)①建立毕业生接待制度(1分)
有专人进行对毕业生的咨询与服务,得1分;否则不得分。②个别咨询与指导(1分)
在集中指导外,开展对学生的个别咨询和分类指导,坚持与学生的个别谈话,了解学生就业意向和基本状况,做好思想工作。学生情况掌握准确,指导工作细致全面得1分;不掌握情况,基本没有咨询和指导,不得分。
③针对性的信息指导(1分)
能将学校提供和自行收集的就业信息中需求本学院毕业生的信息整理并向毕业生提供针对性的指导,得1分,未做到不得分。
4.促进就业的举措(6分)(1)专业教师作用的发挥(2分)
专业教师参与就业工作,进行就业指导和教育,帮助提供就业信息和积极向单位推荐毕业生。(提供教师姓名、在其帮助下就业的学生名单和单位名称)
(2)就业基地建设(2分)
积极建设与本学院专业密切相关的稳定就业基地(2010年接收学生在3人以上的用人单位)。2010年新建就业基地数为J,当J为3,得2分;当J为2,得1分;当J为1,得0.5分。
(3)校友联系情况(2分)
①经常联系校友,有校友汇编资料,得1分;否则不得分。②邀请校友回学校开展就业指导,或拜访校友,开展调研和市场拓展,得1分;否则不得分。
5.特色工作(8分)
为推动就业工作,能加强就业服务,适当组织开展诸如就业经验交流、职业技能培训、学生素质拓展、创业实践、模拟招聘等活动的,视活动内容和效果评分。
6.就业工作研究(7分)(1)就业专题研讨会(1分)
定期在学院内部开展就业专题研讨得1分;否则不得分。(2)就业工作调研与分析(4分)
积极通过座谈、问卷调查等各种形式了解学生择业心态、掌握就业意向,形成系统、深刻的分析报告,并提出解决方案和建议的,得2分;开展用人单位对学院毕业生满意度调查和毕业生对学院就业工作调查,并形成研究报告的,得2分。
(3)就业工作论文(2分)
每有1篇就业工作论文,可得0.5分;如有论文在公开刊物上发表或在论文评比中获奖,可得2分;没有论文的不得分。
三、就业工作实绩(40分)1.就业率(31分)
(1)初次就业率完成情况(截止时间为9月初,以教育厅公布数据为依据)(14分)
未完成本初次就业率目标任务,本项不得分; 完成本初次就业率目标任务,本项得14分。
(2)年终就业率完成情况(截止时间为11月底,以就业指导中心统计数据为依据)(17分)
未完成本年终就业率目标任务,本项不得分; 完成本年终就业率目标任务,本项得17分。2.就业工作实效(9分)
(1)就业政策掌握和执行情况。(2分)
严格贯彻和执行就业的有关政策和学校的就业工作实施办法,得2分;每有一次违反政策或违规操作,扣2分。
(2)到西部和基层就业学生比例(2分)
西部地区、基层就业学生占学院毕业生总数的比例为Z,当Z≥30%,得2分;20%≤Z<30%,得1分;Z<20%,不得分。
(3)派遣及文明离校工作(4分)
毕业生派遣正常、有序,离校过程中没有问题发生,得4分;在派遣和离校过程中,每出现一次问题扣2分。
(4)其他方面(1分)
9.工作总结写作评分标准 篇九
GRE作文评分比标准
GRE作文满分为6分,以0.5分为最小计分单位,作文成绩单独计算,不计入语文数学部分的总分,对于大部分学校来说,4.5分左右的作文成绩就已经是比较好的分数,部分文科类专业也可能要求更高的分数。
GRE写作Issue满分评分标准解读
In addressing the specific task directions, a 6 response presents a cogent, well-articulated examination of the argument and conveys meaning skillfully.
A typical paper in this category exhibits the following characteristics:
1.articulates a clear and insightful position on the issue in accordance with the assigned task
2.develops the position fully with compelling reasons and/or persuasive examples
3.sustains a well-focused, well-organized analysis, connecting ideas logically
4.conveys ideas fluently and precisely, using effective vocabulary and sentence variety
5.demonstrates facility with the conventions of standard written English(i.e., grammar, usage and mechanics), but may have minor errors。
标准解读 要点 1: articulates a clear and insightful position on the issue in accordance with the assigned task
关键词:insightful ,position,in accordance with
1. insightful即Data Mining(数据挖掘)。
GRE写作强调思辨,挖掘题目的核心概念十分必要。 例如GRE作文题库中有一道题目:事物的差异性重要还是相似性重要? “insightful”的分析应当是通过similarity 和 difference的现象看到背后所体现的本质--矛盾(paradox)的思想。 具体来说就是要学会观察相似事物的差异性,以及差异事物的相似性,辩证地分析事物。 因此本题真正考查的是“看待事物的方法论”, 而非简单的选择“哪一个重要”。
2. position
在GRE issue写作里,position不等于attitude,即立场不等于态度。 这又是GRE作文中对于逻辑辩证点的考查。 很多高分GRE文章都是对一个事物的利弊进行具体问题的具体分析,而非进行倾向性的态度传递,这也符合事物的基本规律,即任何事物都具有两面性。 TOEFL独立写作非常强调态度的传达,但GRE作文更强调分析事物的方法论和论证过程。
3. in accordance with
指切题(on-topic)的论述:论点、论据,论证要和题目要求一致,这个评分点和上文中insightful的要求一脉相承。 许多GRE issue题目的含义很难依赖字面意思来理解, 题目的“隐藏逻辑”和“隐藏含义”要求考生首先要准确地“审题”、思考题面背后的含义, 然后选择相关的论点和论据进行支撑。
要点 2: develops the position fully with compelling reasons and/or persuasive examples
关键词:reasons, persuasive
1. reasons=reasoning
GRE作文强调推理,并且推理的过程远重要于推理的结果。在GRE作文里,解释Why比给出What 更重要,因为考官是通过审视推理过程来判断考生的逻辑陈述能力。 因此建议考生在准备GRE作文时,应把重点放在分析推理上,而不是频频给出各类结论。
2. persuasive=relevant
在GRE作文里,考生给出的所有例证都要有说服力。要有说服力,首先要与文中的论证相关。无论例证是来自西方世界还是中国,相关的例子才是和论证匹配的内容。
要点 3: sustains a well-focused, well-organized analysis, connecting ideas logically
关键词:analysis, logically
1. analysis
GRE写作强调论述过程与分析过程,而非结论本身。
2. logically
“GRE写作的逻辑”包含形式逻辑和内容逻辑: 形式逻辑就是指文章起承转合的逻辑信号、逻辑连接词。它们连接不同的内容,使行文显得有层次。内容逻辑就是指文章含义推导过程的严密性,和我们后文即将解读的排序方式是高度相关的。
要点 4: conveys ideas fluently and precisely, using effective vocabulary and sentence variety
关键词:effective, variety
1. effective
有效的--所谓有效的词汇,是指根据语境所选择“恰当的用词”。 在GRE写作里考生不需要哗众取宠地用“大词、难词”来显示词汇量。 真正的高手能够用简单而精确的词语来阐述深刻的道理。
2. variety
用词用句的变化性能有效地体现行文语言的多样性。
要点 5: demonstrates facility with the conventions of standard written English (i.e., grammar, usage and mechanics), but may have minor errors
关键词:standard written English, may have minor errors
1. standard written English
即使用标准的书面英语。英语口语体不合适用于GRE这类准学术型的分析性写作中。 因此考生应注意标准的书面英语的语法,用词和文法。
2. may have minor errors
GRE作文允许有错误的存在。 考官认为,一篇满分的文章可以有错误,尤其是个别的拼写错误、语法错误和用词不当。这不影响一篇文章得高分。只要这篇文章准确地提炼了要点、做到了精确的对应匹配、逻辑性强、语言水平高即可。
GRE Issue写作范文详细解析
Issue
”People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does.“
Sample Essay
Teamwork as a whole can naturally produce an overall greater productivity through the concept of ”synergy“, where the total of the whole is greater than the sum of its individual parts. But the idea that people work more productively in teams rather than as individuals is going to vary greatly between the types of teams that are organized, the end reward or motivation for both the team and the individuals, as well as the individuals themselves.
Regarding individuals, some people are born with the desire to succeed, no matter what the situation or task that they are facing. These people may evolve into the classic ”Type A“ personalities that work ferociously because they are driven by an internal fire that says they must always be doing something, whether individually or as part of a team. Other people may desire to be less socially involved or are very highly competitive with other people. For these people, their work is most productive as individuals, because the very idea of cooperating with other people limits their effectiveness and efficiency because they simply do not want to be a part of the team. Whether this mindset is innate or developed over time does not matter, it is merely the state of their being and neither motivation nor rewards can generate inside them the desire to work collectively as a team.
Some people are highly motivated by social interaction and the desire to work with others towards a collective effort. Obviously these individuals are at their most productive when working as part of a team. Organizational behavioral studies have shown that Asian cultures are much more likely to develop this type of collective behavior as opposed to the more individualistic behavior associated with Western cultures. It could naturally be assumed then that there may be cultural values that can determine whether people are at their most productive individually or as part of a team.
Another variable is the end reward that is involved with the task at hand. Will the rewards be greater if the team works together towards a common goal, or are the rewards more geared toward individual performance? To the extent that the individual is motivated by the end reward, obviously his or her performance inside of a team may be more or less productive with respect to the entire team, depending on how the performance is rewarded. Individual goals may interfere with the group performance. Synergies may not be achieved because the individuals are not working towards a whole ”sum“ but rather towards an individual reward. Productivity thus will vary for each person as a team member or as an individual depending on the degree to which that person is motivated by an individual or overall team reward.
Finally, the degree of productivity of a person will depend upon the type of team that is organized. Is the group composed of equally contributing individuals? Does the group have an outstanding leader that can motivate both the individuals and the team as a whole? From a pure productivity standpoint, the presence or absence of a charismatic and exceptional leader can make all the difference whether a person would be more productive as a part of a team or as an individual. Personality types that work well together can prove to be much more productive as part of a team than as individuals, and vice versa.
Fundamentally, measures of productivity depend greatly on the individuals themselves. The dilemma facing leaders in all areas of life is how to best assess these individuals to determine how to best harness their capabilities to reach their ultimate productive capabilities. Whether a person is more productive alone or while working in concert with others is one of the great challenges that leaders and managers must face to accomplish tasks effectively and efficiently.
观点陈述型作文/[题目]
”当人们以团队的形式工作时,要比以孤军奋战的形式来得更加富有成效。团队的协同工作需要相互合作,它比个人竞争更能激励人们。“
[范文正文]
总体而言,团队的协同工作自然能通过”增效作用“(Synergy)这一理念而带来更高程度的整体生产效率,因为在这里,整体大于个体相加之总和。然则,”当人们以团队的形式工作时,要比以孤军奋战的形式来得更加富有成效“这一观念注定会产生巨大差异,取决于所组织起来的团队的类别,团队与个人所能获得的终极回报或激励,以及个人本身。
关于个人,有些人天生就具有获取成功的欲望,无论他们所面临的情形或任务是什么。这些人会演变为工作狂这一经典的”A类“人格,因为受到一股内心的热火所驱使,这股热火时刻告诉他们必须不停地”有所事事",无论是作为个人抑或是作为团队的一分子。另一些人则可能希望不必那么多地介入社会,或者他们倾向于与其他人激烈竞争。对这些人而言,作为个人,他们工作起来会最富有成效,因为由于他们根本就不想成为任何团队的一部分,与他人合作便会限制他们的效率。这一思想倾向是否与生俱有,还是随着时间的推移而形成,这都无关紧要。这仅仅只是他们的一种生存状态,无论是动机还是回报,都无法在其内心深处激发起作为一个团队集体工作的欲望。
有些人,由于社会互动以及与他人协作去实现某种集体努力的欲望,而具有极强的动机。显然,这些个人在作为团队的一部分进行工作时,他们便会处在其最富有成效的状态。组织行为学研究表明,亚洲文化更有可能形成此类集体性行为,与那种常和西方文化联系在一起的较为个人主义的行为构成对比。这样,人们自然会认为,某些文化价值观可以决定人们是否作为个人还是作为团队的一部分工作起来最富有成效。
GRE满分作文分析
题目:
Too much time, money, and energy are spent developing new and more elaborate technology. Society should instead focus on maximizing the use of existing technology for the immediate benefit of its citizens.
I must say that I reject this statement. While it is true that we need to support society as much as possible with current technology, that does not in any way mean that we should stop progressing simply because our current technology cannot handle all the problems we have brought to it. Does that mean that we should simply accept the status quo and make do? No, I don’t think so. To do so would be tantamount to adopting a fatalistic approach; I think most people would reject that.
Technology has helped, and it has hurt. Without it, we would never have our standard of living, nor quality of nutrition, expectation of a long and productive life span, and the unshakable belief that our lives can be made even better. But it has also brought us universal pollution, weapons so powerful as to be capable of rendering us extinct, and the consequent fear for our survival as species and as a planet. Technology is indeed a double-edged sword. And yet, I still have to argue in its favor, because without it, we have no hope.
Some might argue that we would be better off without technology. They might say that a return to a less technologically driven approach to life would have the benefits of reducing stress and allowing us to live simpler, happier lives, like those of our forebears. Such an idea is seductive, so much so that much of art and all of nostalgia are devoted to it. But upon closer inspection, one realizes that such a move would only return us to a life of different kinds of stress, one of false simplicity, one fraught with danger. It would be a life without antibiotics where a minor cut could prove deadly. It would be a life where childbirth is the main killer of women, and where an emergency is dealt with in terms of hours and days instead of minutes and hours; a life where there are no phones or cars or planes or central heating, no proven drug therapies to treat mental illness, no computers. Would this world really make people happy?
What we already have, we have. And since the only way to move is forward, instead of allowing ourselves to be paralyzed by fear and worry, we need to learn how to clean up the pollution we have caused, and how to deal with a world that feeds on weapons and mass destruction. Doing these things means having to move away from technology into a more difficult realm, that of diplomacy and compromise: to move from the bully stance of “I am bigger and better and I have more toys and so I win” to a place where everyone wins.
Technology is the thing that will allow people to do that. But, advanced as it is, it is still in its infancy. We have to allow it to grow up and mature in order to reap the real rewards that it can bring. And there are even greater rewards ahead of us than what the world has already experienced. When technology is pushed to the outer edge, that is where serendipitous discoveries can occur. This has been seen throughout technological advancement, but the easiest example is probably the space program which made us think, really hard, about how to do things in a different environment. It gave us telecommunications, new fabrics and international cooperation. Paramedical devices, so that people can be treated even as they are being transported to the hosptal, are a direct development of that technology. None of this would have happened in the time frame that it did if we had not pushed for technological advancement. If we had decided to “focus on maximizing the use of existing technology” instead of foolishly reaching for the stars, we would not have made those discoveries which now are the bedrock of the 21st century.
分析:
字数:651
语言:平实的语句完全没有网络流行模板的痕迹,也是许多过了6级的考生通过练习可以达到的水平。
I must say that I reject this statement.
Does that mean that we should simply accept the status quo and make do? No, I don’t think so.
Technology has helped, and it has hurt.
Technology is indeed a double-edged sword. And yet, I still have to argue in its favor, because without it, we have no hope.
……
当然,这并不意味,在GRE作文考试中,平实的语言比润色后的语言有更多的优势。从这篇作文中,我们可以得到以下两条重要信息:
1、通过记忆大量模板使语言“全副武装”、“气势汹汹”并非高分作文的必要条件,这种方式的弊端在课堂上我们已阐述过。
2、在陈述idea的过程中,体现出critical thinking才是成功的关键。我们在课堂上对critical thinking这一概念做过多次详细的解释,现在请大家一起来体会这一概念在文中的运用。
第一段:
(表明立场)I must say that I reject this statement. (让步)While it is true that we need to support society as much as possible with current technology, (折回自己立场)that does not in any way mean that we should stop progressing simply because our current technology cannot handle all the problems we have brought to it.
第二段:
(概述科技的两面性)Technology has helped, and it has hurt. (具体讨论科技的贡献)Without it, we would never have our standard of living, nor quality of nutrition, expectation of a long and productive life span, and the unshakable belief that our lives can be made even better. (具体讨论科技的危害)But it has also brought us universal pollution, weapons so powerful as to be capable of rendering us extinct, and the consequent fear for our survival as species and as a planet. Technology is indeed a double-edged sword. (表明已考虑到科技的危害,但是依然坚持自己立场)And yet, I still have to argue in its favor, because without it, we have no hope.
第三段:
(提出反方的立场)Some might argue that we would be better off without technology. They might say that a return to a less technologically driven approach to life would have the benefits of reducing stress and allowing us to live simpler, happier lives, like those of our forebears. Such an idea is seductive, so much so that much of art and all of nostalgia are devoted to it. (通过具体论据反驳反方的观点)But upon closer inspection, one realizes that such a move would only return us to a life of different kinds of stress, one of false simplicity, one fraught with danger. It would be a life without antibiotics where a minor cut could prove deadly. It would be a life where childbirth is the main killer of women, and where an emergency is dealt with in terms of hours and days instead of minutes and hours; a life where there are no phones or cars or planes or central heating, no proven drug therapies to treat mental illness, no computers. Would this world really make people happy?
第四段:
(在第三段驳论的基础上进一步立论)What we already have, we have. And since the only way to move is forward, instead of allowing ourselves to be paralyzed by fear and worry, we need to learn how to clean up the pollution we have caused, and how to deal with a world that feeds on weapons and mass destruction. Doing these things means having to move away from technology into a more difficult realm, that of diplomacy and compromise: to move from the bully stance of “I am bigger and better and I have more toys and so I win” to a place where everyone wins.
第五段:
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