高中英语语法填空解析(13篇)
1.高中英语语法填空解析 篇一
1. Don’t take the magazine away. It _____________(belong) to me.
2. I will go to see my son when he __________(finish) the training course.
3. Perhaps it will be a long time before Tom ________ from abroad .
4. Often a storm ________________(follow) by a calm.
5. If city noises ________________(keep) from increasing,people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
6. I bought this radio yesterday,but it ____________(work).
7. A friend of mine ___________(return) to his house after a holiday only to find it had been broken into.
8. When Jack arrived he _____________(learn) Mary had been away for about an hour.
9. We miss Ted a lot, for he ____________(kill) trying to save a child in earthquake.
10. Shortly after we ________(seat),a waiter came over to our table with a smile.
11. I have left the light of my office on, so I __________(go) back and turn it off.
12. The number of the guests who _____________(invite) to the wedding reaches 800.
13. Mr. Smith told us that he ______________(deliver) a speech the next week.
14. The professor asked his assistant whether his report _____________(complete) in a week.
15. I feel it is your husband who ________________(blame) for the spoiled child.
16. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______________(change) so rapidly.
17.You can’t move in right now. The house ___________________(paint).
18.Shirley ____________(write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished.
19. Henry remained silent for a moment. He _______________(think).
20. They believed that by using computers the production of their factory ________ (increase) greatly.
21. We would like to go and thank him ourselves,but we ___________(find) out his address yet.
22. I wonder why Jenny __________________(write) us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
23. My father _____________________(employ) at this job since 1990.
24.The price _______________(fall) down,but I doubt whether it will remain so.
25. How long ____________(know) each other before they got married?
26. By the end of last year,another new gymnasium ____________(complete) in Beijing.
27.The little girl cried her heart out because she _____________(lose) her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.
28. Is this the third time that you _____________(be) late?
29. He ________________(write) the composition the whole morning and he is still working.
30. He __________________(learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.
31.By this time tomorrow we _____________(repair) the machine.
32. The telephone _____________(ring) four times in the last hour,and each time it ________(be) for my roommate.
33. Helen _____________(leave) her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________(come) home.
34. John and I ________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ________ each other a couple of times before that.
35.His eyes __________(shine) brightly when he finally received the award he _____________(expect).
36. I _______________(think) the room to be empty but found it occupied.
37.Visitors ______________ (request) not to touch the exhibits.
38.They _____________(catch) a snowstorm on their way home.
39. I was wondering if you ________ tell me how to fill out this form.
40.Good care ________ be taken of babies particularly while they are ill.
答案:
Keys: I. 1. belongs 2. finishes 3. comes 4. is followed 5. are not kept 6. doesn’t work
7. returned 8. learned 9. was killed 10. were seated 11. will go 12. will be invited
13. would deliver 14. would be completed 15. is to blame 16 .is changing
17. is being painted 18. was writing 19. was thinking 20. .would be increased
21. haven’t found 22. hasn’t written 23.has been employed 24. has fallen down
25. had they known 26. had been completed 27. had lost 28. .have been
29. has been writing 30. will have learned 31. shall/will have repaired 32. has rung; was 33. had left; came 34. have been; had seen 35. shone; has long expected 36. had thought
37. are requested 38.were caught in 39. could 40. must
2.高中英语语法填空解析 篇二
语法填空对于全国卷来说是一个崭新的题型, 但是对于全国其他的许多省市来说语法填空已经在考卷中出现若干年的时间了。虽然考生们都在积极地应对语法填空。但是考生在这一项上还是很容易失分。因此, 熟悉其题型特点, 并合理运用解题策略, 解题技巧来提高测试题型分数是很有必要的。笔者根据分析归纳, 从题型特点, 解题方式和训练方法等角度总结了如下内容:
1 试题特点
语法填空这种新题型既具备了单项填空的考查学生基础知识的特点又具备了完型填空需读懂文意才能正确答题特点。可以说是单项填空和完型填空的结合与提升。此题的难度是要比单纯的选择答案高出很多的, 因此在对学生平时的思维培养练习上就有很高的要求。语法填空侧重考查语言知识在具体语篇中的意义, 不仅能够考查学生在词汇, 语法和句型方面的知识, 并且能够强调学生在语言学习方面的语言交际功能。其“突出语篇, 强调运用”的命题思路充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则, 也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念。相较语法选择题, 语法填空没有可供排除的选项, 需要考生有更扎实的语法基础, 考生很容易出现失误, 因而难度加大。
2 解题方法
2.1 解题步骤
学生在做语法填空题目时, 首先要通篇阅读, 掌握文章的主旨大意和大概内容, 其次应该合理地运用已学的语法和语篇理解知识来得出正确的结构。这种题型是有规律可寻的。从设置填空的特点上看, 可将空白处分为两类:一类是自由式填空, 主要考查冠词, 代词, 介词, 连词, 情态动词, 逻辑关系及固定搭配等。另一类是提示性填空, 主要考查动词的时态, 语态, 非谓语动词形式, 词性转换及比较级等。填空的答案可能并不是唯一的, 只要符合语法, 意思准确就都是正确答案。针对此现象, 学生在答题时, 要努力做到如下几点:
(1) 通读全文, 理解大意。学生要能够迅速地浏览全文, 了解文章的主旨大意, 特别是文章的首尾句, 为填空做好充分准备, “语意”决定着空白处应该填什么意思的词语和填词所要采取的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中, 为了更好地把握文章大意, 就要弄清楚文章的体裁, 中心思想, 写作主线, 段落大意, 段落层次等。通常首句都是介绍文章主旨的句子, 尾句是表明自己观点的句子。其次, 要注意关键词, 特别是关于时间, 地点, 人物, 事件的起因, 经过, 结果的句子;除此之外, 学生还要从文章的逻辑结构, 上下文联系中挖掘作者的观点和态度。
(2) 尝试填空, 突破难点。在通读全文, 基本把握文章大意的基础上对空白处进行填空。填空时要结合短文所提供的特定的语境 (也就是上下文) , 运用语法知识仔细分析句子结构和语意, 从句子结构的方面, 从语法方面去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性, 然后再根据句子的意义, 以及句与句之间的逻辑关系来确定具体所填单词的正确形式。在解题过程中, 可先按照语意填写处较容易的词语, 稍有难度的题目可以在大部分空格填好后, 再仔细推敲, 确定要填词的正确形式。
(3) 重读全文, 排除误漏。空格全被填好之后, 要把整篇文章从头至尾再读一遍。在阅读的过程中去体会文章的流畅性, 与此同时检查和改正其中的错误。
2.2 应考技巧
(1) 明确考查要求。针对语法填空这个新题型, 首先要分析题型特点和命题思路, 了解题目的考点范围及设题角度, 有针对性的对考查重点和难点进行训练突破。
(2) 进行强化训练。以前没有接触过这个题型, 要想轻松应对夺取高分, 一定要进行强化训练, 在训练中体会解题的思路和提升解题的技能。
(3) 具体解题思路。 (1) 熟悉语境。填写前一定要弄清楚所给语境, 并结合上下文理解语境。 (2) 对于自由式填空常考查的连词, 介词, 关系代词, 关系副词不仅要牢记它们的意思, 更要熟记它们的语法功能, 确保在考试时能准确的填入空白处。 (3) 对于提示性填空的动词, 要注意其形式的可能变化, 分析好谓语和非谓语的关系和所填空的依据。 (4) 对于长难句子, 要充分的分析其结构, 使句意更加的简短明确。 (5) 对于所给名词, 形容词, 副词, 不仅要背诵其意义和准确拼写, 还要掌握其形式的变换。
摘要:2014年新课标高考全国卷英语考试的题型进行了重大的改革, 将考了数十年的单项填空选择这一客观题换成了语篇型语法填空这种主观题型, 其作为语言知识运用部分的题目要求如下:共10小题, 每小题1.5分。题型以对话和小短文为主, 文章或对话的字数大概200左右, 在语言材料中会有10处空白, 一部分空白会在括号中给出单词的基本形式, 一部分则要求考生根据上下文的语意和语法知识在空白处填写上正确的单词。这种改革对于英语学习本身来说更侧重了其语言的实际应用功能, 在语篇的环境中设立问题要比单纯的考查某个语法项目更加能测试出被试者的语言感知能力, 语言分析能力和语用能力。面对题型的变化, 明确题型的特点和解题策略显得格外重要。
关键词:语法填空,题型特点,解题策略
参考文献
[1]鹿坤.恩波教育——高考英语[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆青少年出版社, 2014, (2) .
3.高中英语语法填空十三招 篇三
一、已给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的形、数、式的变化,一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,看是否需要使用复合的变化形式,这一点是很重要的。
技巧一:名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例1:There are many students living at school, the ____(child) houses are all far from school.
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格childrens。
技巧二:动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例2: A talk ____(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
技巧三:代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one/none、other/another等。
例3:The king decided to see the painter by ____(he).
由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。
技巧四:形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式,或通过加后缀?鄄er和?鄄est,或在词前加more/less和most/least,且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。
例4:I am ____(tall) than Liu Wen. He is the tallest stu?鄄dents in my class.
此题后句交代了Liu Wen 是班上最高的学生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
技巧五:数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词,或加后缀?鄄teen、?鄄ty的变化,甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式,以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。
例5:To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall take a ____(three)...
从上下文连续起来理解,这是一个分马的计划,大儿子分得a half,也就是“一半”或“二分之一”,那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”,所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
技巧六:词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的,派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例6:Lious lost his wallet yesterday, so he was very ____(happiness).
在这道题中,学生很容易判断出该用形容词,由此可知将happiness还原成词根happy;钱包丢了,人应该是不开心的,所以要再加个前缀un?鄄,就成了unhappy。
二、未给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题难度较大,但也是有方法对付的。
技巧七:固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语,但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例7:The children were playing on the ground, enjoying ____, dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的,所以应用enjoy oneself短语,故其答案为themselves。
例8:His boss was ____ angry as to fire him.
如果“跳过”横线后面的angry,就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to,所以,so是正解。
技巧八:从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向,主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例9:He did not done ____ his father had asked him to do.
审题可知,横线所在为宾语从句的引导词,此引导词在从句中充当宾语,且指物,所以是what。
例10:Those ____ want to go to the village must sign here.
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词,进一步观察可知先行词为those,且指人,所以只能填入who。
技巧九:短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语,此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例11:The US consists ____ fifty states.
根据常识可知,美国由50个州组成,故横线处与前一词组合,表示“由……组成”,所以答案是of。
例12:Mrs Baker was ill, so her daughter had to ask for leave to take ____ of her.
生病需要人照顾,所以答案是care,与前后词构成take care of。
技巧十:短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语,如:except for,due to等。
例13:Mr Smith took a plane to London ____ of taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具,所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思,故答案为instead,以构成介词短语instead of。
例14:Just then, he saw a blackboard in ____ of him.
细心观察,可以看出填入front即可构成in front of,此题得解。
技巧十一:连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and,or,but,so,for,while等,常用的关联短语有both...and,ei?鄄ther...or,neither...nor,not only...but also等。
例15:Little Wang Jun could not go to school, ____ his family was too poor.
此处表示原因,引导的分句其实是一种解释说明,不是必然的因果关系,且前面有逗号隔开,所以填for。
例16:____ Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.
横线处的词与后面可以构成both...and,故答案为Both。
技巧十二:冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a,an,the之间判断;常用的介词有in,at,on,before,during等,通常考查固定搭配;副词的量还是比较多,如:howev?鄄er,never,yet,much等,但一般不会考查?鄄ly形式的方式副词(见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况)。
例17:Jackie likes to drive at ____ high speed.
这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法,答案为a,构成at a high speed,“以高速”开车。
例18:Old Toms grand?鄄daughter used to visit him ____ Saturday afternoon.
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午,所以不用介词in,而用on才是正解。
例19:Though Liu Qiang did the same work ____ Zhang Wen did, he got a lower pay ____ Zhang Wen.
第一条横线可由前面的the same判断出用as,第二条横线则可由lower判断出比较意义,故答案为than。
例20:It was only one day left, ____, his father had no idea to answer him.
观察上下句,可以看出是转折关系,且横线与前后用逗号隔开,排除but,所以答案是however。
技巧十三:上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的,但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识,填入某个已出现的词,或其反义词,或其同类的某个词。
答案的线索可能在本句,可能出现在上下相连的一句,还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句,则线索可能在上下段的首句;如果横线出现在某段的末句,则线索可能在上下段的末句,以此类推。
例21:Tony ____ travelling abroad, but dislikes staying home watching TV.
由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断,此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。
语法填空作为一种新颖的题型,能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向,在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用,真正做到事半功倍,较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。
4.高中英语语法填空技巧 篇四
名词的考察形式主要是单复数以及所有格变化,这些都是名词最基本的的形式变化。根据前后文,保证整体形式一致。
填动词
动词的考察点很多,有谓语的形式(时态、语态、语气),非谓语的形式(动名词、现在分词、不定式、过去分词)。很多同学在动词这块容易犯错。要通过对句子的分析,看空格处的动词是做谓语还是非谓语,再判断用形式变化。
填代词
代词有人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词和名词性)以及反身代词,还有一点就是注意几个不定代词的形式变化(noone/none、otheranother等)。代词形式变化需要联系句子意思或者是文章整体考虑。
填数次
数次考察后缀(加teen,ty)、基数词、序数词,有时候还需考虑序数词的单复数形式(用作分母的时候),填数词的时候要注意细节,把握文章整体。
固定短语
固定短语的考察是分析空格所在的整个句子,填固定短语。填的时候一定要充分考虑全句,看是否合理,不能只看空格前后的单词,能构成固定短语就立马填上。
介词、冠词、副词
常用的介词有in、at、on、before、during等,一般都是考的固定搭配,所以同学们平时背单词的时候多注意一下固定搭配。
常用的冠词有a、an、the,冠词比较容易判断。
副词比较多,比如however、yet、much等。
5.英语语法填空 篇五
Without proper planning, tourism can cause 1.__________. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places 2.__________are also enjoyed by the inhabitants(居民)of a country. If tourism create too much traffic, the inhabitants will become 3.__________(annoy)and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists 4.__________to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy 5.__________is important to think about the people of a destination country and
6.__________tourism affects them. Tourism should help 7.__________country keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and 8.__________(happy)of local inhabitants.
Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism 9.__________(grow)too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work 10.__________the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.
(8)
London was awarded 1.__________ Olympic Games on Wednesday, 2.__________(defeat)European rival Paris in the final round of voting to take the games back to British capital
3.__________the first time since 1948.
4.__________Moscow, New York and Madrid were eliminated (淘汰)in the first three rounds
London beat Paris 54—50 on the fourth ballot(投票表决)of the IOC.
In London crowds cheered and waved flags as 5.__________watched the announcement from Singapore 6.__________a giant screen in Trafalgar Square and in the east London area
7.__________the main Olympic complex (建筑群)will be based.
Blair spent two days in lobbying(游说)in Singapore 8.__________leaving to host the G8 summit (8国峰会)in Scotland. “My promise to you is we will be your very 9.__________ (good)partners,” Blair said.
It’s the fourth bid (申办)from Britain after 10.__________(fail)attempts by Birmingham for the 1992 Olympics and Manchester for the and .
答案:
(1)1. reported 2. richest/wealthiest 3. by 4. when 5. by
6. However 7. younger 8. Both 9. acting 10. the
(2)1. had been stolen 2. at 3. back 4. amazement 5. and
6. hospital 7.for 8. the 9. that 10. another
(3)1. living 2. languages 3. or 4. all 5. Before 6. bigger
7. written 8. a 9. up 10. most
(4)1. because 2. and 3. work 4. dangerous 5. too 6. Have
7. the 8. with 9. second 10. there
(5)1. An 2. without 3. wife 4. when/while 5. too
6. was painting 7. after 8. Both 9. nothing 10. angrily
(6)1. from 2. strangers 3. Instead 4. that/which 5. including
6. and 7. regularly 8. answers 9. others 10. training
(7)1. problems 2. that/which 3. annoyed 4. and 5. It 6. how
7. a 8. happiness 9. grows 10. in
(8)1. the 2. defeating 3. for 4. After 5. they 6. on
7. where 8. before 9. best 10 failed
看过英语语法填空的相关知识的人还看了:
1.高考英语语法填空解题技巧
2.高中英语语法填空方法
3.高考英语语法填空方法
4.高中英语语法填空技巧
6.高中英语语法填空13招 篇六
一、解题思路
先对题干进行详细阅读,检查题目中是否有提示词语存在;而后判断出所填词语在句子中所充当的句子成分,例如,主语、谓语等;最后根据其所充当的句子成分,加之其所处句子的语态等,选择词语的正确形式,例如,动词的现在分词或者过去分词,或者形容词的比较或者最高级的使用等。
在句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在时,要根据句子中所填词语的位置,判断所填词语的词性,例如,连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前,起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词则分为形容词性物主代词、名词性代词、指示代词和不定代词等。在运用介词的时候,往往考查介词的固定搭配,其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。
二、解题技巧
第一种:无提示词
无提示考点一:(代词主格)
_____ met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.
要填的是句子的主语,主语通常由名词或代词充当,如果没有任何提示,不可能填名词,只能根据上下文的内容填代词。
代词通常要看“空”之前的部分。比如:The boy likes football. ____ often plays football after school. 根据上下文的意思,要填的代词只能指代“空”前面的the boy,所以此空填He。但代词中有一个特例“it”。it既可以向前指代,也可以向后指代,如果“空”后面有be + 名词或形容词 + to do或that从句的时候,那么这个“空”基本就是填it了。例如:_____ is easy to finish the homework. 或_____ is a good choice that you decide to go there.这两道题都填it。
【小结】句首是“空”,“空”后面紧跟谓语动词,那么此“空”考察代词主格。
无提示考点二:(代词宾格)
Tom is my friend. I met _____ in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.
和考点一类似,重复的不再说,基本也是要填代词的,但不同之处在于:此处的宾语要用宾格形式。此题met是及物动词所以后面直接填宾语,并填代词的宾格:him,而不是he。如果句子里的谓语动词是不及物动词,那么不及物动词后面还要加上介词之后才能加上宾语,例如:I live with ____. 这里的“空”也只能填代词,如果要填he,那么同样要采用宾格形式:him。另外,关于it的那个特殊用法在宾语部分体现的是: _____ + 形容词或名词 + to do或that从句。例如:The method can make ___ easy to finish the homework. 或 We all consider ____ a good choice that you decide to go there. 这两道题都填it。
【小结】如果“空”前是动词(都是及物动词)或者介词,那么“空”考察代词宾格。
无提示考点三:(冠词)
I met him in _____ shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.
此题中的shop是可数名词,可数名词是禁止裸奔的。所谓不能裸奔就是不能既没有冠词,也不能没有复数形式,要写成a shop, 或one shop, 或shops, 或two shops或the shop等等,绝对不能只写成shop。只有不可数名词才有资格裸奔,比如water,但不可数名词只能加定冠词the修饰,不能用不定冠词a或an。所以,如果“空”后面是裸奔的可数名词,那么一定是填冠词的,而且大多数情况是填不定冠词a或an。例如:I met ___ boy on the street. 这里要填a。另外,如果这个裸奔的可数名词在上句出现过,这时候才可能填定冠词the(再次提到,表示特指)。例如:I met a boy on the street. ____ boy is waiting for a taxi. 这时候boy再次出现,表示特指,所以填the。不可数名词很少被考到,因为很局限,前面只能填定冠词the。
【小结】如果“空”后是裸奔的可数名词,必填a或an。如果“空”后面的名词在上一句重复出现,必填the。
无提示考点四:(介词)
I met him ____ a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.
当一个“空”后面紧跟完整的名词(不裸奔的名词),同时名词后面没有紧跟谓语动词,那么此“空”只能填介词。比如此题中,“空”后面是完整的名词a shop(包含冠词的名词,没有裸奔,很完整),同时名词shop后面又没有紧跟谓语动词,这明显是要填介词的节奏。这个时候就要熟悉各种介词的本质含义,以及介词的一些固定搭配。此题比较简单,根据语境,填in,表示在…里面。
【小结】如果“空”后名词不裸奔,同时名词后又不紧跟谓语动词,那么此“空”必定填介词。
无提示考点五:(定语从句连词)
I met him in a shop _____ sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.
如果童鞋们不懂定语从句,那么我们可以固定记一下格式:
“空”前是名词,“空”后是动词或者主谓结构并缺少宾语,那么就要填who或which。
“空”前面的名词是人,就填who,“空”前面的名词是物,就填which。
例如:I like the book ____ makes me laugh. 此句“空”前面是名词book,“空”后面是动词makes,符合定语从句特征,因为“空”前面是book,所以填which。再例如:I like the person ____ you hate. 此句“空”前面是名词person,“空”后面是you hate主谓结构,而且是缺少宾语的(缺少憎恨的对象,如果是完整写法,应该是类似I hate him这样的主谓宾结构),也符合定语从句的特征,因为“空”前面是person,所以填who。定语从句有时候还会考察where和when,以后还会细讲,基础篇部分只需要记住最常考的which和who。
【小结】如果“空”前是名词,“空”后是动词或者主谓结构并缺少宾语,那么就要填who或which。如果“空”前面的名词是人,就填who;如果“空”前面的名词是物,就填which。
无提示考点六:(名词性从句连词)
I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing _____ I like.
“空”的前面不是名词,并且“空”的后面是动词或主谓结构并缺少宾语(此考点和之前的考点五非常相似,区别在于“空”的前面是否是名词),那么就要填what或who,如果“空”后面的句子里缺少的是物,就填what,如果缺少的是人就填who。
例如:____ appears on TV is very valuable. 此句开头就是“空”,所以“空”的前面不是名词,而且“空”的后面是动词,所以要填what或who。根据语境,“有价值的”应该是形容物的,所以最终填what。再例如:I don’t like _____ he does. 此句的“空”前面是动词like,所以也符合“不是名词”的特征,而且“空”的后面是主谓结构he does,其中does是“做”的意思,是及物动词,后面缺少宾语,所以要填what或who。根据语境,能被做的,应该是物,所以最终填what。另外,“主谓结构并缺少宾语”有两种情况。第一种是及物动词后缺少宾语,刚才的例句就是这种情况。第二种是介词后缺少宾语,例如:I don’t like ____ he sticks to. “空”的后面是he sticks (他坚持)这样的主谓结构,并且介词to后面缺少宾语,所以也要填what. 我举的例子都是what,因为考试中what的几率大于who。
【小结】如果“空”的前面不是名词,而且“空”的后面是动词或主谓结构并缺少宾语(及物动词或介词后面缺少宾语),那么就要填what或who,不会区分就选what。
无提示考点七:(状语从句连词和and, but)
I met him in a shop which sells fruit _____ I was seeing what I like.
“空”在开头,后面紧挨着由逗号隔开的两句话,或者“空”在中间,前后各有一句话,那么填连词(状语从句连词)。例如:_____ you work hard, you may still lose the job. 此句属于“空”在开头,后面紧挨着由逗号隔开的两句话,根据这两句话的逻辑关系应该填Although或Though. 再例如:I drove very fast _____ I don’t want to be late. 此句属于“空”在中间,前后各有一句话的情况,也是填连词,根据两句话的逻辑关系应该填because。
【小结】如果“空”后面有两句由逗号隔开的两句话,或者“空”前后各有一句话,那么要填状语从句的连词(表达两句话的逻辑关系)。
热点考词:when (当…时候), because (因为), although (尽管), so (所以), so that (目的是或结果是), that (句子中有so, 和要填的“that”构成so…that…的结构,翻译成:如此…以致于…), but (前后是转折关系), and (前后是顺承或递进关系)。
第二种:有提示词
有提示考点一:(时态)
如果提示词是个动词,而“空”所在的句子又没有其它谓语动词,那么就要填提示词的正确时态了。如果“空”所在句子表达的是一般现在时的概念,那么就是要填提示词的单数第三人称形式,一般就是结尾加s。
例如:He often ___ (play) football.
这里就填plays。还有一种比较常考的就是一般过去时,因为正常情况下文章肯定是讲过去发生的事情,所以如果童鞋们区分不出别的时态的话,那就赌一把啦,填提示词的过去式,普通的是结尾加ed,但很有可能会考特殊的动词过去式,所以抓紧背下你们教材后面的不规则动词表吧。
【小结】提示词是句子的谓语动词,那么考察的是时态,首选过去时,如果主语是单数第三人称,并能明显看出提示词所在的句子表达的是一般现在时,那么填提示词结尾加s的形式。
有提示考点二:(非谓语)
非谓语在单项选择里考会很难,但在语法填空里考,却成了比较简单的考点。如果“空”所在的句子已经有了谓语动词,而且提示词是动词,那么这时候考察的是非谓语动词形式。
如果你实在不会非谓语,那就用此办法:“空”后面紧跟名词,填ing形式,反之填ed形式。
例如:He sits in the classroom, ____ (read) a book.
此题中的“空”所在句子有谓语sit,并且“空”后面紧跟名词a book,所以直接填reading。
再例如:He stands in the classroom, _____ (punish) for his mistakes.
此题中的“空”所在句子有谓语stand,并且“空”后面不紧跟名词,所以直接填punished。
【小结】如果“空”所在句子已经有谓语动词,而且“空”的提示词是动词,那么就看“空”后面紧跟的是否是名词(从句也可),如果紧跟名词,那么就填动词的ing形式,如果不紧跟名词,那么就填动词的ed形式。
有提示考点三:(词性转换)
如果提示词是名词、形容词、动词(不考察时态或非谓语的时候),那么考察的是词性转换:名词转换成形容词、形容词转换成副词、动词转换成名词。这个变化比较复杂,在基础篇里不讲,如果只想看个基础篇就杀向高考的学沫们,这个考点就看你们的造化了。
不过还是先给你们举几个典型例子。
例1:I want a _____ (reason) explanation.
此题填reasonable, 考察名词转换成形容词(形容词修饰名词explanation)。
例2:He lives _____ (comfortable) in the big house.
此题填comfortably, 考察形容词转换成副词(副词修饰动词live)。
例3:I understand your ____ (choose).
此题填choice, 考察动词转换成名词(名词在句子中做主语或宾语)。
7.高三英语语法填空题的几个易错点 篇七
一、在平时的学习中学生已经基本掌握了没有提示词的填空题应该考虑冠词、连词、代词、介词。
但是在复习中却遇见了这样的一些语法填空题。
(2015辽宁省五校协作体上学期期中考试)She doesn’t believe that she deserves the award but considers it an encouragement to continue her campaign and to know that she isn’t_______.联系上下文,此题填alone,是个形容词。学生很困惑,但是又没有其他适合答案入选。
(2015青岛高三上学期期末考试)M:Yes,so his teacher says.He’s been working very hard at his books every evening for months on end recently.He is hoping to______Harward U-niversity.此题填go to.学生大多想不填此空。根据语意,还是填go to语意完整。
二、在用括号里所给的词填空题中,一般考查谓语动词的时态语态、非谓语动词、形容词副词的比较级最高级以及词类之间的转换。
学生的易错点是怎样判断谓语动词和非谓语动词,尤其是当过去式和过去分词为同型时。
(2015衡水中学第四次联考)To his surprise,the tree____(decorate)with hundreds of white ribbons____danced in the wind.此题容易把第一空当作过去分词,但是由于danced前有空不能当作谓语动词,所以此处应该是谓语,由于存在被动关系,所以用被动语态was decorated.第二空是定语从句。这样整个句子就通顺了。要是此题没有第二空则可以在第一空填过去分词,把danced当作谓语动词。
(2015哈尔滨第六中学期中考试)But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that_____(threat)the only home they know.此空最佳答案是is threatening.错误的原因有两个:
其一是容易用一般现在时threatens,其二是把threat当作动词,即使用对了进行时也写成了is threating。
8.浅谈高中英语语法填空教学心得 篇八
关键词:语法填空;题型分析;做题技巧
中图分类号:G63 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1673-9132(2016)23-0160-02
DOI:10.16657/j.cnki.issn1673-9132.2016.23.101
自山东省在2015年英语高考采用全国卷后,语法填空就成为了山东考生面临的一个新的考试题型。这种题型一般是一篇200字左右的文章,共10小题,每小题1.5分,在文章中给出10个空,有的是让用括号内单词的适当形式填空,有的是在空白处填入适当的单词。这种涉及面广的新题型曾经让学生不知所措,很多学生在刚开始接触这一题型时,不知做题技巧,不会解题思路,往往得分很低。为解决这一困境,我对本班的学生进行了有针对性的指导和训练,取得了很好的成绩。根据语法填空的出题特点,我把语法填空分为有提示词和没有提示词两大部分。
一、有提示词
有提示词的一般会涉及动词、名词、形容词、代词、数词等。
(一)动词
1.若提示单词在句中做谓语,就应该考虑它的时态和语态。
(2015 全国新课标1) It was raining lightly when I __61__(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
考查时态。本句考查be doing… when…结构。由was raining 可知时间为过去,因此应该填arrive 的过去式arrived
(2014 广东) …, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We __3__(tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week.
有句意可知我们是“被告知”,由上下文的时态可知应该用一般过去式的被动语态。
2.若提示单词在句中不做谓语,就应该考虑它的非谓语形式:doing, done, to do
(2012 广东) He suddendly appeared in class one day, __1__(wear) sun glasses.
有前面的逗号可知这里不是并列的谓语,应该是分词短语做伴随状语。因为逻辑主语he与wear是主动关系 ,故用现在分词wearing.
(2015 全国新课标2) …, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __66__(cool) the house during the hot day;
考查非谓语动词。为“adj + enough + to do sth”结构,故此处应该填to cool.
(2015 全国新课标1) A study of travelers __68__(conduct) by the website Trip Advise names Yangshuo as one of the top destinations in the world.
考查非谓语动词。通过分析句子结构可知,句子中的谓语动词是name , 此处应该填写非谓语动词的适当形式。study与conduct 之间为被动关系,且有本句中的by可知,此处用动词的过去分词在句中作后置定语。
(2015全国新课标1) …, says it regularly arranges quick gateways here for people __70__(live) in Shangai and Hong Kong.
考查非谓语动词。people 与live 为逻辑上的主动关系,此处应该用现在分词作后置定语,表示“住在上海和香港的人”。
3.词性间的转换。
(二)名词
1.名词的数。
(2014全国新课标1)…the __69____(change) are gradul and require a lot of effort and work.
此处需填名词作主语,有后面的谓语动词are可知应用复数形式,故填changes.
2.词性间的转换。名词可以跟形容词、动词、副词之间相互转换;还可以加上表示否定意义的前后缀。
(2013 广东) That would be a very ___4____(reason) thing to do in a big city.
在大城市里那样做是一件明智的事情。此处需要填一个形容词来修饰thing。
二、没有提示词
没有提示词的通常包含连词、冠词、介词、副词、从句的引导词、代词、特殊句式等。
(一)连词
通过对句子结构的分析来确定合适的连词。如and, or, but 等
(2014.广东)…, our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, ____ for the week after.
根据上下句意,意为“不是为那个星期订的,而是为后一个星期所订的。”为“not…but…”结构。
(2014 全国新课标2) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _62_____some of them looked very anxious.
从结构上分析,这两句话之间缺少连词,并且是表示并列关系的,因此用and.
(2014 全国新课标1) But the river wasnt changed in a few days ___64___even a few months.
两个句子之间没有连词,且为选择关系,因此用or.
(二)冠词
1.不定冠词。
(2013 广东) In the beginning, there was only __9__ very small amount of unfairness in the world.
A small amount of 少量的,固定搭配。
2.定冠词。
…, it was probably the face that she sat in __4___ last row .
in the last row 指最后一排。此处表特指。
(2015 全国新课标2)The adobe dwellings built by the Puoblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __62___most modern of architects and engineers.
考查冠词,所填词修饰形容词的最高级most modern ,故用定冠词the.
总之,做语法填空题需要慢慢积累和总结。“冰冻三尺,非一日之寒”,只要学生们认真打好基础,善于总结,善于发现规律,会活学活用,相信语法填空将会成为他们新的得分点。以上仅仅是笔者个人的一点拙见,不足之处请广大同仁多多赐教。
9.英语语法填空解题技巧 篇九
[例1] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue
eyes.
[例2] In a __________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…
[例3] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students __________ (interest) in
the subject.
技巧1:作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。
[例4] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ______________ (achieve) are
mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
[例5] „instructors expect students to be familiar with _______________ (inform) in the
reading„
技巧2:作主语,或在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式。
[例6] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve
a certain amount of activity.
技巧3:在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后,用名词形式。
[例7] As I looked …
[例(serious) wrong with our society.
[例9]Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet (main) because their busy
lifestyles leave them little time„
技巧4:修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。
[例10] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important
thing to know is: no knowledge is ________ (use).
[例11] Your mistake caused a lot of ___________ (necessary) work in the office.
技巧5:词义转换题。词类不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需根据
句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un-, im-,il-, ir-,in-, non-, dis-等,在词根后加-less
等。
[例12]„there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist[35]__________
(attract)…
[例13]The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could„He jumped even [36]____ (hard) and finally made himself out.
技巧6:括号中所给词为动词时,也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词,有可能考词类转换;若是形容词或副词,有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
词类转化题巩固练习
1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said [36]___________(rude).
2.One of the [33]________ (bad) gift choices I had ever made was for my high school English
teacher„
3.[39]____________ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just only 10 minutes left ...!
4.It was his [32]______ (nine) year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins,
so I was angry.
5.As far as I am concerned, my [37]____________ (suggest) is that we should always have a
notebook.
6.It would be ___________ (believe) that such an honest man should have betrayed his
friends.
解题四步
提示:四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据.每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其
实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据
通读全文,理解大意
分析句子,确定词性
根据语义, 确定词形
10.高三英语语法填空技巧 篇十
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。这是最简单也是最基本的形式变化,只要注意整体形式的一致性。
例:There are many students living at school,the(child) houses are all far from schoo1.
11.高中英语语法填空解析 篇十一
[关键词]高考语法填空题型教学
[中图分类号]G633.41[文献标识码]A[文章编号]16746058(2015)100072
2014年甘肃省英语高考题型有了重大调整,取消了原来的15道单选题,新增了10道语法填空题。但从2014年高考反应来看,由于将语法放到语篇中考查,不少学生难以适应这种新题型。在教学中,我们也发现,语法填空的得分率都比较低,不少学生对这种题型感到无所适从。那么如何加强高考英语新题型“语法填空”题的教学,提高学生的解题能力就成为摆在我们教师面前的一道难题了。笔者经过一年多的教学尝试,从下面几个方面着手去试图解决这一难题,现和各位同仁进行探讨。
一、注重研究新题型,确保教学有的放矢
语法填空题旨在考查学生理解语篇的能力和分析句子结构的能力,在此基础上,考查学生熟练运用语法的能力。语法填空题要求考生在10分钟内阅读一篇大约200个词的短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在10道语法填空题的每个空格处填一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 其命题形式分为括号提示和纯空格两种。括号提示题侧重考查词法(动词时态、语态、祈使语气、虚拟语气及非谓语动词),包括构词法(名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的词形转换及前后缀所引起的词义变化);纯空格题侧重考查根据上下文行文逻辑和前后照应关系选择功能词(介词、代词、冠词等)及复合句中的连词。教师只有通过深入研究高考语法填空试题的命题规律,正确认识其特点、考点和难点,才能落实好课堂教学。
二、抓好基础知识教学,夯实学生基础
1.抓好词汇教学
教学中要加强考查,督促学生熟练记忆词汇、短语和一些固定搭配的用法。语法填空题要求考生填入单词,所以考生对基础词汇的拼写和词性转换必须重视。对于常用的、易错的词要多下工夫记忆。另外,语法填空题也常考查考生对习语、惯用法和典型句式掌握的熟练程度,所以要求考生在平时复习的过程中要注意积累习语、短语,对固定搭配要了然于心,对典型句式能够脱口而出。
2. 抓好语法教学
在教学中教师应合理安排好语法课,依据第一轮复习的语法专题讲解,逐一引导学生巩固所学语法知识,做到各个击破。如谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词及词性转换、介词、连词、代词、冠词、从句引导词、情态动词、强调动词,等等。同时教师还要注重对学生进行英语句子知识的教学和句子结构分析能力的培养,帮助学生了解句子成分、句子结构、句子类型,让学生知道在什么时候该用什么词性的单词充当特定的句子成分,学会分析句子结构,尤其是长句、难句、复杂句。
三、抓好专题训练
教师要选择好语法填空训练题,并在平常的教学中尽量多地训练学生做这种题型,保证每天1-2篇,使学生从心理上不再惧怕此类题型,冷静分析,提高准确率。必要时可充分利用课本教材,改写成Summary并设置成自由填空题和提示性填空题,让学生进行语法填空强化训练。
四、抓好学生语感的培养
语感也有助于学生对这一题型的解答。因此,教师在平时的教学中,应注重加强对学生语感的培养。朗读尤其有助于提高学生对语言的感受能力,所以在早读或晚读时间,教师应要求学生对教材上的课文或一轮复习资料上的优美短文进行朗读或背诵,强化学生的语感。
五、抓好解题技巧的指导
解题技巧可以帮助学生在较短的时间里更有效地答题。教师在注重夯实学生的基础之外,还应抓好对学生的解题技巧指导。针对语法填空这一题型,教师要做好讲解与点评,引导学生通过做题和老师的讲解去总结、归纳,从中找出规律,悟出方法。要严格要求学生按照先浏览全文、把握语篇,再边读边填、先易后难,最后验证复查、清除难点这一正确解题步骤去做,并形成一种习惯。
总之,针对语法填空这一高考新题型,只要我们注重去研究它的命题规律,正确认识其特点、考点和难点,抓好平时的教学和训练,指导好解题方法,就能提高学生对这一题型的解题能力。
12.高中英语语法填空解析 篇十二
一、解读考试大纲对语法的要求
2014年全国新课标英语考试大纲涉及24个语法项目, 在语法填空这一题里绝大多数都有体现, 笔者将在下面的命题规律中列出。
二、命题规律
(一) 语篇
语篇选材均以200字左右的对话体或记叙文短文两种题材为主, 分为给提示词和不给提示词两类。所用文章简单易懂, 句子结构并不复杂。开头不设空, 全文共设10个空白。一旦给出提示词, 则形式灵活多变, 对全篇有较大的决定性作用, 因此, 也涉及对篇章阅读理解能力的考查 (令晓凤2014) 。
(二) 考查侧重点为词法加句法
主要考查项目还是考纲中所涉及的语法项目。
三、对高中英语教学的启示
1.深刻研习《考试大纲》和《课程标准》, 转变态度。关键弄清在新形式下更好地利用现有英语教学资源培养学生综合运用语言能力的途径。
2.注重语篇逻辑分析和感知能力的培养。根据考查项目来看, 学生如能在平时的Reading课和语法课中注意句子乃至篇章结构布局, 则能够很好地把握住每空要考查的项目。
3.提高语法综合运用能力, 培养学生准确理解所给短文, 做出恰当的解析, 处理各个变体的规则。在没有四个选项的提示的情况下精准快速地定位考点, 并做好变形。
四、如何有效备考
针对语法填空题的设置特点, 精准理解短文是基石, 夯实词汇、语法、句型是抓手。另外, 我们应掌握一定量的英语语言文化背景常识。下面笔者将按照考查项目逐个给出备考策略分析。
从实词、虚词来看:
(一) 实词主要是名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词
这类词考查时一般都给出了提示词, 要求在所给词的基础上加以变化。具体分为下面几种情况:
4. 部分数词的变形。
根据句子上下文语境确定是基数词还是序数词, 若含有量词, 确定是泛指还是确指。如five hundred和hundreds of之间的区别。
(二) 虚词的考查
这里所说的虚词一般多为介词、冠词、连词。多数考查题不给提示词, 考的是学生的语篇感知能力。
(三) 固定搭配
这种考题一般是将固定短语中的一个单词略去, 考生需用火眼金睛发现其中暗含的固定用法, 避去其他单词的误导。如2014年辽宁卷:It asks you to act like water:to be flexible as well___67___strong.从句子语境和固定搭配, 可判断此处应为a well as固定搭配。
(四) 派生词
考生若对词根词缀法有很好的掌握, 做这种题只需看清语境即可。如People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but on important thing to know is, no knowledge i________ (use) .结合语境和句法常识, 此处应该填入一个形容词, 但是意思并非是use本身意思, 应该是其反义词, 所以此处是useless。考查了派生中的后缀用法。
(五) 从句引导词
五、结束语
语法填空题取代单纯的语法和词汇单选题势在必行。这是一道综合性极强的题, 考查了句子结构, 句子成分之间的一致性和句子与篇章结构和意义两个层面的制约性 (程一中2014) 。这种题型对考生的挑战无疑是更大的。所以, 我们应该积极调整备考策略, 迎接陕西采用此类考题的趋势。
摘要:文章针对当前大家热议的高考英语新题型语法填空题的特点, 提出当前教学侧重点的转变, 同时总结出答题技巧, 让考生和教师从容应对, 做好备考调整。
关键词:高考新题型,语法填空,诊断分析,教学启示
参考文献
程一中.2014.2014年高考新题型——语法填空复习应试策略[J].学科攻略:6-11.
令晓凤.2014.高考英语语法填空问题分析及应对策略[J].中学生英语, (6) :92.
13.高一英语语法填空练习 篇十三
European nations in the seventeenth century. These nations were interested in changing it into a colony than in in the early history of the United States, it was the English set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well.
Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich soil. It was on the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first
settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this westward took place because the English were searching for better land than the population was increasing. Settlements of the west part of both countries developed quickly after gold (discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later.
Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution the United States, was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of
the rest of the world.
答案:
1. belonging 2. less 3. exploring 4. who/that 5.in
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