高一历史教案 8.2 世界经济的区域集团化 1(人教版必修2)(精选9篇)
1.高一历史教案 8.2 世界经济的区域集团化 1(人教版必修2) 篇一
2.1
减数分裂
一、教材分析
《减数分裂》是生物必修2《遗传与进化》第2章第1节第一部分。它以学过的细胞学知识、染色体知识、有丝分裂知识为基础,通过学习,使学生全面认识细胞分裂的种类、实质和意义。其中精子的形成过程是重点和难点,它是学生构建减数分裂概念的核心,承载着学生明确有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中染色体行为变化的异同,是理解第1章孟德尔遗传规律的细胞学基础。
二、学情分析
1、学生已经具备了细胞结构、有丝分裂等知识,通过设疑和运用多媒体手段展示染色体的规律性变化,让学生以探索者的身份观察、分析、比较、归纳,使学生自己成为学习的主体,发挥学生自己的独立性、主动性和创造性。
2、在能力方面,学生已具备一定的分析问题能力、推理能力、获取信息能力及探究能力。
三、教学目标
1、知识目标:
(1)阐明细胞的有丝分裂。
(2)举例说明配子的形成过程
(3)解释同源染色体、联会、四分体的含义。
2、能力目标:
(1)比较有丝分裂和减数分裂的异同点
(2)比较精子和卵细胞形成过程的异同点
3、情感态度价值观:认同实验的方法在建立科学理论中的重要作用
四、教学重点和难点
1、教学重点:(1)减数分裂的概念。(2)精子的形成过程
2、教学难点:减数分裂过程中染色体的变化。
五、教学方法
实验法、讲述法、自主探究、学案导学。
六、课前准备
课件制作、导学案制作、学生预习有关内容,教师了解学生情况。
七、课时安排:1课时。
八、教学过程
教学内容
教师活动预设
学生活动预设
设计意图
导入新课
1.播放植物细胞和动物细胞有丝分裂动画。然后让学生连线(时期、细胞图像、特点连线),投影,让学生评论。
2.播放蛙的红细胞无丝分裂动画。
3.播放果蝇体细胞和配子的染色体图。
思考:果蝇产生配子的过程是有丝分裂和无丝分裂吗?为什么?
染色体数目减半了,顾名思义,那是什么分裂?
1.学生观看动画和图片,并完成导学案上的连线,然后相互讨论
2.学生集体回答不是,染色体数目少了,是减数分裂。
让学生回顾有丝分裂和无丝分裂。并与减数分裂对比。对减数分裂有个大概的了解。从而引出减数分裂的定义。
对减数分裂概念的理解
什么是减数分裂?
让学生朗读课本16页黑体字减数分裂的概念。
并完成学案,然后讨论
(1)
范围:
(2)
特点:
(3)
结果:
(4)
时期:
然后教师找一位学生代表回答,并加以指正。
学生完成学案,前后桌同学相互讨论。
让学生对减数分裂概念有一个清晰的认识,为后面学习减数分裂具体过程打下牢实的基础
减数分裂场所(以精子的形成过程为例)
人的皮肤细胞会进行减数分裂产生精子吗?那在什么地方?
教师播放人的睾丸和精子图片,然后讲解:
在睾丸的曲细精管中存在大量的精原细胞,它既能进行有丝分裂产生更多的精原细胞。又能进行减数分裂逐渐产生精子。
学生回答不会,在生殖器官。
然后学生观察图片并仔细聆听讲解。
让学生理解减数分裂在生殖器官中进行。生殖器官中既有有丝分裂又有减数分裂。
减数分裂的具体过程
(一).减数分裂是怎样进行的呢?我们先来看一下减数分裂的动画。
思考:减数分裂有细胞周期吗?
(二).看了动画,可以看出减数分裂过程十分复杂,为了对减数分裂清晰的了解,人为的划分了各种时期。
观察课本17页图片,并阅读18页第一、二段,完成学案:
(1)间期:
复制和
合成。这样精原细胞就变为。
(2)减Ⅰ前:同源染色体联会,四分体,交叉互换
注意点:
①同源染色体:的两条染色体,形状和大小一般都相同,一条来自,一条来自,叫做同源染色体
②姐妹染色单体:一条染色体复制后形成的两条完全一样的染色单体,由着丝点连在一起。
③联会:同源染色体两两配对的现象就叫做联会。
④四分体:联会后的每对同源染色体就含有
条染色单体,叫做四分体。
⑤交叉互换:同源染色体的间发生交换现象
(三).讨论:前后桌4位同学为一组,讨论:
下图是减数分裂某时期的图像,请分析回答:
1.同源染色体和非同源染色体
(1)图中的同源染色体有哪些?
(2)图中的非同源染色体有哪些?
(3)形态、大小相同的染色体是否就一定是同源染色体?减数分裂过程中,配对的两条染色体是否是同源染色体?
2.联会和四分体
(1)有丝分裂中有联会现象吗?
(2)上图中有几个四分体?
(3)四分体、染色体、染色单体和DNA分子数之间的数量关系是怎样的?
3.姐妹染色单体和非姐妹染色单体
上图左边的四分体中:
(1)哪些是姐妹染色单体?哪些是非姐妹染色单体?
(2)交叉互换发生在哪些染色单体之间?
(四)播放减Ⅰ中、后、末,减Ⅱ前、中、后、末图片,学生阅读课本18页3、4、5段。
完成学案:(3)减Ⅰ中:同源染色体(四分体)成对的排列在上
(4)减Ⅰ后:
分离,(着丝点没有分裂)
自由组合。
(5)减Ⅰ末:染色体分别到细胞两极。这样,1个初级精母细胞分裂为2个
。每个细胞中的染色体数目。
(6)减Ⅱ前:染色体散乱的分布在细胞中,此时细胞内已无同源染色体。
(7)减Ⅱ中:着丝点在上整齐排列。
(8)减Ⅱ后:
分裂,每条染色体分成两条子染色体并分别移向两极。(染色体数目暂时加倍,与体细胞数目)
(9)减Ⅱ末:两个次级精母细胞分裂成个精细胞。
种精细胞。精细胞染色体数目是体细胞的(五)变形
播放精细胞变形动画
可以看出细胞质大量减少,体积大大减小。变形成精子后,呈蝌蚪状,细胞核位于头部,线粒体位于尾部,靠尾部的摆动使精子游动。
1.学生观看动画。很多学生会回答有细胞周期,教师要指出没有,因为不能连续分裂。
2.学生看书,完成学案
3.四位学生为一组讨论,然后每个小组选出一个代表回答一个问题,教师和其它小组点评。学生把正确答案写在学案上。
4.学生仔细观察各时期图片。然后完成学案,教师投影学生填写的学案并加以补充讲解。
5.学生观看动画,仔细聆听。
1.让学生对减数分裂具体过程有个整体认识
2.让学生自主学习,而不是单纯的听众
3.让学生理解同源染色体、姐妹染色单体、联会、四分体、交叉互换。不要弄混了。
4.让学生理解并记忆各时期特点。
5.理解有一个变形的过程,这样可以便于运动
典例讲解
指导学生完成并讲解
【典例1】.减数分裂连线
【典例2】关于如图的叙述不正确的是
A.因为细胞无细胞壁有中心体⑨,所以可以判定该细胞为动物细胞
B.④是一条染色体,包含两条染色单体①和③,它们通过一个着丝点②相连
C.细胞中含有两对同源染色体,其中④和⑦为一对同源染色体
D.在后期时,移向同一极的染色体均含同源染色体
【典例3】参照有丝分裂后期,请画出减Ⅰ后和减Ⅱ后:
减Ⅰ后
减Ⅱ后
学生思考并完成学案典例。
让学生能根据所学知识解决相关题型。对重点进行巩固加深
辨别各类细胞所处时期
分辨方法:
【典例4】指出上述各图分别属于什么分裂的什么时期?
学生思考并练习。
提升学生的思维能力,能区分有丝分裂、减Ⅰ、减Ⅱ。
课堂小结
以师生问答的形式进行小结:
1.什么是减数分裂?
2.减数分裂的场所是?
3.减数分裂的具体过程,能描述出来吗?
学生反馈
回顾课堂知识,构建知识体系。
反馈练习
见学案课后练习,作为课后作业
学生完成习题
培养学生应用知识解决实际问题的能力。
九、教学反思
本节课在实现教学目标的过程中我采用多种教学策略引导学生进行探究学习,读图、识图、析图和模型建构等环节很好地体现了学生的主体性,体现“用教材教”的教学理念。
改进:可以让学生用橡皮泥捏成染色体,模拟减数分裂过程中染色体形态、位置和数目的变化,效果可能更好。
十、板书设计
2.1
减数分裂
一、概念
二、场所
三、过程
1.减数第一次分裂前的间期
2.减Ⅰ前
3.减Ⅰ中
4.减Ⅰ后
5.减Ⅰ末
6.减Ⅱ前
7.减Ⅱ中
8.减Ⅱ后
9.减Ⅱ末
10变形
2.人教版高一数学必修1集合的教案 篇二
2.会判断和证明两个集合包含关系;
3.理解“? ”、“?”的含义; ≠
4.会判断简单集合的相等关系;
5.渗透问题相对的观点。
教学重点:子集的概念、真子集的概念
教学难点:元素与子集、属于与包含间区别、描述法给定集合的运算 教学过程:
观察下面几组集合,集合A与集合B具有什么关系?
(1) A={1,2,3},B={1,2,3,4,5}.
(2) A={x|x>3},B={x|3x-6>0}.
(3) A={正方形},B={四边形}.
(4) A=?,B={0}.
(5)A={银川九中高一(11)班的女生},B={银川九中高一(11)班的学生}。
1.子集
定义:一般地,对于两个集合A与B,如果集合A中的任何一个元素都是集合B的元素,我们就说集合A包含于集合B,或集合B包含集合A,记作A?B(或B?A),即若任意x?A,有x?B,则A?B(或A?B)。
这时我们也说集合A是集合B的子集(subset)。
如果集合A不包含于集合B,或集合B不包含集合A,就记作A?B(或B?A),即:若存在x?A,有x?B,则A?B(或B?A)
说明:A?B与B?A是同义的,而A?B与B?A是互逆的。
规定:空集?是任何集合的子集,即对于任意一个集合A都有??A。
(2)除去?与A本身外,集合A的其它子集与集合A的关系如何?
3.真子集:
由“包含”与“相等”的关系,可有如下结论:
(1)A?A (任何集合都是其自身的子集);
(2)若A?B,而且A?B(即B中至少有一个元素不在A中),则称集合A是集合B的真子集(proper subset),记作A≠ B。(空集是任何非空集合的真
子集)
(3)对于集合A,B,C,若A?B,B?C,即可得出A?C;对A? B,B? C,同样≠≠
?有A≠ C, 即:包含关系具有“传递性”。
4.证明集合相等的方法:
?
第3 / 7页
(1) 证明集合A,B中的元素完全相同;(具体数据)
(2) 分别证明A?B和B?A即可。(抽象情况)
3.人教版高中历史必修2教案 篇三
出生于英国林肯郡的一个村庄,爱动脑筋,动手能力强。
2.中学时代
一度辍学,喜欢读书及钻研数学问题。
3.大学时代
进入剑桥大学三一学院学习,发现代数二项式定理。
4.乡下两年
发明了微积分,发现了日光的组成,并开始研究引力问题。
清单二创立经典力学体系
万有引力定律
1.提出“万有引力”概念
(1)条件
①开普勒发现了行星绕日运动的三大定律。
②伽利略发现了力学的一些基本原理。
(2)内容:通过研究证明宇宙间所有的物体都是相互吸引的。
(3)意义:对以后的天体研究起了极大的推动作用。
2.创立经典力学体系
(1)标志:1686年,撰写《自然哲学的数学原理》一文,提出力学的三大定律和万有引力定律,为经典力学规定了一套基本概念,1687年问世。
(2)地位:是近代科学体系形成的标志。
[深化认知]
近代科学是建立在科学实验的基础上,通过科学分析,揭示客观事物本质规律,并形成系统的科学理论。牛顿创立的经典力学体系,实现了物理学第一次大飞跃,标志人类科学时代的开始;引发了第一次工业革命,使人类社会进入蒸汽时代;用数学方法描述宇宙运行自然法则,为启蒙思想和唯物主义哲学奠定了基础。
清单三对牛顿的评价
晚年的困惑
1.晚年的困惑
迷恋和钻研宗教与神秘思想,写下了大量的《圣经》评注和其他神学论文。
2.地位与作用
(1)牛顿是近代自然科学体系的奠基人。
(2)从伽利略到牛顿的时期,对后来科学的发展产生了深远的影响。
[深化认知]
牛顿是的物理学家、数学家和天文学家,经典物理学理论体系的建立者,他在物理学、数学和天文学研究方面都做出了划时代的发明和发现,被称为“近代科学之父”。牛顿是17世纪科学革命中所涌现出的最伟大的科学家,也是人类历最伟大的科学家之一。
探究点一牛顿对近代科学的巨大贡献
[史料探究]
材料一牛顿由于发明了万有引力定律而创立了科学的天文学;由于进行了光的分解而创立了科学的光学;由于发现了二项式定理和无限理论而创立了科学的数学;由于认识了力的本质而创立了科学的力学。
——恩格斯
(1)从材料一恩格斯的评价可以看出牛顿的科学研究具有什么特点?概述牛顿对古典物理学所做的主要理论贡献。
[答案]特点:研究范围涉及天文、光学、数学、力学等多个领域;在各个领域里都成果突出,贡献巨大。理论贡献:提出了万有引力定律与力学三个基本定律,建立起完整的力学体系,从而把天上的行星和它们的卫星的运动规律同地上重力下坠的现象统一起来,完成了物理学发展的第一次大综合,实现了人类认识上的飞跃,成为近代自然科学形成的标志。
材料二如果说我比别人看得远些,那是因为我站在巨人肩上的缘故。我不知道在别人看来我是什么样的人,但在我自己看来,我不过就像是一个在海滨玩耍的小孩,为不时发现比寻常更为光滑的一块卵石或比寻常更为美丽的一片贝壳而沾沾自喜,而对于展现在我面前的浩瀚的真理的海洋,却全然还没有发现呢。
任何不是从现象中推论出来的说法都应称之为假说,而这样一种假说无论是形而上学的还是物理学的,无论属于隐蔽性质的还是力学性质的,在实验哲学中都没有它们的地位。
——牛顿
(2)结合材料二及所学知识,谈谈你对为什么牛顿能够取得如此伟大成就的理解。
[答案]生活在欧洲科学革命的大时代;善于吸收、借鉴前人的优秀成果和经验;对科学研究具有浓厚的兴趣;忘我的投入与勤奋的探索;谦虚的态度;科学有效的研究方法。
[结论形成]
牛顿建立力学体系的原因及深远影响
1.原因
(1)具备了较好的经济基础。当时英国资本主义经济的迅速发展,为牛顿在科学方面的贡献创造了条件。
(2)具备了良好的知识条件。开普勒和伽利略的研究成果,特别是伽利略的实验科学方法和培根所倡导的唯物主义的科学研究法。
(3)英国资本主义制度确立后,资本主义生产的发展对力学提出了迫切的要求。
(4)牛顿在科学领域的探索精神和不畏艰辛、勇于牺牲的思想品质。他在系统总结前人成果的基础上,进行了大量的实验与研究。
2.深远影响
(1)牛顿力学以严格的数学方法和逻辑体系将宇宙间的运动统一起来,是经典物理学和天文学的基础,也是现代工程力学以及与之有关的工程技术的理论基础。牛顿力学的创立标志着人类科学时代的开始。
(2)牛顿经典力学揭示了力学与运动的关系,使人们可以精确掌握力及其作用,使人们掌握了机械的制造与应用,从而引发了以英国工业革命为起点的第一次技术革命,使人类社会进入蒸汽时代。
4.高一历史教案 8.2 世界经济的区域集团化 1(人教版必修2) 篇四
【教学目标】
1、通过对景物描写的赏析,把握作者在现实世界与梦的世界之间辗转中力求超脱的努力,灵魂挣扎的凄苦与无奈。
2、通过对文章典雅清丽、准确生动、富有韵味语言的揣摩,学习作者运用语言的技巧。
【教学重点、难点】
1体会作者运用多种修辞手法的表达效果,并结合语境理解语句、揣摩语言。2 理解通感、化抽象为具体等表现手法。【教学方法】
1、诵读法
2、教师点拨法
3、比较阅读法
4、自主合作探究法 【教学步骤】
第一课时
【教学目标】
1、介绍课文的写作背景及作者当时的思想状况。
2、鉴赏散文的相关知识。
3、(美点寻踪)引导学生初步感知文章的美。理清游踪。
4、引导学生体味第四段的语言美、画面美。【教学过程】
一、导入
1、本单元学习散文。散文包括抒情散文、叙事散文、写景散文、哲理散文。她就像一壶清茶,在炎热的夏季带给我们清凉的慰藉;在深秋的寒气中送来舒心的温暖。
散文重在抒情,但情有独钟,情有所系。《文心雕龙》说:“人禀七情,应物而动。物色三动,心亦摇焉。”眼前的物象唤醒记忆中的表象,情感体验也一同苏醒,于是心物感应,情景相生,触景生情,缘情造景。正所谓“一切景语皆情语”。
郁达夫在论及现代散文时说:“作者处处不忘自我,也处处不忘自然与社会。„„一粒沙里见世界,半瓣花上说人情,就是现代散文的特征之一。”由此可见要热爱生活,用心体验生活就能写出好文章。
写景是为了抒情,客观事物都深深地打上了作者主观情感的烙印!
2、我们今天要心仪怎样一段感情、怎样一幅美景呢?
试题试卷
........请看画面,我们的眼前出现了一大片碧绿的荷塘。面对此等美景,杨万里赞叹
道:
毕竟西湖六月中,风光不与四时同。接天莲叶无穷碧,映日荷花别样红。
──《晓出净慈寺送林子方》 写出了荷花的艳丽的色彩。
泉眼无声惜细流,树阴照水爱晴柔。小荷才露尖尖角,早有蜻蜓立上头。
──杨万里《小池》
写出了荷花的动态。
周敦颐却看到了它“出淤泥而不染,濯清涟而不妖”的高洁品格!面对这样的景色,朱自清又是如何抒写心中的情怀的呢?
二、整体感知
现在我们随着动人的旋律再次走进朱自清先生心灵的荷塘,叩响心扉,解读那淡雅朦胧的心语、心荷。
1、配乐动画朗诵,初步感知、欣赏美景、体味感情。同学们小声跟读,随文入境!
2、优美的诵读和美丽的画面已经让我们沉醉不知归路,我相信大家已经体会到了美,现在可畅所欲言谈谈你谈感受到的美。美点寻踪。
⑴既写荷塘又写月色。荷塘是月光下的荷塘;月色是是荷塘上的月色、将二者巧妙的结合起来了。幽雅、朦胧幽静的画面美。
⑵用词句美、语言美。
⑶情感很美。
总结:语言美、画面美、情感美。
3、抓住关键词语,理出作游踪。
问题1:夜深人静之时,作者为什么会突然想去荷塘边散步?
师生交流明确:
主要是由于“这几天心里颇不宁静”。
全文就是围绕“颇不宁静”这一心情展开的,它就像是一支乐曲中的主旋律,始终在全曲中回荡!此句称“文眼”。
教师:29岁的朱自清此时已是清华大学教授,前途无量,怎么会如此惆怅和苦闷?
本文写于1927年7月,正是蒋介石发动4、12反革命政变之后,白色恐怖笼罩着中国大地。1927年7月正是朱自清思想极端苦闷的时期。朱自清在同时期发表的《一封信》中这样写道:“这几天似乎有些异样,像一叶扁舟在无边的大海上,像一个猎人在无尽的森林里„„似乎在挣扎着,要明白些什么,但似乎什么也没有明白。”
“这几天心里颇不宁静。”这是社会现实的剧烈动荡在作者心中激起的波澜,放在篇首,如一锤定音,为全文定下了抒情基调。
问题2:作者采用什么方式来排解不宁静的?
散步的游踪是怎样的?
师生共同明确:
游踪:家──小路──荷塘──家。
三、课文分析
我们已经知道朱自清在荷塘上心仪到了一幅荷花美景。我们知道荷花是高洁的象征,在中国诗坛上,写荷花的诗句历来很多,我们一起来欣赏李璟的《浣溪沙》,看他们写出了荷试题试卷
........花怎样的情状?
浣溪沙·秋风中荷花
李璟
菡萏香销翠叶残,西风愁起碧波间。还与韶光共憔悴,不堪看。
细雨梦回鸡塞远,小楼吹彻玉笙寒。多少泪珠无限恨,倚栏杆。
朱自清笔下的月色下的荷花又具有怎样的风姿呢?
1、配乐朗读第四段(贝多芬的《月光》钢琴曲)。
2、课文第4小节写了写了哪些景色,构成了怎样的画面?作者怎样写的?
⑴写了月下荷塘:荷叶、荷花、荷香、荷波、荷韵。画面很美。
⑵画面为什么会这么美呢?现在我们去掉文中的某些句子和词语,表达效果又有什么不同呢?我们来读一读。删除法。
⑶品位语言美:
改动文字:荷塘上面,满是叶子。叶子出水很高,中间零星地点缀着些白花,有开着的,有打着朵儿的。微风过处,送来清香。这时候叶子和花也有一丝的颤动,霎时传过荷塘的那边去了。叶子底下是流水,遮住了,不能见一些颜色。
学生朗读。问:感觉怎么样啊?
⑷教师分析:写景技巧:比喻、拟人、通感(修辞)
⑸第4小节写荷花的三个比喻,一个拟人。
①“请问,‘叶子出水很高,像亭亭的舞女的裙’,为什么作者要用裙来比喻叶子呢?”
有的学生说:“形状相似,都是圆的。”
“那盘子不也是圆的吗?锅盖也不是圆的吗?怎么不说‘叶子出水很高,像盘子,像锅盖’”
学生回答说:“荷叶和舞女的裙子都很柔美。”
我接着问:“何以见得很‘柔美’?”
学生答:“句中有‘亭亭’二字。”还有学生说:“是舞女的裙,有一种舒展、旋转的动感,很美。亭亭玉立、修长婀娜、灵动飘逸。”写出了荷叶的风姿。
②层层的叶子中间,零星地点缀着些白花,有袅娜地开着的,有羞涩地打着朵儿的。
开着的──袅娜(轻盈多姿)打着朵的──羞涩(娇怯不语)荷花饱满盛开、含苞待放的情状。
③正如一粒粒明珠,又如碧天里的星星,又如刚出浴的美人。
明珠──晶莹剔透、纤尘不染。
星星──闪闪发光、忽明忽暗。
美人──用刚出浴的美人来形容露珠点点的荷花,使人想到“清水出芙蓉,天然去雕琢”、“出淤泥而不染,濯清莲而不妖”、“可远观而不可亵玩焉”,从而想到荷花的质朴、清新、纯洁、淡雅和高贵、纤尘不染、冰清玉洁。
④“微风过处,送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声的似的。”作者在写荷花的香味,怎么又突然写到歌声了?
“请问,作者究竟听到歌声没有?”
学生回答:“没有。”
“这里是比喻,因为这里用得是‘仿佛’一词„„”
“对,是比喻。也就是说,作者是用歌声来比喻荷香,是吧?”
“但是,“荷香与歌声有什么可比的共同点吗?”
“荷香与歌声都是断断续续、若有若无的。”
“而且朦朦胧胧的。”
试题试卷
........“对。”荷香和歌声都是‘缕缕’的、‘渺茫’的。这是比喻。这是一种特殊的比喻,钱钟书先生把它叫做‘通感’。人们通过视觉、听觉、触觉、味觉、嗅觉等五官感知外界事物时,在一般情况下,彼此不能交错;但在特殊情况下,五官功能却能出现互相转化、彼此沟通的现象叫“通感”,也叫“移觉”。
举几个例子来说明:
诗人艾青曾写诗这样描绘日本著名指挥家小泽征尔:‘你的耳朵在侦察,你的眼睛在倾听„„’这也是通感。
又如:“那笛声里有故乡绿色平原上青草的香味,有四月的龙眼花的香味,有太阳的光明。”(郭风《叶笛》)
这个句子笛声里有草的清香,花的芬芳,还有明亮的阳光,三种感觉相融会,那笛声该多么撩人情思。
“吴钩和柳叶眉坐在小堤上歇息,柳叶眉不知怎么心烦意乱地说:‘大哥,你给我吹个小曲儿,要酸酸的,甜甜的,凉凉的„„’”
其实,通感并不仅仅在文学作品中才被使用,实际上日常用语中,也常常有通感。比如,说某位同学的声音很粗,难道他的声音是有直径的吗?”
看,现在每一个同学脸上都呈现出甜美的笑容。可是,你们决不认为我是在说你们的笑脸是抹了糖的吧!
远处高楼上渺茫的歌声──花香,如歌声,若有若无、轻灵飘渺,用听觉来写嗅觉,想像奇妙,写出了荷香清淡缥缈、沁人心脾的美好情状。
⑹画面美:月色下的荷塘,朦胧、静谧的美。
写景技巧:比喻、拟人、通感、动静结合、叠词的巧妙使用。
⑺出示知识图示。
⑻再次诵读第四段。
⑼作业:
知识迁移:描绘画面美。
水仙子·咏江南
张养浩
一江烟水照晴岚,两岸人家接画檐。芰荷丛一段秋光淡,看沙鸥舞再三,卷香风十里珠帘。画船儿天边至,酒旗儿风外飐,爱煞江南。
答案:
雾气飘绕,江水潺潺,暖和的阳光轻抚着秀丽的山峦,江水两岸是彩绘的屋檐。芰荷沐浴在秋光中,沙鸥悠闲的踱着步,时而拍打着翅膀翩翩起舞。风轻轻撩起珠帘,画船从天边飘来,船上的酒旗迎风招展。好一个富饶美丽的水乡江南„„
第二课时
【教学目标】
赏析五六段的画面美、语言美。【教学过程】
1、播放古筝曲《春江花月夜》,生谈感受。
2、出示写月的诗句
月下独酌 李白
试题试卷
........花间一壶酒,独酌无相亲。举杯邀明月,对影成三人。月既不解饮,影徒随我身。暂伴月将影,行乐须及春。我歌月徘徊,我舞影零乱。醒时同交欢,醉后各分散。永结无情游,相期邈云汉。
描写诗人在月夜与“我外之我”的影子及月亮一同畅饮的情景,以奇特的构思、浪漫的想象,深刻地表现出诗人的独斟独酌,及举目无知音的孤独之情。
舟次中秋 张煌言
淡荡秋光客路长,兰桡桂棹泛天香。
月明圆峤人千里,风急轻帆燕一行。
明确月色是难写的。以月寄相思。本文是怎样写月色的。
3、美读五六段配乐《月光》
4、课文第5小节写了什么景色?
学生回答:
写了塘上月色:
月光:如流水。
月影:如名曲。
5、作者是从几个方面写了月色?
学生回答,教师补充:
⑴以流水作比,月辉照耀一泻无余的景象。
⑵通过雾写月光:薄薄的青雾,雾的轻飘壮。
⑶通过荷花与荷叶写月色的朦胧“像在牛乳中洗过,像笼着轻纱的梦”描绘荷叶、荷花安谧、恬静的情状。
⑷以树影写月色:画,浓淡适宜。
⑸通过光与影的和谐写月色:和谐的旋律。
6、勾出本段中你喜欢的句子,并思考语言有什么特点。
语言:朴素、典雅、充满诗意。
“朱先生的语言,历来是„新而不失自然‟,在口语的基础上刻意出新。既有平白如话,毫无雕饰的文字,更有精心„拣练‟的遣词用字。点活了月光和雾气的„泻‟„浮‟二字生动的起了试题试卷
........丰富、润饰、强化形象的作用。”
──金志华《中国现代散文欣赏辞典》
⑴月光如流水一般,静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里。叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样,又像笼着青纱的梦。
为什么说“泻”“浮”二字点活了月光和雾气呢?可否用“照”替代“泻”,用“升”替代“浮”。(替换法)
由学生找,谈谈体会,教师点拨。
参考:(以学生讲为主,教师重点分析四处)
“泻”──一个“泻”字,月辉照耀一泻无余之景,顿时化静态为动态,写出了月光的流动感。再加上修饰语“静静地”,准确地写出了月光既像流水一般地倾泻,但又是绝无声响地幽静幽美,这就创造了一个安谧的氛围,意境相当优美。(“照”字直白,是如实地写,不是描绘,淡而无味。另方面与“如流水一般”不相配,失去和谐感。)
浮──浮”写出了雾的轻飘状态,突出了恬静朦胧,一个水气迷蒙、月色轻笼的境界呼之欲出。(而“升”给人腾空而上的感觉,不能妥帖地道出雾的轻柔。)
⑵弯弯的杨柳的稀疏的倩影,却又像是画在荷叶上的。为何用画不用印?
“画”──仿佛有无形的手在展纸描绘一般,富有情趣,表现了作者的喜爱之情。(“印”不能写出美)
⑶“虽然是满月,天上却有一层淡淡的云,所以不能朗照;但我以为这恰是到了好处──酣眠固不可少,小睡也别有风味的。”──这种朦胧柔和的月色非常符合作者此时的心境,所以说“恰是到了好处”。画面美:淡月辉映下荷塘里雾光、叶色、水气交相杂糅而成的朦胧景色。
7、写景技巧:虚实结合,虚中见实,贴切的表现了朦胧月色下荷花漂浮的姿态,一种摄人心魄的意境。
8、讨论第6节:
学生自己分析,教师作适当点拨:
这一节写荷塘的四周。在这里,作者以树为着眼点,由远及近,写出了杨柳、远山、灯光、蝉声、蛙声。
⑴四面的树(照应第2节)
有远有近:杨柳最多──远,将一片荷塘重重围住──近。
⑵写树不忘写月色:阴阴的。
试题试卷
........⑶路灯光把作者从幻想中召回,最后两句虽似写景,实则点明心境。写树上的蝉声与水里有蛙声,由寂静到热闹,充满了生机,将荷塘和月色衬托得更加突出,并含蓄地表明作者虽完全沉醉在荷塘月色的宁静的境界中,但哀愁和苦闷还是笼罩在心头。
关于动静:叶子出水很高,像婷婷的舞女的裙。
荷叶本来是静的,但作者想像它是动的,是舞女的裙。化静为动这时候最热闹的要树上的蝉声与水里的蛙声;但……以动衬静,第四段月色下的荷塘,荷叶、荷花、荷香(静);荷波、荷韵(动)。动静结合。
⑷运用了绘画技巧来写荷塘的环境。
⑸作者笔下的荷塘四周,疏密有致,浓淡相宜,明暗结合,喧寂相间。
板书:
景物的特点:淡雅、朦胧
⑹衬托手法:单写月光单调,作者着力摹写月的投影,光影交错,把岸边树、塘中荷连接在一起,构成了美丽的图画。
⑺出示五六段知识结构图示。
⑻总结画面美:月光如水、薄雾似纱、花叶如梦、黑影斑驳、杨柳如画、光影似曲
9、教师小结:朱自清就是就是这样一位神奇的国画大师,用“新而不失自然”的语言之笔给我们描绘了一幅清幽淡雅、朦胧和谐之景,让荷塘与月色融为了一体,心境与景物融为了一体,整个天地融为了一体!给我们以巨大的审美享受!写景是为了抒情,这淡淡的荷塘月色之景中,寄寓的是作者淡淡的难以言说的情!
10、总结
画面──美丽
气氛──宁静
格调──雅致
12、技巧:动静结合、虚实相生、远近相宜、巧用修辞、炼字、衬托、巧用叠词
效果;浓淡相宜
13、一番赏析后,相信同学们对这一段已经有了全新的感觉,下面让我们再次以最深情地朗读来诠释4、5、6段。教师小结:朱自清的想像是多么丰富啊,古人有读《汉书》来下酒,今天我们是品“荷塘月色”来纯净我们的心灵!
14、作业
(1)收集写月的诗句,背诵4到6段。
试题试卷
........第三课时
【教学目标】
简析作者矛盾心情,把握作者的情感美。【教学过程】
1、检查作业:出示写荷的诗句和幻灯片。
前两节课,我们欣赏了本文的语言美和画面美。能写出这样的文章,作者情感肯定很美吧?这节课我们来体验朱自清的情感美。
2、作者作品等知识简介
朱自清(1898~1948),原名自华,字佩弦,号秋实,是毛泽东称颂的“表现了我们民族的英雄气概”的作家、学者。生于江苏东海县,祖籍浙江绍兴,自祖父以来定居扬州,所以自称“我是扬州人”。1920年毕业于北大哲学系,在江浙等地的中学任教,参加文学研究会。1925年任清华大学教授。代表作有散文与诗的合集《踪迹》,散文集《背影》、《欧游杂记》等。朱自清的确才华横溢。他是一名著名的学者、诗人,民主战士。
3、回忆作者游踪:家──小路──荷塘──家。
4、一夜畅游,朱自清找到了心灵的宁静吗?(情感美)(只让学生回答“找到”还是“没有找到”)到底找到没有呢?我们一起来看一看作者心情是怎样变化的。
请看第3自然段的内心独白。我们先一起来朗读这个自然段。
5、这一段独白到底流露了朱自清怎样的心情?
明确:
尽管有哀愁,但更有一种淡淡的喜悦之情!作者只有这幽僻的坏境之中,才感到自己成了一个自由的人,才能够抛开尘世间的喧嚣和烦恼。
──可见作者对现实的不满!
“我且受用这无边的荷香月色好了。”流露出作者为能够暂时得到自由,欣赏荷塘月色而淡淡喜悦。
──可见作者幻想超脱现实!
6、带着满腔的期待和淡淡的喜悦,朱自清来到了荷塘边。面对美景他摆脱烦恼了?
从哪里可以看出他最终还是没有摆脱烦恼?
“但热闹是他们的,我什么也没有。”由此可见现实不令其满意。
7、联想到了什么?
“忽然想起采莲的事情来了”这一句承上文宕开一笔,转出新意。文章由此放开去,联想到古代诗词对采莲的描绘。出示采莲的诗句:
采莲曲
李亚如
藕田成片傍湖边,隐约花红点点连。
三五小船撑将去,歌声嘹亮赋采莲。
采莲曲
王昌龄
荷叶罗裙一色裁,芙蓉向脸两边开。
试题试卷
........乱入池中看不见,闻歌始觉有人来。采莲曲 [隋]殷英童
荡舟无数伴,解缆自相催。
汗粉无庸拭,风裙随意开。
棹移浮荇乱,船进倚荷来。
藕丝牵作缕,莲叶捧成杯。
8、《采莲赋》,描写采莲时热烈活泼的生活,作者彻底摆脱烦恼了?
这真是有趣的事,可惜我们现在早已无福消受了。
本身就说明他因内心的苦闷而产生的对自由快乐的向往。它恰好反衬出作者对现实生活的失望。为何又惦记江南了呢?
9、从采莲场景回到眼前,发现眼前有“只不见一些流水的影子,是不行”的缺憾。
由此极自然地牵动出“这令我到底惦着江南了”这种思乡的哀愁。
想起了家乡,正是愁苦的内心反映。
10、“猛一抬头,不觉已是自己的门前”,“我”回到了现实,一切照旧。
11、到这里,我们可以从整体上来把握作者的感情。
寂寞、苦闷与彷徨让作者“心里颇不宁静”,于是漫步荷塘进入醒着的“梦”境—“另一世界里”。作者有意地把自己置身于超脱现实的环境中,“这一片天地好象是我的;”“便觉是个自由的人”“白天里一定要做的事,一定要说的话,现在都可不理。”沉浸在荷塘月色里,流露出淡淡的喜悦却又无法摆脱淡淡的哀愁。
“另一世界里的‘我’和现实世界颇不宁静的‘我’拉开了距离。这样的超脱现实的描写越是写得自由自在,则文末写回到现实世界的我也就越显得空虚、烦恼;“路灯是没精打采”的,蝉声和蛙声是热闹的,“但热闹是他们的,我什么也没有。”展示出一幅现实
世界阴森可怕的图画,巧妙地回应了文首的“颇不宁静”。
最后,独步月下荷塘排除烦闷的“我”回到家中,“妻已熟睡好久了”,又再暗示出家中的宁静与和谐反衬出“我”那无法排除的烦闷。
作者的思想感情在文中是变化的。从不静、求静、得静到出静,时而烦恼时而愉悦,最后仍然摆脱不了先是的烦恼。
这篇文章所表现的思想感情概括为“淡淡的喜悦,淡淡的哀愁”,是很贴切的,但作者的感情底色是“不宁静”。
不宁静──受用无边月色──我什么没有──无福消受。
12、教师补充小结:李白是“抽刀断水水更流,举杯消愁愁更愁”,朱自清是借景消愁愁更愁!但朱自清是巧妙地运用了情景交融的手法,借朦胧之景抒朦胧之情,不着痕迹地表露了自己的情感。虽然他没有高呼“我很痛苦”,但我们在荷塘月色中能够深深感受到:人生忧伤虽轻犹重,孤独苦闷似淡还浓!
13名家评论 课堂总结
他的散文,仍能够贮满着那一种诗意。(郁达夫《〈中国新文学大系·散文二集〉导言》)
朱自清的文体美,是有自己的个性特点的,有人曾将它概括为一个“清”字。我想,这个“清”字,不只是指文字的清秀、朴素,恐怕连人格的高洁、思想的纯正、感情的真挚都包含在里面才是。(佘树森《中国现当代散文研究》)
试题试卷
........能够徜徉于文字中的人是丰富而优雅的儒者,能够沉浸于美中的人是诗意栖居在这个世界上的智者!
14、作业:分别用博喻、通感的修辞手法各写两个句子。
5.高一历史教案 8.2 世界经济的区域集团化 1(人教版必修2) 篇五
be good to 对….友好
add up 合计
another time 改时间
get sth done 使…被做
calm down 镇定下来
have got to 不得不
be concerned about 关心;挂念
walk the dog 遛狗
make a list of 列出
share sth with sb 和某人分享某物
go through 经历;仔细检查
hide away 躲藏;隐藏
set down 放下;记下
a series of 一系列;一套
be crazy about 对…着迷
on purpose 故意
in order to/ so as to 为了
face to face 面对面地
according to 按照;根据…所说
get along with 与…相处
pack up 收拾,打理行装
have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见;做…有困难
fall in love 相爱
throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊
try out 试验;试用
join in 参加(活动)
communicate with sb 和…交际
far and wide 到处
look to sth 注意,留心某事
cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物
have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯
be ignorant of 无知的
1. I wonder if… 我想知道是否….
2. It’s because… 这是因为…. 此从句中because不能用since或as 代替
3. What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢?
4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
=While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗时,你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子,结果狗被车撞了。
(当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时,可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。)
5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗?
6. I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已经很久不能去户外,所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。
7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得非常清楚,曾有一段时间,湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花,从未使我心醉神迷过。
8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您给我提些建议,我会非常感谢的。 (I would be grateful if… 委婉客气提出请求)
10. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是个好习惯。
11. She found it difficult to settle and…
12. This series of readers is very interesting.
13. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
14. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.
Unit2 English around the world
in…ways 在…方面
be different from 与…不同
play a role/ part (in) 在…中担任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一个角色;参与
play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 because of 因为;由于
such as 例如
believe it or not 信不信由你
come up (vi) 走进;上来;发生;被讨论
come up with 提出
come up to a place 参观某地
ever before 从前
at the end of 在…末期
even if/ though 即使
be based on 在...基础上
close to 距离…近
make (good/ full) use of (好好/充分)利用
change…into 把…变成
in the early days 在早期
from one place to another 从一处到另一处
take…with…随身携带
the same…as 与…相同的
at present 目前
as a rule 通常;照例
be present at 在席;出席
carry out a rule 执行规则
be absent from 缺席
be a native of 是…人
present sth to sb / present sb with sth
be native to 是…的土产动物/植物
at sb’s request 应某人的要求
have a command of掌握
make a request 请求
give commands 命令
request that …(should)+v原形
in one direction 朝一个方向
an international language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织
in the 1600’s = in the 1600s
as we know 正如我们所知
1. However, they may not be able to understand everything.
(然而,他们可能不是什么都懂。)
2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.
(这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。)
3. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.
(当不同文化互相沟通时,所有的语言都会发生变化。)
4. What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.
(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。 此处what引导宾语从句)
5. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.
(实际上,当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。)
6. …those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
7. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.
(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。 美国是一个大国,国内说着许许多多的方言。)
8. …there is more than one kind of English in the world.
(more than one+单数可数名词,作主语时,谓语用单数)
9. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.
(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。)
句型:It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是…
扩充:It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth
当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for; 若形容词修饰sb,则用of.
eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.
附:
1. either…or…和neither…nor…连接两个名词作主语,谓语动词采取就近原则。
2. be different in
强调在某方面的不同
be different from 强调在各方面的不同
3. in the end 最后,最终 后无of 结构
三个表示最后最终的用法:
⑴finally: 按照顺序的最后,常与first, secondly 等连用
⑵at last: 经过长时间等待直到最后
⑶in the end: 经过长期曲折斗争努力,终于… 如:战争等
4. 与人交谈,常会有听不清楚或听不懂的情形,遇到这种情况该如何开口呢?
⑴Pardon?
⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.
对不起,我没听懂,请再说一遍好吗?
⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗?
⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点好吗?
5. include ─ including; included
identity ─ identify
actually ─ actual (adj); rapidly ─ rapid (v)
government (n) ─ govern(v)
wide (adj) ─ widen (v); broad (adj) ─ broaden (v)
foreign ─ foreigner;
solve (v) ─ solution (n)
6. petrol------gas ;
lift------elevator;
flat------apartment
film------movie; sweets----candy;
post------mail
Unit3 Travel Journal
one-way fare 单程票
round-trip fare 往返票
dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事
graduate from 从…毕业
go for long bike rides 做长途自行车旅行
persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事
get sb interested in 使某人对… 感兴趣
insist on (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要;坚持要
the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法
at an altitude of 在…海拔上
attitude to/ toward(s) 对…态度
care about 忧虑,关心 care for喜欢,照顾
care to do愿意/同意做某事
change one’s mind 改变主意
to my mind = in my opinion
make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事
determine to do sth ( 动作) / be determined to do sth (心理) 决心干某事
give in (to) 投降;屈服;让步
give in (vt) 上交
give up 放弃
give up doing/sth
as usual 像往常一样
at midnight 午夜
make camp 野营,宿营
put up one’s tents 搭起帐篷
sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉
sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事
can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事
for one thing… for another (用来引出某事的理由)一则… 二则…
take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一惊
1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.
强调句基本句型:it is/ was…. that….其中指人时可用who(主),whom(宾)。
2. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we (should) find the source of the river.
insist that….(should)+ v原形 坚持要;坚持要求
insist that….陈述语气 坚持说;坚持认为
3. Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? (metaphor)
4. To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.
5. Good luck on your journey.
6. The lake shone like glass in the moonlight. (simile)
Unit4 Earthquakes
have time to do 有时间做某事
happen to do 碰巧做某事
shake hands with sb 握手
burst into tears/ laughter
burst out crying/laughing
突然哭/笑起来
in ruins 成为废墟
cut across 穿过、横穿
blow away 吹走、刮走
fall down 倒塌
rescue workers 救援人员
be pleased to do 乐意做某事
make/ give a speech 发表演说
judging….from 根据……来判断
tens of thousands of 成千上万
dig out 挖掘
a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的
be trapped in/ under 陷入……/ 陷在……下面
the high school speaking competition 高中演讲比赛
have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 让某人做某事
come to an end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 结束某事
be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
think little of 对……评价低
invite sb for/ to sth
think highly of 对……评价高
one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3
seventy-five percent 75%
agree with sb
give out 发出(气味等);分发;耗尽
agree to sth
give off 发出(气味等)
agree to do sth
give away 赠送;泄露
agree on sth 达成一致意见
give back 归还
right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻
as you know 正如你所知道的
be known as 作为……而知名
as is known to all 众所周知
be known for 因……而出名
as could be expected 正如可以预料到的
it is useless doing sth 干某事是无用的
happen= take place= come about= break out
偶发 有计划偶发 战争等爆发
1. It is always calm before a storm.
2. Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake. 此句为There be 句型
3. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 现在分词表伴随
4. It seemed that the world was at an end.
5. Water, food and electricity were hard to get.
句型:主语+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主动形式表示被动含义
6. All hope was not lost. all 与not 连用 表示部分否定
7. It’s never too late to learn. 活到老,学到老。
附:分词用法 之 作定语
falling leaves 正在落的叶子 boiling water 正在沸腾的水
fallen leaves 已经落在地上的叶子 boiled water 开水
Unit5 Nelson Mandela----a modern hero
lose heart 丧失勇气
worry about 担心(动作)
lose one’s heart to sb/sth 爱上,喜欢上
be worried about 担心(状态)
in trouble 处于不幸中
be sentenced to 被判处
be out of work = lose one’s job 失业
be equal to 相等的,平等的
as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上 beg for 乞讨
blow up 充气,爆炸
set up 建立,创立;设置,竖起
send up 发射,使上涨
set about 着手做某事 (set about doing sth)
go up 上升,增长;被兴建
set off 出发,动身
set up 设立,建立;设置,竖起
set out 陈列,摆出;开始(set out to do sth)
be active in = take an active part in 积极参与,在……活跃
keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 die for 为……而死
stop sb (from) doing sth
die from 死于(外因)
prevent sb (from) doing sth
die of 死于(内因 如:饥饿,寒冷,疾病等)
put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入监狱
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
advice 不可数 a piece of advice
advise doing sth
fight for 为争取……而斗争
advise sb on sth
fight against 为反对……而斗争
advise that (should)+ v原
fight with 同……并肩作战/ 同……斗争
have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth
work out 算出
have problems/ difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth have a go= have a try
be willing to do sth 乐于做某事
realize one’s dream of 实现…… 的梦想
answer violence with violence 以暴制暴
break the law 违反法律
come to power 当权,上台
social activities 社会活动
equal (adj)------equally (adv)------equality (n) violence (n)------violent (adj)
cruelty (n)------cruel (adj)------cruelly (adv)
educated (adj)------education (n)
willing----unwilling 不愿意的
active----inactive 不活跃的
1. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
only 放在句首且后接状语时(作状语:副词;介词短语;状语从句),要使用部分倒装------才用一般疑问句语序。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.
Only when his father came back did he go to bed. (从句无需倒装,主句要倒装)
2. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.
他主张三民主义:民主、民权、民生。
3. I felt bad the first time I talked to the group.
the first time 用法相当于连词用法,用来引导从句
链接:It’s the first time that 现在完成时
It was the first time that 过去完成时
4. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
should have done 本应做而未做
needn’t have done 本不应做而做了
6.高一历史教案 8.2 世界经济的区域集团化 1(人教版必修2) 篇六
一、选择题
将一盏灯放在桌子上代表太阳,在电灯旁放置一个地球仪代表地球,拨动地球仪模拟地球运动。读图回答1~2题。
1.该实验能够演示的地理现象是()A.昼夜的交替
B.区时的差异 C.运动物体偏向
D.地方时差异 2.判断图中P点所在的是()A.晨线
B.昏线
C.0时经线
D.既不是晨线,也不是昏线 答案:1.A 2.A 解析:第1题,材料中“将一盏灯放在桌子上代表太阳,在电灯旁放置一个地球仪代表地球,拨动地球仪模拟地球运动”,该实验显然演示的是地球昼夜交替的现象。第2题,从图中看,背对电灯一侧为黑夜,P点所在的线是由黑夜到白昼的界线,故该线为晨线。
3.如果用a表示晨线,b表示昏线,下列图中表示正确的是()
答案:B 解析:晨线始终是迎着太阳光线移动,昏线则始终是背着太阳光线移动。
4.一位山东潍坊的游客于3月21日清晨到天安门广场参观升旗仪式,天气晴好,当日升旗时间为地方时6时,请问升旗手准备升旗的那一瞬间,游客手表显示的时间是()A.6:00 B.6:16 C.5:44 D.6:06 答案:B 解析:北京时间为120°E的地方时,而北京的地方时是116°E的地方时,当116°E地方时600升旗时,北京时间应为616。
北京时间8月19日15时40分,某客机平稳地降落在北京首都机场。这架客机于纽约时间8月18日14时19分从美国纽约机场起飞,从北极上空直飞而过,抵达北京。据此回答5~6题。
5.该客机起飞时,北京时间为()A.8月18日2时19分
B.8月19日14时19分 C.8月18日23时19分
D.8月19日3时19分
6.这架飞机起飞时纽约时间为8月18日14时19分,到达北京时为北京时间8月19日15时40分,则飞机的飞行时间为()A.15小时21分
B.14小时21分 C.13小时21分
D.12小时21分 答案:5.D 6.D 解析:第5题,北京时间使用的是东八区的区时,而纽约使用的是西五区的区时,两地相差13个时区,故飞机起飞时的北京时间为8月18日14时19分+13小时=8月19日3时19分。第6题,飞机起飞时北京时间为8月19日3时19分,降落时北京时间为8月19日15时40分,故飞机的飞行时间为12小时21分。
7.一般来说,在北京人们8点上班,在乌鲁木齐人们10点上班,这是因为()A.北京对工作时间的要求比乌鲁木齐长 B.北京比乌鲁木齐天亮晚
C.北京地方时比乌鲁木齐的地方时早2个小时 D.北京在乌鲁木齐的西边 答案:C 解析:我国统一采用北京时间,即北京所在东八区的区时,乌鲁木齐位置偏西,地方时比北京晚,故乌鲁木齐上班时间一般在北京时间10点,其地方时大约8点左右。
读“某地区图”,回答第8题。
8.图中东十一区与东十二区的分界线是()A.172.5°E B.170°E C.165°E
D.172.5°W
答案:A 解析:每个时区跨15°,东十一区范围是157.5°E~172.5°E,东十二区的范围是172.5°E~180°。
为避免人们交流中日期的混乱,国际上规定了日期变更线,某校同学在学习中自制如图所示的日期钟。其中,短针代表国际日界线,长针代表零时变更线。根据要求回答9~10题。
9.日期界线长指针变动的原因是()A.地球公转引起
B.地球自转引起 C.太阳直射点移动
D.引起四季变化
10.当地球自转一周时,图中M、N两点处在同一日期内的时间长约达()A.12小时
B.20小时 C.6小时
D.24小时 答案:9.B 10.B 解析:第9题,地球自转引起地方时的变化,造成零时所在经线变化。第10题,M与180°经线相差60°,为4个小时,若M、N恰好处于同一日期,最长可达20小时。
11.下图中甲为河流流向,乙是沿该河AB作的河床剖面图。下列关于该河的叙述,正确的是()A.该河在北半球 B.该河在南半球
C.该河段河流由北向南流 D.该河段河流由西向东流 答案:A 解析:从图中可知,该河B岸沉积,A岸冲刷,根据流向判断出该河向A岸偏(即向右偏),应当在北半球。再根据所给指向标判断,该河流向为由西北流向东南。
12.下图中虚线箭头表示的是物体原来的受力方向,实线箭头表示受地转偏向力后物体的运动方向。A、B、C、D、E五处箭头所表
示的物体实际运动方向,正确的是()A.A、B B.B、D C.D、E D.A、E 答案:B 解析:沿地表水平运动的物体,在北半球向右偏,南半球向左偏,赤道上不偏转。
13.一条东西流向的河流,其上游南岸冲刷厉害,而北岸有沙洲形成,其下游则北岸冲刷厉害,南岸入海处形成河口三角洲。下图与该河流位置和流向相吻合的是()
A.①③
B.①④ C.②③
D.②④ 答案:A 解析:同一条河流,上游与下游冲刷的河岸相反,则地转偏向力发生了变化,说明这条河流跨越了赤道,进入另一半球。
二、综合题
14.读“6月22日太阳照射图”,完成下列问题。
(1)从南北半球看,此图所示的是________半球;图中E点的纬
度是________。
(2)图中AEC表示________线,图中所示地区是________季。(3)此刻,图中A、B、C、D四处的地方时是:A________时,B________时,C________时,D________时。
(4)从D点处向E点方向吹出的风,偏向后变成________风。答案:(1)北 66°34′N(2)晨昏 夏
(3)6 12 18 24(0)(4)西南
解析:地球的自转方向是自西向东,在北极上空观察时,地球自转方向表现为逆时针的运动方向,在南极上空观察时,地球自转方向表现为顺时针的运动方向。6月22日为北半球的夏季。观察图形即可判断此半球为北半球。AEC区分了昼半球与夜半球,因此AEC是晨昏线。由图可知,此时为6月22日,晨昏线应与南、北极圈相切,北极圈内出现极昼现象,而E点正好位于与晨昏线相切的纬线圈上,因此,E点的纬度应为66°34′N。根据图中太阳光线直射B所在的经线,因此,B点所在经线为昼半球的中央经线,为12时;D点所在经线为夜半球中央经线,为24(0)时;A点所在经线为晨线与赤道交点所在经线,为6时;B点所在经线为昏线与赤道交点所在经线,为18时;从D点吹向E点的风是南风,在北半球做水平运动的物体要向右偏转,因此,偏向后应为西南风。
15.下图中太阳直射甲点。读图,回答下列问题。
(1)在图中,旧的一天的经度范围是________,共跨的经度是________度。
(2)乙地的时刻为________时。
(3)甲地向东运动的物体会向________(南、北)偏转,所以,我国长江下游________(南、北)岸的河运港口更容易受泥沙淤塞的影响。
答案:(1)180°向东至60°W 120(2)4(3)南 北
16.比较下面四幅图(阴影区为黑夜),完成下列问题。
(1)分别写出图
1、图2和图3的晨线并判断赤道上晨线与昏线的经度差。
(2)假设图1中A、C处各有一河流发育,在其水文和水系特征相同的情况下,________处发育的河流________(左岸、右岸)受侵蚀更严重一些。
(3)结合图2信息,分别计算北京的地方时、世界时并说明新一天的范围。
答案:(1)AC、AO、AB。180°。(2)C 左岸
(3)14时44分。7时。从105°W向东到180°。
7.高一历史教案 8.2 世界经济的区域集团化 1(人教版必修2) 篇七
一、教学内容
《减数分裂和受精作用》是新课标高中《生物(必修二)》(人教版)第二章“基因和染色体的关系”中的第一节,它是有丝分裂的继续,又是遗传和变异的细胞学基础。学好这节课既有助于加深理解有丝分裂过程,又是学好遗传和变异的必要条件。所以,在知识上它起到了承上启下的作用,这决定了本节内容的重要性。
二、三维目标
1.知识与技能
(1)阐明细胞的减数分裂。
(2)举例说明配子的形成过程。
(3)举例说明受精作用。
(4)使用高倍镜观察蝗虫精母细胞减数分裂固定装片。
(5)运用模型建构的方法,模拟减数分裂过程中染色体数目和行为的变化。
2.过程与方法
(1)借助电脑动画,展示减数分裂的连续动态变化过程,将抽象的减数分裂过程直观化,将大量冗长的文字图像化。
(2)学生的自主观察、归纳总结、分析讨论、表解、巩固、练习,使学生理解掌握减数分裂过程中染色体的主要行为变化,并从实质上认识了减数分裂实际上是一种特殊的有丝分裂。
(3)通过观察蝗虫精母细胞减数分裂固定装片,识别减数分裂不同阶段的染色体的形态、位置和数目,加深对减数分裂过程的理解。
(4)运用模型建构的方法,模拟减数分裂过程中染色体数目和行为的变化,体验减数分裂中染色体的规律性变化,从而理解精子和卵细胞的形成。
3.情感态度和价值观
减数分裂是一个由各个阶段组成的连续的动态过程,教学可使学生领悟到“事物(生命)都是阶段性和连续性的统一”的辩证唯物主义观点。
三、教学重点
1.减数分裂的概念
2.精子的形成过程
四、教学难点
1.减数分裂过程中染色体的行为变化
2.同源染色体的概念
五、教学用具
多媒体课件、染色体纸质模型、吸铁石
六、课时安排
3课时
七、第一课时教学过程:
教学阶段 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图
1.创设情境:用实例解释有性生殖和有性生殖细胞的含义 出示明星李亚鹏、王菲夫妇及其女儿的图片。
提问:女儿是怎样产生的?
教师:从生殖的角度看,女儿是怎样产生的呢?
教师:答得很好。像这样由父方提供精子,母方提供卵细胞,精卵结合后形成受精卵,再由受精卵发育成个体的生殖方式是一种有性生殖。相应地,精子和卵细胞就是一种生殖细胞。
注意:受精卵是由精子和卵细胞融合得到的细胞,所以受精卵中染色体数目是精子和卵细胞染色体数目之和。下面我们从染色体的组成来分析这一家三口。
提问:一家三口体细胞染色体数分别为多少? 生:女儿是在李王夫妇的爱情催化下产生的。(笑)
生:李亚鹏提供精子,王菲提供卵细胞,精卵结合后形成受精卵,女儿是由受精卵发育而成的。
生:46条 激发兴趣,交代有性生殖的含义,为后续学习做好铺垫。(课前学生并不了解有性生殖的含义)
2.引入课题:初步介绍减数分裂的概念,强调染色体数目减半,暂不说明复制一次分裂两次 教师:也就是亲代和子代染色体数目是恒定的。
提问:精子和卵细胞可以通过有丝分裂产生吗?为什么?
设问:那么,为了保持生物前后代细胞内染色体数目的恒定,应该通过什么样的分裂方式来产生精子和卵细胞呢?
教师:如果精子或卵细胞内染色体只有正常体细胞中染色体数目的一半,那么问题便迎刃而解。也就是说在形成精子和卵细胞过程中,细胞的染色体是要减少一半的。像这种能使细胞染色体数目减半的细胞分裂就叫减数分裂。减数分裂产生的细胞如果可以进行有性生殖,就叫成熟的有性生殖细胞,比如精子、卵细胞是成熟生殖细胞。而能进行减数分裂的细胞就是原始生殖细胞,比如精原细胞和乱原细胞。
原始生殖细胞
→
成熟生殖细胞
(2N)
→
(1N)
生:不能。因为如果精子或卵细胞是由有丝分裂得到的,精子和卵细胞染色体数各为46条,受精卵为92条,后代染色体数无法维持恒定。设疑导入,把注意力集中到染色体变化这个重点上来
3.观察分析:分析减数分裂的结果,仅从形态、大小上介绍同源染色体的概念 出示雌果蝇体细胞和卵细胞的染色体组成图。
提问:经过减数分裂,两个细胞在染色体数量上有怎样的关系?
提问:除了数量关系外,从染色体形态、大小上看,两个细胞在染色体的组成上有何特点和联系?
师生共同归纳观察结果:体细胞中染色体是成对存在,(像这种形态和大小相同的两条染色体叫同源染色体),卵细胞中没有成对的同源染色体,减数分裂过程中染色体数目要减半、成对的同源染色体要分开。生:卵细胞染色体是体细胞的一半。
学生分组讨论、交流并在白纸上画出讨论结果。通过观察明确减数分裂的结果,为探究减数分裂过程做准备。对同源染色体的概念进行分层教学,有利于学生接受。
4.探究减数分裂过程
提出探究问题:减数分裂怎样进行才能使染色体数量减半且同源染色体分开?
可能的讨论结果:
① 染色体不复制细胞直接分裂一次,染色体均分;
② 染色体复制一次细胞连续分裂两次,第一次分裂是着丝点断裂,第二次分裂是直接分裂,染色体均分;
③ 染色体复制一次细胞连续分裂两次,第一次分裂是同源染色体分开,第二次分裂是着丝点断裂 学生上台用染色体纸质模型和吸铁石摆出讨论结果
教师点评:(表扬学生的想象力)研究表明,只有经过DNA复制后才能启动细胞的分裂,所以不可能为情况①。情况②和③中,与实验相符的是情况③。
总结提问:在减数分裂过程中,染色体复制几次?细胞分裂几次?得到几个子细胞?子细胞染色体数目如何?
染色体数减半和同源染色体分开分别在第几次分裂?
生:染色体复制一次细胞连续分裂两次,得到4个子细胞,子细胞染色体数是母细胞的一半。
生:都在第一次分裂
及时总结讨论结果,有利于学生把握减数分裂的要点。
5.完善减数分裂的概念
过程:染色体复制一次,细胞连续分裂两次。
结果:生殖细胞中的染色体数目是原始生殖细胞中染色体数目的一半。
范围:有性生殖细胞的形成。学生阅读课本上减数分裂的概念。先讲分裂的全过程再讲各个阶段,有利于把握分裂的连续性和阶段性。
6.深入学习减数分裂的过程—精子的形成过程(1)精子的形成部位:睾丸(精巢)的曲细精管中。
(2)精子的形成过程
①播放精子形成过程的flash动画,让学生总体感知精子的形成过程,提示学生注意染色体的行为变化和着丝点的数量变化;
②多媒体分步展示减数分裂的各个阶段,注意讲清细胞名称、同源染色体(从来源上、联会上讲)、非同源染色体、联会、四分体等概念;
③用纸质染色体的排列帮助学生理解非同源染色体的自由组合;
④
联系有丝分裂来理解减数第二次分裂;
⑤文字总结精子的形成过程。
观看精子的形成过程的flash动画
从来源上讲解同源染色体的概念 用图解的方法进一步完善同源染色体的概念,效果形象直观。
7.课堂练习
学生做练习
评价学生的学习结果
了解学生学习情况,以便确定下一步补偿性学习的安排
8.结课
8.高一历史教案 8.2 世界经济的区域集团化 1(人教版必修2) 篇八
Step I. Go over the new words.
Have a dictation to the following words.
teenager, get lost, confident, timetable, wallet, intelligence,
have fun, get used to, adult, junior, instead of, turn into
Step II. Lead-in by a poem
An English poem
Love is like the wild rose-briar,
Friendship like the holly tree
The holly is dark when the rose-briar blooms,
But which will bloom most constantly?
The wild rose-briar is sweet in spring,
It is summer blossoms scent the air,
Yet wait till winter comes again,
And who will call the wild-briar fair?
Then, scorn the silly rose –wreath now,
And the dark thee with holly’s sheen
That, when December blights thy brow
He still may leave the garland green.
Step III. Listen and read the test quickly, judge the following sentences.
1. Li Ming and Jenny have been communicating with each other through letters.
2. Li Ming is pretty good at English.
3. Li Ming and Da zhi are old friends.
4. When writing the letter, Li Ming has been a high school student for month.
5. Jenny feels more creative when she types on the computer.
6. Jenny and Pat are best friends.
7. In Jenny’s opinion, playing sports is a lot of fun and a good way to meet friends.
8. Jenny as well as 5 other girls will have a sleep-over party at School.
Step IV. 1. Ask the students read the text carefully and find out confusing language points and important sentences.
(1) It is always feels good to have friends to share the good times as well as the bad times.
(2) Friendship comes in all shapes, colors, and sizes.
(3) Her parents were not as angry as she had originally thought they would be.
(4) Although it was painful to lose such a close friend, it built me up into the individual person I am.
(5) It seems easier for me to express my thoughts and feelings.
2. Ask the students to ask some questions that they can not understand, then if other students can explain, make them answer. And if no one gives the answer, I will explain the confusing points to them, try my best to make the students learn more and be active.
Step V. Do exercises.
1. ⑴选择做 ________ ⑵需要 ________ ⑶想要做 ________
⑷由……组成 ________ ⑸过一种生活 ________ ⑹从旁边经过 ________
⑺压力重重 ________ ⑻由于,因为 ________ ⑼发生,进行 ________
⑽使某人逐渐成为_______ ⑾ 沉思 ________ ⑿喜欢做 ________
⒀上学 ________ ⒁集中于 ________
2. ⑴As the e_______ to the cinema, I met a friend of mine.
⑵ The news s_______ through the village quickly.
⑶ My father is not much a talker, and he is not good at e______ his feelings.
⑷ The encouraging speech a______ many people’s attention.
⑸ He has born in a w______ family, but he lived a poor life in his late life.
⑹ He is a very famous person, and he is always considered________(有创造力的)
⑺ He made an_________(通知)that he would go to Japan.
⑻ I am sure you will come to______(意识到)your mistakes
⑼ I am happy to have been_______(介绍)to the great scientist.
⑽ Our English teacher asked me to make a _______(相似的) dialogue.
Step VI. Homework
Preview section 2 and section 4
Section 2 and Section 3
Step I. Build the students’ comprehension
1. Have the students discuss the questions in groups of four.
2. Before I divide the class into groups for a short discussion on the this topic, practice the following language patterns.
3. When you agree someone you can use these words.
You are right.
That is true
You have got it
Sometimes you have to agree, but you do not want to. Use these words:
I am afraid I agree with you.
I hate to say it ,but I agree
When you strongly disagree, use these words:
I don’t think so.
I don’t agree
When you do not agree, but you want to speak less strongly, use these following words:
That is true, but there is a better way.
I see what you mean, but don’t you think …..
Let the students see the patterns on the screen, practice orally with the class. Keep the patterns on the screen, so that the students can refer to them when they are in groups discussing the topic.Then check the answer of the practice in this part.
Step II. Build your vocabulary
this can be assigned for homework
(Answers: 1. feel like 2. hate 3. agree with 4.go on the trip 5. feel good
6. choose/ chose)
Step III. Build the listening skills
With books closed, tell the students they will hear the tape once, then will be asked some true or false questions. Review the meaning of true or false.
Play one sentence at a time. After playing the sentence, ask for a volunteer to repeat what was said. If no one heard correctly, play it again. Ask if the statement is true or false.
Open the book to complete the listening activity.
(Answers: Part 1: 1. F 2. F 3. F; Part 2: 1. five 2. talk 3. friends 4. friendly)
Step IV. Build the speaking skills
1. First ask the students to read the dialogue with their desk mates and then ask some of them to act out in the class.
2. Than tell the students about the pronunciations of the vowel.
3. Now check other words on the screen, with each word, ask some students to pounce.
Step V. Build the writing skills
Ask the students to write a composition “my best friend”
Step VI. Grammar: attributive clause
1. 关系代词 who whom 和that
The girl______ is sitting next to me is my best friend.
The girl_______ I met just now is my best friend.
2. that 和which
The book______ I gave to my best friend is popular
The book_______ is popular was given to my best friend
3. whose
Do you know the girl______ name is Mary?
We are studying in the classroom______ door faces south
4. 关系副词 when ,where 和why.
I will never forget the day______ I was born.
I will never forget the place_______ I was born.
The reason_____ he went there is unknown.
Ask the students to study the above part and than ask them to do the exercise in the text book and workbook.
Section Four
Step I. Revision
Go over the following words.
Make friends, express, live a…life, entrance, agree with, type,
Indeed, find out, focus, consist of, wealthy, thanks to, consist of
Entry, thanks to
Step II. Ask the students listen to the type and check the following sentences.
1. At the beginning, the royal bull elephant enjoyed the poorly-fed stray dog’s company.
2. They soon got used to each other’s company.
3. One day, a man bought a dog and took it to a faraway village.
4. The royal bull elephant did not mind the dog’s absence.
5. The wise minister suggested the king make an official announcement to find the elephant.
6. At last the story has a happy ending.
Step III. Make the students read the text carefully and give the answers to the following questions.
1. Did you know that the elephants and dogs were “natural enemies”.
2. Is it impossible for natural enemies to become best friends?
3. What is the moral of this story? In other words, what truth or bit of wisdom does the writer want to show us through the story.
Step IV. Ask the students read the text carefully and find out confusing language points and important sentences. Then ask the students to ask some questions that they can not understand, then if other students can explain, make them answer. And if no one gives the answer, I will explain the confusing points to them, try my best to make the students learn more and be active.
Step V. Exercise
短语翻译:
1. 像往常一样 ____________
2. 使 …..平静 ____________
3. 从旁边经过 ____________
4. 同意某人 ____________
5. 借宿别人 ____________
6. 发现,弄明白 ____________
7. 向…… 敞开大门 ____________
8. ….. 原因 ____________
单句该错:
1.I did not recognize your friend which came to our class.
2.Have you got everything which you need.
3. Can you think of a situation which you may use this expression.
4. She is one of the students who has won the prize money.
5. The doctor always worked heart and soul cured of me.
Step V. Homework
9.高一历史教案 8.2 世界经济的区域集团化 1(人教版必修2) 篇九
*语言知识
1.to talk about friends and friendship, and interpersonal relationship
2.to practise expressing attitudes, agreement and disagreement, and certainty
3.to master some sentences about giving advice
4.to learn to use the Direct Speech and Indirect Speech(1): statements and questions
5.to learn about communication skills
*语言技能和学习策略
1.to develop listening skills by doing exercises in listening task
2.to develop speaking skills by finishing the speaking task and other activities like discussion and oral practice
3.to develop reading skills through the reading materials in this unit
4.to learn to write a letter of advice
*文化意识
1.to know about friend and the real meaning of friend
2.to learn how to get along with others
*情感态度
1.to arouse the interest in learning English
2.to learn to express their feeling of friends and friendship
Teaching key points:
1.how to improve students’ speaking and cooperating abilities
2.learn to use the Direct Speech and Indirect Speech(1):statements and questions
3.master some words and expressions
Teaching difficult points:
1.train the students’ speaking, listening, reading and writing abilities
2.how to improve students’ cooperating abilities
Teaching methods:
Student-focus approach and task-based approach
Learning methods:
Cooperative study
Teaching aids:
Computer
The First Period (Warming up &Speaking)
Teaching aims:
1.to know about different kinds of friendship
2.to learn some words of describing friend and friendship
3.to master some useful words and expressions
Teaching methods:
1.discussing
2.cooperative learning
Teaching materials: Warming up
Teaching procedures:
Step One: Leading-in
1.Free talk: Something about friend and friendship
Ask the Ss to describe one of their friends----their appearance, personality, hobbies, etc.
Qs: What’s your friend like?
What does he/she like to do in his/her spare time?
What personality does he/she have?
Step Two: Discussion
1.Writing the following statement on the blackboard
We all agree that to have a good friend , you need to be a good friend.
2.Ask the Ss:
What do you think of this statement and how can you be a good friend?
Let the Ss express their views
3. Have the Ss get into groups of four to list some qualities of a person they would like as a friend.
Ss may list: honest, friendly, open-minded, generous, helpful, patient, good-tempered, trustworthy, careful, full of love, caring, responsible, interesting, brave, easygoing, outgoing, warm-hearted, kind, selfness, tolerant, intelligent…
4. Have a member of each group report on what their lists have and list them on the blackboard
5. Ask the class whether or not they agree with all the qualities listed
Step Three: Doing the survey and explanation
1.Have the Ss do the survey in the textbook and let them work out their score.
2.Teacher explain each item
Question 1 deal with how thoughtful you are towards others. The scoring reflects your concern for others. So one point for A gets the lowest score because it is the most selfish response. B get the highest score because it show a concern for your friend as well as your wish to go to see a film. C gets a slightly lower score because although it shows you want to go with your friend (because you change the plan), you do not help your friend.
Question 2 is concerned with fairness. A gets the lowest score because you are not giving your friend another chance to behave better this time. B gets a higher score because you let your friend borrow the camera again. This shows kindness and forgiveness or the trouble you had when it was returned broken. But you are not balancing his heeds against your own. That is why C gets the highest score. You are showing your friend that you will trust him/her with the camera again but this time you are giving him / her rules in case it gets broken.
Question 3 deals with your concern for others. A get the lowest score because you would put anything else that needed to be done aside and concentrate only on your friend. This is not responsible. You have things that you need to do. Of course your friend is important but not more important than you responsibilities. B gets a higher score because it shows some concern for your friend and some understanding that you have important things to do too. But it does not show any real interest in his / her problem. C get the highest score because it not only shows concern for your friend but a recognition that you have responsibilities too.
Question 4 is concerned with responsibilities to a friend. A provides the correct amount of responsibility to your friend. You recognize that it was your fault and will put it right and pay for the damage. So it gets the highest score. B provides some understanding that you are responsible. You put the situation right but you do not pay for the damage yourself. So it does not get the highest score. C gets the lowest score because you expect your friend to pay for your mistakes even though you were doing your friend a favour.
Question 5 is concerned with honesty. If you let your friend look at your paper or somebody else’s paper, you are helping them to cheat. That is not honest, so answers A and C get no marks. But it takes courage to tell your friend that they should have studied and that they cannot look at your paper. That is also the honest answer. So you get 6 points for B, which is more than any other in the quiz.
Step Four: Language points
Teacher explain language points with some slides
1.add v.
1) to put together with something else so as to increase the number, size, importance, etc. 增加,
添加
eg. Please add something to what I’ve said, John.
2) to join numbers, amount, etc so as to find the total
eg. Add up these figure for me, please.
常用结构:
add up / together sth. 把…加起来,合计
add sth. to sth. 把…加到/进
add to (=increase) 增加了…
add up to 合计,共计
add in 包括…,算进
2.pay to get it repaired 花钱让人去修理
3.upset adj. worried; annoyed 不安的;使心烦意乱的
v. cause to worry, to be sad, to be angry, not to be calm, etc. 使不安;使心烦意乱
eg. He was upset when he heard the news.
His cheating in the exam upset his teacher.
4.ignore vt. to pay no attention to sth. 忽视;对…不予理睬
eg. Ignore the child if he misbehaves and he’ll stop soon.
ignorant adj.无知的;不知的 ignorance n. 无知;愚昧
5. calm vt. to make sth./ sb. become quiet 使镇静;使平静
adj. not excited, nervous or upset 镇静的;沉着的
calm down 镇静;平静
calm down sb.=calm sb. Down 使某人镇静
sb. calm down(vi.) 某人平静下来
eg. The excited girl quickly calmed down.
He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.
6.have got to do sth.(口语)=have to do sth. 不得不做某事;必须做某事
eg. Since you’re no longer a child now, you have got to make money to support the family.
*have got to在变疑问句或否定句时,不再另加助动词,而have to则须加助动词do.
have got to前不用情态动词,而have to前则可以。如:
eg. Have you got to writ an assignment for your teacher?
7.be concerned about / for : be worried about
eg. We’re all concerned about her safety.
8.cheat vt.
1) to act in a dishonest way in order to win 欺骗;作弊
eg. Any student caught cheating will have to leave the classroom.
2) to take from (someone) in a dishonest way 骗;骗取
eg. They cheated the old woman (out) of her money by making her sign a document she didn’t understand.
n.1) an act of cheating 作弊行为
2) one who cheats 骗子
Step Five: Speaking
1.Get the Ss to work in groups of 4.
2.Ask the Ss to use the questionnaire in Warming up as an example and discuss about designing questions.
3.Follow the steps in this part and start the discussion like this:
A: Now let us design a questionnaire to find out what kind of friend one is.
B: OK. First we must think of four questions and three possible answers to each question.
C: What about the first question? Have you got one in mind?
D: Suppose your friend has taken away your book by mistake. What will you do or say to him / her?
…
4. Teacher go around in the classroom and check their discussion.
Step Six: Assignments
1.Ask Ss to consider the following question;
What is / are the most important quality / qualities that a friend needs to have?
2. Prepare for Reading
The Second and Third Period
(reading and language points)
Teaching aims:
1.to know about the story of Anne’s Diary
2.to promote the Ss’ abilities of reading comprehension
3.to learn about the following words and expressions:
radon; list; go through; hide away; set down; a series of; outdoors; crazy; spellbound; on purpose; dare; happen to do sth.; It’s the first time that…
Teaching methods:
1.reading and discussion
2.cooperative learning and speaking
Teaching materials: Reading, Comprehending
Teaching procedures:
Step One: Leading-in
Ask their opinions on the question mentioned in the assignment of last period.
Step Two: Pre-reading
Let the Ss think about the questions in Pre-reading, and express their own views to the whole class.
Step Three: Reading
1.Ask the Ss to look at the pictures and the heading, guess what the text might be about.
2.Get the Ss to skim the passage and answer the following questions:
What’s Anne’s best friend?
What does her diary mainly talk about?
(1. Anne’s best friend is her diary. 2. It’s about Anne’s feeling of hiding away. She especially missed going outside and enjoying nature.
3.Let the Ss read the passage and discuss the following questions:
1)Imagine what it might be like if they had to stay in their bedroom for a whole year. You could not leave it even to go to the WC or get a cup of tea. How would they feel?
2)If you are only allowed to have five things with you in the hiding place because there is very little room, what would you choose?
3)Try to guess why the windows had to stay closed.
4)Guess the meanings of the word “crazy” and “spellbound” according to the context.
Step Four: Discussing the style
Ask the Ss:
1.What do you think is the purpose of this passage? Why did Anne write it?
2.Do you think it is successful? Do you understand Anne’s feelings?
3.What is Anne’s tone? In other words, is the author angry, sad, happy or thrilled?
4.What is Anne’s point of view? Do you agree with it? If so, why? If not, why not?
Step Five: Listen to the text and comprehend it
Step Six: Language points
1. go through
1)to examine carefully 仔细阅读或研究
eg. I went through the students’ papers last night.
2)to experience 经历;遭受或忍受
eg. You really don’t know what we went through while working on this project.
2. hide away
3)vi. to go somewhere where you hope you will not be seen or found 躲避;隐匿
hide away +地点
eg. The thief hid away in a friends’ house for several weeks after the robbery.
4)to put or keep sth. /sb. in a place where they / it can’t be seen or found 藏;隐蔽
hide away sth. / hide sth. away
eg. Why do you hide your thoughts away from me?
3. set down
5)write down 写下;记下
eg. I’ll set down the story as it was told to me.
6)put down 放下;搁下
set down sth. /set sth. down
eg. He set down a basket on the ground.
4. series n.(单复数同形)
a series of 一连串的;一系列的
5 .crazy adj.
7)mad, foolish 疯狂的;愚蠢的
It is crazy of sb. to do sth. = sb be crazy to do sth.
eg. It’s crazy to go out in such hot weather.
8)wildly excited; very interested 狂热的;着迷的
grow / be crazy about sb. / sth.
eg. The boys are crazy about the girl singer.
9)like crazy 发疯似的;拼命地
eg. He talked like crazy; I couldn’t understand what he said.
6. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that ….
*I wonder if / whether…
eg. I wonder if you can help me?
*It’s because …
it is 后的表原因的从句中,只能用because来引导, 不能用since或as.
eg. Why did you go to school on foot?
It is because my bike had broken.
7. spellbind v. to hold the complete attention of 吸引人,迷人;使入迷
eg. The children watched spellbound as the magician took rabbits from his hat.
9.stay v. to continue to be in a particular state or situation
系动词,表是状态。后跟名词或形容词,不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
eg. He stayed single all his life.
10. on purpose
1) 故意地 (反义:by chance / accident)
eg. I think she lost the key on purpose.
2) on purpose to do sth. 为了要…而特地
eg. He went to town on purpose to sell one of his paintings.
10.far adv. “过于;…得多” ,表示程度,经常与too或形容词、副词的比较级连用。
eg. She speaks English far better than I.
This room is far too warm.
cf. very, much, far
11.dare 1) modal. v. 多用于否定句、疑问句、条件状语从句、whether (if)等名词性从句或有否定意义的句中,后接动词原形。没有人称和数的变化,其时态只有现在时和过去时。否定式在其后加not.
eg. How dare he say such a word!
If you dare do that again, you’ll be punished.
2) vt. 敢,胆敢。有人称、数和时态的变化。在否定句和疑问句中,dare后的to可保留也可省略。
eg. I wonder how he dare to day such words.
12.happen to do sth.
It so (just) happened that…
不能用于进行时态。
eg. I happened to be out when he came.
= It so happened that I was out when he came.
13.It’s the first time that…
eg. It is the first time that I have seen the sea.
Step Seven: Comprehending
Get the Ss to do the exercises in this part.
Step Eight: Consolidation
Listen to the text again to appreciate it.
Step Nine: Assignments
1.Read the key sentences in the text
2.do the exercises on WB (Page 41-42)
The Fourth Period (Listening)
Teaching aims:
to train and develop listening skills by listening to the listening exercises in this unit
Teaching methods:
Listening and speaking
Teaching materials: listening parts on Page 6 and Page 41 and Page 43
Teaching procedures:
Step One: Revision
Check the answers to the homework
Step Two: Listening
1.Listen to the exercises on Page 6
2.Guess the words by listening to the tape and write them down
Step Three: Listening to the passage
Fill in the blanks on Page 41
Step Four: Speaking
Listen to the tape and discuss questions in groups of four, express your own views.
Step Five: Listening task
1.Discuss with the Ss whether they always do what their parents tell them.
2.Have the Ss listen to the passage.
3.Fill in the table
4.Work in pairs to give some advice to Anne
Step Six: Assignments
1.Do the exercises on Page 42 ( Ex 1,2)
2.Revise the Object Clause
The Fifth Period (Discovering Useful Structures)
Teaching aims:
Let the Ss use the Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
Teaching methods:
1.discovery learning
2.cooperative learning
Teaching materials: Page 5
Teaching procedures:
Step One: Revision
1. Check the homework with the Ss
2. Revise the Object clause
Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences.
1.I go to school by bike. (He said…)
2.Will you forget to do your homework? (Mary asked him…)
3.When did you come here? (They asked me…)
4.What has he said? (Do you know…)
5.Anne is watching TV now. ( Mother told me …)
Step Two: discovering useful structures
1.Present some sentences for Ss
1)My friend says, “I will come here tomorrow?”
如果此时此地,你来转述,应该说:
My friend says she / he will come here tomorrow?
如果时间变了,地点不变,你来转述,应该说:
My friend said she / he would come here the next day.
如果地点变了, 时间还是今天,你来转述,应该说:
My friend sayd she / he will go there tomorrow.
如果时间地点都变了, 你来转述,应该说:
My friend said She / he would go there the next day.
如果由别人转述,时间地点都变了,应该说:
He/ She said he /she would go there the next day.
*使用直接引语和间接引语要注意具体语境。
2)“Do you go to the park yesterday?” He asked me.
He asked me if / whether I went to the park the day before.
3) Kate said to John, “What’s your favourite food?”
Kate asked John what his favourite food was.
2.Get the Ss to have a look at Part 1 in “Discovering useful structures” and sum up this grammar point.
人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等的变化。
Step Three: Practice
1.Do the first tow sentences in Part 2 as examples.
2.Check the answers together.
Step Four: Assignments
1.Wb, Page 42, 43 (Individual, Groups)
2.Prepare for Reading on Page 44
The Sixth Period (Reading)
Teaching aims:
1.to learn about friendship in Hawaii
2.to promote the Ss’ abilities of reading comprehension
3.to learn about the following words and expressions:
way; the second important; It’s believed that…; in peace; those who …; etc.
Teaching methods:
1.reading and discussion
2.cooperative learning and speaking
Teaching methods: Reading (Page 44)
Teaching procedures:
Step One: Leading-in
1.Ask the Ss if they can think of any place in the world where Chinese and Western cultures live side by side.
(Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, the Philippines, San Francisco, etc.)
Step Two: Reading
1.Get the Ss to read the passage and try to finish the table in Ex1.
2.Read the passage carefully again and discuss the questions in Ex2.
3.Report their discussion
Step Three: Listening to the text and comprehend it
Step Four: Language points
1.the way to do sth. / the way of doing sth.
2.the second most important
the second + adj.(最高级)
the third + adj. (最高级)
eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
China is the third largest country in the world.
3.to enjoy the land = in order to enjoy the land
eg. To make the w8th Olympic Games the game ever, Beijing will make several changes.
* to do和 in order to do可以置于句首、句末,而 so as to do只能置于句末。
4.Indeed, Hawaii is a place where ….small communities.
5.It’s believed that the islands can be a paradise ….
It’s believed that …= People believe that …
eg. It’s believed that they arrived more than 30,000 years ago.
6.in peace
7.… they are really talking about all those who live on the islands.
those who…=people who … “凡…的人”
eg. The teacher praised those who had done good deeds.
We find it our duty to help those who are in trouble.
8.Living in peace, Hawaiians has developed …
现在分词短语作原因状语,相当于 As they are living in peace.
9.Perhaps this is how most visitors will remember their new friendship.
Step Five: Listening to the text and enjoy it
The Seventh Period (Speaking Task and Writing)
Teaching aims:
1.to develop Ss’ speaking ability and learn to express their own views
2.enable Ss to write a letter of advice
Teaching methods:
1.tasked-based learning
2.speaking
Teaching procedures:
Step One: Speaking task
Task One: Ex1 (Page 45)
1.Get the Ss to work in pairs, have them read the situations and choose one to discuss.
2.Ask the Ss to present their dialogue.
Task Two: Ex2 (Page 45-46)
1.Ask the Ss to look at the pictures.
2.Work in groups of four and talk about whether they are doing is cool or not.
3.Try to express their own views to the whole class.
Step Two: Writing
Task One: Ask the Ss to write a letter of advice
1.Get the S to read the letter on Page 7 and understand it.
2.Ask the Ss to work in pairs and talk about how to answer the letter.
3.Write the letter in reply down.
Task Two: Ask the Ss to write a passage about their opinions on friend and friendship
1.Read the proverbs carefully.
2.Write a passage to express their own opinions.
Step Three: Assignments
1.Fill in the form in Sum up (Page 8)
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