大学英语虚拟语气练习

2024-11-14

大学英语虚拟语气练习（共8篇）（共8篇）

1.大学英语虚拟语气练习篇一

虚拟语气练习题

用所给动词的适当形式填空： Part A.1.If people ______(drive)more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make)so many mistakes.3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____(tie)it up.4.If I had known you already _____(have)a typewriter, I _____(not, buy)one for your birthday.5.If he _____(be)here this afternoon I would go with him.6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone).7.But for your help, we ______(not be)able to finish the work in time.8.If it _____(not, be)for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much.9.I wish I _____(study)hard while I was young.10.It is about time that fence ______(mend).11.My request is that we ______(hold)another session to discuss the problem.12.It is strange that the car _____(break)down at exactly the same place where it _____(break)down yesterday.13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand)what his mother _____(say).14.He talked as if he _____(do)all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do)most of it.15.If only we _____(have)a phone!I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box.16.-----“Can we come in late tomorrow?”-----“I’d rather you _____(come)in on time.” 17.He looks as if he _____(be)ill for a long time.18.He always talks as though he ______(address)a public meeting.19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand.20.I _____(stay)home if it rains this evening.Part B.1.She would call you immediately if she _____(need)help.2.If I had seen the movie, I _____(tell)you all about it now.3.If he _____(decide)earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight.4._______ I _____(take)my umbrella with me when I _____(come)out this morning, I _____(not be)so wet now.5.If you had listened to me, you _____(not be)in such trouble now.6.I wish they _____(stop)making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work.7.It is inconceivable that he _____(not see)me that day for I ______(wave)to her.8.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut)down.9.Mr.Jones would rather _____(stay)home last night.10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work)in the same department as he does.11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be)a fluid.12.We _____(invite)her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, come)back from abroad.13.Today’s industrial production ______(be)impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics.14.I hate driving.I’d much rather you _____(drive).15.The guests ______(arrive)last night, but there is still no news about them.16.Mother_____(feel)anxious if I came home late.17.Even if I ______(be)with you then, I ______(can, not, do)much for you.1 18.A less conscientious man ______(not, try)so hard to get this job done.19.Do you wish that you ______(have)a sister like her? 20.Isn’t it surprising that he ______(have)two car accidents during the past week?

选择题：

1.If I _______ you, I’d join the army.A.am

B.was

C.were

D.would be 2.“If the sun ______ tomorrow, what would we do?”

A.will not rise

B.would not rise

C.did not rise

D.does not rise 3.If you ______ to see Mary, what would you tell her?

A.are

B.will be going

C.must

D.were 4.I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______ your brother.A.could see

B.had seen

C.will see

D.will have seen 5.If you had wanted to buy a record, what ________? A.would you buy

B.had you bought C.would you have bought

D.would you be buying 6.If the tablets had dissolved, John ______.A.would probably die

B.had probably died C.probably would be died

D.would probably have died 7.________ if you had lost your watch? A.Hadn’t you been upset

B.Wouldn’t you be upset C.Weren’t you upset

D.Wouldn’t you have upset 8.-----“I was so sorry to hear about Jack.”

-----“If he had made more friends here, he might ________.”

A.have stayed

B.have stay

C.stayed

D.stay 9.If I had a bike, I ______ it to you yesterday.A.would have lent

B.would lend C.would have lend

D.could lend 10.____________, John would not have failed.A.If he has listened to me

B.Had he listened to me

C.If he listened to me

D.As he listened to me 11.Had Alice been more hardworking, she ________.A.had not failed

B.would not have failed

C.would not fail

D.could not be failed 12.-----“Steve made a reservation already.”

-----“______ he change his mind, he can cancel it.”

A.Should

B.Would

C.If

D.So 13.I wished it _______ but it did.A.occurred not

B.did not accur C.had not occurred

D.would not occur 14.I _______ Professor Jones had taught me this equation.A.believe

B.deeply think

C.wish

D.suppose 15.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _____ around the earth.2

A.circles

B.is circling

C.be circling

D.were circling 16.The computer “teacher” was talking with his students as though it ______ a human teacher.A.was

B.were

C.had been

D.be 17.Jane appears as though she _______ the secret.A.knows

B.knew

C.has known

D.had known 18.If only she _______ of Aunt Ruth!

A.was not terribly so frightened

B.were not terribly so frightened

C.be not so terribly frightened

D.were not so terribly frightened 19.-----“I think that the Smiths were embarrassed by Jane’s generosity.”

-----“She insisted ______ it as a gift.”

A.no them to accept

B.their accepting

C.that they accept

D.that they accepted 20.The chairman requested that __________.A.the members studied the problem more carefully

B.the problem were more carefully studied

C.the problem could be studied with more care

D.the members study the problem more carefully 21.-----“Did Kathy have any ideas for Jim?”

-----“She suggested that he ______ a card with all of our names on it.”

A.send

B.sends

C.to send

D.sending 22.The idea is that we _______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.A.will send

B.had sent

C.send

D.be sent 23.It is necessary that this machine-tool _______ every day.A.be oiled

B.oil

C.is to be oiled

D.oiled 24.-----“That’s a beautiful coat in the window.”

-----“It certainly is.If I had the money ______ buy it.”

A.I’d

B.I’ll

C.I may

D.I shall 25.-----“Why didn’t you help him?”

-----“I would have ______ I didn’t have the money.”

A.if

B.and

C.but

D.otherwise 26.Jill would rather we _______ now, but we must go to work.A.not leave

B.had not left

C.didn’t leave

D.not to be left 27.I’d just as soon ________ those important papers with you.A.that you won’t take

B.your not taking

C.please don’t you take

D.you didn’t take 28.The housemaster was very strict.He asked that we ______ television on week nights.A.not watch

B.not be watching

C.must not watch

D.should not have watched 29.I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ________.A.him calling me

B.that he would call me

C.him to call me

D.that he call me 3 30.__________ at the price list, he’d have known what to expect.A.Had Mr.Robinson looked

B.If Mr.Robinson looked

C.If Mr.Robinson would have looked

D.Had Mr.Robinson been looking 31.-----“Shall I open the window?”

-----“I’d rather _________.”

A.you had better not

B.you don’t

C.you shouldn’t

D.you didn’t 32.-----“Did you have to go to court?”

-----“No, I didn’t, but I would ______ if my lawyer hadn’t been so good.”

A.had

B.have

C.be

D.do

33.If Peter had enough money, he _______ on the trip to Los Angeles.A.would have gone

B.went

C.had gone

D.would go

34.If you had been in Shanghai last month, you ________ the game.A.had seen

B.have seen

C.had been seen

D.would have seen 35.If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d ______ there by now.A.be

B.get

C.have got at

D.have been

36.If the Watergate Incident _______ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A.had not occurred

B.did not occur

C.was not occurring

D.would not occur 37.Alan _______ the party if he’d gone to London.A.would have missed

B.had missed

C.could miss

D.missed 38.-----“Your pictures are beautiful!”

-----“We _______ more if we hadn’t run out of film.”

A.would take

B.had taken

C.will have taken

C.would have taken 39.Peter wishes that he ________ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.had studied

B.studied

C.could study

D.would study 40.-----“I couldn’t talk to Mrs.Khandary very well, because my Arabic isn’t very good yet.”

-----“_________ there, he would have been able to interpret for you.”

A.If John were

B.John had been

C.Had John been

D.Were John 41.___________, Gerald would have been a rich man.A.Was he to enter business

B.Were he entered business

C.Had he entered business

D.If he was to enter business 42._________, we shall go on a picnic.A.Should the weather be fine

B.If the weather were fine

C.Had the weather been fine

D.Were the weather to be fine 4 43.-----“I wish I ________ the orientation program yesterday.”

-----“It’s too bad that you _________.We met a lot of people.”

A.had attended …didn’t

B.had attended …hadn’t

C.attended … didn’t

D.could attend … haven’t 44.-----“Do you want me to lend you some money?”

-----“I wish you __________, I can pay you back next week.”

A.should

B.did

C.might

D.would 45.The picture exhibition bored me to death.I wish I _______ to it.A.had not gone

B.have not gone

C.did not go

D.could not have gone 46.If their passport _______ all right, they _______ arrested.A.were … wouldn’t be

B.had been … wouldn’t have been

C.are… mustn’t be

D.should be … wouldn’t be 47.If only I _________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A.had known

B.would know

C.should know

D.knew 48.The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket ______ over it.A.had been thrown

B.were thrown

C.be thrown

D.had thrown 49.He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _________.A.was far away

B.had been far away

C.were far away

D.went far away 50.If I had only read all the books before I ________ the lecture!

A.would have attended

B.attended

C.had attended

D.have attended 51.I would have been able to help him, but I _______ so busy.A.were

B.had been

C.was

D.would be 52.-----“Where have you been?”

-----“I got caught in the traffic;_______ I would have been here sooner.”

A.however

B.although

C.anyway

D.otherwise 53.It is desirable that the airplane _______ as light as possible.A.was

B.be

C.is

D.were 54.I _______ do that if I were given the choice.A.would rather not

B.would not rather

C.rather not

D.had rather not 55.Everybody has arrived.It’s time we _________.A.would start

B.shall start

C.started

D.had start 56.-----“Mrs.Williams can speak Japanese.”

-----“But she would rather _______ English with us.”

A.speak

B.spoke

C.to speak

D.had spoken 57.John would rather that Jane _______ to the party yesterday evening.A.did not go

B.not go

C.had not gone

D.wouldn’t gone 58.-----“What’s the matter with Harry?”

-----“I don’t know, but he certainly looks ______ he had lost his best friend.”

A.that

B.so that

C.like

D.as if 59.His advice has made the design better than it ________.A.would otherwise have been

B.would be otherwise

C.has otherwise be

D.had otherwise been 60.-----“I’m surprised to learn that you’re going back.”

-----“Yes, I had hoped that I _______ have to go back again, but I must.”

A.didn’t

B.wouldn’t

C.won’t

D.mustn’t

辨认并改正错误：

1.I should be most happy to go down with you but I was very busy right then.(have been)2.If her great grandfather would have lived three more days he would have been 100 years old.(had lived)3.If George Washington were president today, I would have wondered what he would do about the United States’ foreign affairs in the Middle East.(wonder)4.It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the examination.(study)5.He gave orders that the horses were made ready at once as he was pressed for time.(should be)6.The scientist thinks it necessary that all the inventions of mankind must be used for good, not for evil.(should)7.We felt like we had lost a friend when the foreman along with his four assistants was unfairly discharged.(felt as if)8.If you went to last night’s game, I am sure that you would have enjoyed seeing our team win.(had been to)9.If you have been living here since 1956, isn’t it about time you start to look for somewhere nicer to live?(started)10.The law I am referring to requires that everyone who owns a car has accident insurance.(have)11.I would rather that they did not travel during the bad weather, but they insist that they must return home today.(should)12.The political candidate talked as though she has already been elected to the presidency.(had)13.If a crisis was to occur, those unfamiliar with the procedures would not know how to handle the situation.(were)14.Many dead people would now be alive if they did not attempt to return for something.(had not attempted)15.Only if Albert had told me before last Friday, I would have given him some help, but now it’s too late.(If only)16.If Monique had not attended the conference, she would never meet her old friend Dan whom she had not seen for years.(have met)17.If I brought with me a camera when the accident happened yesterday I might have taken a picture of it myself.(had brought)18.How I wish John knew how to apply grammatical rules properly and recognize the fact that he is nearly always in the wrong!(recognized)19.If John were to resign and if Henry were elected to take his place we should have had more vigorous leadership.(删除)20.You may prefer to travel by plane, but if the weather is bad, you might have to use the train instead.(may)

翻译下列句子：

1．我要是有你这样一个姐姐多好！

2．我们万一不能及时完成这个任务怎么办？

3．要不是明天有测验我今天晚上就去听音乐会了。

4．有人建议我们举行一次讲演比赛。

5．你其实可以让我帮助你的。

6．现在是认真研究这个问题的时候了。

7．真遗憾他竟然忘记通知你们这件事了。

8．如果她不是一直刻苦练习，她的钢琴就不可能弹得这么好。

9.他不太注意学习方法，要不然他就不会落在别人后面。

10.他看起来好像是刚睡醒似的。

11.对这些学生的全部要求是努力学习，遵守规章制度。

12.他昨天非常忙，否则他就来参加我们的联欢会（get-together）了。

Key: 用所给动词的适当形式填空： Part A:

1.drove

2.wouldn’t have made

3.had tied

4.have / would not have bought 5.should be / were / were to be

6.would be postponed

7.wouldn’t have been 8.were not

9.had studied

10.were mended

11.(should)hold 12.should have broken / broke

13.had understood / said 14.had done / did

15.had

16.came

17.had been 18.were addressing

19.is heated

20.will stay Part B: 1.should need / needed

2.would tell

3.had decided

4.had / taken / came / would not be

5.would not be

6.would stop 7.should not have seen / waved

8.be cut

9.have stayed 10.worked

11.were

12.would have invited / had already come 13.would be

14.drove

15.should have arrived

16.would feel 17.had been / could not have done

18.would not have tried 19.had

20.should have had

选择题：

1.C

2.C

3.D

4.B

5.C

6.D

7.B

8.A

9.A

10.B

11.B

12.A

13.C

14.C

15.D

16.B

17.B

18.D

19.C

20.D 21.A

22.C

23.A

24.A

25.C

26.C

27.D

28.A

29.B

30.A 31.D

32.B

33.D

34.D

35.A

36.A

37.A

38.D

39.A

40.C 41.C

42.A

43.A

44.D

45.A

46.B

47.D

48.A

49.C

50.B 51.C

52.D

53.B

54.A

55.C

56.A

57.C

58.D

59.A

60.B

1.If only I had a sister like you!2.What if we could not fulfill the plan in time? 3.If it were not for the test tomorrow, I would go to the concert tonight.4..It is suggested that we(should)hold a speech contest.5.You might have asked me to lend you a hand.6..It is time we studied this problem seriously.7.What a pity that they should have forgotten to tell you about it!8。If she had not practiced hard, she wouldn’t play the piano so well.9.He doesn’t pay much attention to study methods;otherwise he wouldn’t have fallen behind the others.10.He looks as if he just woke up(or: awakened)11.All that is required of the students is that they should study hard and obey the discipline.12.He was very busy yesterday.Otherwise he would have come to our get-together.

2.大学英语虚拟语气练习篇二

本文试图从传统语法和可能世界的角度对所谓的虚拟语气进行分析。研究表明, 虽然传统语法家对英语中虚拟语气有无提出了独到的见解, 也有一定的说服力, 但它主要是从“现实世界”的角度来解释, 即以“现在”为基点, 来探讨发生在过去, 现在, 或将来的事, 历年的语法家都跳不出这个模式。相反, “可能世界”的提出则打破了这一模式, 在可能世界模式下加入了“体”的概念, 将时制和体貌结合起来, 这样相对于传统语法来说对英语中虚拟语气有无的分析研究更全面, 透彻。虽然两者在分析的方法, 应用的理论上有所区别, 但得出的结论却是一致的, 即英语中不存在虚拟语气。一些语法家所谓的虚拟语气要么可以用动词的第二人称现在时态形式, 和与真实性的距离来解释, 要么可以用可能世界来解释。因此, 本文认为, 无论是从传统语法角度还是从可能世界角度分析, 英语中是不存在虚拟语气的。

二、从传统语法的角度分析虚拟语气的有无

传统的语法学家主要是从英语动词过去时的语法实质和现在虚拟式两个方面否定在英语中存在所谓的虚拟语气。

1.英语动词过去时的语法实质。M.Joos (1960) 首次提到了过去时态的实质是距离性 (remoteness) , 该观点也得到了F.R.Palmer (1974) 的证实, 认为我们所说的非真实性和过去时态中过去时间的使用实质上一致的, 而过去时态实际上指的是“距离性”时态, 此处的距离指的是时间和真实性上的距离。该观点揭露了英语动词过去时态的实质并且把表面上互不相干的过去时态都统一到了“距离性”这一语法意义中。我们可以看到在前面章节中提到的英语中所谓的虚拟语气形式除了be型以外或多或少都跟过去时态相关, 它们不是表示普通的与现在“时间上的距离”, 而是与现实之间“真实性上的距离”。

2.现在虚拟式。根据Quirk (1985) 认为所谓的现在虚拟式不是一种特殊的语法范畴, 而是祈使句的一种形式或是动词现在时的第二人称形式。易仲良 (1999) 也认为所谓的现在虚拟语气和祈使语气除了具体用法上的差异并无语法意义上的本质区别, 它与祈使语气同形又同“义”, 从而失去了作为语气范畴中一个对立项存在的“形义”统一的基础。

综上所述, 我们认为传统语法学家提出的英语中所谓的虚拟语气是不存在的。它们的全部形式或与陈述语气的某些形式或与祈使语气的形式完全相同, 从而违反了语法范畴的基本原则, 这些所谓的虚拟语气形式要么可以用“与真实性距离”来解释, 要么可以转化成祈使句或是动词现在时的第二人称形式。

三、从可能世界的角度分析虚拟语气的有无

对于大多数的传统语法家而言, 他们对于虚拟语气有无的研究主要是基于“现实世界”, 即以“现在”为基点, 来探讨发生在过去, 现在, 或将来的事情。然而其他的语言学家如Lewis与Stalnaker则采用“可能世界”的假设, 结合“时态”和“体”以及“三分法”的概念来探讨英语中虚拟语气的有无。

1. Lewis-Stalnaker模型。在分析虚拟语气之前, 我们先来了解一下Lewis-Stalnaker模型。根据Lewis-Stalnaker模型, “Ifα, wouldβ”形式的条件句只有在满足以下三个条件, 才会在现实世界“W”中为真。

(ⅰ) α is true in W ;

(ⅱ) α is true in some possible worlds that resemble W;

(ⅲ) β is also true in those possible worlds

此处的三个条件也可以呈现为以下形式:

[[Would]] (P<i, <s, t>>) (Q<i, <s, t>>) (W) =1 iff

(ⅰ) P (ti) is true in W;

(ⅱ) P (ti) is true in some possible worlds that resemble W;

(ⅲ) Q (ti) is also true in those possible worlds.

在这种模式中, 非真实性条件句分为三个部分:would (ifclause) (consequence clause) , 其中, would是算子, if clause是限制域, consequence clause是核心域。这就是所谓的“三分法”。

2. 从可能世界解释所谓的“虚拟语气”。本章主要是试图从可能世界的角度来解释Quirk (1985) 等提出的be型和were型虚拟语气。

(1) Be型虚拟语气

先看下面一个例子

1) Happiness attend you!

该例句表达的是说话者的一种期望, 所以也可以表达成“I wish that happiness would attend you”。根据LewisStalnaker模型, 我们可以把其中的happiness would attend you理解为μ (tⅰ) ( 其中μ (tⅰ) = P (ti) ) , 而I wish that happinesswould attend you理解为Q (ti) , 其中如果μ (tⅰ) 在W中为真的话, 那么在和W类似的可能世界里Q (ti) 也应该为真。主要表现为以下形式:

[[φ-be]] (μ<i. <s, t>) (Q<i. <s, t>) (w) =1 iff

(ⅰ) μ (tⅰ) is true in W

(ⅱ) μ (tⅰ) is true in some possible worlds that resemble W

(ⅲ) Q (ti) is also true in those possible worlds

其中由于be模型表达的是一种状态, 因此在此处它是属于一种“默认体”, 而不是所谓的虚拟语气形式。

(2) Were型虚拟语气

先看下面一个例子

2) If I were you I should painted it green.

其中, 如果我们把“I were you”理解为P (ti) , “Ishould painted it green”理解为Q (ti) , P (ti) 在可能世界为真, 那么Q (ti) 也应该为真。主要表现在以下形式:

[[Should]] (P<i, <s, t>>) (Q<i, <s, t>>) (W) =1 iff

(ⅰ) P (ti) is true in W

(ⅱ) P (ti) is true in some possible worlds that resemble W

(ⅲ) Q (ti) is also true in those possible worlds

因为其中were表达的是发生在过去的状态, 所以此处它属于一种“完成体”, 也不是所谓的虚拟语气。

四、小结

总的来说, 本文从传统语法和可能世界两个角度分析了英语中所谓的虚拟语气, 虽然二者在理论和分析方法上不同, 但都得出一致的结论, 那就是在英语中不存在虚拟语气。所谓的“虚拟语气”可以用传统语法提出的“与真实性距离”来解释, 或者可以转化成祈使句或是动词现在时的第二人称形式, 或者是用可能世界提出的“默认体”和“完成体”来解释。

参考文献

[1]Palmer, F.R.The English Verb[M].London:Longman Group Limited, 1974.

[2]Stalnaker, Robert.1968.A Theory of Conditionals[A].In N.Resher (Ed) , Studies in Logical Theory[C].135-164.Oxford:Blackwell.

[3]Lewis, David.1973.Counterfactuals[M].Cambridge Mass:Harvard University Press.

[4]Joos, Martin.1960.The English Verb, Form and Meaning[M].

[5]Quirk, R.et al.A Comprehensive Grammar of the English L an2 guage[M].Longman Group Limited, 1985.

3.英语虚拟语气用法易错点分析篇三

一、主语从句的以下两个句式中，虚拟语气的用法：

1, It be + 形容词 + that +… ( should ) …

用于这个句式的形容词有：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, strange, surprising, proper, natural, funny等等。

如：

It is necessary that we (should) return the book to the library on time.（我们及时将书归还给图书馆是十分必要的。）

It is strange that he (should) have done things like that. （真奇怪，他竟然出做那样的事情。）

例题分析：

It is important that the teacher____________student’s achievement in the course they chose.

A. will confirmB. confirmC. would confirmD. must confirm

分析：答案为B，句意为“教师充分肯定学生在所选课程中获得的成绩是十分重要的”。这是一个含有形容词important的主语从句的句式，该从句的谓语动词要用should + do的形式，should可以省略，所以答案是B。

2, It be + 过去分词 + that +… ( should ) …

用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“命令，建议，要求”等动词的过去分词。如：ordered, desired, suggested, proposed, required等。

这种句式表示的是事实，表示说话人对于此事实感到惊奇、不相信、理应如此等的意思。此时，可以用虚拟语气。即：主语从句的谓语用should加上动词原形。should此时可以省略。

如：

It was ordered by the officials that no soldiers (should) go into the building.（长官下了命令任何士兵都不可以进入这座大楼。）

It was proposed that the sports meeting (should) not be put off. （有人建议不要推迟运动会的日期）

例题分析：

It has been suggested that Ann________the house.

A. can sellB. sells C. sellD. sold

分析：答案为C。句意为“有人建议Ann卖掉这所房子”。这是一个含有过去分词suggested的被动语态和主语从句的句式，所以该主语从句的谓语要使用should + do的形式，should可以省略，所以答案是C。

二、如果宾语从句之前的谓语动词suggest 和 insist 不表示“建议”和“坚持要某人做某事”的意思的时候，该宾语从句就不能用虚拟语气。

如：

These footprints suggested that somebody had been here. (这些脚印表明有人来过这里。)

He insisted that he didn’t take other people’s bag.（他坚持说他没有拿别人的包）

例题分析：

The man insisted that he________the money.

A should not takeB would not takeC had not takenD not take

分析：答案为C。句意为“这个男人坚持说他没有拿别人的钱”。在题干中，insist的意思是“坚持说”所以其后面宾语从句的谓语不可以使用虚拟语气。

三、虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种虚拟语气常用于句型It is ( high/about) time + (that)… 定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时形式（注意：be动词无论各人称一律用were）或者should +动词原形(注意：此时should不可省略) …”

如：

It is (about) time that I should pick (picked) up my daughter.（是该我开车去接我女儿的时候了。）

It is high time that we were going.（我们该出发了。）

例题分析：

It is time that the government________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A takesB took C has takenD taking

分析：答案为B。句意为“是该政府采取措施保护那些稀有鸟类和兽类的时候了”。属于 “It is ( high/about) time (that) +…” 定语从句句型，所以该定语从句的谓语用虚拟语气，用谓语动词的过去式。

四、虚拟条件句的倒装。虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should 或者had，可以将if 省略，再把were，should 或者 had 移到从句句首，从而构成倒装。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句部分，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。比如：可以说Were I not to do, 不能说Weren’t I to do.

如：

If they were here now, they would help me.

=Were they here now, they would help me.（如果他们现在在这里他们就会帮助我了。）

If you had come here earlier, you would have got the chance to meet him.

=Had you come here earlier, you would have got the chance to meet him. （如果你早来一点，你就能有机会见到他了。）

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.

=Should it rain, the crops would be saved.（天如果能下雨的话，庄稼就会得救了。）

例题分析：

____, he would have passed the exam.

A if he were to studyB if he studied hard

C had he studied hard D should he study hard

分析：答案为C。句意为“如果他以前学习努力了，他就已经通过这次考试了”。答案A，B，D都是表示和将来事实情况的虚拟，从句意来看，应该表示和过去事实情况的虚拟，所以应该用过去完成时态，并且此时符合倒装的条件，可以倒装，所以答案选C。

五、虚拟语气用于if only（要是...就好了）引导的感叹句和as if/though（好像）, even if/though（即使）引导的表语从句或状语从句中。如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，就用过去完成时；若指的是现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况，则用过去将来时。

如：

If only I were a bird!（我要是一只飞鸟就好了。）

If only I had taken his advice!（要是我采纳了他的建议就好了。）

He did it as if he were an expert.（他做起这件事情来就好象是一位专家。）

Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.（即使她现在在这儿，她也解决不了这个问题。）

例题分析：

Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only Iyour advice!

A followB would follow C had followedD have followed

分析：答案为C。句意为“你瞧瞧我现在尴尬的处境，要是当时我听从你的建议就好了”。这是if only所引导的感叹句,句子意思和过去相反。所以答案选C。

It looks as if they __ __ the truth, but in fact they are not.

A are telling B tell C toldD were telling

分析：答案为D。句意为“看起来他们好像正在讲述事实真相，但是，事实上他们并没有”。这是as if所引导的表语从句,句子意思和现在相反。所以答案选D。

Even if you________them the right, they________it well.

A. gave,didn’t performB. had given,wouldn’t have performed

C. give,haven’t performedD. will give,won’t perform

分析：答案为B。句意为“即使你当时赋予他们这项权利，他们也不会很好地行使的”。这是even if所引导的状语从句,句子意思和过去相反。所以答案选B。选项D不是虚拟语气的形式，所以不能选。

六、虚拟语气用于含蓄虚拟条件句中。含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他的手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这些含蓄虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的虚拟条件句。常常用于表示含蓄虚拟条件句的手段有介词或介词短语，如：but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition 等。连词如：but, otherwise, unfortunately 等之类的转折连词，如：

But for the help of the soldiers, people in the area could not be living a happy life today.（若不是这些士兵的帮助，这个地区的人民今天就不会正在过着这么幸福的生活。）

You didn’t take my advice, otherwise you would be a member of our club now.（你当时没有听从我的建议，否则你现在就是我们俱乐部的一个成员了。）

例题分析：

Without electricity, human life ____quite different today.

A is B will be C would have beenD would be

分析：答案为D。句意为“如果没有电能，当今人类的生活将是另一番样子”。这是含有利用介词短语的手段来暗示存在虚拟条件的主从复合句，主句要用虚拟语气，并且所表达的意思和现在事实相反，因此选择答案D。

突破训练：

1. It is demanded that the exam ____ before eleven.

A. must finishB. would be finished

C. be finishedD. must be finished

2. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there.

A. had beenB. has been C. was D. been

3. The young man insisted that he ____ nothing wrong and ____ free.

A. did; setB. had done; should be set

C. do; be setD. had done; must be set

4. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____, too cold for us to live.

A. would be freezing cold C. will be freezing coldly

B. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly

5. It is important that we ____ wild animals.

A. will protectB. should protect

C. shall protect D. are protecting

6. It is necessary that the problem ____ at once.

A. solvesB. should solve

C. should be solved D. will be solved

7. It is strange that he ____ interest in much of his research.

A. should have lostB. would lose

C. had lost D. will lose

8. ____I be free tomorrow, I could go with you.

A. could B. shouldC. might D. must

9. ___to do the work, I should do it some other day.

A. If were IB. I wereC. Were I D. Was I

10. ____your letter, I would have writer back two days ago.

A. If received B. Should I receive

C. Had I received D. If I could have received

11. He treats me as though ____ his own son.

A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were

12. It’s time we ____ to bed.

A. must goB. will go C. went D. have gone

13. If only I ____ my watch.

A. hadn’t lostB. haven’t lost

C. didn’t loseD. don’t lose

14. We ___ the work on time without your help.

A. hadn’t had finishedB. didn’t have finished

C. couldn’t have finished D. can’t have finished

15. If only I ____ as young as you are.

A. being B. am C. be D. were

答案与解析:

1, C主语从句的句型中虚拟语气的用法

2,Aas if/though,引导的表语从句或状语从句的用法

3,B在第一个空中，insist 的意思是“坚持说或认为”不能用虚拟语气，后一个空表“坚持要某人做某事”应该用虚拟语气

4, A 含蓄虚拟条件句，主句所表示的意思和现在事实相反，并且应该用现在分词freezing有主动的意味，表示事物性质，

5,B 参看本文主语从句的句型中虚拟语气的用法

6,C 参看本文主语从句的句型中虚拟语气的用法

7,A 参看本文主语从句的句型中虚拟语气的用法

8,B 虚拟条件句倒装，should 提到句首，另外三个选项不能用于虚拟条件句

9,C虚拟条件句倒装，were 提到句首

10,C虚拟条件句倒装，had 提到句首

11,D参看本文as if/though,引导的状语从句的用法，从句和现在事实相反

12,C 虚拟语气用于定语从句句型“It is ( high/about) time (that) +…”定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时形式（be动词无论各人称一律用were）或者should +动词原形(注意：此时should一般不可省略) …”

13,A 虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句，所表示的意思和过去事实相反

14,C含蓄虚拟条件句，主句所表示的意思和过去事实相反，

4.英语虚拟语气教学设计篇四

I.Clause Elements(10 points)

Read the sentences and analyse the clause elements in each of them.Use the letters S,V,O,C and A to represent the various elements:

Subject

(S)Verb

(V)Object

(O)Complement

(C)Adverbial

(A)

The first sentence is an example.David Livingstone | lived | in Africa | for more than ten years.S

II.Blank Filling(20 points)Fill in the blank with the verb given in the parentheses.III.Multiple Choice(20 points)There are twenty incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer in the numbered squares below.IV.Blank Filling(10 points)Fill in the blanks in the following short passage, using appropriate articles or other determiners.V.Error Correction(10 points)This is a composition written by a 13-year-old student.Correct the grammatical errors in the following composition.Write the corrected version below.VI.Translation(20 points)A.Translate the following sentences into English.(2 points each)

B.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(3 points each)

5.北京高考英语不考虚拟语气篇五

本报讯昨天，20北京高考各科考试说明开始发放。有关的高考专家通读今年的新高考说明后指出，今年各科试卷总体与去年保持稳定，但各科还是有一些变化，尤其表现在语文和英语科目上，其中英语首次剔除了学生最为头疼的虚拟语气。

“在今年高考考试说明的附录中，增添了语法项目表。值得一提的是，虚拟语气没有被列入到这个项目表中。”高考英语教学专家说，“这说明英语教学要求不再注重纯粹的语法，而更注重实际应用了。”专家们指出，纯粹的虚拟语气语法教学，对中国学生来说掌握起来确实很难，“但虚拟语气不可能真正取消，而是演化成一种习惯用法进行考察。”(邓兴军)

6.大学英语虚拟语气练习篇六

that从句中:

wish, would rather (sooner), had better:

i wish i were as strong as you.

i wish i had paid more attention to our pronunciation.

i wish i remembered the address.

i would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too).

i had rather (that) you told him than i did.

suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句:

the commander ordered that all civilians (should) be evacuated.

he asked that he be given an opportunity to try.

she urged that he write and accept the post.

it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等结构后的主语从句中.

it was arranged that they leave the following week

it will be better that we meet some other time.

suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等后面的表语从句和同位语从句:

7.大学英语虚拟语气练习篇七

长期以来,鉴于《普通高中英语课程标准》中附录的语法项目表里虚拟语气这一内容标有一个“*”号,很多教师便将其视为次要内容而没有重视。然而随着随着越来越多的省份进入到新课改后的高考,虚拟语气也逐渐走入考生的视野。2014年,全国各地18套英语试题中有12套试题考查或涉及了虚拟语气,其中,有7套是出现在单项填空中,同时在阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空和短文改错中也都有所体现。而2014年全国卷2的书面表达主题是“十年后的我”,如果学生能在行文中适当运用一些虚拟语气,势必为文章增色不少。其实,抛开高考的指挥棒不谈,虚拟语气在英语学习中一直有着重要意义和作用,在我们的教材中每个模块的课文和练习中都可以看到虚拟语气的运用。因此不论高考是否重点考查,我们都有必要帮助学生掌握好虚拟语气,这对于帮助培养学生的英语思维,排除母语知识负迁移对英语学习的干扰,开展英语课外阅读,培养文化意识都有重要意义。

二、虚拟语气教学中的语境创设技巧

由于虚拟语气的结构和用法比较复杂,主要通过句子中的谓语动词的变化形式来体现,而这些是与我们的母语截然不同的,所以这也是高中阶段英语学习中的一个难点。考查时又往往有混合条件句及虚拟从句改用真实陈述等真真假假虚虚实实的表达,需要学生练就一双慧眼,理解句子表面字眼背后真正要表达的到底是事实还是假设。因此,我们应该在虚拟语气的课堂教学中创设丰富多彩的语境,一方面激发学生的学习兴趣,另一方面让学生“触景生情”,有用英语表达的愿望,以达到脱口而出的效果,同时让学生养成在语境中理解句意的习惯,训练英语思维,提高英语文化意识。

1 . 语境创设技巧一—引用经典影视台词。引用影视作品中的经典台词无疑会激发学生的学习热情。我们既可以引用英美电影中的经典台词,也可以翻译中文电影中的经典台词。如电《影盗梦空间》中有这样一个扣人心弦的情节--Fischer用枪抵着自己的太阳穴,说:If it is a dream,I should just kill myself to wake up,right? 而Cobb则劝他说: I wouldn’t do that if I were you.Mr.Fischer.这里的“If I were you”就是很常用的一种虚拟语气,结合电影片段,利于学生理解和记忆。

大家都非常熟悉的周星驰主演的电影《大话西游》中的经典台词笔者在教学中翻译如下:Given one more chance,I would say I love you to her.起到了很好的效果。

2.语境创设技巧二—巧用歌词和诗歌。

Were all stars to disappear or die,

I should learn to look at an empty sky,

And feel its total dark sublime,

Though this might take me a little time.

通过朗读学生会发现,所有的星星不会消失,天空也不会因此变得一片漆黑。这时告诉学生,如果要表达这样的假设或者主观愿望,我们就要使用英语中的虚拟语气。

3.语境创设技巧三—巧用电影情节刻画人物心理。在给学生欣赏一些熟悉的电影片段或剧照之后,简介故事情节, 然后选取某个适合运用虚拟语气的情节,让学生展开联想, 想象一下人物当时的心理活动。如《冰河世界3》中Sid(希德)发现恐龙蛋的时候,他眼睛一亮,心里暗想: If I were a mother,how fun it would be to play with my babies。而当他被恐龙妈妈抓走之后假设希德感到了恐惧和后悔,他可能会说:

If I adn’t found the eggs or listened to Manny , I wouldn’t be in danger now.And my friends wouldn’t be worried about me.

4.语境创设技巧四—贴近生活就地取材。学生的校园生活最能引起学生的共鸣,我们可以创设这样一个情境:小明是以一个爱幻想的高中生。一天在课堂上,小明想:如果我是老师的话,我就可以站在讲台上上课了。(how to express this?)看外面的天气,他又想到了课后的计划:如果下雨的话,放学后我就不能去打乒乓球了。(what about this one?)老师公布考试不及格名单,他又想:如果我更加努力的学习, 就不会不及格了。(and this one?)由于贴近学生生活,表达起来自然亲切,通俗易懂。

只要我们多用心思,精心设计,通过创设丰富的、有趣的、贴近学生生活的语境,就可以把虚拟语气这个看似枯燥的语法内容讲活,帮助学生练就慧眼,辨清真假。新课程强调:教学的过程是教师用教科书教的过程,而不是教教科书的过程。教师要钻研教材、解读教材、思考教材和创造性地使用教材。课堂上通过创设情景、质疑引导远比平铺直叙更能激发学生的求知欲。如同向一直平缓流动的溪水里投入几颗石子,可以激起很多浪花一样,新课程需要这样的石子, 学生更需要这样的石子。

摘要：虚拟语气是高中英语学习的一个重要内容和教学难点,如何运用技巧创设恰当的语境,融语法教学于语境中从而降低学生的理解难度是值得我们英语教师研究的一个课题,笔者结合自己的教学实践,总结了几种虚拟语气教学中语境创设的技巧。

8.大学英语虚拟语气练习篇八

教学背景分析

教学内容分析：本语法项目出现在外研版选修六第六模块《War and Peace》，课文《D-Day Landing》中运用了一些IF引导的虚拟语气条件句，用来表述作者对当时情形的非真实的假设。借助于此语篇进行虚拟语气的教学，生动形象，便于理解。

教学目标

知识与技能目标：学生能够识别出IF引导的虚拟语气条件句；学生能够用虚拟语气表述自己的观点。

情感态度价值观：通过学习本模块的“战争与和平”这一话题内容，学生学会生活中用和平友好的方式解决问题。通过精心设计的课堂活动，培养学生自主学习能力、合作学习意识。

教学过程设计

Pre-task Lead-in 任务前导入 5分钟

教师问学生“if you were fives years younger now，what would you do？”，学生感到有趣，众说纷纭，各抒己见。用到的句式都是“if I were…I would…”，通过这一话题，让学生初步体会虚拟语气的使用情景—即用在与事实相反的假设中。

While-task 任务中 27分钟

1首先处理表述过去、现在和将来的If虚拟语气条件句，分三个环节：语法呈现、观察总结、练习巩固。

Presentation语法呈现（1分钟）

学生阅读屏幕上的文章，划出含有虚拟语气的句子。句子如下：

If we had reached the beach，we would have been killed.

If we had the chance now，we wouldn't choose war.

If I should be the secretary of the U.N.，I would never allow the war to break out.

Observation and conclusion 观察总结（3分钟）

学生观察这些句子，互相讨论，总结出IF引导的虚拟语气条件句三种情况的结构。

通过改写句子、游戏句子接龙和话题讨论这三种方式，对IF引导的虚拟语气条件句的三种情况进行巩固和使用。活动如下：

Task 1 Rewrite the sentences，using the subjunctive mood.此活动练习与过去相反的假设。

We didn’t have enough peacekeepers.We didn't stop the war.

We didn't talk in a peaceful way.We quarreled with each other.

Task 2 Play a game.此活动练习与现在相反的假设。例子如下：

S1： If I were you，

I would follow his advice.

S2：...followed his advice，

...would solve the problem quickly.

S3：...solved the problem quickly...

Task 3 Talk about the topics 此活动练习与将来相反的假设。

What would you do if you…

live in the year 2112… board the Shenzhou 10 …

have 1 billion dollars… be president of…

2.处理IF条件句的混合虚拟语气。三个环节：语法呈现、观察总结、练习巩固。（12分钟）

Presentation observation and conclusion呈现、观察、总结（3分钟）

学生观察黑板上教师即兴写下的句子 If I were you，I wouldn’t have done so well及句子You didn't let me drive yesterday.If we had driven in turn，you wouldn't be so tired now。If you had told me the news yesterday，I would get there tomorrow.

学生互相讨论，总结混合虚拟语气的句式结构。学生体会出可以根据不同的情景，随意搭配使用。

Practice 通过练习，巩固混合虚拟语气结构（9分钟）

Task 4 Match the sentences 句子匹配。

1.If I got everything ready today，

2.If I were the leader，

3.If I had seen the film before，

4.If we hadn’t sacrificed so many lives，

（a）we wouldn’t have our freedom today.

（b）I would have fun tomorrow.

（c）I wouldn’t have started the war.

（d）I would describe the terrible scene to you

Task 5 Fill in the blanks，using the correct form of words 用动词的适当形式填空，综合全面的考察学生对虚拟语气的掌握情況，要恰当的使用虚拟语气。