英语中介词用法(精选9篇)
1.英语中介词用法 篇一
一、in order that引导目的状语从句,that后面加从句。例如:
He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考试及格。
在这里注意与in order to的区别,in order to+动词原形 ( in order to后面加的那个不叫目的状语从句,叫目的状语) 例如:
He got up early in order to take the first bus.
= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.
他起床很早是为了赶上第一班 公共汽车
目的状语从句的一个特点:由于目的都是未来的行为,所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态,比如上面句中的could。当然还可以用will,would,can,等 。
二、so that既可引导目的状语从句,也可以引导结果状语从句。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 讲清楚些,以便他们能理解你。
1)其引导结果状语从句时,so that翻译为“以至于...”,经常可以和so/such...that...转换,且从句只能放在主句之后。例如:
He got up late so that he was late for school. = He got up so late that he was late for school.
他起晚了,所以他上学迟到了。
2)其引导目的状语从句时,从句只能放在主句之后,此时可以和in order that换用。例如:
He got up early so that he could take the first bus. = He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.
为了赶上第一班公交车,他很早起床了。
3)He came in quietly in order that he shouldn’t wake his wife. / He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他轻轻进来,以免把他妻子吵醒。
三、对于目的状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。例如:
Ann listened carefully _____ she could discover what she needed.
A. such that B. in order that C. because D. even though
解析:题干的意思是“为了能够发现自己需要的东西,安认真听讲”。很明显从句表示的是目的。such that本身是错误短语,because 表示原因,even though是“尽管”的意思,不符合题意。答案:B
四、需要注意的易错点:如何区别目的状语从句中的so that与结果状语从句中的so that的用法,这是我们需要注意的。目的状语从句的so that是连着的,结果状语从句是分开的,即so…that. so that是目的状语从句,是为了什么什么,有目的的含义。而so…that是结果状语从句,是“如此怎么怎么样结果是什么”。例如:
I get up so early I can not be late
A. that B . so that C.such that D.in order
解析:题干的意思是“我起床如此早以便于我可以不迟到”。从句表示目的,首先排除C,因为such that本身是错误短语,在排除in order,因为它后面不能跟句子;因为句子中有so,所以大家可能选A,如果选它,那句子的意思是“我起床如此早结果我可以不迟到”,显然说不通,所以排除。答案: B
2.英语中介词用法 篇二
我们知道, 商务英语是英语的一种功能变体, 是专门用途英语的一个分支, 主要用于国际贸易、国际投资、国际营销等商务运作中, 这样的语域要求商务英语具有特殊化的文体特点。因为商务英语是以商务活动为背景, 其语言必须是客观写实的, 具体表现为选词恰当、精确, 行文简约、清晰, 讲究礼貌用语、行业术语以及使用套语等。大量的介词或介词短语出现在商务英语的句子、专业术语和套语中, 使得这些文本的行文严谨、措词准确。这些介词的用法, 有的可以按照一般意义来理解, 有的在一般词典中很难找到相应的解释或类似的例句, 这是介词的引申意义在商务英语语境中的表现。对这些介词的的处理是翻译中的一个难题, 为了帮助读者正确理解和翻译商务英语中的介词, 以达到准确规范地翻译商务文本的目的, 本人下面根据自己的语言教学和翻译实践, 通过归纳例证, 总结出六种翻译技巧:直接译法、省略译法、增添译法、转换译法、反说译法和采用比较句式译法。
一、直接译法
有些商务英语句子中的介词可以直接译成相对应的汉语介词并保持它的基本含义, 如:
1.In foreign trade transportation business the freight rate for some goods is calculated by weight or by volume.
译文:在外贸运输业务中, 有些货物的运费是按重量或体积来计算的。 (介词in直接译为“在……中”, by直接译为“按……”)
2.We sincerely hope to establish business relations with your company.
译文:我们期盼与贵公司建立贸易关系。 (with直接译为“与……”)
3.The insurance companies are responsible for the claim as far as it is within the scope of cover.
译文:只要在保险责任范围内, 保险公司就会负责赔偿。 (within直接译为“在……内”)
二、省略译法
汉语和英语的表达方法不同, 英语中的介词比汉语要多得多, 因此某些介词在英语中经常出现, 但在不影响完整准确再现原文信息的前提下可以省去不译, 这样可使译文简约、无累赘之感, 符合商务文本的文体特征。如:
4.Our catalogue will give you full information about our various products.
译文:我方产品目录册将提供我方各类产品的详细情况。 (这里的about意思是“关于……”, 省略不译使译文更加简洁。)
5.The drink is suitable for men, women, old people and children.
译文:这种饮料男女老少皆宜。 (介词for“对……”省略不译)
如果原句译为“这种饮料对男人、女人、老人和小孩都适合”, 其表述显得拖泥带水, 不够精炼。
6.We regret for the loss you have suffered and agree to compensate you by USD 2000.
译文:我们对你们遭受的损失深表歉意, 同意赔偿2000美元。 (介词by“按……”省略不译)
此外, 很多带有介词的商务专业术语译成汉语时, 介词通常是省略不译的, 而是按照约定俗成译成相应的术语。如:
7. Letter of Credit信用证
8. Bill of Exchange汇票
9. With Particular Average水渍险
1 0. Documents against acceptance承兑交单
1 1. Documents against payment付款交单
1 2. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关税及贸易总协定
三、增添译法
增添译法是指在翻译介词时加上英语原文中无其形有词义的词。英语介词一词多义现象比较突出, 使用又非常灵活, 翻译有时需要添加一些词, 才能使译文意思明确、表达通畅, 特别是在商务英语文本中, 更要把介词隐含的意思充分表达出来, 以免出现歧义, 引起不必要的纠纷。试比较:
13.Party A shall deliver the goods to Party B by July 30.
14.Party A shall deliver the goods to Party B before July 30.
上面两个句子似乎都可以译为“甲方须于7月30日前将该货交给乙方”, 因为before和by都可以以终止时间为对象, 即都可以表示“在某月某日之前”的含义。但是这两个介词所隐含的时间概念是不一样的, 使用by时, 包括所写日期;用before时, 则指所写日期前一天, 因此, 例13应译为“甲方须于7月30日前 (含30日) 将该货交给乙方”, 再加上括号里的说明, 意思非常明确。
其实, 很多作定语用的介词短语在英译汉时都要根据词义添加补足词, 多数是添加逻辑意义上的动词。如:
15.All bank charges outside U.K.are for our principal’s account, but must be claimed at the time of presentation of documents.
译文:在英国境外发生的所有银行费用, 应由开证人负担, 但必须在提交单据时索取。 (outside“在……外”后面添加了“发生”一词)
16.a package by surface mail
译文:由水路或陆路运来的包裹 (添加了“运来”)
17.“Want Ads”in the newspaper
译文:在报纸上登的招聘广告 (添加了“登”)
18.loan on credit rating
译文:根据信用记账提供的贷款 (添加了“提供”)
四、转换译法
英语介词的转换译法是指根据原文意思把介词译成汉语中的其它词类。英语和汉语在语言现象和思维方式上存在着很大的差异, 翻译时把英语介词一对一地译成汉语介词是不可能的, 但可以通过转换的方式来弥补。当然, 这种转换并不是盲目的, 必须以保证译文准确且规范为前提。
英语中有很多介词都具有动词性, 如against (反对) , through (通过) , off (离开) 等等, 因此, 在商务英语中介词汉译时转换成动词的现象很普遍。例如:
19.Many visitors came to our company for the first time, so our manager took them around it.
译文:许多顾客是第一次来我们公司, 因此经理带他们参观了一下。 (around转译为动词“参观”)
20.It is against the contractual stipulation that you failed to establish the covering L/C 30 days before the time of payment.
译文:贵方未在交货期前30天开立信用证, 这是违反合同规定的。 (against转译为动词“违反”)
21.As your old friend, I have to tell you frankly that the business between us in the last two years has not been satisfactory.
译文:作为老朋友, 我坦率地告诉你, 近两年来我们双方的业务并不令人满意。 (as转译为动词“作为”)
除了转换成动词外, 有些英语介词也可以转换成连词和副词。如:
22.Our clients suffered a big loss from your late delivery of the goods.
译文:因为你方迟交货, 我方客户损失很大。 (from转译为连词“因为”)
23.With all the strenuous efforts we have made to persuade our endusers to buy your dyestuffs, we have so far received no orders from them.
译文:虽然我们费了好大努力劝说用户购买你们的染料, 但至今尚未收到他们的订单。 (with转译为连词“尽管”)
24.Your proposal on the joint-venture project is under study.
译文:贵方关于合资项目的计划正在研究中。 (under转译为副词“正在”)
五、反说译法
由于商务英语的语言特点之一是语气比较委婉, 而有些句子中的介词如果顺着意思来译, 译文则会比较勉强生硬, 不如反过来译效果更佳, 语气轻且婉转, 与原文风格保持一致。如:
25.Much to your disappointment, the replacement of the goods with flaws is above me.
译文:太让你失望了, 我无权替换有瑕疵产品。 (above在句中本意为译为“超过”, 反译为“无权”)
这个译文, 比正面译为“太让你失望了, 替换有瑕疵产品超过了我的能力”, 听起来更能令人接受。
26.Your loss was beyond the coverage granted by us.
译文:你方损失不在我方承保范围之内。 (beyond反译为“不在……”)
27.Please effect shipment without delay upon receipt of the letter of credit.
译文:请贵方收到信用证后立即发货。
without本来含有否定意义, without delay如顺着翻译, 意为“没有延误”, 反过来说成“立即”, 译文既简洁又通顺。
六、采用比较句式译法
英语介词中有些可以译成汉语的比较句式, 尽管介词本身并没有“比……”这个含义。如:
28.The price for gasoline quoted by you in your last telex is above the average of the posted prices of the five oil companies in Singapore.
译文:上次贵方电传所报的汽油价格比新加坡5家公司牌价的平均价高。 (above译为“比……高”)
29.Against the invoiced weight the consignment was found short of 1, 350 kgs.
译文:与发票开的重量相比, 货物短重1, 350公斤。 (against译为“与……相比”)
30.At one time Sony seemed to have got the upper hand of all the other Japanese incorporations in competition.
译文:有一个时期索尼公司似乎比所有日本电器公司都要得手。 (of译为“比”)
总之, 在商务英语翻译过程中, 介词的处理是需要一定技巧的。然而, 由于介词的意义是根据它所连接的前后关系来决定的, 在使用上很难找到规律, 同一个介词在不同的语句中的含义不一样, 因此, 在翻译时处理的方法也会不一样。当然, 要做好翻译工作, 除了要掌握一定的技巧外, 还需要进行大量的实践, 同时还要具有扎实的汉英语言功底和商务方面的专业知识。
摘要:商务英语中介词的使用频率很高, 且含义复杂, 表达习惯和汉语有很大的差异, 是翻译中的一个难题, 对介词的理解和翻译得当与否会直接影响到商务文本的翻译质量。本文通过举例分析, 简单介绍了商务英语中介词的六种翻译技巧, 即直接译法、省略译法、增添译法、转换译法、反说译法和采用比较句式译法。
关键词:商务英语,介词,翻译技巧
参考文献
[1]陈浩然.外贸英语翻译[M].北京:中国对外经济贸易出版社, 1987.
[2]刘宓庆.文体与翻译[M].北京:中国对外贸易出版社, 1998.
[3]沈银珍.商务英语口、笔译[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社, 2006.
3.英语中介词用法 篇三
关键词:《西洋记》 把 介词
《三宝太监西洋记通俗演义》又名《三宝开港西洋记》《三宝太监西洋记》,简称《西洋记》,明代罗懋登著,约作于公元1597年,作者将明代永乐年间郑和七次奉使“西洋”的史实敷衍描绘成神魔小说,希望藉此激励明代君臣勇于抗击倭寇,重振国威。本书是白话小说,反映的是明末的口语现状,对于研究近代汉语具有非常重要的语料价值。近年来,学者们从多个角度对它进行了研究,但大都集中在文学领域,从语言角度对它进行研究的多限于对其语气词的研究,而对其中“把”字的用法却还未见有人涉及。本文考察了该书中所有含介词“把”的句子,并将其分类,以期明确明代末年“把”字在口语中的使用情况。
根据考察,在《西洋记》中“把”字共出现了1548次,共有四种用法,即名词、动词、量词、介词,其中“把”作介词的用例最多,总共有1380例。下面对该书中介词“把”的用法分类进行介绍。
一、表示处置
处置式用法用法在《西洋记》中用例最多,也最为复杂。根据蒋绍愚、曹广顺(2005)对“处置式的类型和句型”的描述,可以把《西洋记》中表示处置的“把”字句分为以下几类:
(一)广义处置式
这类处置通常是一个双及物式,述语动词所表示的动作涉及两个域内题元,语义上处置性较弱(蒋绍愚、曹广顺,2005),这类处置式又可分为“处置(给)(包括处置告)”“处置(作)(包括处置成)”“处置(到)”三类。
1.处置(给)(包括处置告)
(1)胡钉角受下敕、剑,把个花红礼物尽行散与众匠人。(18,228)(“,”前为回目数,后为页码数,下同。)
(2)王尚书把这个话儿告诉三宝。(20,267)
(3)把个宝贝交还国师。(41,538)
2.处置(作)(包括处置成)
(4)王良急地里掣回枪来,早已把个衣袖儿扯做了两半个。(25,322)
(5)火母也把个国师当做天师,一下罩住他在地上。(42,540)
(6)穿井极深,用车绞起水来,把羊皮做成叉袋,裹之而归。(72,930)
3.处置(到)
(7)怎么又把这个和尚放进朝门之内?(11,145)
(8)碧峰长老到了南京,收了金光,把个徒子、徒孙安顿在会同馆里,自家竟到午门外来听宣。(14,178)
(9)此时正是西南风,他却把马勒在东北上,望空着力一射。(24,309)
(10)我自从那年十月十三日得病身故,勾死鬼把我解到阴曹。(87,1118)
(二)狭义处置式
这类处置式的题元结构是一个及物式,谓语动词表示的动作一般只涉及一个域内题元(通常为介词后面的成分)。谓语动词为及物动词,并且往往带上补语特别是结果补语,因而处置性较强(蒋绍愚、曹广顺,2005)。这类处置式又可分为“动词为光杆形式”和“动词前后有其他成分”两类。
1.动词为光杆形式
《西洋记》中“把”字的此种用法的例子很少,动词有单音节的,如例(11)、(12);也有双音节的,如例(13)、(14)。
(11)岂同三战刘先主,直是钟馗把鬼拿。(27,355)
(12)刚刚的拿着个七星旗还不曾磨动,恰好的和、合二圣就在半天云里把手招。(56,725)
(13)女人出来,把块布兜着头,兜着脸,不把人瞧看。(78,1006)
(14)宁可我一身死弃黄泉,敢把佛爷爷清名玷污!(92,1185)
2.动词前后有其他成分
1)动词前有修饰成分
《西洋记》中的这类句式动词前的修饰成分多为数词“一”,如例(15);或表示方位的词语,如例(17);或趋向动词“来”,如例(16)。
(15)那爷爷把头一抬,只见一个老和尚抱着一个小娃娃,……(3,38)
(16)手里拿着棒儿不住的把水来搅。(12,157)
(17)赶上去一枪,姜代牙把个旗儿望左闪,一枪戮一个空。赶上去一刀,姜代牙把个旗儿望右闪,一刀砍一个空。(24,313)
(18)那老虎俨然有知,把个头照着地平板上连磕递磕。(73,944)
2)动词后有补充成分或动态助词
①动词后跟结果补语(或加上语气词)
(19)口儿里说道“有理”,手儿里一傍把个包来拆开。(4,48)
(20)只说着“洗得清”三个字,就把个玺洗薄了一半,岂又有不清之理?(10,123)
(21)王神姑又说道:“你再不开言,我把这条葛藤割断哩!”(39,509)
②动词后跟趋向补语
《西洋记》中,这类句式在动词和趋向补语之间多数都出现了“将”字。
(22)碧峰道:“是真非幻的,把那前面的仙人掌都掮将来。”(6,79)
(23)关圣贤……把这一座山提将起来,才放得武状元唐英出去。(25,327)
(24)唐状元又把只贼船领回来,安排了一会。(33,436)
(25)不慌不忙把个紫金钵盂一下子掀起去。(76,978)
③动词后跟体标记“却”“着”或“了”
《西洋记》中的这类句式动词后的体标记只出现了“着”和“了”,没有出现“却”。如:
(26)我且把个盂钵满满舀了,看是何如。(13,163)
(27)火母道:“你快把火熄了罢!”(43,556)
(28)帖木儿把个宝贝袖着。(53,690)
④动词后跟数量短语
《西洋记》中的这类句式出现的数量短语绝大部分是动量短语,用来表示动作发生的次数(当然有些也是虚指),只有一例例外,如例(32)。
(29)龙王把个手儿朝上拱一拱,好个东井玉连环,只见一道霞光,烛天而去。(2,15)
(30)员外把个签诗朗诵一遍。(3,28)
(31)正行之际,非幻说道:“师父,你把前日的诗儿再加详细一详细,却不要错上了门哩!”(6,77)
(32)后来秦始皇并吞六国,得了这玉,到了二十六年上,拣选天下良工,把这块玉解为三段,……(9,111)
⑤动词后跟状态补语或可能补语
《西洋记》中的这类句式动词后跟可能补语的用例只有少数的几例,如例(34)、(36)。
(33)长老又照着他一杖,把这两个妖精打得存扎不住。(7,88)
(34)尚书道:“今番要把旧字洗得清,却才新字开得明。”(10,123)
(35)把个文武百官吓得只是心里叫苦,口里不敢作声。(12,154)
(36)你只把个天射得叫来与俺听着。(24,309)
(三)致使义处置式
这类处置式中介词“把/将”的宾语语义上不是动词的受事,而是它的当事或施事,整个格式具有一种致使义(蒋绍愚、曹广顺,2005)。
(37)把那一位沙弥到吃了一惊。(1,10)
(38)地方上人说是公冶长杀死人命,告到官司,把公冶长坐了三年多牢。(52,669)
二、表示处所或范围
这类句子当中介词“把”后引出的不是动词意念上的宾语,而是动词动作发生的处所或范围。
(39)好个陈侍郎,走近前去,举起牙笏,把个长老的背脊上轻轻的点了一点。(13,159)
(40)若把我们南船上,只好一两银赏赐,就是大事。(83,1074)
三、表示工具
这类句子当中介词“把”引出的是动词动作所凭借的工具。
(41)即时分付旗牌官取下姜金定的头来,把火烧了。(31,407)
(42)对敌的看见箭来,少不得把个兵器来革。(48,617)
四、表示被动
这类句子当中介词“把”引出的是动词动作的施事者。《西洋记》中“把”字的这类用法共有9例。
(43)金河老王接了旨意,心下大惊,说道:“袁天罡的手段这等神哩!我天曹的事故,都把他卖出铜钱来。”(21,271)
(44)只是长老本心是个真人不露相,不肯把他照破了,连忙的把个手里钵盂也望空一掷。(28,366)
(45)仙人道:“我归山,我自归山,怎么把你挟制得我归山?”(30,390)
(46)老爷道:“……岂可轻自径过去,把后来人做个口实,……”(46,592)
(47)国师道:“……这一杆旗不打紧,有许多的天兵天卒守护着它,等闲就把你偷了?” (56,727)
(48)王明道:“知道肯把我捞来?他一觉睡得只是鼾鼾的响,那里晓得些罢。”(81,1051)
(49)番王大怒,骂说:“好贱婢,……偏你要受快活,偏我的国把你卖么?”(82,1054)
(50)判官道:“……伺候三年之后,变为牛、羊、犬、豕,生在世上,把人剥皮,把人炒骨,吃人秽污,受人打骂。”(88,1136)
五、“把”字介宾结构独立成句
这类句子以第一人称代词“我”充当句子的主语成分,后接介词“把”及其宾语,句中不出现谓语动词。在《西洋记》中这类句子均表示第一人称“我(俺)”对第二人称“你”的一种责骂,共8例。如:
(51)俺把你这个大胆的道士,俺闻你的大名如轰雷灌耳,俺慕你的大德如皓月当空。(25,325)
(52)我把你这个牛鼻子,教你就捞了我这一刀。(39,511)
(53)我把你这个贱婢,你死在头上,还不省得。(48,617)
(54)我把你这个诛斩贼,你又没有三个头,你又没有四个臂,何敢领兵侵犯我国?(49,628)
(55)我把你这个贼,你是何邪术,敢来煽惑军心?(53,684)
(56)我把你这个大胆的贼,你累累的犯我边疆,杀我军卒,偷我宝贝,害我总兵官。(54,698)
(57)我把你这个生事扰民的贼,焉敢无故侵犯我的国土,纵容无名的末将,陷害我的总兵官。(54,703)
(58)我把你这个矮贼,不砍你做八段,誓不为人!(80,1033)
通过以上分析不难看出,明代晚期“把”字作为介词的用法已经相当普遍,特别是表示处置的“把”字用法已应用得非常广泛。但是,依据我们对该书的考察,“把”字仍然未失去动词性,其中有一部分“把”字还处于虚化的过程中,只不过其动词性已经减弱(本文把这类“把”字也归入了介词类)。
参考文献:
[1]蒋绍愚.近代汉语研究概要[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
[2]蒋绍愚,曹广顺.近代汉语语法史研究综述[M].北京:商务印书
馆,2005.
[3][明]罗懋登.三宝太监西洋记通俗演义[M].陆树崙,竺少华校点.上
海:上海古籍出版社,1985.
[4]吕叔湘.现代汉语八百词[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980.
[5]张美兰.论近代汉语“我把你个+名词性成分”句式[J].语文研
究,2000,(3).
4.常用多用途词用法 篇四
1)“房间”,可数名词。
There are ten rooms in the house.
2)“空间”,不可数名词。
Would you please make room for the old man.
There is not enough room for you.
2.orange用法
1)“橘子”,可数名词。
The oranges on the tree are red now.
2)“橘汁”,不可数名词。
I’d like a glass of orange.
3.school用法
当用于表示具体“学校”时,前面需要用冠词或代词修饰。当表示抽象意义时,通常不用修饰词。
There is a school near the park.
We often buy some books in the bookshop near the school.
We often clean our classroom after school.
Let’s go to school now.
My elder brother is a worker. My younger brother is at school.
4.home用法
1)“家”,名词,前面可以带修饰语。
My home is far away from the school.
2)“回家、到家”,副词
On the way home, he saw a boy crying on the road.
He will be home in half an hour.
3)“家用的、家庭的”,形容词。
home cooking家常菜
5.thanks用法
thanks用于表示“感谢”时,常用复数,多用于口语中,可以与thank you替换;thanks与介词to结合构成的词组不再用于表示“感谢”,而是“由于、因为”的意思。
--May I use your pen?
--Yes. Here you are.
--Thanks(thank you).
Thanks to the bad weather, we have to stay at home today.
6.Answer用法
answer可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,都是“回答”的意思。可以用于回答问题,也可以用于回电话。作名词用时,如果要表达“回答某问题的答案”,常与介词to搭配。
I don’t know how to answer the question.
Can you answer the telephone? I’m busy now.
Do you know the answer to the question?
7.light用法
light可以用作形容词,也可以用作名词。做形容词用时,有两个意思:(重量)轻的和(颜色)浅的、淡的;作名词可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词,但词义不同:不可数名词意思是“灯光”、“光线”,可数名词意思是“灯”。
She likes light green.
This box is much lighter than that one.
There are eight windows in the walls of our classroom. The light is enough.
There is two lights on the wall.
8.heavy用法
heavy作形容词用有两个词义:(重量)“重的”和(雨)“大”。
The bag is too heavy for me to carry.
There will be heavy rain in the south China.
9.英语“吃”的表达方法
英语中“吃”的表达可以借助have,eat和take。have用于表达抽象意义的“吃”,eat表示“吃”的具体动作,take用于表达“吃药”。
The workers have lunch in thr factory.
The old man often has porridge for supper.
What are you eating now?
Remember take medicine on time.
10.bed用法
bed“床”,当用来表示具体事物时,前面需要冠词或代词等词修饰限定;当用于表示抽象意义时前面不用冠词等限定词。
Don’t read in bed.
She is ill in bed.
Y ou’d better go to bed early.
There are some books on(in) the bed.
There is a big bed in the bedroom.
11.“乘坐交通工具”的表达方法
英语中表达“乘坐交通工具”的方法有:“by+交通工具名称”、“in(on) aan(the)+ 交通工具名称”和“take aan+交通工具名称”。
--How do you go to school every day?
-- Sometimes by bike, sometimes by bus.
He went back to his hometown in a bus.
I go to the office on a bike every day.
He took a bus to his hometown.
13.表示“推测”的表达方法
我们可以用maybe、may be和must be来表达“推测”语气。maybe是副词,用于实意动词之前,情态动词、助动词和be动词之后,或置于句首。may be和must be是由情态动词加be动词构成的,may be表示没有把握、根据不足的情况下的推测,must be表示有根据的肯定推测。
He maybe forgot the time.
He didn’t come today. He may be ill.(Maybe he is ill.)
I saw him in the doctor’s. He must be ill today.
14.Grow的用法
grow有“成长”、“种植”、“变得”的意思。分别作及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词用。
I hope all of you grow healthily.
The farmers in the south grow rice.
If you eat too much, you’ll grow fatter and fatter.
15.look up用法
look up有两个词义:“查阅(资料等)”和“向上看、抬头看”。当表示“向上看、抬头看某物或人”时,要加上介词at。当表示“查阅(资料等)”时,作及物动词词组用,可以直接带宾语。
He looked up at me and said nothing.
Look up! A plane!
If you don’t know the words, please look up them in the dictionairy.
经典例题解析
1.-How many children have been to the Great Wall?
-______.
A. None B. No one
C. No any one D. Nothing
2.Japan is ____ the east of China.
A. in B. to C. on D. at
3.I ____ you to come soon.
A. hope B. wish C. hope that D. wish that
4.The baby is too young to ____ himself.
A. put on B. wear C. have D. dress
5.I’ll have my hair ____ this evening.
A. cutted B. cutting C. cut D. cuts
6.Walk along this street ____ and you’ll find the hospital.
A. in the end B. to the end
C. by the end D. at the end
7.-____ are you late for school?
-Never.
A. How long B. How soon
C. How often D. How much
8.He sang ____ beautiful a song in the party.
A. so B. such C. too D. quite
9.The basket is too heavy for ____ to lift.
A. nobody B. anybody
C. somebody D. everybody
10.She likes to ____ others but never writes to them.
A. hear of B. hear about
C. hear from D. hear
[重要点评]
1.答案选A。none是“没有任何人和物”,是回答how many 问句的;no one“没有人”
是回答who 问句的;nothing“没有任何东西”,是回答what问句的。
2.答案选B。“in/on/to + the+方位词+of+地点”结构中,in表示“在……境内”,on表示“接壤”,to表示“在……境外”。
3.答案选B。wish有“希望,想要”的意思。可接不定式作宾语或接复合宾语,而hope则不接复合宾语。句中you to come 是复合宾语。
4.答案选D。put on 是“穿上衣服”。wear是“穿着……衣服”,have 常与on 搭配,它们都以衣服名称作宾语;dress是“给……穿衣服”,常用“某人”作宾语。
5.答案选C。have sth done 词组是“让某事由别人做”的意思。have 用法较多,在这里用作使役动词。
6.答案选B。in the end 是“最后”的意思,可直接作状语;“by the end +of +时间/地点”表示“在……时间/地点的末端”。本题to the end与walk对应,表示“走到……尽头”。
7.答案选C。根据答语never,选择how often,表示动作或状态发生的频率;how soon 表示“多久以后”,一般用于对“in+一段时间”结构提问;How long 是“多久”,一般用for或 since引导的时间状语来回答;how much 表示“多少”,不用于回答时间。
8.答案选A。so 用于修饰形容词或副词,such用于修饰名词(词组)。本题中把beautiful从a beautiful song 词组中提前,用so修饰。
9.答案选C。 本题考查四个选项的用法区别。hear form=get a letter from,“收到某人来信”;hear of 和hear about是“听说”的意义,hear 是“听见”,如果用作“听说”,后面一般跟宾语从句。
5.英语中介词用法 篇五
be动词,意思和用法很多,一般的意思是:是,此种用法,有多种变化形式,is,am,are,was,were,being,been,to be。另外,be动词还有成为的.意思。根据句子中不同的人称、数和时间,型态,应该选择相应的be动词。
be动词用法
一般过去时:
第一人称单数和第三人称的单数形式,则用was
第一人称复数和第二人称复数、第三人称的复数,则用were
第二人称单数也用were
一般现在时:
第一人称单数形式,用am
第三人称单数形式,用is
第一人称复数、第二人称复数、第三人称的复数形式,则用are
6.英语名词分类用法 篇六
从意义上划分,英语名词可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。
一般来说,个体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns)。
物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。
集合名词有的可数,有的不可数。
一、普通名词
普通名词指一类人或事物的名称。英语中普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词一般有单、复数两种形式。如a/one child, ten children。而不可数名词一般只有一种形式。如cash(现金)。不可数名词之前不可直接用泛指限定词和数词。不可数名词可与some一起用。如:some money,some water。也可与the一起用:the information(这信息)。
(一)可数名词及其复数形式
(1)可数名词的复数形式一般由词尾加-s或-es构成,其规则见下:
一般情况 加-s,在清辅音后读/s/ maps, books;在浊辅音及元音后读/z/ cars, photos;在/t/后读/ts/ cats, students;在/d/后读/dz/ beds, guards在/dZ/后读/iz/ bridges, ages
以字母s, x, ch, sh 结尾的词 加-es 在/s/, /z/, /S/,/tS/后读/iz/ classes, brushes
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 将y改成i,加-es /z/ factories, stories
以字母o结尾的词 一般加-es /z/ potatoes, tomatoes;少数外来词或缩略词加-s /z/ radios, pianos简称为有生命的+es 无生命的+s 有生命的有黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿
以字母f或fe结尾的词:一般加-s /s/ roofs, chiefs;少数将f, fe, 改为-ves /z/ shelves, knives;有些加-s或改为-ves均可 /s/或/z/ scarfs/scarves
(2)可数名词复数形式的不规则构成法
英语中有一部分名词由于历史或词源原因其复数形式的构成法是不规则的。这种情况主要有:
①元音字母变化。例如:
foot-feet man-men woman-women
tooth-teeth goose-geese mouse-mice
②结尾为-en。例如: child-children
③单复数同形。
单复数同形的名词主要有:sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, deer等。
④只有复数形式。例如:trousers, goods 等。
(二)可数名词和不可数名词
7.学习词块用法提高写作水平 篇七
在学习英语的过程中, 人们总习惯采用一些固定不变的模式, 如:———Nice to meet you.———Nice to meet you, to;I am looking forward to hearing from you.这些语言形式出现的频率很高, 其形式比较固定, 语境也比较固定, 就像板块一样, 因而得名为“词块”。
许多语言学者都对词块进行过研究, 其中著名的有Nattinger和DeCarrico。他们认为, 词块普遍存在于人脑的记忆中, 而且随着我们对所记忆材料的熟悉程度的增加, 词块的数量也在相应地增加, 从而使我们的大脑可以储存和回忆起更多的信息。词块是学习语言时学习和记忆的单位, 人们在一定的社交中使用了大量的词块, 这些词块按不同的语用功能储存, 使用者根据交际语境的需要, 整体地提取使用, 从而达到交际的目的。
从结构和功能角度来看, 词块分为以下四类:
1. 聚合词语 (Poly-words) :聚合词语是一种固定的词组合, 分为规范型和非规范型两类。规范型具有典型的英语结构特征, 如“动词+名词”、“动词+介词”等。非规范型则相反, 例如, come into use (付诸使用) 、prevent...from (阻止...) 等就属于规范型, 而by and large (大体上, 总的说来) 等属于非规范型。
2. 约定俗成的表达形式 (Institutionalized expres-sions) :句级 (Sentence-level) 词汇短语, 包括谚语、警句和社交公式语, 形式固定, 这类绝大多数属于规范型。例如:Could you tell me the way to...? (请问到…怎么走?) Great minds think alike. (英雄所见略同) 等。
3. 限制性结构短语 (Phrasal constraints) :限制性结构短语是由某些固定词语构成的短语框架, 也分成规范型和非规范型两种。可根据需要填入相应的词或词组。以a ago和the+adj/adv.+er, the+adj/adv.+er为例, 前者属于规范型, 后者属于非规范型。
4. 句子构造型短语 (sentence builders) :句子构造型短语相当于人们常说的句型, 也可分为规范型和非规范型。其突出特点之一是为句子构造提供框架结构。可根据需要填入相应的词语或从句, 具有较强的可变性。例如:Its'+过去分词+that和It pays to+短语 (…是值得的。) 都属于句子构造型词汇短语。
二、词块对高中英语写作的作用
1. 有助于克服母语思维的影响
学生英语写作中的语言失误主要是由于汉语思维对英语的支配作用造成的。这种错误的原因在于学生没有注意和重视从地道的英语中学习词汇的组合, 而只注意单个词的声、形、义以及少量词组的学习。当需要表达某种意思时, 学生的记忆中还没有类似的词块, 所以只能从汉语的角度出发, 寻找所对应的英语词汇的组合。然而, 通过词块理论教学可以克服这种汉语思维的影响。这是因为词块教学可以使学生养成以词块为基本单位来记忆和使用词汇的习惯, 按照词汇意义进行搭配, 使用时不断提高自我监控意识, 积极主动地防范母语干扰, 这将有助于学生英语写作水平的提高。
2. 有助于语言表达流利和连贯
由于词块事先作为整体存储在记忆中, 使用时直接提取, 无需语法生成和分析。因此, 写作前如果作者头脑里已存储了大量的词块, 写作时就可以节省从思维到词语再现和词语选择整个认知过程的时间, 提高语言表达的自动化程度, 使更多的注意力转移到内容的深化和意义的表达上, 从而有利于学生英语写作语言表达的流利和思维的连贯。
3. 有助于提高语法能力
语法能力是指组词造句的能力, 包括词汇组块知识及通过语法规则生成句子的知识。而词块的概念涉及单词的习惯搭配和句型框架, 甚至延伸到完整句子的构建。词块本身就包含了隐性的语法知识。词块学习对语法能力, 特别是语法运用能力有一种潜移默化的提高作用。它避免了传统语法教学形式的弊端, 把形式、意义和运用结合在一起, 使学生获得灵活使用语法结构的技能。
4. 有助于提高语篇能力
8.定语从句关系词用法管窥 篇八
请先看两道高考题:
1. The old town has narrow streets and small houses________are built close to each other. (2011山东卷)
A.theyB.where
C.whatD.that
2. It is hopeful to put children in a situation
they can see themselves differently. (2009福建卷)
A.thatB.when
C.whichD.where
分析 两题答案都选D。第1题先行词streets and houses是地点名词,定语从句中通常选where,而这里却用that。第2题很多同学都会误选C,因为先行词为situation,是名词,而where的先行词应该是表示地点的名词,其实这里where在句中作状语。
那么在定语从句中如何选用正确的关系代词和关系副词呢?
1. 首先考虑先行词是什么,同时还要考虑替代先行词的关系代词或关系副词在句中作什么成分,如果定语从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语和定语就用关系代词,如果缺状语就用关系副词。如:
The building where he liveswhich he lives in needs repairing.
有时同学们会对从句缺少宾语还是状语,使用关系代词还是关系副词感到困惑,下面是区别他们的方法。判断使用关系代词还是关系副词,在从句中作宾语还是状语取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。如:
This is the point where I disagree.(disagree为不及物动词,故用where)
This is the point which/that I disagree with.(定语从句中缺介词宾语,故选which或者that)
2. 辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。如:
Have you asked her the reason why she didn’t attend the 90th celebration party?
先行词为原因,定语从句缺原因状语,故用why。
The reason that he explained at the party was that he had to look after his mother in the hospital.
先行词虽然是名词,但定语从句缺宾语,故用that。
3. 判断从句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。
A dictionary is a book that(which也可) gives the meaning of words.(限制性)
A dictionary is a book, which(that不可) gives the meaning of words.(非限制性)
二、注意“定语从句和同位语从句的区别”和“只能使用that和which的场合”
1. that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句的区别:
The idea that we talked about is very important. (that引导的是定语从句,that作宾语,可省略。)
The idea that the Chinese invented the compass is known to all. (that引导的是同位语从句,that不作任何成分,不能省略,句子介绍的是idea的具体内容。)
2. 关系词用that不用which的场合:两者都可表物,大部分情况可通用,但下列情况例外:
(1) 先行词为all, few, much, little, nothing, everything, anything等;
There is little that I can do for you.
(2) 先行词被all, few, little, any, the very, the only, first, second, last 或形容词的最高级修饰时;
That’s the only thing that we can do now.
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
(3) 先行词既有人也有物时;
They talked of the things and persons (that) they remembered in the school.
(4) 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,关系词用that不用which;
Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
Which is the T?鄄shirt that fits me most?
(5) 当先行词在主语从句中作表语或者关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,用that不用which;
This isn’t the dictionary that I borrowed from the library.
Shenzhen is no longer the city that it used to be.
(6) 主句是there be句型时,修饰主句的定语从句用that不用which;
There is a desk in the corner that is still free.
(7) 有两个定语从句时,一个从句的关系代词已用which,另一个要用that;
They have set up a company which produces things that have never been seen before.
(8) 用作关系副词修饰表示时间的名词,如day, time, moment等代替when时用that不用which。
It happened on the day that(when) he was born.
3. 关系词用which不用that的场合:
(1) 指物,关系代词在介词后;
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the army.
That was the way(in which) she looked after us.
(2) 引导非限制性定语从句;
Basketball, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
(3) 先行词后有插入语时;
Here is an English dictionary which, as I have told you, will help you a lot.
(4) 先行词本身就是that时;
What is that which flashed in the sky just now?
(5) 代表整个主句时;
He broke my glass, which made me angry.
(6) 代表主句中谓语的整体概念时。
He can play football well, which I can’t.
巩固练习
1. Anyway, that Sunday,________I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. whenB. where
C. whatD. which
2. Alice was educated at Tsinghua University,
she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
A. after thatB. from that
C. from whichD. after which
3. Li Dong’s movie won several awards at the film festival, was beyond his wildest dream.
A. whichB. that
C. whereD. in which
4. When she came back from abroad, Lucy told us about the cities and the people________she had visited.
A. thatB. who
C. whereD. which
5. Because of the traffic jam________I was caught, I was late for the meeting.
A. by whichB. in which
9.初中英语冠词用法 篇九
1.专有名词人名,地名,节日,月份,年份,星期和不可数名词(一般指物质名词和抽象名词)前一般不用冠词。如:
China, Beihai Park
2.名词前面已有用作定语的 this, that, my, your, some, any , no等代词作定语时,不用冠词。如:
The letter is from my father.
I have a book in my hand.
3.在复数名词表示一类人或事物时,如:
Horses are useful animals.
I like cakes.
4.在节日名称,(称呼语和表示官衔的名词前)星期、月份、季节前。如:
Today is Sunday.
Spring is the best season in the year.
Children’s Day
5.表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前。
6.球类,棋类,语言,三餐,游戏名称和颜色前不加冠词。如:
I like to play basketball.
We have lunch at school.
7.在表示家庭成员名称,称呼语,表示头衔或职务的名词前不加冠词。
8. 在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中,如:
go to school , be in hospital, be in prison
注意下列词组的区别, in fort of与in the front of, in hospital与in the hospital, at table与at the table, go to school与go to the school, a number of children=many children, The number of children =孩子的数量
复习时需要注意的要点
(1)在school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed等表示机构名称、组织名称和家具的名词前,用定冠词和用不定冠词意义有差异。用定冠词强调处所,而不用定冠词意义有所引申。比较:
at table 就餐
at the table 坐在桌边
go to school 去上学
go to the school 去这个学校
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在这家医院
go to prison (违法而)进监狱
go to the prison 到监狱
go to church 做礼拜
go to the church 到教堂
in class 在课堂上
in the class 在班级里
(2)在某些词前用不同冠词(定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词),意义大不相同,例如:
a little/few 有一点
little/few 几乎没有
a number of 许多
the number of ……的数目
in front of 在……前面
in the front of 在……前部
take place 发生
take the place of 代替
out of the question 根本不可能
out of question 没有问题
the most beautiful 最漂亮
most beautiful 非常漂亮
for a moment 片刻
for the moment 暂时
实战演练
一、例题选讲
例1 There is “h” in word “photo”.
A. a,a B. an,the
C. the,an D. an,an
答案: B
提示: h虽然是辅音字母,但发的音是元音音素开头的,因此要用an,而word 是特指,所以后面要用the。
例2 She is honest girl.
A. an B. a
C. / D. the
答案: A
提示: “honest”中h是不发音的,因此这个单词是元音音素开头的。
例3 He goes to school after breakfast.
A. / B. the
C. an D. a
答案: A
提示: 在表示三顿饭前不用定冠词。
例4 Browns are going to visit Yangtse River. It is longest river in China and third longest river in world
A. The…the…the…the…the…the B. The…the…the…/…the…the
C. /…the…the…the…/…the D. The…/…the…the…the…the
答案: B
提示: the+姓氏的复数形式表示一家人,在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面要用定冠词the,而形容词最高级前面通常要加定冠词the,the+序数词+最高级表示第几,而in the world表示在世界上。
冠词专题练习
一、选择填空
1. She is ____ girl. She is ____ English girl.
A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. a, /
2. Tom is ____ English. He is ____ English boy.
A. an, an B. / , an C. / , / D. a, a
3. ____ live in Room 208.
A. The Green B. Green C. The Greens D. Greens
4. January is ____ first month of the year.
A. a B. / C. an D. the
5. We should think of ____ old and ____ sick.
A. a, a B. an, a C. the, the D. /, /
6. ____ number of the students in our class is 52.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
7. She can play ____ piano, but she can’t play ____ football.
A. the, the B. the, / C. /, the D. a, a
8, There is ____ “s” in the word “six” and ____ “s” is the first letter of the word.
A. a, the B. a, an C. an, the D. a, a
9. A horse is ____ useful animal.
A. an B. a C. the D. this
10. He has already worked for ____ hour.
A. an B. a C. the D. three
11. Lucy wants to become ____.
A. some teacher B. a teacher C. teacher D. teachers
12. Hainan is ____ island, isn’t it?
A. the B. one C. a D. an
13. What do you usually do after ____?
A. the class B. class C. the classes D. a class
14. I’ll have to buy ____ trousers.
A. a B. two C. a pair of D. pair
15. I’ve thrown my old shoes away. I’ll have to buy ____.
A. a new pair B. a new one C. some new D. some new pair
16. My uncle told me he was going to visit ____.
A. the United State B. The United States C. United States D. United State
17. They failed six times, but they have decided to try____.
A. seven times B. the seven time C. the seventh time D. seventh time
18. Who are those boys? One is my brother and ____.
A. the big boy is Mike B. a big is Mike
C. the big boy is a Peter D. a big boy is a Peter
19. You will find ____ girl in black. She is ____ teacher.
A. a, the B. the, a C. a, a D. the, the
20. ____ birds can fly very high in ____ sky.
A. The, the B. The, a C. An, the D. A, the
21. I’m not looking at ____
A. sun B. sky C. the sun D. some sky
22. The little boy wishes to be ____
A. Lei Feng B. the Lei Feng C. this Lei Feng D. a Lei Feng
23. ____ have studied English in our school.
A. Most of students B. The most students
C. Most of the students D. Most students
24. Tom’s brother hit Bob on ____ nose.
A. his B. the C. its D. a
25. We are going to have an exam ____.
A. in the class B. in a class C. at the class D. in class
26. We have had ____.
A. good dinner B. a good dinner C. the good dinner D. good dinners
27. ____ fine weather we have today! Let’s go swimming.
A. What a B. How C. What D. How a
28. There’s ____ apple tree behind ____ house.
A. an, the B. a, a C. an, a D. the, the
29. We can see the sun in ____ daytime, but we can’t see it at ____ night.
A. a, the B. the, / C. a, / D. an, /
30. I saw ____ old man walking across the street and ___ old man looked worried.
A. an, an B. the, the C. an, the D. the, an
31. What ____ it is!
A. a heavy rain B. heavy rain C. a heavy rains D. heavy rains
32. ____ time we had at the party!
A. What wonderful B. What a wonderful
C. How wonderful D. How a wonderful
33. ____ tallest building in the town is ____ Bank of China.
A. The, the B. A, a C. The, a D. A, the
34. Little Tom looked at the big shark ____.
A. in the surprise B. in surprised C. in surprise D. at a surprise
35. ____ more carefully you ride, ____ fewer falls you’ll get.
A. The, the B. A, the C. The, a D. A, a
36. He has made____ decision that he will be ____ inventor some time.
A. a, the B. a, an C. the, an D. the, the
37. – We haven’t seen for ____ long time. Where have you been?
- I have been for ____ holiday with my parents.
- Have ____ nice time!
- Thank you.
A. a, the, a B. the, a, a C. a, a, a D. a, the, the
38. – Excuse me, can you tell me way to ____ Xinhua Bookstore?
- Go along this road, and then turn to ____ right at ____ first crossing, at ____ end of the street, you can find it.
A. the, a, the, the, the B. a, the, the, a, the
C. the, the, the, a, the D. the, the, the, the, the
39. Why nor take ____ friend with you? That’s ____ good idea.
A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a
40. Take the medicine three times ____ day.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
41. English is ____ language. It is ____ important tool.
A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, /
42. Meimei has ____ high fever and his mother is looking after her.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
43. Lucy takes ____ walk after supper every day.
A. the B. a C. / D. an
44.Paper is made of ____ wood.
A. a B. the C. / D. that
45. ____ February is the second month of the year.
A. The B. A C. / D. an
46. We have no classes on ____ Sundays.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
47. I studied ____ English in ____ England.
A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the
48. We go to school by ____ bus.
A. / B. a C. the D. an
49. These boys play ____ football after class.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
50. There is ____ bridge over the river, ____ bridge is made of stone.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a
51. Sunday is ____ first day of the week.
A. the B. / C. a D. an
52. ____ Greens were having breakfast at seven this morning.
A. A B. An C. / D. The
53. She is one of ____ most popular teachers in this school. Every student loves her.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
54. There is ____ 800-metre-ong bridge over the river.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
55. ____ number of the students are playing ____ basketball on the playground.
A. A, a B. The, the C. The, a D. A, /
56. They often take a walk in ___ Bei Hai Park.
A. the B. a C. / D. this
57. The old man was ill in ____ hospital.
A. the B. / C. a D. an
58. There is no ____ book on the desk.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
59. Beijing is ____ capita of ____ People’s Republic of ____China.
A. a, the, the B. the, the, / C. the, the, the D. the, a, the
60. He started ____ school when he was seven.
A. the B. a C. an D./
61. He has ____ great deal of interest in ____ English.
A. a, an B. the, the C. a, / D. a, the
62. He is ____ cleverest boy in our school.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
63. She often spends much ____ time reading.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
64. Boys likes to go ____ boating.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
65.-Where’s nearest bookstore?-There’s one at end of the street.
A.the…an B.a…the C.the…the D.a…an
66. -What do you think of film “National Treasure”?
-It’s wonderful film, I think.
A.a…a B.a…the C.the…the D.The…a
67. S.H.E is going to sing at CCTV annual Spring Festival Evening Party
A.a B.an C.the D./
68. There is “h” in the word “photo”.
A.a B.an C.the D./
69.Please pay attention to your spelling. You’ve dropped “m” here.
A.the B.an C.a D./
二、用适当的冠词填空
1. Thomas Edison was one of ____ greatest inventors on ____ world.
2. Man is ____ only animal that can talk.
3. Is this house ____ older of the two?
4. ____ earth moves around ____ sun.
5. I live in ____ northeast of China.
6. There are sixty minutes in ____ hour.
7. ____ honest boy is Jim, ____ friend of mine.
8. Children usually go to ____ school at ____ age of seven.
9. Here is ____ useful book to read.
10. Would you like ____ rice or ____ bread for your breakfast?
11. ____ poor are always happier than ____ rich.
12. He took me by ____ hand.
13. They have ____ son and ____ daughter. ____ son is a doctor and ____ daughter is a teacher.
14. ____ orange is orange.
15. He watched the student from ____ head to ____ foot.
16. What ____ interesting book it is!
17. ____ clouds over ____ sea were lovely yesterday.
18. There is ____ little milk in the fridge, I’ll go and buy some.
参考答案:
一、1C 2B 3C 4D 5C 6C 7B 8C 9B 10A 11B 12D 13B14C15A 16B 17C 18A 19B 20A 21C 22D 23C 24B 25D 26B 27C 28A 29B 30C 31A 32 B 33A 34C 35A 36B 37C 38D 39C 40A 41B 42A 43B 44C 45C 46D 47A 48A 49D 50B 51A 52D 53B 54B 55D 56C 57B 58D 59B 60D 61C 62C 63D 64C 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.B 69.B
二、1.the,the 2.the 3.the 4.The, the 5.the 6. an 7. The, a 8. /, the 9. a
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