CATTI三级笔译经验

CATTI三级笔译经验（共8篇）

1.CATTI三级笔译经验 篇一

一.课堂(纸版)材料答案

1)语法经典

1.虚拟语气：1-5CCABA6-10DACDB11-15ACADD15-19ACAD

2.连词：1-5DACBA6-10ACCCC11-15CBBBA16-20ACBDB21-25CDABC26-30ABAB

3.非谓语动词：1-5ADABB6-10BCCBA11-15ACDAC16-20DABCB21-22AB

4.谓语动词的时态和语态：1-5CCDCC6-11CDBDDC

5.比较级和最高级：1-5BDBCD6-8ABC

6.名词属格、定语：1-5DACAB6-9CCAD介、副词词组 ：1-5ACBDB6-10ACAAD11-14BADD

8.倒装、省略：1-5ADBCA6-9DBAB

9.限定词、代词：1-5BDCDB6-10ABDDB

2)二级词汇真题

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21-25DDACA26-30DBACB31-35CCADB

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0511:1-5BCDDA6-10AADDD11-15DABCB16-20BCABC

21-25CABAC26-30BBBAA31-35DCCDD

3)二级阅读理解真题

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4)完型填空样篇

1-5ABCBC6-10BDACD11-15CAADB16-20ADCBD

二.课后(电子版)材料答案

1)三级语法改错真题

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0411:36-40DBDBD41-45BBBAD46-50BDAAD

0505:36-40ADBDC41-45CABCA46-50BCDAA

0511:36-40ACDAC41-45BBACB46-50ABABC

0611:36-40DACBD41-45CBCCC46-50CCDBA

0705:36-40BDABC41-45BDCDB46-50CCABC

0711:36-40BACBA41-45DABAB46-50AABCA

2)二级语法改错真题

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0411:36-40AAADA41-45BCDCC46-50CCCDB

0505:36-40CADBB41-45DAAAD46-50AACAA

0511:36-40ABDDA41-45DACAD46-50DCCBD

0611:36-40BDBCB41-45ADCDA46-50DCBDC

0705:36-40DACAC41-45BBADA46-50CACAB

0711:36-40ADABC41-45BCBBA46-50ADDCB

3)三级词汇真题

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21-25CBBAC26-30DAAAA31-35CABDB

0411:1-5DBDCA6-10ADABA11-15CBCBD16-20DDACC

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0505:1-5DCBAD6-10CBCBB11-15ABDDA16-20BCBCB

21-25ACDCC26-30BAADB31-35BDACB

0511:1-5DDABA6-10DCBBC11-15DACAC16-20CACCD

21-25DBBCB26-30ADCBA31-35BAABB

0611:1-5CADCD6-10DBDAC11-15ACCCA16-20BDCAB

21-25ABCAD26-30ACABB31-35DBACA

0705:1-5DACAD6-10DBDCC11-15BADCA16-20DCBDA

21-25ADADC26-30CABDC31-35CDBAC

0711:1-5CBCBD6-10DAABC11-15BDDDB16-20CCADA

21-25BADBC26-30BDDDC31-35ADBBA

4)二级词汇真题

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0705:1-5AADDC6-10DBDDA11-15BAADC16-20CABAB

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0711:1-5BCABD6-10AAACA11-15DDCCC16-20BBDCD

21-25DACBC26-30BADDA31-35CBDBA

5)三级词汇补充实践

Exercise 1:1-5CACAA6-10ABACB11-15BDADA16-20CCACD21-25BABCB

26-30AAABA31-35BCCCA36-40BDDDB

Exercise 2: 1-5CABAC6-10AACBD11-15DDDAB16-20AAAAB21-25ACACA26-30DBCAB

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Exercise 3: 1-5CCACB6-10BDCAA11-15BCADB16-20CBCBA21-25ACACB26-30DACAB

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Exercise 4: 1-5ADBDC6-10CDCCC11-15DBBAB16-20ADDBD21-25BABDC26-30BCDBA

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Exercise 5:1-5DADCB6-10CABCA11-15BCBBC16-20CACBA21-25CADBC26-30CDBCC31-35ADDCC36-40BABCC

6)二级词汇补充实践

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7)三级阅读理解真题

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2.CATTI三级笔译经验 篇二

As holidays go, Thanksgiving is in some ways the most philosophical.Today we try not to take for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try, if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives to what lies behind them..In other words, we try to understand how very rich we are, whether we feel very rich or not.Today is one of the few times most Americans consciously set desire aside, if only because desire is incompatible with the gratitude--- not to mention the abundance--- that Thanksgiving summons.

【参考译文】

3.CATTI三级笔译经验 篇三

合成生物学：生命再设计(节选)

The promise and perils of synthetic biology

合成生物学的希望与风险

The new biology calls all in doubt

Start with the most recent of these previous shifts. Fossil fuels have enabled humans to drive remarkable economic expansion in the present using biological productivity from ages past, stored away in coal and oil. But much wilderness has been lost, and carbon atoms which last saw the atmosphere hundreds of millions of years ago have strengthened the planet’s greenhouse effect to a degree that may prove catastrophic. Here, synthetic biology can do well. It is already being used to replace some products made from petrochemicals; in time it could replace some fuels, too. Burger King recently introduced into some of its restaurants a beefless Whopper that gets its meatiness from an engineered plant protein; such innovations could greatly ease a shift to less environmentally taxing diets. They could also be used to do more with less. Plants and their soil microbes could produce their own fertilisers and pesticides, ruminants less greenhouse gas – though to ensure that synthetic biology yields such laudable environmental goals will take public policy as well as the cues of the market.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。

The second example of biological change sweeping the world is the Columbian exchange, in which the 16th century’s newly global network of trade shuffled together the creatures of the New World and the Old. Horses, cattle and cotton were introduced to the Americas; maize, potatoes, chilli and tobacco to Europe, Africa and Asia. The ecosystems in which humans live became globalised as never before, providing more productive agriculture all round, richer diets for many. But there were also disastrous consequences. Measles, smallpox and other pathogens ran through the New World like a forest fire, claiming tens of millions of lives. The Europeans weaponised this catastrophe, conquering lands depleted and disordered by disease.

Synthetic biology could create such weapons by design: pathogens designed to weaken, to incapacitate or to kill, and perhaps also to limit themselves to particular types of target. There is real cause for concern here – but not for immediate alarm. For such weaponisation would, like the rest of cutting-edge synthetic biology, take highly skilled teams with significant resources. And armies already have lots of ways to flatten cities and kill people in large numbers. When it comes to mass destruction, a disease is a poor substitute for a nuke. What’s more, today’s synthetic-biology community lives up to ideals of openness and public service better than many older fields. Maintained and nurtured, that culture should serve as a powerful immune system against rogue elements.

The earliest biological transformation – domestication – produced what was hitherto the biggest change in how humans lived their lives. Haphazardly, then purposefully, humans bred cereals to be more bountiful, livestock to be more docile, dogs more obedient and cats more companionable (the last a partial success, at best). This allowed new densities of settlement and new forms of social organisation: the market, the city, the state. Humans domesticated themselves as well as their crops and animals, creating space for the drudgery of subsistence agriculture and oppressive political hierarchies.

Synthetic biology will have a similar cascading effect, transforming humans’ relationships with each other and, potentially, their own biological nature. The ability to reprogram the embryo is, rightly, the site of most of today’s ethical concerns. In future, they may extend further; what should one make of people with the upper-body strength of gorillas, or minds impervious to sorrow? How humans may choose to change themselves biologically is hard to say; that some choices will be controversial is not.

Which leads to the main way in which this transformation differs from the three that came before. Their significance was discovered only in retrospect. This time, there will be foresight. It will not be perfect: there will certainly be unanticipated effects. But synthetic biology will be driven by the pursuit of goals, both anticipated and desired. It will challenge the human capacity for wisdom and foresight. It might defeat it. But carefully nurtured, it might also help expand it.

新生物学让一切充满变数

先从三次转变中距今最近的一次说起。化石燃料的使用释放了过去存储在煤和石油中的生物生产力，大大推动了当今人类经济的发展。但大片荒野不复存在，碳原子上一次充斥于大气是在亿万年前，如今它们的存在大大加重了地球的温室效应，甚至可能导致灾难性后果。在这方面，合成生物学可以有所贡献。它已被用来取代一些石油化工产品，假以时日可能还会取代一些燃料。最近，汉堡王在其部分餐厅推出了一款无牛肉皇堡，其中的肉味来自一种转基因植物蛋白。此类创新可以让人类向更环保饮食方式的转变变得轻松许多。同时，创新还有事半功倍的效果。植物及其土壤微生物可以制造出自身所需的肥料和杀虫剂，反刍动物可以减少排放温室气体。当然，要确保合成生物学达成如此值得称道的环境目标，还需要公共政策以及市场的指引。

生物变化席卷世界的第二个例子是哥伦布大交换——16世纪新生成的全球贸易网络将新旧大陆的生物糅合到了一起。马、牛和棉花被引入美洲;玉米、土豆、辣椒和烟草被引入欧洲、非洲和亚洲。人类赖以生存的生态系统前所未有地实现了全球化，为各地提供了更高产的农业，为许多人提供了更丰富的食物。但它也带来了灾难性的后果。麻疹、天花和其他一些病原体像森林大火一样在新大陆肆虐，夺走了数千万人的生命。欧洲人将这场灾难当作武器，用以征服因疾病而衰乱的土地。

合成生物学可能会被利用来蓄意制造这样的武器：能使人衰弱的、致残或致命的病原体，或许还能被限定于攻击特定目标。这确实值得担忧，但眼下还不必恐慌。因为研制这样的武器就像其他前沿合成生物技术那样，需要高技能团队和大量资源。再者，军队已经有很多方式来夷平城市和实施大规模杀戮。疾病在大规模杀伤方面很难匹敌核武器。更重要的是，相比很多旧领域，如今的合成生物学界更符合开放和公共服务的理想原则。若能加以维系和培育，这种文化应该能成为抵御破坏分子的强大免疫系统。

最早的生物大转变，即驯化，带来了迄今为止人类生活方式的最大变化。从无心到有意，人类将谷物培育得更丰产，让牲畜更温顺，狗更听话，猫更友善(这最后一项充其量只算取得了部分成功)。这促成了更高的聚居密度和新的社会组织形式：市场、城市和国家。人类不仅驯化了农作物和动物，也驯化了自己，让自给型农业的苦役和压迫性的政治等级制度成为可能。

合成生物学将产生类似的级联效应，改变人类彼此之间的关系，还有可能改变人类自身的生物学特性。对胚胎重新编辑的能力是如今大多数伦理担忧之所在，对此确实也有担忧的理由。未来，这些担忧可能进一步蔓延：我们该如何看待那些拥有像大猩猩般上肢力量的人，或者那些不知悲伤为何物的人?很难说人类会以何种方式改变自身的生物学特性，但毫无疑问有些选择会引发争议。

这就引出了此次转变与上述三次转变的主要不同。前三次转变的意义都只是事后的发现。而这一次，我们可以事先预见。这次转变不会完美无缺——肯定会有出人意料的影响。但对预期和期望目标的追求将驱动合成生物学的发展。合成生物学将挑战人类的智慧和远见。或许它会超出人类的能力。但如果精心发展它，却也可能提升人类的这些能力。

4.CATTI三级笔译经验 篇四

集群之幸

Boston’s biotech hub is surviving the challenge from Silicon Valley

波士顿的生物技术中心正从硅谷的挑战中幸存下来

Distance is not dead. In biotechnology, as in other tech-based industries, the clustering of similar firms is more important than ever. Some American biotech startups are based in the San Francisco and Silicon Valley area, huddled with its many digital and IT startups. But the Boston metropolitan area – and in particular Cambridge, across the Charles river from central Boston – seems to be holding its own as the world’s pre-eminent biotech hub.

距离并未消亡。与其他以技术为基础的行业一样，在生物技术领域，同类公司的集群比以往任何时候都更为重要。一些美国生物技术创业公司把总部设在旧金山和硅谷地区，跟当地的众多数字及IT创业公司扎堆。然而，波士顿大都会区——特别是与波士顿市中心隔查尔斯河相望的剑桥市——俨然已能与之抗衡而成为世界上卓越的生物技术中心。

The San Francisco area’s pool of venture capital is beyond compare; and a biotech-industry body there, the California Life Sciences Association, argues that California is the number one state for biomedical employment. But in part that is simply a reflection of the state’s large population, which means its health-care business is necessarily big. The Massachusetts Biotechnology Council claims that its state employs more people in biotech research and development than any other.

旧金山地区的风险投资资源是别处无可比拟的。当地的生物技术行业团体“加利福尼亚生命科学协会”(California Life Sciences Association)认为，加利福尼亚是生物医学就业第一州。但这在某种程度上只是该州庞大人口数量的表现，人口众多意味着其医疗保健产业必然庞大。马萨诸塞州生物技术委员会(Massachusetts Biotechnology Council)声称，该州在生物技术研发领域的就业人数超过其他任何一个州。

A study published last December by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) found that although, per head, the Boston area had fallen well behind San Francisco and Silicon Valley in creating software and internet startups, it was more or less keeping pace in life sciences. The density of research institutions in Massachusetts means that it receives $351 per head in funding from the National Institutes of Health, well ahead of the Golden State’s $88. This density of research was a reason cited by General Electric, which has a big medical-technology division, in its announcement in Janurary that it will move its group headquarters to Boston.

去年12月，麻省理工学院公布的一项研究发现，波士顿地区虽然在人均创建软件和互联网创业公司的数量上远落后于旧金山与硅谷，但在生命科学领域不相上下。麻省密集的研究机构使它从美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)获得人均351美元的资金，远超过“黄金之州”(加利福尼亚)的人均88美元。拥有庞大医疗技术部门的通用电气1月宣布将把集团总部迁往波士顿，它提到该地区研究机构的高密度是一大原因。

The history of the Boston area cluster can be traced to the late 1970s and early 1980s, when Biogen and Genzyme, two biotech drugmakers, were founded by scientists from nearby academic institutions. Other scientists, especially from MIT and Harvard, Cambridge’s two internationally renowned universities, followed suit and created innovative startups of their own.

波士顿地区产业集群的历史可以追溯到上世纪70年代末和80年代初。当时，周边学术机构的科学家建立了生物技术制药企业百健(Biogen)和健赞(Genzyme)。其他科学家纷纷效法，创建了自己的创新型创业公司，尤其是来自麻省理工和哈佛的科学家，这两所国际知名大学都位于剑桥市。

This encouraged global pharmaceutical giants, struggling with poor productivity in their existing research facilities, to set up labs in and around Cambridge. Novartis of Switzerland began work on its outpost in , followed by such names as AstraZeneca of Britain and Baxter of Illinois, which in spun out its Cambridge labs as Baxalta, a specialist in “orphan” diseases. In Janurary Baxalta agreed a $32 billion takeover by Shire, an Irish drugs giant.

这促使那些苦于现有研究设施生产力低下的全球制药巨头在剑桥及其周边建立实验室。瑞士诺华(Novartis)开始在此设点，紧接着是英国的阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)和美国伊利诺伊州的百特(Baxter)。，百特把它的剑桥实验室拆分出来，成立了专攻罕见病的Baxalta公司。今年1月，Baxalta同意被爱尔兰制药巨头Shire公司以320亿美元收购。

The cluster lacked a clear focal point until , when MIT, the main landowner around Kendall Square – an area about a mile in all directions from the Kendall/MIT subway station in Cambridge – decided to spruce it up. One report suggests the square currently hosts firms that have absorbed about $14 billion in venture-capital investments. Silicon Valley’s overall pool of capital may be deeper, but much of it flows to areas other than biotech. And the global drug giants with outposts in the Boston area provide an alternative source of finance, and of eventual buyers for startups.

这里的产业集群一直缺少一个明确的中心，直到，肯德尔广场(Kendall Square)的主要所有者麻省理工学院决定把这片以肯德尔/麻省理工地铁站为中心、半径约一英里的区域修葺一新。一份报告表明，目前在肯德尔广场设立的公司总共吸收了大约140亿美元的风险投资。硅谷的整体风投资源可能更为深厚，但大部分资金都流向了生物技术以外的领域。在波士顿地区设点的全球制药巨头提供了另一种资金来源，也为创业公司增加了潜在的最终买家。

Tom Andrew of Alexandria Real Estate, a property agent specialising in science buildings, notes that the Boston area’s universities, teaching hospitals and other institutions are a sink, as well as a source, of talent. Anyone who accepts a risky job at a startup can be sure that if things don’t work out there are lots of big employers nearby to fall back on.

专注于科学楼宇的房地产经纪公司“亚历山大房地产”(Alexandria Real Estate )的汤姆·安得鲁(Tom Andrew)表示，波士顿地区的大学、教学医院及其他机构既是人才之源，又是人才之库。在创业企业中承担有风险工作的所有人都可以放心，如果工作不顺利，附近会有许多大雇主可以转投。

The cluster’s promising young firms include four – Editas Medicine, CRISPR Therapeutics, Intellia and Bluebird Bio – that are working on “gene editing”, currently one of the hottest areas of biotech. WuXi NextCODE, another local startup, specialises in analysing genomes. Alnylam concentrates on drugs that interfere with RNA, the messenger molecule through which genes express themselves. Not satisfied with just editing, deciphering or blocking nature’s blueprints, Synlogic is seeking to create medicines through entirely artificial sequences of genes.

集群中有前途的新兴企业包括Editas医药公司(Editas Medicine)、CRISPR疗法公司(CRISPR Therapeutics)、Intellia和蓝鸟生物(Bluebird Bio)。这四家公司正致力于研究“基因剪辑”，这是当今生物技术中最热门的领域之一。另一家本地创业公司明码生物科技(WuXi NextCODE)专门从事基因组分析。奥尼兰姆公司(Alnylam)专注研究干扰RNA的药物，RNA是基因自我表达的信使分子。Synlogic公司不满足于只是剪辑、解码或者阻断基因组这一自然的蓝图，还试图通过合成完全人工的基因序列来开发药物。

Synlogic’s boss, Jose-Carlos Gutiérrez-Ramos, formerly of Pfizer, has worked around the world and praises the “density of intellectuals” in Boston and the opportunities that come from being able to make easy connections. With little travel time between appointments, it is easier to arrange meetings. Dan Budwick of Pure Communications, a public-relations firm which represents some of the area’s startups, says that “You can jump on a bike and see 30 companies in a mile. You can’t do that in San Francisco or Manhattan.”

Synlogic的老板、原辉瑞公司的何塞-卡洛斯·古铁雷斯-拉莫斯(Jose-Carlos Gutiérrez-Ramos)曾在世界各地工作过，他称赞波士顿“知识分子密集”，能够很容易地建立人脉关系并从中找到机会。由于约会之间花费在交通上的时间很短，安排会议比较容易。代表该地区一些创业企业的公关公司 “单纯沟通”(Pure Communications)的丹·布德威克(Dan Budwick)说：“你可以跳上一辆自行车，在一英里内见到30家公司。这在旧金山或曼哈顿就不行。”

Boston’s tech cluster has a different vibe from Silicon Valley’s in other ways too. Edward Farmer of WuXi NextCODE says Boston’s biotech crowd are a more formal bunch, who wear proper shirts – and tuck them in. They know which fork is for the salad because salad is not the only thing they eat. Beer is the recreational drug of choice, rather than cannabis.

在其他方面，波士顿的高科技集群也与硅谷的氛围不同。明码生物科技的爱德华·法默(Edward Farmer)表示，波士顿的生物科技从业者举止更规矩，他们穿合适的衬衫，还把下摆塞进裤子里。他们知道哪一个叉子是吃沙拉的，因为他们不只吃沙拉。首选的休闲毒品是啤酒而不是大麻。

The cranes sprouting across the skyline suggest more growth ahead. But demand is still running ahead of supply. In the Boston area rents for laboratory space rose by 7% last year to around $47 a square foot ($505 a square metre), compared with $37 in San Francisco. Already, some companies are having to seek space in districts like Alewife or Watertown, on the far side of Harvard’s campus.

穿越天际线不断涌现的起重机表明，未来将有更多发展。但目前依然是供不应求。在波士顿地区，实验室的租金去年上涨了7%，达到每平方英尺47美元(每平方米505美元)，相比之下，旧金山的租金为37美元。已有一些公司在哈佛校园另一边的埃尔维夫(Alewife)和沃特敦(Watertown)等区域寻找办公地点。

Though it is on a roll, the Boston biotech cluster must keep a nervous eye on its West Coast rival, especially if, in future, biotech ventures come to rely on software, wearable sensors and big-data analysis, areas in which Silicon Valley is strong. At least that is a problem it can try to address. The weather is not. The biggest annual jamboree for investors in biotech, organised by J.P. Morgan, a bank, opened in Janurary in its customary location of San Francisco. The temperature was a balmy 13º Celsius, to Boston’s shivering -1 º.

尽管顺风顺水，波士顿的生物技术产业集群还是必须紧张地关注它在西海岸的竞争对手，尤其是假如生物技术企业今后要开始依赖软件、可穿戴传感器和大数据分析等硅谷强项的话。至少，这个问题是它可以试图解决的。但天气就不是了。生物科技投资者最大的年度盛会已于1月按惯例在旧金山举行，活动由摩根大通银行(J.P. Morgan)组织。当地气温13摄氏度，温暖宜人，而波士顿为零下1度，冷得让人直打寒颤。

5.英语笔译三级考试感受 篇五

去年参加了人事部三级笔译考试。

就我失败的教训给大家说一下，以避免我的覆辙。

人事部三级笔译考试我认为最好的备考资料如下：《北京周报》（英语版），国家领导人以及联合国的重要发言稿。词典最好拿大些的。陆谷孙的《英汉大辞典》，惠宇的《新世纪汉英大辞典》，或吴光华的《新时代汉英大辞典》。我考试的时候带的词典太小，查不出henge这个词什么意思，后来突然想起和英国的巨石阵有关，但是前面没猜准词义，只好一一涂改，卷面那个难看。

如果句子长，生词多，要及时把查出的词写上，以免忘记。我考试的时候就把一长句子中anthropology（人类学）查完又忘了写，句子缺词意义不完整。

至于汉译英，一定要自己操刀，实做一些文章的翻译，尤其是小康社会，政府报告这些政治文章。《北京周报》（英语版）有汉英对照的活页，或是法规，或是领导讲话，其他的文章也包含时事词汇，对备考很有帮助。

大家划单词，建议找个包含六级词汇测试题的书，一是有思维选词的过程，记得牢；再者有语言环境，比单纯看词汇书的效果好。

一定要检查，我快结束的时候闲了三分钟，结果考完发现汉译英把西南写成东南了。再强调，考试一定要做题，做历年的真题。尤其是实务，按考试的形式做，对应试有很大帮助。备考也可以选取政府报告，领导讲话翻译。要多和原文对比，学习语言组织方式。

6.翻译资格考试笔译三级模拟试题 篇六

Not vexed by reading comprehensively though futilely, I deal seriously with teaching and handling affairs and have no regret for suffering losses.

中国加入世界贸易组织的谈判已经进行了 15 年了。中国的立场始终如一。

China has been engaged in the talks for entry into the WTO for 15 years with its consistent stance.

楼的质量不好。

The build ing is not well built.

经济全球化的深入发展和科学技术的迅猛进步。

the furthering economic globalization and rapid/swift/speedy/prompt development of science and technology

中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。

A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.

我们之间关系的发展，使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。

Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.

经过二十多年的快速发展，中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善，为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。

Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.

The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China.

中国将致力于建设国家创新体系，通过营造良好的环境，推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新，这是中国实现跨世纪发展的必由之路。

7.CATTI三级笔译经验 篇七

最近，无论是国内旅行，还是国外旅行，各种新形式层出不穷。据说JTB(日本交通公社)北海道分社已经开始了这样的业务，即通过网络让家人和朋友了解老年人在国外旅行的情况。旅行途中的情况、风景等等，都由领队用数码相机拍下来附上说明，然后通过电脑传回日本，在二十四小时内贴在该分社的网页上。在日本国内盼着他们回来的家人和朋友看到后，不但能够放心，而且还会觉得自己好象也在旅行一样。

另外，据JTB的调查显示，最有人望的旅行是，“温泉旅行”排名第一，其次是“观赏自然风景”，第三是能够一饱口福的“美食旅行”，第四是游览历史名胜的“历史之旅”。

8.CATTI三级笔译经验 篇八

口译与笔译的发展背景是不同的，笔译是在口译的基础上发展起来的，之后笔译发展比较迅速；笔译与口译存在着不同的标准、模式，尤其是近几年口译标准相继出现，丰富了口译标准，口译与笔译的特点与步骤不同，口译因为是现场工作，压力较大，而笔译相对而言要求的准确性较高。所以，口译与笔译对译员的素质要求是不同的。

翻译有笔译和口译之分。在英语中，从事笔译的人被成为translator，而从事口译的人则被称作interpreter。不论是笔译还是口译，都是用一种不同的语言来解释和再现原话的意思内容。笔译是通过笔头，即书面或文字形式，把一种语言表达的思想内容用另一种语言来再现。口译则是通过口头的形式，把一种语言表达的思想内容用另一种语言来再现。口译是一种特殊的口头交际手段，其任务是在不同语言、不同文化的交谈者之间发挥桥梁和纽带作用，使交谈双方感觉不到语言障碍而自由地进行思想交流。

口译就其工作方式而言一般可分为即席翻译（consecutive interpretation）和同声传译（simultaneous interpretation）两大类。讲话人说完一句话、一段话甚至一整篇后，由译员在现场立即译给听众的口译方式就叫做即席翻译，也称交替传译或连续翻译。讲话的时间可以从几秒（几十个字）到几分钟（几百乃至几千个字）不等。讲话与翻译交替进行。这种翻译方式主要用于两种情况：一是正式会见、北鼎教育

政治会谈、外交或商务谈判、公务交涉、大会发言、学术交流、新闻发布会、记者招待会、宴会祝酒、开幕式、闭幕式、法庭辩论、情况介绍会等正规场合，译员往往要借助笔记进行口译；二是接待、礼宾迎送、陪同、参观、游览、宴会、购物、娱乐、生活安排等日常会话中，译员通常凭记忆进行口译。同声传译则是讲话人一面讲，译员一面译的口译方式。同声传译主要用于国际会议。同声传译可以分为三种情况：一是会议传译，即译员利用大会会场的电化设备，在传译箱里通过耳机收听讲话人的讲话，马上又通过话筒译给听众，几乎与讲话人同步，最多比讲话人慢几秒钟：二是视译（sight interpretation），即译员一面看原文讲稿或书面材料（如讲话稿），一面译出材料的内容。一般要求译员不停地看，不停地译，而不是看完一句译一句；三是耳语传译（whispering），即译员把会议上听到的话，立即小声地译给身边的一两个人听。讲话人不停地讲。耳语翻译一般对原讲话有较大的压缩与概括。这种传译也称“咬耳朵”翻译。

就工作性质而言，口译可以划分为外事翻译、军事翻译、商贸翻译、医学翻译、联络翻译、会议翻译、法庭翻译、技术翻译、展览翻译、导游翻译、生活翻译等等。它们各有特点，在此不再叙述。

口译是一项艰苦而紧张的脑力劳动，是一个复杂的思维过程。译员决不是头脑简单的“传声筒”。口译由原语到目标语的过程并不是一条直线，而是一个由表及里、由里及表的理解、分析、表达的能动

北鼎教育

过程。两种语言的对应关系并不体现在表层结构，而是体现在于深层含义。口译的过程实际上是一个“听与理解→记忆→表达”的极短暂而又极其复杂的过程。

鉴于口译的任务是传达原话的思想内容，口译时应主要采用意译。其实，直译与意译本身没有高低之分，关键是看在具体情况下用哪种译法更能准确地体现原话的思想内容。该直译就直译，该意译就意译。直译并不是死译、硬译；意译也不是乱译、胡译。如果是政治会谈，或者外交措辞，则应重直译，因为外交措辞需要精确。如果是商贸会谈，则不妨多用意译。其实，译员从来就不可能完全直译或完全意译，而总是在自觉不自觉地交替使用直译和意译。直译和意译是相辅相成的两种翻译手段。

口译与笔译是两种既有密切联系又有很大差别的工作。由于两者各有自己的特点和要求，因此，标准不尽相同。笔译通过“读”理解原文，获取信息。笔译人员可以有充分的时间进行斟酌，可以查阅词典和各种工具书，该可以请教他人。因此，笔译要求做到“信、达、雅”，三者相辅相成、缺一不可。口译通过“听”理解原话，获取信息。译员要在听完讲话人的话后要立即用目标语言表达出来，甚至一边听一边表达，几乎没有时间进行思索推敲，在多数情况下不可能查阅词典或工具书，或者请教别人。译员的单位时间劳动强度大大超过了笔译。因此，对口译的质量不能太苛求，一般更多地要求“信”和“达”。

北鼎教育

当然，译员也有一些笔译工作者所没有的有利条件。他们可以借助于讲话人的手势、语调和表情来理解原话。从实际工作的要求来看，口译的标准可归结为“信、达、速”（也可把它归结为“准、顺、快”）。“信”是指忠于原话的内容与精神，不随意增、减，不胡编乱造，所译的语言风格应尽量贴近原话。“达”是指通顺自然，干脆利落，不拘泥于原话的词语和结构，用符合目标语用法习惯的话把原话的思想内容表达出来。“速”有两方面的含义，一是译员说话不能太慢，其语速应相当于或略快于讲话的语速；二是讲话人停顿后译员应立即开始译，中间的间隔一般不能超过两三秒，否则就会影响口译效果，招致听众的不满。三条标准之中，“信”是主要标准，是口译的基础和核心。