高一上学期教材目录12（精选7篇）
1.高一上学期教材目录12 篇一
Teaching aim:
Revise the grammar ------ the Attributive Clause
Teaching procedures:
Step 1,
Leading in
1. Ask students to guess some riddles.
(1) It is an animal that jumps on its strong legs and carry its young in a bag on the front of its body. (kangaroo)
(2) It is a thing that you hold above your head to keep yourself dry when it is raining. (umbrella)
(3) It is a soft, round fruit that has a red skin and can be eaten in salad or as a vegetable. (tomato)
(4) It is a building where travelers and others may get food and a room to live in. (hotel)
(5) It is a season of the year when the weather becomes warmer and plants start to grow again. (spring)
(6) It is someone who is trained to help a doctor to look after the sick or injured. (nurse)
Step 2: Revision
1. Ask students to review definition of the attributive clause and the antecedents, and then ask students to point out the antecedents, relative pronouns and relative adverbs of the following sentences.
(1) This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.
(2) Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.
(3) She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you.
(4) The novel which Tom bought is very interesting.
(5) The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams.
(6) I know the reason why she studies so well.
(7) This is the room where he put up for the night.
(8) We’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2. Ask students to summarize the relative pronouns and relative adverb.
(1) Which or that is used to introduce an Attributive Clause about things.
(2) Who, whom or that is used to introduce an Attributive Clause about people.
(3) Where is used to introduce an Attributive Clause about places.
(4) When is used to introduce an Attributive Clause about time.
(5) Why is used to introduce an Attributive Clause about reason.
3. Ask students to read the following sentences and to summarize the characters of the antecedents used as subject in the attributive clause.
(1) The house which they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake..
(2) The baby who I looked after yesterday is my niece.
When the antecedents used as subject in the attributive clause, the relative pronouns should be who, whom, which, that, or none.
4. Ask students to read the situation and to make the words in right order.
Situation ------
Mrs. Green got married just last month. She is learning to be a good wife. But she really has a headache about buying, keeping and cooking food. Can you give her some instructions?
(1) Don’t / buy /potatoes/ are green
Don’t buy the potatoes which/that are green.
(2) choose / vegetables / fresh
Choose the vegetables which/that are fresh.
(3) choose / fish / fresh / has bright eyes
Choose the fresh fish which/that has bright eyes.
(4) buy your food / from shopkeepers /always busy
Buy your food form the shopkeepers who are always busy.
(5) keep any cream, butter or cheese / you buy / in the fridge
Keep any cream, butter or cheese which/that/_ you buy in the fridge.
(6) put everything / you need while cooking / in a place / find it easily.
Put everything that you need while cooking in a place where you find it easily.
(7) put / the dish / left / after a meal / in the fridge
Put the fish which/that is left after a meal in the fridge.
5. Ask students to write the sentences according to the language environment.
(1) Alice is a real ice-cream fan. She can eat at least two big ice-creams a day. She even said that she was not going to make friends with anyone who didn’t like ice creams.
(2) Mr. Smith’s house was broken into and his expensive camera and golden watch were stolen. The police discovered a red hair in the room. So they are looking for those people who have red hair.
(3) Meat goes bad easily in summer. So do remember to put it in a place where it is cold.
(4) Some women are crazy about shopping. They never make a shopping list. So when they go back home after shopping they always find they have bought a lot of things they needn’t at all.
(5) Twenty-years has passed and the city of Tangshan takes on a new look. However, many people there will never forget the terrible day when the earthquake destroyed the city.
6. Ask students to fill in the blanks with the relative pronoun and to summarize the relative pronoun “that” should be used in what condition.
(1) “The Matrix” is the best movie that I have seen.
(2) English is the most difficult subject that you will learn these years.
------ 先行词是最高级形容词或是它的前面有最高级形容词时
(3) He is the last person that I want to see.
(4) It’s the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.
------ 先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时
(5) Which is the bike that you lost?
(6) Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
------主句已有疑问词who 或which时
(7) Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
(8) The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.
------先行词既有人又有物
(9) You should hand in all that you have.
(10) We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
(11) I mean the one that you talked about just now.
------先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none,
the one等代词时
(12) The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
(13) This is the same person that I met yesterday.
(14) Ken is the very person that stole my wallet.
------先行词前面only, any few, little, no, all, the same, the very等词修饰时
(15) Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
(16) The man who is at the table is his brother that has been serving in the army.
------有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另外一个用that
7. Ask students to read the following passage and try to join sentences using the attributive clause.
Mary’s Party
Everybody went to Mary’s party last Saturday evening. Everybody had a good
time. Mary cooked the food. It was very delicious. I liked the dress. Lucy was wearing it. It suited her well. I also met someone. I had not seen him for years. His name is James. He said he never forgot the last day in college. On that day, we enjoyed ourselves. James told us that he had just flown from Greece. He had been living in Greece for the past five years. He came back here to give an exhibition. The exhibition is about Greek art.
Everybody who went to Mary’s party last Saturday evening had a good time. Mary cooked the food which was very delicious. I liked the dress which/that Lucy was wearing. It suited her well. I also met someone who/whom/_ I had not seen for years. His name is James. He said he never forgot the day when we enjoyed ourselves. James told us that he had just flown from Greece where he had been living for the past five years. He came back here to give an exhibition which is about Greek art.
8. Ask students to do true or false.
(1) An Attributive Clause is used to tell people more clearly which person or thing is being discussed. (T)
(2) While we are writing a composition, we should use Attributive Clauses as many as possible. (T)
(3) If we can use Attributive Clauses in a proper way, our writing will be improved. (T)
(4) We use more Attributive Clauses in written English than we do in oral English. (T)
9.Ask the students to read the sentences and translate the following sentences into Chinese:
1.He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything , is indeed a good-for –nothing.
不懂装懂，一事无成.
2. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.
甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.
3. It’s the first step that costs.
万事开头难
4. He who would climb that ladder must begin at the bottom.
千里之行，始于足下。
5. He who is full of himself is very empty.
自满的`人腹中空.
6.Not all that glitters is gold.
闪光的未必都是金子
Period 6 Integrating Skills
Teaching aim:
Get students to know how to write a poster.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1, Fast reading
a) Read the passage and do the exercises. ( Page 120 《丰台分院紫皮练习册》)
b) Guessing the meaning of the following words.
Ask the students to match the sentences with the same meaning .
1) whisper
2) stupid
3) password
a) a secret word or phrase that one uses to gain admittance or access to information.
b) to speak quietly and privately
c) lacking or marked by a lack of intelligence
Step 2, Read in details.
1. The Ss ask and answer in pairs.
(1) What was the password?
(2) What was strange with the statue?
(3) Who told them that a password could work much?
2. Ask the students to fill in the blanks with the correct information.
Main characters Tom and Pete
Place of the event Before a statue
Reason for what happens Noise coming from behind the statue
Ending of the event
Step 3, Pre-writing
1. Work in groups of four. Let students discuss what a good poster should have.
1) Colorful and interesting.
2) Necessary information.
2. Discuss the topic they are going to choose.
3. Ask the students to list the necessary information of the chosen topic.
1) What is the name of the film?
2) Why should people watch the film?
3) What is the film about?
4) What stars are in the film?
5) Where will the film be shown?
6) When will the film start?
7) How much are the tickets?
4. Writing
The teacher should do the following before the students write a poster:
1) Go over the requirements of writing, and make sure the students know what to do.
2) Tell the students what they should do before writing.
Step 4. While writing
Get the students to write their own posters.
Step 5. Post writing
Do evaluation after finishing their poster.
1) picture
2) writing skills ( spelling, structure, grammar, capitalicalion)
2.高一上学期教材目录12 篇二
高一政治
一、单项选择题（本大题共40题，每题2分，共80分。
十六大报告指出要“确立劳动、资本、技术和管理等生产要素按贡献参与分配的原则完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度。”据此回答 1．在我国现阶段，下列收入中属于按劳分配的有
A．个体劳动者的劳动收入
B．购买企业股票获得的股息收入 C．国有企业职工的工资和奖金
D．外资企业工人的工资收入 2．这一方针的确定 ①坚持了效率优先、兼顾公平的原则②有利于促进生产力的发展③有利于社会主义市场经济的发展④确立了按劳分配和按生产要素分配同等重要的地位A．①②③ B．①②④
C．①③④
D．②③④
3．对按劳分配的分配方式理解不正确的是 A．这是由我国现实的经济条件决定的
B．社会主义条件下人们劳动的性质和特点是实行这一分配方式的直接原因 C．它体现了劳动者共同劳动、平均分配的社会地位
D．它不是我国现有分配方式的全部，也不是普通的方式，而是在其中居主体地位
4．在我国社会主义条件下，按劳分配是社会主义制度下个人消费品分配的基本原则，这是由客观经济条件决定的。这里的“客观条件”是指①社会主义市场经济体制还不完善②社会主义的生产力发展状况③生产资料公有制在我国经济成分中的主体地位④我国社会主义初级阶段多种多样的经营方式 A．①②
B．②③
C．②④
D．③④
5．某员工在外资企业工作，年薪5万元；利用业余时间在民营企业兼职，年薪2万元；购买股票分得红利2万元；出租住房收入2万元；转让一项技术收入1万元。该员工一年的非劳动收入为
A12万元啡
B
8万元
C
7万元
D
4万元
6．在社会主义初级阶段，我国坚持允许和鼓励一部分人先富起来，要在发展经济的基础上，逐步增加居民的收入。同时，要区分不同的情况，采用有针对性的措施，保护合法收入，取缔非法收入，调节过高收入，保障低收入者的基本生活。这样做的目的是 A．实现共同富裕，避免两极分化 B．提倡适度消费，抑制过高消费 C．保证劳动者共同占有劳动成果
D．经济发展与人民生活相互促进
7．从2001年起，国家每年都举行科学技术奖励大会。在大会上，都会授予最多两名科学家“最高科学技术奖”，并重奖500万元人民币。科学家的这项收入属于 A个体劳动所有B按劳分配收入C．社会保障收入D．按生产要素分配收入
8．十六大报告在收入分配问题上指出：初次分配注重效率，发挥市场的作用，鼓励一部分人通过诚实劳动、合法经营先富起来。再分配注重公平，加强政府对收入分配的调节职能，调节差距过大的收入。上述材料主要体现了
A．公有制的主体地位
B．效率和公平的统一 C．大公无私的奉献精神
D．按劳分配原则
9．对“兼顾效率与公平”的正确理解是①效率是公平的基础②公平是效率的前提③在努力发展生产、提高效率的同时，防止收入差距的过分悬殊④实现效率和公平的正确结合是社会主义市场经济的要求 A．①②③
B．①③④
C．②③④
D．①②③④
为解决“三农”问题，国家的措施之一就是送科技下乡。为了使科技真正进村入户，某农科院把农民和科技人员“绑”在一起，使农民的利益和科技人员的利益统一起来。这种“捆绑”不是生拉硬扯，而是要建立一种符合市场原则的激励机制。据此回答10—11题 10．材料表明①按劳分配不再是我国分配生活消费品的唯一形式
②国家提倡以按劳分配为主体的多种分配方式③按劳动和技术获得的收入都是正当收入④确立了劳动、资本、技术和管理等生产要素按贡献参与分配的原则A．①②③
B．①③④
C．②③④
D．①②③④ 11．材料中所说的“统一”，从经济学角度看就是
A．按资本分配与按劳分配的统一B．按管理分配与按资本分配的统一 C．按劳分配与按技术分配的统一D．按信息要素分配与按劳分配的统一 孔子说：“不患寡，而患不均。”据此回答12—13题。12．从孔子的话正确的一面中，我们可以得到的启示是
A．必须始终坚持以经济建设为中心
B．必须高度重视生活资料的分配问题C要努力实现全体人民的共同富裕D．必须严格防止劳动者出现收入差距 13．人们现在看来，孔子的话错误主要在于
A．违背了“社会公平”的原则
B．违背了“平等互利”的原则 C．违背了“效率优先”的原则
D．违背了“等价交换”的原则 14．党的十六大报告指出：“一切为我国社会主义现代化建设做出贡献的劳动，都是光荣的，都应该得到承认和尊重”；“一切合法的劳动收入和合法的非劳动收入，都应该得到保护”。根据这一精神，受国家保护的个人收入有①存款收入②股票收益③工资收入④传销收入 A．①②③
B．①③④
C．②③④
D．①②③④ 某国有控股企业为建健全收入分配的激励机制和约束机制，在企业内部逐步实行职工持股参与企业收益分配的制度。回答15——16题 15．下列对该企业这一做法的认识，正确的是
A．该企业由此已变为集体经济B．它使该企业的国有性质发生了改变 C．它取消了按劳分配，强化了按劳动力要素分配
D．这是探索在企业内部建立生产要素参与分配的新机制
16．职工持股参与企业收益分配属于
A．按土地要素分配
B．按劳动力要素分配
C．按资本要素分配
D．按技术、信息要素分配 17．党的十六大报告指出：“确立劳动、资本、技术和管理等生产要素按贡献参与分配的原则。”这一原则的提出
A．是对以往分配制度改革认识的深化B．是对按劳分配原则的进一步完善 C．承认了劳动、资本、技术和管理都是创造社会财富的源泉
D．目的是“让一切创造财富的源泉充分涌流，以造福于人民”
18．正确坚持“效率优先，兼顾公平”的原则必须做到 A．既要反对平均主义，又要防止收入差距悬殊
B．要允许和鼓励一部分地区和个人通过诚实劳动和合法经营先富起来，带动其他地区和个人致富，最终达到共同富裕
C．正确处理初次分配注重公平与再分配注重效率的关系
D．在鼓励人们创业致富的同时，倡导回报社会和先富帮后富
19．财政是国家对一部分社会产品所进行的分配与再分配。财政收入只能来自于A．社会总产品中的补偿基金部分B．社会总产品中的国民收入部分 C．社会总产品中的个人消费基金部分D社会总产品中的扩大生产基金部分
20．我国的财政收入连年大幅度增长,有效地支持了国家建设和各项事业的发展。财政收入包括
A．税收收入、利润收入、债务收入以及其他收入 B．税收收入、外债收入、利润收入以及其他收入 C．债务收入、外汇收入、利润收入以及其他收入
D．税收收入、外汇收入、债务收入以及其他收入
21．2005年我国财政收入保持良好的增长趋势，首次突破3万亿元。与此同时，国家用于经济建设等各项事业的支出也同步增长。这说明
A．财政应保持大量节余
B．财政收入是财政支出的目的 C．合理的财政支出能够增长财政收入 D财政是国家实现其职能的物质保证
2006年3月5日，财政部长金人庆在向全国人大报告工作时说，2005年全国财政收入突破三万亿元，达到31627.98亿元，比2004年增加5231.51亿元，增长19.8%；全国财政支出33708.12亿元，比2004年增加5221.23亿元，增长18.3%。据此回答22—24题 22．从国家取得收入的形式看，下列形成我国国家财政收入的有①税收②政府对种粮农户给予补贴③财政部在国外发行债券④国防建设费用
A．①②
B．③④
C．②④
D．①③
23．从报告可以看出，2005年我国的财政收支状况是
A．财政盈余B财政收支平衡C．财政赤字D．财政资金得到最充分的利用
24．国家财政收入的快速增长的根本原因是
A．经济发展
B．财税部门加强征管
C．债务收入增加
D．国民收入分配合理 25．下列关于财政赤字的表述，正确的是①财政赤字就是当年的财政收入等于或小于财政支出的经济现象②财政赤字的出现会导致经济危机 ③财政赤字的出现，可能会导致通货膨胀④财政赤字是当年财政收入小于财政支出、出现差额的经济现象A．①③ B．①④
C．③④
D．③ 26．2005年我国将进一步减少财政赤字规模，控制赤字。2006年中国的财政赤字将达到3000亿元，比去年减少198亿元，实现财政政策由扩张性向中性转变。这一转变有利于
A．平衡社会总供给和总需求，防止通货紧缩B．扩大企业生产，增加个人购买力C．平衡社会总供给和总需求，防止通货膨胀D．加大社会投资规模，促进生产发展 27．经济发展水平对财政的影响是基础性的。因此，增加财政收入必须首先 A．增加国债的发行量
B．适时适度调整分配政策，完善分配制度 C．减少财政的经济建设等方面的支出，开源节流
D．努力发展经济，增强国家的综合经济实力
28．有效调节资源配置，促进经济发展，是财政的一个重要作用。下列直接表明这一作用的选项是①提高城镇居民最低生活保障标准②加大基础设施建设的投入③发行国债增加财政收入④增加对西部地区的投入
A．①②③④
B．①②④
C．②③④
D．②④
29．近年来，国家多次提高机关事业单位职工工资和离退休人员工资。这表明财政A．为改善人民生活提供物质保障
B．可以集中力量办大事
C．为人民创造和谐的生活环境
D．是巩固国家政权的物质保障
30． “十五”时期，全国财政用于就业和社会保障方面的支出年均增长16.3％，占总支出的比重也提高到2005年的11％。其中，中央财政对基本养老保险基金的补助支出从1998年的20亿元增加到2005年的545亿元，累计达到2826亿元。“十一五”期间，财政用于就业和社会保障方面的支出还将大幅度增加。这表明
A．财政可以有效地调节资源配置B．财政是国家实现经济监督的重要手段
C．财政极大地促进了经济的发展D．财政有利于促进人民生活水平的提高 31．“所谓赋税，就是国家不付任何报酬而向居民取得的东西。”列宁这句话的含义是 A．税收是国家通过法律形式予以确定的，征税必须有法律依据 B．企业不管是否盈利都要依法纳税C．税收具有固定性
D．国家取得的税收收入既不需要返还纳税人也不需要对纳税人付出代价
32．在任何国家，税收作为取得财政收入的基本形式，都是为国家实现其职能服务的，既具有共同的基本特征，也因社会制度的不同，性质也各不相同。下列说法不符合税收相同点的是
A．都是以国家政治权力为前提的分配关系
B．分配的主体都是人民 C．税款都是取之于民
D．税款都是用之于民
我国人口老龄化问题未来20年是关键，而我国目前仍然存在养老保险基金缺口较大、养老保险覆盖面不宽、各地养老保险基金参差不齐等问题。据此回答。33．有关专家提出开征社会保险税，取代原来的养老保险费，以减少拖欠养老保险费的现象。这主要是利用税收基本特征中的①强制性②民主性③无偿性④固定性A．①②
B．②③
C．③④
D．①④
34．如果开征社会保险税，仍有企业有意违反税法规定，不缴或少缴应纳税款，这种行为属于A．偷税
B．漏税
C．欠税
D．抗税
35．某织布厂，在半年的时间里，采取销售不开发票或少开发票，不如实申报销售收入等手段，共少缴纳税款1万元。该织布厂的这种做法属于 A．抗税
B．骗税
C．欠税
D．偷税
2005年10月27日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国个人所得税法〉的决定》，将个人工资薪金所得税征收起点调至1600元，此项规定从2006年1月1日起实行，根据财政部、国家税务总局2006年3月21日联合下发的通知，从4月1日起，我国对现行消费税的税目、税率及相关政策进行了调整。据此回答36—37题
36．国家根据经济和社会发展的需要，依照法定程序进行税制调整与改革，这主要与税收的什么特点相联系。
A．强制性
B．无偿性
C．固定性
D．平等性
37．我们应该这样看待调高个人工资薪金所得税起征点
A．可以增加我国的财政收入B．有利于调节居民收入差距，实现社会公平C．可以实现居民之间的绝对平均分配D．可以保证共同富裕目标的实现 38．美国个人所得税占整个税收的66%，美国联邦各州、县税务局每年都对纳税人进行抽查，一旦查出偷税，哪怕数量很少，也会被罚得倾家荡产。这给我们的启示是 A．我国也应该年年做好对纳税人的抽查工作
B．整顿税收秩序必须强化税收执法，对各种违反税法的行为加大打击力度 C．我国应该把税收征管作为国家的中心工作抓好 D．我们应该把税收作为国家财政收入的主要来源
39．纳税人和负税人既有区别又有联系，下列对二者关系理解正确的是
A．纳税人是税款的缴纳者，也是实际承担者
B．负税人是税法规定的直接负有纳税义务的单位和个人
C．当通过一定途径将税款转嫁他人负担时，纳税人就是负税人 D．负税人是实际或最终的税款承担者，纳税人不一定是负税人 40．税务部门向开小卖部的小王征税，小王拒绝纳税，理由是：“我是个体户，小本经营，还要纳税吗”我们应这样看待小王的行为：①小王拒绝纳税的行为涉嫌违法，但与道德无关②小王拒绝纳税的行为既涉嫌违法，又是不道德的③小王应缴纳企业所得税④小王应缴纳个人所得税A．③④
B．①④
C．②④
D．①③ 二简答与论述（20分）41、52．（8分）在个人收入分配上，讲求效率优先，就难以兼顾公平；而讲求公平，就难以做到效率优先。请问：你认为这句话对吗？为什么？
42、54．（13分）受国务院委托，财政部3月5日向十届全国人大四次会议提交了《关于2015年中央和地方预算执行情况与2016年中央和地方预算草案的报告》。《报告》显示，重点安排的支出有：2016年全年中央财政预算安排用于‘三农’的支出将达到3397亿元，比2015年实际执行数增加422亿元，增长14.2%，高于中央财政总收入、总支出的增长水平，占中央财政总支出增量的21.4%； 中央财政安排社会保障补助支出和就业再就业支出1859.82亿元，比2015年增加236.23亿元，增长14.5%；中央财政科技支出安排716.04亿元，比2005年增加115.26亿元，增长19.2%。此外，2016年，中央财政预算内基建投资总规模1154亿元，2016年国防预算为2838亿元人民币,约合351亿美元,比上年预算执行数增长14.7%。
阅读上述材料，回答：
（1）2016年中央财政的几项重点支出说明了什么？（4分）
（2）上述材料体现了财政的哪些作用？（8分）
高一政治12月月考参考答案
一、选择题（80分）
题 号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 答 案 C A C B D A D B D D C B C A D C 题 号 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 答 案 B C B A D D C A C C D D A D D B 题 号 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 答 案 D A B C B B D C A C B 二简答与论述（20分）41 这一观点是不正确的。（1分）
因为尽管效率与公平分别强调不同的方面，两者又存在矛盾（2分），但是在社会主义市场经济条件下，效率与公平具有一致性。其一致性表现在以下两个方面：第一，效率是公平的物质前提。社会公平的逐步实现只有在发展生产力、提高经济效率、增加社会财富的基础上才有可能。没有效率作为前提和基础的公平，只能导致平均注意和普遍贫穷（3分）。第二，公平是提高经济效率的保证。只有维护劳动者公平分配的权利，保证劳动者的利益，才能激发劳动者发展生产、提高经济效率的积极性（2分）。
42（1）财政支出重点向“三农”、社会保障和再就业、科技国防等方面加大投入说明政府对这些方面的重视，同时也是我国当前建设社会主义新农村、构建社会主义和谐社会、建设创新型国家的政策的具体体现。（4分）
（2）财政是促进社会公平改善人民生活的物质保障；3分
3.高一上学期教材目录12 篇三
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. Practice. vi/vt 实践;练习practise doing sth 练习做某事
practice n. 练习;实践 eg. Practice makes perfect.(熟能生巧)put …into practice 付诸实践;
practical a. 实际的;实用的
practiced a. 熟练的;精通的
2. What do you have in mind?你心里在想什么?
have sth./sb，in mind意为心中想着(某人/某事)’含 mind的短语有：chang one’s mind“改变主意”;be in one’s mind有……的想法、想念”;have/there is sth on one’s mind有……心事”;keep in mind记住：make up one’s mind“打定主意.read one’s mind“看出……的心事,知道……在想什么”;。out of sight,out of mind “眼不见为净”等.
mind还可作动词，意为“当心，介意，注意，照看”等 例如：
Mind your own business少管闲事
Mind your manners.Peter!彼得，注意礼貌!
3.辨析：other，another，others，the other，the others
(1)other意为“其他的”，数量不确定。常与some相对。如：
①When winter comes，some birds fly to the south;other birds stay.
冬天到来时，有些鸟儿飞去南方，其他的留下来。
②I’m busy now，please ask me about it some other time.
我现在正忙，请另找个时间问我此事的情况。
注意：other 修饰复数名词，可以换成others，如①中的other birds可以换成others
(2)the other用于修饰单数可数名词或修饰复数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，表示确定的数量。如：
③The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.班上其余的学生闭着眼睛。
④Show me the other hand.把另一只手拿给我看看。
注意：the other修饰单数可数名词,可单独使用，修饰复数名词，可以换成the others，但other本身不能单独使用
(3)another等于one other，表示不确定的另外一个，可以单独用，也可修饰名词，并且只能修饰可数名词。如：
③I don’t like this one，please show me another.我不喜欢这个，请给我拿另一个看看。
another也可修饰复数名词，意为“另外的”。如：
⑥There’s room for another few people in the back of the bus.这辆公共汽车的后边还能坐下几个人。
4. spread v. 传播;散布;使伸展 [注意]过去式,过去分词和原形相同
If I tell you the secret, don’ t spread it around. 如果我告诉你这个秘密，请不要传播。
The fire soon spread through the whole of the town. 火很快蔓延到整个城市。
I spread my arms as far apart as I could. 我尽可能地将双臂伸展开
Spread out 伸展身体，摊开，散开
There’s more room to spread out in first class. 在头等舱宽敞些，伸得开腿。
Do you have to spread yourself out all over the sofa? 你就非得躺下，把整个沙发占了才行吗?
The searchers spread out to cover the area faster. 搜索人员分散开来，好更快搜索这一地区。
Papers had been spread out on the desk. 各种报纸摊在桌上。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
5. universal a.全体的;普遍的;;众所周知的;宇宙的;全世界的;万能的,通用的;多才多艺的;博闻广见的
The government introduced universal secondary education years ago. 几年前,政府就倡导普及中等教育。
Football is a universal game. 足球是一项全球性的运动。
It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. 玩具在世界各地发展的一致性和它们持续到今天是令人惊奇的。
6. pick(v.)的用法
(1)摘、捡、拾
e.g. He picked her a rose. 他为她摘了朵玫瑰花。
The little birds were picking the grain. 小鸟在啄食粮食。
(2)挑选
Please pick a good book for me. 请为我选本好书。
(3)pick out选好、选出、认出、看清楚
Pick out those books that you’d like to read. 把你喜欢看的书选出来。
We could pick out different places in the city from the plane.我们能从飞机上把城里的各个地方认出来。
(4)pick up拾起，拿起(非正规地)学会，学到，取(某物)，接(某人)上车;听到，收听，用便宜的价钱买到
Please pick up all the pieces of paper. 请把所有的纸片都捡起来。
He picked up French while he was staying in Paris. 他在巴黎逗留期间学会了法语。
The bus stopped and picked up three people. 公共汽车停住，上来了三个人。
My radio can pick up VOA very clearly. 我的收音机听美国之音很清楚。
6. desire vt. (不用于进行时) 渴望，期望，想望 (desire to do )
We all desire health and happiness. 我们都渴望健康和幸福。
Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country. 想住在这个国家北部的人就更少了。
Desire 引导从句：表示 “建议、请求、命令、要求” 等主观意向的词(如：suggest、advise、assume、decide、demand、desire、insist、propose、order、recommend、require、suggest...)，引导宾语从句时需用虚拟语气。虚拟语气中的格式很固定：谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。注意这种句型中的虚拟语气形式不受主句动词时态的影响。
n. 欲望，渴望(for sth, to do )
7. entertain vt.1. 使欢乐,使娱乐 2. 招待,款待(+with/at/to) vi. 款待,请客
We were all entertained by his humorous stories. 他的幽默故事使我们大家都很开心。
They often entertained their friends at weekends. 他们常在周末招待朋友。
8. 绝大多数带宾语的及物动词都可以从主动语态变成被动语态。但在下列情况下则不能转换。
(1)受动词的限制
表示状态的及物动词。这类动词有：hold(容纳)，own(拥有)，owe(归属)，suit(适合)，contain(包括)，cost(花费)，lack(缺少)，love(爱)，hate(恨)，have(有)，last(持续)等。不能转换成被动语态。
e.g. We have a new house. 我们有座新房子。
The great hall holds 2 000 people. 这个大厅能容纳2 000人。
The paper will last me a whole term. 这纸够我一学期用。
have表示“吃(饭)”“患(病)”“明白”“知道”等意思时，没有被动语态。
e.g. She had no English. 她不懂英语。
Have you had your lunch?
你吃过午饭了吗?
谓语部分有表示主语“能力”的can，或有表示主语“意愿”的will，would，would rather，dare等时，不能转换成被动结构。
e.g. I can speak English. 我会说英语。
John will marry Rose. 约翰将与罗丝结婚。
be，become，turn，get，go，fall，look，sound等系动词后面的各词是表语，也不能转换成被动语态。
e.g. His dream has become a reality. 他的梦想已经实现。
He has turned scientist. 他已成为科学家。
一些由及物动词与各词构成的不可分割的短语动词，也不能变成被动语态。
e.g. Great changes have taken place since liberation.
解放以来发生了巨大的变化。
We should not lose heart，but make another try.
我们不应灰心，而应再试一次。
He often makes faces in class.
他常在课堂上扮鬼脸。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
(2)受宾语的限制
含有下列情况的宾语时，主动语态不能转换成被动语态。
表示地点、处所的名词作宾语时，常见的动词有：leave，enter，reach，join等。
e.g. He reached Beijing at 6 o’clock. 他在六点钟到达北京。
He entered the office. 他走进了办公室。
Her brother joined the army two years ago. 她哥哥两年前参的军。
She swam across the river. 她游过了河。
同源名词作宾语，常见的动词有die，sleep，smile，laugh，fight，live等。
e.g. We are living a happy life. 我们过着愉快的生活。
I dreamed a wonderful dream. 我做了一个美梦。
有些抽象名词作宾语。
e.g. He lost interest in English. 他对英语失去了兴趣。
反身代词、相互代词、动词不定式、动名词作宾语时。
e.g. She killed herself in . 她自杀的。
We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
I want to watch TV every day. 我想每天看电视。
John enjoys singing. 约翰喜欢唱歌。
宾语前带有指代主语的物主代词。
e.g. The doctor shook his head. 大夫摇了摇头。
宾语常是表示“度量”的名词。
e.g. We walked two miles. 我们走了两英里。
cost，wish，promise等带双宾语时。
e.g. It costs me much time. 它花了我很多时间。
He promised us to come. 他答应我们要来。
love，like，want，wish，get，cause等带复合宾语时。
e.g. Do you really wish him to go? 你真的希望他去?
He has to get someone to help him. 他必须让某个人来帮助他。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
五、高考真题
1.(2001 上海)The new suspension bridge(吊桥)___________by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed
简析：选B。本题由时间状语by the end of last month可以确定用过去完成时，再由design动作的承受者suspension bridge作主语可以确定用被动语态。
2.(NMET 2000)I’ve worked with children before, so I know what____ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
简析：选B。know learn, decide等后边常跟“wh-+to do”的结构，相当于wh-词引出的宾语从句。此处不强调进行，排除C。B项相当于“so I know I should expect what in my new job.”,expect的主语应该是“人(工)”。若用A、D两项的动词作what从句的谓语动词，它的主语则不是“人”而是“物(what)”。因此句型结构错误。
3.(2001 春)If this dictionary is not yours, ___________can it be?
A. what else B. who else C. which else’s D. who else’s
简析：选D。“……它还可能是别的什么人的呢?”此处是说字典的拥有者，与“人”有关，排除A、C两项。主语“it”指字典，表语不可能是“人”，排除B，而是“某人的”，故D正确。注意：属格的符号“‘”，要加在else上。
4.(2001 春)Hundreds of jobs ___________if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
简析：选B。从句意看是对将来的假设，if条件从句中是(用一般现在时“closes”代替)一般将来时，主句“结果”也应是将来的时态，排除A、C两项。job和lose应为被动关系，排除D项。
Unit 12. Art and Literature
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. Make 的用法
(一)make+宾语+宾补
make一词可搭配的宾语补足语有以下几种情况：
(1)make+adj.+n./adj.
We have made him our monitor. 我们推选他为班长。
The news of her death made us sad. 她死亡的消息使我们悲伤。
当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。
I made it a condition that everybody must be present. 我提出条件，人人都要出席。
That made it impossible for us to go on. 这使我们没法进行下去。
(2)make+adj.+do sth.
They made me retell the story. 他们要我重讲一遍这个故事。
注意：在被动结构中，不定式要带“to”。
I was made to retell the story.
(3)make+adj.+v.-ed
The strange noise made the child frightened. 奇怪的声音使孩子感到恐惧。
通常情况下，make后的宾语是反身代词时，作宾语的动词要用过去分词，即：
make oneself+v.-ed(heard,known,understood)
He spoke so loud as to make himself heard. 他大声地说以便能让人听清楚。
Will you please make yourself known to us in English? 你能用英语给我们作一下自我介绍吗?
但有时，视句意也可用其他形式。
The little child stood on the chair to make himself look taller. 那个小孩站在椅子上，使他看上去更高些。
2. power n. 能力，力量;政权;权利
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量.
The leader has the power to make a decision. 领导有做决定的权利。
A new power station has been built. 这儿新建了一座发电站.
短语：take power/come into power上台，开始执政 out of/beyond one’s power能力所不及 power politics 强权政治
可数名词，“强国，有影响的人或事” the Western Powers 西方列强
3.trick n. 可数名词，“诡计，计谋” play a trick on sb 捉弄某人
He got the money from me by a trick.
vt. trick sb into doing sth “用计诱使某人做某事”
She tricked him into marrying her.
4.series n.“系列，连续”，单复数相同 a series of “一系列”
a series of school textbooks 一套教科书 television series 电视连续剧 in series 连续地，顺序地
5. treat vt 1) 对待 treat ……as/like “把当作/像一样对待”
e.g. They treated me as one of the family.
2) 治疗 treat a disease/sb “治病/为某人治疗”
e.g. The doctors were not able to treat this disease.
3) 款待，请客， 常用于 treat sb to (sth)这一结构，表示“以某物款待某人” be one’s treat 由(该)某人请客
We will treat you to dinner. 我们请你吃饭
6. in trouble 处于困境中，有麻烦
You’d better ask for leave, or you may be in trouble. 你最好还是去请假，否则你可能有麻烦.
与trouble 相关的常用搭配：
have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有麻烦 get into/out of trouble 陷入/摆脱困境
7. habit n.习惯，习性. 常可以构成以下短语：
be in/ form/develop/have a habit of doing sth 有(养成)做…….的习惯
get/fall into the habit of 染上……的习惯 out of habit 出于习惯
I only do it out of habit. 我只是出于习惯。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
8. shoulder n.肩膀 vt.肩负,承当
She shouldn’t shoulder all the blame for the mistake.
[习语] shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 give sb the cold shoulder 以冷淡态度对待某人
9. with a scar on his forehead 是with的复合宾语结构，宾语补足语除介词短语外，还有形容词,副词,过去分词,不定式,---ing等.
e.g. The boy was sleepy soundly, with a smile on his face.
他被绑着双手带进来. He was brought in, with his hands tied behind him.
With a lot of difficult problem to settle the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
10. as if“好像，仿佛”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句，有时还可以接不定式.引导方式状语从句时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气.
e.g. He talked as if he had been to Beijing. 他说话好象去过北京。
It looks as if the suit was made by her mother. 看起来这件衣服是她的妈妈做的。
He opened his mouth as if to say something. 他张开口好象要说什么。
He acts as if(he was)a fool. 他做事像个傻子。
She left the room hurriedly as if(she was) angry. 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. 当铅笔一部分在水里时，看起来象折了一样。
11. if only 在文中表示“但愿，要是…..就好了”，是对前面所述情况的一种假设，句子多用虚拟语气;
It’s a wonderful job. If only I could do it. 这工作棒极了，要是我能做就好了.
Look at the trouble I am in!If only I had followed your advice. 看看我现在的麻烦!我要是早听你的建议就好了。
[知识拓展] 1).only if 表示“只有…..才”, 强调条件实现的依据.
You will be able to speak English well only if you practice constantly.
2).as long as “只要”具有很强的时间延续性，从句的动词常为延续性动词.
You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.
12. 1.They were about to steal into the house while a few policemen came up.
简析：将while改为when。表示“正准备做某事，突然……”时，连词要用when。此时when相当于and at that time;and then,不可用while。因为while用作并列连词时，表示转折和对比之意。
2.His teacher loves him very much as if she is his mother.
答案：将is改为were。当as if引导的从句表示一种不真实的情况时，谓语动词需用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反时，要用过去式，be动词不论第几人称，均用were。
3.Nothing which you do will make any difference.
答案：去掉which或将which改为that。先行词是不定代词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which,作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。
4.He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.
答案：应将know改为knows。因为one前有the only修饰，one 指代名词单数teacher,而不是复数名词the teachers。
5.Tom made rapid progress at school, as pleased his parents a lot.
答案：将as改为which。as和which都能引导一个先行词是整个主句内容的非限制性定语从句。as有词义，可译为“正如……”，which无词义，只代表主句的意思，可译为“这件事”“这一点”。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
五、高考真题
1.(NMET 2000)Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up _________I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since AC. until A D. before
简析：答案为D。before用作连词时，表示时间，意思是“在……之前”，但在实际应用中，要看语境，其译法非常灵活。此句应译为：“有人在半夜给我打了电话，可是我还未来得及接电话他就挂断了。”
2. (NMET 2001)___________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
简析：答案为B。as和which均可引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，但as引出的从句可放在句首、句中或句末，而which引出的从句通常只能放在主句后面。
3. (2000上海)Recently I bought a Chinese vase, ___________was very reasonable.
A. which B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
简析：答案为B。这是考查非限制性定语从句的用法，the price of which=whose price,是指代前面的Chinese vase的一种所有格的变形。
4. (NMET 2000)Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare-you must learn to______.
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
简析：答案为D。share意为“共同分享”，合乎语境。
5. (NMET 1999)Carol said the work would be done by October, ________personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
4.上学期12月份总结 篇四
12月份的教学工作在紧张的复习考试中度过，由于全体教师的辛勤努力，我们达到了教学秩序稳定，期末收尾工作稳妥的良好效果。
一、常规工作。1、12月12日，各个学科相继进入了期末复习状态，为了能够有计划更加科学的把握复习进程，学校要求各个学科要向学校提交复习计划。在复习阶段，学校领导加强了对复习课的教学管理，能够深入课堂，悉心研究各学科复习课的上法，努力提高复习课的课堂效率。听课期间，学校领导能够及时同任课教师交换意见，共同探讨复习课的教学新思路和多媒体在教学中的使用效率等一些问题。通过听课看，出现一些比较好的具有一定特点的复习课，例如，孙金福的课，结合小六学生的特点，通过各种方式引领学生复习单词，并且要求学生掌握复习的方法和规律。李秀英的课，充分利用课件，把知识结构系统化，针对中考题型设计教学环节，善于调动学生的学习积极性，教学中激励性评价方面突出。杨艳霞的课，充分利用课件加大课堂容量，复习目的明确，教学设计层次清晰。秦海光的课，教学要求明确，教学语言有感染力，善于调动学生的学习积极性，评价语言贴切到位，课堂上学习氛围浓厚。董洪斌的课，复习线路清晰，十分注意语言的问题设置，复习效果好。冯万海的课，善于引导学生的学习积极性，充分利用自身丰厚的教学功底，去感染学生，征服学生。鲍禹的课，教学设计符合复习课的要求，注意新旧知识的联系，个人素质好，有一定的教学感染力。袁月杰的课，注意变式训练，有效地进行重点、难点突破。刘国荣的课，能够针对中考题型编排练习题，对学生易错的问题反复练习。当然，我们提到的教师的课也只不过是在复习阶段领导听过的部分复习课，还有很多教师的复习课领导没有听到，据了解大多数也都是很好的。
2、期末考试工作稳步落实。按照上级业务部门的要求，学校严格按照规定进行了考场布置、监考安排、流水批卷和质量分析，这项工作在安排的时候，学校考虑到大家工作的艰苦和疲劳，采取了轮换式监考的安排方式，要求监考教师采取站立式、一前一后、中间不外出的监考方式进行监考，从考试过程看，全体教师基本上能够按照学校的要求去做，每个考场的黑板都有警示语，有考试时间，肖丹和许桂凤还能把名字写到黑板上。教师能够站立式监考，多数保证了一前一后，能佩戴标志，基本上不外出。教育局李局长、普教股王股长以及进修学校的王校长、谷主任、吕主任到我校看考场，对我校的工作十分满意，这都是全体教师共同努力的结果。但是，也不是说这次考试的考务工作一点问题没有，比如说，个别教师有坐着监考的，有外出的，有不带监考标志的，学校对上述情况都有记录，也及时批评了相关教师。在批卷和质量分析环节，教师们的工作态度也十分积极主动，有的教师抢时间、挤时间批卷，有的教师登录成绩不怕麻烦，几次和学校核对数据，力争做到准确无误。在全体教师的共同努力下，期末考试工作进展顺利，在规定时间之内完成了各项任务。
3、临近期末，教务处责成各教研组长对教师的常规教学工作进行了检查，教务处做了抽查。从教案检查来看，教师们书写教案较以前 有所进步，能够做到认真书写，教学设计环节清楚，同时，还能书写出复习阶段的复习教案。存在的问题是个别教案书写简单，教学环节设计有缺项。从教师听课检查来看，教师们都完成了本学期的听课任务，存在的问题是，有的教师的听课笔记书写潦草，没有点评和总评。从检查作业批改情况看，多数教师的作业批改还是比较认真的，特别是复习阶段，可以看出，作业的批改比较注重实效。但是，还是存在作业量小，达不到复习效果等一些问题。
另外，教务处对教师的钢楷书写完成情况做了检查，多数教师在学校规定的期限完成了任务，只有个别教师没有写完20页，还有几个人是别人代写的，希望这些教师在假期把没有完成的作业补上。
12月份各学科进入期末复习阶段，学校要求各学科教师在12月12日之前上交期末复习计划，现在看上交最好的是八年级，学校对上交情况做了记录，情况是，六年级上交了英语，七年级上交了数学和英语，八年级上交了英语、数学、物理、历史、生物，学校对没有上交复习计划的学科和教师提出批评，希望以后不要出现这样的事情。
二、教学活动。
1、在学校的安排下，12月份，各教研组开展了教学论坛展示活动，可以说，这次教学活动规模之大，质量之高，是以往学校没有过的。活动具有的特点：一是几乎学校所有的教师人人参加，形成了一定的规模。二是各教研组都十分重视，撰稿，做课件，反复推敲，模拟演练，统一服装等等，有些做法是学校事先没有估计到的，你们让 学校领导看到了我校教师潜在的表现能力，看到了一些教师较强的组织能力，也看到了教师们的团结协作能力。三是论坛的效果好，质量高。各教研组对命题的理解深刻，对内涵的挖掘比较透彻。通过论坛，我们对“六化教学法”有了更加深刻的理解，能够更好地把理论和实践结合起来。通过论坛，实现了教师之间的和谐和沟通，实现了教师同学校之间的有效交流，让疑惑寻找答案，让心灵顺利沟通，让资源得到共享，让期望变成现实，让更多的教师在这种不寻常的交流中尽快地成长起来。
2、对第二次阶段性考试进行了质量分析。这次质量分析，学校从本学期最近两次考试的变化，从横向班级和班级、学科和学科的比较，纵向自己和自己比较的办法，从不同角度详细进行了分析，为教师的教学发展提供了有力的依据。各学科教师也能客观地从教学态度、教学方法、教学策略、学情变化等方面，对本学科的教学情况进行认真细致的分析，达到了预期的效果。
3、继12月2日刘永志搞了硬笔书法讲座之后，12月14日，学校又开展了教师硬笔书法竞赛，由于学校十分重视这项工作，教师们积极参与，可以说，竞赛活动取得了十分好的效果，一些写字优秀的教师脱颖而出，也掀起了教师们热爱写字、积极练字的高潮。本次竞赛，王奇志、张敏、丁福来、李玉龙、吕红玉、秦海光、孙金福、胡玉东获特等奖。由于教师论坛和教师书法竞赛两项活动都有专项总结，因此也就不多说了。4、12月份，各教研组在学校的要求下，继续开展了主科阶段性 竞赛，在组织过程中，各教研组长开展工作主动，在出题、评卷、录取等方面，都要求到位，使这项工作得到了顺利完成。值得表扬的是李春兰、岳春国、李俭华三位教师，在学生竞赛中，担当了监考任务，协助学校完成了这项工作。
三、存在的问题。
1、在复习阶段，发现有的教师或者是不会上复习课，或者是在教学态度上对复习课就有放松的习惯，有的教师上复习课就是讲题，就题论题，缺乏对知识的系统归纳，缺乏理论和实践的整合。
5.11—12学年上学期保育计划 篇五
2013年～2014学上学期保育工作计划2013、8
一、工作重点：
1、认真落实各项卫生保健制度，做好一日生活卫生常规和各项消毒工作，并进行登记，有效地防止各种传染病的发生，保证幼儿健康安全。
2、认真学习《纲要》精神和园务计划，更新保教观念，把保育工作落到实处。
3、对班级、部门的卫生、消毒工作进行每周小检、抽查，每二周大检，努力为幼儿营造一个安全、健康、舒适的环境。
4、组织业务学习，通过探讨、观摩、外出参观、写心得等学习形式提高保育教师保育和保健意识及配合班级老师指导幼儿活动的能力。
5、加强各室物品管理，严格按规定摆放，确保常态常规的落实。
二、具体工作安排：
八月份：
1、做好室内外和物品的清洁消毒工作，加强手足口病和甲流的预防工作。
2、调整好班级的床位、桌椅等。
3、各班、各部门做好财产核对工作。
九月份：
1、耐心细致照顾新入园的幼儿和加强体弱儿的日常管理，对他们的衣、食、睡、行等给予特别照顾和护理。
2、按照物品消毒要求定期定时进行常规消毒和加强型消毒，并 认真进行登记，有效地控制手足口病和甲流的发生。
3、抽查一日生活的各项活动和小小班的半天生活。
4、每二周进行卫生检查、月底全园大搞室内外环境卫生。
5、组织业务学习。
十月份：
1、各班要做好每天“三查”和消毒工作，预防秋季传染病。
2、抽查一日生活的各项活动和小班的半天生活。
3、每二周进行卫生检查、月底全园大搞室内外环境卫生，迎接省一级幼儿园得复评工作。
4、组织业务学习。
十一月份：
1、注意季节的变化，及时增减衣服，提醒幼儿多喝开水。
2、继续加强日常消毒和每天“三查”，做好预防各种疾病工作。
3、保健知识学习。
4、抽查各班幼儿的卫生习惯、课室的内务。
5、每二周进行卫生检查、月底全园大搞室内外环境卫生。
十二月份：
1、继续按照物品消毒常规要求定期定时做好各项消毒工作。
2、抽查各班一日生活常规工作。
3、每二周进行卫生检查、月底全园大搞室内外环境卫生，迎接新年的到来。
一月份：
1、对幼儿进行身心发展状况的评价。
2、保育教师学期工作总结交流。
6.高一上学期总结 篇六
时间一声不吭，悄悄的溜走了。转眼间，高一生活已经过半。我回首着我这学期的成长。在学习上：经过了一个学期的学习，也很快适应了高中的学习节奏。知道了在平时的学习中，除了要学会自主学习，提高学习效率，科学的安排时间外，有一套合适自己的学习方法也是非常重要的。期末我义不容辞的选择了理科，我明白既然找到了自己的方向就应该去努力奋斗。补差自己的弱科，加大在语文英语上的功夫，多去记忆，扬长自己的强势科目。并让自己的基础知识更加牢固，在今后的学习上在上课积极回答老师问题，下课多与老师交流，探讨不懂得问题。回家多复习所讲的知识形成自己的知识网络。让成绩更一步的提高！
在纪律方面，基本可以做到：尊重教师，同学之间可以真诚相待；能遵守学校各项纪律，遵守公共秩序，遵守社会公德；不迟到、不早退、不旷课；上学穿校服；举止文明； 有良好的卫生习惯，不乱扔废弃物。
7.高一上学期语法总结 篇七
1.定语从句的结构及理解
2.定语从句的关系词的使用
3.定语从句的简化表达
知识总结归纳
（一）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：
限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
1.Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2.Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3.Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4.Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.（二）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1.There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2.In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3.A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4.The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5.Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6.Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1.There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2.Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点
（一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。
1.The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2.There is one thing that keeps worrying me.（三）定语从句的简化表达：
1.The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2.The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3.The question that is being discussed is very important.4.You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：
1.The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3.The question being discussed is very important.4.You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：
1.被修饰名词+doing短语：正在做„.的人/正在发生的事。
2.被修饰名词+ done短语：被„..的人/事
3.被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被„..的人/事
4.被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被„..的人/事（1）Do you know the man talking to my sister ?（2）The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.（3）Did you see that car being repaired ?（4）In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.（5）The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.（6）Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.（7）The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。
1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。
2.分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的
3.不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的 【典型例题】
[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives.A.which B.that C.who D.it 分析：_____ plays an important role in people’s lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。答案：A
[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.A.who B.whom C.with whom D.to whom 分析：_____ I worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle Li，从句完整的表达是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago.所以关系词前应加上介词with。答案：C
[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ? A.he explained B.what he explained C.how he explained D.why he explained 分析：定语从句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修饰先行词the reason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。答案：A
[例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.A.who B.that C.which D.whose 分析：非限定性定语从句_____ work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose 答案：D
[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。_____in 776 BC做定语修饰The Olympic Games，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。答案：C
[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A.built B.to be built C.to build D.being built 分析：根据句意房子即将开工。_____ for the teachers and the construction work修饰The houses应为The houses The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。答案：B
[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion? A.attended B.attending C.to attend D.have attended 分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us做定语。与全句动作同步.答案：B
[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.A.who B.one of whom C.one of them D.none of them 分析：非限定性定语从句__ is working in Australia修饰先行词three children，根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。答案：B
【模拟试题】
1.Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.A.whom I think did B.whom I think she did C.who I think did D.I think who did 2.Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.A.by which B.on which C.with which D.for which 3.The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.A.where B.which C.to which D.on which 4.The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A.when B.in that C.which D.in which 5.1.Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.A.being discussed B.discussed C.to be discussed D.to discuss 6.The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.A.cooked B.to be cooked C.is being cooked D.being cooked 7.Do you know the teacher _____ under the big tree ? A.read B.reads C.reading D.being read
【试题答案】
1.C Susan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词the very girl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句did the good deed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom 2.C 定语从句_____ he could buy a train ticket.修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：with 3.C 定语从句_____ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。devote„.to sth.关系词前加介词：to 4.A 定语从句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day ：先行词the day在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。
5.C 短语_____ tomorrow做定语修饰the question，根据表达的内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。
6.D 短语_____ at the moment做the food的定语,表示：正在做的食物。Being done 做定语表示：正在被„„的„„。
7.C 现在分词短语reading under the big tree做定语修饰the teacher 表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。
情态动词
1.情态动词的推测表达
2.情态动词表达虚拟语气
3.某些情态动词的特殊用法
知识重点与难点总结 知识重点：
情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：
（一）用情态动词表达事实的推测。can，could，might，may，must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，must表示“肯定„”，may / might / can / could表示“可能„„”，must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示“可能不„„”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可能„„吗?”，其否定式can’t / couldn’t 表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。
（二）对现在的事实进行推测：
主要结构：„must / may / might +动词原形
be+名词/形容词/介词短语
be + doing 例句：
1.You must be Jeanne.I’m Mathilde Loisel.We used to know each other very well.2.They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3.The teacher must be joking.4.Freda isn’t in class.She must be sick.5.There must be something wrong.6.She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.7.He may be arriving this evening.8.He may be traveling around the world.9.The keys can’t be in the room.I have just searched it very carefully.10.Can the news be true ?
（三）对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语 例句：
1.Mrs.Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2.He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday.She’s gone abroad.3.I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4.He might have overslept again.5.Where can Tom have gone ? 情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来„”，“不然早就„”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构：
should have done / ought to have done：本应该„„
shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done：本不该„„
could have done：本来可以„„
needn’t have done：本来没必要„„
would like to have done：本来很想„„
would rather not have done: 本来不愿意„„
could / might / have done: 不然早就„„ 例句：
1.You shouldn’t have laughed at his mistakes.2.You could have told us earlier.3.I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4.You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.5.We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.6.They would like to have seen that film last film.7.If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.8.They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知识难点：
某些情态动词的特殊用法：
need 和dare 的两种形式的用法
need 和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式（to do）结构，在疑问句和否定句中，加助动词do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词needn’t（没有必要，不必）相当于don’t have to 例句：
1.It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.2.Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you needn’t.3.How dare you speak to parents like that ? 注意：
句型I dare say+从句。意思是：我肯定„„ = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+从句。例句：
I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.will和would 表示“意志”或“愿意”，would 则指过去愿意做„„ 例句：
1.He said that he would help us.2.You may telephone if you will accept this job.would可以表达“过去习惯做„„”类似于“used to do” 例句：
1.When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.表示请求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do„? / Would you like to do„? 例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ? shall 1.用于第一，三人称，表示“请求”；“建议”或“推荐” 例句：
1.Shall we start the meeting now? 2.Shall I watch TV now ? 3.Shall my son carry the case for you ? 2.用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”，“许诺” 例句：
1.You shall take whatever you like.2.You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can /can’t /could / couldn’t表示，意思是：“可能„吗?”；“„不可能„”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等词。
【典型例题】
1.—Do you think he will do me a favor ? —As far as I know, he is the last one to help others.He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though.A.might B.must C.can D.should 分析：本题考查情态动词推测性用法。根据he is the last one to help others.（他是最不可能帮助别人的人），既然如此，那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案为A 2.—Look, someone is coming.Guess who it ____ be ? —I think it ___ be Tom.—I don’t think it ___ be ____.A.can;must;can;he B.may;can;must;him C.must;can;must;his D.might;must;can;himself 分析：根据备选答案。can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就应该是Guess who can it be? 第二句应该是I think it must be Tom.（说话人十分肯定）。第三句表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即：I don’t think it can be him/he.（不可能是他）。答案为A 3.—Do you know Ms.Wang likes walking after supper ? —Sure.She ____ around the campus now.A.must be walking B.must walk C.may walk D.may be walking 分析：关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境：她此刻肯定正在校园散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案为A 4.—I stayed at a hotel in New York.—Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara.A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would say D.must have stayed 分析：首句说：我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D选项不合题意。第二句在说：你本来可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done表示：本来可以。答案为A 5.Why didn’t you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _____ all the way here through the heavy snow.A.needn’t have driven B.can’t have driven
C.mustn’t have driven D.shouldn’t have driven
分析：根据句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有会？我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。Needn’t have done表示本来没必要。答案为A 6.I was really anxious about you.You _____ home without a word.A.mustn’t leave B.shouldn’t have left
C.couldn’t have left D.needn’t leave
分析：根据句意：我真的很担心你，你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家”已经发生了。Should have done正好表达了本句的意思。答案为B 7.A：Are you coming to Jeff’s party ? B：I’m not sure.I _____ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might 分析：根据B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去听音乐会。Might表示推测：可能。答案为D 8.A：I promise that she ____ get a nice present on her birthday.B：Will it be a big surprise to her ? A.should B.must C.would D.shall 分析：A说：“我答应她在生日聚会上她会得到一份生日礼物。shall表示许诺。答案为D 【模拟试题】
1.A：Is John coming by train ? B：He should, but he _____ not.He likes driving his car.A.must B.can C.need D.may 2.Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving 3.Sorry, I’m late.I _____ have turned off the alarm and gone to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.will 4.You _____ be tired—You’ve only been working for an hour.A.must not B.won’t C.can’t D.may not
5.—I didn’t go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down.—You _____ mine.I wasn’t using it.A.might borrow B.could have borrowed C.can have borrowed D.ought to borrow 6.—A man answered the phone.I suppose it was her husband.—It _____ her husband.He has been dead for ages.A.mustn’t be B.couldn’t have been
C.may not have been D.mustn’t have been
【试题答案】
1.分析：根据B的回答“他应该（坐火车来），但是也不一定，他喜欢开自己的车。本题考查了情态动词的推测用法。may表示不十分有把握的推测。答案为D 2.分析：根据句意：White先生本应该在8:30到这里出席会议的，可他（在8:30）没有到场。Should have done表示：本应该。答案为A 3.分析：本句是说话人在解释迟到的原因：我或许是关掉闹钟又睡了。might have done 表示对过去的推测：可能已经„„答案为A 4.分析：根据后半句You’ve only been working for an hour.（你才刚干了一个小时）说明
You _____ be tired（你不可能很累），can’t 表示“不可能”答案为C 5.分析：听到对方说“昨天车坏了而没去上班”，第二个人说“你本来可以借我的车去 上班。”本来可以/能：could have done.答案为B 6.分析：第二个人是说：那个人不可能是她丈夫，因为她丈夫已经去世多年了。根据对 话的语境，是在谈论过去的事，表示过去不可能：could not have done 答案为：B
与it有关的主要句型
it强调句型
知识总结归纳：
（一）it用做形式主语或形式宾语：根据句子结构的需要，it用做形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语或宾语（to do 短语，doing短语，名词性从句）则放在句尾。主要句型：
It’s +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句
to do sth.doing sth.find / make / think / feel it +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句
to do sth.doing sth.例句：
1.It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.2.It’s usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs.3.It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.4.It’s no use going there so early.5.Out teacher thinks it no good learning without practice.6.Didn’t I make it clear to you that I was not coming ? 7.We found it strange that no one would take the money.（二）其他句型
1.It takes+时间段+sb.+ to do sth.2.表示“据说，据报道，/人们认为/相信/建议等
It’s said that…….It’s reported that ……
It’s believed/thought/suggested that…… 例句：
1.It generally takes time to reach this point—being on the same wavelength.2.It is believed that the two children went off exploring（探险）on their own and get stuck on the cliff.3.It’s suggested that we should have a meeting to discuss the problem.4.It was once predicted（预测）that British and American English would become separate languages finally.（三）it在强调句型中：在英语中，为了突出强调句子的某一个成分（谓语除外），达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。
It is / was+被强调的部分+that / who+句子的其他部分。
It is / was not until+时间+that+句子的其他部分。例句：
1.I saw John on my way to school this morning.It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning.It was on my way to school that I saw John this morning.It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school.2.It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.3.It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.4.It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much.5.It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so.知识难点：
（一）注意强调句型的变形，即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的形式出现的强调句型。
1.What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom ?
2.Where was it that you met the foreign guests from Australia? 3.I can’t quite remember when it was that we married.4.Was it because he was very ill that he asked for leave?
（二）是强调句型还是that主语从句或其他复合句
1.It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.2.It is these poisonous products that can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.3.It was almost ten o’clock when our soldiers came back from the front.4.Was it in this place that the last king died ?
（三）注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句
Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1944, which was led by Captain Johnson that Peter lost his life.【典型例题】 一.单项选择：
1.I don’t think possible to master a foreign language without much memory.A.this B.that C.its D.it 分析：本题考查it做形式宾语的句型。“我认为没有大量的记忆掌握一门外语是不可能的。”故选择D 2.Does matter if he can’t finish the job on time ?
A.this B.that C.he D.it 分析：本题考查it做形式主语的句型：如果他没能按时完成工作的话，这很要紧吗？故选择D 3.Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but didn’t help.A.he B.which C.she D.it 分析：本题考查it的代词用法。It指上一句的内容：Tom的母亲始终告诉他应该努力学习。故选择D 4.is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It 分析：本题考查it做形式主语的句型：英语正在作为一种国际性语言被接受是一个事实。选择D 5.It was in the small house ___ was built with stones by his father ___he spent his childhood.A.which;that B.that;where C.which;which D.that;which 分析：本题考查带有定语从句的强调句型用法。句中：“___ was built with stones by his father的定语从句。被强调的部分是in the small house ___ was built with stones by his father。根据句意：他正是在他父亲用石头盖的房子里度过了他的童年。故选择A 二.单句改错：
1.That is said that this novel has been translated into several languages.分析：根据句意：据说这部小说已经被译成多种语言。表示据说，应当说：It is said that„。That改为：It 2.Is this your turn to clean the blackboard ? 分析：根据句意：该轮到你擦黑板了吧？轮到某人做某事：It is one’s turn to do„.This 改为：it 3.It is known to everyone, the moon travels around the earth once every month.分析：表示“众所周知”可以说：It is known to everyone that+陈述句。或：As is known to everyone，+陈述句。It 改为：As, 或去掉“，”加连词that 4.The official made this clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem.分析：根据句意：这位官员宣布将尽一切力量解决这个问题。固定结构应当是：make it clear that+陈述句。It在此是形式宾语。This改为：it 5.It was in the park where the old couple told me their love story.分析：根据句意可以知道本句用了强调句型，强调地点：in the park 所以按照强调句型的结构where改为：that 6.Although we can’t see them, there is air around us.分析：句中的代词them根据句意应当指代后面的air，但air是不可数名词，因此them改为：it
三.翻译句子：
1.直到星期三我才给办公室去电话。
分析：表达“直到„„才„„”可以用not„until„引导的时间状语从句；也用强调句型；或倒装句。翻译：
（1）I didn’t telephone the office until Wednesday.（2）It was not until Wednesday that I telephoned the office.（3）Not until Wednesday did I telephone the office.2.只有当我们看不清楚的时候，我们才意识到我们眼睛的重要性。分析：本句可以用强调句表达，也可以用倒装句： 翻译：
（1）It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.（2）Only when we cannot see perfectly do we realize how important our eyes are.3.It was in surgery that the results of that discovery were obtained, and it was there that the battle between the new idea and the old prejudices was fought out most dramatically.翻译：那些发现的成果是在外科医学中获得的，也正是在那里，新思想与旧偏见用最富有戏剧性的方式展开了战斗。【模拟试题】 一.单项选择：
1.Nobody thinks very polite to be always cutting in when another person is talking.A.that B.this C.it D.there 2.I was disappointed with the film, I had expected to be much better.A.this B.that C.one D.it 3.He tore up my photo and upset me.A.this B.it C.which D.what 4.It was with great courage the boy told the truth he had stolen the money.A.which;that B.when;what C.as;that D.that;that 5.When I try to find that prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two main causes.A.what it does B.what it is C.why it does D.why it is 6.Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes will be a boy.A.he B.that C.it D.there
二.句型转换：
将下列陈述句按划线的内容变为强调句。
1.The children often help their parents do the farm work.2.In 1993, a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.3.The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.4.Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.三.阅读理解：
A It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country.Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures（手势）.However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some pats of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”.In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad.Also putting your clasped（紧握的）hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make.In Russia it is the sign of friendship.In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger（食指）, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”
It is also important to make eye communication.If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage.You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.1.Which of the following is true? A.People all over the world only communicate by words.B.Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.C.Gestures are the most common way to communicate.D.People can talk about anything in another country.2.In Greece nodding your head means “_________.”
A.Yes.B.No C.I heard you D.I am the winner 3.Putting the thumb up should not be used in _____.A.Greece B.the USA C.England D.China 4.What does this sentence mean “….your action can speak louder than your words” ?
A.What you do is better than what you say.B.You try your best to be polite.C.You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.D.What you say is better than what you do.5.The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _____.A.it is important to know the language.B.it is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.C.to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language.D.to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.B “In the old days,” as one wife said.“ The husband was the husband and the wife was the wife.” In the past husbands each had their own way of going on.The wives’ jobs were to look after them.“The wives wouldn’t stand for it nowadays.Husbands help with the children now.They stay more, as well as have more interest, at home.” We shall give some examples of what husbands do, firstly in sharing work with their wives;and secondly, in their largely independent domain（领域）of house repairs.“Some husbands, as well as doing much of the heavy work in the home, carrying the coals, and emptying the rubbish, act as assistants to their wives for at least part of the day.” Mr.Hammond washes up the dishes every night and lays the breakfast for the morning.Mr.Clark said that on Sunday mornings he usually hovered（吸尘）around and read plays aloud for his wife while she did a bit of washing.Mr.Davis polishes the floors and helps to make the beds at weekend, and during weekdays, takes the dog out for one of his twice-daily walks.So it goes on….1.The expression “act as assistants to their wives” means that ____.A.husbands read plays aloud.B.husbands are paid by their wives.C.husbands help their wives.D.husbands look after their sick children.2.the meaning of the wife’s words at the beginning of the passage were that ____.A.in the past men stayed at home all day.B.in the past there was a clear division of role in the family.C.in the past most boys and girls were married at an early age.D.in the past wives and husbands lived separately.3.What does Mr.Davis do at weekends ? A.He cleans the floors and makes the beds.B.He reads plays aloud and does the weekly shopping.C.He cooks food for his wife.D.He takes the dog out for a walk.4.In the past, the woman’s main job was to ___.A.take the children to school.B.take care of their husband.C.do the washing up.D.dig the garden.5.The passage is mainly about____.A.the division of husbands, wives and children.B.how to get on well between husbands and wives.C.the relationship between husband, wives and children.D.the relationship between husband and wives today.【试题答案】 一.单项选择：
1.C，it在句中做形式宾语。句型为think it +形容词+to do something 2.D，it在句中作为代词指代前面说的film 3.B，it作为代词指代前面He tore up my photo这件事。
4.D，这是一个带有同位语从句的强调句，“这个男孩怀着极大的勇气说出了他偷东西的真相。he had stolen the money.做the truth的同位语从句，用that引导。
5.B，这是一个强调句的变形，强调句变成了特殊疑问句又做find的宾语从句，what是被强调的内容。根据句义：我在努力发现到底是什么阻止了这么多人参加这个项目。
6.C，Nancy很快又要有一个孩子了，她希望这是个男孩。指代baby用代词it
二.句型转换：
1.It is the children that often help their parents do the farm work.2.It was In 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.3.It is the shortage of arable land that the biggest problem of Chinese farmers is 4.It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on.三.阅读理解：
A 答案与分析：
1.B 细节判断题，根据第一段However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.可以得知：许多手势在某些地区要么有着不同的含义要么根本就没有任何意义。
2.B 根据第二段内容可以得知点头在希腊某些地区的含义。
3.A 根据第三段：Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad.可以得知树大拇指在希腊的含义不同于在美国。它是“不好”的表示，不应使用。C，D两项代章没有涉及。
4.C 语句理解。根据第一段内容：人们在国外与人交流要么懂得外语，要么学会使用手势交流。所以说“通过手势动作比通过语言能更好地被人理解。
5.C 考查代章的主旨。第一段第一句交代了代章的主题。B 答案与分析：
1.C，根据第三段：“Some husbands, as well as doing much of the heavy work in the home, carrying the coals, and emptying the rubbish, act as assistants to their wives for at least part of the day.”可以得知丈夫在也帮助他们的妻子。
2.B，根据第一段可以知道：在过去，在家庭中夫妻各有分工，充当各自的角色。
3.A，根据最后一段：Mr.Davis polishes the floors and helps to make the beds at weekend, and during weekdays, takes the dog out for one of his twice-daily walks.可以得出结论。
4.B，根据第一段：The wives’ jobs were to look after them.可以知道过去妻子的任务。
5.D，考查代章的主旨：从全代内容上看，代章讲述了夫妻在家中的关系。
主谓一致
知识总结归纳
（一）概述：
主语与谓语的一致：在英语表达中，谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在be动词，助动词do, have 以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。
谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。
名词或代词做主语有人称和单，复数之分，动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式，而动词的复数形式即动词的原形。例句：
1.I am seventeen, and he is sixteen.2.There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it.3.John gets up at six o’clock every morning.4.What is the latest news about the Olympic Games ? 5.The family are sitting at the breakfast table.（二）语法一致：
1.由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：
（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。例句：
① My brother and I have both seen that film.② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.④ Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s.（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：
① The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.② War and peace is a constant theme in history.③ One more knife and fork is needed.④ The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.⑤ Law and order has been established.⑥ Bread and butter is our daily food.⑦ Fish and chips is a popular fast food.⑧ The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句：
① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.② No sound and no voice is heard.③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.④ Every minute and every second is precious.2.动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：
① Reading is a great pleasure in life.② To live means to create.③ That we need more time is obvious.④ What is needed is food and medicine.3.表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：
① Three thousand miles is a long distance.② Eight hours of sleep is enough.4.不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：
① Is anybody going to tell him the news ? ② Someone wants to see you.（三）就近原则
由连词or, either„or, neither„nor, not only„but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句：
1.Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.2.Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.3.Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.4.George or Tom is wanted.注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句：
1.There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.2.There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.3.Here are some envelopes and paper for you.名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句：
1.All but one were here just now.2.A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.3.An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.4.You as well as I are wrong.（四）意义一致 1.代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定 例句：
（1）All hope has gone.（2）All are agreed on this point.（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.（4）None has returned from the meeting.2.集合名词group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名词的单，复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。例句：
（1）The class were all cheerful.（2）The team were taking over some new plays.（3）The group are reading the newspapers.（4）The army is going to remain in this town.（5）The army have rescued the travelers.3.限定词短语all of„;none of„;a lot of„;以及分数/百分数+of „.修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。例句：
（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.（2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.难点突破
1.主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短代改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。
2.one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例句：
Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.【典型例题】
[例1] E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play 分析：带有as well as 短语的名词做主语时，谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致，不受as well as 短语内容的影响。E-mail是单数形式，故选择A。
[例2] Either John or his friends _____ to blame for the bad results.A.are B.is C.was D.has been 分析：either„or..连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致，本题中his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式，故选择A。
[例3] The conductor and composer _____ by a crowd of people.A.are greeted B.is greeted C.greets D.have been greeted 分析：根据句意，主语部分的The conductor and composer 是指一个人即：乐队指挥兼作曲家，所以主语的内容是单数形式，故选择B。
[例4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam.—But the colour _____ me.A.fit;don’t suit B.fits;doesn’t suit C.fits;don’t suit D.fit;doesn’t suit
分析：trousers, clothes, glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。Colour是单数，谓语用单数，故选择D。
[例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house.A.were;were B.was;were C.were;was D.was;was 分析：family指“家庭”为单数，指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭”谓语用was.第二空格后的fond of指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子”谓语为were，故选择B。
[例6] He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 分析：当定语从句先行词是“one of +复数形式”时，其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当one之前有the only时，定语从句则强调the only one，谓语动词用单数。另外，题目中的时间状语for three years表明从句的时态为现在完成时，故选择D。
[例7] Three fifths of the police _____ in the school near the town.A.has trained B.have trained C.has been trained D.have been trained 分析：分数+名词做主语时，谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式（可数名词或不可数名词）决定，police 是集合名词为复数形式，根据句子意思，police 与train 为被动关系，应用被动语态，故选择D。
短代改错片段：
1.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.分析：本句中主语Now my picture and the prize是复数形式，谓语动词is应改为are.2.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.分析：本句第一行，根据全篇内容的语境，应当是一般现在时，所以谓语动词talked改为talk.第二行：根据句意：我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger应当与主语we一致，改为复数形式，strangers.3.But not all information are good to society.分析：主语information是不可数名词，are应改为is
【模拟试题】
1.—Is there anybody in the classroom ? —No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground.A.go B.went C.has gone D.have gone 2.—Are these your sheep ? —No.Mine _____ on grass at the foot of the hill.A.are feeding B.feed C.is fed D.is feeding 3.Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _____ a very shy girl with two bright eyes.A.was B.are C.were D.there was 4.Mr.Bush, together with his wife and daughter _____ going to Japan next week.A.are B.is C.will be D.would be 5.Not the teacher but the students _____ excited.A.is B.has C.are D.have 6.As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.A.are B.was C.is D.were 7._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifths;are C.Two fifth;are D.Two fifths;is
【试题答案】
1.C
分析：本题考查的主谓一致的内容与上一题相同，从句子的语境判断，应当用现在完成时。2.A
分析：mine指my sheep 为复数形式。是主动语态。
3.A
分析：本句为倒装句。主语是a very shy girl with two bright eyes.核心主语是a very shy girl，为单数，全句为过去时。
4.B
分析：全句的核心主语是Mr.Bush，为单数，全句为将来时。
5.C
分析：运用就近原则，谓语动词和主语the students 一致，此处为主系表结构，用be动词。
6.C
分析：主语ten minutes表示时间，被视为一个整体，为单数形式。全句是现在时。
7.D
【高一上学期教材目录12】推荐阅读：
高一上学期年级工作小结07-09
高一上学期的期末总结07-17
高一上学期学生个人评语07-28
高一英语上学期教学总结09-10
高一上学期班主任评语06-11
上学期高一政治教学工作总结07-25
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