英语国家概况美国篇

英语国家概况美国篇（精选8篇）

1.英语国家概况美国篇 篇一

一、课程定位

《英语国家概况》是高职应用英语专业学生的专业知识必修课。本课程的设置是为了使学生了解英美等几个主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济、政治等方面的概况，了解英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯和社会生活的其它情况，以提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生的跨文化交际能力;加深对语言的理解，提高分析和批判的能力;提高学生的思想道德素质、文化素质和心理素质。为学生毕业后所从事的中小学英语教学工作打下扎实的英语文化基础知识和英语语言应用能力。

前导课程是《语音》课程、《精读》、《听说》等语言基础课程，通过这些课程的学习使学生具备扎实的英语听、说、读等基本功底，掌握英语的基本知识、为《英语国家概况》的学习打下基础。后续课程是《商务礼仪》、《英美文学》和《英美文学欣赏》。

二、课程教学目标

本课程的教学目标是使本专业学生了解六个主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济、政治等方面的概况，了解英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯和社会生活的其它情况，使学生养成不断联系当前实际，密切关注国际局势的习惯，并能迅速准确地查阅资料，在储备丰富背景知识的同时，巩固和提高英语水平。

1、知识目标：系统了解英美国家的地理、历史、政治、经济、文化等知识。理解和掌握英美国家重要历史变革、重要人物、政治体制、经济政策。分析中西文化的差异，深刻理解洋为中用，求同存异的思想。

2、能力目标：进一步扎实学生的英语基础，扩大词汇量，扩大阅读量，用英语进行展示和演讲，学以致用，加强语言表达的流利性和准确性。能运用英语讨论和讲解地理、历史等相关的学科知识。能运用英语分析和阐述与生活紧密相关的政治、经济和文化等问题，培养良好的思辨能力。

3、素质目标：增强学生们对文化差异的敏感性和宽容性，及处理这些文化差异的灵活性。渗透了积极向上的西方人文思想，有利提升学生的人文素养，培养学生独立自信、诚信守法、回报社会的良好操守。在学习中学会合作，具有团队

精神和协作精神，有利于建立良好的师生关系、同事关系、客户关系。

三、课程设计思路

根据专业人才培养目标、中小学英语教师岗位能力需求，结合本课程的特点，确定以内容为依托的英语教学为《英语国家概况》课程设计的指导思想，一手抓英语技能的提升，一手抓学科内容的.掌握，在提高学生语言技能和学科知识的同时，提高学生思考问题，解决问题的能力。

1、以高职教育理念为指导：遵循“实用为主、够用为度”的原则，强调打好语言基础和培养语言应用能力并重;强调语言基本技能的训练和培养实际从事涉外交际活动的语言应用能力并重。重在实践，突出高职教育特色。

2、以实践教学为主导：以人才培养模式为根本，理论联系实际，在课堂上主要采取少讲多练的教学方式，通过基于工作过程中的实际翻译题材来锻炼学生及一反三的能力，以达熟能生巧。本课程重视教学过程中学生的参与度，因此通过多种教学手段最大限度地调动学生的参与，并通过参与深化理解，推动实用技能的掌握。

3、以学生为中心： “学生中心”、“做中学”、 “合作学习”和“任务学习”注重学生英语基础、学科内容掌握、职业能力和可持续发展能力的培养，采用基于网络的任务型合作教学模式。通过基于网络的学生合作学习使学生在提高英语听说读写说技能的同时，提高学生的团队合作意识和合作能力，培养良好的职业素养，为学生从事的英语教学或相关的工作打下坚实的，以完成本专业相关岗位的工作任务。

本课程在第五学期开设，总课时为20学时，周课时为1-5周4学时，具体安排详见表一和表二。

四、教学内容安排及学时分配

详见表一

五、教学实施方案设计

详见表二

六、教学实施条件

1、教师任职条件

具有扎实的语言功底，知识面广，具备一定的关于英美文化的学科知识和较

强的跨文化交际的理论知识并能应用到课堂教学中。掌握先进的教育科学技术，能进行多媒体，网络教学，能主持或参与本课程教学网络平台的建设。能够指导学生进行合作学习、指导学生利用网络进行自主学习。

2、教学资源条件

课程教学借助多媒体电子教学手段，将教材、教学参考书、和相关网络资源相结合，形成立体化的教学内容体系。

教材：《英语国家概况》 丁国声，外语教学与研究出版社出版，。 参考资料:《英美概况》(主编：张奎武)，吉林科学技术出版社，。

网络学习资源:www.whitehouse.gov/ 美国白宫官方网页;www.number10.gov.uk/ 英国唐宁街10号官方网页。

自建《英美概况》网络学习的平台，已经投入使用。

七、教学方法与手段

1、教学方法

教学充分调动学生积极性，注重语言应用，突出语言技能和思维能力的培养关注学生合作能力的提升。

(1)依托课程内容进行外语教学法。 将语言教学建基于某个学科或某种主题内容的教学之上，把语言学习与学科知识学习结合起来，在提高学生学科知识和认知能力的同时，促进其语言水平的提高。以英美国家的地理、历史、政治、经济、宗教等学科知识为依托，习得语言知识，提高英语语言技能。教师讲解课程内容，学生陈述，形成师生互动，生生互动的学习氛围。按照即主题、课文、话题、线索、任务(task)四个环节设计课堂教学，将内容和语言学习有机地结合起来，使课程设计连贯一体。每个单元的主题成为课程设计的起点，一系列支撑主题的话题被进一步开发以吸引学生的兴趣，各类与主题/话题相关的文章、课文及音像资料使学生饶有兴致地探索和学习学科内容知识。各种具体的学习任务能满足学生学习语言与学科知识的需求，各种线索和过渡

2.英语国家概况美国篇 篇二

一、英语国家概况的教学现状分析

(一)课程重视度的缺乏。

根据高校英语专业教学大纲,英语国家概况课程被指定为专业必修课。然而此课程并没有得到足够的重视,主要表现在两个方面。一方面,虽然各高校对此课程的开设时间和具体安排不同,但是大多数高校将此课程安排在大三学年的选修课程,每周2个学时,开设时间为一年,共72个学时,总共2个学分。甚至有部分应用型本科院校将其安排在大二下半年,开课仅为36个学时,作者所在学校也不例外。面对庞杂的知识,根本无法利用全面立体的方式生动形象地让学生吃透每个知识点,同时对教师备课工作也造成极大压力。另一方面,由于此课安排课时和学分均较少,很多学生并不能意识到其专业课的地位。

(二)教师素质的缺乏。

虽然我国高校英语专业担任此课程教学的教师多为中国籍教师,既了解本国教材编写的重难点,也能够充分结合国情对比补充各种知识点以提高学生学习兴趣。但是依然会出现由于备课量大,搜索课内外信息视频图片工作过于庞杂等原因,部分教师为了方便不仔细讲解扩充课程内容,甚至只照本宣科选读课文原文。此外,教师本身缺乏对课程知识的认知,不能够准确对课程进行系统专业知识分析解读,只能是信息资料的堆砌。

(三)教材内容单一陈旧。

此门课程的中英文教材种类和版本繁多,各有千秋,可圈可点,总体呈现出的现象是内容陈旧,连续使用多年不进行及时更新;编排欠缺合理性,除了本身生词和专有术语较多外,知识点较为零散,无形中增加了学生的阅读难度。加之缺乏足够的辅助性教材和信息,很难做到课前全面预习,课后及时准备复习知识点,造成教学质量受影响,教学效果不理想的现象。

二、英语国家概况教学应对建议

(一)明确课程重要性。

作为一门难以掌握的英语专业核心必修课程,为了避免知识信息内容繁杂带来的任务量与课时压缩太紧的矛盾,根据具体实际情况适当地增加课时,既可以给予教师更多备课时间和授课空间,也会给予学生消化知识点的时间。只有同时引起教师和学生的足够关注和重视,明确其重要性才能缓冲了众多高校普遍存在的矛盾。

(二)提高教师素质。

此课程要求教师既要具备扎实的专业基础知识,还要有全面深厚的文化背景知识,开拓、竞争的基本能力,做到融贯中外,旁征博引。因此,各高校应加强对教师素质进行培养,使其具备专业全面的学科知识。此外,还要提高教师的职业道德意识,只有具有高尚的职业道德、热爱教育事业,才能提高教学水平。

(三)优化教学内容和丰富教学手段。

一方面,面对陈旧传统的教材,要不断更新教材内容,各高校可以根据不同出版社多种教材编写的特点,进行互补对比,在选择授课使用的主要教材的同时分列不同专题,设置相应的习题,列举出一系列阅读难度较低相关的辅助性教材和自学网站,让学生独立思考,探索分析,不但能获得答案,加深记忆,同时可以提高学生分析问题,解决问题的能力。另一方面,此课程的教学应灵活地利用现代化的多媒体设备来辅助教学,充分利用网络资源,拓宽学生的知识面,系统专业地深入了解所学内容。现代化的教学设备既能辅助教师直观地传授知识,也能让学生获得感官刺激,提升学习兴趣,把授课内容深深地印刻在脑海中。精心选材和丰富教学手段,优化教学效果,寓教于乐。

三、结语

综上所述,面对英语国家概况这门容量大、教学内容集中、课时少、综合性强的课程,提出其存在的问题如课程教学的重视程度不够、教师素质欠缺、教材更新较慢的现状,并给予了相关的建议。只有明确该课程的重要性,加快教材改革的进度,提高教师的专业素质,优化教学内容和重视教学辅助手段,才能使我国的英语国家概况的教学更上一层楼。

摘要：《英语国家概况》课程是一门英语专业的文化知识课,知识涵盖面广,内容繁多复杂,如何在有限的课时内让学生透彻学习并掌握这门课的知识,作者结合个人教学实践总结反思目前本课程的教学现状,指出存在的问题,提出了几个相应的对策。

3.英语国家概况美国篇 篇三

关键词:《英语国家概况》 教学方法 策略

一、引言

应用型英语专业课程设置和设计强调能力本位,注重培养学生语言运用的能力。作为专业基础类课程,《英语国家概况》课程旨在帮助学生了解主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌,增强学生对英语国家社会文化的识别力、理解力,培养和提高学生观察、分析和解决问题的能力,提高学生跨文化交际的能力。

二、课程概要

作为高校英语专业必修课,《英语国家概况》课的总体目标是:比较系统地介绍英、美,加、澳、新等主要英语国家在史地、社会、政治、经济、教育等方面的情况及其文化传统,提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性,培养学生跨文化交际的能力。让学生了解主要英语国家的史地、政治、经济、社会、教育等背景知识,尤其是有关这些国家的发展现状、文化传统、风俗习惯等基本文化事实和文化现象,以扩大学生知识面,增强学生对英语国家文化的识别力、理解力,培养和提高学生观察、分析和解决问题的能力,使学生在学习英语的过程中了解英语国家文化,在了解英语国家文化的过程中理解、掌握英语并运用英语进行有效的交际和成功的沟通。

三、特殊教学方法在《英语国家概况》教学中的应用

1.合作学习法的运用

合作学习法的基本要素就是指各种具体的合作学习方式或方法所拥有的共同的特定品质或要素,离开了这些基本要素,就不可能成为真正意义上的合作学习,也就无法使之区别于其他的学习方法。合作学习不只是一个认知的过程,同样也是一个人际交往与沟通的过程,它对学生素质的培养有很大影响。

在教学中实施合作学习法需要注意:学习小组要设置合理,小组作为合作学习的基本形式,为学习者提供了一个共同学习的环境。小组的合理设置对合作学习法的顺利实施至关重要。小组的设置一定要遵循“同组异质、异组同质”的基本原则。所谓“同组异质”就是把能力相异、性别相异的学习者编在一个组内。这些学习者能够对同一问题产生不同看法,提出不同解决方案。所谓“异组同质”,就是不同小组之间综合能力相似,这有利于不同小组之间展开平等的竞争,促进整体学习效果的提高。

2.任务驱动法的运用

“任务驱动”教学法基于建构主义的教学理论,认为学生学得任何知识最终都是通过自己的建构、内化完成的。该教学法的主要特点是围绕任务展开教学。

任务驱动教学理论运用于《英语国家概况》教学,传统的学习过程转变为教师与学生合作完成任务的过程。在这一过程中,教师成为任务的设计者,任务环节的组织者、协调者,和任务最后完成情况的评估者之一;而学生则转变为学习过程的主体,其主观能动性的发挥决定任务完成的质量和教学目标的实现。在实施任务教学的过程中,教师要把教学任务的准备延伸到课外,以有效利用课内时间,保证教学内容的充实和完整。同时,任务的完成离不开小组合作。小组划分应以能否促进小组学习的有效展开为标准,选择有责任心,英语基础好,专业知识丰富的学生担任组长,而组员的构成也应该考虑性格和性别差异,学习主动性等因素,以建立和谐,公平,竞争的学习氛围。

3.网络学习法的运用

网络学习法是在互联网环境下,以某种任务驱动学生进行自主式、探究式学习的一种教学模式。教师开发和建设《英语国家概况》网络学习平台,学生通过登陆该门课程的网络学习系统,选择与授课内容相关的章节和链接进行学习。学生可以充分利用网络教学平台,进行预习、复习、自我测试、递交作业、成绩查询、辅导答疑、BBS讨论等。教师在创建立体化和信息化的学习环境中,要注意知识结构的合理性,教学内容的丰富性,表现形式的多样性。教学网站要链接灵活,交互性强,操作简单,读取速度快,结构明晰,界面美观,色彩清新,动画、声音设计合理,导航清楚,拓展性强,易于维护和更新的特点。

四、结束语

《英语国家概况》课程是学生了解英语国家文化的一个窗口,为学生进行文化探索提供了一个基本的认识框架,是培养跨文化交际能力的一条有效途径。教师在教学中应当遵循文化教学的基本原则,运用现代教育技术和灵活多变的教学方法,引导学生进行语言文化知识的学习和比较,培养学生文化差异的敏感性、宽容性及处理文化差异的灵活性。同时,我们也要充分发挥学生学习的主观能动性,化被动学习为勇于探索、积极实践,在主动学习、研究、探索、对比的过程中,培养他们的文化意识和跨文化交际能力。

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4.英语国家概况课后题总结和答案 篇四

1.what are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?

The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian.2.Describe the geographical position of Britian?

Britain is an island country.It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.3.Whereabouts in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland?

The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands.4.Does Britain have a favourable climate? why?

Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot.It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year.It has a small range of temperature,too.5.what are the factors which influence the climate in Britain? Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest? The factors which influence the climate in Britain are the following three:1)The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences;2)the prevailing south-west winds bring warm and wet air in winter and keep the temperatures moderate;3)the North Atlantic Drift,a warm current,passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.The northwestern part has the most rainfall,while the south-eastern corner is the driest.6.Describe the distribution of Britain’s population.Britain has a population of 57 million.It is densely populated, with an average of 237people per square kilometre.It is also very unevenly distributed , with 90%of the population in urban areas,10% in rural areas.Geographically, most British people live in England.Of the total of 57 million people, 47 million live in England, 14 million live in London and Southeastern England.7.What are the three natural zones in Scotland?

The three natural zones in Scotland are : the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands ,and the southern Uplands.8.What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish?

The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons,while the Scots,Welsh and rish are Celts.9.What are the differences in character and speech between southern England and northern England? How do the Welsh keep their language and culture alive? The Welsh are emotional and cheerful people.The Scots are hospitable ,generous and friendly.Irish are known for their charm and vivacity as well as for the beauty of their Irish girls.Throughout the year they have festivals of song and dance and poetry called Eisteddfodau.On these occasions competitions are held in Welsh poetry,music,singing and art and in this way they keep the Welsh language and Welsh culture alive.10.What is the main problem in Northern Ireland?

5.南京概况导游词精选3篇 篇五

南京是一座地理位置优越，地形独特的城市。它三面环山，一面临水，依钟山而扼长江。下面是南京概况的导游词，仅供参考。

南京概况导游词一：

游客：你们好!欢迎各位到华东线的第一站南京参观旅游。初来乍到，大家一定很想了解这座城市。下面请允许我向各位介绍一下。

南京，简称宁，地处富饶的长江三角洲，北接辽阔的江淮平原，是江苏省的省会。全市面积为6597平方公里，辖4县11区，人口545万。其中市区面积约881平方千米，人口270多万，为中国十大城市之一。

南京是一座地理位置优越，地形独特的城市。它三面环山，一面临水，依钟山而扼长江。东面和南面是以紫金山(又叫钟山)为主体的宁镇山脉为屏障，紫金山之西有富贵山、五台山及石头山(清凉山)等。西北面的长江奔流而过。城内外多低丘,广州出发欧美专线，河湖相连，可谓山环水绕，地势险要，历来为兵家必争之地，素有“钟山龙蟠，石城虎踞”之称。

南京又是一座历史悠久的文化名城，我国七大古都之一，建城已有2400多年。最早的城池为越城，是越王勾践灭吴以后，于公元前472年所建的。约公元前356年，楚国灭越，楚威王在石头山上筑城。传说楚威王看到南京地理情势险要，怕往后有人在此称王，就在狮子山北边的江边埋下黄金，以弹压王气，称为“金陵”，从此南京又有了“金陵”之称。三国时的东吴，两晋时的东晋，南北朝时的宋、齐、梁、陈前后在南京建都，这就是“六朝古都”。后来，五代时的南唐、明初、太平天国和中华民国也定都南京，这又使南京成了“十朝都会”。

南京曾有许多名称，历史上流传下来的有金陵、建业、建康、秫陵、白下、升州、江宁、集庆、应天、天京等，像金陵、建康至今仍被用作南京的代称。至于南京的得名源于明代初年，明太祖朱元津于1368年定都南京，当时南京叫应天府。朱元漳曾打算把都城迁到开封，将开封命名为北京，应天府称为南京，后来国都虽未迁成，但“南京”一位就沿袭下来了。

游客们：南京的历史就介绍到这里，下面向大家讲讲南京的气候。由于南京地处长江下游，亚热带向暖温带过渡的气候带中，每当夏季来临，高空遭到副热带高压的影响，气流不断下沉，气温逐步上升。骄阳似火，每天地面最高温度平均值可达50“C以上，发烫的大地成了这座城市的热源。加上南京独特的地势，它处于长江沿岸的河谷当中，海拔较低，起伏的山峦，犹如天然屏障，挡住了空气的活动，禁止热量向外发散;来自海洋上的湿润东风和熏风被东郊紫金山和东南一带山体遮挡，使南京始终处于酷热的高温控制下。所以南京的盛夏酷热难熬，素有”火炉“之称。但是今天我们看到的南京城，绿树成荫，特别是东郊的中山陵景区，更是树木葱宪，平均每一个人占有10棵以上的树木，成为中国著名的绿色城市,北京地接报价。这在一定程度上对南京夏季酷热的气候起到了调理作用。

南京的交通也十分便利。航空有禄口国际机场和大校场机场，每天有数百架次飞机在这两大机场起降。铁路有京沪线和宁铜线在此接轨，特别是1968年南京长江大桥的建成，直接沟通了长江南北的铁路、公路交通，从而使”天堑变通途“。另外，沪宁高速公路、绕城公路已成为南京的主要交通动脉。由于南京地处华东地区水陆交通要冲，同时还是著名的内河港口城市，明代郑和下西洋的庞大船队就是从南京港启航，经过中国的南海诸岛，逾越亚、非两洲的。现在的南京港，经过不断地扩建改造，年吞吐量达3000多万吨，成为长江沿岸的第一大港。

最后再向大家扼要介绍一下南京的旅游资源。南京已构成了以城中为核心，辐射东南西北的五条旅游线。

城东旅游线以钟山风景区为主，以中山陵为中心，有明孝陵、灵谷寺、美龄宫、紫金山天文台等50多个旅游景点。城南线以秦淮风光带为主，以夫子庙建筑为中心，东起东水关，西止西水关，有乌衣巷、李香君故居、瞻园等古迹，此外还有中华门城堡、雨花台烈士陵园等风景点。城西有清凉山、石头城、莫愁湖等景观，构成山、水、城、林融合一体的景观特点。城北的珍珠泉度假区，距市区11千米，是南京地区唯一的省级旅游度假区，南京长江大桥也在城北。城中景区有著名的玄武湖，山城围绕，碧波荡漾，风景十分娟秀，另外还有丰富的人文景观。

我们可以把南京这座城市特点作一概括，那就是”古、大、重、绿“四个字。”古“，是指南京是中国的七大古都之一;”大“,旅游黄页，南京是中国的十大城市之一，有中国最大的河流——长江，还有中国现存最大、最完全的城墙;”重“，南京在历史上、地理上都占有重要的位置;”绿“，南京植被良好、绿化先进，是中国首屈一指的绿色城市。因此，南京这座城市的特色又可用两句话来概括，即：梅红松绿市，虎踞龙盈城。

游客们：南京概况就介绍到此，下面就让我们走进这座”六朝古都“，去细细领略她的”秦淮风韵“吧!

南京概况导游词二：

远古人类的足迹，随着时代推移而遍及今日的南京。东郊汤山出土了距今约30万～50万年的”南京猿人“完整的头骨化石;溧水县神仙洞发现了距今l万年以前的”溧水人“遗址。

距今6000多年前，南京鼓楼岗西北侧的北阴阳营和玄武湖畔、长江岸边开始出现新石器时代的原始村落，聚居着南京的初民。3000多年前，沿江河地带，已经相当密集地分布着青铜时代的居民聚落，以秦淮河中游的湖熟镇一带较为集中，称为”湖熟文化“。

公元前472年，越王勾践灭吴后，在今中华门西南侧建城，开创了南京的城垣史。公元前333年，楚威王大败越国，于石头山筑城置金陵邑，金陵之称亦因此而得名。秦汉时

期，南京地区随经济发展而建县渐多。汉末三国鼎立之初，公元229年，孙权在武昌称帝，9月即迁都于此，称作建业，为南京建都之始。公元317年，晋琅琊王司马睿建立东晋政权，以建康(今南京)为国都，这是南京城市发展史上的第一个高峰时期。此后，南朝宋、齐、梁、陈相继定都建康，史称”六代豪华“，南京由此有”六朝古都“的美称。公元937年，南京成为南唐的首都，称为江宁府，这是南京城市发展史上的第二个高峰期。1368年，朱元璋在应天府称帝，建立明朝，以”应天“为”南京“，第一次成为一统天下的全国首都。由此，南京城市发展进入又一高峰期，南京都城为当时世界第一大城。1853年，太平天国定都于此，改名天京。1912年元旦，中华民-国成立，孙中山在南京就任中华民-国临时大总统。1927年，国民政府定南京为首都。

”金陵自古帝王州“，从中古到近现代，继孙吴之后，东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、南唐、明朝、太平天国以及中华民-国先后定都南京，共455年，史称”十代故都“，留下了丰富的文化文化遗产。

1949年4月23日南京解放，成为中央人民政府直辖市。1952年9月，南京为江苏省省辖市。1953年1月1日，江苏省人民政府成立，南京为江苏省省会。1994年2月，经国务院同意，中央机构编制委员会明确南京的行政级别为副省级。

南京是中国重要的综合性工业生产基地。南京的电子、化工生产能力在国内城市中居第二位，车辆制造规模居第三位，机械制造业的技术、规模居国内领先地位，家用电器业、建材工业也都具有较大规模。南京是华东地区重要的交通、通讯枢纽，建立了全方位、立体化、大运量的交通运输网络，铁路、公路、水运、空运、管道五种运输方式齐全，拥有现代化的通讯体系。南京是全国四大科研教育中心城市之一，是全国重要的高教、科研基地，拥有一批国内一流的高校和科研机构。被国家9个部委列为中国投资硬环境 ”四十优“城市之一。先后被评为中国城市综合实力”五十强“第五名、国家园林城市、中国优秀旅游城市、全国科技兴市先进城市、全国双拥模范城市、全国城市环境综合整治10佳城市、全国科技进步先进城市、国家环境保护和国家卫生城市等称号。

古老的秦淮河玉带般蜿蜒舒展，站立桥头，眼前宛然是历史在悠悠流过;点缀两旁的玄武湖和莫愁湖静如处子，似在幽然倾诉;钟山、栖霞山迤逦悠长，”神龙“般延续着千年的守卫;金陵古城默然而立，城内的沧桑繁华刻写着它的年轮。

南京文化古迹遍布，从中可以探寻历史的源头：中山陵依山而建，结构严整，观之而生一股浩然之气;夫子庙建筑群古色古香，漫步其间，让你体味明清时代的市井繁荣;中华门气势宏伟，设计巧妙，置身城内，壁垒森然，耳边似有战马嘶鸣;此外还有灵谷寺、石象路、三国东吴所筑石头城遗址、明代朱元璋的陵墓(明孝陵)以及革命纪念地雨花台等，引人遐思无限。

古老悠久的文化遗产，现代文明的经济都市，与蔚为壮观的自然景观构成了南京独特的园林城市风貌。

南京概况导游词三：

各位游客大家好!孔子曰：”有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎“，首先请允许我代表南京中华旅行社对大家来南京旅游观光表示热烈欢迎。我姓王，是本团导游。能为大家做导游是我的荣幸，我和司机王师傅一定为大家服务，尽力满足大家的要求，帮助大家解决问题和困难，使大家乘兴而来，满意而归。希望通过我的介绍，让古老而又美丽的南京给大家留下一个难忘的印象。在此我祝大家旅途愉快!

现在我将南京向大家做一个简单的介绍。南京简称宁，位于江苏省西南部，处于长江下游黄金地带，地跨长江两岸。人杰地灵，物华天宝，南京市面积约6597平方公里，人口近800多万，下辖11个区2个郊县，是全省政治、经济、文化的中心。气候属亚热带气候，四季分明，是一处十分理想的旅游胜地。

南京历史悠久，是我国著明的四大古都之一。素有”江南佳丽地，金陵帝王州“之誉。自公元前472年越王勾践建”越城“开始，已2400多年的建城史。历史上正式建都于南京是从东吴孙权开始的，以后东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈都先后在此建都。因此南京有”六朝古都“之称。此后南唐、太平军天国、中华民国也在此建都，所以南京又有”十朝都会“之说。历朝历代为南京留下了许多名字，如：金陵、秣陵、建邺、建康、蒋州、江宁、昇州、集庆、应天、天京等，有些名字作为南京的地名沿用至今。南京的得名来源于明朝初年，当时的南京叫应天府，朱元璋曾经打算把都城迁到开封，将开封命名为北京，应天府称南京，后来国都虽然没有迁成，但是南京的名称却一直保留下来。

南京的气候令人畏而生惧，夏天像个大火炉，那个热呀，恨不得苍蝇蚊子都能中暑;冬天像个大冰窖，那个冷呀，好像睡觉也会冻翘翘。为什么会这样呢?就要说到它的地势了。

且听听诸葛孔明怎么说的。在赤壁之战前，诸葛亮应孙权之约，下江南共商抗曹大计，骑着小毛驴，摇着鹅毛扇，考察建邺后(今南京)，说”钟山龙蟠，石城虎踞，此乃帝王之宅也。“也就是说，在南京，东有绵延起伏的钟山，像一条盘龙;西有巍然的石头城屹立于大江之滨，像一只猛虎蹲踞着，这一切暗合古时传统的好风水：左青龙，右白虎，后人简称为”虎踞龙蟠“。大山小山整把南京围了个圈儿，只有北边缺了个口儿。造物主偏爱南京，又送给她什么?长江，对了。古人没翅膀，没大桥，没飞机，没大炮，敌人只能望江兴叹。所以嘛，封建帝王想：”南京好，美景多，美人娇，躺在里面睡大觉“。

明朝。葬朱元璋马皇后的明孝陵，已被列入联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录。提到朱元璋，不能不提长35.267公里的明城墙，这个数据是最新的，用美国佬的军用卫星测量出来的。当年朱元璋采纳谋士的”高筑墙，广积粮，缓称王“的建议，借沈万三的聚宝盆修筑了固若金汤的城墙。如今以

中华门城堡最雄伟，也是保存得最好。如果有机会，登临中华门，我们既可领略明城墙的雄伟坚固，又可以回味书上报上口头上的种种历史传说，还可以幻想种种可能的结果。当年，为了不按约定在五更鸡叫时还聚宝盆，朱元璋下令杀光全城的鸡。从此，南京没有鸡子，就吃鸭子了。南京的板盐、盐水鸭，皮白肉粉骨头绿，极具地方特色。

6.美国英美概况练习 篇六

I.Term explanation

1.The War of Independence

(1)After British parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, tensions were again created between colonists and British government.(2)On April 19,1775, the first shot was fired at Lexington and the American War of Independence began.(3)In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.It founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington and declared independence on July4,1776.(4)In 1781, British General Cornwallis surrendered at York Town,Virginia and soon British government asked for peace.(5)The Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States.2.Boston Tea Party

(1)In the years following the French and Indian War, British government enforced several acts which were bitterly opposed by colonists.(2)In order to ease tensions, British government removed all the new taxes except that on tea.(3)In 1773, a group of pariots responded to the tea tax by staging the Boston Tea Party: disguised as Indians, they boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor.(4)British parliament then passed the “Intolerable Acts”, and in response to this the first Continental Congress was held in September1774.3.the First Continental Congress

(1)In response to the “Intolerable Acts”, passed by British parliament, the first Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September1774.(2)This was a meeting of colonial leaders.They urged Americans to disobey the Intolerable Acts and to boycott British trade.(3)After this, colonists began to organize militias and to collect and store weapons and ammunition.4.The Declaration of Independence

(1)The Declaration of Independence, the first declaration of human rights, was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule, approached the problem of American independence from the angle of human rights.(2)Its principal point was to provide a legal basis for independence.It justified the forthcoming Revolution by defining the rights of man and the nature of government in relation to such rights.It declared that all men were equaland they were entitled to have some natural rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.The powers of the governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above.(3)The Declaration of Independence was a masterpiece of bourgeois political philosophy.(4)The Declaration of Independence helped the colonists to see that there were times when people had the right to revolt.The new doctrine inspired mass fervor.More and more people came to believe that they were fighting for the just cause.5.American Constitution

(1)The Constitution of the United States, which was adopted in 1787 and came into effect in 1789, is the first comparatively complete written constitution in the world.(2)It is the supreme law in the United States, and is the main expression of the American ideals.(3)It is a short document which embodies laws and principles for the form of the US government.It consists of a preamble, 7 articles and 29 amendments.6.The Bill of Rights(USA)

(1)In 1791, the first ten amendments of American Constitution were made.This is the well-known “Bill of Rights”.(2)It secures a wide variety of freedoms for Americans, including the freedoms of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly and freedom to bear arms, freedom against unreasonable search and seizure and so on.(3)the amendments limit the powers of the national government in regard to the rights and liberties of individuals.7.The New Deal

(1)To deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt rushed through Congress a great number of laws within the historic “Hundred Days”.(2)Some of the famous ones in this New Deal were the WPA(The Work Progress Administration), AAA(The Agricultural Adjustment Act), and the Social Security Act.(3)New Deal program did not end the Depression, but the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention.8.The Great Depression

(1)On October 24, 1929 —“Black Thursday”— a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New York Stock Exchange.Share and other security prices collapsed.(2)By 1932, thousand of banks and businesses had failed.Industrial production was cut in half.Farm income had fallen b y more than half.Wages had decreased 60 percent.New investment was down 90 percent.As a result, one out of four workers was unemployed.(3)Franklin D.Roosevelt won the 1932 election and carried out the New Deal to improve the economy.(4)Full recovery from the Depression was brought about by the defense buildup prior to America’s entering the WWII.II.Please answer the following questions briefly.1.What are the four crown colonies during America colonization?(Textbook: Page 152.)

2.What are he four causes for the War of Independence in America?(Textbook: Page 158-160)

3.What are he four causes for American Civil War?(Textbook: Page 167-170)

4.What are the three important acts of Roosevelt’s New Deal?(Textbook: Page 187-188)

5.What are the five fundamental features of American political system?(Textbook: Page 209)

6.What are the five fundamental principles for American government established by American Constitution?(Textbook: Page 210)

7.What are the five constitutional roles of American president?(Textbook: Page 213)

7.英语国家概况美国篇 篇七

关键词：网络,多媒体,英美概况,教学

1. 引言

《英语国家概况》课程 (以下简称《概况》课) 是高等院校为英语专业本专科学生开设的一门必修课。该课程主要介绍以英美为主的英语语言国家的文化背景知识, 包括历史、地理、政治、经济及文化等。该课程的目的是通过对《概况》知识的学习, 使学生更加了解英语语言国家的文化背景、民族历史、价值取向等, 从而更好地运用英语语言。想要上好这门课具有较大的难度, 因为该课程知识理论性强, 内容涉及面非常广泛, 对教师的要求也比较高。而目前《概况》课的授课方式大都采用传统式的静态板书或是教师用课件代替板书的讲授, 学生往往会感到内容抽象难懂, 枯燥无味, 以致对此课程的学习积极性不高。加之教师在教学过程中要传授的知识含量大又受到课时的限制, 教学往往收不到理想的效果。这种教学现状要求《概况》教师思考较为理想的教学模式及教学手段。网络多媒体辅助教学便是较为理想的选择之一。

2. 网络多媒体辅助英美概况教学的作用

网络多媒体辅助《概况》教学有利于激发学生的学习兴趣。兴趣是最好的老师, 基于《概况》课信息容量大, 理论性强, 学生不易接受的特点, 如果教师仅仅为了完成教学任务, 采用传统静态的板书式教学, 是很难取得较好的教学效果的。目前, 我国各高校使用的《概况》教材内容更新的时效性要差一些, 这一因素也会影响学生的学习兴趣。而配合使用网络多媒体进行教学, 教师可以适当补充一些实时性和与学生生活较为密切的内容进去。例如:在讲授英国教育体系时, 教师可以进行中英对比教学, 通过播放中英教育体系短片, 使学生获得更直接更深刻的认识, 这样极大地提高了学生们的学习兴趣。网络多媒体辅助教学有利于提高学生语言的综合运用能力。《概况》课的设计应该从以学生为中心出发, 让学生积极主动地获取知识, 主动去探索和发现知识。现代网络多媒体技术的发展更有利于学生学习英语概况知识, 主动去探索和发现知识。现代网络多媒体技术的发展更有利于学生学习英语概况知识, 他们获取信息的渠道是多元化的, 除教材和学校图书馆资料外, 他们完全可以利用网络资源去探寻适合自己并使自己感兴趣的信息材料, 然后进行研读、对比、利用、最后成为自己的知识。这一过程不仅使学生的语言运用能力得到提高, 学生的判断力和识别力也会有所增强。

3.《英语国家概况》网络多媒体辅助教学的实施探讨

《概况》课堂教学与网上教学相结合是一个较为理想的方式。建立在网络基础上的多媒体教学具有多媒体集成、跨平台资源共享, 个别化学习、交互式和远程教学等许多优点。它可以综合调动多种媒体参与, 变静为动, 变抽象为直观。把难以理解, 不易讲清或不宜用语言及板书表达的内容生动直观地表达出来。这种展示手段具有丰富、灵活的特点, 非常适合知识容量大, 信息琐碎的英语国家概况课程。课堂上借助多媒体, 教师把制作好的精美课件展示给学生, 课件内容要做到美观而不繁杂、全面而富有逻辑性, 目的是帮助学生利用有限的课堂时间建立较为完整的知识体系。学生利用课外通过网上教学平台对已建立的知识体系进行细化。该课程的网上教学可根据学生的需要来设置, 比如学生考研率较大的学校可以增设考研交流网络平台。具体可细分为内容导航、在线学习、在线测试及在线监控等板块。内容导航板块可以理解为内容提要, 帮助学生了解各章节课程内容, 重点及难点, 明确学习目标等, 促使学生主动参与到该课程的学习中来。在线学习板块是该模式的重中之重, 同时也对教师提出了更高的要求, 概况教师可以把资料共享包括电子课件、电子教案、音像、图片等文件以及有关课程章节的文本资料分门别类建立若干文件夹供学生学习参考。网上交流或在线交流包括师生交流和生生交流是不可缺少的部分, 教师可以在线辅导答疑, 学生可以把自己平时学习过程中发现的有价值的资料、学习笔记以电子版的形式与大家分享, 这样无形中增进了学生之间的友谊并且会形成一种“竞争”式的学习, 会出现更多的同学把更有价值的东西分享给大家, 使更多的同学在学习中获得成就感, 从而增加了学习该课程的浓厚兴趣。在学期结束后, 教师可以建议学生把自己的学习体会、经验发表在论坛中供学弟学妹们参考, 以使他们更快地进入学习该课程的状态中去。在线学习板块不仅仅是展现该课程教师智慧的平台, 更是展现学生才华的平台, 教师要鼓励学生积极参与进来使这一平台变得更加丰富多彩。关于在线测试板块, 教师可以根据教学大纲的要求和选用教材的特点设计多套测试题库供学生课后练习使用。在线监控板块是对学生在线学习的记录, 可以帮助教师了解学生在线学习的情况, 教师可以通过此板块给学生布置课后作业并要求按规定的时间内完成, 技术条件允许的情况下教师可以利用系统自动批改, 这样学生也可以得到及时反馈, 有利于教与学的顺利进行。

综上所述, 网络多媒体辅助教学不仅可以满足学生获取学习资源的要求, 还可以使教师根据平台的交互功能随时关注与引导学生, 同时也改变了教师的单向灌输者的角色。借助网络多媒体进行辅助教学, 能保证教师在有限的教学时间里为学生提供较多的学习内容。同时缓解不断扩大的学生群体与相对不足的教师数量之间的矛盾, 为教师和学生进行创新性的教学活动提供了更为广阔而灵活的空间。总体来说, 网络多媒体辅助的英语国家概况课程具有可行性, 概况课教师要进一步深化研究, 积累更多更成熟的多媒体辅助教学经验, 以提高英语国家概况课程教学的整体质量。

参考文献

[1]樊文武.多媒体与英语概况教学[J].太原城市职业技术学院学报, 2005 (4) .[1]樊文武.多媒体与英语概况教学[J].太原城市职业技术学院学报, 2005 (4) .

[2]马岩, 张恒权.论高校英美概况课程的教学模式[J].黑龙江高教研究, 2008 (11) .[2]马岩, 张恒权.论高校英美概况课程的教学模式[J].黑龙江高教研究, 2008 (11) .

[3]戴晓东.《英美概况》网络多媒体辅助教学的设计与实施[J].浙江万里学院学报, 2006 (1) .[3]戴晓东.《英美概况》网络多媒体辅助教学的设计与实施[J].浙江万里学院学报, 2006 (1) .

8.美国加拿大概况要点 篇八

1the first settlement in North America

The first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English King.The colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on them and by transplanting tobacco in the colony of Virginia.In 1619, the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses, and the same time they bought and enslaved black servants.These two greatly influenced the political and social development of the United States later.2the religion reform and leaders

In the Religious Reformation, Martin Luther, a German professor of theology, believed that sinful men could win salvation neither by good works nor through the church or the pope.And the only true guide to the will of god was the Bible.John Calvin, a Frenchman, who had fled to Switzerland, started his reform movement.In England, King Henry VIII,(8th)because of the political disputes with the Roman Catholic Church and his marital problems broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and set up the Church of England, and he became the head of the Church.3the founding father of Unite State Benjamin Franklindrafted Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

George Washington the commander of Continental Army and Navy

4the cause of American Revolution

By the early 1760s, the 13 colonies in North America had developed a similar American pattern in politics, economy and cultural life and enjoyed the same frontier environment.As a result, they were ready to separate themselves from the old world.The American Revolution officially proclaimed the birth of a new nation of Americans.3 civilizations

Aztecs, 阿兹台克Incas, Mayas

6Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble public places, the right to own weapons and so on.7check and balance p58

Three-part national government, they often refer to what they call its system of “check and balances”.The system works in many ways to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another.declaration of independence

The declaration of independence proclaimed that 13 united colonies are and of right ought to be free and independent states.But they were not clear about the future political system of the United States and the relationship between the states and the government of the new nation.united states constitution

The plan for the government was written in very simple language in a document called the constitution of the United States.1The constitution set up a federal 联邦的system with a strong central government.A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each.2The constitution also called for the election of national leader.3It provided that federal laws would be made only by a congress made up of representatives elected by the people.It also provided for a national court system headed by a supreme court.10wasp =a white Anglo-Saxon Protestant

American mainstream culture was developed from what is known as “WASP” culture and that people who settled

in the 13 North American colonies that would become the United States were mostly Protestant believers.11relationship between government and religion

The United States would have no state-supported religion.In this way, those men who formulated the principle tenets of the newly established political system hoped to insure that the diversity of religious belief would never become the source of social or political injustice or disaffection.religions between USA and European

First of all, American with different religions lives together under the same law.The bill of rights in the US constitution insists that there should be no state religion.Secondly, the religious beliefs of American continue to be strong with social progress.Thirdly, in the United States every church is completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its own building.three faiths

By the 1095s, the 3 faiths model of American religion had developed.American was considered to come in 3 basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish.In term of numbers, the Protestant are the strongest, the Catholic is next to the Protestant and Jewish are the smallest among the 3.Mark Twain

Mark Twain is the pen name of Samuel Clemens.He was one of the greatest American writers.He captured a peculiarly American sense of humor.He represented a new American voice.His major work was The Adventures of Huckberry Finn which has been called the great novel in American literature.15The lost generation

In the aftermath of World War I, many novelists produced a literature of disillusionment.Some lived in Europe.They were known as the lost generation, two of the most representative of it were Hemingway and Fitzgerald.16Hemingway

His main characters were usually tough, silent men, good at sports or war but awkward in their dealing with women.Among his best books were The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, and for whom the Bell Tolls.17nobel prize

Sinclair Lewis first one in USA /O’Neil /Saul Bellow/Isaac Bashevis Singer/

Hemingway /William Faulkner

18famous universities

California Institute of Technology 加州理工学院 Harvard University(MA)哈佛大学Massachusetts Inst.of Technology 麻省理工学院 Princeton University(NJ)普林斯顿大学Yale University(CT)耶鲁大学 Stanford University(CA)斯坦福大学 19Social separation

White and black couldn’t be together in a public place to enjoy the same right

20kkk

It was a secret organization which set up after the 1865 civil war of United States in the southern.It objected the liberation of black slavers in northern.Many years later, they came to alive to flight against the Jewish and Catholic people to keep the highest station of white.21luther King

P155 A civil right leader during the movement in 1960s gave a lot of speech, like “I have a dream”.He won the Nobel peace prize in 1964s for his achievement of raising the image of black.22Conterculture

It rejected capitalism and other American principles.They had morals different from those taught by their parents.Some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life.23hippies

They sought experience through dropping out and drug taking.But it was music, rock music in particular.They had a great impact on social moral.24imagery of crime

Male, young, a member of a racial minority, and a city resident

25Cold war

By the end of WWII, the United States became the strongest country in the world.As the possessor of atomic bombs and much of the world’s gold reserve, the policy-maker of the US wanted world order, and the US encountered determined resistance from the Soviet Union.Finally the two wartime allies fell apart.26NATO北大西洋公约组织

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization members are United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland.Organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party

27Warsaw The Warsaw Treaty was the Soviet Bloc’s military response to NATO Pact.28先发制人 Preemption

Preemption is formalized in the National Security Strategy issued in September 2002.When it determines that a country which is repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of mass destruction or has the potential to possess such weapons.29杜鲁门主义Truman Doctrine

The Truman Doctrine was a policy set forth by U.S.President Harry S.Truman on March 12, 1947 stating that the U.S.would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere.30古巴导弹危机Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States in October 1962, during the Cold War.In September 1962, the Cuban and Soviet governments began to surreptitiously build bases in Cuba for a number of medium-and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles with the ability to strike most of the continental United States.This issue was the turning point of the cold war.Can basic info(from sea to sea)

1the biggest city and the capital TorontoOttawa

210provinces and 3 territories

Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces and three territories.In turn, these may be grouped into regions: Western Canada, Central Canada, Atlantic Canada, and Northern Canada(the latter made up of the three territories: Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut).3economy

Canadian economy is influenced by Canada’s physical geography: huge size and small population has made extracting and transporting goods to markets difficult.The second is United States, which shares the long and open border with it.The third is the government’s intervention介入in the economy, rather than the market plays a full role.4central Canada

Central Canada, consisting of Ontario安大略and Quebec, are the parts of the country that were first settled.They are the industrial heartland of the country and are also the most densely populated provinces.They have the largest cities like Toronto and Montreal蒙特利尔.5Quebec

Quebec is a mainly French-speaking province in Canada.Here French speakers comprise 83% of the population.They feel that their linguistic and cultural heritage is threatened by the mainly English-speaking environment and that they are economically dominated by English Canada.They are keen to preserve the historic language and French-speaking culture.Canada-US relations

They are the 2 of the most open and interconnected societies in the world.They share a long and undefended border and they are in many military alliance.They also share long term interests in their economy.But sometime s there is the point where differences of opinion occur.The relations often have been rocky.Canada is governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state.7political system

1Canada’s system of government is based on the British system of parliamentary democracy.Canada is monarchy and its official head of state is the Queen, who is represented by an official called a Governor General.2The federal government distinguishes from the lower level government.3The parliament is divided into the house of common and the house of senate.The MP is elected.The head of the party which wins the most seats becomes the Prime minister.The cabinet is chosen by Prime Minister, is made up of senior Mps from the governing Party.8party

加拿大自由党Liberal Party of Canada

加拿大保守党Conservative Party of Canada

加拿大新民主党New Democratic Party

英国下议院总有一个拥有绝对多数的政党，该党领袖被国王任命为首相。下议院第二大党的领袖则成为反对党领袖。