英语连词的分类和用法

英语连词的分类和用法（精选7篇）

1.英语连词的分类和用法 篇一

《中考英语连词用法专练》由出国留学编辑精心为您学习英语准备。如有任何问题请联系我们。

中考英语连词用法专练

1. ―Oh, I failed again

―Don’t lose heart. One more effort, ________ you will succeed.

A. so that B. therefore C. however D. and

2. ________ a difficult situation, so you should send him a message and give him some advice.

A. As he is in B. He is in C. Being in D. He being in

3. She said she would work it out herself, ________ ask me for help.

A. and not to B. but not C. and prefer not D. rather than

4. ________ enough time, but I couldn’t do it better.

A. I was given B. Given C. To be given D. Though I was given

5. ―How can I wake up so early?

―Set the alarm at 5 o’clock, ________ you’ll make it.

A. but B. or C. and D. so

6. For a person with reading habits, a printed page contains not only words ________ ideas, thoughts and feelings.

A. yet B. and C. or D. but

7. Information technology is taught in most schools, ________ we have entered the information society.

A. so B. while C. still D. for

8. English is understood all over the world ________ Turkey is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.

A. while B. when C. if D. as

9. I was on the point of going to bed ________ Mr. Zhang rang.

A. as B. when C. while D. and

10. I asked him whether he had done all the work himself ________ whether he had had any assistance.

A. and B. but C. nor D. or

11. In some countries, ________ are called public schools are not owned by the public.

A. which B. as C. what D. that

12. ________ happens in the world makes us happy and sad by turns.

A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether

13. I read about this story in some book or other, does it matter ________ it was?

A. where B. what C. how D. which

14. One of the men present held the view ________ the book said was right.

A. what that B. what C. that D. that what

15. ________ I had walked for six hours, I was tired out.

A. After B. Before C. When D. As

16. Tom make up his mind to get a seat for the football match ________ it means standing in a queue all night.

A. as if B. as though C. even if D. whatever

17. The roof fell ________ he had time to dash into the house to save his baby.

A. as B. after C. until D. before

18. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ________ it comes to classroom tests.

A. as B. since C. when D. after

19. I have been keeping that photo ________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my college days.

A. which B. where C. whether D. when

20. You may borrow this book ________ you promise to give it back.

A. in case B. so long as C. as if D. even if

21. ________ the man grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.

A. With B. Since C. While D. As

22. ________ you understand this rule, you’ll have no further difficulty.

A. Once B. Unless C. As D. Until

23. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen ________ the door-bell rang loud enough to wake the dead.

A. when B. than C. as D. while

24. I criticized him, you know, not ________ I hate him but ________ I love him.

A. because; because B. because; for C. for; because D. for; for

25. ________ he studies hard, he will never pass the examination.

A. If B. Unless C. Even if D. Even though

26. She worked hard ________ everything would be ready by the time he came back.

A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless

27. He waited ________ the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later.

A. when B. before C. as D. until

28. ―May I go and play football with Dick this afternoon, Dad?

―No, you can’t go out ________ your work is being done.

A. before B. until C. as D. after

29. A warning news report from Qatar announces that a group of Islam will continue to kill Americans wherever they are ________ they leave the Arab world forever.

A. even though B. in case C. whenever D. until

30. I was so familiar with her that I recognized her voice ________ I picked up the phone.

A. the moment B. after C. before D. while

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2.英语连词的分类和用法 篇二

关键词：as,before

一、A S连接两个同时发生的动作, 事态都要一致吗?

As作为连词, 连接两个同时发生的动作, 事态必须要一致。

例:He smiled as he passed. (他一边经过, 一边微笑。)

“so long, ”he said as he left her. (他一边离开她, 一边说“再见”。)

He carried a stick that he swung in the air as he walked. (他手拎着一跟手杖边走边在空中挥舞。)

注意:AS的位置放在两个动词之间, 说明同时发生。

AS的位置若放在句首, 说明两个动作先后发生。

例:As I left the offie Iremembered the key. (当我离开办公室之际, 我就想起了那把钥匙。)

As he slept he had a dream. (当他躺下睡觉, 他就做了一个梦。)

二、连词before的用法归纳

1、表示“……才”, 强调从句的动作发生得太慢或太晚。

例:The film had on for ten minutes before we got to the cinema. (我们到电影院之前, 电影上映10分钟了, 我们才到电影院。)

The bus driver almost knocked me down before he saw me. (那位工交车司机差点儿把我撞到了, 才看到我。)

The fire lasted four hours before the firefighters could control it. (大火持续了大约四个小时, 消防队员才控制住火势。)

2、表示“还没来得及……就……”, “未……就……”, 强调主句的行为阻止了before从句行为的发生。如果从句中含有情态动词can或could的话, 则表示从句中的动作根本就没有发生。

例:He announced the ending of the meeting before I could get in a word. (没容得我插上一句话, 他就宣布散会了。)

The students rushed out of the classroom before the bell rang. (铃声还没响, 学生们就冲出了教室。)

注意:before有时本身含有否定意义, 从句不能再用否定词。

例:It became dark before we finished our task. (我们还没有完成任务, 天就黑了。)

表示“刚……就……”, 强调主句从句与从句动作紧密相连或几乎同时发生。这是, 主句中常有scarcely, barely, hardly等副词。

例:I had hardly turned off the light before the telephone rang. (我刚关掉灯, 电话铃就响了。)

We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain. (我们刚离开学校, 天就开始下雨了。)

3、表示“与其……倒不如……”, “宁愿……也不愿意……”, 相当于rather than.

例:He would be poor before he got money in this way. (他宁愿穷, 也不愿意用这种方式赚钱。)

The soldiers would fight to death before they surrendered. (战士们宁愿战斗到死也绝不投降。)

4、表示做某事的程序, 通常被译为“先……然后……”, “先……再……”, 表达此意时, 主句的动作可被理解成从句动作发生的前提或条件。

例:Be a pupil before you become a teacher. (先做学生再做老师。)

One must sow before one can reap. (先播种才能收获。)

5、在before sb.know it的习惯用语中, 常译为“不知不觉……就……”, “不知怎么……就……等。

例:Time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it. (时间飞快地流逝, 她不知不觉就过了3个月。)

The girl fell off the tree before she knew it. (这姑娘不知道怎么就一下子从树上摔下来。)

6、before热点句型用法。

It was not long before…… (过去) 没过多久就……。

例:

It was not long before he returned to Beijing. (不久他就回到北京了。)

需要特别注意下面结构的不同意义:

It was long before……过了很久才……

It will not be long before……要不了多久就……

It will be long before……要过很久才……。

3.连词“及”的用法及历时演变 篇三

摘 要：“及”是中古汉语使用频率最高的连词之一，其语法功能十分完备。“及”具有如下特点：属于非定位连词，可以连接体词和谓词，且连接项具有事理顺序，可以多项连接，连接位置不固定。“及”的演化路径为：及（动词：追及） >及（伴随动词：参与）>及（并列连词）。

关键词：及 连词 语法化

“及”是古代汉语使用频率最高的并列连词之一，《说文解字》：“及，逮也，从又从人。”段玉裁注：“及前人也。”可见“及”的本义为“追上、赶上（前面的人）”。“及”在汉语史上经历了动词、介词和连词的演变过程。本文描写“及”在各时期的用法，并分析其语法化过程。

一、“及”的用法

“及”的语法功能比较完备，能出现在多个句法位置，连接多种词类和结构。周生亚（1989：137）发现了“及”可以连接两个或两个以上的名词，也可以连接动词，而且连接项具有主次之分。事实上，“及”的用法十分灵活，具备连词的多种语法功能。

（一）属于非定位连词

“及”所带连接项可以充当主语、谓语、宾语、定语等多种句法成分，其中充当主语和宾语的频率最高。例如：

（1）辛巳，吴汉屠成都，夷述宗族及延岑等。（《后汉书·光武帝纪》）

（2）取仁王尸及首，连之以金薄，其身坐着殿上，三十二年为天子，后乃立其子为王。（《六度集经·卷一》）

（3）今北边诸将及懿所督，皆为僚属。（《三国志·魏书·明帝纪》）

（4）时尊者阿难及诸众会，闻佛所说，咸增敬仰，欢喜奉行。（《贤愚经·卷三》）

上面“及”连接成分前两例位于宾语位置，后两例位于主语位置。“及”连接项在这两个位置出现频率都比较高。徐朝红（2008：30）曾统计过中古汉语汉译佛经本缘部“及”连接成分充当句法成分位置的情况，其中作宾语1104例，作主语766例。

“及”所带连接项在句法位置出现的频率与其所带连接项的词性有关，“及”多连接体词性成分，特别是名词性成分数量最多，连接谓词性成分的情况较少，使其连接结构整体上具备体词性特征，因此其充当的句法成分也以主语和宾语为主。

（二）可以连接体词和谓词

“及”以连接体词为主，连接谓词相对来说较少。当连接项为短语时其功能类型较多。例如：

（5）我向辄持大家言教，请二尊者及五百弟子，今日来食，愿时供办。（《贤愚经·卷四》）

（6）城中每得古器、大鼎，及弓、弩、金之属，知非常人之所处也。（《古小说钩沉·述异记》）

（7）二月上旬及麻菩、杨生种者为上时，三月上旬及清明节、桃始花为中时，四月上旬及枣叶生、桑花落为下时。（《齐民要术·种谷》）

上例显示，“及”连接的短语包括偏正短语、联合短语、主谓短语、动宾短语、介宾短语和补充短语等，基本涵盖了绝大多数短语类型，这表明其连接功能极其完备。“及”连接谓词性的用例不如体词多，连接项为谓词性成分时其结构上常有某些成分的对称或复现。例如：

（8）若蒙所愿，愿赐一子，当以金银校饰天身及以名香涂治神室。（《贤愚经·卷一》）

（9）布施之报，十世受福，六天人中，往返十到，犹故不如放人出家及自出家功德为胜。（《贤愚经·卷四》）

（10）汝等皆严！当诣瞻婆村、揵茶村、婆梨婆村及诣负弥城。（《长阿含经·卷三》）

（三）连接项具有事理顺序

“及”对连接项的顺序有比较严格的限制，这种顺序往往体现了人类对事物发展一般规律的认识。一般来说，重要的、地位高者居前，次要的、地位低者居后。例如：

（11）郡国大姓及兵长、群盗处处并起，攻劫在所，害杀长吏。（《后汉书·光武帝纪》）

（12）复有十方诸神妙天皆来集会，礼敬如来及比丘僧。（《长阿含经·第二分大会经》）

（13）谢子微见许子政虔及弟绍曰：平舆之渊，有双龙出矣。（《古小说钩沉·小说》）

上例“郡国大姓”的地位高于“兵长”，“兵长”的地位高于“群盗”，“如来”的地位高于“比丘僧”，“许子政虔”年长于“弟绍”，所以前者置于后者之前。

（四）可以多项连接

“及”多连接两个连接项，但连接三个及以上成分的用例并不少见。例如：

（14）初，郑甘、王照及卢水胡率其属来降。（《三国志·魏书·文帝纪》）

（15）秋八月丙寅，令武威、张掖、酒泉、敦煌及张掖属国，系囚右趾已下任兵者，皆一切勿治其罪，诣军营。（《后汉书· 显宗孝明帝纪》）

（16）其命郡国有谷者，给禀高年、鳏、寡、孤、独及笃癃、无家属贫不能自存者，如《律》。（《后汉书·光武帝纪》）

上例可以看到，“及”连接项有的是三项，如例（14）；有的是五项，如例（15）；最多达到了七项，如例（16）“高年、鳏、寡、孤、独及笃癃、无家属贫不能自存者”，可见“及”的连接项数目并无严格限制。

二、“及”的语法化

“及”最初为动词，甲骨文中的“及”多为“追上、赶上”义，如陈永正（1986）提到“及”在甲骨卜辞中经常出现在“及方”“弗及”等短语中，其中的“及”即是“追及”之义，经常用于征伐之辞。这一词义在上古后期仍在使用，但开始泛用于一般和抽象动作或状态了。例如：

（17）公子遂会晋赵盾、宋华耦、卫孔达、许大夫救郑，不及楚师。（《左传·文公八年》）

（18）惜乎！夫子之说，君子也。驷不及舌。（《论语·颜渊》）

“及”的介词化早在上古时期就已经完成，如洪波（2000）和吴福祥（2003）认为早在西周时期“及”就已经产生了介词用法。由于“及”的意义已经由具体表示追赶的动作，抽象化为表示涉及或参与动作，使其能够连接关涉的人或事物，当“及”后再出现其它动词时，会形成“及+NP+VP”结构，整个结构的语义重心转移到后项动词上，“及”的意义进一步虚化出引出人或事物的介引功能，从而产生了“跟、同”义的介词功能。例如：

（19）九月，及宋人盟于宿。（《公羊传·隐公元年》）

（20）公会齐侯于泺，遂及文姜如齐。（《左传·桓公十八年》）

（21）采葑采菲，无以下体。德音莫违，及尔同死。（《诗经·邶风·谷风》）

上述例子中的“及”前没有出现连接前项，这显然不是连词的典型特征。上例的“及”都起引出动作涉及对象的作用，所以可以认定为介词；有的例子“及”前有副词出现，如例（20）的“遂”，这进一步表明上例的“及”是介词而非连词。

对于连词“及”的演化路径，学术界有两种看法：1.伴随动词>伴随介词>伴随连词，如洪波（2000）、吴福祥（2003）；2.伴随动词>伴随连词，如江蓝生（2012）。我们倾向于江蓝生的看法，即连词“并”直接由动词演化而来，理由如下：首先，“及”的连词用法和介词用法几乎同时产生，武振玉（2007：153）指出两周金文中就有连词用法，其中西周中期3例，西周晚期2例，春秋11例，而介词用法有8例，其中西周晚期6例，战国2例。可见，“及”的连词用法并不晚于介词用法，甚至可能比之更早产生。其次，“及”的本义为“追赶、追上”，后泛化为“参与、涉及”等抽象关涉动词。此义连接的两项人或事物并没有明显的语义轻重之别，“及”后连接的名词是动作天然的参与者，不需要经过语义上有主从、先后、轻重区别的介词环节就可以直接演化为连词；第三，由伴随动词直接演化为连词而不需要经历介词阶段的情况早有先例，如上文中的“并”。因此，“及”的演化路径为：及（动词：追及）>及（伴随动词：参与）>及（并列连词）。

（本研究得到重庆市社会科学规划2014年度博士项目“汉语核心连词的历时演变研究”及中央专项配套资金青年人才培训与研究支持计划“中古汉语连词语法化的个案研究”[项目编号：WXY201F006]的资助。）

参考文献：

[1]陈永正.西周春秋铜器铭文中的联结词[A].古文字研究（第十五

辑）[C].北京：中华书局，1986.

[2]洪波.论平行虚化[A].汉语史研究辑刊（第二辑）[C].成都：巴

蜀书社，2000.

[3]江蓝生.汉语连-介词的来源及其语法化的路径和类型[J].中国

语文，2012，（4）.

[4]吴福祥.汉语伴随介词语法化的类型学研究[J].中国语文，2003，

（1）.

[5]武振玉.两周金文中连词“则”的用法研究[J].古籍整理研究学

刊，2007，（2）.

[6]周生亚.并列连词“与，及”用法辨析[J].中国语文，1989，

（2）.

4.英语动词的分类以及用法 篇四

根据词义特点，行为动词可分为动态动词和静态动词。动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等;静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know, live, lie, exist, be, have, mean, seem, appear, sound, prove, concerns, hate, dislike, like, love, prefer, surprise, astonish, satisfy, contain, include, matter depend on, belong to, guess, suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。

■及物动词与不及物动词

根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词(vt. ) 后面要跟宾语，不及物动词(vi. ) 不跟宾语。如：

They study hard. 他们勤奋学习。(study后没有宾语，是不及物动词)

I know them well. 我很了解他们。(know后有宾语them，是及物动词)

注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如：

She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)

She sang an English song just now. 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)

■延续性动词和非延续性动词

根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。

注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：

[译]他离开这里三天了。

[误]He has left here for three days.

[正]He has been away from here for three days.

[正]He left here three days ago.

[正]It’s three days since he left.

■限定动词与非限定动词

限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，在句中不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化(详见非谓语动词一章) 。如：

5.英语连词的分类和用法 篇五

1、介词的分类与语法功能

（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。

常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如：

①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather

forecast.

②He quarrelled with her yesterday.

③He succeeded in passing the final exam.

④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.

⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.

（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如：

①This machine is in good condition.(表语)

②Where is the key to my bike?(定语)

③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)

④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）

2、介词搭配

（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。

①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意

义的动词与of 连用)

②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用）

③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用）

④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系（=动词 + sb.’s + 部位，可换用）

strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用)

catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用)

hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用）

⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止，禁止”意义与from连用)

⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.（“说服，建议”意义与into连用）

⑦buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用)

⑧tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)

⑨give sth. to sb.（give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用）

注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。

⑩say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。

同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。

for（寻找） to sth. of(听说) on(拜访)

look to (眺望) agree with sb. hear call for(需要)

at（看） on sth. from(收到信) in(请)

同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。

reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和……唱（跳），amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献给，drink to为……干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜……，ask … for … 寻找，use … for用作，leave for前往，take … for误以为，call of倡导，wait for等待，care for喜欢，make up for弥补损失，turn to求助（救）于，help oneself to随意，agree to同意，compare … to把……比作，send for派人去请（拿）……，sail for驶向，航向，set out for动身去，go in for爱好……。

（2）常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。

of担心…… about / at sth.

afraid angry

for 替……而担心 with sb.

for sth.渴望…… different from与……不同

amxious

about sth. / sb担心…… different to … 不关心……

of讨厌 with sb.

tired strict

from/ with因……疲倦 in sth.要求严格

at擅长 with sb.受……欢迎

good for对……有益 popular in some place流行在……

of sb. to do so友好 for … 因……而流行

with + 名词或what从句

pleased helpful to对……有帮助

at + 抽象名词（听 / 看到……而高兴）

to sb.为人所知

known for因……而出名 be familiar with熟悉

as作为……出名 be familiar to为……熟知（悉）

sorry for … 替……后悔 disappointed at sth.失望

from缺席

rich in富有…… absent

in离开此地去了……

worthy of值得的，glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴，far from离……远，grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人，free from没有……（免除……），proud of(take pride in)自豪，satisfied with (by)满意，sure of / about确信，fond of喜欢，fit for适合，busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事，full of充满，ready for准备，similar to相似，wrong with不对；有毛病……

（3）“名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。

the absence of water缺水

the hope of success成功的希望

have a chance of (for) entering college上大学的机会

take pride in them为他们感到骄傲

the key to the question问题的答案

a medicine for cough治咳嗽的药

the ticket for tomorrow明天的票

in Beijing去了北京

his abesence

from Beijing不在北京

to study学习方法

the way

of studying maths学习教学的方法

3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析

（1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。

表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，

如：in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。

还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如：in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。但要注意：

①at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night（大夜间）。

②in five days（weeks, months, years）中in意思是“在……以后”。

③in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：

during the discussion in discussing the problem

during her stay in Hubei in playing basketball

during the course of in digging the tunnel

（2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。

on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morning

on Christmas Day(但at Chrismas),on Christmas Eve, on

Children’s Day

on March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of Oct.1

early on the morning of Oct.1(区别：in the late / early morning of Oct.1)

on a rainy night, on warm winter days

(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。

at breakfast(supper, lunch),at six

at noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)

at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。

注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如：

next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years

one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day

one day、yesterday / afternoon,the night before

（4）till、until、to的用法。

①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如：

He waited for me till twelve o’clock.

He didn’t get up till(until) 10 a.m.(不可用to).

但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如：

Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.

②to表“终结”时常用和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意

义。如：from July to September, from six to(till)eight（从……到……为止），但from morning till night（从早到晚），不能用to。from … to常构成习惯搭配，不可换用其他介词。（A）表持久连续、传递、转移的含义。from time to time(不时，有时)，from day to day (天天),from hand to hand(不断传下去)，from place to place（处处，到处），from side to side(左右摇摆)，from door to door（家家户户），from house to house（挨家挨户），from shop to shop（一个商店接一个商店）。(B)表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变化。from beginning to end(从头到尾，自始至终)（from the beginning to the end of…）;from hand to mouth(仅能糊口)，from bad to worse(越来越糟)，from head to foot(从头到脚),

from top to bottom（整个地，彻底地），from top to toe(全身)，from start to finish（自始至终，从头到尾）。（C）from one + 名词 + to another表示“依次”。如from one car to another（顺着车厢依次地）。（D）名词 + by + 同一单数名词，表示“一个一个地”，要与from … to短语区别开：one by one 一个一个地；little by little(bit)一点一点地；step by step 一步一步地，逐渐地（但by and by 不久以后）；sentence by sentence逐句地；day by day一天一天地；side by side(with…)(和……)并肩，一起；shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地，齐心协力；hand in hand 手拉手，紧紧地;face to face面对面。

（5）in、after、later

①in + 一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在……之内”时，用于各种时态。

②一段时间 + later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。

③after + 一段时间表示：“在……之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,即after + 点时间，用于各种时态。

The doctor will be with us in six minutes.

She graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory.

He received her letter after four weeks.

另外，in + 一段时间 + ’s + time 与 within + 一段时间的用法如下：

in a week’s time = in a week

They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用)

My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.（作表语）

I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态，不超出，在……之内)

（6）地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。

①at 在较小的场所，in在较大的场所，on在……的平面上。如at the

door、at the airport、at the station、at 55 Park Street、in China、in the north、in Asia、on the desk、on the wall等。

②on、at、in还可以表示两地相对位置。若A地属于B地，用in;A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接用on；无边缘的衔接有to。如：

Japan lies to the east of China.(范围之外)

Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.（范围之外）

Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.(毗邻)

The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距离)

③地点介词的引申、比喻意义：in the sun在阳光下，in the dark(ness)在黑暗中，in the dark不知道，in freezing weather在严寒天气中，in the mud在泥中，in the earth在地下,in the desert在沙漠中,in a heavy rain 在大雨中，in the snow / wind在雪/风中,in public 当众，in trouble 在困境中，get into trouble陷入困境，out of trouble摆脱困难，beyond hope绝望。

④across在物体表面“穿过”；through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。如：

They walked across the playground.

I walked through the forest.

⑤over / under / above / below。

over、above译作“在……之上”；under、below译作“在……的下面”，其区别在于over、under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above、below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。如：

A little boat is now under the bridge.

There is a bridge over the river.

The sun sinks below the horizon(地平线)

The window is well above the tree.

⑥表示地点介词的静态性和动态性

He walked to the station（静态，表示方向和目的地）

He walked towards the station.(动态，只表示方向)

He is kind to (towards)us.（两者通用）

He is at the station.(静态，表示地点)

They arrived at the station.(动态，表示地点)

He swam away from the ship.(动态“离开”)

He stood away from the shop.(静态“远离”)

He fell onto the floor.(动态“到地面”)

The city is on the Changjiang River.(静态“平面”)

Go off the road.偏离了道路（动态“离去”）

Come along the river.沿着河过来（线）

across the fields 跨过田野……，over the desert跨越沙漠

across the river横跨这条河……，over the hill翻过这座山

be in the house(静态，在这里……)stay out of the car(静态，在……外)

go into the house(动态，进入)fly out of the country(动态，离开)

（7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词

①by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。如He rent a house by the year(day,hour).(按by+the+单位名称)但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。

②表泛指的方式、手段

by post/mail邮寄，by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity用电，by machinery用电器，by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop

③交通工具类

by bus/train/car/taxi(road)

by bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot

by plane/jet/spaceship,by air

by ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water

另外：by means of 用……方法，by way of 经由，取道于，用……方法，with the help (permission)of sb./with sb.’s help (permis-

sion)。

④表方式、手段的其他用法

He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具机器)

One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官，但by hand“手工，用手”)

He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)

注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如：in high (good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise,in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)

（8）表示“除……之外”的几组常用介绍比较。

①besides 除……以外，（还有）。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。

Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw.除了肖外，我们都去了电影院。

It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired.

②except除去，除……之外（不再有）。

We all went except John.我们都去了，约翰没有。

在否定句中，两词可以换用，如：

He has no other hats except / besides this one.

③except for除了……（对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明）后接名词、代词或what从句，此时与except that + 句子意思相同。

He was very clever except for carelessness.

④except that … 除了……一点以外。

He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.

⑤but与except

but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：

①前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。

All but one are here.

Nobody but I likes making model ships.

②后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。

He has nothing to do but wait.（前有do,后省to）

③but与一些固定结构连用。

have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……，but for … 如不是……

（9）between与among.

between通常指两者之间。也可以用于三者以上的两者之间。如：

Ann is between Tom and Bill.

Switzer land lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.

They soon finished the work between themselves.(共同，合作)

She was busy between cooking, washing, sewing and looking after the baby.(表示接连不断地，一个接一个地忙这忙那)

A horse can be seen between trees now.

among表示三者以上之间。如：

The story is said to have happened in a village among the hills.

He was happy to be among friends again.

We must agree among ourselves.(一起，共同)我们必须达成共识。

London is among the largest cities.( = one of与最高级连用)

（10）表原因的介词for、because of、due to。

He didn’t come to the meeting because of his illness.

The reason for his coming late is that he was ill.

He was praised for his bravery and courage.

The accident is due to your careless driving.

(11)不定式复合结构中的for、of。

这里所说的不定式复合结构形式指的是for 或of加上人或事，作动词不定式逻辑主语的结构。

①It is clever of you to answer it like that.

②It is quite hard for me to explain why.

注意：两句中的of和for的使用，表语形容词能够说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征与面貌时用of,如果说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等则用for。

（12）兼作连词和副词的介词。

①after、since、till / still、before这些词既是介词，又是连词。

The children went home at once after school.

They went to bed after they had finished the job.

②in、on、along、down、up、after、before、along、beyond等介词可兼作副词。

He ran down the hill.（介词）

Can you lift that box down from the shelf for me ?(副词)

③有的介词可以兼作连词和副词。

All the students got to school before me.(before为介词)

We do want to buy something now before prices go up.(连词)

Haven’t I seen you before?(before为副词)

（13）介词的省略。

①表示时间的介词on、at 、in的省略。在next、last、yesterday、tomorrow、each、one、any、every、all等词之前，可以省略，也可以不省略。如（at）last weekend、（on）that day等。

②介词for表示时间的省略要求。（A）以all开头的名词短语，for要省略。如：I stayed with her all he morning.（B）表示一段时间的短语之前，for可以省略，也可以不省略。如：I have been waiting hereI (for) more than three hours.（C）否定句中，表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如：I haven’t seen you for thirty years.(D)时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略。如：For the whole morning,the old man kept reading.

③某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。

Nothing can prevent me(from)doing the job.

She spent nearly two hours(in)translating it.

（14）某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。

①要求接to的名词有：key、answer、visit、entrance、apology、introduction、road等。

②要求接in 的名词有：interest、satisfaction、expert等。

He is expert in teaching small children.

(15)几个常用的并列连词。

①both … and, either … or, neither … nor

both … and“双方都”，连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常用使用复数形式。either … or与neither … nor注意采取“就近原则”。

②not only … but also, as well as

注意：两者强调对象不同，not only … but also强调的是but also之后部分，而as well as则强调其前面的部分。not only … but also采取“就近原则”，而as well as只是一个插入语，采取“就远原则”。如：

Mr.Smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for a visit.

not only … but also结构中的not only可用于句首，连接两个分句时，第一个从句主谓要倒装。

Not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working.

（16）几个常用的从属连词。

①when、while、as都表示“当……时候”，when引导的从句的动作与主句的动词可同时发生，也可先后发生；as、while引导的从句则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。如：

When I go to the station, the train had already left.

He sang merrily as he was working.

②till、until均表示“到……时候止”，肯定句中的谓语必须是延续性动作。如：I worked till late at night.若主句谓语是终止性动词，则主句要用否定形式，意为动作“到……才……”开始发生。如：

She didn’t get up until her mother came in.

注意：till和until通常情况下可以互换，只是在句首时until比till更常用。

③though、although均引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……”，although较正式，though最常用。如：

Thouth (Although)he was tired,he kept on working.

注意：though、although引导的从句不能与but、however连用，但可以与yet、still连用。though还可以与别的词结合使用，如even though、

as though,而although则不能这样搭配。

④no sooner … than、hardly … when、as soon as三者都表示“一……就”，“刚刚……就”的意思。（A）as soon as 置于主句前后都可以，而且有备各种时态。如：As soon as she gets here I’ll tell her about

it. Mary left as soon as the finished the work.(B)hardly … when、no sooner … than不能表示将来的事，其主句的谓语动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若将hardly或no sooner放在句首，句子要倒装。如：No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

⑤某些表示时间的名词（词组）也可用作从属连词。它们是：the moment, the minute,the instant, the day, the time, the first(second, third …)time, the spring (summer, autumn,winter),every(each,next,

any) time(day),by the time,都可引导时间状语从句。如：

His mother died the spring he returned.

Call me up the minute he arrives.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. The home improvements have taken what little there is _________my spare time.(NMET 2001)

A.from B.in C.of D.at

解析：答案为C。本题考查句子结构中介词of的有法。what引导的从句作谓语have taken的宾语，而从句中的基本句型为“there is little of …”,表示“……有很少”，what 修饰little提到了从句句首。注意正确把握句子结构和介词用法，要明白of my spare time和in my spare time的区别。

2. ____________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(NMET 2000)

A.As B.For C.With D.Through

解析：答案为C。本题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。“with + 名词 + 不定式/分词/名词/形容词/介词短语等”可在句中作伴随、时间、原因、条件等状语。本题中with的复合结构作伴随状语。

3. The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ___________they will save us money in the long run.（2000春季高考题）

A.or B.since C.for D.but

解析：答案为D。本题考查并列连词or、for、but和从属连词的意义和用法。并列连词or通常表示选择关系；for表示因果关系；but表示转折关系；从属连词since表示原因。通过比较前后两个分句意思可知，它们是转折关系。

4. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________.

A.on B.up C.above D.by

解析：答案为A。不定式“to stand + 介词”作定语修饰a tall box,其中被修饰词在逻辑意义上是不及物动词，只有加上吊尾介词，句子意思才完整。吊尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少，吊尾介词使用的场合有：

（1）定语从句中，先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰，不及物动词后要接介词，先行词被“动词 + 介词”组成的短语动词所修饰，介词常在句尾。

He is the man I just spoke to.

(2)what、whose、who、whatever等引导的宾语从句，宾语从句出现吊尾介词。

I can’t imagine what it is like.

(3) 强调句型，特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更，常出现吊尾介词。

It was the poor boy that we gave the books to.

What for? Where to? Who with?

(4)不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场合、工具、方式、材料”等意义的名词时常带吊尾介词。

a room to live in, a bench to sit on

There is nothing to worry about.

She is a good girl to work with.

(5)某些形容词后接不定式或“动词 + 介词”型短语，动词的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介词。

①fit、easy、hard、comfortable、difficult、heavy等形容词后。

②The river is good to swim in.

The box is too heavy to carry.

③be worth doing sth.,be worthy of being done / to be done, want/

require / need doing

介词与连词

1．We offered him our congratulations his passing the college entrance exams．

A．at B．0n C．for D．of

2．Let’s walk over--the sun．

A．in B．to C．under D．by

3．We’re all going to the games．Why don’t you come ?

A．up B．across C．along D．to

4．If you are worried about the problem，you should do something it．

A．about B．for C．against D．with

5．I wanted two seats Madame Curie for Friday night，so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets．

A．of B．about C．to D．for

6．He thought the jar made of earth little value and 1et me have it only one dollar．

A．with；for B．of；for C．of；by D．with；by

7．We can’t feel that we are going forward as everythjng us is moving the same speed．

A．around；at B．around；with C．before；at D．with；in

8．The two rings are so alike that it is difficult to tell one the other．

A．very；to B．much；to C．much；from D．very；from

9．It’s so nice to go out for a walk a cool nice summer evening．

A．in B．on C．for D．a

10．He decided to the matter himself．

A．look through B.look into C．look after D．look up

11．I ran an old friend of mine yesterday，whom I hadn’t seen for ages．

A．across B．cross C．after D．for

12．The scientist is well known us his great achievement．

A．to；for B．by；for C．by；as D．to；in

13．This article is quite me．There are too many new words

A．above B．against C．upon D．beyond

14．Does John know any other foreign languages French？

A．except B．but C．besides D．beside

15．She thought I was talking about her daughter， ，in fact，I was talking about my daughter．

A．whom B．where C．which D．while

16．They were surprised that a child should work out the problem they themselves couldn’t．

A．once B．then C．while D．if

17．My name is Robert， most of my friends call me Bob for short．

A．then B．instead C．however D．but

18．-I don’t like reading watching TV．What about you?

-I don’t like reading all day， I 1ike watching TV plays．

A．and；but B．and；and C．or；and D．or；but

19．It was raining hard， ，the peasants went on with their work．

A．but B．and C．however D．although

20．-What do you want those old boxes?

-To put things in when I move to the new flat．

A．by B．for C．of D．with

介词与连词

6.英语连词的分类和用法 篇六

（一）红色1.汉语－英语红茶black tea

红白事weddings and funerals红榜honor roll红薯sweet potato

开门红make a good start红心loyal heart

红得发紫extremely popular走红运to have a good luck

大红人a favorite with sb.in power红绿灯traffic light看破红尘see through the vanity of the world2.英语－汉语

red alert（台风，空袭）紧急警报the red carpet隆重的欢迎red battle一场血战red ruin火灾

red herring天关紧要的题外话red-eye廉价的威士忌酒red ball特快列车

red box英国大臣用的文件匣

（二）白色1.汉语一英语白班day shift

白开水plain boiled water白眼supercilious look

白手起家to start from scratch2.英语一汉语

white alert解除警报

white collar workers白领工作者a white night不眠之夜

to see the white见世面，长世故a white day吉祥之日

to show the white feather显示懦弱white books政府公文（白皮书）to stand in a white sheet公开忏悔the white terror白色恐怖to bleed white被榨尽血汗the white army白军

to leech sb.white吸干某人的血

（三）黑色1.汉语

墨镜sun glasses

黑货smuggled goods黑心肠evil mind黑体字boldface type黑咕隆咚pitch-dark

黑更半夜in the dead of night2.英语一汉语

black tie正式社交场合to be in black mood情绪低落in the black赢利

a black letter day倒霉的日子black market非法市场Black Maria囚车，巡警车black and blue遍体鳞伤black diamonds煤

black coffee咖啡，纯咖啡black ingratitude忘恩负义black tea红茶black draught泻药

（四）黄色1.汉语一英语

黄土高原loess plateau黄道吉日lucky day2.英语一汉语

yellow dog卑鄙的人

You are yellow！你是胆小鬼！yellow belly可鄙的胆小鬼yellow looks尖酸多疑的神情yellow alert预备警备yellow steak胆怯，懦怯

a yellow-dog contract以受雇工人不加入工会为条件的雇用契约

（六）绿色1.汉语一英语

绿化山区afforest the mountain district 2.英语一汉语

in the green在青春期to look green脸色苍白in the green tree处于佳境

to give sb.the green light纵容某人green house温室

green hand没有经验的人生手green apple未熟的苹果green corn嫩玉米

a green old age老当益壮

（七）灰色1.汉语一英语

灰墙plastered wall灰心丧气to lose heart灰色人生观a pessimistic outlook on life

2.英语一汉语a gray day阴天gray record古书

the gray market半黑市gray code反射码

gray prospects暗淡的前景gray cloth本布色

gray collar服务性的行业gray mare比丈夫强的妻子

（八）棕色1.汉语一英语棕毛palm fiber棕绳coir rope

棕竹a variety of black bamboo2.英语一汉语

brown bread黑面包

brown polish黑白混血儿brown rice糙米brown sugar红糖brown paper牛皮纸

7.英语连词的分类和用法 篇七

A.and通常用来连接两个并列或对称关系的词、词组或句子，意思是“和、与、并、同”。例如：

1.He likes fish and vegetables.他喜欢鱼和蔬菜。

2.Eating less and taking Rloraexercise are good for your health.少吃多锻炼对你的健康有好处。

3.I help you and you help him.我帮助你，你帮助他。

and连接两个或两个以上的并列成分时，最后两个成分用and连接，其他用逗号隔开：连接两个或两个以上的单数人称代词时。通常按“第二人称、第一人称”或“第二人称、第三人称、第一人称”的顺序。例如：

1.I’d like a cup of milk.two piecesof bread and two eggs.我想要一杯牛奶，两块面包和两个鸡蛋。

2.He and I want to go.我和他都想去。

3.You，he，and I are like ReadingClub.我、你、他都喜欢阅读俱乐部。

and可以与both连用构成复合连词“both…and…”，意思是“两者都、既……又……；不但……而且……”。例如；

1.Both his father and his brotherare doctors.他的爸爸和哥哥都是医生。

2.He is both strong and healthy.他既强壮又健康。

温馨提示：a.在否定句中表示并列关系时不用and，通常用or来连接。例如：

1.The kid doesn’t read or write.那个小孩不会读和写。

2.He doesn’t have a brother or asister.他没有兄弟姐妹。

b.and连接数词作主语或在therebe结构中，谓语动词要遵循靠近原则。例如：

1.Eight and five is thirteen.8加5等于13。

2.There isa pencil andtwo pens in thepencil-box.铅笔盒里一支铅笔和两支钢笔。

试比较：There are twopens and a pencil in the pencil-box.

B.but连接两个意义不同或相反的词、词组或句子，表示转折，意思是“但是、可是”。例如：

1.I think so.but my brotherdoesn’t.我是这样认为的，但是我的兄弟不是。

2.It has no mouth.but it can talk.它没有嘴巴，但是会说话。

but可以和副词not连用构成词组not…but…，意思是“不是……而是……”。例如：

1.It is not made of steel，but of plastics.这不是钢做成的，而是塑料做成的。

2.They saw not locusts this time，but seagulls.他们这一次看到的不是蝗虫，而是海鸥。

C.or连接两个或两个以上的词、词组或句子，表示选择，意思是“或、或者、是……还是……”。例如：

1.Is it sweet or sour?是甜的还是酸的?

2.—Whose English is better,Jackor Mike?谁的英语比较好，杰克还是迈克?

—I think they are neck，and neck.我认为他们不相上下。

or用作连词时，有“否则、要不然”的意思。例如：

Hurry up，or you’ll be late.快一点。否则你就会迟到。

or与连词either连用时，构成复合连词either…or…，意思是“不是……就是……、要么……要么……”。例如：

1.You may either stay here or gowith me.你要么呆在这儿，要么和我一起去。

2.Either come in or go out.要么就进来，要么就出去。

either…or…连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循靠近原则。例如：

Either you or I am wrong.不是你错。就是我错。

同学们在学习和使用以上三个并列连词时，除了注意其含义和用法之外，还要注意学习和使用带有and，but和or这三个连词构成的词组或固定搭配。例如：

1.again and again再三地

2.between…and…在……和……之间

3.up and down前前后后、来来回回

4.neck and neck肩并肩、齐头并进

5.both…and…既……又……

6.a little now and then时而

7.nothing but只是、只有

8.not…but…不是……而是……

9.not only…but also…不但……而且……

10.or so左右

11.more or less或多或少