虚拟语气学习心得

虚拟语气学习心得（精选8篇）

1.虚拟语气学习心得 篇一

语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型

虚拟语气

虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。

一、 虚拟语气在单句中的用法

常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：

Long live the Peoples Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！

be happy! 快乐！

have a good time! 玩得愉快！

succeed! 成功！

make progress! 进步！

二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：

1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法

1） 表示与现在事实相反

条件从句 主句

一般过去时（be多用于were） would/should/could/might＋动词原形

例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation.

如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。

If I had time,I would go there.

如果我有空，我就去那儿。

2） 与过去事实相反

条件从句 主句

过去完成时 would/should/could/might＋have done

例如：If you had come earlier,you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus.

如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。

If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.

如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。

3） 与将来事实可能相反

条件从句 主句

一般过去时（be多用were）

should do,were to do would/should/could/might＋动词原形

例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be

put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）

If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.

万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。

4） if的省略

如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should

置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。

例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.

5)条件句或主句的省略

当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。

例如：--Why didnt you attend the party yesterday?

--I would/should have,but I was too busy then.

I was surprised that you didnt like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.）

6)混合时间条件句与主句

条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。

例如：If the teacher hadnt been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.

7)含蓄条件句与主句

即用without(＝but for),or(else)代替if从句。

例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.

＝If his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.

2.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法：

在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：

The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years.

注：as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）

3．在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：

1） 在wish后的宾语从句中的用法：

A．与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done”形式。例如：I wish I had passed yesterdays exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。

B．与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did”形式。例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.

C．表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do”形式。例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!

2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为“(should) do”形式。例如：I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/

insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.

3)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”结构中，that从句的谓语用一般过去

时或“should do”形式。例如：It is high time he 他该开始了。

4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,

advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do”形式。例如：

My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.

虚拟语气考点分析

1．--Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?

--I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)

A.had B.would C.was going to D.did

析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadnt had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。

2．If there were no subjunctive,English ______ much easier. (NMET)

A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be

析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。

3．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (NMET)

A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey

析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。

4．I wish I _____ you yesterday.

A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see

析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。

5．-- If he _____ ,he _____ that food.

-- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET)

A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken

C.wuld be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken

析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。

6.Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. (NMET)

A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be

析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。

7．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____. (NMET)

A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken

析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。

8．You didnt let me drive.If we _____ in turn,you _____ so tired. (NMET)

A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get

C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got

析：观察题干，可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是D。

9．I didnt see your uncle at the party.If he _____ ,he would have said hello to

me.

A.would come B.had come C.came D.did come

析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。

10．_____ it _____ for your help,I couldnt have made any progress.

A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be

析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）

11．Mr Smith was badly ill,or he _____ our dinner party.

A.should come to B.would have attended

C.would come to D.should have attended

析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为B。

倒装句型

英语的倒装有两大类型：

一、 全部倒装：指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装，有下列几种情况：

1． here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首时引起全部倒装。

例如：

Here is a letter for you./There goes the last train./The door opened,and in came Mr Smith./Away went the boy./Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas./Back came the others./Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand./Then came a noise like thunder./Now comes the bus.

2． 介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首，引起全部倒装。例如：

In the corner of the room stands a writing－table./South of the city lies a big factory./Under the bed lies a cat./In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long.

注：以上两种完全倒装主语必须是名词，谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词，如lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,rise,walk,run等，主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列，则不用完全倒装。例如：

Here it rains a lot every month of the year./Here we are!/Off you go!/Then she went to the shop.

3．在there be 结构中，采用全部倒装语序。例如：

There is a book in the bag.

表 系 主语

4．代词such作表语，意“这样的人”“这样的物”，应置于句首，其后全部倒装。例如：

Such were the facts./Such would be our home in the future.

二、 部分倒装：指部分谓语（如助动词、情态动词）位于主语之前的倒装。有下列一些情况：

1．一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意问句要求部分倒装。例如：Has he finished his work?/Its

a lovely day,isnt it?

2．特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语的特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。例如：

When did you go there?/Which do you like best?

3．only修饰动词、介词短语、状语从句，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装。例如：

Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.

注：“only＋名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。例如：

Only he can do it.(正) Only can he do it. (误)

4．含有否定意义的副词，如：not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句

首时，要求部分倒装。例如：

Hardly can I believe that./Never has he been to the Great Wall./Seldom does she

write to me.

5．not only…but(also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部

分倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。例如；

Not only should we study science,but also we should pay attention to politics.

注：若not only…but(also)…连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。

6．not until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。例如：

Not until he was ten did he go to school./Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in.

7．hardly…when…;no sooner…than…句型中，若hardly,no sooner位于句首时，主句

中要求部分倒装。例如：

Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang./No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包围)by the workers.

8．so表“也”、“同样”意，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。例如：

You can swim,so can I./If you go,so will I.

倒装语序考点分析

1． Not only _____ polluted but _____ crowded. (上海高考)

A.was the city;were the streets B.the city was;the streets were

C.was the city;the streets were D.the city was;were the streets

析：not only部分要部分倒装，可排除B、D。but(also)部分不要倒装，故C为正确答案。

2． Little _____ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.

(上海高考)

A．does he care B.did he care C.he care D.he cared

析：否定意义的Little在句首，该句要倒装，故答案在A、B之中选择一个，因A的时

态不对，故答案为B。

3．Only in this way _____ progess in your English. (NMET)

A.you make B.can you make C.you be able to make D.will you able to come

析：Only 修饰in this way置于句首，句子要部分倒装，故答案为B。

4．Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was.(NMET)

A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realized

C.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize

析：由于Not until在句首，主句要采用部分倒装，这样先可排除B、C，又由于D不

应该用didnt,故A为正确答案。

5．Be quick! _____

A.The bus comes here B.The bus here comes

C.Here the bus comes D.Here comes the bus

析：用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作出现在倒装句中，所以此题答案为D。（＝The bus is coming here.）

6．On the wall _____ two large portraits. (NMET)

A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging

析：由于介词短语on the wall位于句首，全句要采用完全倒装式，因为主语是复数，所以正确答案为B。

虚拟语气、倒装句型专练

1. Little _____ about what others think.

A.he has cared B.he cares C.cared he D.does he care

2._____ got into the room _____ the telephone rang. (NMET)

A.He hardly had;then B.Hardly had he;when

C.He had not;than D.Not had he;when

3.Only by practising a few hours every day _____ be able to master the language.

(上海高考)

A．you can B.can you C.you will D.will you

4.If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it.

A.saw;would ask B.had seen;would have asked

C.had seen;would ask D.saw;would have asked

5.What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days?

A.is B.will be C.were D.would be

6._____ you succeed in everything and _____ you be healthy.

A.Hope;wish B.Wish;hope C.May;may D.Expect;hope

7.But for your help,I _____ the place.

A.cant find B.cant have found C.couldnt have found D.havent found

8.If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday,he _____ her from going.

A.had been;would have prevented B.had been;would prevent

C.were;would prevent D.were;would have prevented

9.If it had not been for the liberation,no changes _____ place in my hometown.

A.would have taken B.would have been taken C.will taken D.will be taken

10._____ late tommorrow,who would take her place?

A.Should Miss Green come B.If Miss Green would come

C.Miss Green should come D.If Miss Green comes

11._____ it _____,the crops _____ be saved.

A.Had;rained;could B.Should;rain;would

C.If;rains;should D.Would;rain;should

12.The actor is over fifty.But he acts as if he _____ a young man.

A.is B.will be C.should be D.were

13.It seems as if it ____ already summer now.

A.were B.be C.is D.had been

14.I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday.

A.saw B.could see C.had seen D.was seeing

15.I made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made.

A.stick to B.stuck to C.insist D.insisted on

16.It is suggested that a study plan _____ right now.

A.is made B.is to be made C.be made D.had been made

17.They required that we _____ them get in the crops.

A.help B.helped C.were helping D.would help

18.She should have attended the class,but she _____ .

A.hadnt B.hasnt C.didnt D.doesnt

19.It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library,which made the smokers unhappy.

A.is forbidden B.would permit C.be allowed D.should not be allowed

20.Not once _____ his view of life.

A.did the gentleman mention B.the gentleman mentioned

C.mentioned the gentleman D.does the gentleman mention

21.In the sun _____ a group of young soldiers,gun in hand.

A.did stand B.had stood C.standing D.stood

22. --You forgot to hand in your homework yesterday.

--Good heavens! _____.Here you are.

A.So I did B.So did I C.I did,too D.So you have

23._____ with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise.

A.Out did he rush B.Rushed he out C.Out rushed he D.Out he rushed

24.No sooner _____ finished the composition _____ the light went out.

A.I had;when B.I had;than C.had I;when D.had I;than

25.It was not until _____ to prepare his lessons.

A. did his father come in that the boy began

B. his father came in that the boy began

C. did his father come in did the boy begin

D. his father came in did the boy begin

26._____,so you are not a friend of mine.

A.I never saw you before B.Never before I have seen you

C.Never before have I seen you D.Never had I seen you before

27.--David has made great progress recently.

--_____,and _____. (上海高考)

A.So he has;so you have B.So he has;so have you

C.So has he;so have you D.So has he;so you have

28.Never _____ till tomorrow what may be done today.

A.put off B.do put off C.did you put off D.you will put off

29.--Have you written these letters?

--No,_____ time to do any other work yet.

A.hardly I have B.I have had hardly

C.I have hardly had D.I hardly have had

30._____ get such a pair of shoes for my son?

A.Where do you think can I B.Do you think where can I

C.Do you think where I can D.Where do you think I can

31.Then _____ that the enemy were gone.

A.the news came B.came the news C.did the news come D.did come the news

32.--What a beautiful bridge,_____?

--Yes,_____?

A.isnt it;isnt it B.is it;is it C.isnt it;it is D.is it;it isnt

33.Along the path _____,on which _____ “Keep off the Grass”.

A.stood some signs;were written B.stood some signs;wrote

C.some signs stood;were written D.some signs stood;wrote

34.He took a taxi so that he _____ there in time.

A.was able to be B.got C.could get D.should get

35.Id rather Tom _____ tomorrow.

A.come B.would come C.came D.will come

36.It is about time you ____ the medicine,sir.

A.will take B.should take C.must take D.are to take

37.If there _____ no electricity in the future,our life _____ change a lot.

A.will be;will B.is;will C.should be;would D.would be;would

38.Without the Communist Party there ____ New China.

A.hadnt been a B.is not a C.would be no D.was not a

39.There _____ a lot of deer in the forest.

A.have B.are C.is D.has

40.From space _____ like a huge water－covered globe(球体).

A.looks the earth B.does look the earth

C.the earth looks D.does the earth look

虚拟语气、倒装句型答案

1－5 D B D B C 6－10 C C A A A 11－15 B D A C A

16－20 C A C C A 21－25 D A D D B 26－30 C B A C D

31－35 B A A C C 36－40 B C C B C

责任编辑：李芳芳

2.虚拟语气学习心得 篇二

[关键词]虚拟语气；语法教学；总结归纳；有效学习

虚拟语气指的是，所描述的动作或状态与客观事实相反，表示说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。该语法既是高中英语语法学习中的重点，又是一大难点，太多的规则使学生记起来困难，用起来容易出错，很多学生经常对它的用法感到困惑，理解不透。 因为在我们汉语中没有虚拟语气这一概念，所以当高中学生遇到这一语法点时，他们往往因为没有母语作为参照，在理解时存在或多或少的问题。作为一位中学英语教教师，如何帮助学生巧妙地突破这一难点，更有效地学习虚拟语气呢？

笔者认为归纳总结法，可引导学生更好地构建虚拟语气知识体系。学习虚拟语气时，我们可以从两种不同的角度，把它划分为四个类型：常态虚拟语气（if虚拟语气）、含蓄虚拟语气、混合式虚拟语气和各种特例虚拟语气。也可以概括总结为四个方面：即在名词性从句，形容词性从句，状语从句以及简单句中的应用。现在笔者从这两种不同的角度对该语法的应用进行逐一论述：

一、虚拟语气的四种类型

（一）三种常态或基本态虚拟语气：条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

（二）混合式虚拟语气

A. 时间错综句：虚拟条件句中的从句与主句或上下文所表达的时间不一致。在这种情况下，就不可能照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间选择相应的虚拟形式。如：

①If I were you， I would have gone to the theater yesterday.

②If you had studied harder， you would pass the exam.

③If he had followed the doctor’s advice， he would be all right now.

④If I were you， I would have taken his advice.

⑤If he were here now， he would go there with us.

B. 虚实错综句：即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟）。 换句话说，条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间如果不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整：

① She would have made progress in English last year， but she didn’t study hard.

②He is thin and eats little， otherwise he would put on some weight.

（三）含蓄虚拟语气：含蓄虚拟语气是指没有if，但用介词短语或连词引出一个虚拟条件。如：

①But for your help， I couldn’t have finished my homework in time.

②Without water， we would die.

Without knowledge， we would be foolish.

③With better equipment， we could have done it better.

With much money， we would help the poor in the world.

④Tom would get good grades， but he doesn’t study hard.

⑤ He is kind， otherwise he wouldn’t have lent the book that day.

⑥Einstein had little care for money， though he could have been a very rich man.

⑦ You might come to our class to learn English.（含if you liked to）

（四）各种特例虚拟语气

⊙should家族：在英语中表示一份（坚持）insist， 二道（命令）order， command， 三点建议suggest， propose， advise，和四项要求 demand， ask ，require， request 时，名词性从句中一般要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词的变化形式为should+v/v.

A.由上类动词派生的常见名词有：advice、decision、demand、desire、order、 preference、proposal、recommendation、requirement、suggestion等。

B.相关的形容词或过去分词有：advisable、 desired、desirable）、insistent、ordered、preferable、proposed、required、urgent等。 例如：

①I advise that we stay and wait here.（宾语从句）

②It is advised that we stay here.（ 主语从句）

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③It is advisable that we stay here.（主语从句）

④My advice is that we stay here.（表语从句）

⑤I offered the advice that we stay here.（同位语从句）

二、虚拟语气用在四个方面

（一）在名词性从句中的应用： 在四类名词性从句中，该类谓语动词用should +v/v的虚拟语气形式。

（二）虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用

If he had seen you yesterday， he would have asked you about it.

（三）虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用

It’s （high） time （that） we did our homework.

（四）虚拟语气在简单句中的使用

A. It would be better for you not to stay up too late.

B. 在一些习惯表达中。例如： I would rather not tell you.

C.用“may + v”：May you be happy！

三、归纳虚拟标志，巧学虚拟语气

虚拟语气常常是由一些具有虚拟含义的词、短语或句子构成，它们可以变成是虚拟语气的标志，寻找句子中的虚拟标志，可以巧学虚拟语气。现将常见的虚拟标志总结如下：

以非真实if条件状语从句为虚拟语气标志

以even if/even though为虚拟标志

以as if/as though为虚拟标志的表语从句或方式状语从句

以wish引导的宾语从句为虚拟标志

以表示建议、坚持、命令和请求的四种名词性从句为虚拟标志

以or/otherwise， without， with， but for为含蓄虚拟标志

以It is （high） time that…句型为虚拟标志

以It is +adj/p.p/ that主语从句为虚拟标志

以if only…句型为虚拟标志

总之，语法是语言学习的一种总结，需要探究其规律。虚拟语气的学习要在理解的基础上，进行大量的练习，从而引导学生总结归纳，构建语法规则。

3.虚拟语气说课稿 篇三

一、说教材：（教学内容分析）

虚拟语气是高中英语学习的重点以及难点内容，掌握虚拟语气与客观事实相反的三种情况，即与过去，现在和将来相反的三种情况下，从句和主句动词的合适使用。虚拟语气的内容多，学生容易混淆，处理难度大。因而课本也用了较多内容进行讲解。本节选择了虚拟语气的两种句式if条件从句与wish宾语从句进行讲解。

虚拟语气，在高考中这几年出现的越来越频繁，几乎成了逢考必出的语法点。而学生的书面表达，若能用虚拟语气造一两个句子，显然能够提高写作的档次，所以，这个语法知识的练习总结也就显得很有必要了。

二、说学生:（学情分析)就学生而言，基础参差不齐。虚拟语气在平时的考试训练中一直都是他们感觉比较头疼的一个问题。大多学生基础薄弱，所以对于该语法知识的点我从最基础的着手，涉猎的点大都是常考点。

三、教学目标：

1.了解并掌握虚拟语气中与客观事实相反的基本用法，学会解决高考中的试题，能够将虚拟语气运用到生活当中。2.通过语法练习和语言实践练习，让学生构建一个完整的语法知识体系以便能够灵活所学到的知识，做到举一反三。

本节课的目的是想通过对虚拟语气专项的训练和总结，让学生能够真正掌握虚拟语气，以达到熟练做题，并在写作中运用的目的。

四、教学重点：

了解和掌握虚拟语气语法项目和基本原则。

重点句式：

（1）if 引导的条件从句的虚拟语气；

（2）wish/as if /if only 后面宾语从句的虚拟用法；

五、教学难点：

能运用虚拟语气去完成试题练习并能运用到情景对话当中

六、说教学模式： 教法采用的是任务型教学法。结合学生的自主学习，合作探究，利用1T4P教学模式，把各个任务由易到难分解到4个环节中 在各项任务的设计方面尽可能的简化，但是也有个别难点需要满足部分优秀学生的需要。

七、说教学设计： Step 1: Presentation 在Preparation环节，我通过展示几幅图片来引出几个使用虚拟语气的情景：我要是拥有很多线，我会买一栋别墅。他要是开车小心点，昨天就不会出车祸了。我要是明天能见到姚明，我要向他索要签名。图图希望每天都是他的生日。和现在相反的虚拟，和过去相反的虚拟，和将来相反的虚拟，以及在宾语从句中的虚拟一一点出，让学生去感知虚拟语气的概念，了解虚拟语气的使用。

Step 2: Presentation 在这个环节设计了五个任务：虚拟语气在各种不同情境下的时态，混合型虚拟的使用，含蓄条件句中的虚拟，虚拟语气的省略倒装和虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用。后四个都是常考的重点，虚拟语气的省略倒装和在名词性从句中的使用是难点。

在整个教学过程中，对于学生的学习活动前三个安排的都是自主学习，问题设计的也不难，旨在通过学生对语法知识的复习来巩固他们以前所学的知识并进一步强化。对于虚拟语气的省略设计的是同桌合作，小范围的探究解决问题。而对于虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用则是分组讨论总结，以求达到夯实语言基础的目的。

Step3: Practice Practice环节是在近几年的高考试题中选取了十道和虚拟语气相关的单选题，让学生去感知这个只是点在高考中的出题方向，并能在掌握知识后正确的做题来树立自信心。这一部分他们独立完成后核对答案并提出问题，如果有必要，我会为他们对本节知识做进一步的总结和补充。

Step4: Production 第四个环节，即production环节，我设计了七道纠错题，这些错误也是学生在平时的写作中常出现的问题，虚拟语气在书面表达中具有举足轻重的地位，所以，让学生学会运用虚拟语气写出一些高质量的句子，我认为很有必要。Homework: 对于作业布置，一是让学生再次认真复习学案上列出的有关虚拟语气的知识点，而是给他们提供了三个汉语句子让他们翻译，让他们再次感知虚拟语气语法在句子中使用的奥妙。

七、设计理念及反思： 1.理念

本节课开始向学生讲解英语语法中有关虚拟语气的内容。虚拟语气是英语学习中的重点内容，也是高考所要考查的重点内容。但由于其内容过多而且复杂，不利于被学生掌握。如果讲解内容过多将不利于学生对其掌握。所以本节只讲述虚拟语气中最基本的情况，这样既有利于学生理解与记忆，还可以在后边的学习中进行类比。

由于学生在英语方面学得一般，因此课堂教学过程中要注意与学生互动，充分调动他们的积极性。多添加讨论活动，让他们在讨论中加深对知识的理解。同时，情景对话也是非常必要的，让他运用所学的知识去与别人沟通，将更有利于教学。

2.反思

4.英文语法杂谈：虚拟语气 篇四

虚拟语气的相关语法(Subjunctive Mood)

如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的`呢?

1. I wish I were a bird.

2. We request that you be here tomorrow.

也许你会说：“哈哈，第一句的I were 错了，应该是I was;而第二句中的you be是什么东东呀?不是you are, 也不是you will be, 什么you be?!”

其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译为“假设语气”，虽不很贴切;但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点，Subjunctive Mood中文译作“虚拟语气”，似乎不及“假设语气”那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。

基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)两种;但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态(Past Tense)是有所不同的。

一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)

虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he, she, it)也是如此。如：

1.1 现在时态(Simple Present)

I work ---- I work

you work ---- you work

he works ---- he work (注意到了吗，是work，不是works)

she works ---- she work (不是she works 喔)

it works ---- it work (同样不是it works 喔)

we work ---- we work

they work ---- they work

1.2 现在进行时态(Present Continuous)

I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是be，怪怪的!)

you are working ---- you be working

he is working ---- he be working

she is working ---- she be working

it is working ---- it be working

we are working ---- we be working

they are woring ---- they be working

1.3 现在完成时态(Present Perfect)

I have worked ---- I have worked

you have worked ---- you have worked

he has worked ----- he have worked (用的还是have喔)

she has worked ---- she have worked

it has worked ---- it have worked

we have worked ---- we have worked

they have worked ---- they have worked

1.4 现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous)

I have been working ---- I have been working

you have been working ---- you have been working

he has been working ---- he have been working (是he have, 不是he has )

5.了解虚拟语气 篇五

在英语语法中，虚拟语气是十分重要的一个部分。虚拟语气是动词的变化形式在特殊语境下的一种应用，通常表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测和建议等含义，这些愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测和建议等一般不是客观存在的事实。下面举几个例子说明：

If I were you, I’d take them away.（如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。）

If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.（如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉他了。）

If I had time， I could come to help you.（如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。）

以上三个句子用虚拟语气叙述了在假定的条件下发生的事情。

He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.（他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。）

这个句子用虚拟语气表达了一种建议。

He speaks to us as if he had been there.（他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。）

这个句子则表达了说话人怀疑的态度。

二、 虚拟语气的用法

虚拟语气的用法主要在以下四个方面有集中表现，很具有代表性：

1. 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿、命令。

虚拟语气用在简单句中通常表示两种含义，一种是表示衷心的祝愿，比如以下几句话：

May you be happy！ （祝你幸福！）

May you have a good time. （祝你玩得痛快。）

May the friendship between us last long. （祝愿我们的友谊天长地久。）

Have a good journey! （祝愿你旅途愉快！）

虚拟语气在简单句中的另一种含义是表示命令的语气，比如：

You go out！ （你出去！）

2. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中，表示一种愿望、要求。

在一些宾语从句中，如动词 wish、 suggest、order、insist、propose等词后面的宾语从句所表示的就是一种虚拟语气，这些宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。例如：

I wish she would be on my side. （我希望她能站在我一边。）

I wish I could help him. (我希望我能帮助他。)

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. (他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。)

需要指出的是动词 demand、suggest、 order、 insist、 propose 后面的从句中，“should”可以省略。

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. (老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。)

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. （他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。）

3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。

虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用主要体现在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ... ”中。在这个句型中，that 后面从句中的谓语动词采用“should + 动词原形”形式，这也是一种虚拟语气。

It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. （我们有必要出去散散步。）

It’s natural that she should do so. （她这样做是很自然的。）

It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. （重要的是我们要照顾好病人。）

4. 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。

虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用最多地用在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,通常表示与事实相反的虚拟语气，这种情况下，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。

(1) 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气： If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式；If I (he,she) were ... I (we) should + 动词原形；He (you,they) would + 动词原形。

(2) 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气： If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we) should + have+ 过去分词；He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。

If I were you, I should buy it. （如果我是你，我就买了它。）

If I had time, I would study French. （如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。）

If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. （如果她懂英语的话，就不会找我帮忙的。）

If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. （如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。）

If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. （如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。）

三、 有关虚拟语气的几个问题

1. 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。

Were she younger, she would do it. (如果她年轻点，她就会干的。)

Had he known her address, he would have gone to visit her. (如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。)

2. 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。

I could help you. (我本来可以帮助你。)

If I had time. (我要有时间该多好啊！)

She should have come to the party. (她应该来参加聚会。)

If he had much more money. (如果他有更多的钱就能……)

3. 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.（如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。）

6.雅思虚拟语气的写作技巧 篇六

在雅思写作中会经常用到的几个雅思写作虚拟语气句型。

1.If sb had done sth, sb would never have done sth.

如果某人过去做了某事，那么他永远不可能做某事

If Hugh Miller, after toiling all day in quarry , had devoted his evenings to rest and recreation, he would never have become a famous geologist.

2.Sb would never have done sth , never have done sth , if sb had done sth

某人永远不可能做某事， 永远不可能做某事， 如果某人过去做了某件坏事

The celebrated mathematician, Edmund Stone, would never have published a mathematical dictionary, never have found the key to science of mathematics, if he had given his spare moments to idleness.

3.Had sb done sth ， sb would never have done sth

如果某人过去做了某件坏事，而不是去做某件好事，那么他永远不可能做某事

7.主语从句中的虚拟语气 篇七

这一类型主要包括It is(was)important(necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that...句型。如：

It is impossible that he should go home.他不可能会回家去。

It is necessary that I should return it right now.我有必要马上把它还回去。

It is important that we should speah politely.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist.没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。It is imperative that we should practise critidsm and self-criticism.应当进行批评与自我批评。

二、It’s a pity…类

It is a pity that she should fare so badly.她竟吃得这么差，真可怜。

It’s a pity that he should be so obstinate.真遗憾他竟这样倔犟。

It was a pity that you couldn’t come.你不能来，真是太遗憾了。

It is a pity that she failed the driving examination.她没通过驾驶考试真是遗憾。

It is his desire that a medical man should stay here.他希望有一个医务人员留在这里。

三、It’s desired…类

这种主语从句还常用在It is(was)desired(suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc.)that...句型。如：

It is requested that a vote be taken.建议付诸表决。

It is settled that you leave us, then? 那么你肯定要离开我们罗?

It was proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting.有人提议这事下次会议再讨论。

It is desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staff.希望这条规则引起全体职员的注意。

【特别说明】

(1)在现代英语中，有时也可不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气，但初学者宜慎用。

(2)在It is amazing(strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及 I am surprised(sorry)和I regret等结构后的that 从句中有时也用should，表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意：

It’s strange that he should be so rude.他竟如此无礼，真是奇怪。

I’m surprised that he should have failed.他竟然失败了，这使我很吃惊。

若不用虚拟语气也可以，则不带感情 色彩，比较：

It’s a pity that he failed the exam.他考试没及格，真是遗憾。

8.时态和虚拟语气 篇八

1. Remember to e-mail me as soon as you_________(finish) your task.

2. Our geography teacher pointed to the globe, saying the earth_______(travel) around the sun.

3. Skateboarding is a sport where you_______(balance) yourself. It_______(become) more and more popular with children.

4. As is known to all , the Olympic Games_______ (hold) every four years.

5. You can’t use the meeting room. The workers _______(decorate) it.

6. Zhao Benshan is beginning to recover. It won’t be long before he_______(return) to normal.

7. It’s a pity that you have missed the lecture. You_______ (always get) up late.

8. My mother_______ (develop) a good habit of running. She is much healthier than before.

9. People_______(talk) about the best actress Yan Ni recently.

10. This joke_______(tell) for many times. I’m not interested in it at all.

11. The Blacks_______(live) in Britain for 20 years. Now they live in Shanghai.

12. There used to be a forest here. It_______(disappear) when you were born.

13. Our grandfather feels lonely after retirement. He_______ (sit) in the sofa hour after hour looking out of the window.

14. Jack, your mother_______ (wait) for you at the gate at 11:50 tomorrow morning.

15. If you_______(stay) in Beijing during the National Day, you would have had a wonderful time.

16._______ I_______(fail) my driving test, I would take it again next month.

17. But for your help in time, we_______ (not arrive) home safe and sound.

18._______you_______(not follow) my advice, you would have been defeated in the game.

19. He told me with sympathy that I failed in the competition. I would rather he_______ (not tell) me about it.

20. You were careless in the examination, otherwise you_______ (achieve) your goal.

二、 单选题

21. The National Day Parade_______ on Oct 1st to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.

A. was heldB. hold

C. heldD. had been held

22. —Your English is very good!

—Thanks. I_______ English in a foreign language school for three years.

A. studiedB. study

C. was studyingD. had studied

23. —Our workmate Bob is leaving for Canada.

—Oh, really? I_______ know. I_______ see him off.

A. didn’t; am going toB. don’t; would

C. don’t; willD. didn’t; will

24. —Hi, Zhang Hua, can I use your car for a while?

—I’m Sorry. It_______.

A. is washedB. has been washed

C. is being washedD. had been washed

25. His sister_______ as an accountant in Britain for 6 years. She is working as a director in a travel agency now.

A. has servedB. had served

C. servedD. has been served

26. —How long_______ you_______ each other?

—For only three months.

A. have; been knowingB. had; known

C. did; knowD. have; known

27. My grandfather_______ the door for nearly 2 hours. It won’t be long before he finishes it.

A. has paintedB. painted

C. has been paintingD. had painted

28. Zhou Ling, Amy_______ for you at the school meeting room at seven tomorrow morning.

A. will waitB. will be waiting

C. will have waitedD. has been waiting

29. She looked at me for a long time, wondering where she_______ me.

A. metB. has met

C. meetsD. had met

30. The weather report says that it_______ when we arrive in Washington.

A. will be snowingB. will snow

C. had snowedD. has snowed

31. Shut your mouth! You_______ in class!

A. always talkB. are always talking

C. were always talkingD. always talked

32. His grandparents_______ in Nanjing. They have never moved anywhere else since they were born here.

A. liveB. lived

C. were livingD. will live

33. —Did you see the traffic accident happening at the crossing?

—Yes, I_______ so serious an accident for a long time.

A. didn’t seeB. wouldn’t see

C. haven’t seenD. hadn’t seen

34. If they accept the terms, so_______ we.

A. doB. are

C. willD. be

35. Look! There are lots of dark clouds over there. It_______.

A. will rainB. is to rain

C. is going to rainD. rains

36. My head teacher speaks to me as if he_______ my father.

A. isB. was

C. wereD. has been

37. There is an urgent meeting this afternoon. I’d rather you_______ it on time.

A. attendB. will attend

C. attendedD. had attended

38. —If Mr. Smith_______ good care of, he_______ that medicine.

—Fortunately, he was sent to the hospital without delay.

A. was taken; would not take

B. had been taken; would not have taken

C. would be taken; had not taken

D. would have been taken; had not taken

39._______ the clouds, you would find the airplane more clearly in the sky.

A. Were it not for

B. If it had not been for

C. If it were not

D. Had it not been for

40._________, we would have missed the military review.

A. Had we not got up earlier

B. Hadn’t we got up earlier

C. If we didn’t get up earlier

D. If we shouldn’t get up earlier

答案与解析

1. as soon as引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 此处使用finish虽然是一般现在时形式, 但是表示将要完成。

2. travels

3. balance, is becoming

4. “奥运会每四年举办一次”表示的是一个经常性有规律的事件, 所以用一般现在时, 另外本题要注意被动关系。所以用are held。

5. 上文语境“你不能使用会议室”, 说明“工人正在装饰”, 所以用现在进行时形式“are decorating”。

6. returns

7. always get用于进行时表示说话人“高兴”或者“厌烦”的情感。上句“It’s a pity that you have missed the lecture”,暗示下一句表达说话人说的“你总是迟到”是一种不耐烦的情绪。所以使用are always getting。

8. has developed 现在完成时可以表示过去的动作对现在的影响。“She is much healthier than before”是“妈妈养成了跑步好习惯”的影响。

9. have been talking

10. has been told

11. lived 我们容易受句子中时间状语“for 20 years”的影响而使用现在完成时。本题要注意下文的语境“现在他们住在上海”, 和上文“布莱克一家住在上海二十年”没有因果联系, 所以“住在上海二十年”仅仅是过去发生的动作。

12. had disappeared

13. will sit will可以表示一种习惯、习性、倾向, 意思是“常常、常会”。 本句的意思是“爷爷退休后感觉孤单, 他常会坐在沙发上好几个小时看着窗外”。

14. will be waiting

15. had stayed 本题是一个虚拟语气。主句中的“would have had”说明了是对过去发生的事情的假设, 在if条件句中表示对过去的假设要使用过去完成时。

16. Were, to fail或者Should, fail 本题考查了两个内容:if条件虚拟句中的时态; if条件虚拟句中省略if构成倒装。根据“I would take it again next month.”可以知道是对将来的虚拟假设, 所以条件句中表示对将来的假设可以用“If I were to fail my driving test”或者“If I should fail my driving test”。省略if以后把were提前或者把should提前。