as的用法小结

2025-02-25

as的用法小结(共12篇)(共12篇)

1.as的用法小结 篇一

as…as 结构用法详解

其基本意思为“与…一样”,其中的第一个as为副词,其后通常接形容词或副词(用原级),第二个as可用作介词(后接名词或代词)或连词(后接从句)。使用时应注意以下几点。如:

(1) 在否定句中,第一个 as 也可换成 so。如:

He doesn’t study as [so] hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。

(2) 在该结构的两个as之间通常接形容词或副词的原级,但若涉及数量或程度,可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“as many+复数名词+as”。如:

You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。

I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。

其间接形容词时,有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词,但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)。如:

She is as good a teacher as her mother. 她和她妈妈一样是位好老师。

也可说。如:She is a teacher as good as her mother.

但不说。如:She is as a good teacher as her mother. / They are as good teachers as us.

(3) 第二个as后接从句时,该as通常为连词,但有时这个as还充当其后从句的主语或宾语,此时该as实为关系代词。如:

I gave him as much as he could eat. 他能吃多少,我就给了他多少。

We’ve got food for as many people as want it. 我们的食物,无论多少人吃都够了。

(4) 该结构根据情况可用使用以下修饰语。如:(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent等,并且这些修饰语必须置于第一个as之前,而不能置于其后。如:

He doesn’t play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。

This dress is twice as expensive as that. 这件连衣裙比那件贵一倍。

(5) 若第二个as引导一个表示将来意义的从句,则该从句可用现在时表示将来,也可直接使用将来时态。如:

We’ll get there as soon as you do [will]. 你一到,我们就到。

(6) 在非正式场合(尤其是美国英语中),有时可以省略第一个as。如:

When over forty, he married a woman poor as himself. 他在40多岁时娶了一个像他本人一样穷的女人。

另外,若意思明确,有时可省略第二个as及其后的相关词语。如:

The radios in that shop will be cheaper, but not as good. 那家商店的收音机会便宜些,但质量没那么好。

2.as的用法小结 篇二

关键词:名词性从句,定语从句,as的用法,比较分析

名词性从句和定语从句是英语语法学习的重点和难点, 很多学者对它们分别做过研究, 例如“WH-从句作为小句——兼论小句的语段性质” (满在江2011, 5:24) 是从Chomsky的转换生成理论研究名词性从句;“翻译教学的事件分析途径——定语从句的翻译” (邓跃平, 2011, 8:35) 从认知—功能视角研究限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句;“英语定语从句译法补遗之补遗” (曹明伦, 2011, 3:83) 从语篇翻译角度把定语从句归纳成五类, 提出了相应的翻译原则。

一些美国学者也认为定语从句 (亦称关系从句) 对于英语学习者来说较难学习, 因此在亚利桑那州立大学面向英语初学者开设的“美国英语和文化课程”中, 教材Basic English Grammar (Azar, 1995) 里不包括关系从句。

大学英语四级考试和大学英语六级考试的“汉译英”这项试题始终是考生失分较多的地方。几乎在每次考试, 该项考题都有需要被翻译成定语从句或名词性从句的汉语原文, 而这正是考试的难点之一, 考生容易出错。“As”一词也是难点, 在一次测验中, 笔者要求学生用“as”翻译句子里的五个短语, 结果三个班的学生 (共计约180人) 平均得分不到60分, 由此可见, 我们有必要探讨一下, 是否可以用较简洁易懂的方式给学生讲解清楚这些语言点。

1 名词性从句

首先, 我们要弄清楚两个语法词汇, 即“句子”和“从句”。完整的句子 (指包含主谓宾的句子) 包括陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。从句源于句子, 地位比句子低了一个层次, 只能作主句的一个成分。名词性从句是指具有名词性质的从句, 换句话说, 名词能作何种成分, 名词性从句就能作何种成分, 比如名词可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语, 那么把名词性从句放在这些成分的位置, 就构成了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。句子变成从句, 原来的形式需要一些改动:陈述句需要在它的前面加个“that”;一般疑问句需要变回陈述句, 再在其前面加个“whether”;特殊疑问句疑问词不变, 后面的句子变成陈述语序。

主语从句顾名思义是把名词性从句放在主语的位置作主语, 但由于“英语在组织句子信息时强烈偏好句尾重 (endweight) ” (Yule, 2002:257) , 所以我们需要变动一下语序。例如:

A:It is hard to understand.

B:What?

A:He can’t support himself.

B:Oh, I see.That he can’t support himself is hard to understand for you.*

恰当的英语表达应该是把主语从句放在句子后面, 用形式主语it占主语的位置, 原句变成:It is hard for you to understand that he can’t support himself.

2 定语从句

定语从句 (亦称关系从句) , 是指从句作定语, 用来修饰名词 (先行词) 、部分句子或整个句子 (先行项) 。该从句由关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose和关系副词where, when, why和how加上缺一个成分的句子构成。关系代词在定语从句中作代词能作的成分, 例如主语、宾语、定语或表语, 关系副词在定语从句中作副词能作的成分, 例如时间状语、地点状语、原因状语或方式状语。关系代词和关系副词中“关系”一词的含义是指它们与被修饰成分 (先行词) 有关系, 通过它们的关系或联系, 先行词可以在该定语从句中取代该关系代词或关系副词所作的成分。这样就容易理解含有定语从句的长句子了, 这也是英译汉的方法之一。

3 对比分析名词性从句与定语从句

从上文我们可以看出名词性从句本身是完整的句子, 不缺任何成分, 是陈述语序, 在主句中作名词能作的成分;定语从句是关系代词或关系副词加上一个缺一个成分的句子, 在主句中作定语, 前面有一个先行词或先行句。

举例说明:

Can you answer my question who your friend is?

I like the girl who is her sister.

1) 句划线部分是陈述语序的特殊疑问句, 作“question”的同位语, 因此是名词性从句中的同位语从句。

2) 句划线部分不是陈述语序的特殊疑问句, 前面有个名词“the girl”, 因此它是修饰该先行词的定语从句。

对比图如表1所示。

需补充一点, what一词较特殊, 它作关系代词时, 是“先行词和关系代词的结合体” (张道真, 2008:283) , 因此可以看作“先行词加that”的集合体, 后面加上缺少一个代词能作的成分的句子, 引出定语从句时, what前面就没有先行词了。例如:

I don’t know what your trouble is.

What worries me is that you can’t speak English well.

从以上例句我们可以看出, what作为关系代词引出的句子不像定语从句, 因为它身兼二职, 前面没有名词作先行词, 没起到作定语修饰名词的作用, 倒起到了名词的作用, 如在例句3) 里作宾语;在例句4) 里作主语, 因此有一些语法学家认为what引出的从句是名词性从句。但是张道真认为, 关系代词what引出的是定语从句或称关系从句。笔者认为, 这是给一种特殊词汇用法起了两个名称, 没有必要深究, 该文依然按照张道真的观点论述。

4“As”的用法

As作连词的一个意思是“由于”, 该文不在此赘述。根据2005年出版的《牛津现代英汉双解词典》里的解释, as可以作关系代词, “相当于that, who, which”, 例如:

5) He lost, as you know.

6) He is a writer, as is his wife.

张道真对as做了较全面地研究:“As作为关系代词, 只能用在限制性关系从句中, 只能用在such, same, as或so后面, 不能用作所有格” (张道真, 2008:282) .

7) Such a student as works hard will succeed. (张道真, 2008:282)

8) The same accident as happened to you, had happened to me. (张道真, 2008:282)

9) As many children as come will be admitted. (张道真, 2008:282)

As也可引出非限制性定语从句, 修饰前面部分句子或整个句子, 例如:

10) I advised my brother, as was my duty. (张道真, 2008:288)

11) He became crazy, as many could see. (张道真, 2008:288)

12) As has happened many times, children may get drowned in this river. (张道真, 2008:288)

13) The result, as may be expected, is poor. (张道真, 2008:288)

As引出的关系从句的谓语动词是be动词时, be动词可以省略, 例如:

14) The results as proclaimed in today’s newspapers are encouraging. (张道真, 2008:551)

15) His ability as displayed during the last three months was inadequate. (张道真, 2008:551)

16) I will tell you a story as told by my mother. (张道真, 2008:551)

As引出的关系从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词相同时, 关系从句可以省略谓语动词, 例如:

17) I had the same trouble as you.

从以上例句我们可以看出, as学起来确实不容易, 这个难度不单纯源于as复杂多样的用法, 更是由于词典对as的理解有些偏差。《牛津现代英汉双解词典》解释as是关系代词, 相当于“that, who, which”。然而, 笔者认为, as一词不能换成“that, who, which”, 因为as含有“像……”的意思, 而“that, who, which”不能表示“像……”的意思。此外, 如果as是关系代词, 引出定语从句, 那么定语从句应该修饰先行词, 先行词, 顾名思义, 是走在前面的词, 而定语从句则跟在它的后面, 但as引出的从句不都是跟在主句后面的。

因此笔者想出了一个较大胆的理解方法:as作关系代词时, 我们不妨把它理解成“like what”或“like+某人+who”, “like”在这里作介词, 表示“像”, 而as引出的从句可以理解成介词like加what引出的关系从句或like加某人加who引出的关系从句, 因此as及其引出的从句整体上可以看成介宾短语, 作主句的状语。

举例说明:

6) He is a writer, as is his wife.理解为:He is a writer, like the person who is his wife.

译文:他是一位作家, 正如他的妻子。

如果将“as”理解为“who”或“which”, 整句话就成了, “He is a writer, who is his wife.”或“He is a writer, which is his wife.”这些句子显然不合常理。

12) As has happened many times, children may get drowned in this river.理解为:Like what has happened many times, children may get drowned in this river.

译文:像这样的事已发生多次, 在这条河里, 儿童易溺水身亡。

13) The result, as may be expected, is poor.理解为:The result, like what may be expected, is poor.

译文:正如人们预料的那样, 结果很差。

15) His ability as displayed during the last three months was inadequate.理解为:His ability, like what was displayed during the last three months, was inadequate.

译文:像他在过去三个月所表现出的那种能力是不够的。

20) Canadian law requires that the Nexen deal must be submitted for review by Industry Canada under the terms of the Canada Investment Act, as is the case for all large foreign investments in the country. (Global Times, 2012, 9, 13:14)

译文:加拿大法律规定, 根据加拿大投资法案的条约, 尼克森交易必须提交加拿大工业协会审议, 正如对待所有在加拿大做大笔投资的公司一样。”

As一词有“像……”的含义, 表示“如同……一样的 (另一个) ……”;that, who, which则表示与先行词是“同一个……”, 例如:

17) I had the same trouble as you.理解为:I had the same trouble like what you had.

译文:我曾经遇到和你一样的麻烦。

18) This is the same watch as I lost. (It is not mine.) (张道真, 2008:282)

理解为:This is the same watch like what I lost.

译文:这块表像我曾经丢的那块表。

19) This is the same watch that I lost. (It is mine.) (张道真, 2008:282)

译文:这块表是我曾经丢的那块表。

每个词语的创造和存在都有它的独特的原因和意义, 如果as可以与“which, that, who”互换, 那么as还有何存在价值?通过以上诸多例句, 我们可以看到, as一词被词典解释为关系代词的这条用法可以表示“像什么那样”或“像某某那样”, 与“like what”或“like加某人加who”的意思和用法相同, 因此在理解句子意思时, 当as指某事或某物时, 可以用“like what”代替as;当as指某人时, 可以用“like加某人加who”代替as。这样理解, 就避免了将as等同于which, who或that所造成的语义理解偏差, 从而有助于英语学习者去准确理解进而正确运用。

参考文献

[1]Azar B S.Basic English Grammar[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall Regents, 1993:3.

[2]Brown, Douglas.Investment Troubles[N].Global Times, 2012, 9 (13) :14.

[3]Yule, George.Explaining English Grammar[M].Shanghai:Shang hai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002:257.

[4]曹明伦.英语定语从句译法补译之补译[J].西安外国语大学学报, 2011 (3) :83.

[5]邓跃平.翻译教学的事件分析途径——定语从句的翻译[J].中国科技翻译, 2011 (8) :35.

[6]满在江.WH-从句作为小句——兼论小句的语段性质[J].山东外语教学, 2011 (5) :24-29.

3.定语从句as的用法课件 篇三

as作连词,常用来连接主句和状语从句。

1.引导时间状语从句,作“当...的时候”解,有“随着...”之意,与while意义相近,强调两个动作同时发生;或某事一发生,另一事立即发生。eg:

He shouted aloud as her ran along.他一边往前跑,一边高声地呼喊。

I was startled as he opened the door.他一开门,我吓了一跳。

as作连词,相当于when。eg;

As a little boy (When he was a little boy)he began to learn to play piano.他小时候就开始学弹钢琴。

2.引导原因状语从句,作“因为,由于”解,与because的用法相近。eg;

I must stop writing now,as I have rather a lot of work to do.我必须停笔了,因为我还有许多工作要做。

3.引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句,作“正如,(如)像”解。例eg:

As in your country,we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.正如(像)你们国家一样,我们在北方种小麦,在南方种大米。(方式状语从句)

When at Rome,do as Romans do.入乡随俗。(方式状语从句)

4.引导让步状语从句,作“虽然,尽管”解。这时从句常用倒装语序,即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。eg;

Strange as it may seem,it is true.尽管这事看上去很奇怪,但却是真的。

Try as he might,Tom could not get out of the difficulties.不管怎样努力,汤姆还是摆脱不了困境。

4.As 用法专练 篇四

A. much as an art as   B. as much an art as   C.an art as much as    D.as much as an art

2. _____ I admire David as a poet,I don’t like him as a man.

A.Only if    B.If only     C. As much     D.Much as

3. ____ ,he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class.

A.A quiet student as he may be      B.Quiet student as he may be

C.Quiet as he may be a student      D.As he may be a quiet student

4.I wonder why you don’t do it as ____ and it’s the third time you have done so.

A.told you    B. be told      C. told to     D. you told

5.( 1) ___I explain on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting.

(2)____ I explain on the phone is that your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A. What     B.When     C.After     D. As

6.(1)That is ____ problem____can’t be worked out by anyof us .

(2)That is ____problem____none of us can work it out.

A.a such difficult , that      B.so difficult a ,that

C.such a difficult, as        D.a so difficult ,as

7.There were not so many jobs available ____ were asked for.

A. that      B. which      C. what     D. as

8.____ time went on,Einstine’theory_____ right.

A. With, proved     B As, be proved     C.With, be proved      D. As, proved

5.as_if_用法归纳 篇五

1. as if 从句的作用

as if一般可由as though来代替。可在look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句。如:

He looked as if / though he was ill.他看起来好像生病了。

It seems as if it is going to rain.看来好像要下雨了。

它还可引导方式状语从句。如:

I remember the whole thing as if / though it happened yesterday.我记得整个事情,就好像它是发生在昨天一样。

The child talked to us as if he were a grown?鄄up.那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。

2. as if 从句的语气及时态

① 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,as if从句用陈述语气。如: It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像在下雨。

He talks as if he is drunk.从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。

② 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时,as if从句用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去式。如:

You look as if you didn’t care.你看上去好像并不在乎。

He talked as if he knew what had happened.他说话的样子,好像他知道发生了什么事情。

表示与过去或与谈话时间为止发生的事实相反,谓语动词用“had +过去分词”。如:

He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.他说起长城来好像他以前去过那里。

The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.那女孩倾听着,一动也不动,像已经变成了石头。

表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would / could / might + 动词原形”。如:

He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。

It looks as if it might snow.看来好像要下雪了。

3. as if从句中的省略

如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词等成份,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)或动词-ing形式等。

He acts as if(he was)a fool.他做事像个傻子。

He paused as if(he was going)to let the sad memory pass.他停了下来,就好像要把悲伤的记忆抹去。

The girl left the room hurriedly as if(she was)angry.女孩匆忙离开房间,好像生气的样子。

6.it用法小结 篇六

1.it代替婴儿或年幼的小孩。

eg.Who's that baby?It's me.那婴儿是谁?是我。

2.it 代替上文的单数名词。

eg.This is my book.I got it just now.这是我的书, 我刚才买的。

3.it 表示不知雌雄的动物。

eg.Look at the bird.It’s always coming my window.看这只鸟, 它总是来到我的窗前。

4.前面的 it 在强调式中做形式主语, It is (was) +强调部分+that ( who) .后面 it 意为“这件事”。

eg.It was she who did it.就是他做的这件事.

It is the farm that we visited last week.上周我们参观的就是这个农场。

5.it习惯用于打电话或敲门时, 即用于“只听其声而不见其人”时, 表示“你, 我”。

eg:Who's it It's Tom.你是谁?我是汤姆。

=Who's that?This is Tom.

6.it 表示天气。

eg.It's hot today, We shan't go there.今天太热了, 我们不去那里了。

It's getting colder and colder.天变得越来越冷了。

7.it 表示星期。

eg.What day is (it) today.It's Sunday.今天是星期几?星期日。

8.it表示日期, 即几月几日。

eg, What's the date today?It is January lst.今天是几号?一月一日。

9.it 表示物体的“长 (long) , 宽 (wide) , 高 (tall/high) , 深 (deep) , 远 (away) , 重 (heavy) ”等。

eg.How long is it?It's five metres long.它有多长?有5米长。

10.it 表示时间。

eg.What time is it?It's six o'clock.几点啦?六点。

11.it表示距离。

eg.How far is it from here? It’s 50 kilometres (away) .从这有多远的路 50公里。

12.It is+时间+since+主语+过去时, it 表示时间。

eg.It is three years since I saw him.三年没看见他了。

=I haven't seen him for three years.

13.it 作不定式的形式主语.

eg.It isn't easy to learn English well.学好外语不容易。

It is too difficult to do this。做这个太难。

14.it 用在花费句型中, 其结构:

It+takes (took) +sb+一段时间/金钱+to do sth.花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事。

eg.It took me two months to finish the work.

15.it 作动词不定式的形式宾语, 常用于 believe, think, find 等动词后, 表达形式, 即“主语+谓语动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”

eg, We found it easy (difficult) to learn English.我们发现学英语很容易 (难) 。

16.it 表示人们心目中共知的事物。

eg.Doesn't it matter if he can't finish the job on time.

17.用于一些固定句型中。

(1) .It's time (for sb) +to do sth.

(2) .It’s time for+sth

(3) .It's very kind of sb.

巩固练习:

1.The book it not mine.I borrowed______ from library.

A.that B.it C.this D.him

2.I don't think______necessary for you to worry too much about your son.

A.those B.that C.it D.this

3.______ appears that the nurse is too tired.

A.It B.She C.This D.That

4.Is ______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?

A.now B.man c.that D.it

5. ______in his small room that he wrote the great novel.

A.He is B.that was C.he was D.It was

6.______time for class.

A.This is B.It's C.That's D.What's

7. ______her young sister______she teaches English every Sunday evening.

A.It is, who B.That is, that C.It is, whom D.It is, that

8.Do you feel______ useful______ retell the text in our own words?

A.That, to B.it that C.that’s, to D.it, to

Key: 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 D 6 B 7C 8 D

注释:3 A, it 做形式主语, 真正主语是 that 引导的从句。

5 D, 这是强调句型, 被强调部分 in his small room.

7.as的用法小结 篇七

with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。

一、with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二

部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。

With结构构成方式如下:

1.with或without-名词/代词+形容词;

2.with或without-名词/代词+副词;

3.with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;

4.with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式;

5.with或without-名词/代词 +分词。

下面分别举例:

1、She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)

2、With the meal over,we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。)The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语)He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)

5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语)Without anything left in the cupboard,she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)

二、with结构的用法

在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如:

1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with结构的特点

1.with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.)She fell asleep with the light burning.→(The light was burning.)With her hair gone,there could be no use for them.→(Her hair was gone.)

2.在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如: He could not finish it without me to help him.四、几点说明:

1.with结构在句子中的位置: with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在 句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。

2.with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别: 在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。

例如: With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路)

With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)

He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)

3.with结构与一般的with短语的区别: with结构具有上述功能和特点,而“介词with+名词或代词(组)”组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

4.with结构与独立主格结构的关系: with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。

独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。例如:

There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(“with+复合宾语”结构,在句中作定语)

A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语)

The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语)

Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况)board,she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)

with复合结构专项练习

(一)1.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.A.finished

B.finishing C.having finished

D.was finished

2.Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ________? A.taking

B.Take

C.taken

D.to take

3.You have no idea how she finished the relay race _______ her foot wounded so much.A.for

B.when

C.with

D.while

4.----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.----Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.A.filled

B.filling C.to fill

D.being filled

5.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.(2007安徽)A.finished

B.finishing C.having finished

D.was finished

6.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.(2005 北京)

A.going on

B.goes on

C.went on

D.to go on

7._______ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.(2005江西)

A.Having given up hope of cure

B.With no hope for cure C.There being hope for cure

D.In the hope of cure

8.________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)

A.With

B.Besides C.As for

D/ Because of

9.It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished.(2004 福建)A.for

B.with C.from

D.of

10.______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(2000 全国卷)A.As

B.For

C.With

D.Through

答案:

1. A

2.C

3.C

4.B

5.A

6.A

7.B

8.A

9.B

8.as的用法小结 篇八

1.All right 用以表示同意对方的建议或请求, 相当于 Yes, Good, 意即“好吧、行、可以”。例如:

——Please give her a cup of coffee.请给她一杯咖啡。

——All right.好吧。

——Let's go and ask her.让我们去问她吧。

——Shall we got here by bus我们可以乘公共汽车去那里是吗

——All right.可以。

2.That's right 与

Right 也用以表示对方所说的是对的。“right”相当于“true, correct”, 意即“对的, 正确的”。例如:

——There are fifty-seven.有五十七个。

——That's right, 对。

——I think you can find him at home.我想你能在家里找到他。

——Right.对。

3.That's all right 是对对方的歉意或谢意表示谦逊、礼貌地答语, 相当于

It doesn't matter.意即“没关系, 不用谢。”

例如:

——I'm sorry I can't stay with you, father.

很抱歉, 我不能和你呆在一起了, 爸爸。

——That's all right, Mary.没关系, 玛丽。

Kate:Tom! Is this your eraser凯特:汤姆, 这是你的橡皮吗

Tom:Yes, it is.Thank you.汤姆:是的, 谢谢你。

Kate:That’s all right。凯特:不用谢了。

另外, 当别人向你征求意见时, 也可以用该答语表示同意, 此时和 All right 相同。例如:

Daughter:What about the one next to it It's only five pounds.女儿:紧挨着它的那件怎么样它只有五英镑。

9.Consider 用法小结 篇九

1.考虑

1)+名词或代词

eg:H e is considering the plan it.2)+doing sth

eg: I am considering going out for a walk.注意:consider 后不可以加不定式做宾语

2.认为

1)+宾语+(to be)+adj/n

eg:I consider him(to be)honest.或I consider him(to be)an honest man.2)+宾语+to be doing :认为…正在做某事 eg:I consider him to be reading in the library.3)+宾语+to have done :认为某人做过某事 eg:Bell was considered _____the phone.A.toinventB.having invented

10.percent用法小结 篇十

英 [p??s?nt] 美 [p?r?s?nt]

CET4 TEM4 考 研

n.百分之…;百分数; 百分之一

adj.百分之...的

adv.百分之 ...

复数:percent

词根词缀

词根 cent=centi

1. =hundred,表示“百, 百分之一”;

2. =sing/song,表示“唱,歌”

前缀 per-表示“每”,“每一”

per 每 + cent 一百 → 一百中的每部分 → 百分之…

同根词

centenarian n百岁老人

cent 一百 + en〔= enn 年〕+ arian 表人 → 百岁老人

centennial adj. 百年纪念的

cent 一百 + enn 年 + ial …的 → 百年〔纪念〕的

centimeter n. 厘米

centi 一百 + meter 一米 → 百分之一米 → 厘米

century n. 一世纪,一百年

cent 一百 + ury → 一世纪,一百年

percentage n. 百分率

percent 百分之…,百分比 + age 表示抽象名词 → 百分率

词义用法

percent 是可数名词,但通常用单数形式,它的基本意思是“百分之…”,非正式英语中可指“百分率”“百分比”,常用符号%表示。与数词连用时,数词应置于percent之前。

常用搭配

increment percent 增量百分率

one percent phr. 百分之一

volume percent 容量百分比,体积百分比

percent error 百分误差

percent recovery 回收率

percent symbol 百分比符号

酒店用例

There is a 15 percent reduction for drinks.

饮料打八五折。

——用于向客人介绍促销活动时

Your bill totals $1000 including 10 percent service charge. 您的账单共计1000美元,包括10%的服务费。

——用于

I agree with you one hundred percent.

我百分之百地同意你的意见。

——用于与客人聊天时

百分比?percent、per cent、percentage

先从释义和例句,直观地看看这三个词是什么意思?

1、percent

n. 百分之…

The net income per head rose by about 16 percent in the past three years.

在过去的三年里每人的净收入增长了大约 16%。

There is a Green party but it only scored about 10 percent in the vote.

虽然有一个绿党,但在选举中该党只得到了大约 10% 的选票。

2、per cent

20 to 40 per cent of the voters are undecided.

20% 到 40% 的选民还犹豫不决。

We aim to increase sales by 10 per cent.

我们的目标是将销售额提高10%。

3、percentage

n. 百分率;百分比

A high percentage of the female staff are part-time workers.

女职员中,兼职工作的人占很高的比例。

What percentage of the population is/are overweight?

身体超重的人占人口多大的百分比?

现在进行区分:

(1)从词义和用法上,percent 和 per cent 完全相同。 英国习惯用per cent,而美国习惯用 percent。

现在来区分 percent 和 percentage:

(2)从用法上,percent 是跟在 数字 后面的,意思上是代替 %(单位)。

如 16 percent 对应的中文是16 %。

而 percentage 不能 和数字一起用。 意思上是表示 百分比。 常用的用法是:(the / a percentage of sth)(一个东西的百分比) 对应什么变化、是多少。

11.word短语用法小结 篇十一

甘肃省民勤一中 高雪萍

邮编 733300 一.中学阶段常用的含有word的短语主要有以下几个: 1. in other words换句话说,也就是说

He doesn’t like work.In other words, he is lazy.他不爱工作,换句话说,他很懒。2.in words

用文字

Can you describe it in words? 你能用文字描述它吗? 3.in a / one word 总之,简言之

In a word, I think he’s a fool.总之,我认为他是个傻瓜。4.in word 口头上

The teacher asked his students to explain the law in word.老师让学生口头上解释一下这个定律。5.have a word with sb.和某人说几句话

Can you spare me a few minutes? I’d like to have a word with you.你能给我几分钟的时间吗?我有话跟你谈。6.have words with sb.与某人争吵

She had words with his husbands about who should do the housework.她和她丈夫就谁应该做家务吵了一架。7.by word of mouth 口头上的

He received the news by word of mouth.他得到的是口头上的消息。8.a play on words 双关语

The advertising slogan was a play on words.那条广告的口号是双关语。

9.word for word逐字地

He repeated what you said word for word.他一字不差地复述您说的话。

二. word常用的其他短语有:

break one’s word失信;

be as good as one’s word/keep one’s word守信;例如: You’ll find she is as good as her word.eat one’s words承认自己说错话; leave word留言;例如:

Please leave word of your safe arrival/that you have arrived safely.big words大话;

fair/good word恭敬话; go back on one’s word 食言; from the word go从一开始;例如:

12.se的用法小结 篇十二

se是非重读第三人称代词,可代表第三人称的单数或复数。se的用法较多,本文对它的使用情况作一个小结。1.1)a)用作自复代词: 可代直接补语,如: Ella se peina.她(自己)梳头。b)La niña se mira en el espejo.她照镜子。

(注:Ella le peina 的意思是:她给他(或她)梳头)

2)a)可代间接补语,如: Ella se lava la cara.她洗脸。b)El se pregunta a sí mismo: “¿Qué voy a hacer?”

他问自己:“我该怎么办?”

(注:Ella le lava la cara 的意思是:她给他(或她)洗脸)

2.当直接补语和间接补语的非重读人称代词同时出现,而且两者都是第三人称时,代间接补语的le或les要改写为se,例如:

El es mi buen amigo.Como le gusta mucho este libro.Yo se lo di.他是我的好朋友。由于他很喜欢这本书,所以我把书给了他。(注:不能说:yo le lo di)

3.a)形式上是自复代词,但实际上已失去自复意义,如: El se va mañana.他明天走。b)El jefe dice que se alegra mucho de que ustedes vengan.上司说你们来,他很高兴。c)Ella no se atreve a entrar.她不敢进去。

4.a)表示相互意义,如:

Ellos dos se ayudan mutuamente.他们俩互相帮助。b)Ellos se saludan al encontrarse en la escuela.他们在学校相遇时相互问好。

5.a)用在自复被动句里(主语可以是第三人称单数或复数),如: Allí se ven muchas flores.那里有很多花。b)Estas casas se construyeron el año pasado.这些房子是去年建造的。c)Se vende este piso.此套间出售。d)Se alquila esta casa.此房子出租。

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