语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）--动词不定式 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

2025-01-26

语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）--动词不定式 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)（精选5篇）

1.语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）--动词不定式 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文) 篇一

考点7 非谓语动词

1. I think you’ll grow him when you know him better.

A. liking B. to be like C. to like D. to be liking

2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help.

A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having

3. Oil prices have risen by 32% since the start of the year, a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.

A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching

4. My cousin came to see me from the country, me a full basket of fresh fruits.

A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought

5. There have been several new events to the program for the Beijing Olympic Games.

A. add B. to add C. adding D. added

6. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title __ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.

A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given

7. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table.

A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing

8. When last valuable, those books enjoyed great success.

A. finding B. found C. being found D. to be found

9. How pleased the detective was what his customer told him!

A. hearing B. to hear C. heard D. to hearing

10. - I’ll thank you my affairs alone. - I will. It is none of my business.

A. to have left B. for leaving C. to leave D. for having left

11. - Is Bob still performing?

- I’m afraid not. He is said the stage already as he has become an official.

A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left

12. in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing

13. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest in a year.

A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed

14. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to __ since the flood hit the area last Friday.

A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost

15. from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other county in the world.

A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated

17. AIDS is said the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.

A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been

18. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.

A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held

19. There is no doubt that hiking is good for the retired couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. seen

20. - What should I do with this passage? - ________ the main idea of each paragraph.

A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out

21. in 1963, and in Philadelphia, Charles Petti grew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz.

A. Being born; having raised B. Born; raised C. Was born; was raised D. Born; raising

22. - I regret you John has been fired. - I can hardly believe my ears. He is such a fine worker.

A. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told

23. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered at the party, but not _______.

A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave

24. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk the good opportunity.

A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost

25. The parents suggested in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.

A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept

26. I can’t stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____ talking while she works.

A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop

27. I lost my way in complete darkness and, matters worse, it began to rain.

A. made B. having made C. making D. to make

28. The result was not made until last Sunday.

A. to know B. knowing C. known D. to be known

29. When he got off the bus, he found his pocket .

A. stolen B. picked C. gone D. missing

30. I really can’t understand her like that.

A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating

31. While watching television, .

A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings

C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rang

32. When _________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.

A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared

33. Faced with a bill for $ 10,000, ___________.

A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job

C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John

34. A remote-controlled bomb explored outside a hotel yesterday, at least 12 people.

A. having been injured B. having injured C. injuring D. injured

35. in the USA, Louis has now become the 24th largest city.

A. Being the fourth biggest city B. Once the fourth biggest city

C. It was once the forth biggest city D. The forth biggest city it was

36. a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

37. in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed

38. The storm left, a lot of damage to this area.

A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused

39. I’ve never seen anyone run so fast -- _ David go.

A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched

40. - English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?

- Yes. more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.

A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known

41. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, into the woods.

A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared

C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing

42. If the project by the end of this year is delayed, the construction will be fined.

A. to be completed B. is completed C. being completing D. completed

43. - We do hope we can be of some help, doctor.

- That’s great! blood if you can and many lives will be saved.

A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given

44. How many of us , say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion.

A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended

45. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, away.

A. run B. running C. to run D. ran

46. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just a look at the sports stars.

A. had B. having C. to have D. have

47. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and down to eat our picnic lunch.

A. sitting B. having at C. to sit D. sat

48. into use in April , the hotline has meant for residents reporting water and heating sup ply breakdowns.

A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put

49. more about university courses, call ( 920 ) 746 - 3789.

A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out

50. in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed

51. I don’t want like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.

A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded

52. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise .

A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

53. and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.

A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure

C. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure

54. The manager, it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.

A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making

55. All these gifts must be mailed immediately in time for Christmas.

A. in order to have received B. in order to receive

C. so as to be received D. so as to receive

56. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, fun.

A. had B. have C. to have D. having

57. He hurried to the station only that the train had left.

A. to have found B. finding C. found D. to find

58. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.

A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken

59. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .

A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied

60. Don’t respond to any e – mails __ __ personal information, no matter how official they look.

A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning

61. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16 -year- old boy, saying that he was not the one .

A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed

62. It remains whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.

A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see

63. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket the desert.

A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover

64. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _ .

A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using

65. He hurried to the booking office only __ that all the tickets had been sold out.

A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

66. There was a terrible noise the sudden bursts of light.

A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed

67. football on the playground, the boys felt very happy.

A. Leaving playing B. Left to play C. Left playing D. To leave playing

68. Rather than for help from someone else, how ever difficult the task is, I prefer completing it by my self.

A. to ask B. asking C. ask D. to have asked

69. Which do you enjoy your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?

A. spending B. to spend C. having spent D. to have spent

70. - My son failed to be accepted by the firm after the interview.

- Now that he wasn’t well prepared, he might as well .

A. not try B. not to have tried C. not have tried D. not to try

71. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before .

A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted C. fully accepting D. fully being accepting

72. I must apologize for ahead of time.

A. 1etting you not to know B. not letting you know

C. 1etting you know not D. 1etting you not know

73. To read aloud the English text before breakfast seemed to me a rule .

A. to never break B. never to be breaking

C. never to have broken D. never to be broken

考点小资料(非谓语动词)

I. 介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时except / but意为“除了，除去”。

cannot help(choose) but + 动词原形：……不能不……; do nothing but + 动词原形：只做……

There is nothing to do but + 动词原形：……只有做……;have no choice but to do：只有做……

The last bus having gone，I could do nothing but go home on foot.(省略 to)

I cannot choose lint tell him the truth.(省略to) / She could do nothing but leave.(省略抛)

I have no choice but to cry.(不能省略to)

II. 不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的。介词。但名词way除外。如：He is not a man to tell lies.(主谓关系)

The boy has a nice pen to write with. / We found a way to solve this problem(in).

通常使用不定式作定语的情况有：(1)不定式表示将来;(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有：ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，be her，way，reason，time等。如：During my holiday I burrowed some books to read.(表将来) / She Was the first woman to Will the gold medal in the Olympic Games.(有序数词修饰) / I have no chance to escape.(修饰抽象名词) / Do you have the ability to read French?(修饰抽象名词)

III. 不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果。表示目的时可用in order to，so as to换用。如：

He sat down to have a rest.(表目的) / He woke up to find everybody gone.(表结果)

I’m very pleased to hear from him.(表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐)

He Was too excited to say a word.(表程度) / He is old enough to go to school.(表程度)

◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别：

这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性;现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如：

The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero.(将要修建的)

The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero.(正在修建的)

The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero.(已经修建了的)“

Have you read the novel written by Dickens?(在谓语之前)

He is a teacher loved and respected by all students.(没有时间性) Listen! The song sung is very popular with the young men.(表正在) / The question to be discussed … is very important.(表将来)

在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉;过去分词表示“感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。如：interesting令人感兴趣的;interested感到有兴趣的

◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：

i. 感官动词(see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役动词(have，let， make)后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意：make不能接现在分词作宾补。如：I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now.(表示主动，完成)

I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed her room last night.(表示正在进行)

I heard the Chinese song sung many times.(表示被动)

The captain got/have the soldiers moving to- ward the front after a shout rest.(不能用make)

注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示完成和状态。如：

I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.(表示状态)

I Was surprised to find my hometown changed a lot.(表示完成)

ii. 动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使……处于某种状态”。如：It is wrong for you to leave the machine running.(主动，正在进行)

The guests left most of the dishes untouched。(被动，完成)

My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work.(主动，将来)

My workmate left.1eaving all the rest work to be done.(被动，将来)

◆过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别：

i. 一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。如：

Seen from a distance the mountain looked like a man.

Seeing the mountain，he always thinks of his hometown.

ii. 现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。如： Being helped by the teacher，she will learn English well.

Helped by the teacher, she has learned English well.

iii. 现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。如：

Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended.

Used in this way, the word shouldn’t be taken as a verb.

Given more time, we will finish the work perfectly.

◆垂悬分词作状语：垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们”。如：Searching along the street，it had taken him a long time to find a clinic.(searching的逻辑主语是句中him所指的人)

Walking or sleeping，this subject is always in my mind.(walking or sleeping的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我”)

Using the electric energy，it is necessary to change its form.(using的逻辑主语泛指“我们”)

IV. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语

i. 感官动词后的宾补可以是doing，do，done，being done的结构，其中being done只用于少数动词后面，如 find，smell，feel等。

ii. have somebody do something让某人做某事 / have somebody doing something让某人一直做某事 / won’t have somebody do something不许某人做某事 / have something done使某事被做 / have something doing让……一直做……

iii. catch，smell，keep，set等只能接doing的结构，表示主动和正在进行。

iv. leave somebody doing something让某人一直做某事

leave something undone使某事只做了一半

leave something to be done事情有待于解决

leave somebody to do something让某人做某事，表示将来

v. with somebody to do something宾补与宾语是主谓关系，表示将来。

with somebody doing something宾补与宾语之间是主谓关系，表示正在进行。

with something to do宾补与宾语间是动宾关系，表示将来，动作执行者在句中找得到。

with something to be done宾补与宾语是动宾关系，表示将来，但动作执行者在句中找不到。

with something done宾补与宾语之间是动宾关系，表示完成。

责任编辑：李芳芳

2.语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）--动词不定式 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文) 篇二

I.情态动词+不定式完成式结构的意义分类

表达意义的类别情态

动词具体意义例句

推测

may

/might

当时有可能 Tom hasn’t come back yet. He may have missed the bus again.

Sorry I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

They might not have gone to the movies yesterday evening.

can

/could

当时可能 She can have failed again.

Jack can’t have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephoned me.

My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he couldn’t have attended you lecture.

should

/ought to

当时比较可能 He set out early in the morning, so he should have arrived home by now.

They started at nine o’clock this morning. They oughtn’t to have arrived there by now.

will

/would

当时很可能 You will have heard the news, I’m sure.

The police would have gone through every room last night.

His brother would not have been elected as president.

must

当时肯定 I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.

The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didn’t they?

The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasn’t he?

They must have been very tired yesterday, weren’t they

需要 must 必须曾经 Any candidate for the job must have practiced for no less that three years.

情感(近似虚拟语气用法)

责备

不满

遗憾

might

mightn’t 本来可以/可能而实际没有;本来/可能可以不而实际做了 You might have been more careful

He might not have bothered her.

You are lucky enough. You might have been killed like that.

could 本来能够而实际没有 You could have come earlier.

---I didn’t go to class last night because my car broke down.

---you could have borrowed mine. I wasn’t using it.

should

shouldn’t

ought to /ought not to 本来应该而实际没有;本来不应该而实际做了 We should/ought to have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead.

They shouldn’t/ought not to have let you out of hospital so soon; otherwise, you would feel better.

needn’t 本来不必而实际做了 There was plenty of time. She needn’t have hurried.

We needn’t have watered the flowers for it is going to rain.

赞叹

惊奇

怀疑

should 当时居然 It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years. (赞叹)

I can’t think why he should have said that; it wasn’t my fault. (惊奇)

To think that should have happened to me! (吃惊)

It is a pity that he should fail in such exam.

can

/can’t

could

/couldn’t 当时可能/不可能

当时居然 Can she really have behaved so badly? (惊奇、怀疑)

Tony can’t have done that, he hasn’t the strength.(怀疑)

I’m surprised that he could/should have left without telling a word.(吃惊、不满)

申辩 would 本来应该、愿意、打算 Oh, what a pity. I would have been so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted to show you but I’ve left them at the table at home.

I would have come to help you with your work yesterday, only I was rather busy.

I would have visited you but it rained yesterday.

虚拟(与过去事实相反) might 可能当时 Had he come earlier, he might not have missed the train.

If I were you, I might have bought that car.

could 当时能够、可能 Had you attended the meeting last night, you could have met her.

If she hadn’t learned English hard, she could not have passed the examination.

should 当时可能、应该、愿意 If I had met you yesterday, I should have told you about it.

If he were wise, he should have come to see me.

I should have joined you yesterday evening, only I have been rather busy.

would 当时很可能、愿意 If he had caught the first bus this morning, he would not have been late for class.

He would have come and worked together with us, but he was not here yesterday.

I ought to have done so sooner，it would have saved me numerous misfortune.

II.情态动词+不定式完成式结构的分类练习

can/could

1. Some women _____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.

A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have made

2.It is not like Jack to be unfriendly, so he _____ you when you called.

A. can’t have seen B. should not have seen C. must not have seen D. need not have seen

3. Bob_____ to Norfolk yet. He knows nothing about the place at all.

A. can’t have been B. mustn’t have been C. shouldn’t have been D. needn’t have been

4. ---I’m told that John had another car accident this morning.

---I believe not. He ____ so careless.

A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been

5. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _______ your lecture.

A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended

C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended

6. ---Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday?

---No, We ______, but we decided not.

A. should have gone B. could go C. should go D. could have gone

7. The room is in a terrible mess; it ________ cleaned.

A. can’t have been B. shouldn’t have been C. mustn’t have been D. wouldn’t have been

8. ---We didn’t see him on the exhibition yesterday.

---He ______ it.

A. mustn’t visit B. can’t have visited C. should have gone to see D. may see

9. Mary ______ may letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.

A. should have received B. has received C. couldn’t have received D. ought to have received

10. I _______ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.

A. may come B. may have come C. could have come D. must have come

11. Under more favourable conditions, we ______ better.

A. need have done B. should do C. could have done D. might be doing

must

1. I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere. (,北京，春招)

A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D .must have been dropped

2.We’ve been waiting for hours to see the famous pop singer, but the airplane ________ behind the timetable.

A. must be B. will be C. would have been D. must have been

3. John’s sore in the test is the highest in the class; he ______ last nigh.

A. should study B. should have studied C. must have studied D. must have to study

4. Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _______ in her classroom.

A. should have been B. must have been C. must be D. should be

5. Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn’t. He _______ his mind.

A. can’t have changed B. wouldn’t have changed

C. must have changed D. shouldn’t have changed

6. The road was muddy. It _____ last night.

A. must rained B. must have rained C. must be rained D. could have rained

7. He must have finished his homework, _____he?

A. mustn’t B. must C. needn’t D. hasn’t

8. He must have attended the meeting yesterday, _______he?

A. didn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. hasn’t

should

1.We _____ for her because she never came.

A. needn’t wait B. mustn’t have waited C. shouldn’t have waited D. can’t have waited

2. I’m rather surprised you haven’t reported him to your teacher. In my opinion, you ____ this as soon as you found out he was cheating.

A. must have done B. might have done C. could have done D. should have done

3. ---We expected you yesterday.

---I’m sorry, I ______ you to say that I couldn’t be here until today.

A. must have called B. would be calling C. could have been calling D. should have called

4. I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave

5.Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.

A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat

6.Mr. White ______ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.

A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving

7. With all the work on hand, he ______ to the cinema last night.

A. mustn’t go B. shouldn’t have gone C. could not go D. couldn’t have gone

8. Eve was late for class again. She _______ earlier.

A. should get up B. must get up C. need to get up D. should have got up

9. I didn’t send out my application form last week, but I _____ .

A. had B. would do C. should have D. might have

10.--- They have not finished the work up to now.

--- Well, they ______.

A. should have B. should C. ought to D. ought have

11. Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he ______ Tom to go with him.

A. might have asked B. should asked C. must have asked D. should have asked

may/might

1. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _____ during the day.

A. should have done B. would have done C. must have done D. may have done

2. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _______ from South America on rafts.

A. must have sailed B can sail C. might have sailed D. should have sailed

3. It was really very dangerous; you _______ him seriously.

A. might have injured B. could injure C. should have injured D. must injure

4. --- Why hasn’t Jane arrived yet?

--- She ______ again in the morning.

A. shouldn’t have overslept B. may have turned off the alarm clock

C. must have no one to call her D. should have someone to wake her up

ought to

1.You _____ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.

A. ought to come B. may have come C. ought to have come D. could come

2. We ______ the letter yesterday, but it didn’t arrive.

A. must receive B. ought to receive C. must have received D. ought to have received

3. When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I ____ there earlier.

A. ought to get B. ought to have got C. must have got D. must get

4. He didn’t do well in the exam. He _______ hard at his lessons.

A. must have worked B. ought to have worked C. would have worked D. has worked

5. --- Mr. Young, everything is ready for the meeting.

--- I’m sorry. I ______ to tell you the meeting had been put off.

A. should phone. B. ought to have phoned C. need to phone D. should have been phoned

needn’t

1. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____ so formally.

A. needn’t dress up B. didn’t have to dress up

C. might not have dressed up D. needn’t have dressed up

2.It was very kind of you to do the washingup, but you ____ it.

A. mustn’t have done B. wouldn’t have done C. mightn’t have done D. needn’t have done

3. You ______ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing.

A. needn’t have washed B, shouldn’t have washed

C must not have washed D. can not have washed

4. You _______ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.

A. needn’t go B. had better not go C. should not go D. needn’t have gone

would

1. Oh, what a pity. It ______ so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted to show you, but I’ve left them at the table at home.

A. would have been B. would be C. had been D. was

2. I ________ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.

A. would have liked to give B. liked to give C. have liked to give D. would like to give

3. ---Why didn’t come to my party? I was so disappointed at your absence.

--- I’m very sorry. I ______ but I had a visitor at the last minute.

A. would like have B. would like to C. would like to have D. would like

4. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _______ a goal.

A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored

5. ---Your sister nearly ______all her spare time to her course during the three years.

---That’s right, or she ________ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.

A. spent; wouldn’t take B. devoted; wouldn’t have taken

C. hadn’t devoted; hadn’t taken D. hadn’t spent; couldn’t take

II.情态动词意义分类

可能推测需要职责请求许可

许诺意图打算意愿决心能力才能习惯倾向功用(拟人)

辩解

注定

胆敢

can

could √

will

would √

shall

should √

ought to √√

have (got) to

must √

need

dare

used to

be to

1. shall 的用法。 shall 用作情态动词，主要用于疑问句中征求对方意见，意为“要不要”、“。。。好吗”：

Shall I get a chair for you?

What shall we do this evening?

2. should 的用法。 should 作为情态动词，主要表示“应该”：

You should study hard.

We should help him.

You should ask her first.

(1)有时表示“应该”，其实是一种推测，语气比 may, might 等表推测时要强：

The book should be interesting.

(2)有时用于第一人称的疑问句形式表示征求意见，与 shall 用法相似：

Should I open the window?

What should we do now?

(3)若用于谈论过去的情况，应用“should+have+过去分词”结构：

The train should have already left.

You should have told us earlier.

(4) 用于 should like / should love 可视为习语，意为“想要”，其后接名词、代词或不定式：

I should like you to stay here.

I should love to ask you a question.

Anthony

1 should的其他用法

A 当说话人对某种设想是否合理或正当提出疑问时，可把

should用于 can’ t think why/don’t know why/see no reason why：等后面：

I don’t know why you should think that I did it.

我真不知道你凭什么竟会认为这件事是我干的。

I see no reason why you should interfere in their quarrel.

我不明白你有什么理由竟然会介入他们的争吵。

当这种设想与过去的事情有关时则用完成式：

I can’t think why he should have said that it was my fault.

我真不明白他怎么能说这是我的过错。

B 作为一种惯用表达法，should与 what，where，who连用以形象生动地表达惊奇的感情：

What should I find but an enormous spider!

怎么也想不到我看见的竟是一只巨大的蜘蛛!

这种惊奇经常掺杂着令人为难的因素：

Who should come in but his first wife!

怎么也想不到进来的竟是他的前妻!

C should用在 lest后面，有时也用在 in case后面：

1 在书面语中，lest…should结构有时放在表示惧怕或担心的词后面：

He was terrified lest he should slip on the icy rocks.

他害怕在结冰的石块上滑倒。

对过去的动作表示担心时用should+完成式：

She began to be worried lest he should have met with some accident.

她开始担心他出了什么事。

2 lest也可用于目的从句，表示 for fear that(惟恐)：

He dared not spend the money lest someone should ask where he had got it.

他不敢花这笔钱，怕有人问他钱是从哪儿来的。

如上所示这是一种书面形式。

在这种情况下 in case较 lest更常用，后面可跟 should或一般现在时或一般过去时：

in case someone should ask/someone asked

惟恐万一有人问起(另参见第227节与第337节。)

D should 有时用于目的从句以代替 would/could：

He wore a mask so that no one should recognize him.

他戴了一个面罩，好让别人认不出他来。(参见第336节。)

E 在条件句中用should代替现在时态：

If the pain should return take another of these pills.

疼痛复发时，可再吃一片这些药。(参见第224节。)

F should 还用于颇为正式的间接命令，这种命令不一定是向对方直接发出的：

He ordered that Tom should leave the house.

他下命令叫汤姆离开这所房子。(参见第321节B。)

与下面一句比较一下：

He ordered Tom to leave.

他命令汤姆离开。(他亲自告诉汤姆。)

2 can 的用法大搜索

情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词can没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下:

1. 表示“能、会”,指脑力或体力方面的“能力”。例如:

I can speak English. 我会讲英语。

Jim can swim but I can’t. 吉姆会游泳,但我不会。

2. 表示“可能”,常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。例如:

Han Mei can’t be in the classroom. 韩梅不可能在教室里。

Can he come here today, please? 请问他今天能到这里来吗?

3. 表示“可以”,常用于口语中,指许可或请求做某事。例如:

Can I have a cup of tea, please? 请问我可以喝一杯茶吗?

You can go out. 你可以出去了?

补给站:

①can在口语中可以代替may,表示许可或可以。

②can’t在口语中代替mustn’t时,表示禁止或不准。例如:

You can’t play football in the street. 不准在马路上踢足球。

③情态动词can的过去式could,用于现在时,可使语气更委婉、更客气。例如：

Could you help me with my English? 你能帮助我学习英语吗?

情态动词can的基本句型

1. 肯定句型为:主语+can+动词原形+其它。例如:

They can play basketball. 他们能打篮球。

She can dance. 她会跳舞。

You can go to watch TV. 你可以去看电视了。

2. 否定句型为:主语+can not(can’t/cannot)+动词原形+其它。表示“某人不能(不会、不可能)做……”。其中can’t是can not的缩略式,英国多写成cannot。例如:

You cannot pass the ball like this. 你不能像这样传球。

I can’t ride a motorbike. 我不会骑摩托车。

3. 疑问句句型分为:一般疑问句句型和特殊疑问句句型两种类型

一般疑问句句型为:

Can+主语+动词原形+其它。表示“某人会(能、可以)做……吗?”,用于口语时,常表示请求或许可。其肯定答语用“Yes, 主语+can.”作答;否定答语用“No, 主语+can’t.”作答。注意答语中作主语的人称代词,应根据问句中的主语作相应的变化。其变化规则为:第一人称问,则第二人称答;第二人称问,则第一人称答;第三人称问,第三人称答。例如:

①-Can you sing an English song for us? 你可以为我们大家唱一首英语歌吗?

-Yes. 行。(注意在Yes后面常省略I can)

②-Can I skate? 我可以滑冰吗?

-Yes, you can. 可以。

③-Can she climb hills? 她能爬山吗?

-No, she can’t. 不,她不能。

特殊疑问句句型为:

a. Who+can+动词原形+其它。该句型中who相当于主语。例如:

-Who can sing in English in your class? 你们班上谁会用英语唱歌?

-Lily can. 莉莉会。

b. 特殊疑问词(作定语)+名词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用how many, how much等。例如:

-How many boats can you see in the river? 你能看见河中有多少只船吗?

-Only one boat. 仅有一只。

c. 特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用what, where, when等,一般用肯定陈述句作答。例如:

-What can you see in the picture? 你能在图画中看到什么?

-I can see some birds and two big trees in it. 我能看到一些鸟儿和两棵大树。

3.语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）--动词不定式 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文) 篇三

1. It was already past midnight and only three young men __________ in the tea house.

A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted

2. It’s already 10 o’clock I wonder how it ________ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.

A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up

3. The building around the comer caught fire last night. The police are now ________ the matter.

A. geeing through B. working out C. looking into D. watching over

4. - Four dollars a pair? I think it’s a bit too much.

- If you buy three pairs, the price for each will ________ to three fifty.

A. come down B. take down C. turn over D. go over

5. Please tell me how the accident ________. I am still in the dark.

A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came about

6. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you ________ yesterday?

A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on

7. To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ________ into parts.

A. down B. up C. off D. out

8. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village scenes of my childhood.

A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called in

9. Although the wind has , the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.

A. turned up B. gone back C. died down D. blown out

10. Sherlock Homels was often able to a mystery without leaving his rooms on Baker Street.

A. tear up B. clean up C. clear up D. show up

11. Whenever we are to walk on the ice, do that it is solid and thick.

A. examine B. cheek C. try D. try out

12. - Smoking is bad for your health.

- Yes, I know. But I simply can’t .

A. give it up B. give it in C. give it out D. give it away

13. It is certain that he will his business to his son when he gets old.

A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over

14. The computer system suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.

A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in

15. Her lost eyesight was by her sharp sense of hearing.

A. made up for B. made out C. made up of D. made up

16. People with loud voices really me .

A. turn; in B. turn; down C. turn; on D. turn; off

17. - The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.

- Don’t worry. We have already two thirds of it.

A. got down B. got through C. given in D. given away

18. Kathy a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.

A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up

19. The dictionary is being printed and it will soon

A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out

20. If any one happens to drop in while I am out, him or her leave a message.

A. have B. get C. ask D. tell

21. It’s the present situation in poor areas that much higher spending on education and training.

A. answers for B. provides for C. calls for D. plans for

22. What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has ？

A. given out B. put out C. held up D. use up

23. Modern plastics can very high and very low temperatures.

A. stand B. hold C. carry D. support

24. We went to Canada to travel and my cousin as our guide.

A. played B. showed C. acted D. performed

25. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson .

A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up

26. The company is starting a new advertising campaign to new customers to its stores.

A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer

27. Before building a house, you will have to the government’s permission.

A. get from B. follow C. receive D. ask for

28. I couldn’t . The line was busy.

A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through

29. - Ow! I’ve burnt myself!

- How did you do that?

- I a hot pot.

A. touched B. kept C. felt D. held

30. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without his notes.

A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on

31. This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can my father.

A. find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out

32. They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to .

A. spare B. catch C. leave D. make

33. Nowadays, it’s considered acceptable for a couple to _ the marriage if it can’t bring them happiness.

A. hold down B. give away C. break off D. cut off

34. In our childhood, we were often by grandma to pay attention to our table manners.

A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped

35. April Fool’s Day is coming. Be careful not to be when others play tricks on you.

A. brought in B. caught in C. taken in D. made in

36. - Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?

- Oh, really! I haven’t my mailbox yet.

A. examined B. reviewed C. tested D. checked

37. The doctor suggested my wife and me more exercise every day.

A. take B. taking C. to take D. took

38. Sometimes a footballer receives a yellow card for trying to the game.

A. hold up B. stay up C. break up D. point up

39. How proud she is! She has been Beijing University.

A. admitted to B. agreed to C. received by D. entered in

40. His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has many good changes in their lives.

A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about

41. Don’t take all the things. You should learn to with others.

A. spare B. share C. offer D. spend

42. When to repairing a computer, I have little knowledge of it.

A. I come B. it comes C. we come D. they come

43. The doctor had almost hope at one point, but the patient finally .

A. pulled out B. pulled through C. pulled up D. pulled over

44. After a year’s training, I’m sure he will the target.

A. hit B. strike C. beat D. knock

45. - I wonder if Joe has really learnt Italian.

- Not really. He just a few words of Italian by playing with the local children.

A. kept up B. picked up C. drew up D. caught up

46. - Ling Feng won the first prize in national English competition.

- Oh, really? I’m glad that her efforts at last .

A. worked out B. got back C. paid off D. turned out

II. 考点小资料（动词）

1．无被动结构的特殊动词：have, own, fit, last, want, suit, fail等；

2．含被动意义的主动语态的动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, prove等；

3．无进行时的动词： (1) 描写智力的：know, realize, understand, recognize, believe, feel, suppose, think, imagine, doubt, remember, forget, want, need, prefer, mean等；

(2) 描写感情状况的：love, like , appreciate, hate, dislike, fear, end, mind, care等；

(3) 表“所有，拥有”的：possess, have, own, belong等；

(4) 描写感官、官能状况的：taste, smell, sound, hear, look feel, see等；

(5) 表“存在”的：be, exist, obtain, stay等。

4．主动形式表示被动意义的情况

(1) 某些连系动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如 look，smell，taste，sound，feel，appear，prove，后面接形容词或名词做表语。如：The roses smell sweet. The theory proved true.

(2) 某些具有及物意义的不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如read，write，translate，record，lock，shut，open，wash，clean，run，sell等。如：Your composition reads well. His voice records well.

(3) 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。如：Work began at 7 o’clock this morning．The shop closes at 6 p．m．everyday．

(4) 少数动词用于进行时，主动形式表示被动含义，如print，build，cook，fly，hang，make等。如：The books are printing. The meat is cooking. My coat is hanging behind the door.

(5) 某些不及物动词(短语)的主动形式表示被动的意义。常见的有：happen，take place，break out， belong to，go out，run out等。如： The Anti -Japanese War broke out in 1937. The fire went out gradually.

5．三个特殊句式的固定时态： (1) This/It is the first/second … time + that从句。从句中一般用现在完成时，前面的is为was时，则用过去完成时。如：This is the first time I have come to the famous city. / It was the forth time he had made the same mistake. (2) It is/has been + 一段时间 + since从句。since从句中一般用一般过去时，如果前面是was，则since从句中用过去完成时。如：It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time．(3) It + be + 一段时间 + before从句。如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，意思是多长时间后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意思是多长时间后发生了某事。如：It won’t be long before he succeeds．(要不了多久他就会成功) / It was ten years before they met again．(十年后，他们又见面了)

4.英语语法口诀非谓语动词篇四

1、动词的不定式

①不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。

②没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。

③主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。

④not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。

⑤疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。

⑥仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。

解析：①“to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。

②它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。

③它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。

④“not +动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住规律。

⑤疑问代词what, who, whom, which和疑问副词where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。

⑥通过以上分析，只要仔细研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就能作出准确的判断。

2、动名词：

哪些动词后面只能接动名词，下面的顺口溜有助于记忆。

喜欢、考虑不可免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)

停止，放弃太冒险(stop, give up , risk)

反对想象莫推延(mine, imagine, delay, put off)

要求完成是期望(require, finish, look forward to.)

建议继续勤*练(suggest, go on, practise)

不禁原谅要坚持(can’t help, excuse , insist on)

5.非谓语动词之动词不定式篇五

动词的非谓语形式有三种：

(1)动词不定式：to study(to + 动词原形)

(2)分词：studying(现在分词)、studied(过去分词)

(3)动名词：studying(形式与现在分词相同)

一、动词不定式

(一)作主语。在不定式短语作主语的句子中，往往用 it 作形式主语，而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。如：

To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her.你要是把她忘了，那可太不应该了。

It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation.我们不接受邀请不合适

但是，下列形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语由 of 引出：

careless粗心的，clever聪明的，cruel残忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty淘气的，nice好的，polite礼貌的，right正确的，rude无礼的，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong错误的，等等。

因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词 +of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何。而“for sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何

(二)作宾语及宾语补语。

1、有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有：afford负担得起，agree同意，arrange安排，ask要求，attempt试图，beg乞求，begin开始，choose选择，claim声称，consent同意，dare敢，decide决定，decline谢绝，desire欲想，demand要求，determine决心，expect期待，fail失败，forget忘记，hate讨厌，help帮助，hope希望，intend打算，learn学习，like喜欢，long渴望，manage设法，mean打算，need需要，offer主动提出，plan计划，prefer更喜欢，prepare准备，pretend假装，promise答应，refuse拒绝，remember记得，seek寻求，seem好像，tend倾向，threaten威胁，undertake承担，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望等。

2、不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where还有whether等词连用作宾语。常跟这种结构作宾语的动词有：ask询问，advise建议，consider考虑，decide决定，discover发现，discuss讨论，explain解释，find out查明，forget忘记，inquire打听，know知道，learn学会，remember记得，show演示，tell告诉，teach教，think想，understand懂得，wonder想知道，等等。例如：How to live a happy life is a difficult question to answer.3、有些动词需要不定式作宾语补足语。这种动词常见的有：ask请求，advise劝告，allow允许，beg乞求，believe相信，call on号召，cause促使，compel强迫，command指挥，direct指导，enable使…能够，encourage鼓励，expect期望，feel觉得，force迫使，get使得，hate不喜欢，have使，hear听见，help帮助，inspire鼓舞，intend 打算,invite邀请,instruct指示，know知道，lead引导，let让，like喜欢，listen to 听，look at看，make 使得, notice注意到, observe观察，order命令，permit允许，persuade说服，prefer更喜欢，press施加压力，remind提醒，request请求，teach教，tell告诉，urge敦促，want 想要，warn警告，wish希望，等等。

Tony knew his girl friend to be a shy college student.4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。这样的动词有：feel觉得，have使，hear听见，help帮助，let让，listen to 听，look at看，make使，notice 注意，see看见，observe 观察，watch观看等，一类是感官动词，一类是使役动词。

A policeman saw the accident happen.一位警察看见事故发生。

上述help后面的不定式省掉to与保留to都可以。在被动语态中，上述动词后面的不定式要把省去的to还原。

I heard the dog come in.我听见那条狗进来。

=The dog was heard to come in.有人听见那条狗进来。

I saw her go out by bike.我看见她骑着自行车出去了。

=She was seen to go out by bike.有人看见她骑着自行车出去了。

在had better(最好)，would rather(宁愿)，would sooner(宁愿)，would(just)as soon(宁愿)，cannot but(不能不，不由得不)，cannot help but(不能不，不由得不)等成语后面也跟不带to的不定式：

He would rather listen to others than talk himself.Rather than和sooner than同义，都是“宁可”，“与其…(不如)”，“不是…(而是)”的意思。当它们放在句首时，其后跟不带to的不定式;在其它位置时其后的不定式可带也可不带to:

Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitress.He decided to write rather than telephone.他决定写信，不打电话。

The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.经理相信重要的是投资买新机器，而不是增加工资。

4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。

在Why 起首的疑问句中跟不带to的不定式：

Why not come with us? 为什么不跟我们一起来呢? =Why don’ t you come with us?

5、不定式作宾语而后面还有宾语补语时，常用it来代替不定式短语，而把真正作宾语的不定式短语放在补足语后面。常见的动词有：consider认为，feel觉得，find发现，make使，think认为，等等。例如：I think it best to go.我想最好走。

Do you consider it right to send our doctors over?

注意：hope希望，demand要求，suggest建议，这三个词不能跟不定式作宾补。

I hope that you’ll be happy.我希望你快乐。

I suggest that you take him seriously.我建议你要把他当回事。

I advise you not to take him seriously.我建议你不要把他当回事。

We demanded that they give us a definite answer.我们要求他们给个确切的答

(三)作定语。不定式短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰的词之后，有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语。常见的有：ability能力，agreement一致，协议，ambition抱负、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt试图，campaign战役，chance机会，claim声称，courage勇气，decision决定，determination决心，drive努力，eagerness殷切的心情，effort努力，failure失败，hope希望，intention目的意图，motive force动力，movement运动、协议，need需要，opportunity机会，plan计划，promise诺言，readiness乐意，refusal拒绝，reluctance勉强不愿，resolution决心，tendency倾向，right权力，struggle斗争，threat威胁，time时候，way方法，willingness愿意，wish希望。

与这些词相对应的形容词或动词常接动词不定式。如ability →be able to, refusal →refuse to 等。

作定语时不定式表示将要发生的动作。

There is not any one to save him.没有任何能救他的人。

He’s a not a man to tell lies.他不是那种撒谎的人。

(四)作表语。放在系动词之后。

To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich.赌博就是自杀，而不是致富。To criticize others is to make enemies.批评别人就是树敌。

To do everything is to do nothing.什么都做等于什么也做不成。

(五)不定式短语和疑问词连用(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,还包括

whether)

(1)做主语。

例如：

Who to turn to is what she wants to know.找谁帮忙是她想知道的。

It’s problem what to do.干什么还是个问题。

How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark.(2)做表语。例如：

The question is which to take first.问题是先拿哪一个。

What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to seek.剩下需要你解释的是怎样实施计划以及寻求谁的帮助。

The question is which of the methods to adopt.(3)作宾语，常用这一结构作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide discuss, explain, forget, find out, guess, inquire, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think, understand, wonder等。

I’ve found out where to buy them cheaply.我发现了在哪里买这些东西便宜。

Do you remember when to switch off the machine?

有些双宾语及物动词，也可用这个结构做直接宾语。常用的有tell, inform, show, advise, ask, teach,等。如：

I showed her how to use the remote control.我向她演示怎样使用遥控器。

The salesman told him which switch to turn on first.(4)做定语。例句:

I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this form with).(六)作状语。不定式短语作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。

(1)表示目的。如:

We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players.为了强调，有时用in order to(为了)或so as to(以便)加动词原形，放在句首或句尾均可。例如;In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day.有些不定式习惯用语放在句首或句尾，作独立成分。例如：

To be frank(with you), this is not satisfactory.老实(和你)说，这不令人满意。

To be fair, she is an honest girl.说句公道话，她是一个诚实的姑娘。

To tell you the truth, you are wrong..实话告诉你，你错了。

(2)表示原因。例如:

To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a foreigner.不定式短语可以和表示情绪的形容词和过去分词连用，有时说明产生这种情绪的原因，有时不是说明原因，而是和形容词一起说明主语的情况。

常见的这类形容词和过去分词有：

able有能力的，afraid 害怕的，amazed 感到惊异的，angry生气的，anxious 急于的，astonished 感到惊讶的，careful小心的，certain有把握的，clever聪明的，comfortable舒服的，cruel残忍的，deep深的，delighted 高兴的，difficult有困难的，disappointed感到失望的，determined 有决心的，eager 急于的，easy容易的，fit 合适的，foolish 愚蠢的，fortunate 幸运的，free自由的，frightened感到害怕的，glad高兴的，good好的，happy幸福的，hard艰苦的，lucky 幸运的，overjoyed 高兴的，pleased高兴的，possible 可能的，proud 自豪的，ready 准备好的，relieved 感到轻松的，right正确的，sad悲伤的，shocked感到惊讶的，sorry难过的，sure 肯定的，surprised感到惊讶的，unable没能力的，useless没用的，willing 愿意的，worthy 值得的，wrong 错误的等。

He’ll be angry to hear these words.听到这些话他会生气的。

You’re lucky to have me as your teacher.有我当你们老师，你们很幸运。

He feels proud to be on the school football team.(3)不定式做结果状语只限于下面几个词：learn得知，find 发现，see 看见，hear 听见，to be told被告知，make 使得等。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的结果。例如:

He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already taken off.(4)不定式还可以与“be said, be reported,…”等连用构成复合谓语。这一结构可变成“It’s said, It’s reported,…”(见被动语态部分)。如：

It’s reported that an explosion has happened and it’s known that three have been killed.(七)不定式的时态。动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式、进行式和完成式。

(1)一般式(to+动词原形)：表示与主句谓语动词动作同时(或几乎同时)发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。例如：

We’re happy to have you on our side.有你在我们这边我们很高兴。

I saw him go out.(2)进行式(to be+现在分词)：表示主句谓语的动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行。例如：

She’s said /believed to be living nearby.(3)完成式(to have+过去分词)：表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情。

如：I’m glad to have met your parents here.我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母。

动词不定式的完成式和下列动词的过去时连用，表示过去没有实现的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它们的过去时。另外还有should/would like/love。这个结构表示“本打算/想/计划…”的意思。例如：

The game were to have taken place in Room

He planned to have gone abroad last week.(八)不定式的被动语态。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：

一般式：to be+过去分词

完成式：to have been+过去分词

You’re lucky to have been accepted.你很幸运已经被接受了。

These criminals are to be hanged.这些罪犯是将被绞死的。

(九)为了避免重复，不定式可省略，但to有时保留，有时不保留。例如：

You will make it if you try(to).如果你努力，你会成功的。

George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think he really wants to.George 说要离开上海，但是我不认为他真的愿意走。

后面常省略不定式而保留to的结构，还有：

used to常常 be going to 打算

mean to打算 ought to应该

plan to 计划 want to要想

(十)两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时，第二个可省略to，尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。例如:

I intend to call on him and discuss this question again.We had nothing to do except(to)look at the posters outside the cinema.句子中but后面的不定式带不带to，取决于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有与do/did有关的词(do作谓语，to do作定语等等)，but后面的不定式就省掉to。例如：

I can do nothing but go there alone.除了独自一个到那里去，我别无选择。

1.用动词不定式结构完成下列句子：

1)Let’s _______(早回家).→ go home early

2)I am going _____(问问题).→ to ask some questions

3)I’ve been hoping ______(会见格林先生)ever since I left school → to see Mr.Green

4)It is difficult ______(照顾这么多小娃娃).→ to look after so many babies

5)He likes _____(在月光下散步).→to walk in the moonlight

6)She is afraid ____(独自去).→ to go alone

7)I pretended ______(睡着了).→ to be asleep

8)I should like _____(今晚去看那个话剧).→to go to watch that drama tonight

9)Be careful ____(别着凉).→not to catch cold

10)Mr.Green seemed ____(越来越不喜欢他).→to dislike him more and more