奥巴马每周演讲稿

奥巴马每周演讲稿（精选8篇）

1.奥巴马每周演讲稿 篇一

2010-07-10

Last weekend, on the Fourth of July, Michelle and I welcomed some of our extraordinary military men and women and their families to the White House.They were just like the thousands of active duty（现役）personnel and veterans I’ve met across this country and around the globe（我已经见过在这个国家和世界的每一个角落）.Proud.Strong.Determined.Men and women with the courage to answer their country’s call, and the character to serve the United States of America.Because of that service;because of the honor and heroism of our troops around the world;our people are safer, our nation is more secure, and we are poised to（正准备）end our combat mission（战争任务）in Iraq by the end of August, completing a drawdown of more than 90,000 troops since last January.Still, we are a nation at war.For the better part of a decade（七八年来）, our men and women in uniform have endured（忍受）tour after tour in distant and dangerous places.Many have risked their lives.Many have given their lives.And as a grateful nation, humbled by their service, we can never honor these American heroes or their families enough.Just as we have a solemn responsibility to train and equip our troops before we send them into harm’s way, we have a solemn（庄严）responsibility to provide our veterans and wounded warriors with the care and benefits they’ve earned when they come home.That is our sacred trust with all who serve – and it doesn’t end when their tour of duty does.To keep that trust, we’re building a 21st century VA, increasing its budget, and ensuring the steady（稳定的）stream（源源不断的）of funding it needs to support medical care for our veterans（老兵）.To help our veterans and their families pursue a college education, we’re funding and implementing（实施）the post-9/11 GI Bill.To deliver better care in more places, we’re expanding and increasing VA health care, building new wounded warrior facilities（设备）, and adapting care to better meet the needs of female veterans.To stand with（与。。相处）those who sacrifice, we’ve dedicated new support for wounded warriors and the caregivers who put their lives on hold for a loved one’s long recovery.And to do right by our vets（治疗）, we’re working to（致力于）prevent and end veteran homelessness – because in the United States of America, no one who served in our uniform should sleep on our streets.We also know that for many of today’s troops and their families, the war doesn’t end when they come home.Too many suffer from the signature injuries of today’s wars: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury.And too few receive the screening and treatment they need.Now, in past wars, this wasn’t something America always talked about.And as a result, our troops and their families often felt stigmatized（指责）or embarrassed when it came to seeking help.Today, we’ve made it clear up and down the chain of command that folks should seek help if they need it.In fact, we’ve expanded mental health counseling and services for our vets.But for years, many veterans with PTSD who have tried to seek benefits – veterans of today’s wars and earlier wars – have often found themselves stymied（妨碍）.They’ve been required to produce evidence proving that a specific event caused their PTSD.And that practice has kept the vast majority of those with PTSD who served in non-combat roles（非战斗角色）, but who still waged（从事过）war, from getting the care they need.Well, I don’t think our troops on the battlefield（战场）should have to take notes to keep for a claims application.And I’ve met enough veterans to know that you don’t have to engage in a firefight to endure the trauma of war.So we’re changing the way things are done.On Monday, the Department of Veterans Affairs, led by Secretary Ric Shinseki, will begin making it easier for a veteran with PTSD to get the benefits he or she needs.This is a long-overdue step that will help veterans not just of the Afghanistan（阿富汗）and Iraq Wars, but generations of their brave predecessors who proudly served and sacrificed in all our wars.It’s a step that proves America will always be here for our veterans, just as they’ve been there for us.We won’t let them down.We take care of our own.And as long as I’m Commander-in-Chief, that’s what we’re going to keep doing.

2.奥巴马每周演讲稿 篇二

According to Halliday, the adult’s language becomes much more complex and it has to serve many more functions, which are meta-functions, one of which is interpersonal function (Hu, 2007) .Barack Obama, in his addresses, uses the language to set up closer and deeper relationship with voters, create his own image, and influence votes’behavior.Voters are often deeply moved by his speeches.Thus, Obama’s speech can be seen in the full realization of the interpersonal function.His Weekly Radio Address can be analyzed to see the detailed realization in this paper.

2、Literature Review

2.1、Related Studies

Hewes, Roloff, Planalp and Reibold believe that in order to identify key areas of both agreement and controversy in the study of interpersonal communication, they propose such a hierarchy of skills.

Li Zhanzi (2002) points out that pronoun, tense, direct speech, indirect speech, reflective expression and appraisal methods can also show interpersonal function.She suggests that the interpersonal function of language should be studied from different perspectives in different theories.

Each of the theories mentioned above has its merits as well as demerits in dealing with the interaction in speech.This thesis will absorb the merits from these theories to explore the interpersonal function realized in the specific discourse of political public speech.

2.2、Features of Public Political Speech

Political speech here refers to those given by authorities with political purposes in order to influence a certain group of people.From the definition, we may easily infer the features of political speech.The first is the multiple aims, and the other is the power with which the aims are enforced upon the hearers.

In a political speech, power is a prominent feature that deserves our attention, speaking effectively in public is one of the oldest and most powerful weapons.Obvious examples from the last century include Lenin, Churchill, de Gaulle, Castro and Martin Luther King.As politicians, they represented a very wide range of opinions and beliefs.But one thing they all have in common is a quite extraordinary ability to captivate their audiences, inspire crowds and mobilize mass opinions (Atkinson, 1984) .

3、Case Study

3.1、Mood

Mood is made up of two parts:the“Subject”and the“Finite”element.The subject can be a noun, a noun phrase, or a clause.As subjects, the personal pronouns play an important part.The choice of personal pronouns can not only indicate their existence of the speaker and the listeners but also indicate the speaker’s attitudes and their relationship.In this article, there are 20“we”s, 6“I”s and 2“you”s as the subject.For example,

“That’s why we’re pursuing an all-of-the-above strategy.We’re producing more biofuels, more fuel-efficient cars, more solar power, more wind power.“

The frequent use“we”as subjects can make Obama and the public stand on the same position as if they have common goals, tasks and interests.Besides, “I”can highly identify the identity of Obama as the President of the USA.He, the President, is working hard for the new policy and a happier and more comfortable life of all Americans.Obama tells the public his great effort sincerely with“I”.The publics should be deeply touched.

However, in the sentences“Now, you wouldn’t know it by listening to some of the folks running for office today“, “you”is the subject.It can stress the exit of the audience and make the address more interactive and communicative.

3.2、Modality and Modulation

Halliday believes that modality the speaker’s judgment and prediction toward a statement.Modulation refers to the scale of obligation and inclination in proposals (offers and demands) , where the meaning of the positive and negative poles is prescribing and proscribing.Both obligation and inclination can be expressed in either of the two ways: (1) by finite modal operators; (2) by an expansion of (上接第176页)

the Predicator such as a passive verb or an adjective (Liu, 2007) .

In the article, there are 5“will”s, 3“would”s and 3“can”s.For example,

“You see, in a matter of days, funding will stop for all sorts of transportation projects.Construction sites will go idle.Workers will have to go home.And our economy will take a hit.”

Obama use modal auxiliaries such as“will”, “might”, “would”to express his blueprint and his confidence, determination and persistence to the new policy.He desires to get the support and trust from publics.

In order to promote the ruling ideology and seek public support, Obama use a lot of offers and statements in parallelism in this address, for example,

“Under my Administration, we’re producing more oil than at any other time in the last eight years.We’ve quadrupled the number of operating oil rigs to a record high.And we’ve added enough oil and gas pipeline to circle the entire Earth and then some.Those are the facts.”

Also, in the following sentence, Obama stimulate the public’s with the contrast power of a positive and a negative statement to emphasize his assumption,

“I don’t want to cede these clean energy industries to China or Germany or any other country.I want to see solar panels and wind turbines and fuel-efficient cars manufactured right here in America, by American workers.”

This kind of sentences can appeal to the audience directly, catch their attention and arouse their enthusiasm.In addition, these statements can also weaken the power relationship, so that the speaker and the audience to keep a relationship of equality and mutual trust.The publics believe that their President is working for them wholeheartedly.

4、Conclusion

This thesis uses Obama’s Weekly Radio Address as an example to demonstrate how interpersonal function is generally realized in a political speech.It is found that Obama makes good use of the complex references of personal pronouns, the ambiguity of the moda auxiliaries, and the various ways to convey imperativeness implicitly to achieve various purposes in his speech.His tactic uses of these linguistic elements have achieved the multiple aims in a speech and also showed his creativity in making a political speech.These factors determine and influence the interpersonal function of language and also meet the communicative function of the language.Thus, the speaker exploits the language to the utmost to achieve his aims.

参考文献

[1]、Atkinson, M.Our Master’s Voices The Language and Body Language of Politics[M].London:Routledge.1984.

[2]、Bach, K.&Harnish, M.Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts[M].Cambridge/Massachusetts:MIT.1979.

[3]、Halliday, M.A.K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Reach Press.2000.

[4]、胡壮麟.《语言学教程》[M].北京:北京大学出版社.1988.

[5]、李战子.《话语的人际意义研究》[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社.2002.

3.像奥巴马一样演讲 篇三

忽然有一天，威廉带着有点僵硬的笑来到我面前，举着几张纸说：“我的项目谈成了，两周后举行签约仪式，”威廉犹豫了一下，“我需要在签约仪式上讲话，你，能不能帮我写个讲话稿？”

做公关多年，写这种讲话稿是我的强项。我洋洋洒洒不到一小时就写完了。稿子传给威廉，他只是在电邮中回复说谢谢，便再没有下文。

这段时间正是美国总统大选的高潮，总统候选人、前总统、候选人的夫人轮番上阵，或纵论国事，或晓以亲情。巴拉克（奥巴马）不是一个总统，他就是我们当中的一个，他上大学也是靠贷款的。远隔万里盯着电脑的我们，听了这些都会感到一丝触动。

离签约仪式还有两天，威廉说要请我喝咖啡，他神色有点凝重，半天才开口说：“我从来没有在这样的场合讲过话，你的稿子很好，但我不肯定是否可以讲好，有没有关于演讲的窍门？”

我说，先讲一个你们国家的作家马克·吐温的故事，他最初演讲的时候，会把所有的要点记在一张纸上，讲的时候瞟一眼。可是那些要点记住了，顺序却经常出错。后来他想的办法是只把句子的第一个字母写在指甲上，讲完一个要点立刻把指甲上的这个字母舔掉。这样下来，台下的人总觉得他更关心自己的手而不是演讲，还有人关切地问他手怎么了——威廉有些附和地干笑，看来我的故事讲得很差。

“这样的签约活动每天在中国有成千上万，就是走过场，没有人会在意你讲什么，大家都是念稿子。”

“可是我不知能不能念好，我从来没有讲过这样带政治高度的话题。”

最后商定的办法是，在讲话的头一天晚上，我帮他演练一遍，记下演练中所有的优点和需要改进的地方，然后重新排一遍，直到双方都感到满意为止。

签约活动是一个看起来简单却涉及无数细节的项目，我和威廉的团队都在忙碌。已经半夜12点了，我指指手表，示意他该去排练演讲了，他看着手中的宴会排位表满脸愁容：好几个重要人物没有确认参加，他和秘书正在以类似数学排列组合的方式，制定数十种预案。威廉无奈地看着我，说这事一定要今晚搞定，演讲排练可能没时间了。我说好吧，稿子我会再打印一份，到时候给你。祝好运。

签约仪式准时开始，主持人介绍嘉宾，最高级别的是主管工业的副省长，还有省市各厅局的领导。轮到威廉讲话了，他手里没拿稿子，我忽然意识到自己只顾忙别的，打印稿忘了给他。

威廉开始讲了，他手上没有稿子，眼睛一直盯着观众席的一个方向，声音因为紧张而有些颤抖，他讲一句停顿一下，等旁边的翻译译成中文，这倒是一个缓冲，可以想词儿和调整状态。威廉讲得十分流利，好像完全没有稿子，只有我知道他说出的词是我写下的有点灵气的“陈词滥调”。我越听越吃惊，难道他把整篇稿子都背下来了？

稿子的内容讲完了，威廉还在继续，他好像完全忘记了紧张，他的目光开始与公众交流：“合资企业的签约是美中高科技领域合作的新的里程碑，是两国人民友谊桥梁的进一步延伸。1972年美国总统第一次访问中华人民共和国，尼克松先生引用了毛泽东主席的诗词‘一万年太久，只争朝夕’……”

威廉的讲话获得了热烈的掌声，副省长还专门走到威廉身边，称赞他讲得好，坐在我旁边的省办公厅的一位处长嘀咕着：“老美真是有素质，能脱稿讲话，个个都象奥巴马。”

客人太多了，我一直没有机会向威廉祝贺。隔着很多人，远处的威廉看到了我，他把左手拇指伸到嘴边舔了一下，又舔一下右手拇指，然后挥挥手，冲我得意而腼腆地笑。

4.奥巴马每周演讲稿 (18) 篇四

2010-10-23

Over the past two years, we’ve won a number of battles to defend the interests of the middle class.One of the most important victories we achieved was the passage of Wall Street Reform.This was a bill designed to rein in the secret deals and reckless gambling that nearly brought down the financial system.It set new rules so that taxpayers would never again be on the hook for a bailout if a big financial company went under.And reform included the strongest consumer protections in history – to put an end to a lot of the hidden fees, deceptive mortgages, and other abusive practices used to tilt the tables against ordinary people in their financial dealings.It was a tough fight.The special interests poured millions into a lobbying campaign to prevent us from reforming the system – a system that worked a lot better for them than for middle class families.Some in the financial industry were eager to protect a status quo that basically allowed them to play by their own rules.And these interests held common cause with Republican leaders in Washington who were looking to score a political victory in an election year.But their efforts failed.And we succeeded in passing reform in the hopes of ensuring that we never again face a crisis like the one we’ve been through – a crisis that unleashed an economic downturn as deep as any since the Great Depression.Even today, we are still digging out of the damage it unleashed on the economy.Millions of people are still out of work.Millions of families are still hurting.We’re also seeing the reverberations of this crisis with the rise in foreclosures.And recently, we’ve seen problems in foreclosure proceedings – mistakes that have led to disruptions in the housing markets.This is only one more piece of evidence as to why Wall Street Reform is so necessary.In fact, as part of reform, a new consumer watchdog is now standing up.It will have just one job: looking out for ordinary consumers in the financial system.And this watchdog will have the authority to guard against unfair practices in mortgage transactions and foreclosures.Yet despite the importance of this law – and despite the terrible economic dislocation caused by the failures in our financial system under the old rules – top Republicans in Congress are now beating the drum to repeal all of these reforms and consumer protections.Recently, one of the Republican leaders in the Senate said that if Republicans take charge of Congress, repeal would be one of the first orders of business.And he joins the top Republican in the House who actually called for the law to be repealed even before it passed.I think that would be a terrible mistake.Our economy depends on a financial system in which everyone competes on a level playing field, and everyone is held to the same rules – whether you’re a big bank, a small business owner, or a family looking to buy a house or open a credit card.And as we saw, without sound oversight and common-sense protections for consumers, the whole economy is put in jeopardy.That doesn’t serve Main Street.That doesn’t serve Wall Street.That doesn’t serve anyone.And that’s why I think it’s so important that we not take this country backward – that we don’t go back to the broken system we had before.We’ve got to keep moving forward.Thanks.

5.奥巴马每周演讲稿 篇五

Remarks of President Barack Obama

Weekly Address

Saturday, August 1st, 2009 Today, I’d like to talk with you about a subject that I know is on everyone’s mind, and that’s the state of our economy.Yesterday, we received a report on our Gross Domestic Product.That’s a measure of our overall economic performance.The report showed that in the first few months of this year, the recession we faced when I took office was even deeper than anyone thought at the time.It told us how close we were to the edge.But it also revealed that in the last few months, the economy has done measurably better than expected.And many economists suggest that part of this progress is directly attributable to the Recovery Act.This and the other difficult but important steps that we have taken over the last six months have helped put the brakes on this recession.We took unprecedented action to stem the spread of foreclosures by helping responsible homeowners stay in their homes and pay their mortgages.We helped revive the credit markets and open up loans for families and small businesses.And we enacted a Recovery Act that put tax cuts directly into the pockets of middle-class families and small businesses;extended unemployment insurance and health insurance for folks who have lost jobs;provided relief to struggling states to prevent layoffs of teachers and police officers;and made investments that are putting people back to work rebuilding and renovating roads, bridges, schools, and hospitals.Now, I realize that none of this is much comfort for Americans who are still out of work or struggling to make ends meet.And when we receive our monthly job report next week, it is likely to show that we are continuing to lose far too many jobs in this country.As far as I’m concerned, we will not have a recovery as long as we keep losing jobs.And I won’t rest until every American who wants a job can find one.But history shows that you need to have economic growth before you have job growth.And the report yesterday on our economy is an important sign that we’re headed in the right direction.Business investment, which had been plummeting in the past few months, is showing signs of stabilizing.This means that eventually, businesses will start growing and hiring again.And that’s when it will really feel like a recovery to the American people.This won’t happen overnight.As I’ve said before, it will take many more months to fully dig ourselves out of a recession – a recession that we’ve now learned was even deeper than anyone thought.But I’ll continue to work every day, and take every step necessary, to make sure that happens.I also want to make sure that we don’t return to an economy where our growth is based on inflated profits and maxed-out credit cards – because that doesn’t create a lot of jobs.Even as we rescue this economy, we must work to rebuild it stronger than before.We’ve got to build a new foundation strong enough to withstand future economic storms and support lasting prosperity.Next week, I’ll be talking about that new foundation when I head to Elkhart County in Indiana – a city hard hit not only by the economic crisis of recent months but by the broader economic changes of recent decades.For communities like Elkhart to thrive, we need to recapture the spirit of innovation that has always moved America forward.That means once again having the best-educated, highest skilled workforce in the world.That means a health care system that makes it possible for entrepreneurs to innovate and businesses to compete without being saddled with skyrocketing insurance costs.That means leading the world in building a new clean energy economy with the potential to unleash a wave of innovation – and economic growth – while ending our dependence on foreign oil.And that means investing in the research and development that will produce the technologies of the future – which in turn will help create the industries and jobs of the future.Innovation has been essential to our prosperity in the past, and it will be essential to our prosperity in the future.But it is only by building a new foundation that we will once again harness that incredible generative capacity of the American people.All it takes are the policies to tap that potential – to ignite that spark of creativity and ingenuity – which has always been at the heart of who we are and how we succeed.At a time when folks are experiencing real hardship, after years in which we have seen so many fail to take responsibility for our collective future, it’s important to keep our eyes fixed on that horizon.Every day, I hear from Americans who are feeling firsthand the pain of this recession;these are folks who share their stories with me in letters and at town hall meetings;folks who remain in my mind and on my agenda each and every day.I know that there are countless families and businesses struggling to just hang on until this storm passes.But I also know that if we do the things we know we must, this storm will pass.And it will yield to a brighter day.

6.奥巴马每周演讲稿 篇六

WASHINGTON, DC—In this week’s address, President Obama marked the eleventh anniversary of the September 11th attacks by remembering the innocent lives lost, and honoring the first responders and men and women in uniform who have served and sacrificed to keep our country safe.In the difficult years following the attacks, the United States has come back stronger as a nation, decimated the leadership of al-Qaeda, ensured that Osama bin Laden will never attack America again, and strengthened our alliances across the world.Looking forward, we will continue to demonstrate that the legacy of 9/11 is that no adversary or act of terrorism can change who we are as Americans, and that we will always come together to preserve and protect the country we love.华盛顿：在本周的讲话中，奥巴马总统强调在9·11袭击十一周年纪念日，我们要怀念那些失去的亲人们，并向那些为为国服役甚至牺牲生命来保护我们国家安宁的男女战士们致敬。经历袭击之后的艰难岁月，美国又重新变得比以前更加强大，我们摧毁了基地组织的领导机构，让乌萨马·本拉登再也没有机会来袭击美国，我们巩固了与世界各地盟友间的关系。展望未来，我们将继续向世人证明9·11留给我们的精神遗产，那就是任何敌人或恐怖袭击都不能改变我们作为美国人、永远都会团结一致来珍惜和保卫我们所深爱着的国家。

This week, we mark the eleventh anniversary of the September 11th attacks.It’s a time to remember the nearly 3,000 innocent men, women and children we lost, and the families they left behind.It’s a chance to honor the courage of the first responders who risked their lives – on that day, and every day since.And it’s an opportunity to give thanks for our men and women in uniform who have served and sacrificed, sometimes far from home, to keep our country safe.这个星期我们要纪念9·11袭击11周年。这是我们共同缅怀在袭击中逝去的将近3000名无辜男女以及儿童，记挂他们留下的家人的时刻。这是我们向当时、以及从那天开始，充满冒着生命危险的勇气的应急人员表示敬意的机会。这也是我们向远离故土为国服役甚至做出牺牲，保家卫国的男女指战员们表达谢意的时机。

This anniversary is about them.It’s also a time to reflect on just how far we’ve come as a nation these past eleven years.这是为了他们的纪念日。这也是反思我们整个民族如何在过去的11年里团结一致的时机。

On that clear September morning, as America watched the towers fall, and the Pentagon burn, and the wreckage smoldering in a Pennsylvania field, we were filled with questions.Where had the attacks come from, and how would America respond? Would they fundamentally weaken the country we love? Would they change who we are?

在那个九月的早晨，当看到倒下的世贸大厦，被重创的五角大楼以及在宾夕法尼亚的原野里熊熊燃烧的飞机残骸，我们充满了疑问。这场袭击从何而来，美国应该作何应对？他们是否会动摇我们所深爱着的国家的根基？他们会改变我们的生活吗？

The last decade has been a difficult one, but together, we have answered those questions and come back stronger as a nation.过去的十年很艰难，但我们一起很好的回答了这些问题，并且我们变得比以前更加强大。

We took the fight to al Qaeda, decimated their leadership, and put them on a path to defeat.And thanks to the courage and skill of our intelligence personnel and armed forces, Osama bin Laden will never threaten America again.我们打击了基地组织，摧毁了他们的领导机构，送他们走上了不归之路。感谢我们勇猛和训练有素的情报人员和军队武装人员，是他们让乌萨马·本拉登再也没有机会来威胁美国。

Instead of pulling back from the world, we’ve strengthened our alliances while improving our security here at home.As Americans, we refuse to live in fear.Today, a new tower rises above the New York skyline.And our country is stronger, safer and more respected in the world.我们不但没有脱离世界，在改善国内安全形势的同时我们还巩固了与盟友的关系。作为美国人，我们拒绝生活在恐惧之中。今天，―新的世贸大厦‖又在纽约直冲天际。我们的国家也变得更加强大，更加安全，并得到全世界更多的尊重。

Instead of turning on each other, we’ve resisted the temptation to give in to mistrust and suspicion.I have always said that America is at war with al Qaeda and its affiliates – and we will never be at war with Islam or any other religion.We are the United States of America.Our freedom and diversity make us unique, and they will always be central to who we are as a nation.我们抵挡住了各种诱惑不向怀疑和猜忌屈服，彼此之间不离不弃。我总是在说，尽管美国与基地组织及其同伙交战，但我们永远都不会与伊斯兰教或其他任何宗教信仰为敌。这里是美利坚合众国。正是自由和多样性让我们与众不同，这是我们作为一个国家永远的核心精神。

Instead of changing who we are, the attacks have brought out the best in the American people.More than 5 million members of the 9/11 Generation have worn America’s uniform over the past decade, and we’ve seen an outpouring of goodwill towards our military, veterans, and their families.Together, they’ve done everything we’ve asked of them.We’ve ended the war in Iraq and brought our troops home.We brought an end to the Taliban regime.We’ve trained Afghan Security Forces, and forged a partnership with a new Afghan Government.And by the end 2014, the transition in Afghanistan will be complete and our war there will be over.袭击不但没有改变我们的性格，相反让美国人民最美好的一面展现出来。过去的十年里，后911的一代人有超过500万人穿上军装接受国防训练，我们看到人们对军队、退伍军人以及他们的家人流露出的良好祝愿。他们已经做好了我们期望他们做的所有事情。我们已经结束了在伊拉克的战事，部队也已经返回国内。我们终结了塔利班政权。我们为阿富汗训练了安全保卫部队，与新的阿富汗政府建立了良好的伙伴关系。到2014年底，从阿富汗的撤军工作将全部完成，我们在那里的战事也将结束。

And finally, instead of turning inward with grief, we’ve honored the memory of those we lost by giving back to our communities, serving those in need, and reaffirming the values at the heart of who we are as a people.That’s why we mark September 11th as a National Day of Service and Remembrance.Because we are one American family.And we look out for each other – not just on the difficult days, but every day.最后，我们要化悲痛为力量，用回馈社会的方式来怀念我们所失去的人们，为需要帮助的人服务，再次在我们内心树立我们作为一个民族的价值观。这也是我们将9月11日定为―全国服务和纪念日‖的原因所在。因为我们属于同一个美国大家庭。我们彼此照料，不仅仅是在困难时期，每一天都是如此。

7.论奥巴马获胜演讲的文体特点 篇七

1 文体学与圣经文体

文体学是一门研究文体体裁特征、本质及规律,介于语言学、文艺学、美学、心理学等学科之间,方兴未艾的综合性边缘学科。它是一门综合文体和语言学的交叉学科。简单地说,文体学就是运用语言学的理论去阐释文学内容和写作风格的一门学科。当然,语言学家对它的定义还存不少争议。

美国是一个受宗教影响深远的国家,多数人信奉基督教。据说,美国每个家庭都有一部《圣经》。因此,《圣经》对美国文化的影响极为深远。这篇演讲稿很明显也受到《圣经》影响,具备了圣经文体的一些特征。《圣经》是对上帝表达敬意的文本,在语言上有以下几个特点:1)用词典雅、具体,较少使用粗俗、抽象的词语。2)格律平整,韵调和谐,轻重音均匀分布,对称结构多(陈华国等,2006);3)段落多而简洁;4)句子结构简单、完整,多用连词,少用缩略式;5)大量使用修辞手段。

许多美国总统的就职演说也使用了圣经文体,如1961年肯尼迪就职演说等。下面就用词、音韵、句子结构、修辞等方面来解读这篇演讲稿。

2 奥巴马获胜演讲的文体特点

2.1 用词

2.1.1 该演讲稿较少使用大词

传统上我们把包含六个及以上字母或三个及以上音节的单词称为大词(big word),奥巴马在这篇演讲中用了约410个大词,占总数的21%,低于美国总统获胜演讲27.7%的平均量,可以看出奥巴马的这篇演讲用词具有较为大众化、平民化的特征,如“puppy”一词等(曾亚平等,2009)。这与奥巴马的支持者大多来自美国中下层有关。

2.1.2 该演讲稿多用名词,少用形容词

奥巴马在演讲中共有94个形容词,仅占总词数的4.8%,远低于美国总统的平均7.4%的形容词使用量。他尽量避免使用形容词,多用名词代替,使演讲显得更客观、公正。

2.1.3 该演讲稿多用人称代词

人称代词在英语政治演讲中应用十分广泛,下面是人称代词在这篇演讲稿中的统计表。

从表1可以看出:第一人称使用率达63.8%,加上“we”与“I”的成功置换,奥巴马巧妙地拉近了自己与听众之间的距离,使听众有一种亲切感。例如:

We are,and always will be,the United States of America.

2.1.4 多用情态动词

情态动词表可能、推测、必然等,它的恰当使用,可以准确表达演说者的态度与决心。下面是情态动词在该篇的统计表。

以上数据表明,奥巴马更多地使用了语气中等及柔和的情态动词,可以避免把事情绝对化,使演讲内容更容易为受众接受。全文奥巴马只用了三个“must”这种强烈的情态动词,旨在强调当触及美国利益时,美国是不会妥协的,显示了美国强悍的一面。

2.2 格律平整,注重押韵

奥巴马善于利用英语抑扬顿挫的节奏规律,在选词造句上注重把重读音节和非重读音节安排在适当的位置,从而使演讲听起来节奏感明显,富有感染力。如:

To put our people back to work and open doors of opportunityfor our kids;to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace.

句中“put,back,work,open,opportunity,kids,restore prosperity,promote,peace”都是重读单词,而“to,people,our door,for,cause”都是非重读单词,这样重读与非重读单词交叉点缀,听起来韵味十足,流畅痛快。

同时,奥巴马在演讲中长短句交替使用,避免了单调与乏味。能紧扣听众心弦。加上他演讲时发音准确,声音洪亮,语速缓慢,不时还停下来与听众互动,收到了很好的交流效果。

2.3 句法特点

句子长度方面。奥巴马获胜演讲总词数约为2050个,总句数为78句,平均句长为25个词,与演讲的平均句长17.8词/句相比,多出了7.2个词,超过了美国总统就职演说的平均句长19.2词/句。因此,这篇演讲具有较明显的书面语特征(王保令等,2009)。

句子按语义核心在句子所处的位置,可分为圆周句(periodical sentence)和松散句(loose sentence)。其中,圆周句是一种较正式的书面句型。其特点是将句子的次要成分提前,主要成分置后,以增加悬念,吸引听众或读者注意力。奥巴马第一句就使用了圆周句。

If there is anyone out there who…;who…;who…;tonight is your answer.

“Tonight is your answer”是句子的核心,却放在句末,起到了制造悬念,吸引听众注意力的作用。

句子按交际功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四大类。

奥巴马在这篇演讲以陈述句为主,一方面对人们关心的问题作出承诺。另一方面也告诉人们;前进的道路上既有希望,也充满困难,反映了他理性、务实的一面。例如:

I promise you—we as a people will get there.The road ahead will be long.Our climb will be steep.

文中祈使句只用了五次,都采用了“let us”的形式,具有很强的气势。

3 修辞手段的广泛运用

大量使用修辞手法(特别是排比、比喻等手法)也是圣经文体的一大特色。它能帮助演讲者将所表达的内容说得生动、具体、形象,具有感染力和号召力。本篇演讲稿也大量使用了排比、反复、借代、对比、对照、暗喻、头韵、引用等修辞手法。

3.1 排比(Parallelism)

排比是把结构相同或相似、意义相关、语气一致的几个词组或句子并列使用的一种修辞手法。例如:

There is new energy to harness and new jobs to be created;new schools to build and threats to meet and alliances to repair.

奥巴马这篇演讲中使用排比句达十多处,有一种由浅入深,层层推进,高潮迭起,极富感召力的气势。

3.2 反复(Repetition)

反复指的是同一语言结构(词语或句子)在话语中重复出现的一种语言现象。通过反复不仅可以使语言具有强烈的节奏感,还能引起听众注意,留下深刻的印象。(胡壮麟,2000)例如:

It’s the answer…It is the answer…It’s the answer…

奥巴马在演讲中五次使用了“Let us”,六次使用了“change”一词,七次使用了“Yes,we can”,表明了奥巴马变革的信心和决心。

3.3 对照(Contrast)

“Contrast”即汉语的“对照”,就是把两个相反的事物或一件事物的正反两方面放在一起,在比较和衬托中突出不同事物的矛盾性。例如:

It’s the answer spoken by young and old,rich and poor,Democrat and Republican…

对照使两相反的事物放在一起,以突出区别,给人以深刻的印象。

3.4 对比(Antithesis)

Antithesis即“anti+thesis”(相反+命题)。通常指汉语的“对比”,是把两种相反或相对的事物,或者同一事物相反或相对的两个方面放在一起,互相比较,使事物的特征、性质、状态更加突出。(吕煦,2004)例如:

To those who would tear this world down;we will defeat you.To those who seek peace and security;we support you.

奥巴马在此鲜明地表达了对和平和恐怖的两种态度,用词简洁,对照鲜明,语义强烈。

3.5 借代(Metonymy)

借代就是“换一个说法”,它不直接说出某人或某事物的名称,而是借用与其密切相关的名称或其本身的某些属性来称代。例如:

Tonight is your answer.

这里Tonight指“今晚选举的结果”。借代的使用达到了简洁、新鲜、活泼、委婉等艺术效果。

3.6 暗喻(Metaphor)

暗喻作为一种非常重要的修辞手段,是将两种本质不同的事物进行比较,从而突出其共性的手法。(秦秀白,2002)例如:

The road ahead will be long.Our climb will be steep.

这里“the road”指“变革的道路”,而“our climb”指“变革的进程”。暗喻的使用,使变革变得更加显懂,更易为听众所接受。

3.7 引用(Allusion)

引用一词在《新英汉词典》译为“暗指”,有的词典还译作“引用”、“典故”等,它通常用众所周知的人或事以一种随意、简洁或间接的方式表现出来。例如:

A man touched down on the moon,a wall came down in Berlin.

句中所提到的这两件事分别指代了当今世界两大主题,即和平与发展,反映了奥巴马作为美国总统对世界格局的关注(郭瑞等,2009)。

3.8 头韵(Alliteration)

头韵是指一组词、一句话或一行诗中重复出现开头音相同的单词。(黄任,1998)例如:

A new spirit of service,a new spirit of sacrifice.

奥巴马在演讲中11次使用了头韵,具有音韵美和整体美,富有很强的表现力和感染力,便于记忆。

4 结束语

奥巴马获胜演讲内容结构清晰,大致框架为:竞选的意义→致谢的艺术→变革的决心→美好的愿望。这篇演讲稿内涵深刻,充满激情,富于鼓动性,气势磅礴,语言优美,文体丰富,具有较明显的圣经文体的风格。同时,奥巴马还非常善于使用非言语交际手段,利用眼神、手势,面部表情等身体语言,展现了他的个人风采,这篇演讲稿不愧为成功演讲的经典范例。

摘要：该文在介绍圣经文体特点的基础上,对美国第56届总统奥巴马的竞选获胜演讲稿的文体特点从四个方面进行了分析,即用词、音韵、句子结构和修辞手法的运用。最后指出:这些文体特点令该演讲稿极具感染力。

关键词：获胜演讲,圣经文体,用词,修辞

参考文献

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8.奥巴马每周演讲稿 篇八

奥巴马7月14日来到弗吉尼亚州府里士满附近一个小镇上发表演讲时遭遇暴雨，但始终无人为他撑伞。

被弃孤儿回乡寻妈

7月16日，来自美国的玛丽莲和其9岁养女Madison来到安徽淮南寻亲，出生于2003年6月的Madison四个月大的时候被遗弃在淮南三和乡老乡政府门前的老井边，经诊断患有先天心脏病，后被送至合肥市儿童福利院。2005年9月，玛丽莲一家收养了她并将到带到美国生活。

巢湖蓝藻

7月23日，安徽巢湖，一名工人正常打捞蓝藻。

郭金龙为遇难者致哀

7月27日，在北京市房山区十渡镇前头港村，中共北京市委书记郭金龙，代市长王安顺等市领导为遇难者致哀。

印度农民 原始耕种

7月11日，印度距艾哈迈达巴德70公里远的地方，农民们正在犁地，准备播种棉花籽。

沙发“皮划艇”

7月24日，长江今年最大洪峰，186.7米洪峰抵达重庆，重庆城区许多街道被淹没。7月25日，洪峰逐渐退去，在长滨公园路段，漂浮在水中的沙发被一位市民当成皮划艇。

球员挡雨 天灾无情人有情

7月21日，北京，2012中超第18轮北京国安VS杭州绿城。徐云龙和侯森为小球员挡雨。21日，北京遭遇61年来最强降雨，北京城区和部分郊区受灾严重。一场暴雨，也是一场人性的洗礼。

天价紫薇树“集体死亡”

7月16日，安徽合肥，98棵从越南引进的天价紫薇树被专家宣告“集体死亡”。这些紫薇树每株约40万元。

菲律宾警察殴打抗议者

7月23日，菲律宾马尼拉，反政府抗议者举行了示威游行，反对总统阿基诺发表的国情咨文。游行中，警察用木棍殴打一名抗议者。阿基诺在国情咨文中称将扩充军备，提高军力。

家属跪地致谢

7月18日，北京昌平，落水女子王飞飞的家人到张洪健家跪地致谢。7月15日，北京昌平区马池口镇横桥村附近运河内，王飞飞不慎落水，张洪健跳河救人，两人均不幸身亡。

“武汉东湖节”跳湖表演

7月9日，首届武汉东湖节在东湖半侧山附近的亲水平台上盛大上演。年轻的攀爬车和自行车极限运动爱好者参与了这次的跳湖活动。

刚果走难木自行车

7月24日，刚果军方与M23组织爆发新一轮冲突，当地人骑着木自行车带着全部家当逃离。

武警反恐分队擒拿格斗训练

7月18日，武警安徽总队滁州支队反恐分队官兵正在进行擒拿格斗训练。

小贩熊抱城管队员

7月19日，陕西城固县城管局的城管队员戴着墨镜，时而抽烟时而打电话。脚下的小贩抱着他的大腿，称此前摆摊被城管没收了秤并遭殴打。对此，城管局否认打人，并责令当事队员停职反省。对于网传图片，城管局推测此事是“一次有预谋、有策划的行动”。

腹吸脸盆 悬空而挂

7月21日，提起铁匠阿七，嘉兴桐乡市梧桐街道无人不知，无人不晓。138斤的他腹吸脸盆，悬空而挂，还可拉动一辆小轿车。

以色列抗议者自焚

7月14日晚，以色列特拉维夫数千民众集会，纪念争取社会改革示威活动爆发一周年，抗议房价高、工资低等社会问题。期间一名年约40岁的男子突然自焚，皮肤严重烧伤送院。

水泥小尖块防流浪汉睡觉

7月，广州和深圳等多地天桥底出现新“景观”，一枚枚金字塔形的水泥小尖块遍布桥底。有网友说这是城管为防流浪汉睡觉影响市容而建，不过城管对此否认。

启东百姓请愿反对日资纸厂

内地近期大规模民众骚乱和抗争事件此起彼落，继四川什邡月初骚乱后，7月27日，江苏南通启东市亦发生大规模示威，十万人包围市政府，高呼反腐和反日口号，抗议一间日资大型造纸厂在当地临近海域设置排污口，污水危及民众安全。事件演变成骚乱，大批民众冲入市政府大楼捣乱，推翻警车和官员座驾泄愤。启东市长一度被民众扣留，市委书记更被剥光猪，要警察保护仓皇逃跑。最终当局宣布永久取消该排污工程，才暂时平息事件。

六公斤黄金蛇亮相沈阳珠宝展

7月27日，一对6公斤重的黄金蛇亮相2012中国沈阳国际珠宝展，该作品以蛇为设计主体，采用国家非物质文化遗产“花丝”工艺，历时数月手工制作而成。

沙暴席卷美国凤凰城

7月21日，哈布沙暴席卷美国凤凰城，碧蓝的天空顿时变成了暗红色。据悉，哈布沙暴在阿拉伯语中是大规模沙尘暴的意思。

天津积水严重 小孩街道划“船”

7月26日，天津遭遇暴雨袭击，城区积水严重，孩子在街道上划船，母亲一旁用DV记录。

6月7日，朝鲜劳动党第一书记、朝鲜国防委员会第一委员长金正恩与朝鲜少年团创立66周年庆祝活动的代表们一起合影留念。

世纪合照：昂山素姬、昂山素姬儿子、杨紫琼

超强台风之下，澳门海名居和环宇天下几十户业主玻璃被吹破，居民无处投诉。

7月26日，美国纽约州东部城市埃尔迈拉，一名女子在被吹倒的大树前留影。