大学英语实用翻译课后部分题

大学英语实用翻译课后部分题（共8篇）

1.大学英语实用翻译课后部分题 篇一

《综合教程 2》翻译部分参考译文：

Unit 1 1.那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进技术，令观众仿佛身临其境。(illusion)Thanks to modern technology, the film about that ancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves.2.在那场大火中，整个古城毁于一旦，但是这块石碑却幸运地保存下来。(devastate)That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone tablet survived.3.他们看了那段录像，听了那位妇女的讲述，心里充满了对那位地震孤儿的同情。

The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake.4.那场大地震中，我们听到太多太多教师的事迹，他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生，献出了自己的生命。(leave behind)In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives.5.豫园的建造始于1558年，但由于资金短缺时建时停，1578年才建成。

The construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money.6.1980年我遇到她时，她刚从国外读完硕士回来。(meet up with)In 1980, when I met up with her, she had just returned from abroad with a master’s degree.7.这是我第一次来纽约，但我还是设法找到了那家小公司。

It was my first visit to New York, but I managed to find my way to the little firm.8.在电影界要达到顶峰是非常困难的，但是作为一名导演谢晋做到了。

It is hard to make it to the top in the movie industry, but as a director, Xie Jin did it.Unit 2 1.如今很多爱慕虚荣的年轻人，尽管还不富裕，但却已经迷上了漂亮的小汽车。（vain, be obsessed with）

Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not yet rich enough to afford them.2．当他的婚外恋被妻子发现后，他们的婚姻终于破裂了。

Their marriage finally fell apart when his affair with another woman was found out by his wife.3.那位艺术家为了获得创作的灵感，在农村住了三年，放弃了生活上的许多享受。

For artistic inspiration, the artist lived in the country for three years, where he denied himself many comforts of life.4.我不知道明天去崇明岛的远足活动能不能成行，因为这要取决于会不会下雨。

I’m not sure if we can have the excursion to Chongming Island tomorrow.It is at the mercy of the weather.5.他早年到日本学医，回国后却改变了主意，一辈子从事文学创作。

When he was young, he went to Japan to learn medicine, but after he returned to China he changed his mind and pursued a career as a writer all his life.6.她最近和一个足以做她父亲的老头好上了，这使她父母感到非常丢脸。（take up with）She’s taken up with a man old enough to be her father, which is a disgrace to her parents.7.1978年以来，我国经济发展迅速，相比之下，一些发达国家反而滑坡了。（witness）

Since 1978, our economy has witnessed a rapid development;in contrast that of some developed countries have declined.8.地震切断了这个城市和外界的联系，人们的食品也许捱不过冬天了。（hold out）

The earthquake isolated this city from other areas.I’m afraid their food supplies will not hold out through the winter.Unit 3 1.那些粉丝在雨中苦苦等了足足两个小时，这位“超女”才到达。（show up）

The fans waited anxiously in the rain for two hours before the “super girl” finally showed up.2．他们恋爱八年，经历了种种苦难，才终成良缘。（go through）

They have been in love for eight years, and they went through many agonies before they finally got married.3.我丢了钱包，非常懊丧，但我只能自我安慰—事情有可能更糟呢。要是在机场丢了护照怎么办？

I was upset by the loss of my wallet, but I could only console myself—it could have been worse.What if I had lost my passport at the airport? 4.考虑到他年纪小，没经验，他在第一部电影中的表现可以说非常优秀了。

Given his age and inexperience(given that he was young and inexperienced), his performance in his first movie was excellent.5.经理每次出差都授权助理代理他的事务，因为公司的业务不容许拖延。（authorize）

Every time he leaves on business, the manager will authorize his assistant to act for him, as the business of the company cannot wait.6.这位老人很穷，吃的并不好，但是身体很硬朗，因为他相信多多锻炼是有好处的。

The poor old man did not have much to eat, but he kept healthy because he believed in the benefit of doing exercise.7.在所有古代文明中，只有中华文明历经岁月的沧桑，却依旧保持着充分的活力.Of all the ancient civilizations, only that of China has endured through the ages and still full of vitality.8.和许多其他作家一样，这位青年作家主要写爱情这个永恒的主题，他的出众之处在于他对中国农村生活的深刻体验。（set apart）

Like many other writers, this young writer focuses on the eternal theme of love.What sets him apart from others is his keen observation of rural life in China.Unit 4 1.儿童有成人陪同便可以在这里游泳。

Children may swim here provided that they are companied by adults.2.这位美国记者因其关于中国的言论而大出洋相，因为他对三十年来中国发生的一切真的是孤陋寡闻了。

This American journalist made a fool of himself over his remarks about China, because he’s been out of touch with what has been happening in the country in the past three decades.3.任何人，不论家庭出身、性别和年龄，都有受教育的权利。

Every person has the right to education, regardless of his or her family background, sex and age.4.因特网的发明尽管造成了一些问题，但是却极大地方便了我们生活中几乎所有方面，包括教育、医疗和贸易等。(facilitate)

The invention of the Internet, despite the fact that it has given rise to some problems, has greatly facilitated almost every aspect of our life, including education, medicine, and business.5.您计划出国度假的时候，千万不要忽略购买旅行保险；否则万一发生什么意外，您也许会有很大的麻烦。(overlook)Never overlook your travel insurance when you are planning to spend your holiday abroad;otherwise you might find yourself in great trouble if any accident should occur.6.在那部电影里，那个亿万富翁面临着两难选择——和妻子离婚，让她分走他半个金融帝国，或者冒着被警方发现的危险把她谋杀掉。(faced with)In the movie that billionaire was faced with a dilemma — either divorce his wife, who would then carve out half of his financial empire, or murder her at the risk of being found out by the police.7.由于丈夫在金融危机中丢掉了饭碗，这对新婚夫妇不得不在许多方面节省开支，包括家具、衣服、唱片、书籍，等等。

As the husband lost his job in the financial crisis, the new couple had to cut down on a lot of things—furniture, clothes, records, books, and so on.8.三十多年前，文革刚刚结束，邓小平告诉全国人民：中国唯一的出路就是改革开放。(lie in)Over thirty years ago, right after the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping told the people that the only way out lay in reform and opening up to the outside world.Unit 5 1.这位电影演员比大多数人更愿意帮助残疾人，因为他自己十年前曾中风过。(be inclined to)This film actor is more inclined than most other people to help the handicapped because he himself suffered a stroke ten years ago.2.这位老人虽然身患风湿病，但是还是坚持每天跑步、爬山。(afflict)The old man is afflicted with rheumatism, but he still goes jogging and mountain-climbing every day.3.美国金融制度中的一些缺陷始终没有得到足够的重视，最终酿成了灾难性的后果。(lead to)Some of the flaws in the American financial system, which had never received due attention, eventually led to disastrous consequences.4.去年那家公司的股票大跌，但他坚持没有抛，现在赚了一大笔。

He held on to his shares of that company when the prices were dropping sharply last year.Now he has made a fortune.5.赶快断了这个念头吧——这个想法太疯狂，根本不值得考虑。(dismiss)Just dismiss the idea from your mind — it’s crazy and not worth thinking about at all.6.我们刚准备好去纽约度假，震惊世界的9/11事件发生了。

We were all set to leave for the holiday in New York when the 9/11 incident shook the whole world.7.如果你认为我有解决这个问题的魔方，那你一定会失望的。

If you think I have a magic formula to solve the problem, you are bound to be disillusioned.8.那家日本公司成功地打入了美国的电视市场。

That Japanese company succeeded in penetrating the US TV market.Unit 6 1.其他人在厨房里准备事物的时候，我们被要求去布置花园。（assign)We were assigned to decorate the garden while the others were preparing the food in the kitchen.2.那位年轻人在战场上意外地遇到失散已久的兄弟，惊喜不已。（out of the blue）

On the battlefield the young man was delighted to meet a long-lost brother who came out of the blue.3.谁把牛奶用完了？我咖啡里没奶可放了。（use up）Who has used up the milk? There is none to put in my coffee.4.有谣传说，博物馆里的这幅画是赝品，原画已于三年前被盗。（fake, rumour has it that …)Rumour has it that this painting is fake and that the original one was stolen three years ago.5．你单枪匹马也许不能改变什么，但是我们大家一起努力，我们国家的面貌就会大不相同。（make a difference）

One person may not be able to change much, but working together we’ll be able to make great difference to our country.6.许多入室盗窃案之所以发生，是因为主人没有采取预防措施关锁门窗。（burglary, precaution)Many burglaries took place because the owners failed to take the precaution of locking their doors and windows.7.为了避免爆发内战，这位部长飞到前线，和**分子谈判。（in an effort to）

The minister flew to the front to negotiate with the rioters in an effort to prevent a civil war.8.我看到你们在晚会上谈话，所以以为你们相互认识。（assume）

I assumed you knew each other because I saw you talking with each other at the party.Unit 7

1.他因急性阑尾炎住院治疗，结果连期末考试都没参加。(with the result that)He was hospitalized with acute appendicitis, with the result that he missed the final examination.2.前来听讲座的人远远超出原来的计划，分发给大家的讲义不够了。(go round)As many more people came to the lecture than expected, there were not enough handouts to go round.3.不管一天工作有多忙，他在睡觉前总要看一下电子信箱里有没有新邮件。（make a point of)No matter what a long day he may have, he makes a point of checking his e-mail inbox before going to bed.4.世界各国都有事业问题，但各国政府处理这个问题的方法不尽相同。(handle)Unemployment is found in all countries in the world, but governments vary in their ways to handle the problem.5.第一次来到异国的人往往会感到自己周围的一切既陌生，又有趣。(be apt to)Anyone who has come to a foreign country for the first time is apt to find everything around him both strange and interesting.6.球迷们对这场足球比赛中双方球员场上的表现都感到十分失望。（disappointed at)The football fans were very disappointed at the performance of the players of both teams.7.他的话，你得好好想一想，千万不要他说什么就信什么。(take at face value)Never take what he says at face value.Think it over yourself.8.医生的一番话消除了他对手术的恐惧感。

The doctor’s words removed his fears about the operation.Unit 8 1.经过几个月的讨价还价，这两家公司最后达成了一个解决方案，这个方案实质上就是我们最初的建议。(come up with)After months of negotiation, the two companies finally came up with a solution, which was in essence our original proposal.2.这个非洲部落的人民对月亮的崇拜，就和我们的祖先对太阳的崇拜差不多。

The people of that African tribe worship the moon in much the same way that our ancestors worshipped the sun.3.四千多年前古埃及金字塔是如何建成的至今还是个谜。有些人猜测它们是外星人建造的。(speculate)It is still a puzzle as to how the ancient Egyptian pyramids were built over 4,000 years ago.Some people speculate that they were built by supernatural beings.4.非法使用劣质建筑材料最终导致了宾馆的倒塌。(result in)The illegal use of inferior building materials eventually resulted in the collapse of the hotel.5.当前，许多国家正纷纷采取行动，缓解金融危机对经济的冲击。(take action)At present, many countries are taking action to mitigate the impact of the financial crisis on their economy.6.这对夫妇由于多年不断的争吵而最终离了婚，这种争吵其实都是因为缺乏理解引起的。The couple finally divorced after years of incessant quarrels, which had resulted from a lack of understanding.7.两国政府统一建立一条军事热线，以降低因情报失误而发生战争的危险。

The governments of the two countries agree to set up a military hotline to reduce the risk of war due to incorrect information.8.有些中国学生在美国的大学里不大成功，因为他们没能适应那里的新环境。

Some Chinese students were not very successful in American universities because they failed to adapt to the new environment there.

2.大学英语实用翻译课后部分题 篇二

Driven by a strong will , he eventually fulfilled the task he had undertaken.2、他许诺一到那儿就给我写信，但至今仍杳无音讯。

He promised to write to me as soon as he got there , but nothing has been heard if him so far.3、老板从来没有对任何员工如此满意过，这个年轻人确实是个难得的人才。

The boss has never been so pleased with any employee before.The young man is a real find.4、在医生和护士的帮助下，病人再一次站了起来，不久便重新开始工作。

With the help of the doctors and nurses , the patient was able to stand on his feet once more and soon resumed working.5、老人那张布满皱纹的脸表明了他一辈子所忍受的苦难。

The old man’s wrinkled face spoke of the hardships he had endured in his life.6、当她身体恢复了一些，她就倚在窗口，望着孩子们在草地上玩耍。

When she recovered somewhat , she leaned on the window watching the children play on the lawn.Unit 21、他没有通过考试，但是这是他自己的过错，他从来就不用功。

He failed the test but it was his own fault , he never did any work.2、她告诉我她被一个自称为银行家儿子的年轻人骗了。

She told me she had been deceived by a young man who claimed to be the son of a banker.3、玛丽离开了他的丈夫，因为她再也无法忍受他的残酷无情了。

Mary left her husband because she couldn’t stand his cruelty any longer.4、妈妈坚持的一点是，约翰必须做完作业才能看电视。

One thing that mom insisted on was that John finish his homework before watching any TV programs.5、当比尔过分痴迷于网上聊天时，事情开始变了。他不再是那个初进大学时勤奋学习的学生了。

When Bill became overly obsessed with online chatting , things began to change.No longer was he the hard working student he was when he first came to college.6、我一开始就告诉过你，网上约会与实际在一起生活根本不是一回事。

I told you from the beginning that there was a world of difference between online dating and actually living together.Unit 31、演出结束后，观众们都激动地站了起来，真挚的掌声持续了好几分钟。

After the performance , the audience all came excitedly to their feet with genuine applause that lasted for quit a few minutes.2、看见我恐慌的样子，女支持人安慰我说接下去指示我做的肯定是我做得到的。

Seeing me in panic , the hostess reassured me that what I was instructed to do next was something I was definitely capable of.3、整个下午他完全被一道分数题吸引住了，难怪他解出题目时欣喜万分。

He was completely absorbed by a fraction problem the whole afternoon.No wonder he was overjoyed when he finally worked the problem out.4、“亨利一旦沉浸到自己的思绪当中，就跟聋子差不多。”史密斯太太这样评论道。

“Once Henry is submerged in his own thoughts , he’s virtually deaf.” Thus remarked Mrs.Smith.5、你不觉得在我们还不能确定统计数字的准确性的情况下匆忙下结论是不安全的吗？

Don’t you think it’s unsafe to conclude hastily when we are not sure about the accuracy of the statistics?

6、她心神不宁地在钢琴前坐下，试着弹了一个音符。这是她第一次接触乐器。

She sat uneasily in front of the piano and ventured a note.It was her fitst time to touch a musical instrument.Unit 41、我已决定不去面试，因为招聘广告明明白白地说只有大学毕业生才有资格干这份工作。

I have decided not to go to the interview because the job advertisement has made it clear that only a college graduate is eligible for the post.2、她让儿子每天练钢琴。看来，她是铁了心要把儿子培养成钢琴家。

She makes her son practice the piano every day.It seems that she has set her heart on making a pianist of her son.3、我小的时候喜欢给妈妈跑腿。找回的零钱我可以自己留着。

When I was a child , I enjoyed doing errands for my mother.I could keep the small change.4、他的精彩表演感染了每一个观众，自始至终没有一个人发出一点声音。

His excellent performance spoke to every member of the audience.No one made any sound throughout it.5、当我最后终于有时间去医院看他时，已经为时太晚。

When I finally got around to visiting him in hospital , it was too late.6、既然他这么倔，我也不打算去说服他考虑我们的建议了。

3.大学英语实用翻译课后部分题 篇三

Ⅰ．Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.2.He assumed an air of cheerfulness, even though he lost favor with his boss.3.Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and saw a strange assortment of people

4.He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake.5.We were all greatly drawn by his frank views, humorous words and genial manner.6.After the thunderous applause died down, the Nobel Prize winner began his speech.Unit2

1.Memories of his childhood haunted him.2.More volunteers are needed to finish the exacting work.3.Housing ranks first on my list of priorities.4.Father rebuked his son for being lazy.5.In his The Way to Wealth, Franklin gave

readers many maxins on how to achieve earthly success.6.His imperious manner was more than I could bear.7.The fire devoured the forests.8.The newspaper won’t accept and deceptive advertisements.Unit3

Ⅰ.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1.You should have told me in advance that you would further your studies in America.2.He lavished too much care on his grandchildren.3.Various new technology industries have sprung up.4.Many English words derive from Latin, Greek and French words.5.A philosopher holds that contradictory oppositions are ubiquitous

6.His kindness is part and parcel of his nature.7.He is possessed of phenomenal memory and intelligence.8.He is fastidious about his food and clothes.Ⅱ.Thanslate the following passage into Chinese.Unit4

Ⅰ.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1.This company is mostly composed of young people fresh from school.2.It never occurred to me that he would ever do such a thing.3.I’ll try my best to persuade him if need be.4．It is difficult to keep track of my fellow students after graduation.5.Who is going to see to the desserts after dinner?

6.Don’t bother your boss with such trifles.7.My work was to replenish our stock time and again.8.He often clutters up his study.Unit5

１.The result surpasses their expectations.2.Ｗe should take account of the cost of the project.３．The fair weather contributed to the success of the scientific expedition.4．Renaldo, one of the football stars from Brazil, scored several spectacular goals in 2002 FIFA World Cup.５.Many honorary degrees from different colleges and universities in America were conferred upon Robert Frost for his remarkable contributions to poet.6.Patience and perseverance are required in emancipation from bad habits.7．They tried to instill such new ideas into students’ minds.８．You should demonstrate impartiality in your assessment of the employees.Unit7

4.大学英语课后翻译总结 篇四

Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill

1.led 2.Hockey 3.too much 4.that competitiveness 5.The

We have saved as a final set of emotions,1.hate 2.Because love is very complex 3.A strong positive 4.anger,jealousy 5.depend other One of the strongest reasons for the raising of the school

1.To provide children 2.misses 3.many of 4.they have 5.has not

Life really should be one long journey of joy for children who ……

1.are not 2.He is known 3.Money can give 4.wealth 5.rich parents

What you give your relatives,1.gifts can tell 2.a gift that agrees 3.gifts made by hand 4.A supportive one 5.you are more Every two weeks,a group of……

1.groups of men 2.things that could be bought 3.Fighting 4.The fighters 5.By asking The smart job-seeker needs to get rid of several standard myths,1.to get the job 2.two sides 3.it is unlikely 4.be free 5.the way

As we consider what makes one man better than the other,1.chose things 2.taking care 3.good sense 4.put good 5.applying thought

5.大学英语实用翻译课后部分题 篇五

2.为了挫败各种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态，黑人必须要直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。

3.黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。

4.必须懂得没有爱的权利是毫无节制，易被滥用的，而没有权利的爱则是多愁善感，脆弱无力的。

5.正是这种邪恶的权利和没有权势的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。

6.在本世纪之初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责，认为它对主动性和责任感起负面作用。

7.事实上，人们从事改善人类处境的工作，从事传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学财富以及升华思想的工作并不是为论文谋生。8.······它能够花费几十亿美元帮助上帝的孩子自立于这个世界。9.除非主张暴力的少数人得到大多数人的同情与支持，不和他们对抗，否则，暴力革命很少或者说几乎没有成功的。10.我们要懂得道义的苍穹长又长，但它终将落向正义。Lesson 2 Key to Explanation 1.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me the best.2.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.3.The girl was Shirley Temple-like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4.When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and so I felt scared.But at the same time I felt good, relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last.5.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self-control would collapse, and wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery and her dreams.Key to Translation A.Phrases 1.几乎不用首付现款 2.过高的希望和达不到的期盼 3.短路

4.我家起居室的唯一摆设 5.不自然的微笑 6.力气大得吓人 7.自行其是 B.Sentences 1.我的头发没有做出我要的大卷花，而是给我弄成一头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。

2.在她告诉我答案前，她对了对手中的杂志，看看赫尔辛基是否能这样发音。

3.她似乎被这音乐吸引住了，这钢琴曲不长，但有点狂乱，有着迷人的特点，乐曲一开始是快节奏的，接着是欢快跳动的节拍，然后又回到嬉戏的部分。

4.如果她的才气和她的脾气一样大，她早就出名了。

5.我最喜欢练习的部分是花哨的谢幕行礼动作：先出右脚，脚尖点在地毯的玫瑰图案上，身子侧摆，左腿弯曲，抬头，微笑。6.一股凉气从头顶开始，然后一点点传到全身，但我却不能停止演奏，双手好像着了魔似的。我不停地想，我的手指会调整好，就像火车会被扳到正确的轨道上。7.她的脸部失去了表情，嘴巴紧闭，双臂无力的垂下。她退出了房间，神色惊异，好像一小片枯黄的树叶被风吹走了，那样的单薄、脆弱、毫无生气。

8.我第一次，或好像感觉是第一次，注意到右边的乐曲，它的名称是“心满意足”。我也试着弹这首曲子。它的曲调比较轻松，但节奏同样流畅，不是很难。“祈求的孩子”较短、较慢，而“心满意足”更长、更快一些。在我弹了几遍之后，我意识到，原来这两个曲子是同一首歌的两个组成部分。Lesson 3 Key to explanation 1.Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.2.Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault”.3.…in China, the two trends of closed-door and open-door policies have long been struggling for dominance.4.The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.5.…westernization is a concept full of self-contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.6.In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you do not need to be fashionable yourself.All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant.7.He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet with people living in different time zones, thus their activities on the computer broke down time zone limits.8.The Gucci store did not expect that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai business could be so good.9.From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global cultures as globalization, to guide me through such a variety of cultural phenomena.10.The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but he strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.Key to Translation 1.我们今天正经历着一种世界范围文化剧变的阵痛，一种习俗与追求的结构性变化，用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球化”。

2.不管他们的背景和纲领如何，这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响---往往等同于美国的影响---会把所有文化上的差异一一压平，就像一位观察家所说的，最终产生一个麦当劳世界，一个充斥美国货和体现美国价值观的世界。

3.不过我也发现文化就如同构成文化的民族一样，善于随机应变，富有弹性而且不可预测。

4.现今原创极为困难。因此，最容易的办法就是把现存的东西组合在一起，拿出一个新玩意儿来。

5.26万中国妇女每个月都在阅读《时尚》杂志，那些开领低胸的画页及其他内容。

6.灯光熄灭，有一阵子，黑暗中唯一的声音就是一部价格昂贵的照相机自动倒卷时发出得到声音。

6.大学外语三单元课后题答案+作文 篇六

My husband and I were„..promised to reform.(AIECFLHNJO)The most common causes of stress..depressed as well.(IFHEJDAOBN)I was equipped for a cold..overcome those difficulties.(CIAGOKEMHN)

她爽朗的声音、欢快的曲调以及拥抱孩子嬉戏玩耍时的天真神态与孩子们的笑声融在一起，充满了整个院子。

Her chipper sound, cheerful melody and innocent manner while she was hugging and playing with her child, mixed with the laugh of her child together, filled the whole yard.马克搬进了一间新的公寓，这件公寓有四个卧室和一个公用的厨房。

Mark moved to a new flat, which had four separate bedrooms and a communal kitchen.令人警醒的是，世界上还有许多孩子十分可怜，他们极度缺乏食物和住所。

It’s sobering to consider that many children throughout the world are quite is in China, in part because of alcoholism and suicide.在正确的路上跛行胜过在错误的路上飞奔。

Better to limp on the right road than to speed on the wrong one.他们是节目制作人我们委托他们制作将要播放的节目，这些节目又会吸引观众和广告商。

They are the programme makers we commission to produce the shows that we broadcast, which in turn attract audiences and advertisers.农民可将辣椒磨成粉，将其与大象的粪便混合制成砖。

Farmers can grind pepper, mix it with the elephant waste and form bricks.新法有限制新闻自由的趋势。

Recent laws have tended to restrict the freedom of the press.天气骤然变坏，寻找伤员的工作要加紧进行。（intensify）

Efforts to reach the injured men should be The author went through ….real courage was.(GFEDAOIMJC)

My husband and I were„..promised to reform.(AIECFLHNJO)The most common causes of stress..depressed as well.(IFHEJDAOBN)I was equipped for a cold..overcome those difficulties.(CIAGOKEMHN)

她爽朗的声音、欢快的曲调以及拥抱孩子嬉戏玩耍时的天真神态与孩子们的笑声融在一起，充满了整个院子。

Her chipper sound, cheerful melody and innocent manner while she was hugging and playing with her child, mixed with the laugh of her child together, filled the whole yard.马克搬进了一间新的公寓，这件公寓有四个卧室和一个公用的厨房。

Mark moved to a new flat, which had four separate bedrooms and a communal kitchen.令人警醒的是，世界上还有许多孩子十分可怜，他们极度缺乏食物和住所。

It’s sobering to consider that many children throughout the world are quite is in China, in part because of alcoholism and suicide.在正确的路上跛行胜过在错误的路上飞奔。

Better to limp on the right road than to speed on the wrong one.他们是节目制作人我们委托他们制作将要播放的节目，这些节目又会吸引观众和广告商。

They are the programme makers we commission to produce the shows that we broadcast, which in turn attract audiences and advertisers.农民可将辣椒磨成粉，将其与大象的粪便混合制成砖。

Farmers can grind pepper, mix it with the elephant waste and form bricks.新法有限制新闻自由的趋势。

Recent laws have tended to restrict the freedom of the press.天气骤然变坏，寻找伤员的工作要加紧进行。（intensify）

Efforts to reach the injured men should be miserable---they are starved of food and shelters.有了公司其他员工的帮助，新进员工们很快的适应了那里的生活。

With the help from other staff in the company, new members quickly got accustomed to the life.作为一名有责任感的医生，他为找出拯救病人生命的好办法而竭尽全力。

AS a responsible doctor, he strained to look for a good method to save his patient.被警察询问时，杰夫极力保持冷静，沉着的回答每个问题。（composure）

Jeff tried to keep his composure and answer every question calmly when inquired by the policeman.油价不断上涨，世界各国都不同程度的受到了影响。（one way or another）

With oil prices keeping on increasing, all the countries in the world have been affected one way or another.他在会上提出了一系列可能避免环境污染的措施。（ward off）

At the meeting he proposed a series of measures that might ward off the environmental pollution.迈克向他父亲保证他一定会全身心的投入到即将到来的比赛上。(assure)

Mike assured his father that he would put his whole heart into the coming competition.一旦玛丽下定决心，就绝不会动摇。（waver）

Mary will never waver once she makes up her mind.我们需要谅解，因为我们都会犯错，都会跌倒，都会在失败后寻求他人的帮助。We all need mercy, because we all stumble and fall and ask for help from others.那次模拟考试给了他很大的打击，从那时起他完全绝望了。

That mock exam gave him a heavy blow, and he became totally desperate from then on.由于版权限制的关系，大部分视听资料只可在图书馆内使用。

Owing to copyright, we have to confine most of the audio and video materials for use in the library.考虑到被告的年龄，法院决定给他缓期处刑。

Having taken the age of the accused into consideration, the court has decided to give him a suspended sentence.他怒不可遏地站起身来，这就清楚的表明了他在这个问题上的态度。

He rose to his feet in a fury to leave no doubt about where he stood on the issue.他们的一些罪行骇人听闻，简直令人毛骨悚然。（awful）

Some of their offences are so awful that they would chill the blood.材料包括但不限于洋葱、奶酪、西红柿和黑胡椒。（include but were not limited to）The ingredients included but were not limited to onions, cheese, tomatoes and black pepper.他认为总经理如此重视那些日常琐事很荒唐。（attach to）

He considered it ridiculous for the general manager to attach so much importance to those routine trifles.我们没人打破物理定律，不然就有人获诺贝尔奖了！（or else）

We didn’t break the laws of physics, or else someone would be getting the Nobel Prize!越来越多的医学证明表明了皮肤癌与在日光下暴露皮肤的明确关联。（mounting）Mounting medical evidence showed the clear link between sun exposure and skin cancer.格陵兰的人均预期寿命要低于中国，部分原因是酗酒和自杀问题严重。

Life-expectancy in Greenland is lower than it

intensified because of the sudden deterioration in weather conditions.有些人可能沉溺于网上冲浪，这会危害他们的身心健康。（addicted to）

Some people may be addicted to net surfing, which impairs their physical and mental health.地球和它表面的一切，不管是有生命的还是没有生命的，相互作用来影响我们的生活。（exert influence on）

The Earth and everything on it, living and nonliving, interact to exert influence on the life we have.穷人和残疾人依靠政府的救济维持生计。（relief）

Needy and handicapped people depend on government relief for their support.到目前为止，还没有迹象表明人们对此品牌感到疲倦。（fatigue）

So far there is no sign of fatigue with the brand.但是你要知道，这些事情都不应使你发出“要是我曾经。该多好啊”的抱怨。他们只是到现在还没有发生的一些事情。

But you see, these aren’t things to mutter “ if only I had” about.They’re just events that haven’t happened yet.不要蔑视那个不管何时总显得快乐无忧的人，有些事情你不懂，但他懂。

Do not scorn the person who is perpetually happy.He does know something you don’t.跟她的声音比起来，她看起来更加年轻：光滑的金发，鲜红的口红，这些都很衬她。She looked younger than she had sounded: sleek and blond with bright red lipstick, which suited her.我想穿的看起来像个严肃干练的专业人士。

I want to wear something that will make me look like a no-nonsense professional.在英国，在手掌面向自己时竖起食指和中指时很不礼貌的。

It’s impolite to stick your index finger and middle finger up with the palm of your hand facing towards you in the United Kingdom.在一个没有为高温炎热做好准备的国家，这事紧急事件。（be equipped for）

In a country that is not equipped for severe heat, this is an emergency.房间里闹哄哄的，他不得不竖起耳朵来听电话。（pull one’s ear）

It was so noisy in the room that he had to pull his ears to hear the phone.这是一项令人兴奋的工作，但有几分危险。（kind of）

This is an exciting job, but kind of dangerous.很难预测这些事情的结果是什么。（turn out）

It is hard to predict how these things will turn out.谁也不知道该怎么办，即使知道也将会是摸着石头过河。（Even if..it is still）

Nobody knows how to figure them out.Even if somebody seems to know, it is still “crossing a river by feeling for the stones”.There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目__.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people hold that _ 观点一_.First，they think_原因一_.Second，they think __原因二.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that __观点二.They think _原因一_Therefore, there is no doubt that people support_观点二.As far as I am concerned, I support the view that __观点一或观点二.I think it’s beneficial for our life.miserable---they are starved of food and shelters.有了公司其他员工的帮助，新进员工们很快的适应了那里的生活。

With the help from other staff in the company, new members quickly got accustomed to the life.作为一名有责任感的医生，他为找出拯救病人生命的好办法而竭尽全力。

AS a responsible doctor, he strained to look for a good method to save his patient.被警察询问时，杰夫极力保持冷静，沉着的回答每个问题。（composure）

Jeff tried to keep his composure and answer every question calmly when inquired by the policeman.油价不断上涨，世界各国都不同程度的受到了影响。（one way or another）

With oil prices keeping on increasing, all the countries in the world have been affected one way or another.他在会上提出了一系列可能避免环境污染的措施。（ward off）

At the meeting he proposed a series of measures that might ward off the environmental pollution.迈克向他父亲保证他一定会全身心的投入到即将到来的比赛上。(assure)

Mike assured his father that he would put his whole heart into the coming competition.一旦玛丽下定决心，就绝不会动摇。（waver）

Mary will never waver once she makes up her mind.我们需要谅解，因为我们都会犯错，都会跌倒，都会在失败后寻求他人的帮助。We all need mercy, because we all stumble and fall and ask for help from others.那次模拟考试给了他很大的打击，从那时起他完全绝望了。

That mock exam gave him a heavy blow, and he became totally desperate from then on.由于版权限制的关系，大部分视听资料只可在图书馆内使用。

Owing to copyright, we have to confine most of the audio and video materials for use in the library.考虑到被告的年龄，法院决定给他缓期处刑。

Having taken the age of the accused into consideration, the court has decided to give him a suspended sentence.他怒不可遏地站起身来，这就清楚的表明了他在这个问题上的态度。

He rose to his feet in a fury to leave no doubt about where he stood on the issue.他们的一些罪行骇人听闻，简直令人毛骨悚然。（awful）

Some of their offences are so awful that they would chill the blood.材料包括但不限于洋葱、奶酪、西红柿和黑胡椒。（include but were not limited to）The ingredients included but were not limited to onions, cheese, tomatoes and black pepper.他认为总经理如此重视那些日常琐事很荒唐。（attach to）

He considered it ridiculous for the general manager to attach so much importance to those routine trifles.我们没人打破物理定律，不然就有人获诺贝尔奖了！（or else）

We didn’t break the laws of physics, or else someone would be getting the Nobel Prize!越来越多的医学证明表明了皮肤癌与在日光下暴露皮肤的明确关联。（mounting）Mounting medical evidence showed the clear link between sun exposure and skin cancer.格陵兰的人均预期寿命要低于中国，部分原因是酗酒和自杀问题严重。

Life-expectancy in Greenland is lower than it

intensified because of the sudden deterioration in weather conditions.有些人可能沉溺于网上冲浪，这会危害他们的身心健康。（addicted to）

Some people may be addicted to net surfing, which impairs their physical and mental health.地球和它表面的一切，不管是有生命的还是没有生命的，相互作用来影响我们的生活。（exert influence on）

The Earth and everything on it, living and nonliving, interact to exert influence on the life we have.穷人和残疾人依靠政府的救济维持生计。（relief）

Needy and handicapped people depend on government relief for their support.到目前为止，还没有迹象表明人们对此品牌感到疲倦。（fatigue）

So far there is no sign of fatigue with the brand.但是你要知道，这些事情都不应使你发出“要是我曾经。该多好啊”的抱怨。他们只是到现在还没有发生的一些事情。

But you see, these aren’t things to mutter “ if only I had” about.They’re just events that haven’t happened yet.不要蔑视那个不管何时总显得快乐无忧的人，有些事情你不懂，但他懂。

Do not scorn the person who is perpetually happy.He does know something you don’t.跟她的声音比起来，她看起来更加年轻：光滑的金发，鲜红的口红，这些都很衬她。She looked younger than she had sounded: sleek and blond with bright red lipstick, which suited her.我想穿的看起来像个严肃干练的专业人士。

I want to wear something that will make me look like a no-nonsense professional.在英国，在手掌面向自己时竖起食指和中指时很不礼貌的。

It’s impolite to stick your index finger and middle finger up with the palm of your hand facing towards you in the United Kingdom.在一个没有为高温炎热做好准备的国家，这事紧急事件。（be equipped for）

In a country that is not equipped for severe heat, this is an emergency.房间里闹哄哄的，他不得不竖起耳朵来听电话。（pull one’s ear）

It was so noisy in the room that he had to pull his ears to hear the phone.这是一项令人兴奋的工作，但有几分危险。（kind of）

This is an exciting job, but kind of dangerous.很难预测这些事情的结果是什么。（turn out）

It is hard to predict how these things will turn out.谁也不知道该怎么办，即使知道也将会是摸着石头过河。（Even if..it is still）

7.希望英语综合教程1课后翻译 篇七

2、那位演员在成名之前，经历了一段艰难困苦的时期The actress went through a tough period before she was well-known.3、在抄写这份文件时，注意不要漏掉任何字Remember not to leave out any words when you’re copying the file.4、大家一致认为，他的粗心大意造成了这次事故 It was agreed that his carelessness resulted in the accident.5、在冬天，天往往会黑得早一些In winter ,it tends to turn dark earlier6、汤姆汉语考试得高分是自然的事It’s natural for Tom to get high grades on the Chinese test7、他们的计划被一些突如其来的事打乱了 Their plan was upset by something unexpected.8、她的努力给老师留下了深刻的印象she impressed her teacher greatly with her hardworking9、一切都在我们的控制之中Everything is under our control10、如果不能来上课请提前请假If you don’t come to have lessons ,please ask for leave in advance.11、校长又检查了一遍教室以确保没有学生留在教室里 The headmaster check the classroom again to make sure that no students stay there.12、在登山前，小组长给大家腰上牢牢地系上了跟绳子 The group leader attaches a long rope tightly to everyone’s waist before climbing the hill.13、你为什么不参加这项极限运动呢Why not participate in the extreme sports?

14、蹦极需要极大勇气 Bungee jumping involves much courage15、亨利突然想到了一个绝妙的主意 A fantastic idea occurred to henry.16、我渴了，想喝一杯茶，你呢I’m thirsty ,so I feel like drinking a cup of tea ,what about you ?

8.大学英语实用翻译课后部分题 篇八

课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4)Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？

听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2

我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。3

为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。

甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。”

典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。6

我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。

“滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。

中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。

“俏皮话”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：“这是Wembley(温布利)吗？”“不，”第二位绅士说：“是Thursday(星期四)。”“我也是，”第三位说道，“让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。”我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley（温布利）听成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday（星期四）听成了thirsty（渴了），这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。

著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一位老师说：“你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？”那位年轻的学生回答道：“我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的名字改成自己的了。”在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里，一位生气的父亲问道：“告诉我，1加2等于几？”儿子说：“我不知道。”这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道：“比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个，傻瓜？”儿子得意地回答道：“是三个傻瓜。” 这些故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。

双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至很小的孩子也能利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人问：“什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？”另外一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：“我不猜了。是什么呀？”出谜语的人回答：“是报纸。”如果你知道在英语中“red（红色）”和“read（读）”的读音一样但意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。12

DOUBLE ENTENDRES（法语中的“一语双关”）是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重意思。两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教师对学生们说；“我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场上接吻。”听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清楚，于是补充说：“我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子下面发生接吻这样的事了。”当然，这个解释并没有纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变得更加好笑。

一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏智慧，不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有色情意味或粗俗的语言，而且觉得大多数幽默家缺乏创造性。的确，现在有些幽默令人震惊，但我认为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的，它还会继续生存下去，只因为每天都有有趣的事情发生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事情，并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故事。Vocabulary

1.1)A.entertaining

B.entertainment

C.entertained

D.entertainer

2)A.recognizable

B.recognized

C.recognition

3)A.tempting

B.temptation

C.tempt

4)A.reasoned

B.reasoning

C.reasonable

D.reason

5)A.analyzed

B.analytical

C.analyst

D.analysis 6)A.valuable

B.valuation

C.valued/values

D.values

7)A.humorist

B.humor

C.humorous

D.humorless

8)A.understandable

B.understanding

C.understand

D.misunderstood

2.1)a sense of responsibility

2)a sense of safety/security

3)a sense of inferiority

4)a sense of superiority

5)a sense of rhythm

6)a sense of justice

7)a sense of shame

8)a sense of helplessness

9)a sense of direction

10)a sense of urgency

3.1)Lively behavior is normal 2)Fast cars appeal to

3)diverse arguments

4)I asked my boss for clarification

5)sensitive to light

6)Mutual encouragement

7)made fun of him

8)persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9)to be the focus/center of attention

10)we buy our tickets in advance 4.1）certain/sure

2)involved

3)end

4)behavior

5)disciplining

6)agreed 7)individually

8)first

9)response

10)question

11)attempt

12)voice

13)directly

14)followed

15)trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量

我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州）的《企业导报》工作，当时我很少收到体育迷的来信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸引住了。2

打开来信，我看到了下面的话：“关于老虎队的述评很不错，再接再厉。”签名的是体育编辑堂?沃尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子（为每一竖栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美分），因此他的话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉里，后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起信心来。3

后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他告诉我说：“当我使别人充满信心时，我也感觉好极了。”

因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利湖那么大。去年他去世了，享年75岁。电话与悼函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励（文字）的人们。

多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话语，因为我觉得，他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。

那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避写，是因为他们太看重人们的看法。他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他们自作多情或者言不由衷。还有，写也要花时间，远不如打电话方便。7

当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。而一张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反复阅读，细细品味并珍藏起来。8

尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的人也在这么做，其中包括乔治?布什。有人说，他政治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢？在他整个职业生涯中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信，内容亲切——一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。

那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅。唐纳德?彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天写便笺鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。“我只不过匆匆地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后传递出去，”他说道。“每天最重要的一段时间，就是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。” 10

“太多的时候，”他发表自己的看法说，“那些我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们的。太多的时候，我们会以为，我并没有说过什么批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢？我们忘了，人类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上，我们靠这个取得进步，获得成功！” 11

怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢？只要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的高手都具有我所谓的 “４S”技巧。12

１）真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。

２）简短(short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。14

３）具体(specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴 “演讲精彩”太笼统含糊；告诉他“关于沃伦?巴菲特的投资策略讲得很精彩”才是一语中的。

４）自然(spontaneous)。这使得便笺充满了生气，洋溢着热情，并使读者的心灵长久地感受这种生气和热情。

当你非得到处找写信用品时，写出来的东西就难以自然，因此我总是把纸、信封和邮票放在手边，甚至在旅行时也是如此。信封信笺不需要很花哨，重要的是要表达的思想。17

那么，你周围又有谁值得你写便笺表示感谢或鼓励呢？一位邻居？为你服务的那位图书馆管理员？一位亲戚？你的市长？你的伙伴？一位教师？你的医生？你不必富有诗意。如果你需要一个写的理由，就找一个生活中的重要事件，例如你们共同参加的某个特殊事件的周年纪念日、生日或者节日。例如，过去的25年里，我总是为远方的朋友每年准备一张圣诞卡，而且常常在上面亲笔写上一句感谢或祝贺的话。鉴于圣诞节的氛围，就一年来所取得的成功与得到的好运特意表示谢忱似乎是最恰到好处的。18

不要吝啬你的赞美之言。像“最了不起的”、“最聪明的”、“最漂亮的”这种最高级的表达法——使大家都感到高兴。即使你的赞美之词稍稍超前了一点也没关系，记住，梦想的实现往往孕育于期望之中。

今天，我收到了以前的老板和精神导师诺曼?文森特?皮尔的一封温暖的赞扬信。这张小小的便笺上满是鼓舞人心的词句，这促使我坐到了打字机前来完成几封我早就该写的信。我不知道这些信会不会使别人的一天别有意义，但是，对我自己确实如此。正如我的朋友堂?沃尔夫所说的：使别人充满信心，也就使我自己感觉很好。Vocabulary 1.Creating Compound Words

STEP ONE:

Column A

Column B

The compound words created through

day

throughout up

man

upbeat, uplift draw

eared

drawback teen

ready

teenage hand

conscious

handout, handwritten birth

back

birthday, birthstone chair

distance

chairman rag

beat

rag-eared ever

lift

ever-ready over

age

overdue, overage

long

due

long-distance, long-eared self

stone

self-conscious mile

out

mileage, milestone type

wishing

typewriter, typewritten well

writer/written

well-wishing, well-written

STEP TWO:

1)long-distance

2)upbeat

3)ever-ready

4)overdue

5)typewriter

6)milestone

7)handwritten

8)uplifted

9)self-conscious

10)rag-eared 11)birthday

12)throughout

13)drawbacks

14)chairman

15)teenage

2.1)A.intrigued

v.interest

B.intrigue

n.the act or practice of secretly planning to harm someone or make them lose their position of power

2)A.straining

v.try very hard to do something using all your physical or mental strength

B.strain

n.a force that stretches, pulls or puts pressure on something

3)A.savor

n.taste;flavor

B.savored

v.enjoy the taste or flavor of;enjoy as much as you can

4)A.treasure

v.treat something as being very special, important, or valuable

B.treasure

n.a store of gold, silver, jewels, etc.5)A.credited

v.consider … as having achieved something or being the reason for it B.credit

n.trust;faith 6)A.boost

n.an encouraging act of cheering somebody up

B.boost

v.make someone feel more confident and less worried 7)A.note

n.a short, usually informal, letter

B.noted

v.notice or pay careful attention to something 8)A.signed

v.write your signature on a letter or document to show that you wrote it, agreed with it

B.sign

n.gesture used to express one’s meaning, idea, etc.9)A.totaled

v.come to a certain amount

B.total

n.the whole amount

10)A.stuffed

v.fill something with a substance

B.stuff

n.substance or material

11)A.count

n.the number that is reached when something is being counted

B.count

v.be important

12)A.last

v.manage to remain in the same situation

B.last

n.the remaining part of something

13)A.complimented

v.express praise or admiration of somebody

B.compliment

n.an expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc.14)A.flood

n.a large number or amount

B.flooding

v.arrive in large numbers

15)A.contact

n.communication with a person, organization, country, etc.B.contact

v.reach(someone)by message, telephone, etc.3.1)thrives

2)strategy

3)annual

4)deserve

5)spontaneous

6)sincere

7)investments

8)enterprise

9)follow up

10)characterized 11)lingered

12)acknowledged

4.column: 1)D

2)A

3)B

4)C

tough: 1)D

2)B

3)E

4)F

5)C

6)A 5.1)A.complementary

B.complimentary

C.complimentary complimentary: 1)expressing admiration, praise, etc.2)given free of charge complementary: making something complete or perfect;supplying what is lacking or needed for completion 2)A.stationery

B.stationary

C.stationary stationary: not moving, or not changing stationery: writing materials(e.g.paper, envelopes, etc.)3)A.typist

B.typewriter

C.typist typewriter: a machine with a keyboard that you use for typing words directly onto a sheet of paper typist: a person who types, especially one employed to do so 4)A.vulgar

B.vague

C.vague vague: 1)not clearly expressed, known, described or decided 2)not clear in shape;not clearly seen vulgar: not having or showing good taste or good manners;not educated 5)A.pad

B.pat

C.pad pad: 1)several sheets of paper fastened together, used for writing, drawing, etc.2)a piece of soft thick cloth or rubber which is used to protect a part of the body, give shape to something or clean something

6)A.own

B.owed

C.owes

D.owned owe: 1)have to pay, for something already done or given

2)feel grateful own: 1)a.belonging to oneself and to no one else 2)v.possess(something), especially by lawful right 6.1)searched

2)clever

3)solution

4)wasted

5)tolerate

6)hidden

7)dumb

8)subject

9)noise

10)extra

11)purchased

12)replaced 13)appreciation

14)hurried

15)warrant

16)strange

Unit 3 从文化角度看性别角色

在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了细微的行为举止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的烙印，成了他们性别特征的一部分。有些行为举止是直接学到的。也就是说，别人教孩子如何恰如其分地行事, 男有男的规矩, 女有女的标准。另一些跟性别有关的具体举止是无意识地或间接地学会的，因为文化为女孩子和男孩子提供的形象、向往的目标以及成人的榜样各不相同。2

例如，最近对美国公立学校的一项研究显示，在教育中存在一种男孩比女孩更受偏爱的文化偏见。据研究人员反映，这种偏爱是无意的、不知不觉的，但它确实存在，并每年都在影响着数百万计学生的生活。为了研究在教育中存在的性别偏爱，戴维?赛德克博士和迈拉?赛德克博士夫妇录制了教师在课堂上课的情形。他们的研究显示，许多自认为无性别偏爱的教师惊奇地发现，从录像带上看他们竟是那么偏心。从幼儿园到研究生课程，都可以看到教师们请男生回答问题的次数远比女生多。这对学习过程有着巨大的影响，因为总的来说，那些积极的课堂活动参与者对学习更加乐观有信心，并能在今后取得更大的成就。事实上，在20世纪60年代末期，当美国东北部多所最好的女子学院向男生开放之后，教授们和女学生们都发现男孩们正在“接管”课堂讨论，而女生积极参与的程度则明显下降。近年来，在法学院和医学院的课堂上也发现了类似的情况：与男生相比女生处于次要的地位。

赛德克夫妇所做的研究显示，教师有时候会按照固有的性别模式给女孩子和男孩子不同布置的任务，这样便不知不觉地使女孩子不能像男孩子一样积极地参与。例如，有位教师在给幼儿园的孩子上自然科学课时，不断地让小男孩去操作科学“实验”，而让女孩子只是做一些安放材料的工作。既然使用课堂材料动手操作是早期教育的一个重要方面，这些女孩子就这样被剥夺了重要的学习经历，这会影响到她们今后的整个人生。

美国教师中一个具有代表性的想法是，男孩擅长数学和自然科学，这些学科都是“难懂的”、“适合于男性的”，而女孩会在语言和阅读技能上比男孩强。这是教育中性别偏见的另一种表现。结果美国的男孩们确实在阅读上出了问题，而在数学方面女孩尽管在九岁以前一直比男孩强，但此后却落在了他们后面。这成了预言自我应验的一个例子。然而这些特征是文化造成的，而非遗传的原因。例如，在德国，读书学习都被看作是“适合于男性的”，于是在阅读上有问题的便是女孩子了。而在日本，由于早期教育似乎不分性别，女孩和男孩在阅读上就旗鼓相当。

在教育过程中对女孩和男孩的不同态度始于家庭。例如，有一项研究显示了这样一种情况：让学龄前儿童看一幢房子的图片，然后要他们说出家里允许他们走开多远，这时男孩所指的范围要比女孩大得多，女孩指出的范围很有限，而且离家很近。女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和动手能力，尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用的；对女孩灌输的结果是：对自己家外面的世界充满了恐惧，且期望别人对自己的优良品格和循规蹈矩的服从精神加以认可。这类教诲从家庭一直延续到课堂。于是，在课堂里我们常常可以看到女孩们更依赖教师，更注重作业的形式和整洁而非内容，更在乎她们所给的答案是否“正确”而不在乎智力方面的独立自主以及分析能力和创造能力的提高。教育过程占据了孩子除睡眠以外的大部分时间，社会则通过这一过程加强了它固有的价值观，并按其传统的、期望的模式造就了不同性别的人。Vocabulary

1.1)genetic

2)assign

3)noticeably

4)approved

5)Bias

6)deprived

7)constituted

8)participation

9)unintentional

10)postgraduate

2.conscious – unconscious

positive – negative

encourage – discourage

superior – inferior

directly – indirectly

biased – fair

sexist –

nonsexist

limited – unlimited

dependent – independent

appropriately – inappropriately

3.1)C

2)D

3)A

4)E

5)B

6)C

7)F

8)B 4.1)turn out

2)carry over

3)calling on

4)put away

5)fallen behind

6)take over Unit 4 关于创造力的培养——鼓励孩子思考

教育界和商业界的专家们说, 具有创造性是通向光明前程的关键。本文将介绍一下学校和家长如何才能鼓励孩子发展这一至关重要的能力。

如果1925年迪克?德鲁听从了他老板的意见，也许我们就不会有遮护胶带这种用品

了。现在我们几乎离不开它。德鲁当时就职于“明尼苏达制造和矿业公司”，通常称为3M公司。在工作中，他研制了一种用于胶带有黏性那面的物质，黏性很强，能使物体粘在一起。但是老板却不让他做进一步的研究。最后德鲁只好利用自己的时间改进了这种胶带。这种胶带现已被人们广泛使用。而他原来工作过的3M公司也从自己的失误中吸取了教训：现在该公司鼓励员工抽出15%的工作时间专门用来开动脑筋搞创新。

现在这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用，而且全国各地的专家认为，对待孩子也应仿效这种做法，无论是在家里还是在学校。他们认为，如果我们教育孩子进行创造性思维，他们就能在明天的社会中更好地发挥作用。

受益于创造性的不只限于音乐和艺术领域。能取得成功的学生和成人都是那些会寻求各种办法解决问题的人。

创造性并非与生俱来，也不一定就是高智慧的特征。一个人智力高并不意味着他必然能创造性地发挥才智。创造性是指能利用已有的资源想出新点子，而这些点子有助于解决某方面的问题。

遗憾的是，学校还没有想到要促使学生发挥创造性。许多教育者十分看重考试分数，强调阅读、写作和数学能力，往往因追求正确的答案而牺牲了对创造性的培养。其结果是，孩子们能够反馈所学的知识，却不知道如何灵活地应用知识。比如，他们可能熟记乘法表，却不会用它来解决数学应用题。

然而，在有些学校里，教育者们正逐渐认识到这一问题，并致力于研究能启发学生创造性的新的教学方法。一些教师把基础知识和要求学生发挥想象力的活动结合起来。比如，教师不再简单地问学生哥伦布何时发现了新大陆，他们可能让学生思考如果哥伦布首先到达的不是加勒比地区而是纽约，情况会是如何。要回答这一问题，学生必须应用自己掌握的关于哥伦布、纽约和加勒比地区的知识。教师们认为即便学生的回答会很可笑，也毫无关系，这也许是通向创造性的重要一步。专家认为，在课堂以及在家里，必须允许孩子们有些荒唐的念头。家长和教师们则有责任和孩子共同努力，使那些念头成为切实可行的建议。最好的办法是通过提问来鼓励孩子，同时对他们的想法和新点子表示赞赏。专家认为必须创造一个可以自由发挥创造力的氛围，一个尊重和赞赏而不是鄙视或不理会荒诞想法的环境。

在家里，家长可以做一些鼓励孩子发挥创造力的事情。如果遇到合适的问题，家长可以就该问题征求孩子的意见，让他们参与决策。家长可以帮助孩子了解不同的决策将会带来的各种后果。家长还应鼓励孩子大声谈论他们正在做的事情。思维能力和语言能力是紧密相关的。大声地谈论有助于提高语言能力和思维能力。

具有幽默感对于开发孩子的创造力也非常重要。当家长表现出幽默时，孩子们就看到了最地道的创造性。从本质上看，幽默跨越了常规界限，打破了固有模式。要创造往往也得如此。

给孩子一些选择的余地也很重要。应该允许孩子自己做决定并清楚其后果，要让孩子从尽可能早的年龄开始这样做。做决定有助于培养思维能力，即便只是在午餐的两种食物的选择上做决定也行。随着孩子慢慢长大，家长应让孩子自己做主支配时间或金钱；当他们作出错误的决定时，不要不假思索地给予过多的帮助。这种做法可能会使孩子迷惑不解，但这没有关系。因为富有创造力的人有很强的动力，使他们能够从混乱中创造秩序。这是他们的一个最重要的特点。Vocabulary

1.1)confused, confusion

2)intelligence, intelligent

3)humorous, humor

4)strategy, strategic

5)motivated, motivation

6)combination, combined

7)creation, creative

8)pursuit, pursuing

9)multiplication, multiply

10)employ, employment

2.1)perfected

2)approaching

3)value

4)functions

5)approach

6)perfect

7)honor

8)function

9)honor

10)value 3.1)dismiss

2)consequences

3)promoting

4)applies

5)vital

6)scorned

7)conventional

8)original

4.1)consciously

2)innovative

3)unconsciously

4)determines

5)Imagination 6)aware

7)control

8)created

9)extension

10)technique

11)vulnerable

12)unfolding

13)joyful

14)gain

15)Apply Unit 6 风险与你

在说不定的某个时候，我们大家都曾充当过疑病症患者的角色,只凭一些轻微的症状便怀疑自己得了某种可怕的病。有的人只要一听说一种新的疾病，就会去检查，看自己是否可能患了这种病。然而，对疾病的恐惧并非我们唯一的恐惧。同样，患病的危险也并非我们唯一会遇上的危险。现代生活中充满了各种各样的威胁，诸如对我们生命的威胁，对我们平和心境的威胁，对我们家人的威胁，对我们未来的威胁。从而产生了好些问题，我们不得不问自己：我买的食品安全吗？给孩子们的玩具会伤害他们吗？我们家的人是不是不该吃熏肉？我度假时会不会遭抢劫？我们的疑虑就无休止地增加。2

对生活中风险的担忧与疑病症有相似之处；二者的恐惧或忧虑皆起因于信息不全面。但二者之间也存在一个明显的差别。疑病症患者通常可以求助于医生，以便澄清疑虑——要么你得了你所怀疑的疾病，要么你没得。但当涉及到其它形式的风险时，事情就要困难得多，因为对许多风险来说，情况并不那么简单。

风险几乎总是一个可能性的问题而无确定性可言。你也许会问：“我该不该系安全带？”如果你坐的车要与其它车正面相撞，那当然该系安全带。倘若你的车侧面被撞，结果你被困在车里，又因安全带装置遭破坏而无法挣脱，那怎么办呢？这是否意味着你该再花些钱在车内安一个保险气袋呢？同样，在正面相撞的情况下，保险气袋完全可以救你一命。但是，万一正当你在高速公路上开车时，保险气袋突然意外充气膨胀，从而导致了本来绝不会发生的事故，那又该如何是好？ 4

上面说的这一切，只是从另一角度说明我们所做的事没有一件是百分之百安全的。有些风险——常常是潜在的重大风险——与我们的每个业余爱好、所做的每项工作、所吃的每种食物有关，换句话说，与所进行的任何活动有关。但我们又不能，也不该因危险存在于我们将要做的每件事，而变成战战兢兢的神经症患者。有些活动是比其它活动更危险。关键在于要让自己了解相应的风险，然后相机行事。5

例如，两车相撞时，大车总的说来要比小车安全些。可究竟能安全多少呢？答案是这样：在一起严重的车祸中坐小车丧生的可能性是坐大车的两倍左右。然而，大车通常比小车贵（并且消耗更多的汽油，由此给环境带来了更大的风险！）。那么我们该怎样确定什么时候值得为降低风险增加花费呢？例如，避免风险最保险的做法也许是去买一辆坦克或装甲车，从而把撞车时死亡或受伤的风险降到最小。然而，即便你买得起，这笔额外的费用以及忍受坦克或装甲车所带来的不便是否值得呢？

在我们尚不知所涉及的风险程度之前，我们还无法回答这些问题。那么，我们该如何去衡量风险程度呢？有些人似乎认为答案只不过是一个简单的数字。例如，我们知道每年大约有25,000 人死于车祸。相比之下，每年只有大约300人死于矿山事故和灾难。这难道就意味着乘坐汽车要比采矿危险得多吗？未必。事实是，在美国每年大约有两亿人经常性地以车代步；而大概只有70万人从事采矿作业。我们评估一种风险时，所需要的有关数字是一个比率或分数。该分数的分子告诉我们在某个特定时期由于从事某种特定活动而丧生或受伤的人数；其分母告诉我们在这一时期从事这种活动的总人数。这样，所有的风险程度都是由比率或分数表示，其大小介于0（无风险）到1（完全风险）之间。7

通过把所有风险都简化为这种比率或分数，我们便可以开始比较不同种类的风险，如比较采矿与乘坐汽车。这个比率越大，也就是说它越接近1，那么有关活动的风险就越大。在刚才讨论的例子中，我们可以用每一活动中死亡的人数除以参与该活动的总人数，从而找出汽车旅行与采煤的相对安全性。此处，我们可以很清楚地看到，乘坐汽车旅行的风险是每一万人中大约有一人丧生；而就采矿而言，其危险程度是每一万矿工中大约有四人死亡。所以，尽管在车祸中丧生的人远比采矿要多，其实后者的风险是前者的四倍。这些比率使我们能够对毫不相干的活动或情形的危险性加以比较，即便差别如苹果与橘子那样大也能比较。如果你反对冒险，你就会选择风险比率较小的活动。如果你无所畏惧，那么你往往会对高比率不太在乎，除非它们大得令人难以承受。

我们一旦明白了风险是永远无法从任何情况中完全去除的，因而就没有绝对安全的事，我们也就会明白问题的关键不是要彻底避免风险，而是要理智地管理风险。风险管理需要两大要素：常识以及与我们可能要承担的风险的性质和程度相关的信息。Vocabulary Practice 1.1)sensible sensible: having or showing good sense;reasonable sensitive: easily hurt, upset, or offended by things that people say 2)relative relevant: directly connected with the subject or problem being discussed or considered relative: considered in relation or proportion to somebody/something else;comparative 3)mechanism machine: 机器

mechanism: a structure of working parts functioning together to produce an effect 4)requires require: need something request: ask for something politely or formally 5)eliminate reduce: make something smaller in size, number, degree, price, etc.eliminate: completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted 6)crash crash: a breaking to pieces especially by or as if by collision collision: an accident in which two or more people or vehicles hit each other while moving in different directions 2.1)character

2)end up

3)Rarely

4)casual

5)risky

6)all manner of

7)inform

8)sensible

9)definitively 3.1)On the strength of

2)all manner of

3)feed on

4)reduce…to

5)end up

6)associated with

7)focus on

8)turned to

9)participate in