大学英语精读答案

大学英语精读答案（精选8篇）

1.大学英语精读答案 篇一

Unit 1 P13 4 Translate the following sentences using words and expressions taken from the text.1.他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。

They took advantage of our helpless situation and took over our company.2.虽然我们面前仍有困难，但我肯定我们中国人有智慧靠自己实现国家的和平统一。

Although there are still difficulties ahead of us, I am sure that we Chinese people will have the wisdom to bring about the peaceful unification of our country on our own.3.只强调国内生产总值是错误的，它会引起很多严重问题。

It is wrong to put emphasis on nothing but GDP.It will give rise to many serious problems.4.他喜欢炫耀他的财富，但是这完全是徒劳的，人们仍然像躲避毒药那样躲避他。

He loves to show off his wealth, but this is all in vain.People still avoid him as though he were poison.5.他不久就爱上了这个村子。他决心和村民一起把这个地方变成一个花园。He soon fell in love with the village and was determined to make it a beautiful garden together with other villagers.6.我们必须花更多的钱来和全球气温上升作斗争。另外，我认为我们还必须采用严厉的法律措施。这不只是一个钱的问题。

We must spend more money fighting against global warming.In addition, we must resort to tough laws.It is not just a matter of money.7.当警察到达学校的时候，学生和老师还在一种茫然不知所措的状态。When the police arrive at the school, the students and the teachers were still in a daze.8.这个腐败的官员还在死死抓住他的权力不放。他拒绝靠边站。This corrupt official was still clinging to his power.He refused to step aside.9.当那个人最后进入视界时，我发现他原来是我父亲。不知道他怎么在这大雪 中找到这个地方的。那时候，我放声大哭起来。

When the man finally came into view, I found it was my father.I didn’t know how he managed to find this place in the blinding snow.At that moment, I burst into tears.10.她不时地偷偷朝他张望。她发现自己第一次这样看一个年轻男子。She glanced at him from time to time.It was the first time in her life that she had found herself looking at a young like that.P18 4 Translate the following sentences into English 1.上大学之前，我没有想到大学生活如此丰富多彩。

Before I came to/ entered college, I had never thought life at college would be so rich and interesting.2.出生于20世纪90年代的中国大学生大多数是独生子女。

Most of the Chinese college students born in the 1990s are the only child of their families.3.了解他的人都因为他出色的工作而钦佩他。All those who know him admire him for his hard work.4.我那天缺课了，因为我不知道课已提前到了周四。

I missed the class because I didn’t know it had moved up to Thursday.5.在某些国家，超重的人会受到一定的惩罚。

In some countries, those who are overweight will be punished one way or another.6.在大火中失去家园的人们很快被安置到安全的地方。

Soon after the fire, those who had lost their homes were taken to a place of safety.7.再见面的时候，我们发现我们两人变化都很大。When we met again, we found we both had changed a lot.8.以李教授为首的专家们很快就会来帮助农民解决问题。

A team of experts headed by Professor Li will soon come and help farmers solve their problems.9.现在种着西红柿的那块地以往是荒地。The field planted with tomatoes used to be wasteland.10.我们老师叫我们读像矛盾、巴金那样大师们写的作品。

Our teacher told us to read books written by such masters as Mao Dun and Ba Jin.Unit 2 P39 6 Translate the following sentence into English 1.在我看来，这似乎不可能，但是其他所有人看起来都很有信心。It seems impossible to me, but all the others looked very confident.2.我们四下一望，没有一个仍然矗立的建筑物了。地震似乎把一切的摧毁了。We looked around.There wasn’t a building standing in sight.The earthquake seemed to have destroyed everything.3.---他这些日子里似乎情绪很低落，不知道为什么。He looks to be in a low spirits.I wonder why.---我觉得那是因为他似乎学习上没有多少进步。他怕被同学瞧不起。I think it is because he doesn’t seem to be making much progress in his studies.He is afraid of being looked upon by his classmates.4.---你在找什么，迪克？W What are you looking for, Dick?

---我好像把钥匙丢了。真烦人。I seem to have lost my key.How annoying!5.如果你发现一个字在中间说不通，你就该查查字典。这是掌握意思的唯一办法。

If you find a word that doesn’t seem to make any sense in a sentence, you should look it up in the dictionary.That is the only way to learn to use a word.6.他们继续争吵了几个钟头，两人似乎谁也不愿听对方的话。我突然想起有人说过：“讨论是知识的交流，而争吵是无知的交换。”

They went on arguing for hours.Neither was willing to listen to the other.I suddenly remembered someone saying: “Discussion is an exchange of knowledge while argument is an exchange of ignorance.” 7.那里的形式似乎非常复杂，政府已答应进行认真调查。

The situation there seems quite complicated.The government has promised to look into it.8.我爷爷似乎正在好起来，但是他任然需要有人照顾。

My grandpa seems to be getting better and better, but he still needs somebody to look after him.9.经济学家已经得出结论：危机似乎很快就要结束了，世界经济正在好转。Economists have come to the conclusion that the crisis seems to be coming to an end.World economy is looking up.10.这次病后，我看了看我的银行账本。使我伤心的是，账上的余额几乎是零。我前三年存在银行的钱全花完了。

When I got well I looked at my bank account.To my sadness, I found my balance was almost zero.All my sayings in the past three years were gone.P42 4 Translate the following sentence using one of the patterns listed in Grammar exercise 1-2 1.你还是试一试别的方法吧。You ought to try a different method.2.要不你再去和写作老师谈一谈？

I think you ought to talk with our writing teacher about it.3.我们还是立即向警方报告这次失窃吧。We ought to report the theft to the police immediately.4.你的父母身体不好，你多去看看他们吧。

You ought to see your parents more often now that they are not in good health.5.你不该对长辈那样大声嚷嚷。You shouldn’t have shouted at the elders like that.6.这么重要的会议你是不该迟到的。

You shouldn’t have been late for such an important meeting.7.难道吉姆不是你的朋友吗？他提出要帮你，你是不该拒绝的。

Isn’t Jim your friend? You shouldn’t have turned down/ rejected his offer of help.8.作为一个大学生，你是不该把业余时间都花在网络游戏上。

As a college student, you shouldn’t have spent all your free time playing computer games.9.万一我这次失败了，我还会再试第二次的。If I failed this time, I would try for the second time.10.要是地球继续变暖，这些岛屿将不复存在。

If the global warming continued, these islands would disappear.11.我要是现在有一百万元，我一定会给父母买一套房子。If I had a million yuan, I would buy my parents an apartment.12.要是我当选为学生会主席，我没准会组织一次钢琴比赛。

If I were elected president of the students’ union, I might organize a piano competition.Unit 3 P61 Translate the following sentences, using the link +predicative pattern

1.祝英台虽然不愿意嫁给马家小少爷，但她不能不服从她父亲。她的心都碎了。Zhu Yingtai had to(was forced to)obey her father and marry the young master of the rich Ma family although she was extremely unwilling.She was heartbroken.2.那个人从来没见过这么大的一张钞票。他说：“这东西看着好，摸着也好，的确就是好。”

The man had never seen such a large note.He said, “It looks good, feels good, and it is good.”

3.树叶都变黄，变红，变紫了。看起来真是如天堂一样美。

Leaves had turned/got/gone/become yellow, red and purple, It really looked heavenly beautiful(beautiful like heaven).4.随着年纪越来越老，她开始容易感到疲惫。As she grew older, she began to feel tired easily.5.他的话听起来很有说服力，但好听的理由并不等于好的理由，两者之间存在很大差别。

What he said sounded very convincing, but reasons that sound good do not always mean good sound reasons.There is a big difference between the two.6.他爱说话，他永远无法保持沉默，而他说的往往被证明是错的。

He likes to talk.He can never keep quiet, and what he says often proves(turns out to be)incorrect.7.他在战斗中受了伤，流了很多血，变得十分虚弱，他的领导强迫他留在医院到伤口痊愈为止。

He got wounded in battle, lost a lot of blood, and became very weak.His leaders ordered him to stay in the hospital until he was completely recovered(healed).8 他以为可以从我们手中滑过去；他们错了，他们休想干了坏事就溜走。They thought they could slip through our fingers.They were wrong.They couldn’t get away with what they had done.9.长征的时候，红军需要越过大渡河，穿越草地，翻过雪山。

During the Long March, the Red Army had to get across the Dadu River, through the grassland and over the sown-covered mountains.10.你在哪里生活习惯了吗?你和同学相处的如何？我们给你寄的钱够你凑合着用吗？

Are you used to the life there? How do you get along with your classmates? Can you get by with the money we send you?(Is the money we send you enough for you?)P65 4 Translate the following sentence using sentence patterns of unreal condition or as.1.If you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you could have caught the train.2.Your father would have forgiven you if you had told him the truth.3.If it hadn’t snowed heavily, I would have taken you along to yesterday’s party.4.If there had been more rain in spring, the harvest would have been much better.5.If they hadn’t learned a lesson from their failure, they wouldn’t have achieved so much.6.If my family hadn’t supported me, I wouldn’t have taken part in this contest.7.Many people think that China’s Great Wall is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world,.8.As so often happens, misfortunes/troubles never come singly/alone.9.As is often the case with many first-year college students, Jim finds it hard to adapt to the life at college.10.As is reported, the president will visit five African countries next month.Unit 5 P114 5 Translate the following sentences into English 1.这是个难得的机会。你要是让它从身边溜掉就太傻了。

This is a wonderful opportunity.You would be foolish to let it slip by.2.我们的出口和去年相比增加了百分之二十。

Compared with last year, our exports have increased by 20%.(or …are up by 20% / …have gone up by 20%)3.因为没有更好的词，我们姑且称之为“走后门主义吧”吧。For want of s better word, let’s call it “backdoorism”.4.这个年轻人喜欢修理摆弄东西。他可以说是个万金油。（什么都会一点的人）。This young man is fond of fixing things.He is something of Jack of all trades.5.和他们父母一代相比，今天的年轻人认为他们是比较现实的一代。

Compared to their parents’ generation, young people today consider them to be a more practical generation.6.他气得脸色发青，决定将这场抗议运动扼杀在萌芽状态。

His face turned/ went blue with anger.He was determined to nip the mass protest in the bud.7.这说来话长，但是今天我不想去研究这件事的历史了。It is a long story, but I won’t go into the history today.8.我们花了比我们想象多得多的时间才过了海关。

It took us much more time than we had expected to go through the customs.9.灯光突然全灭了。全城一下陷入完全黑暗中。

The power went out suddenly, and the whole city was thrown into complete darkness.10.别等我了，你先走。我要先把这份文件看完。

Don’t wait for me.You go ahead.I must go over this document.11.我们无法否认这样的事实：我们为经济发展付出高昂的学费。We cannot deny the fact that we have paid dearly for our economic development.12.消防队员要是晚到一会儿，火就会蔓延到附近的油罐。

Had the firemen arrived a bit later, the fire would have spread to the nearby oil tanks.Unit 6 P140 5.Translate the following sentences into English using the words and expressions listed below.1.当我们到达目的地时，我们发现这块地上已经没有任何建筑，只有一些石头散落在地上。没有人能认出这是一段可以追溯到千年以前的城墙。When we reached our destination, we found nothing standing on the ground except some rocks scattered here and there.Nobody would be able to recognize it as part of the city wall a thousand years ago.2.今天，大多数人看问题都有了新的角度，他们不再认为主要是国内生产总值标志一个国家的幸福了。

Today, most people have got a new perspective.They no longer accept the view that mainly GDP marks the happiness of a nation.3.让我们同意对方有不同意见吧。我们起码在这一点上意见是一致的，我们同意不采取暴力，我们同意我们的分歧必须和平解决。

Let’s agree to disagree.We at least agree on one thing: We agree not to use force.We agree that we must settle our disputes peacefully.4.桂林向来被我们称为最美的地方，我以前怀疑这种说法。现在我完全同意他们了。一切都美极了，尤其是那千姿百态的石峰。

Guilin has always been regarded by our people as the most beautiful place in our country.I used to have my doubts, but now I totally agree with them.Everything is so beautiful, especially the rock formations in these different shapes.5.我可以向你保证他是个非常随和的人。我从来没见过她发脾气。

I can assure you.She is a very agreeable person.I have never seen her lose her temper.6.一位亲眼看见那个妇女被汽车轧过的年轻人同意出庭作证。我很欣赏他的勇气。

A young man who saw the woman run over by the car has agreed to appear in court as witness.I admire his courage.7.大学教育应该设法保证我们的大学生有进行批判性思维的能力。College education should see to it that our students are able to do critical thinking.8.你们在预习功课的时候，一定要尽量试试，看你是否提出重要的问题来，是否能作出有意义的评论。

While you are preparing your lessons, you must try your best to see if you can raise some significant questions and give meaningful comments/criticism.9.在对这个问题进行仔细思考以后，我认识到，我们必须保证学生不但能谋生，还能懂得怎样生活。

Upon careful reflections on this issue, I’ve come to realize that we must make sure that our students not only can make a living, but also know how to live.10.有一次我修好了一个漏气的自行车胎，爸爸拍拍我的肩膀，逗我说我是家里的天才，有当机械师的潜力。他的话引起了全家人的大笑。

Once I fixed my bike tire which was leaking.My dad patted me on the shoulder and teased me saying that I am the family genius and have the makings of a good mechanic.What he said set the whole family laughing.P144 3 Translate the following sentences using proper adverbial clauses 1.Take a warm jacket with you in case it should suddenly turn cold.2.It’s not safe there, so stay in the hotel at night.3.The two girl spoke so softly that no one else could hear them.4.When you explain the danger of the drug to children, do it so that they can understand.5.The whole family worked hard so that they could send one of the children to college.6.In winter the school closes early so that the children can get home before dark.7.He was an only child, so he found it difficult to get along with his peers at school.8.The accident happened so long ago that I don’t remember much about it.9.The teacher had just taken the children out of the building when it collapsed.10.It was so dark that the German secret agent didn’t notice there was no balcony below the window at all.P221 1.如果他们拒绝归还这些小岛，他们两国的关系就不能完全正常化。If they refused to give back these small islands, the two countries would not be able to normalize their diplomatic relations completely.2.我知道放弃这个机会十分愚蠢，但我别无选择。

I know that it is stupid to give up this opportunity, but I have no other choice / alternative.3.由于缺少公众的支持，白宫最后退让了。

For lack / want of public support, the White House had to give in at last.4.要一下子消灭毒品不可能，但现在世界上每年都有几百万以上的人成功地戒了烟。It may not be possible to eliminate drugs all at once / immediately, but now there are millions of people throughout the world who kicking the habit of cigarette smoking every year.5.我们已经和对方代表联系。我们已安排不久在厦门会面，讨论双方有兴趣的重要问题。We have already made contact with the representatives of the other side and arranged to meet in Xianmen before long to discuss important issues we are both interested in.6.有一天，那座新楼突然倒塌，楼里很多人都被埋了。

One day, that new building suddenly gave way / collapsed /fell down, and many people were buried under it.7.爱情是要双方培养的，而真正的爱情表现在给予而不是在获取上。Love requires nourishment from both sides, and true love is in the giving, not in the taking.8.奶奶的健康一有改善，她就开始把她的差产分给她的亲戚朋友们。Grandma began to give out her belongings to her relatives and friends as soon as her health improved.9.一种长久的友好关系要求双方都十分真诚。

It requires perfect honesty on both sides to cultivate a lasting / an enduring friendly relationship.10.据称，今年的经济计划已经完成了，国内市场也非常繁荣。It is said / announced that our economic plan this year has been fulfilled and our domestic / home market has also been flourishing.P225 1.他反复地说他来中国是为了扩展自己的视野。

He said again and again that he had come to China to broaden his horizons.2.朱丽叶说一天辛苦的工作之后，她既没有时间也没有精力做运动了。Julia says she has neither the time nor the energy for sports after a day’s hard work.3.有时候公开不同意自己顶头上司的意见是需要勇气的。

Sometimes it takes courage to disagree openly with one’s immediate boss.4.这里的老师和学生都认为学英语没有什么捷径。

Neither the teachers nor the students here believe there is any shortcut in learning English.5.多数大学毕业生在毕业时都面临两种选择：找工作或考研。

Upon graduation, most college students have two options: either to hunt a job or to go to graduate school.6.让遭受洪水的灾民都有住处是救灾人员当前的头号任务。

To see all the fold victims properly housed in the relief workers’ number one task at present.7.在中国期间，我希望能安排我见见我在这里的几位老朋友。

During my stay in China, I would like you to arrange for me to see some of my old friends.8.为了避免房价上涨过快，政府保证要采取一系列政策。

In order to prevent the price of houses from going up too fast, the government promised to adopt / launch a series of policies.9.这种面试一般都在饭店或咖啡厅举行，从不在办公室举行。

Such interviews are generally conducted either in a hotel or in a cafe, neither in offices.10.他们开办了意见收容所，这个城市里无家可归的人在极端天气情况下可以在这里过夜。They opened a shelter for the city’s homeless to stay overnight in extreme weather conditions.

2.大学英语精读答案 篇二

一、精读教学存在的问题

传统大学英语课堂教学观点认为精读课是以课文为中心的综合性课程, 因此教学效果在很大程度上取决于课文的讲解是否成功。传统的精读课教学大部分把重点放在词和句子上, 将一篇文章中的重点词和词组的意义、用法、搭配关系讲得透彻明了, 再通过语法关系分析句子等、教学方法一般是逐词逐句的讲解, 这样做使学生看到的实际上不是整篇文章, 而是一个个被分割开来的句子文章在教师的解析过程中支离破碎, 学生对语言和文体的鉴赏也成了雾里看花, 抓不住重点, 摸不出脉络, 学习者听、说、读、写、译的能力也因此受到限制。

二、 精读教学预期的教学效果

精读教学的预期教学效果不能仅仅停留在语言表层, 更应着眼于学生能力的培养, 具体应包括以下目标:

(一) 语言知识目标。要求学生掌握课程中的基本知识, 如语音、语法、常用词汇、基本句型结构和篇章结构等。

(二) 交流能力目标。要求学生掌握英语基本的听、说、读、写、译五项能力, 具备基本的语言交流能力;以满足学生学习需要为目标, 在注重基本功训练的同时, 拓宽学生的视野, 提高学生的欣赏水平、思考能力及解决问题的能力。

(三) 学习能力目标。使学生在提高英语语言知识与技能的同时, 了解美国为代表的英语国家的文化内涵与价值, 开阔视野, 增强独立思考与分析批判的能力, 形成理性思维的习惯。

三、以传统教学与语篇教学结合提高教学效果

传统精读教学要求学生掌握英语基本的听、说、读、写、译五项能力, 具备基本的语言交流能力, 注重基本功训练。传统教学模式的方法对于学生英语基础的积累, 语言能力的培养是十分必要的, 也取得了瞩目的成绩, 积累了丰富的经验, 但又存在上述弊端。“工欲善其事, 必先利其器”, 为达到精读的良好教学效果, 在教法上, 笔者采用的是将传统的精读教学法同语篇教学相结合的方法, 既注重语法及语言知识灌输又重视篇章结构分析和交际能力培养。

(一) 教材。

正确、深入了解教材内容、特点, 对精读教学起到事半功倍的效果。辽东学院采用的是“超越概念”高校英语专业本科系列教材, 该教材涵盖了“英语技能”和“英语知识”两大板块中的课程, 具有以下特点:教材由中国教师和一批美国学者合作编写而成, 在选材过程中准确把握西方文化核心;课文素材以美国原版教材为主, 选材在突出时代感的同时兼顾经典语篇的分析与欣赏。正因为教材全部采用国外出版物, 保持原汁原味, 首先是语言, 为精读教学设置了挑战。作者以英语为母语, 词汇使用灵活难以理解。其次是教材内容蕴含深层文化内涵, 教师力求良好的教学效果, 努力锻炼学生对外国文化的分析批判和吸收的能力。

(二) 篇章教学提高教学效果。

语言是文化的载体, 但单独的语句往往不能担负此重任, 只有在语篇的层面上对阅读材料进行解读, 才能正确理解作者的意图, 解读作者的审美指向、价值观念等超越语言表层的意涵。怎样理解语篇?美国语言学家哈里斯曾说过:“语言并非一些零散的词句, 而是由连贯的话语表现出来的。”语篇通常是指一系列连续的语段或句子组成的语言整体。语篇具有许多特征, 如它必须合乎语法, 语气连贯, 必须具有一个论题结构或逻辑结构, 句子之间必须具有内在的逻辑关系。单独的词句的信息量是非常有限的, 也难以表达作者全面的意图。外语学习不但是语言知识的积累过程, 也是文化知识导入的过程。因此, 作为教师, 不仅要重视句子水平上的语言训练, 还要将散落在语篇中的文化知识进行阐释讲解, 使学生能循序渐进地增进对异域文化的理解, 逐步发展语篇水平上的阅读能力。语篇分析是从文章的特定形式、体裁的规律性来分析语篇的内容和整体结构的。不同的语篇类型结构有各自特定的语篇模式, 分析语篇有助于学生从宏观层面把握住文章的框架结构及行文脉络, 培养学生理解作者的观点、意图, 深化对语篇的理解, 使学生具有通览全篇的能力。语篇分析的注意力主要在“篇”, 而不在“句”, 在文章的“意”, 而不在文章的语法点, 就是从表达完整、确切意义思想内容的语段语篇的结构形式入手, 分析句子之间、段落之间的衔接和相关意义及逻辑思维的连贯, 使学生从中理解和掌握基础语言现象所表现的交际功能, 并从语言交际的动态环境中掌握基础语言现象。语篇教学的介入充分发挥了学生的主体作用, 使他们从单纯的词汇、句子中走出来, 从宏观角度分析文章的内容、 体裁、 结构, 培养了学生对语篇的分析、 综合和逻辑思考能力, 而且在英文写作方面能够指导学生掌握写作技巧和提高写作技能。此外, 运用语篇教学还有利于提高学生的口头表达能力。在注重语篇教法同时, 要继续保持传统教学的学生听说能力的培养, 提高学生的读、写、译能力。语篇教学法与传统教学方法相得益彰, 让学生在学习语言的同时掌握有效的学习方法和学习策略。

(三) 教学环节的实施。

以上理论具体体现在教学环节的组织, 包括课前学习, 课文讲解, 课后巩固三大环节。

1.课前学习。

课前学习是精读教学的“预热阶段”, 旨在在学习课文之前做好充分准备, 具体应达到以下三个目标:

(1) 背景知识介绍。众所周知, 学习语言与了解文化密不可分, 每篇文章包含大量的文化信息 背景知识介绍显得尤为重要。教师可以通过提前布置作业, 让学生选择自己感兴趣的内容自行准备相关背景材料知识。比如《超越概念》第一单元《纯真的目光》, 课前学生应了解正、负空间的概念, 否则不仅不能读懂课文, 更谈不上感受作者描绘的美丽情景, 头脑中浮现不出正负空间对比的画面。

(2) 情感铺垫。精读的课堂不仅仅是语言文字的学习, 更应树立正确的人生价值观念。如书中第二单元《 不予评论》中, 作者提出许多学生对于种族清洗活人献祭等问题不做道德上的评判, 仅仅以个人喜好来判断是非。针对这一情况, 在课前学习中, 带领学生了解南京大屠杀, 了解9·18 事变, 使学生产生强烈的感情共鸣, 那就是道德是有标准的, 应在道德层面毫不留情地批判。

(3) 技能锻炼。组织学生分组讨论与课文主题或中心思想相关的问题。通过提示性问题引发学生学习兴趣, 使其自然而然地围绕课文中心思想或主题展开交流。这种交流自由而广泛, 往往能把他们生活中与之相关的经历融合进来, 对教学大有帮助。教师有意识地参与讨论, 引导话题, 及时反馈, 使交际活动既有目的又有乐趣。这可以充分调动学生的积极性, 让学生更快地适应大学自主学习的方式, 培养自学能力, 尤其在这一过程中能锻炼学生的口头表达能力。

2.课文讲解。

一是依据语篇教学理论, 要求学生以双人或小组为单位分析文章结构, 总结各部分的大意, 概括出全文的中心思想。这种活动通过与教师的讲解、分析和评判相结合, 形成了学生间、师生间就课文内容进行交流。二是初步了解文章内容, 设置不同问题启发学生思考。思考题侧重对包括文化内涵在内的整篇文章内容的深入理解与思考。培养学生在语篇上理解文章和提炼主题的能力。先考察学生对内容的理解, 从而确立讲解的重点。课文内容的问题侧重对课文中难句及重要语言点的理解, 旨在指导学生在上下文中理解语义, 观察语言在特定语境中的实际用法。三是课文讲解能够理解单词和句子的意思。并能够理解整个课文, 解读文本是带有主观色彩意识形态的, 任何文本都不是完全中立, 更重要的是能够解读课文, 洞悉课文晦涩意义, 洞察作者动机和观念形态, 推断作者的暗含意图, 更深入地理解文章内容。总之。通过这些由浅入深的课堂活动, 辅之以重点讲解和启发, 让学生从语篇上去理解和把握文章内容, 培养学生的概括、推理能力。自然地实现从传统的“词—句—段—语篇”的讲解方法向“语篇—段—句—词”的课文教学方式的转变。

3.课后巩固。

学生们每天在不同的课堂上都会接触到大量的新鲜知识, 已留下深刻印象, 即使费了很多功夫记住了一些词、句, 也难以准确运用。面对这一现状, 在完成课文讲解的基础上, 创设语言交际环境, 帮助学生巩固所学知识, 并进一步提高交际能力。具体操作如下:

(1) 课后辩论。《超越概念》中很多文章对我们的生活和学习都很有启迪和指导作用, 所以不妨适时地组织与课文中心内容相关的辩论, 鼓励学生使用文中所学的词汇和已有的储备词汇。

(2) 课后习题。以解答课后题和批阅学生作业的形式进行。每单元检查学生课后题完成情况并详细答疑解惑, 同时安排一篇命题作文要求学生写作。

四、结语

通过语篇教学法和传统教学方法结合可以促进教学效果, 通过巧妙设计利用各教学环节可以将教学方法发挥极致。但大学英语精读的自身特点使得精读教学将是一个长期的课题。教师和学生应作出长足的努力。教师应注重日常的知识积累及更新, 注重相互交流, 取长补短, 缩短与教学前沿的距离。学生有一定的英语基础, 但不扎实, 语言实践能力还不强, 教师提高学生英语学习的热情, 使得英语精读教学真正实现其意义。

摘要：英语精读课始终作为大学英语专业综合性核心课程, 是语言各个方面技能和思维的高度融合。本文将从课程特点、教学理念、教学环节等方面探讨如何促进精读教学效果, 巩固教学成果。

关键词：精读教学,语篇模式,教学环节

参考文献

[1].康成翠.超越概念[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2010

[2].束定芳, 庄智象.现代外语教学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1996

[3].赵崇华.思维模式与语篇教学——中国学生英语语篇思维模式存在的问题及对策探讨[J].山东外语教学, 2000

3.论大学英语精读教学 篇三

【关键词】词汇教学 语法教学 语篇教学 文化差异

大学英语是重要的基础课程，其核心为精读教学。面对经济全球化等一系列新的挑战，大学英语精读教学在使学生获得较为扎实的英语语言基础知识和了解相关英美文化概况的同时，应该注重培养学生的交际能力。

一、把握好英语语言基础知识教学

词汇教学是精读教学的重点之一。多年来，词汇的教与学一直是困扰师生的一大難题。原因就是词汇太多、太难、不易掌握。如何提高词汇的教与学？笔者总结了前人以及同行的经验，并通过亲身实践，将其方法概括为以下几点。教师在讲解词汇知识的同时，要让学生了解构词法，找出同义词、反义词、上坐标词、下坐标词，并且把词汇学习方法介绍给学生。学生可以利用单词间形声义的转换，将英语单词按照词形联想、词义联想两种方法来识记。

1.词形联想法：根据单词构成的外形特点进行联想和扩展，以收到学习一个识记一串的效果。比如，词缀dis-表示“不、相反”等涵义，由此教师可引导学生猜测disagree，disadvantage，disobey等词的词义。

2.词义联想法：指的是根据某一个中心概念，将已学过的近义词串联起来进行比较识记，比如表示“喜欢”这一专题的近义词就有：like，be fond of，enjoy，love，admire，be interested in，prefer等。在词汇教学中，尤其要提醒学生注重语境的作用，因为单词在特定的语境中既有其语言本身的意义又有环境赋予的意义。这就要求教师引导学生用动态思维模式来理解词义。尽量在教学过程中创造语言环境帮助学生运用所学词汇来进行书面或口语交流，以此加深学生对所学词汇的掌握和记忆。例如，在学习snobbish这个单词时，教师可以用英语描述（若学生基础较差，可适当用汉语描述）某影视剧或小说中大家比较熟悉的一个势利的人物形象，然后告诉学生：“这个人是snobbish的”。接着教师可以问学生：Do you like snobbish person，why？ 或者要求学生写一篇题为Snobbish Person 的作文。如此一来，学生可以通过口头交流或书面表达的途径真正理解snobbish一词的含义，从而也记住这个单词，同时也提高了语言交际能力。

3.语法教学也是精读教学中必不可少的一个环节。然而，语法规则又是中国学生难以真正掌握的内容。通过总结前人的语法教学经验，笔者认为语法教学可以从以下两个层面入手。

（1）英汉对比层面。英汉两种语言属于英汉两个不同的民族，有着不同的语法系统，这是英汉语的本质区别。教师在教学过程中可以就相应的教学内容作适当的英汉对比。一方面，教师可以介绍英汉语法中完全不同的内容。如英语的谓语动词有人称、时态、语态、语气等形态标记，汉语的谓语动词没有任何形态标记；英语中的形容词不能单独作谓语，而汉语中的形容词可以单独作谓语；英语语句强调形式上的连接关系，而汉语语句之间注重意义上的连接关系等等。有关英汉语法之间的差异多之又多，由于篇幅关系，笔者在此不作详尽叙述。另一方面，教师可向学生介绍英汉语法相似的内容。例如，在语序方面，虽然汉语和英语在句式上有很大的差异，但在陈述句和以疑问词做主语或修饰主语的特殊疑问句上，汉语和英语的语序大体相同。如果把下列汉语句子译为英语，在词序上一般不会发生错误：

1）a.昨天，我妈妈送给我一件礼物。 b.Yesterday my mother gaveme a gift.

2）a.谁发明了电话？ b.Who invented the telephone？

可见，在此类英语句形的学习上，由于汉语和英语之间的相似性，可以推测出汉语会向英语发生正迁移，促进学习者的英语学习.因此，在外语语法教学中充分利用对比的方法，能够加强正迁移，减少负迁移，提高语法教学效果。

（2）交际层面。英语课堂上，如果教师对所涉及到的语法点仅按照先呈现（presentation）后机械训练（practicing）的步骤讲解，那么学生往往会当时弄明白过后又不会运用该语法点，这只能说明学生没有真正掌握该语法知识。为了使语法教学有效进行，作为占主导地位的教师可在呈现和训练语法点之后创设一些交际活动或者提供适量的真实的语言材料来鼓励学生运用相关的语法表达自己的思想及观点，让学生明白他们所学知识的用途，也检查并巩固自己的学习情况。例如：讲解现在完成时的时候，在学生熟悉该时态结构的前提下，教师可以提问学生：“I’m very happy because I have realized my dream.How about you？ Have you realized your dream？”对于这个问题，学生一般都会有话可说，回答要么是“No，I haven’t realized my dream.”要么是‘‘Yes，I have realized my dream.”总之，只有让学生接触尽可能多的真实的语言材料，才能促使学生把语法学习和培养交际能力有机地联系在一起，确保语法教学在“用中学、学中用”。

二、重视语篇分析

语篇分析（discourse analysis）是指以语篇为基本单位，从语篇的整体出发，对文章进行分析、理解和评价。它包括语篇的主题分析（theme analysis）、结构分析（structure analysis）以及文体分析（style analysis）。

很长时间以来，不少从事大学英语精读教学的教师花费了大量的时间和精力讲解词汇、语法结构，教学的效果却仍然不尽如人意，学生对整篇文章的理解还是支离破碎。若要让学生准确地把握一篇文章的脉络和寓意，教师在教学时应重视语篇分析。同时，语篇分析还揭示作者的写作意图、写作手法，有助于学生从中受到启发，提高写作能力。 认识到语篇理解的重要性后，教师在教学过程中可积极运用各种展示性问题（指提问者事前已经知道问题的答案，并且期望得到固定模式的回答）促使学生把注意力从词汇、语法转移到句子在上下文中的含义和文章整体内容的把握上。

三、增加背景知识，了解文化差异

大学英语精读教学除了要求学生掌握英语语言本身的知识，即语音、语法和词汇外，还应要求学生掌握一些与英语语言有关的文化背景知识，作为对语言学习的补充和加强。学习英语的过程，是了解英美民族的历史发展、社会习俗以及其道德和价值观念的过程。只有在此前提下，英语交际才能得体和准确。

比方说，在英美国家，熟人见面打招呼可用“How are you？”而不能用“Have you had dinner yet？”后者是英美人很少说的一句话，其内涵仅限于吃饭。而中国人使用这句话的频率却相当高，其内涵往往并非“吃饭”，而是作为一个打招呼的客套语，没有邀请对方吃饭的意思。因此，为了避免因文化差异而导致的交流障碍，教师应多了解一些英美国家的文化传统、风土人情等，把语言教学和文化教学有机结合起来，使学习者在学习语言的过程中，能够接触到目的语社会文化方面的知识，提高文化素养，培养学生的交际能力。

四、结语

教师要善于利用课堂教学，培养他们对大学英语精读课的兴趣和学习的好习惯，引导他们逐步掌握学习方法，总结出规律性的东西。在培养学生英语语言能力的同时，教师也不应忽视学生实际交际能力的培养。没有一定的语言能力就不可能进行有效的交际。培养学生的英语交际能力，是要使学生具有正确地说写和理解英语语音、词汇和句型的能力；得体地在特定语境中使用英语的能力；正确地区别可接受的及不可接受的英语语言习惯的能力。总之，教师在课堂上要努力营造出一种良好的教学氛围，教师认真教，学生主动学，学得到、用得上，彼此形成一种良性互动，从而提高大学英语精读课的课堂教学成效。

参考文献：

[1]陈适.上海市大学英语教学论文集（三）[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社.2004.

[2]何善芬.英汉语言对比研究[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社. 2002.

4.大学英语精读答案 篇四

Lesson Four The Boy and the Bank Officer Answers 1.Oral work(answers omitted)2.Vocabulary test 1)Choose the right word and put it in the proper form.(1)take(2)bring(3)possibly(4)probably(5)probably(6)each(7)every 2)Put in the missing words.(1)relied(2)time(3)still(4)when(5)to(6)a(7)finally(8)started(9)As(10)trying(11)attention(12)tickets(13)then(14)back 3． Grammar work.Put in a, an, the, or “/” in the blankets(1)a, /,/(2)the(3)/,the(4)/,a(5)/, /(6)the, the(7)the, an 4．Written work One possible version: I was forced again by the bully to go to the bank for money.I handed over my own savings-account book to the bank officer, but unfortunately, he refused by saying that I was too young to withdraw money.I couldn’t believe it.When did this tiresome rule come out? A warn-hearted man argued with him that this so-called policy was ridiculous.But the officer insisted his opinion, I became hopeless.Suddenly, the kind man said to the officer that why you let the boy withdraw money before but not now.The officer annoyed, and still persisted in his refusal.This moment, I was totally upset and walked out of the bank.“What should I do? How can I deal with the wicked guy?” 5．Translation.1）我们应该为保持一个安全的环境作出自己的贡献。2）人生最大的教训是知道即使傻瓜有时也是对的。3）当时正式吃午饭的时候，银行只有一个又一个职员值班。他是个人40来岁的黑人，梳着短短的平头，留着一字胡，穿着一身整洁熨汤过的棕色西装。他浑身上下都显示出他是个穿着讲究、有身份的人。

Lesson Five Angels on a Pin Answers 1.Oral work 1)How can we control the frequent floods in the Yangtzi River valley? 2)What do you think is the best way to fight against pollution(crime/corruption/smoking?)2.Vocabulary text 1)Choose the best word and put it in the proper form.（1）locked(2)disappointed(3)excited(4)surrounded(5)solved/settled(6)finished 2)Put in the missing words.(1)thirsty(2)in(3)best(4)why(5)so(6)finished(7)out(8)wasn’t(9)idea(10)back(11)against(12)climb(13)on(14)get(15)help(16)thought(17)advice(18)when(19)quickly(20)after(21)promise(22)but(23)as(24)have(25)before 3.Grammar work 1)Complete the exercises on the passive form(1)Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.(2)She was caught shoplifting.(3)Your bicycle is being repaired now.(4)A Roman pavement has just been found under Oxford Street.(5)Has Peter been invited to supper tonight?(6)Stamps are not sold in university bookstores.4.Written work Imagine yourself to be the student in the story and describe your experience of the exam in about 100 words.5.Translation(1)光勤劳是不够的，蚂蚁也是勤劳的。要看你为什么而勤劳。(2)时间是个多才多艺的表演者。它能展翅飞翔，能阔步前进，能治愈创伤，能消逝而去，也能揭示真相

Lesson Six The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street Answers 1.Oral work Read aloud the paragraphs in the play and act out the play.2.Vocabulary test 1)Choose the best word and put it in the proper form.(1)homely(2)weekly(3)fortnightly(4)timely(5)friendly(6)unlikely 2)Put in the missing words.(1)physically(2)for(3)started(4)with(5)race(6)times(7)heard(8)down(9)turned(10)bent(11)make(12)all(13)together(14)stood(15)on 3.Grammar work 1)Make each pair of sentences in to one sentence.(1)I’m sorry for those people who haven’t got a sense of responsibility.(2)He had a simple idea which changed the world.(3)It’s a book everybody talks about but nobody reads(4)I met a girl whose beauty took my breath away.(5)The dentist pulled out the two teeth which had been causing a lot of trouble.(6)All the poems she wrote were destroyed in a fire.4.Written work In about 100 words, write a summary of the play with the help of the following questions.1)When and where did the event tae place? 2)What happened one night? 3)What were people’s first reactions? 4)What did Tommy tee the people? 5)What was the effect of Tommy’s words? 6)What is the message of the story? 5.Translation(1)生活而无目标，犹如航海之无指南针。(2)胜利是不会向我走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。

Lesson 7 Mandela’s Garden Answers 1.Oral work.2.Vocabulary test.1)Choose the right word and put it in its proper form.(1)earth(2)land, soil(3)remove(4)moved(5)learn(6)study 2)Put in the missing words.(1)who(2)history(3)went(4)animals(5)out(6)and(7)ago(8)grew(9)planted(10)stay(11)women(12)hunting(13)home 14)agriculture 3.Grammar work.Choose an appropriate conjunction from as/ since/until/when/while.1)While 2)since 3)When 4)until 5)As 6)as 4.Written work..5.Translation.1)事后诸葛亮。2)自食其果。

5.大学英语精读在线作业 篇五

单选题

1、I don’t quite remember the key（B）the question though I answered it correctly.A、ofB、toC、forD、about2、“I’m sorry to keep you waiting.” “Oh, not at all.I(A)here only a few minutes.”

A、have beenB、had beenC、wasD、will be3、The doctor suggests that I should sleep with the window open（B）it’s very cold.A、ifB、unlessC、whenD、since4、Very seldom（D）that two clocks or watches exactly agree.A、you findB、you will findC、you do findD、do you find5、I am going to（B）a group of foreign guests.A、receiveB、acceptC、getD、bring6、“Are you ready for your paper?” “Not yet.I need（B）to read through it.”

A、other three minutesB、another three minutesC、three other minutesD、more three minutes7、He won’t（C）to bring me my umbrella unless I tell him again.A、forgetB、remindC、rememberD、realize8、Not until the early years of the 19th century（D）what heat is.A、man knewB、didn’t man knowC、man did knowD、did man know9、If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,（C）great it is.A、whatB、howC、howeverD、whatever10、Crusoe’s dog became ill and died,（B）made him very lonely.A、asB、whichC、thatD、this11、Dark glasses are sometimes worn to（D）the eyes from strong sunlight.A、preventB、careC、defendD、protect12、They often（C）the scientist’s name, but they have never seen him.A、learn fromB、hear fromC、hear ofD、listen to13、This hotel（D）$ 60 for a single room with bath.A、claimsB、demandsC、pricesD、charges14、“Which of these two ties will you take?”

“I’ll take（B）to give me a change sometimes.”

A.eitherB.bothC.neitherD.all15、He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch（B）.A、to repairB、repairedC、repairingD、repair16、His grandma（B）in bed for a week.A、liesB、has lainC、has laidD、has lied17、（A）he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A、WhatB、ThatC、The factD、The matter18、Alice received an invitation from her boss,（C）came as a surprise.A、itB、thatC、whichD、he19、Not only（A）the data fed into it, but it can also analyze them.A、can the computer memorizeB、the computer can memorize

C、do the computer memorizeD、can memorize the computer20、（D）took us several hours to clear the snows and open the road to traffic.A、TheyB、AllC、HeD、It21、I bought a shirt because it was good in quality and（A）in price.A、reasonableB、valuableC、comfortableD、enjoyable22、Although he was so tired,（C）he went to the concert with his friend that night.A、butB、soC、yetD、and23、I don’t trust him at all.His smiles always make me（D）.A、feeling sickB、be sickC、being sickD、sick24、He didn’t know what（C）while he was away from home.A、would happenB、happenedC、had happenedD、happens25、His speech made（A）deep impression on the audience that they could hardly forget it.A、such aB、so aC、soD、such26、The computer center,（D）last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A、openB、openingC、having openedD、opened27、When you are planning a garden party, you’ll have to take the weather into（B）.A、regardB、accountC、countingD、observation28、Many new（A）will be opened up in the universities.A、opportunitiesB、realitiesC、necessitiesD、probabilities29、The students successfully（）the answer to the problem.A、gave upB、worked outC、arrivedD、knew30、（B）himself an ideal job.A、Nowhere he could findB、Nowhere could he find

C、He could nowhere findD、He could find nowhere

31、The audience sits in a circle and the performance（D）in the centre.A、takes placeB、is taken placeC、holdsD、is happened32、They finally got to the village（B）a rainy evening.A、inB、onC、atD、by33、(D), mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A、However late is heB、However he is lateC、However is he lateD、However late he is34、We have studied English for only one year,（C）we can perform English short play already.A、forB、andC、yetD、or35、（C）what the situation would be like, they decided to keep silent.A、Knowing notB、Not knowC、Not knowingD、Having not known36、The boy（D）his time between work and play.A、spentB、wastedC、separatedD、divided37、I（B）up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 8 o’clock a.m..A、needn’t have gotB、didn’t need to get

C、shouldn’t have gotD、can’t have got38、Although she was frightened, she answered with a（D）voice.A、quietB、silentC、stillD、calm39、（D）that leather shoes are hand-made, the price seems reasonable.A、In view ofB、BecauseC、SinceD、Considering40、In today’s newspaper, it（D）that there will be strong wind this afternoon.A、tellsB、writesC、recordsD、says41、Her（B）English is the best in the class.A、speakingB、spokenC、talkedD、writing42、The British people and the American people not only speak the same language but（A）a lot of special customs as well.A、shareB、spareC、.holdD、carry43、I like spring.I hope good weather will（B）.A、go onB、stayC、keepD、continue44、It was the training that he had as a young man（A）made him such a good engineer.A、thatB、hasC、whatD、later45、Her parents objected to（B）that farmer, though he has a lot of money.A、her marryingB、marryingC、marryD、her marrying with46、His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he（B）.A、had long been expectedB、had long expected

C、has long expectedD、was long expected47、（B）, it was finished in time.A、As the work was difficultB、Difficult as the work was

6.大学英语精读4课后汉译英 篇六

We were informed that the Minister of Finance was to meet us the next day.2.我觉得很奇怪，他似乎不记得自己的生日。

I thought it odd that he didn’t seem to remember his own birthday.3.学期论文最迟应在下星期二交来，可是大部分学生却至今几无进展。

Next Tuesday is the deadline for handing in the term papers, but most students have hardly made a dent in the work so far.4.看到学生人数不断减少，校长心里很难受。

It pained the headmaster to find the number of students shrinking.5.在那个国家一般用现金付账，但支票变得普通起来了，不久会代替现金作为人们结账的一种方式。Cash is commonly used in paying bills in that country, but checks are becoming more popular and will, in a short while, replace cash as a way for people to settle their accounts.6.该公司声称，这条河流的污染不是它造成的。

the company claims that it is not responsible for the pollution in river.unit2 1.比尔已是个成熟的小伙子，不再依赖父母替他作主。

Bill is a mature young man who is no longer dependent on his parents for decisions.2.这个地区有大量肉类供应，但新鲜果蔬奇缺。

There are abundant supplies of meat in this region, but fresh fruit and vegetables are scarce.3.工程师们依靠工人们的智慧，发明了一种新的生产方法，使生产率得以提高。

Drawing on the wisdom of the workers, the engineers invented a new production method that led to increased productivity.4.他花了许多时间准备数学考试，因此当他获知自己只得了个B时感到有点失望。

He spent a lot of time preparing for his math exam.Hence he was somewhat disappointed to learn that he got only a B.5.我们有充裕的时间从从容容吃顿午饭。

We have ample time for a leisurely lunch.6.地方政府不得不动用储备粮并采取其他紧急措施，以便渡过粮食危机。

The local government had to draw on its grain reserves and take other emergency measures so as to pull through the food crisis.unit3 1.萧伯纳在他一个剧本的前言中提出这样的看法：今天人们比在中世纪时更加迷信。

In the preface to one of his plays, Bernard Shaw advances the idea that people are more superstitious today than they were in the Middle Ages.2.丈夫死后，她只好独自挑起抚养五个孩子的经济重担。

After her husband died, she had to bear the severe financial burden of raising five children by herself.3.证明或驳斥某个观点的最好办法之一是从亲身经历中举出例子。

One of the test ways to prove or refute a point is to cite examples from your own experience.4.亨特说贝蒂老是夸大他的缺点，这话很可能会引起一场争吵。

Hunt’s statement that Betty always exaggerates his faults may well lead to a quarrel.5.科学家发现产生日全蚀这一现象的原因之前，每当黑暗在大白天 降临时人们就怕得要命。

Before scientists discovered the cause of the total eclipse of the sun, people were extremely frightened when darkness fell in the middle of the day.6.一家人聚拢来讨论经济问题时，父亲一开头就说，每月存点钱是绝对必要的，遇到紧急情况，我们可以依靠积蓄。

When the family gathered to discuss matters of finance, Father started off by saying that it was absolutely necessary to set aside some money each month, for in an emergency we could fall back on our savings.unit4 1.这几个省的强队在会上一致宣布他们将参加下一届全国足球赛。

The strong teams from these provinces declared unanimously at the meeting that they would take part in the next national football matches.2.乔治因踢了对方球员企图使他丧失比赛能力而受到重惩。

George was severely punished for kicking an opponent in an attempt to put him out of action.3.药物学家们做了一系列实验来试验这种治癌新药；听说过此事的医生正急切地等着结果。

The pharmacologists have carried out a series of experiments to test the new medicine for cancer, and doctors who have heard of this are anxiously awaiting their result.4.那位业余歌手在歌吟比赛中击败了众多的职业歌手，真令人难以置信。

It is incredible that the amateur singer could have beaten the large number of professionals at the singing contest.5.我在打猎归家途中，看到史密斯先生和他的孩子们正使劲把汽车推出烂泥地，就赶紧走过去帮助他们。On my way home from hunting, I found Mr.Smith and his children straining to get their car out the mud and went immediately to help them.6.市领导 为国家赢得荣誉的运动员 举行了宴会，其中有一名来自我县的杰出 田径运动选手。

The city leaders held a banquet in honor of the sportsmen who had won glory for our nation, and among them was the outstanding track-and-field athlete from our county.unit5 1.我确信这项所谓明智的决定，与期望相反，会带来极其严重的后果。

I am convinced that, contrary to expectations, the so-called informed decision will bring very grave consequences.2.诚然，他曾欺骗你，但他已经承认自己做错了，并道了歉。所以你不应该老是以怀疑的态度对待他。It’s true he once deceived you, but he has admitted he has done wrong and apologized.So you shouldn’t always treat him with suspicion.3.他在这个问题公开进行讨论之前就已表明了自己的立场。He had taken a stand on the issue before it was openly debated.4.在调查过程中，他们发现了种种形式的政治腐败，并揭露了许多贪官污吏

In the course of their investigation, they discovered various forms of political corruption and exposed a number of corrupt officials.5.玛丽的两难处境是：把真相告诉老板从而失信于她的同事，还是让老板蒙在鼓里从而辜负他的信任。Mary’s dilemma was whether to betray her colleagues by telling her boss the truth or to betray his trust by keeping him in the dark about it.6.首先，是什么使你认为这项规划会促进改革？其次，你怎么知道这些改革会让全县得到好处？ Now, in the first place, what has made you think this program will promote reforms, and in the second, how do you know these reforms will benefit the whole county?

unit6 1.从书中吸取知识的最有效办法之一，是在页边空白处 作有见地的笔记。

One of the most effective means of absorbing knowledge from a book is to make intelligent notes in the margins.2.热天很难保藏食品，使之保持新鲜与食用安全。很自然，很多人觉得在夏季还是不上饭店为好。In hot weather it is rather difficult to preserve food and keep it fresh and safe to eat.Naturally, many people prefer not to eat in restaurants during the summer months.3.阅读时在作者强调的论点底下划线，对我们会有所裨益。

It will do us good to underline the points that the author emphasizes in his book.4.经过好几天侦察，警方终于弄清这起谋杀案和新近发生的越狱事件有关。

After days of inquiry the police finally tied up the murder with the case of the recent escape from prison.5.我想劝说他们采纳我们的计划，首先因为这一计划所需资金较少，其次，不会造成环境污染。I want to persuade them to adopt our plan, because, in the first place, it calls for less funds and, in the second place, it will not cause environmental pollution.6.父亲用绳子把芹菜（celery）扎在一起，放在河里浸了浸，然后拿到菜场去卖。

Father bound the celery together with a rope and dipped it in the river for a while before he took it to the market for sale.unit 7 1.法庭的判决引起史密斯先生的朋友们的气愤，他们相信他是无辜的。

arouse anger / innocent

The court’s judgment aroused anger among Mr.Smith’s friends, who believed that he was innocent.2.当我们经过那家价格昂贵的餐馆时，父亲催我们快走，他说在这样高档的地方用餐是大大超过我们的经济能力的。

hurry sb along / a fancy place / well beyond our means

As we passed the expensive restaurant, father hurried us along saying that it was well beyond our means to have dinner at such a fancy place.3.老师在评价一篇文章并给它打分时，可能是根据 总的印象 而不是根据仔细的分析。

evaluate / grade / on the basis of / general impression / rather than / detailed analysis

A teacher may evaluate and grade an essay on the basis of his general impression rather than on a

detailed analysis.4.小狗将我的一张画搞坏了，我真想 对 它发火，可它那十分可爱的样子使我不禁笑着把它从地上抱了起来。

ruin / be inclined to / get angry at / could not help

I was inclined to get angry at the puppy for ruining my painting but he was so cute that I could not help but laugh and pick him up.5.如今人们理所当然地认为家里总是有自来水的，然而就在不久前，几乎人人都是从井里或小溪里向家里提水。

nowadays / take it for granted that

Nowadays people take it for granted that their homes have running water, but only a short time ago almost everyone had to carry water from a well or a stream to their home.6.安东尼彻夜未眠，因为他对于是否得插手此事举棋不定。

stay up all night / take a hand in / can not make up one’s mind

Anthony stayed up all night because he just could not make up his mind whether or not to take a hand in the matter.unit 8 1.上个周末，我们开车外出度假，希望避开城市的喧嚣和污染，可是汽车途中抛锚我们只好乘出租车回家。

get away from / break down

Last weekend we drove out on vacation hoping to get away from the noise and pollution of the city, but the car broke down on the way and we had to return home by taxi.2.请你注意并非所有的学生都愿意出席毕业典礼，所以学校才要求凡是想领取毕业证书的毕业生都得出席。

mind you / the graduation ceremony / require(从句谓语要用虚拟语气)/ graduating students

Not all of the students, mind you, are willing to attend the graduation ceremony so the school has to require that all graduating students attend the ceremony if they want to receive a diploma.3.对于妇女在社会中的地位问题，我们的许多看法来自封建时代，与今天的社会是格格不入的。

the role of women in society / derive from / be not relevant

Many of the ideas we have about the role of women in society are derived from feudal times and are not relevant in today’s society.4.如今人们的流动性比以往任何时候都大，这也许就是为什么移动电话十分普及的原因。

mobile / than ever before / mobile phones

People today are more mobile than ever before;perhaps this is why mobile phones have become so common.5.几乎每个孩子都曾梦想去太空旅游，体会一下在失重环境下生活是什么样子。

virtually / dream of / experience / in a gravity-free environment

Virtually every child has dreamed of traveling in space and experiencing what it would be like to live in a gravity-free environment.6.我们学校鼓励学生独立思考，不要受老师观点的束缚。

do independent thinking / restrict

Students of our school are encouraged to do independent thinking and not to be restricted by the teacher’s point of view.unit 9 1.任何一个国家，如打算为它的年轻一代提供一个可靠的未来，就应把环境保护 放在优先地位。

the younger generation / a secure future / environmental protection / give priority

Environmental protection should be given priority for any country that plans to provide a secure future for the younger generation.2.与 宁静而和平的乡村生活 相比，城市生活既闹又吵。

compare with / quiet and peaceful / rural life / hectic and noisy

Life in the cities is hectic and noisy compared with rural life which is quiet and peaceful.3.在许多国家，学校要求学生每天早晨上课前向国旗 宣誓效忠。

require / the flag of one’s country / pledge loyalty to…

In many countries schools require students to pledge loyalty to the flag of their country before beginning class every morning.4.干旱对环境的影响比水灾对环境的影响更具破坏力，因为干旱持续的时间更长。

the impact of a drought on the environment / be more destructive / last for a longer period of time

The impact of a drought on the environment can be more destructive than that of a flood because it lasts for a longer period of time.5.洪水退走后，士兵们到村里帮助把水排出田里，以便及时重新种上庄稼。

recede / drain the water out of the fields / replant

When the flood receded, the soldiers came to the villages to help drain the water out of the fields so that crops could be replanted in time.6.有一个时候，每个人起码都认识几个邻居，可如今人们似乎太忙，无暇相互接触。

at one time / at least / stay in touch with one another

At one time everyone at least knew some of their neighbors, but today it seems that people are too busy to have time to stay in touch with one another.unit 10 1.退休的人如果找不到什么事情可做，常会意志消沉。

retired people / be depressed

Retired people are often depressed if they can’t find something to do.2.为了帮我们准备好参加辩论，教练要我们经常注意与我们自己的论点 相悖的论点。

be aware of / arguments / reverse

To prepare us for the debate, the coach wanted us to be always aware of the arguments that are quite the reverse of ours.3.在工作日全家都忙着干活，但一到周末他们喜欢坐进汽车开到附近乡下兜风。

on weekdays / be busy working / drive around the nearby countryside

On weekdays the whole family were busy working, but when the weekend came they loved to get in the car and drive around the nearby countryside.4.医生往往为自己能够医治好病人罕见的疾病 而自豪。

prides oneself on / cure / a rare disease

A doctor often prides himself on the ability to cure his patient of a rare disease.5.如果不按时将书归还图书馆或到期前不续借，就得按规定 罚款。

not renewed before they are due / in accordance with regulations / pay a fine

If books are not returned to the library on time or not renewed before they are due, a fine must be

paid in accordance with regulations.6.总的说，很少有人不抱怨自己的工作的，然而一旦他们不能工作了他们又会不高兴。

on the whole / complain about

7.如何改进英语专业精读教学 篇七

近两年来，我院外语系学生专四通过率下降。此外，从近三年每学期的期中测评上看，学生对精读课教师的评价集中在：重点难点不突出，课堂气氛不活跃。而教师则抱怨学生基础越来越差，不配合，学习自主性和兴趣低。精读课教师和学生互不满意的这种情况，相信在每个学校多多少少都存在。众所周知，大一、大二是专业技能打基础的阶段，低年级精读课有四大任务：(1)提高阅读理解能力，培养独立分析思考能力;(2)培养逻辑思维能力;(3)扩大词汇;(4)增加文化背景知识。[1]

因此，如何提高英语专业精读教学的效果，解决上述问题，就成了当务之急。下面，笔者就从影响教学质量的三大因素着手谈谈如何解决这一问题。

二、教学方式的改变

笔者发现，本系所采取的教学模式基本上还是传统英语教学法，以讲授语言传授语法文化知识为主。语言点、词汇句法语法的讲解占了课堂大部分时间。课堂交际有限，其中又大多围绕词义、句意、语法知识来进行。虽然传统教学法在帮助学生打基础方面有一定的积极作用，但它的弊端也较明显：长期以教师为中心的“注入式”“填鸭式”的讲授方法，会造成学生消极被动地接受知识。学生主动参与学习的积极性不高，因而其实践能力和创新能力也得不到相应的提高。[2]

因此，要改进精读教学质量，首先要改传统教学法为交互式教学法。该教学法最明显的特征是以学生为中心，注重学生的交际能力的培养，即重视学生在知识上、情感上、智力上的需求，在课堂教学中采用培养和提高语言综合应用能力的主题教学法，并结合在教师的指导下的学生主动进行阅读和听力训练。[3]“以学生为中心”的交互式教学法要在教学过程中体现三大基本原则，一是重在培养大学生的语言综合应用能力。二是课内、课外有机结合，重在培养大学生的自学能力。三是课堂教学的设计重在满足大学生的要求，以大学生的参与为衡量标准。[4]诚然，该方式能培养学生的学习兴趣，提高学生学习的主观能动性，提高学生的英语应用能力。而要实现这一转变，又需要另外两大因素：转变观念的教师和学生。

三、教师转变观念

在这里，教师要扮演学生学习的引导者、督促者、组织者、鼓励者、建议者和评估者。[5]教师首先要了解学生已具备和欠缺的知识、不同的需求、个性的差异、不同的基础，然后进行分层次教学。比如课堂提问方面，根据Herbert (1978)按对阅读理解深浅层次的不同要求对提问的分类：字面层次类(literal level)、解释层次类(interpretive level)和应用层次类(applied level)，教师可以结合课文内容，对不同水平的学生进行提问，这样既能检测学生的预习效果或理解程度，又能照顾不同学生的心理，让每个学生都有受关注的感觉。

其次，内容安排上要注意引起学生的兴趣，增强现实性、生活性、时代性，以引起学生共鸣、有话可说为目标。比如在讲《现代大学英语精读4》Unit 14“How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?”一文时，在导入部分，笔者结合满文军吸毒入狱的新闻，先让学生看了一个吸毒版的MV《懂你》，然后就此问学生吸毒的原因、常见毒品的种类、毒品对家庭对社会的危害等问题，既调动了学生的参与热情，又自然地过渡到课文中作者对禁毒措施的观点。

最后，教师要善于提供机会培养学生的交际能力，比如设置课前Free Talk、辩论等课堂活动，充分利用师生合作交往模式和学生与学生协作交往模式，如此既能打开学生的思路，活跃课堂气氛，又能为学生运用语言能力(交际能力)提供一个平台。以Free Talk为例，在实施时，为了让学生加以重视之，笔者不仅对学生提出一定的要求(内容要充实，逻辑要清晰，回答问题时候要表述清晰，互动充分等)，还及时鼓励引导学生发言提问，避免冷场的局面出现。这样，严格的要求有助于学生养成好习惯，良好的课堂气氛有助于达到更好地交际和锻炼口语的效果。

当然，要实现这一点，精读老师要具备宽广的知识面、流利的口语，还要注意及时调整教学节奏;教学策略上则要超越纯语法型的讲解，言简意赅，由点到面，由外到内，深挖课文。

四、学生转变观念

现在英语开课的时间越来越早，但在经历小学、初中、高中十几年的学习后，大多数人却属于“哑巴英语”、“聋子英语”一族。这和我们的考试指挥棒和考试制度不无关系。现在对英语的听说在初高中里普遍缺少足够的重视。在中小学阶段，英语教学普遍采用传统的语法翻译教学法。学生在升入初高中后，面对的是教师语法词汇知识的讲解，阅读和完型填空的机械操练，临近考试时则采用题海战术。久而久之，学生就形成了这样一种认知图式：英语的学习，听说交际不实用，在得高分上远不如对词汇和语法的投资见效。而在依然还以教材为主要阵地的背景下，课文的学习被学生当作最重要的任务。[6]所以才会出现这样的情况：老师在讲，在提问，学生大多低头看书，以沉默不语为应答。这对学生交际能力的提高百害而无一利。可见，学生急需改变观念和在课堂上的学习方式。

1. 重视英语听说能力。

这样，学生才有可能把教师的引导当成是锻炼机会，才会有参与意识。从另一角度来说，学生的听力和口语水平提高了，才会更有底气和信心在课堂上发言，才能真正参与到课堂活动中来，才能从根本上改变课堂气氛沉闷的局面。

2. 提高自学意识。

只有做好课前的准备工作，在教师指导下主动探索、主动获取，只有认真完成教师分配的任务，学生才能更好地配合教师，才能使以学生为中心的教学法有实现的根基，才能真正成为课堂的主人，才能最终在自我发展、自我完善的过程中不断提高英语五项技能。

3. 提高合作学习的意识。

学生要意识到由于自身基础、理解能力、生活经历等方面的不同，对同一问题的理解会有不同，所以需要交流，也需要利用这样的机会自我营造锻炼口语的氛围。此外，为了完成教师分配的任务，尤其是小组活动，也需要合作，而且这也为日后职场中的teamwork(团队合作)打下基础。

有了上述观念，学生在课堂上就会改变消极的课堂应对行为，变得更加注意听讲，积极配合教师，充分发挥学习主体这一角色的作用，活跃课堂气氛，获得好的学习效果。

五、结语

受传统教学方式的影响，精读课要改变现状不是朝夕之事。教师只有积极采用新的交互式教学法，真正做到以学生为中心，师生都改变观念，努力从自身做起，提高自身素质，提高参与配合意识，精读课的教学才会有转机。

摘要：本文从我院英语专业精读课的现状出发, 探析了影响精读教学质量的因素, 并寻求改变现状提高教学效果的对策。

关键词：英语专业精读教学,教学质量,提高

参考文献

[1]李莉文.试谈英语专业基础阶段的精读教学[J].西安外国语学院学报, 2000, (3) :45-47.

[2]徐艳甲.论大学英语精读课存在的问题及解决方法[J].湖北广播电视大学学报, 2008, (5) , Vol.28:138.

[3]朱丽骏.新型英语精读教学探微[J].中国民航飞行学院学报, 2008, (3) , Vol.19, No.2:46.

[4]张红妹, 张国辉, 田秀峰.大学英语精读教学模式的研究与探索[J].中国电力教育, 2008, (9) 上, 总第120期:234.

8.大学英语精读中的写作教学 篇八

关键词：写作英语教学

英语写作是体现英语语言运用能力的一个重要方面，也是各类考试的必考题型之一。在历年的大学英语等级考试中，写作一直是困扰着众多考生的题型。本文就大学英语写作教学中普遍存在的问题及解决这些问题的途径进行了分析探讨。

一、大学英语写作教学中普遍存在的问题

1、没有单独开设写作课，没有专门的写作教材。对于绝大多数学校来说，平时授课时，教师在有限的时间内完成了听力、阅读、词汇等教学任务后，几乎没有时间顾及到学生写作能力的培养和提高，最多只是向学生介绍一下写作时应注意的事项，传授一些写作技巧，而没有让学生去练笔。

2、语言知识薄弱，词汇量缺乏，表达词汇能力低。在英语写作过程中，要么不知从何下笔，要么常常因为找不到合适的词语表达自己的思想而不得不放弃许多有一定内容和深度的观点、想法，转而去写他们认为可以用英语表达的简单思想，这就影响了其思想的正确表达。

3、语句结构不严谨，句际段落连接层次不明显。传统的教学方式过多注重语言点和语法结构的分析，而忽略了对篇章结构方面知识的讲授，这就导致了学生不知道如何把所观察到的事物、现象加以概括、归纳。

二、解决上述问题的有效途径

1、长期不懈地实施大学英语写作教学，使其贯穿于精读教学中。写作能力的培养和提高不是一朝一夕的，必须靠日积月累。教师可以把写作训练融入到精读课教学中，把写作教学当成精读课的一个环节。具体实施起来可以是：首先，训练学生写英文提纲。每个单元课文教授时都要系统地给学生讲授段落分层和大意，给学生一个立体的提纲式文章结构。讲授之后，要求学生根据文章大意、结构提纲等写出英文提纲。其次，可以让他们试着改写所学课为口语练习课的小故事。最后，在精读课每个单元课后都有一道论述题，内容多是对本篇文章中心的深度思考。可以先在课前提出，为课后练习提前打好小组讨论的基础。学生往往会在交流讨论的过程中产生新的想法，积累大家的想法，避免文章内容空洞。

2、强化语言基础知识，提高写作自主性。语言基础知识是影响英语写作能力的一个重要因素，因此，在课堂教学中，教师应有意识地对学生加强这方面的训练，帮助他们多积累词汇，多掌握不同的句式结构，掌握同义词、近义词，并注意它们之间辨析；同时，给学生提供在谋篇布局方面常用的关联词、过渡性词语和套语，并要求他们在写作时有意识地尝试使用。最好多应注意培养学生的写作自主性，只有当学生有了写作的想法，他们才会更好地去学习、吸收所学的知识及技巧，并将其运用到自己的写作中。

3、着重语篇训练，采用从段落到句子的反向分析法。大学英语教学不应该只局限于讲授词汇、句子结构，还应该培养学生具备超出句子层次、进行语篇分析的能力，从原来那种部分到整体的教学模式转向从理解整篇内容入手，获得一个总体印象，然后分段找出中心思想和重要信息，使学生在了解课文内容的同时，搞清楚段与段、句与句之间的关系，明白它们是怎么衔接的、怎样支撑每段的中心句及全文的主题的。

4、用学生互查法检验写作成果。平时对单词、词组的小测验可采用学生互评的方法进行检验。扩大到句子或是段落写作上，也可以采取学生互评的方式。这样做能够让学生第一时间得知考试的结果，马上进行错误改正，得到教师的及时指导。在学生互评时，教师不妨引导学生从以下几个方面入手：(1)从宏观上检查中心思想是否阐明，各段的主题思想是否与全文的中心思想相吻合，各段之间是否衔接连贯，过渡是否流畅、自然；(2)段落中各句之间、句子与主题之间是否连贯，行文是否流畅；(3)句子的语法是否正确，用词是否恰当；(4)是否有拼写方面的错误等。

三、结论

写作水平体现了学生的语言综合运用能力，而写作能力的培养和提高不是一朝一夕的，这些都使得大学英语写作能力的培养成为一个长期的、不容忽视的任务。要提高学生的英语写作能力，教师必须将写作教学贯穿于整个精读教学过程中，进行扎实的语言基本功训练，注意提高学生驾驭文章整体思路的能力，同时激发学生的写作热情和写作自主性。只有这样，才能真正做到长期对学生的英语写作能力进行训练，也才能使学生的英语写作能力从根本上得到提高。

参考文献

[1]蔡基刚 英汉写作对比研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社, 2001: 7。

[2]祈寿华 高级英语写作指南[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2 001:46。

[3]王宗炎 语言学和语言的应用[M].上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 1998:48。

[4]郭铭华 论母语在外语教学中的作用[J].外语与外语教学, 2002( 2):24－27。

[5]王寅 英汉语言宏观结构区别特征[J].外国语，1990，（6）。