英语名词单复数变化规则(精选9篇)
1.英语名词单复数变化规则 篇一
1. 一般在名词词尾加“-s”
map—maps地图
bird—birds鸟
orange—oranges 桔子
bike—bikes自行车
2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加“-es”
box—boxes盒子
class—classes班级
watch—watches手表
dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具
3. 以o结尾的无生命的名词后面加“-s”
photo—photos相片
radio—radios收音机
zoo—zoos动物园
以o结尾的有生命的名词后面加“-es”
tomato—tomatoes西红柿
potato—potatoes土豆
hero—heroes英雄
negro—negroes黑人
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“-es ”
baby—babies婴儿
family—families家庭
以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加“-s”
boy—boys男孩
toy—toys 玩具
5. 以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为v加“-es”
knife—knives小刀
wife—wives妻子
leaf—leaves树叶
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2.名词复数的不规则变化 篇二
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如: an Englishman,two Englishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2)单复同形 如: sheep(绵羊);fish(但fishes表种类);Chinese(中国人);Japanese(日本人);Swiss(瑞士人);li(里);jin(斤);yuan(元);mu(亩);li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters deer(鹿);1).Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill.2).Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.3).All possible means have been tried, but none has worked.4).a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people(人们),a police(警察),a cattle(牛),但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle 或 two people(persons);three police(policemen);four cattle(head of cattle)。the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如: The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
(1)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
有些集体名词,如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数.例如:All the machinery in the factory is made in China.(2)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
集体名词,如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用.The city council is meeting to set its agenda.(3)a committee,etc.of +复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数.例如: A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。b.news 是不可数名词。c.the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses(眼镜)trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers
6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现: scissors(剪刀);goods(货物);trousers(裤子);clothes(衣服);glasses(玻璃杯)等, 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:
Do you know where my trousers are? 你知道我的裤子在哪儿吗?
一、通过内部元音变化的方法来构成复数形式。
man→men(男人)woman→women(女人)
foot→feet(英尺,脚)tooth→teeth(牙)
goose→geese(鹅)mouse→mice(老鼠)
louse→lice(虱子)
二、词尾加-en构成。
ox→oxen(牛)child→children(孩子)
三、以f或fe结尾,在构成复数时,去掉f或fe加-ves。half→halves(半)thief→thieves(贼)wife→wives(妻子)life→lives(生命)knife→knives(小刀)wolf→wolves(狼)
calf→calves(小牛)shelf→shelves(架子)
leaf→leaves(叶)loaf→loaves(面包的块、条)
sheaf→sheaves(捆)self→selves(自己)
四、单、复数相同的形式。
one sheep(一只羊)→two sheep(两只羊)
a deer(一只鹿)→two deer(两只鹿)
a Chinese(一个中国人)→two Chinese(两个中国人)
五、有些名词只有单数形式。
advice(劝告;忠告)information(信息)
luggage(行李)knowledge(知识)
rubbish(垃圾)furniture(家具)
六、有些名词通常只有复数形式。
compasses(圆规)clothes(衣服)
pyjamas(睡衣裤)trousers(长裤)
breeches(马裤)pants(短裤)
goods(货物)binoculars(双筒望远镜)
pliers(钳子)scissors(剪刀)
scales(天平)arms(武器)
premises(房屋)
七、合成名词,将主体词变为复数形式。
passer-by→passers-by(过路人)brothers-in-law(姐夫)sisters-in-law(嫂子)
八、由man和woman构成的合成名词,两个构成部分都要变成复数。
man worker→men workers(男工人)
woman doctor→women doctors(女医生)
英语单位词和名词搭配 1.一般性的表示个数的量词:
这一组中主要有piece, bit, item, article 等词,但piece具有独特的地位,在使用其他词的地方一般都可使用piece 代替之.比如: piece a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc.一片肉/一张纸/一片面包/一首曲子/一条信息/一件家具/一台机器等
bit a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc.一条消息/一块木头/一条建议/一件麻烦事等
item an item of news/crime/program/business, etc.一条新闻/一宗罪行/一个项目/一笔生意等
article an article of export/ furniture/ clothing/ luggage, etc.一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等
2.以形状表示个数的量词:
bar a bar of chocolate/candy 一块巧克力/一块糖
bunch a bunch of flowers/grapes/ keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串钥匙 cake a cake of soap/ice一块肥皂/一块冰
cluster a cluster of stars/flowers/animals一群星/一束花/一群动物 comb a comb of bananas 一串香蕉 drop a drop of rain/ blood 一滴雨/一滴血 ear an ear of corn/wheat一棒玉米/一穗麦子
flight a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows一段楼梯/一阵箭雨/一群麻雀 flock a flock of workmen/criminals/boys 一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩 head a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep 一头卷心菜/一块花菜/一头羊 lump a lump of sugar/coal/clay一块糖/一块煤/一块土 spiral a spiral of mosquito incense 一盘蚊香
slice a slice of meat/bread/beef一片肉/一片面包/一块牛肉 swarm a swarm of bees一群蜜蜂
bevy a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies 一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士 gathering a gathering of friends一帮朋友 clump a clump of trees一丛树林
pack a pack of rascals/wolves一群流氓/一群狼
3.表示容积的词:
bottle a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒 bowl a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米饭/一碗粥 pail a pail of water 一桶水 glass a glass of beer 一杯啤酒 cup a cup of tea 一杯茶
handful a handful of soil 一抔土 spoonful a spoonful of oil 一汤匙油 mouthful a mouthful of snow 一口雪 truckload a truckload of steel 一卡车钢材 a packet of cigarette一包烟 4.表示行为动态的量词: fit a fit of laughter 一阵笑声 peal a peal of thunder 一阵雷声 flash a flash of light 一道闪电
display a display of force 一番武力展示
特点一:英语量词词组所表示的数或量,大致可归纳为四种类型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。
1.表示定量的量词词组,譬如:
a couple of(两个、一对)—a couple of days,a couple of players,a couple of times a cupful of(一满杯)—a cupful of jelly,a cupful of water a portion of(一份/客)—a portion of duck,a portion of roast beef 2.表示不定量的量词词组,譬如:
a majority of(大多数/大半)—a majority of opinions,a majority of votes an atom of(一点)—an atom of food,an atom of truth a spell of(一阵/一段时间)—a spell of fine weather,a spell of coughing 3.表示大量的量词词组,譬如:
a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇),a flood of tears(泪如泉涌)a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土),a heap of customers(许多顾客)a mountain of—a mountain of debts(债台高筑),a mountain of difficulties(困难重重)
4.表示少量的量词词组,譬如:
a drop of—a drop of fever(有点热度),a drop of dew(一点露水)
a particle of—a particle of feeling(一丝感情),a particle of dust(一点灰尘)a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一点怀疑),a shadow of freedom(一点自由)
特点二:有些数量词组修饰可数名词,有些数量词组修饰不可数名词,还有些则两者均可修饰。
1.修饰不可数名词的量词词组,譬如:
a bit of—a bit of English(一点英语),a bit of good advice(一些好意见),a bit of interest(一点兴趣)
a shred of—a shred of evidence(一点证据),a shred of cloth(少量布),a shred of reputation(一点声誉)
a sheet of—a sheet of glass(一块玻璃),a sheet of water(一片汪洋)2.修饰可数名词的量词词组,譬如:
a cluster of—a cluster of flowers(一簇花),a cluster of spectators(一群观众),a cluster of bright stars(闪烁群星)a string of—a string of pearls(一串珠子),a string of curses(连续不断的咒骂),a string of excuses(一连串借口)
a scram of—a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),a scram of geese(一群鹅),a scram of children(一群孩子)
3.修饰(不)可数名词的量词词组,譬如:
a body of—a body of bees(一群蜜蜂),a body of cold air(一股冷空气),a body of facts(许多事实)
a block of—a block of ice(一大块冰),a block of flats(一幢公寓),a block of houses(一排房子)
a chain of—a chain of ideas(一系列想法),a chain of accidents(一连串事故),a chain of proof(一连串证据)
特点三:有些数量词组的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配则比较灵活。1.搭配固定的量词词组,譬如:
a barrel of—a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),a barrel of crude oil(一桶原油)a basket of—a basket of eggs(一篮鸡蛋),a basket of apples(一篮苹果)a line of—a line of trees(一行树),a line of poetry(一行诗)
2.搭配较灵活的量词词组,譬如:
a piece of—a piece of paper(一张纸),a piece of furniture(一件家具),a piece of equipment(一台设备)
a round of—a round of spirit(一巡酒),a round of diplomatic talks(一轮外交谈判),a round of toast(一片烤面包)a bar of—a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力),a bar of soap(一条肥皂),a bar of light(一束光)
一. 指事物形状的单位词:
1. 条状,块状
bar 较规则形状的长方块,长方条 例:a bar of chocolate/soap/goad/iron/candy block 大块的木头/金属/石头等,常指至少有一面是平面的块。例: a block of ice(海中漂的大块冰)/marble cake 规则的方块,形似切好的方块蛋糕
例:a cake of soap/ice(冰冻而成的规则冰块)
lump 无固定形状的块状 例:a lump of sugar(散装的糖结成的块)/earth/coal loaf 规则形状的大长方块,常指未切片的大块长面包或腌肉 例:a loaf of bread/bacon grain 细小的颗粒 例:a grain of salt/sand strip 狭长的一块,常指土地或布等材料的形状 例:a strip of land/cloth 2. 片状,薄页状
piece 从大的物体上分离下来的薄片状或一小段,一小截,也用来说明抽象名词的数,如一条新闻,建议等。
例: a piece of bread/paper/ sheet 原意指床单,用作单位词指床单状相似的薄片状物体 例: a sheet of paper slice 从事物上切下来的薄片 例:a slice of bread/bacon blade 原意指刀锋,作单位词指刀片状的狭长且薄的物体 例:a blade of grass cut 原作动词切,作单位词指用刀切一下产生的量 例: a cut of meat
3.其他形状(都与单位词原始意义相关)ear 植物长出的一部分,如人体与人耳的关系
例:an ear of corn/barley/millet/wheat drop 水滴状(指液体)例:a drop of blood/water/oil/rain flight 排列有序的一段/一溜/队 例:a flight of stairs/steps/arrows speck 斑点状大小 例:a speck of ink/dirt stick 细长如短棍状 例:a stick of chalk/candle 二. 指按事物排列置放方式的单位词:
bunch 一串/伙 指同一性质的事物串在一起的量 例:a bunch of keys/grapes/bananas bundle 一捆/扎 指事物被绑缚在一起的量 例: a bundle of clothes/straw/sticks cluster 一簇/团 指丛生的植物或密密匝匝在一起的群 例:a cluster of flowers/bees/islands packet 一小包的量 例:a packet of cigarettes series 相关的事物组成的一个系列 例:a series of films/lectures tuft 一绺/撮,常指从同一底部而生的物 例:a tuft of hair/grass/feathers 三. 与人相关的群的表达单位词:
group 泛指各种群体 例:a group of people army 为了某一目的自愿组成的团体 例:an army of volunteers/soldiers band 常指为同一目的组成的乐队 例: a band of musicians bunch 一伙干坏事的人 例: a bunch of rascals gang 一帮/伙犯罪团伙 例: a gang of thieves batch 指一批加入的成员 例:a batch of recruits bench 常指一条长椅坐满的人的数 例:a bench of examiners/judges board 常指会议或委员会全班人马或全体委员 例: a board of directors choir 常指合唱团或唱诗班 例: a choir of singers congregation 常指定期的宗教性质的集会 例: a congregation of prayers crew 常指在一条船上或同一飞机上的工作人员 例: a crew of sailors crowd 常指拥挤的人群 例:a crowd of people mob 常指混乱无秩序的暴动的人群 例:a mob of demonstrators pack 一伙(贬义)例: a pack of thieves party 指出席晚会的所有来宾 例: a party of guests staff 常指一个单位所有的员工 例: a staff of teachers team 常指参赛的团队 例:a team of players troop 常指行军中的队伍 例:a troop of soldiers troupe 常指演出的班子,团队,尤指芭蕾舞团,马戏团 例: a troupe of actors/dancers
四. 与动物相关的群的表达单位词:
brood 一窝孵出的幼小动物 例:a brood of chickens litter 一窝胎生的幼小动物 例: a litter of puppies/little pigs swarm 大量的移动中的鸟类或昆虫,尤指蜂王后跟随的蜂群 例: a swarm of bees bevy 唧唧喳喳的聚集在一起的大的群体 例: a bevy of birds cluster 密密匝匝聚集在一堆的群 例: a cluster of bees/ants flock 同一种类的禽类或兽类 例: a flock of birds/sheep herd 放牧的动物群或群聚生存的动物群 例:a herd of cattle/deer pack 野兽的群体 例: a pack of wolves shoal/school 尤指鱼群 例:a shoal/school of fish field 遍地的分散的群 例:a field of cattle 五. 指盛装事物的容积的单位词:
bottle 细长的有颈的瓶子盛的量 例:a bottle of milk/wine cup 矮的瓷杯,有耳的杯子,常用来盛咖啡或茶的杯子的量 例:a cup of tea/coffee glass 常用来盛水或酒的玻璃杯的量 例:a glass of water/wine can/tin 常指铝质的装食品或饮料的罐的量 例:a can of food/a tin of peas bucket 常指有提手的小提桶的量 例:a bucket of water/sand bowl 一碗所盛的量 例:a bowl of rice/soup jar 常指陶制的坛子或罐子 例:a jar of strawberry jam truckload/trainload 一卡车或一火车所装载的量 例:a trainload of goods/coal 六. 其它指方式或状态的单位词:
fit 常指轻微的疾病如咳嗽的突发,较短暂,也指抑制不住的强烈的感情,冲动 例:a fit of temper/coughing/laughter peal 常指发出的大而宏亮的声音 例:a peal of thunder/laughter/lightning burst 常指突发的短暂而巨大的潜力或作的努力 例:a burst of cry/speed/energy flash 常指如闪电般迅速短暂的一瞬 例:a flash of lightning/light ray 一道/线,常指好事或所希望的事出现的点滴迹 例:a ray of hope/sunshine/comfort roll 常指滚滚的大的声音 例:a roll of thunder
抽象名词的归纳
一.表示“好”的品质、性格等方面的词语
1.devotion / loyalty 忠实/忠诚;/faith /faithfulness /fidelity 忠实/诚实;allegiance忠贞,效忠;2.honesty/ sincerity /cordiality 诚挚,诚恳;hospitality 热情好客 friendliness 友好;amity友好;3.credit /trust/credibility 信任,信用;reliability 可靠性
4.confidence/reliance 信心,依靠;diligence/industry/hard work努力, 勤奋;courage/bravery 勇气, 勇敢;cooperation/collaboration 合作, 协作;solidarity/unity 团结;
5.sympathy/compassion/pity同情,怜悯;mercy 仁慈,可怜;benevolence 善意,仁慈; 6.appeal /attraction/ temptation/ lure/enticement / 吸引力 7.humanity 人类,人性,人道,仁慈;humanities 人文学科 8.harmony 和谐;peace 和平;appreciation 欣赏 9.ingenuity /creativity/ 创造力,灵活性
10.dignity /self-respect/self-esteem / reverence 尊严,自尊,高贵 11.courtesy/manners/politeness /humility 谦卑,礼貌
12.innocence 无辜,清白;prestige 威望,名望;魅力,吸引力;reputation/fame/ 名声,名誉
13.perseverance毅力;persistence 坚持;mercy /beneficence/ goodness / kindness 仁慈,善良
14.integrity = honesty正直,诚实; 15.conscience 良心,良知;morality 道德观;values价值观
16.admiration / adoration 崇拜,敬爱;aspiration/desire/longing 希望,渴望;ambition 抱负,理想,野心
17.thank/ gratitude/gratification 感谢,感恩,满意 18.generosity 慷慨,大方;reward 回报,奖赏
19.joy/happiness/pleasure/ rejoice/ elation/ cheerfulness 快乐,高兴,愉快 20.craftiness/ cuteness/shrewdness/ smartness/ cunning 21.prudence/ carefulness/ caution/ 谨慎,小心
二.表示“不好”的品质、性格等方面的词语
1.immorality 不道德;hypocrisy /dishonesty虚伪 hypocritical /dishonest虚伪的,伪善的
2.deception /fraud/ trickery /cheat /lie /betrayal /humbug /swindle / hoax/ trick/mislead/ coax/ deceit/ lie 欺骗;欺诈;哄骗
3.fiction/illusion / legend/ tales /fantasy/myth/anecdote 虚构,假想 4.slyness 狡猾,fox 狡猾的人 , abjection 悲惨,下流,卑鄙
5.guilt 罪行,内疚;anxiety/worry/apprehension / 焦虑,着急;gloom/sadness/grief /melancholy /dismal 忧郁,郁闷,悲伤
6.irresponsibility 不负责任;insecurity 不安全/ terrorism 恐怖 7.cruelty / bloodiness/ brutality 残忍,残酷,8.discrimination/ bias/ prejudice/ injustice/ inequality/ unfairness歧视,偏见,不公平;grievance 冤枉,委屈,不平
9.agony/ misery/ sadness/ distress/ pain /suffering/ anguish/ grief / sorrow /woe / grief痛苦,伤害, 悲哀
10.abuse 滥用,虐待,辱骂,毁谤;misuse 误用
11.timidity 胆怯,胆小;shyness/ coyness;coward ness 胆小鬼 12.disorder /disturbance/ mess/ chaos混乱,骚乱,失调,疾病
13.rage / anger/ fury/ annoyance /anguish/irritation 生气,怒火;indignation 义愤填膺,愤慨
14.handicap/barrier/obstacle/ hindrance/ barricade/problem 障碍,阻碍,问题 15.crisis/ crunch/ pinch危机,匮乏;deficit / shortage /lack /scarcity / deficiency /scanty 缺乏,不足;for want/lack of 因为缺乏 16.contempt/ despise /scorn 轻视,蔑视
17.superstition 迷信;disorder/ mess/trouble/chaos 无秩序,混乱
18.plague/disaster/accident/catastrophe/mishap/calamity/tragedy祸害,灾难,事故;victim 受害者;casualty 伤亡,死亡;/mortality 死亡率;
19.restriction/limitation/ confinement/restraint 限制,制约,抑制 20.vice /sin / wick/ evil 罪恶,邪恶
21.nightmare = bad dream;self-doubt 自我怀疑;22.nonsense 废话,胡说;nuisance 讨厌的人或物 23.conspiracy /plot 阴谋,密谋
24.distortion 歪曲,扭曲;disrespect 失礼,无礼 25.imprudence /carelessness/ 粗心,不谨慎
26.abnormality 不正常,反常,变态;arrogance 傲慢,骄傲;blind pride 骄傲自大 27.absurdity/ silliness/ ridicules/ mock/ mimic/taunt/jeer荒谬,可笑,嘲笑,辱骂
28.envy/ jealousy/ 嫉妒,羡慕;arrogance 傲慢
29.hardship / adversity 逆境,艰难,患难;plight 困境,艰难;dilemma 两难处境,艰难处境
30.shame/ humiliation 丢脸,羞愧
31.embarrassment / awkwardness 尴尬,难为情;harassment 骚扰,困扰 32.indifference/coldness/insensitivity 冷漠,无情 33.suffering/ pain/ ache /hurt/ injury 痛,痛苦,伤害 34.despair 绝望;collapse 崩溃,倒塌 35.hostility 敌对,敌意;revenge 报复,复仇 36.plague 瘟疫,苦恼,灾祸;epidemic 流行病
三.其它一些重要的名词
1.pastime /recreation/ entertainment/amusement/diversion 消遣,娱乐 2.discipline 纪律,惩罚;学科,院系 3.abstract 摘要;抽象派作品 4.acquaintance 熟人,了解,认识 5.triviality /trifles/ 琐事 6.enterprise /drive 进取心,奋斗 7.bearing /behavior / 行为举止
8.obligation / duty / responsibility /liability 责任,义务 9.odor/smell/scent/ 气味,味道;perfume/ fragrance香味,10.offspring / descendant /posterity/ 子孙,后代,产物;ancestor/forefathers/ predecessors祖先,前辈,先辈
11.option/choice/alternative/ selection 选择,挑选
12.impetus / incentive/ motive /motivation/ momentum/ push/ spur/ driving force 动力,推动力,鞭策
13.ingredient /factor/ element/ part/ component/ facet/segment/ portion/ fraction/section/ share 方面,因素,部分,成分
14.discrepancy /difference/ distinction /differentiation / disparity / polarity 差异,不同 15.resemblance / links / similarity/ connection/ parallel / bond/ tie/ association/analogy /correspondence/ combination /relation/ relationship 相似性;联系;相关性
16.category /classification / class / group / kind /sort/ type 种类,分类 17.garments/ clothes/ costume /attire 衣服,服装;dress裙子shirt 衬衫;skirt裙子;underwear内衣;shoe/footwear 鞋子 18.penalty/punishment /fine 处罚,惩罚
19.freight /commodity/ merchandise/ goods 商品,货物
20.job/work/post/position/occupation/ profession/ career/ 职业,事业
21.固定成语:The heel of Achilles / Achilles’ heel 弱点,短处;the old Adam 本性,私欲
22.genuine 真心的;authentic 可信的,真实的;
个体名词:
表示某一类人或事物中的个体名词。(单个的人或者事物)有单数和复数之分。
例如:a boy—boys,a child—children,a country—countries
集体名词:
表示作为一个整体和一群人或一些事物的名词。(一群人,一群事物)有的集体名词有单数和复数之分,有的只有复数,没有单数。
例如:a class—classes,a family—families,people,clothes,trousers,jeans,shorts,glasses(眼镜)
物质名词:
表示 无法分为个体的物质 的名词。
例如:air,water,cotton,meat,food,iron,wood等。
抽象名词:
表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念和一些看不见的事物的名词叫抽象名词。
3.英语中名词的复数形式-规则变形 篇三
规则变形:
1)一般情况下(大多数)词尾加s:
book→ books
pen → pens
bag → bags
teacher→ teachers
parent→ parents
tree→ trees
2)名词以s, x, sh, ch结尾时,(为了发音清晰)加es:
kiss→kisses
tax→ taxes(税)
brush→ brushes
lass→lasses(小姑娘)
box→ boxes
wish→ wishes
peach→ peaches
match→ matches
3)以o结尾的名词有些加es,有些加s:
tomato→ tomatoes
potato→ potatoes
echo→ echoes(回音)
hero→ heroes(英雄)
Negro→ Negroes(黑人)
veto→ vetoes(否决)
但以两个o或者两个元音字母结尾时只加s(如果再加es,则有ooe三个元音连在一起,不太好念。英语中很少允许三个元音字母在一起):
bamboos(竹)
radios
zoos
cuckoos(布谷鸟)
kangaroos(袋鼠)
studios(画室)
embryos(胚胎)
有些以o结尾的外来词只加s:
photos(照片)
solos(独唱 )
pianos(钢琴 )
kilos(千克 )
memos(备忘录)
Filipions(菲律宾人)
Eskimos(爱斯基摩人)
有些加s或者es都可以:
motto(e)s(座佑铭)
cargo(e)s(货物)
volcano(e)s(火山)
buffalo(e)s(水牛)
banjo(e)s(班卓琴)
tornado(e)s(龙卷风)
4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾时,改y为i,再加es(便于发音清晰):
city→ cities
country→ countries
county→ counties(县)
注意:“元音+y”结尾时不能改y,直接加s,因为如果改y为i, 整个词形和发音会产生很大影响:
√boy → boys
√toy → toys
√guy → guys
×box → bois
5)以f或者fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v再加es(为了发音清晰):
wife→ wives
self→ selves
loaf→ loaves (面包片)
wolf→ wolves (狼)
thief→ thieves
knife→ knives
shelf→ shelves (书架)
half→ halves
leaf→ leaves
但是,“两个元音字母+f”结尾时只加s(不能再变f为浊音v再加es,那样听起来会太硬):
roof → roofs(屋顶)
proof → proofs(证据)
chief → chiefs(首领)
hoof → hoofs(马蹄)
个别词两种形式都可以:
scarf→ scarfs, scarves(围巾)
dwarf→ dwarfs, dwarves(矮人)
4.英语语法 复数变化规则变化 篇四
1)一般情况加s 例如:map-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens bag-bags car-cars
(清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音和元音后读/z/,/s/、/z/、/dʒ/等音后发/iz/)2)以s, sh, ch, x结尾加es,读/iz/。
例如:bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes 3)以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加es,读/iz/。例如:baby---babies city-cities country-countries 4)以y结尾的专有名词或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s,读/z/
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
5)以辅音字母+o结尾的,加es,读/iz/。
例如:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes Negro-Negroes 6)以元音字母+o结尾的,直接加s,读/z/。
例如:zoo-zoos bamboo-bamboos studio-studios tobacco-tobaccos kilo-kilos 7)以o结尾的外来词和缩写词,直接加s,读/z/.例如:piano-pianos photo-photos 8)以元音字母+f或fe结尾的,直接加s,读/z/。
例如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes
9)以辅音字母+f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v,再加es,读/vz/。例如:half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
10)以f或fe结尾的,有的既可以加s,也可以变f或fe为v,再加es。例如:scarf-scarfs/scarves zero-zeros/zeroes[1] 不规则变化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters。
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:
people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle.4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。b.news 为不可数名词。
c.the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:
“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses(眼镜)trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers等。
6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。7)有些表示生物的名词,其复数形式与单数相同。如:fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deer。这类名词还有aircraft, means等 不可数名词量
1)物质名词
a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
比较:Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数)These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如: This factory produces steel.(不可数)We need various steels.(可数)
c.当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:
Our country is famous for tea.我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please.请来两杯茶。
2)抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:
four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water a piece of advice
a pile of caol a flash of lightening a burst of laughter 编辑本段其他定语名词
名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。
1)用复数作定语。例如:
sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系
2)man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如: men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3)有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如: goods train(货车)arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷
4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如: two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划 各国人单复数
名称 总称(谓语用复数)一个人 两个人
中国人 the Chinese
a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss
a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians
an Italian two Italians 希腊人
the Greek a Greek
two Greeks
法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese
a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians
an Indian two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians
a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a German two Germans
英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish
5.名词单复数变化 篇五
一、最常见的就是直接在名词后面+s Boy—boys(男孩)cat—cats(猫)room—rooms(房间)horse—horses(马)tree—trees(树)rose—roses(玫瑰)
二、如果名词是以x、s、sh、ch结尾的,在名词后面+es Branch—branches(树枝)match—matches(火柴)fox—foxes(狐狸)class—classes(班级)bus—buses(公交车)Box—boxes(箱子)watch—watches(手表)dish—dishes(盘子)coach—coaches(车厢)couch—couches(沙发)
三、如果名词是以辅音加y结尾的,要变y为i加es;如果不是以辅音结尾的,就直接在y后面加上s Family—families(家庭)study—studies(学习)party—parties(派对)baby—babies(宝贝)city—cities(城市)
Boy—boys(男孩)toy—toys(玩具)way—ways(方法、路)monkey—monkeys(猴子)key—keys(钥匙)
四、当名词是以fe或f结尾的,要变fe或f为v,再加es;有的直接加s Thief—thieves(小偷)shelf—shelves(书架)leaf—leaves(树叶)half—halves(一半)Wolf—wolves(狼)life—lives(生活、生命)wife—wives(妻子)knife—knives(刀)Roof—roofs(房顶)belief—beliefs(信念)proof—proofs(证据)
五、当名词是以o结尾有生命的加es,没有生命的加s Potato—potatoes(土豆)tomato—tomatoes(西红柿)
hero—heroes(英雄)Photo—photos(相片)zoo—zoos(动物园)radio—radios(广播)piano—pianos(钢琴)
六、名词复数不规则变化
Child—children(小孩)mouse—mice(老鼠)man—men(男人)woman—women(女人)German—Germans(德国人)
Englishman—Englishmen(英国人)Frenchman---frenchmen(法国人)foot—feet(足,脚)tooth—teeth(牙齿)1)单复数同形
6.常用不可数名词、不规则复数 篇六
bread面包
beer啤酒
cloth布
coffee咖啡
cream奶油
dust尘土
gin杜松子酒
glass玻璃
gold黄金
ice冰
jam果酱
oil油
paper纸
sand沙
soap肥皂
stone石头
water水
juice饮料
wine葡萄酒
wood木头
advice忠告
beauty美丽
courage勇气
death死亡
experience经验
fear担心
help帮助
hope希望
horror恐惧
information消息
knowledge知识
tea茶
mercy仁慈
pity同情
relief救济
people人物 suspicion猜疑
work工作
baggage行李
camping露营
damage伤害
furniture家具
luggage 行李
parking停车
shopping购物
weather天气
money金钱
a bit of news一件消息
a cake of soap一块肥皂
a drop of oil一滴油
a grain of sand一粒沙子
a pane of glass一块玻璃
a piece of advice一条忠告
a pot of jam一罐果酱
a sheet of paper一页纸
a box of milk一盒牛奶
* 如果一个名词所代表的事物,“切”成两半之后仍为该物,那它就是不可数名词;反之则为可数名词。(water、bike)
只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。
名词复数的不规则变化
1)child---children
foot---feet
tooth---teeth
mouse---mice
man---men
woman---women 2)单复同形 如:
deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British。4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
7.英语名词单复数变化规则 篇七
教学目标:1.能够理解可数名词的含义。2.能够理解可数名词变复数的规则。3.能够准确运用可数名词变复数的规则。教学重难点:1.能够理解可数名词变复数的规则。2.能够准确运用可数名词变复数的规则。学情分析:学生能够分辨出单词的词性是否属于名词,但对于可数名词和不可数名词的区分,概念上还是有些模糊。特别是对于可数名词复数形式的理解及运用还存在一定问题。教学步骤: 一.开课导入:
1.A guessing game:What’s in the pencil case ? How many _________ in the pencil case? 2.点题:
二.新授课:(通过PPT呈现)
1.什么是名词?名词的分类有哪些? 2.什么是可数名词?它有哪两种形式? 3.自主学习微课-----可数名词变复数的规则
4.组内交流你所记得的可数名词变复数的规则,比比谁记的多?
5.对子间互相考一考:一人说单词,一人说出对应的复数形式,看谁说对的个数多? 三.巩固操练:名词可数变复数专项练习
名词可数变复数专项练习一.写出下列名词复数
leaf______ box_______ knife_______ fox______ bus______ dish_____ ruler______ glass_____ pencil________
boy______
zoo______
man______ sheep_______ key______ story______ bamboo______ family______ day_____ fish_____ goose____ Chinese _______ deer _______ foot______ child_______ tooth_______ hero_______ boss_____ monkey______ 二.用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空: 1>I have two ______(pencil-box).2>There are three ______(chair)in the classroom.3>These _______(tomato)are red.4>______(hero)are great.5>My brother looks after two ______(baby)6>There are some ______(deer)eating the grass.7>My father likes to eat _______(potato).8>Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.9>I have a lot of ______(toy)in my bedroom.10>I help my mother wash ______(dish)in the kitchen.三.选出正确形式
8.英语名词单复数变化规则 篇八
词尾变化规则总表:名复
单三
现
形
过 词尾情况 一 般 s,x,sh,ch
e 单元音+1个辅音 辅+y 名(词)复(数)
+s
+es
+s
ⅹ y—i,+es
名复单三不双写
单三
+s
+es
+s ⅹ y---i,+es
现(分)
+ing
同上
哑e 去 ,+ing 双写词尾+ing ⅹ
现分没有y变i
形(副等级)+er, est see
hard quick cold clever new narrow sour round smart loud mean stupid wild dull quiet black warm sick bright cool near weak bald young straight tall short long calm deep cheap strong high slow dark great blind dumb deaf full poor real few gray polite(少用)often(2)
过(式,分)
+ed
play help open stay fix clean listen finish borrow join return pour perform rain work check wait pick laugh mix end fear call happen fail fold answer return look talk plant annoy knock review hang(绞死)
形(副等级)+er, est
同上
+r, st
双写词尾+er, est y---i,+er(est)more, most +…..形过变化样样有
过(式,分)
+ed
同上
+d 双写词尾+ed y---i,+ed
词尾变化规则总表:名复
单三
现
形
过 词尾情况
1、一 般 名(词)复(数)
+s cat month ticket Korean American Australian Indian Russian Canadian Italian German Jew European human boy monkey day way key photo piano radio zoo kilo mango(少用)
2、e
e +s
e +s hope come
哑e 去 ,+ing live come write take have
单三
现(分)
+s open listen clean play stay say
+ing go
study
open fix open listen
clean
sneeze(打喷嚏)see
e +r, st
fine free close nice able white blonde sore true large safe handsome lame true sure cute(2种)
e +d
skate love like dance change practice close die live receive retire advice argue hate smile exchange smoke agree lie(说谎)sneeze打喷嚏
3、单元音+ 1个辅音 名 复
单 三
不 双 写 双写词尾+ing sit begin shop run forget plan hit put set clap star主演 hiccup打嗝
双写词尾+er, est
red big hot thin fat sad slim flat mad
双写词尾+ed
stop plan fit drop shop chat(聊天)trip(绊倒)kid(欺骗)star 主演hiccup打嗝
4、辅+y, y—i y—i,+es y---i,+e现分没有y变i y---i,+er(est)
easy happy healthy early busy ugly curly funny scary pretty angry cloudy sunny rainy windy lovely friendly unfriendly unhappy unlucky furry tiny guilty greedy heavy moody lively thirsty lazy hungry sorry empty crazy silly pushy lucky shy(2种)
y---i,+ed
study cry marry carry worry city factory country baby s family library dictionary
carry study
5、s,x,sh,ch,o
+es
+es
glass box watch dish catch wish bus negro hero
watch potato fix
brush go do tomato mango
五种词尾变化
名词变复数不规则变化 f,fe---v+es thief—thieves(小偷)self—selves(自己)leaf—leaves(叶子)life---lives(命)half---halves;(一半)wife---wives(妻子)shelf—shelves(架)knife---knives(刀)
wolf—wolves(狼)roof—roofs(屋顶)chef—chefs(厨师)scarf—scarfs,scarves(围巾)词形不变 变成e 只有复数 形复实单 形单实复 特殊变化
合成 名 词 只变一词 两词都变 Chinese Japanese sheep deer Swiss 中日羊鹿瑞士人
man---men Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen foot---feet tooth---teeth clothes pants trousers shorts scissors(剪刀)compasses(圆规)glasses(眼镜)news maths politics physics cattle people police 谓语用复数 child---children mouse--mice boy student---boy students night school---night schools pencil sharpener--sharpeners woman doctor---women doctors man singer---men singers 动词的现在分词形式不规则变化 词尾情况 ie 规则 ie----y,+ing
例词 die tie lie 形容词、副词的比较级、最高级形式不规则变化 不
规
则
变
化 原级 good/well bad/ill many/much little far 多数 多音节词 more,most +原级 useful famous quickly beautiful creative serious outgoing amazing awful exciting excited interested famous intelligent expensive inexpensive tired honest wonderful interesting fantastic sadly beautifully delicious slowly open difficult carefully beautifully deeply careless active athletic original foolish wrong right casual casually nervous unusual usual modest natural pleased realistic popular loving inexpensive comfortable convenient crowded truly exhausted embarrassed convincing careless careful carefully enormous completely particularly quickly quietly aggressive specifically disappointed disgusted successful suitable educational gradually unpleasant pleasant polite(2种)common(2种)
比较级 better worse more less farther further late later latter old older elder
最高级 best worst most least farthest furthest latest last oldest eldest
词义
距离 程度 时间 顺序 年龄关系 兄弟姐妹关系
五种词尾变化
五种词尾变化
GO FOR IT
PT PP
meaning 让 允许 阅读 放 置 花费 打 砍 切 割 伤害 弄伤 撒 抛 投 root form let read put cost hit cut hurt cast pt let read put cost hit cut hurt cast shut set spread overcast broadcast forecast burst caught taught thought bought sought fought brought swept wept kept slept dreamt learnt burnt built
bent spent sent paid said stood understood misunderstood sold gave forgave told dealt
pp let read put cost hit cut hurt cast shut set spread overcast broadcast forecast burst caught taught thought bought sought fought brought swept wept kept slept dreamt learnt burnt built bent spent sent paid said stood understood misunderstood sold given forgiven told dealt
meaning 喂 遇见 感觉 嗅,发出 拼写 损坏,宠坏
root form feed meet feel smell spell spoil
pt fed met felt smelt spelt spoilt found held heard had lost left made shot shone sat babysat spat won bled fled rebuilt overslept dug lied laid lay beat wove rose arose drove took mistook shook blew grew knew drew threw flew showed saw
pp fed met felt smelt spelt spoilt found held heard had lost left made shot shone sat babysat spat won bled fled rebuilt overslept dug lied laid lain beaten woven risen arisen driven taken mistaken shaken blown grown known drawn thrown flown shown seen
发现,找到
find 举着,握着 听见 有,吃 丢失,失去 离开,留下 制造,使得 射击 射伤 照耀 发光 坐 临时照顾 吐,吐唾液 打赢,获胜 出血 逃跑 改建 睡过头 挖 撒谎 放置 下蛋
躺 敲打,振翅 编织 上升,升起 发生,呈现 驱使 驱赶 拿走,带走 误认为 摇动 挥动 刮风,吹 生长,种植 知道,了解 画,拖,拉 投掷 抛 飞行 展示 看见,看望
hold hear have/has lose leave make shoot shine sit babysit spit win bleed flee rebuild oversleep dig lie lay lie beat weave rise arise drive take mistake shake blow grow know draw throw fly show see 关闭
shut 沉入 安置 传播 展开 使阴暗 广播 预测 爆炸 捕捉 赶上
教书 教学 想 认为 买
搜寻 追求 打架 打仗 带来 扫 哭泣 流泪 保持
睡觉 梦到,做梦 学习,学会 燃烧 建 设 弯曲,弯腰
花费,度过 发送,派遣 付钱
说 站立
明 白 误 解
卖 给 原谅 告诉 处置,对付
set spread overcast broadcast forecast burst catch teach think buy seek fight bring sweep weep keep sleep dream learn burn build bend spend send pay say stand understand misunderstand sell give forgive tell deal
五种词尾变化
意味着 粘 坚持
说 讲话 醒 唤醒 选择 结冰,冰冻 偷 撕开 撕破 穿着 带着 骑 写 禁止 躲藏 咬,叮 来 成为 击败 跑 游泳 唱歌 下沉 响铃 喝酒 饲养 领导
喂 临时照顾
mean stick speak wake awake choose freeze steal tear wear ride write forbid hide bite come become overcome run swim sing sink ring drink keep lead feed babysit meant stuck spoke woke awoke chose froze stole tore wore rode wrote forbade hid bit came became overcame ran swam sang sank rang drank kept led fed babysat
meant stuck spoken woken awoken chosen frozen stolen torn worn ridden written forbidden hidden bitten come become overcome run swum sung sunk rung drunk kept led fed babysat
是 落下 降落 吃 喝 打破,折断 开始 做 走,去 悬挂 绞死 蜿蜒,曲折 点燃,照亮
能,能够
不得不 必要(实)必要(情)敢
(实)敢
(情)能,可能 可能,可以 必须,一定 应该,理应 即将,将会 即将,将会 过去常常 展示 拼写
be fall eat break begin do go hang hang wind light light be able to have to need need dare dare can may must ought to shall will---------show spell
was/were fell ate broke began did went hung hanged wound lighted lit was able to were able to had to needed----------dared-----------could might must-----------should would used showed spelt
been fallen eaten broken begun done gone hung hanged wound lighted lit been able to had to needed-----------dared---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------shown spelt 5
五种词尾变化
7下不规则动词的过去式 汉语 1 A-A 必 让 放 读 花 打 砍 伤 2 –ew 画 长 知 扔 示 飞 3-ought 想 来 买 4-aught 教 抓 5 –o-断 忘 说 动词原形 1 A--A must let put read cost hit cut hurt 2 –ew draw grow know throw show fly 3 –ought think bring buy 4 –-aught teach catch 5-o--break forget speak 过去式 1 A—A must let put read[] cost hit cut hurt 2 –ew[:] drew grew knew threw showed flew 3 –ought[:] thought brought bought 4-aught[[:] taught caught 5 –o—[] broke forgot spoke
写 拿 卖 诉 弄 骑 开 站 懂 6 –e— 留 见 意 睡 离 握 扫 感 落
喂 7 –-a--始 喝 跑 唱 游 给 坐
write take sell tell get ride drive stand understand 6–e— keep meet mean sleep leave hold sweep feel fall feed 7 –-a--begin drink run sing swim give sit
wrote took sold told got rode drove stood understood 6 –e—[] kept met meant slept left held swept felt fell fed 7 –-a--[] began drank ran sang swam gave[] sat be动词是 是 是 9 助动词 可 能 将 将 做 做 10----t 花 建 丢 11其他 来 去 生 有 有 看 听 说 吃 找 花 躺 be动词am is are 9 助动词 may can will shall do does 10----t spend build lose 11其他 come go bear have has see hear say eat find pay lie be动词was was were 9 助动词 might could would should did did 10----t spent built lost[] 11其他 came went bore [:] had had saw heard said ate found[] paid lay GO FOR IT
PT PP(八下常用)
meaning 让 允许 阅读 放 置 花费 打 砍 切 割 伤害 弄伤 沉入 安置 root form let read put cost hit cut hurt set pt let read put cost hit cut hurt set shut caught taught thought bought fought
pp let read put cost hit cut hurt set shut caught taught thought bought fought
meaning 到达 绞死 悬挂 照亮 撒谎 躺 下蛋
敲打 来 成为 跑 给 驾驶
拿走
root form get hang hang light lie lie lay beat come become run give drive take
pt got hanged hung lit lied lay laid beat came became ran gave drove took
pp got hanged hung lit lied lain laid beaten come become run given driven taken 关闭
shut 抓 教 认为 买
打架 catch teach think buy fight 6
五种词尾变化
带来 扫 保持
睡觉 梦 学会 燃烧 建 设 度过 发送,派遣 付钱
说 站立
明 白 卖 告诉 意味着 遇见 喂 感觉 闻 拼写 发现
握着 听见 有 丢失 离开 制造 坐 临时照顾 获胜 bring sweep keep sleep dream learn burn build spend send pay say stand understand sell tell mean meet feed feel smell spell find hold hear have/has lose leave make sit babysit win brought swept kept slept dreamt learnt burnt built
spent sent paid said stood understood sold told meant met fed felt smelt spelt found held heard had lost left made sat babysat won
brought swept kept slept dreamt learnt burnt built spent sent paid said stood understood sold told meant met fed felt smelt spelt found held heard had lost left made sat babysat won
误认为 摇动
吹 生长 知道 画 投,抛 展示 飞 看见 是 落下 吃
打破 讲话 醒 选择 偷 穿着 生 骑 写 禁止 躲藏 游泳 唱歌 响铃 喝 开始 做 去 结冰
mistake shake blow grow know draw throw show fly see be fall eat break speak wake choose steal wear bear ride write forbid hide swim sing ring drink begin do go freeze
mistook shook blew grew knew drew threw showed flew saw was/were fell ate broke spoke woke chose stole wore bore rode wrote forbade hid swam sang rang drank began did went froze
mistaken shaken blown grown known drawn thrown shown flown seen been fallen eaten broken spoken woken chosen stolen worn born ridden written forbidden hidden swum sung rung drunk begun done gone frozen 规则与不规则的动词过去式、过去分词(八下常用)leave make sit become run give hurt set shut grow know think buy
lie(说谎)lie lay beat come swim put blow drive take catch teach die
like mistake shake be let read love cost hit cut fall eat get
五种词尾变化
fight bring sweep keep mean meet feel send pay say stand understand sell plan shop break tell hang forbid hide listen clean fix change worry hear join look feed show freeze babysit perform rain call end pick annoy knock
stay marry draw throw fly see stop have/has light win speak wake choose steal wear bear ride write burn build spend sing ring drink begin live return answer retire check pour spell fold happen fear work wait collect
9.英语名词单复数变化规则 篇九
第一章词类第一节词类
名词(Noun)
硕士研究生考试有关名词的试题主要涉及名词的可数与不可数、名词的单复数形式、集体名词在数上的主谓一致和单数名词以复数形式出现及名词单复数同形的问题。
一、名词的单复数
(一)不可数名词
a little/some/much/considerable/a great (good) deal of/a lot of (lots of) /plenty of/a large amount of/a large quantity of/a wealth of(大量)/heaps of (大量的) +不可数名词
例句: The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man being Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in 15th century.
(1995年第14题)
分析: 该句是复合句,其中that man...navigator是一个独立主格结构,进一步解释说明one man; who lived...是非限制性定语从句,解释说明Prince Henry。
译文: 葡萄牙人给了这位促进海上旅行的人很多荣誉,此人便是15世纪的航海家亨利王子。
例句: If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(选自Part C)
分析: 该句是复合句。主句we may well believe...中带有that引导的宾语从句, if引导的条件状语从句中包含that引导的从句作realizing的宾语,短语made headway in...的.意思是“在某方面取得进展”。
译文: 每个机构的最终价值在于其对人类的独特影响,如果人类在对此的认识上已有所进展,那么我们也许完全可以相信这种经验已在与年轻人打交道的过程中学会了。
(二)复数可数名词
some/a lot of (lots of) /plenty of/a large quantity of/a wealth of/heaps of/a few/the number of/a number of/quantities of/a great many (of) +复数可数名词
例句: Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they?ve apparently learned is when to stop. (选自20Use of English)
分析: 该句是并列句,在第二个句子中they?ve apparently learned是一个省略关系代词的定语从句,修饰things。
译文: 许多别的物种能够学习,而且它们已经明显学会的东西之一就是何时停止学习。
例句: But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. (选自年Part B)
分析: 该句是简单句。其中短语“in favor of ”的意思是“赞成,支持;有利于”。
译文: 但在20世纪初,许多人类学家也反对文化特殊论,转而支持文化传播论。
(三)单复数形式相同的名词
meansseriesspeciessheep
deerfishgrouse(松鸡)plaice(鲽鱼)
swine(野猪)Vietnamese(越南人)Viennese(维也纳人)Japanese
ChinesePortugueseSwisscraft
aircraftspacecrafthovercraft(气垫船)
例句: The data received from the two spacecraft whirling around Mars indicate that there is much evidence that huge thunderstorms are occurring about the equator of the planet. (第18题)
分析: 该句是复合句,主干是the data...indicate that..., 其中received...Mars作定语修饰the data;that huge...the planet是evidence的同位语从句。
译文: 环绕火星的两艘宇宙飞船接收到的数据表明, 有充分的证据表明该行星的赤道附近正下着大暴雨。
例句: Crisis would be the right term to describe the decline in many animal species. (第33题)
译文: 许多动物物种日渐减少, 用危机一词来描述再恰当不过了。
(四)下列两类名词只有复数形式, 与动词复数连用
表示由两部分组成的物体名词,如:
calipers(卡钳)glasses scales(磅秤)pants
pliers(钳子)scissors trousers shoes
jeans shorts(短裤)
这些名词作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,前有a pair of修饰时,谓语的单复数由pair的单复数决定。
例句: I?m going to weigh my luggage: are there any scales?
译文: 我想把行李过一下磅,有磅秤吗?
例句: The girl wears sun glasses, which were bought from the glasses? line, and a pair of old ones has been broken.
译文: 姑娘戴着从眼镜行买来的太阳镜,而那副旧眼镜已经折断了。
另外还有: arms goodsclothes
contents headquarters minutes(会议记录)
regards(敬意) wages respects(敬意,问候)
thanks fireworks(烟火)archives(档案)
例句: My wages are the principle source of my income.
译文: 薪金是我收入的主要来源。
(五)有些名词虽以s结尾,却表示单数概念,谓语动词用单数形式
1. 学科名称:
politics linguistics
physics economics
mathematics ethics
electronics informatics
mechanics(力学) statistics
acoustics(声学)athletics
phonetics(语音学)
例句: Talk to anyone in the drug industry, and you?ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered. (第8题)
分析: 该句是复合句,talk to anyone in the drug industry是祈使句,that引导宾语从句,since引导时间状语从句。
译文: 与从事药品工业的人一交谈,你就会发现自从盘尼西林被研制出以后,遗传学是对药品研究最大的冲击。
2.游戏名称,如: checkers(跳棋)、darts(投镖游戏)、billiards(弹子戏)、cards(纸牌)以及专有名词,如 Naples(那不勒斯),the United States,the New York Times等,但表示瀑布、山脉、岛屿的以s结尾的专有名词常表复数。
例句: Today, the snooker billiards becomes an international sports activity that the people of various countries like.
分析: 该句是复合句,that the people of various countries like作定语修饰sports activity。
译文: 今天,斯诺克台球已经成为各国人民普遍喜爱的一项国际性的体育活动。
例句: Naples is an important seaport of the southwest in Italy.
译文: 那不勒斯是意大利西南部的一个重要海港。
(六)集体名词数的问题
1. 有些集体名词后接单数动词,如:
merchandisepoetry machinery furnitureluggage
baggage foliage(树叶)
例句: Modern machinery has been installed in the company.
译文: 公司已经安装了现代化的机械。
例句: This class of merchandise is usually sold on D/P(documents payment) basis.
译文: 这种商品通常在付款交单的基础上出售。
2.有些集体名词后接复数动词,如:
people police poultry clergy(教士)
vermin(害虫)cattle militia(民兵)
例句: These vermin are harmful to the plants, so they must be got rid of.
译文: 这些害虫对庄稼有害,应该尽快把它们消灭掉。
例句: All the poultry in Hong Kong were destroyed to stop the threat.
译文: 为了消除威胁,香港屠杀了所有家禽。
3.有些集体名词,如:
audience boardfamily class couple crew
committeegovernment jury party team public
company
做整体讲时,谓语动词用单数;当看做集体的各个成员时,谓语动词用复数。
例句: My family are fond of playing bowls, so they never miss the program involved.
译文: 我家人都喜欢顶碗的游戏,所以很少错过相关节目。
例句: My family is a big one, and so it is called extended family by neighbors.
译文: 我们家是一个大家庭,于是邻居们常称我们家为大家庭。
注: 需要强调个体时,集体名词一般应使用单位词,如:
three heads of cattle 三头牛
a piece of luggage 一件行李
(七)有些名词单复数形式不同,词义也发生变化
例如: air(空气)――airs(样子,摆架子)
anxiety(焦虑)――anxieties(令人忧虑的事)
brain(大脑)――brains(智力)
custom(风俗)――customs(海关)
damage(损坏)――damages(赔偿金)
delicacy(微妙)――delicacies(山珍海味)
disorder(混乱)――disorders(小病,病痛)
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