形容词和副词高

2024-12-19

形容词和副词高（精选9篇）

1.形容词和副词高篇一

形容词和副词的比较

一、同级比较的特殊点

在as ... as1结构中，若形容词作定语修饰单数可数名词，不定冠词a (an)应置于形容词和名词之间，不可放在形容词之前。例如：

她和你的父亲一样是个好老师。

[误] She is as a good teacher as your father.

[正] She is as good a teacher as your father.

二、比较级的特殊句型

1. “the + 比较级 + of the two”表示“两者中较……的一个”。例如：

Wang Gang2 is the taller of the two boys.

2. “比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越……”，注意多音节形容词或副词用“more and more + 多音节形容词或副词原级”。例如：

The days are getting longer and longer.

English is becoming more and more important3.

3. “The + 比较级……， the + 比较级……”表示“越……越……”。例如：

The busier he is, the happier he feels.

三、最高级的特殊句型

1. “one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”表示“最……之一”。例如：

China is one of the largest countries in the world.

2. “the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 单数可数名词”表示“第几……”。例如：

The Yellow River is the second longest river of China.

3. 当最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，其前不加the;若两个最高级并列使用，后一个最高级前也可以不加the。例如：

He is our best friend.

Liu Fang4 is the youngest and shortest girl in our class.

四、级与级之间的转换

1. 原级与比较级转换的常见句型：

① not so (as) +单音节形容词或副词+ as → 单音节形容词或副词的反义词比较级 + than。例如：

Tom is not so(as) tall as John.

→ Tom is shorter than John.

② not so (as) + 多音节形容词或副词 + as → less5 + 多音节形容词或副词原级 + than。例如：

Tom is not so(as) careful as Mary.

→ Tom is less careful than Mary.

2. 比较级间的转换：常改变比较对象的位置并使用形容词或副词的反义词。例如：

John is younger6 than Bill7.

→ Bill is older than John.

Li Mei comes earlier than Ma Hong every day.

→ Ma Hong comes later8 than Li Mei every day.

3. 比较级转换为最高级的常见句型：

① 比较级+than + any other + 单数名词。例如：

Zhang Lei is taller than any other student in his class.

→ Zhang Lei is the tallest student in his class.

② 比较级 + than + the other + 复数名词。例如：

Mike is younger than the other boys in his class.

→ Mike is the youngest boy in his class.

③ 比较级 + than + anyone9 else。例如：

Mr Smith is fatter than anyone else in his office.

→ Mr Smith is the fattest in his office.

扩展：名词变复数变化规则综述

一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces

二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。

读音变化：统一加读[iz]。

例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes

三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories

四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes

反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos(外来词); photo→photos; macro→macros(缩写词)

五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。

例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves

反例：roof→roofs

六、以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词)，通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。

读音变化：尾音[Es]改读[ai]，其中[kEs]要改读为[sai]，[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。

例：fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti

七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。

读音变化：尾音[is]改读[i:z]。

例：axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes

八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。

例：matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例：affix→affixes

九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。

读音变化：去掉鼻尾音[m]。

例：forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua

十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。

读音变化：尾音[E]改读[i:]。

例：larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae

十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。

读音变化：保持原音。

例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon1→salmon

十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。

读音变化：没有规律。

例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen

十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：

例：ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren

十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词

例：analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基础; datum→data数据; foot→feet;

formula→formulae/formulas公式; goose→geese; louse→lice虱子; man→men

mouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;

parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号; phenomenon→phenomena现象; radius→radii 半径

tooth→teeth; woman→women

十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的

例：deer; fish; cannon2; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout3 鳟鱼

十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词

例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery4机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;

traffic交通

十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多

例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears6大剪刀

trousers长裤; wages工资

十八、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示

例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父

man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰; maid-servant→maid-servants

step-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law

十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词

例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，

例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes(各种)鱼

二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

2.形容词和副词高篇二

1.Tom is_______________ (thin) in his class.

2.This part is the_______________ (little) of all.

3.I think English is one of_______________ (important) subjects in middle school.

4.This bridge is as_______________ (long) as that one, but it is much_______________ (wide) than that one.

5.It’s becoming_______________and_______________ (hard) to find a job in China.

6.Which is_______________ (difficult) , physic or biology?

7.I get up_______________ (early) .My father gets up_______________ (early) than I, but my mother gets up_______________ (early) in our family.

8.The_______________ (much) we study, the_______________ (easy) it is for us to succeed.

9.May I keep the book a little_______________ (long) ?

10.Will you please say the word again_______________ (slow) ?

II.句型转换

1.My bike is new.Jack’s bike is newer. (合并为一句)

My bike is________________________________________________Jack’s.

2.She is taller than any other student in her class. (改为同义句)

She is________________________student in her class.

3.I prefer apples to bananas. (改为同义句)

I____________apples________________________bananas.

4.I like the red coat best. (对划线部分提问)

____________coat____________you like best?

5.The flowers are very beautiful. (改为感叹句)

________________________flowers!

6.We go to the cinema once a week. (对划线部分提问)

________________________do you go to the cinema?

7.Mary gets up early.Lucy gets up earlier than Mary. (合并为一句)

Mary____________get up____________________________________Lucy.

8.He spoke so quickly that we couldn’t understand him. (改为同义句)

He spoke________________________for us____________understand him.

9.The children are working hard on the farm. (改为感叹句)

________________________the children are working on the farm!

10.They never met such a man. (完成反意疑问句)

3.形容词和副词易错题型透析篇三

1.(1995年上海卷)We don’t care if a hunting dog smells——，but we really don’twant him to smell——，

A.well，well

B.bad，bad

C.well，badly D.badly，bad

【易误透析】容易误选B，认为两个smell均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。这是1995年的一道上海高考题，最佳答案为D。句中的第一个smell为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smell badly意为“嗅觉差”；第二个smell为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smell bad意为“闻起来气味难闻”。句意为：“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它身上有味道。”

【解题指导】做这类题目时，要注意区分形容词和副词的不同作用，根据句子结构的需要推断所需是形容词还是副词。作定语、表语和补语时，要用形容词，修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句子时，要用副词作状语。

二、比较级、最高级的易错点

1.(1998年全国卷)Professor White has written SOrtie short stories，but he is——known for his plays，

A.thP hPstB.moreC.most，betterD.the

【易误透析】容易误选D。此题首先不宜选B或D，因为well known的比较级和最高级通常是better known和best known，有时也可以是more well known和most well known，但通常不能是more known和most known。至于是选A还是C，这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有stories和plays两个对象，故应选比较级，答案C。

2.(2011年陕西卷)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be———the present one，

A.as three times big as

B.three times as big as

C.as big as three times D.as big three times as

【易误透析】B as.as句型表示同级比较，倍数three times作程度状语，应该放在第一个as之前。

【解题指导】有关比较句型的题目应注意以下几点：

(1)掌握比较级的几个热点句型：

①同级比较句型：“as+原级+as”

②不同级比较句型：“not as/so+原级+as”

③表示一者程度超过另一者的句型：“比较级+than”

④表示一者的程度不如另一者的句型：“less+原级+than”

⑤表示“越来越……”的句型：“比较级+and+比较级”

⑥表示“越……，就越……”的句型：“the+比較级，the+比较级”

(2)做题时，要分析语境含义和句子结构，明确题目符合哪一个句型的需要，要确保句型使用正确，如as...as中间是否是形容词或副词的原级、less后面是否错用了比较级等。

(3)比较级前常有副词或短语作程度状语，但very/quite/fairly不用来修饰比较级。

(4)比较句型中还常用名词、数词和倍数作状语，一定要把这些状语放在比较级前或同级比较的第一个as前。

三、形容词和副词的用法辨析

1.Come and see me whenever——

A.you are convenient

B.you will be convenient

C.it is convenient to you

D.it will be convenient to you

【易误透析】

容易误选A，因为许多同学将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为if youare convenient。最佳答案为C，因为英语中的convenient不是表示“感到方便的”而是表示“使人感到方便的”，所以be convenient的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”，英语通常if it is convenient for(to)you，其中的介词可用for或to，但一般不用with。顺便说一句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作be convenient的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点：句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，例如：

Mary is convenient to see 0n Sunday，/It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday，星期天去见玛丽较为方便。

The furniture is convenient to move，/It is convenient to move the furniture，这家具搬起来很方便。

2.(2010年陕西卷)Studies show that people are more——to suffer from back prob-lems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours，

A.1ikely

B.possible

C.probable D.sure

【易误透析】B、C、D三项均有可能被选择。根据句意首先排除D；再根据上面一题的分析，排除A和C；也就是说，此题最佳答案为B。注意likely的用法，它与possible所用句型不同，请看实例：

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Are we likely to arrive in time?我们会及时赶到吗?

It’s very likely that he will ring me tonight，今晚他很可能会给我来电话。

3.(2009年天津卷)It was a nice house，but——too small for a family of live，

A.rarelyB.fairlyC.ratherD.pretty

【易误透析】A、B、D三项都有可能误选。只有rather可以与比较级以及副词too连用。rather意为“相当，有点儿”；rarely意为“很少，难得”；fairly意为“公平的，公正的，正当的”；pretty意为“相当”。答案是C。

【解题指导】做这类题要明确形容词和副词的用法区别。

四、有关形容词和副词的习惯表达

1. We were two hours late that day，which was due t0 the——，

A.crowded traffic

B.crowded traffics

C.busy trafficD.busy traffics

【易误透析】容易误选A，因为许多同学将汉语中的“拥挤的交通”直译为crowdedtraffic(s)；由于traffic不可数，排除含traffics的选项，所以许多考生便选定答案A。

其实，此题的最佳答案是C，因为英语的traffic习惯上不用crowded修饰，而用busy或h。avy修饰，以说明“交通”的“拥挤”。类似这样的在修饰语方面需特别注意的还有：

(1)汉语的“绿茶”说成英语是green tea，但相应的“红茶”却是black tea而不是red tea。

(2)可说thick soup(浓汤)，但不说thick coffee(tea)；要表示“浓咖啡(茶)”，可用strong coffee(tea)。

(3)可说thin soup(稀汤)，但不说thin coffee(tea)；要表示“淡咖啡(茶)”，可用weak coffee(tea)。

五、有关than的短语

1.(2011年全国卷)The form cannot be signed by anyone——yourseff，

A.rathPr than

B.other than

C.more than D，hetter than

【易误透析】容易误选A、c、D。句意为：“这张表格只能由你本人签字。”ratherfhan意为“而不”；other than意为“除了”，相當于but和except；more than意为“不仅仅”：better than意为“比…多、好”。故选B。

2.You are——careful than your brother，You two can’t do the work that needs careand skill，

A.not more

B.no more

C.not less D.no less

【易误透析】容易误选A。

【解题指导】要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：

not more…than=不如……

no more…than=和……一样不(否定两者)

not less…than=不如……不(即指不如less后形容词的反面)

no less…than=和……一样(肯定两者)

比较以下各句的意思：

You are more careful than he is.你比他仔细。

You are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。

You are no more careful than he is.你和他一样不仔细。

You are less careful than he is.你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。

You are not less careful than he is.你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。

You are n0 less careful than he is.你和他一样仔细。

通过以上分析，再结合句子语境，可知第2题最佳答案为B。

同类异质比较：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较，这类句子常译为“(更多的)是……，而不是”、“与其……不如……”等。例如：

He was more lucky than clever.他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。

She was more surprised than angry.她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。

This is more a war movie than a western.这更应当说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。

按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用more构成比较级，不能用-er形式，即使是单音节词也是如此。

4.love的形容词和副词篇四

beautiful普通用词，含义广泛，语气最强，指优美和谐，是一种几乎接近完美的美。指人时通常形容女人或小孩，很少用于描写男子。

fair正式用词，多用于文学中，形容女子和儿童，侧重外表的美。

handsome多用于描写男性的英俊潇洒。有时也形容女人，指其五官端正，体态秀丽。

lovely普通用词，描写人时，主要指女人和小孩的相貌，语气不如beautiful强。

pretty普通用词，语气比beautiful弱，多用于描写妇女、儿童以及小巧玲珑，精美可爱之物。

5.e结尾的形容词和副词篇五

aside adv.在(到或向)旁边；

everywhere adv.到处，无论哪里；

anytime adv. 在任何时候；无论什么时候；

else adj.别的 adv.另外；

fine adj.好的 adv.很好,妙。

★ 形容词和副词

★ q打头的形容词

★ silence的形容词和副词

★ scare的形容词和副词

★ 形容词和副词的用法

★ enjoy的形容词和副词

★ c打头的形容词形容狗

★ 不去e加ly的副词

★ happy的形容词和副词形式

6.形容词和副词高篇六

无论是汉语还是日语, 程度副词作为副词中的一大类, 在两国语法体系中所占的地位, 所发挥的作用都是不可忽视的。因此笔者一直把关于程度副词的中日对比研究作为自己的一个课题在不懈努力着。07年发表的《日汉语“程度副词+名词”结构的对比研究》 (收录于《语言学研究与应用》2007年2月) 一文主要研究了在程度副词修饰名词这一特殊语法现象中两国语言存在的异同点。而修饰形容词这一语法功能, 在日汉语中都是程度副词的主要功能之一。本文旨在分析出日汉语程度副词在修饰形容词时的异同点, 以期对日语程度副词的学习和教学有所助益。

2. 程度副词修饰形容词

为使读者一目了然, 下列例句及译文中出现的程度副词用“__”标注, 形容词用“”标注。日语例句多引用自静山社1999年出版的松冈佑子所译的日文版《ハリー·ポッターと賢者の石》 (《哈利·波特与魔法石》) , 中文例句多引用自人民文学出版社于2000年出版的由苏农翻译的中文版《哈利·波特与魔法石》, 另有部分例句出自北京日研中心2003年研发的CD-ROM版日中对译语料库。先看日语程度副词在修饰形容词时的具体情况。

2.1 日语

(1) 髪もひげもあまりに長いので、ベルトに挟み込んでいる。

对应译文:银发和银须长到都能够塞到腰带里了。

(《ハリー·ポッターと賢者の石》p16)

(2) とてもきれいな時計だ。

对应译文:那只表样子很好看。

(《ハリー·ポッターと賢者の石》p23)

(3) ここがあの子にとって一番いいのじゃ。

对应译文:这对他是最合适的地方了。

(《ハリー·ポッターと賢者の石》p23)

(4) 大丈夫、少し頭が痛いだけだと僕は答えた。

对应译文:我答说不要紧, 只是有点头痛。

(《ノルウエイの森》日中对译语料库)

从以上例句我们可以看出, 日语的形容词 (日语中形容词有两类:形容词和形容动词, 本篇论文中所指形容词为这两类的统称) 在受程度副词修饰的时候, 结构一般为“程度副词+形容词”。比如前三个例句的程度副词“あまりに”“とても”“一番”分别在形容词“長い”“きれい”“いい”前直接对其程度进行限定。但有时也有像例 (4) 那样程度副词“少し”不直接位于单个形容词“痛い”前, 而是位于形容词句“頭が痛い”前的情况。这种情况下的程度副词不仅是对单个形容词的程度进行限定, 还对形容词所修饰的这个句子的程度进行限定。

2.2 汉语及与日语的对比分析

(5) 不, 他太愚蠢了。

对应译文:まさか、自分がはなんて愚かなんだ。

(《哈利·波特与魔法石》P3)

(6) 德思礼太太这一天过得很好, 一切正常。

对应译文:奥さんは、すばらしくまともな一日を過ごしていた。

(《哈利·波特与魔法石》p3)

(7) ……那个男的显得比他年龄还大, ……

对应译文:あいつなんか自分より年をとっているのに、……

(《哈利·波特与魔法石》p2)

(8) 此时听得妈妈和姑妈又这么说, 就更加烦闷。

对应译文:いままた母と叔母からこんな風にいわれて、ますますたまらなくなった。

(《霜叶红于二月花》日中对译语料库)

以上四个例句充分说明了汉语的程度副词在修饰形容词时同样是“程度副词+形容词”的结构。程度副词“太、很、还、更加”都位于形容词“愚蠢、好、大、烦闷”前对它们的程度进行修饰。在这一点上, 可以说两国语言是相同的。但是, 仍然有不同的地方存在。那就是汉语的例句 (8) 还可以有下面这种表述方式:

(8) ’就更加的烦闷。

(8) ’和 (8) 在意思上没有什么变化, 唯一区别就是在程度副词“更加”与形容词“烦闷”间加入了“的”。可是, 并不是所有的程度副词在修饰限定形容词时都可以在中间加上“的”。比如例句 (5) (6) (7) 就不可以。因为出现在这三个例句当中的都是单音节的程度副词。在汉语当中, 单音节的程度副词在修饰形容词时结构非常紧凑, 不允许再在其间加上“的”这个助词。

那么, 日语的情况又会是如何呢?反观日语的程度副词, 不论其音节是长是短, 与形容词的结合都非常紧密, 从没在其间插入大体相当于汉语的“的”的“の”的用法。例句 (1) 的“あまりに”与“長い”也好, 例句 (3) 的“一番”与“いい”也好, 都不能在其中间插入“の”。从这一点看, 可以说日语“程度副词+形容词”这一结构的紧密性要比汉语强。

另外, 如果把以上八个例句的原文和译文进行比较, 我们也可以发现一个值得注目的现象。当日语原文中有程度副词出现时, 对应的汉语译文也基本上使用了相应的程度副词。我们看例句 (1) — (4) , 除了例 (1) 之外, 对应的汉语译文中都出现了程度副词。而事实上, 例句 (1) 也可以译成诸如“因为银发和银须太长, 都塞到了腰带里了”这样的句子, 或许是译者出于文学效果的考虑译成了原句。但反观在汉语例句中出现程度副词的情况下, 对应的日语译文却不一定使用了程度副词。就如例句 (5) — (8) , 后面所举的对应日语译文全部都没有使用程度副词。

这个现象到底是偶然还是必然呢?带着疑问, 笔者对分别出现在日语版和汉语版《哈利·波特与魔法石》中的程度副词进行了对比, 由此发现了另一个重要的现象。之前在阅读这两个版本的时候就感觉汉语版本中的程度副词要多得多, 对具体的数字进行统计之后发现结果也确实如此。当然, 其中修饰形容词的程度副词占大多数。将两个版本的小说中修饰形容词的程度副词进行统计后结果如下表所示:

注:备考栏中为修饰单音节形容词的程度副词的词数。

与汉语版中程度副词出现的次数多达571次相比, 日语版中只有239次, 与汉语版的差距高达332, 还不到其一半。

那么, 在其它小说的日汉语不同版本里, 关于程度副词修饰形容词是否也是同样的现象呢?笔者以日中对译语料库中的日语原版小说《挪威的森林》及其汉语译本、汉语原版小说《霜叶红于二月花》及其日语译本为对象进行了调查, 其结果为:日语原版小说《挪威的森林》中, 修饰形容词的程度副词为426个, 而汉语译本中则更多, 达到833个, 差为407个;汉语原版小说《霜叶红于二月花》中, 与形容词搭配使用的程度副词个数为372, 日语译本中要少182个, 差为190个。那么, 是什么原因导致出现这么大的差距呢?

对以上所列的几本小说的汉语版本中程度副词修饰形容词的语例进行进一步考察后发现, 在受程度副词修饰的形容词当中, 单音节的形容词非常多。《哈利·波特与魔法石》中有294例, 《挪威的森林》中有398例, 《霜叶红于二月花》中有198例。日本明治书院出版的《副用語の研究》一书中收录了玉村文郎的《外国語の副詞と日本語の副詞》一文, 这篇论文指出汉语是一种单音节词语。所以, 汉语中单音节的形容词多也是理所当然的。而因为在使用单音节的词语时, 其音节少而短, 容易使句子失去“平衡”, 所以经常会用其它词语或者词组进行修饰后再进行使用。比如说, 像单音节的形容词就经常和程度副词或者表示程度的词组一起使用。而且, 如果我们再仔细看看这些统计得出的数字后不难发现这样一个情况:三本小说的汉语版本中受程度副词修饰的单音节形容词的语例分别为294例、398例、198例, 与这三本小说的日汉语版本中出现的修饰形容词的程度副词的总数差332、407、182非常接近。可以说, 这个调查反映出汉语单音节词语 (单音节形容词) 多这一特征正是引起两种语言的版本中出现的程度副词有如此大的差距的主要原因。也正是这个原因, 使得汉语版本中的与形容词一起使用的程度副词的出现频率比日语的高得多。

3. 结论

通过以上考察可以总结出以下两点:

(1) 日语中“程度副词+形容词”结构的紧密性比汉语强。

(2) 因为汉语中单音节词语 (单音节形容词) 多的缘故, 程度副词出现的频率比日语的高。

摘要：无论是日语还是汉语, 程度副词修饰形容词都是其主要功能之一。但是, 关于这个功能, 两国语言中仍然存在着差异。本文旨在通过中日对比分析出两国程度副词在这一主要功能上存在的异同点, 使日语学习者和教学者能更好地把握程度副词。

关键词：程度副词,形容词,中日对比

参考文献

[1]周小兵.论现代汉语的程度副词[J].中国语文, 1995, (2) :100.

[2]张谊生.现代汉语副词研究[M].中国:学林出版社, 2001.

[3]山田孝雄.日本文法学概論[M].日本:宝文館, 1936.

[4]工藤浩.程度副詞をめぐって.副用語の研究, 1983.東京:明治書院：176-197.

7.中考英语形容词、副词考点归纳篇七

一、考查形容词的语法功能及位置

1. (2008襄樊市) Sanya is a city near the sea. It’s famous for its

_______(love) beaches.

2. (2008襄樊市) She likes doing chores at home. She is always

_______(help) to her mother.

3. (2008威海市) —Mum，the Chinese medicine tastes_______ .

—But，dear，it is good for your health.

A. good B. well C. terrible D. terribly

4. (2008包头市) Michael Jordan and Yao Ming are both_______ NBA players. But I prefer Yao Ming though Jordan became famous_______ than him.

A. successful，early B. successfully，earlier

C. successful，earlier D. successful，more early

5. (2008乐山市) When shopping，keep your eyes_______ for those energy-saving machine.

A. opened B. open C. to open

6. (2008泉州市) —Is there_______ in today’s newspaper?

—Yes. It’s raining heavily in the south of China.

A. anything new B. new something

C. new anything

7. (2008哈尔滨市) Believe yourself. You’re better than_______ . You’re the best. Wish you success!

A. anyone else B. someone else

C. else anyone

[答案与简析]

1. lovely。 lovely是形容词，在句中用作定语，修饰beaches。

2. helpful。 helpul是形容词，在句中用作表语。

3. C。 taste在此用作系动词，意为“尝起来”，后接形容词作表语，据此可排除D项。 well作形容词用时，意为“身体健康的”，与句意不符。答语中用了But，说明上下文在语义上的转折。常言道，良药苦口利于病。据此，我们可推测，此药味道不好。

4. C。第一空应该用形容词作定语，修饰名词player，这样就可排除B项。 than前面的第二空应填比较级，early的比较级形式为earlier。这样又可排除A、D两项。

5. B。 “keep + sb/sth + 形容词”意为“使某人/某物……”，open是形容词，在此用作宾语补足语。

6. A。形容词用来修饰something，anything，nothing，someone，anyone等不定代词或somewhere，anywhere等副词作定语时，应放在它们的后面，由此可排除B和C两项。

7. A。 else用来修饰复合不定代词时应位于其后，据此可排除C项。根据You’re the best，我们可以确定正确答案为A。

二、考查副词的语法功能及位置

1. (2008哈尔滨市) Please read every sentence_______ . The more_______ you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.

A. carefully；carefully B. careful；careful

C. carefully；careful

2. (2008恩施市) Don’t worry. He is_______ to look after little Betty.

A. carefully enough B. enough careful

C. careful enough D. enough carefully

3. (2008河南省) —Ms Lin is very popular among the students.

—Yes. Her classes are_______ lively and interesting.

A. always B. sometimes C. hardly D. never

4. (2008扬州市) His father was looking_______ at him because he had made a serious mistake. (angry)

[答案与简析]

1. C。 read为行为动词应用副词修饰，不能用形容词修饰，这样可排除B。根据第二空后的you are，我们确定该空应填形容词作表语。

2. C。 enough用来修饰形容词或其他副词时，应放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后，这样可排除B和D两项。再根据空格前的系动词is，我们可以确定此空应填形容词作表语。

3. A。由“Ms Lin is very popular among the students”一句，我们可知她的课“总是”生动有趣。

4. angrily。此题易误填angry，因为考生把look看成系动词了。其实，这里的look是实义动词，和at构成短语动词，所以其修饰语应为副词。

三、考查比较级和最高级的用法

1. (2008北京市) I think real cards are_______ than e-cards.

A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest

2. (2008汕头市) It takes more time to go there by ship than by bus. It’s_______ by train of the three.

A. faster B. the fastest

C. fast D. much fast

3. (2008湖州市) —I hope the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games will be_______ of all.

—Me，too. It sure will be!

A. exciting B. better

C. more important D. the most successful

4. (2008广州市) Though the player is over thirty，he can still run_______ some younger players.

A. as fast as B. so fast as

C. much fast than D. more faster than

5. (2008宿迁市) Helen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dances_______ Anita does.

A. so good as B. as well as

C. as good as D. so well as

6. (2008海南省) —I think math is_______ English.

—I don’t think so. I think English is more difficult.

A. as useful as B. as important as

C. as difficult as

7. (2008乌兰察布市) English is one of_______ subjects in our school.

A. more important B. the most important

C. important D. importantest

[答案与简析]

1. B。依照惯用法，than前面应填比较级nicer，不应填最高级the nicest。

2. B。由of the three我们确定该空应填最高级形式the fastest。

3. D。由of all我们确定该空白处应填最高级形式，故答案为D。

4. A。 B项应用在否定句中，不能用在肯定句中。 D项中的more faster不是正确的比较级形式。 C项中的much fast也不是正确的比较级形式。

5. B。修饰动词dances要用副词，可排除A和C两项。 as ... as用于肯定句，not so/as ... as用于否定句，此句是肯定句，所以空白处只能填as well as。

6. C。由答句我们可知说话人的意思为“我认为数学和英语一样难”。

7. B。 “one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”意为“最……之一”，故正确答案为B。

四、考查形容词和副词的特殊句式

1. (2008无锡市) This morning Jack came to school_______ than_______ student in his class.

A. much late；any B. much late；any other

C. much later；any D. much later；any other

2. (2008乌鲁木齐市)_______ ，the healthier you will be.

A. The more money you get B. The taller you are

C. The more you eat D. The better habit you have

3. (2008南京市) Mrs King kept weighing herself to see how much_______ she was getting.

A. heavy B. heavier

C. the heavier D. the heaviest

[答案与简析]

1. D。 late的比较级为later，据此可排除A和B两项。“比较级 + than + any other + 可数名词单数”意为“比其他任何一个……更……”。这虽然是比较级结构，但表示最高级含义。若选C，则第二个空白处不可填any，因为这样一来，就把Jack和包括自身在内的班上任何一个学生相比较了。如果加上other，就可避免自己与自己相比较的错误了。

2. D。 “the + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语，the + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语”意为“越……，越……”。根据后一句意思，只有D项符合题意。

3. B。 much修饰比较级时意为“……得多”。

[巩固练习]

1. —I feel really_______ before the interview.

—Take it easy. Sure you are the best.

A. patient B. serious C. nervous D. cool

2. —You are too near to the TV set. Can you move a bit_______ ?

—OK，Mum. Is it all right here?

A. faster B. slower C. farther D. nearer

3. They all looked_______ at the teacher when he told them the good news.

A. sadly B. happily C. carefully D. angrily

4. I think Alice is the right person for the job，because she’s always thinking_______ of others than of herself.

A. much B. more C. little D. less

5. My father doesn’t like the color of the tie because it is too_______ .

A. dear B. short C. thin D. dark

6. September 25th was one of_______ day in 2008，for Shenzhou VII was sent up successfully into space.

A. exciting B. more exciting

C. much exciting D. the most exciting

7. —Is your toothache getting better?

—No，it’s even_______ .

A. bad B. serious C. worse D. the worst

8. —I’m leaving home this afternoon.

—Really? Why so_______ ?

A. fast B. soon C. quickly D. early

9. Mr Wang thinks Shanxi noodles are very_______ ，so he often has them for lunch.

A. delicious B. interesting C. sweet D. bad

10. —Here is a present for you，Jack.

—Wow! It looks_______ nice.

A. truly B. nearly C. really D. hardly

11. I don’t like eating chocolates. The taste is too_______ .

A. hot B. delicious C. nice D. sweet

12. The movie Batman and Joker is_______ one that I’ve ever seen.

A. more exciting B. more excited

C. the most exciting D. the most excited

13. The experts think that India’s population may be_______ than China’s_______ 2020.

A. much；by B. more；in

C. larger；by D. larger；on

14. This kind of cake looks_______ and smells_______ ，too.

A. good；good B. good；well

C. well；well D. well；good

15. The price of this computer is the_______ of the three.

A. smallest B. biggest C. highest D. tallest

16. Which color do you like_______ ，white，red_______ yellow?

A. more；and B. better；and

C. best；or D. very much；or

17. Susan is always the best in different exams in our class because she is a_______ girl.

A. helpful B. polite

C. proud D. hard-working

18. Shark is getting old and cannot jump as_______ as he did.

A. high B. higher

C. highest D. much higher

19. —Can you understand me?

—Sorry，I can_______ hear what you have said.

A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. easily

20. In some foreign countries，such as Canada，children usually leave their parents when they grow up. It makes the old feel_______ .

A. alone B. lonely C. frightened D. enjoyable

21. She told us a story. And her voice sounded_______ .

A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly

22. Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of_______ meat.

A. too much B. much too

C. very much D. too many

23. This sweater doesn’t suit me. It’s a bit small. Could you give me_______ one?

A. a large B. a larger

C. the largest D. largest

24. Please answer every question with great care. You know_______ you are，_______ mistakes you’ll make.

A. the careful，the few B. the more careful，the less

C. careful，few D. the more careful，the fewer

25. This year our school is_______ than it was last year.

A. much more beautiful B. much beautiful

C. the most beautiful D. beautiful

Key：1- 5 CCBBD 6-10 DCBAC 11-15 DCCAC

8.形容词和副词高篇八

1.形容词是用来描写或修饰名词或代词的一类词。在句中主要做定语和表语等成分。做定语时修饰名词或代词（一般为不定代词），修饰名词时常放于名词前，修饰不定代词时常放于不定代词后，做表语时和系动词（简称系词）连用，构成一个系表结构。例如： Can you hear the loud noise?（定语）The noise is very loud.（表语）The quiet girl is my sister.（定语）My sister looks very quiet.（表语）

2.常和形容词连用构成系表结构的连系动词有： look（看起来，看上去），feel（感觉），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来），get（变得），turn（变），become（成为，变得），sound（听起来）等。

例如：The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。The soup taste nice.3.副词是用以修饰动词，形容词，其他副词以及全句的词例如： The men and the women walk quickly.这些男女走得很快。The children walk slowly.孩子们走得很慢。1．原级的构成和用法

l)构成：形容词，副词的原级形式是形容词，副词的原形．

2)用法：表示双方在程度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用“ as 十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“ not so(as)十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构．例如：This building looks not so(as)high as that one． Ms．Sun speaks English as well as you． This room is three times as large as that one.2．比较级的构成和用法 1)比较级和最高级的构成：

①单音节形容词以及少数以-er，-ow结尾的形容词和副词加“ er”/ “est” great greater narrow narrower fast faster clever cleverer ②以 e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以-ble，-ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加“ r”，.large larger able abler simple simpler ③以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加“ er”，“.hot hotter ④以辅音加 y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加 ly构成的副词要将 y改为 i，再加“ er”，easy easier early earlier happy happier ⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前

beautiful more beautiful carefully more carefully ⑥少数单音节形容词也加 more和 most构成比较级。tired more tired pleased more pleased ⑦下列形容词、副词的比较级可有两种构成方法．

cruel crueler more cruel often oftener more often strict stricter more strict friendly friendlier more friendly ⑧下列形容词，副词的比较级的构成不规则．

good，well better bad, ill worse many，much more little less far farther further old elder／older 2)比较级的用法

①双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级十 than”的结构表示．例如： This pen is better than that one.②表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less十原级十 than”的结构表示．例如： This room is less beautiful than that one．

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰．例如：He works even harder than before．

注意：英语的比较级前如无 even，still，或 yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“„„一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”，如： She is better than she was yesterday．她比昨天好些了． Please come earlier tomorrow．请明天早点来．注意：by far通常用于强调最高级．用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“ the”．如 He is taller by far than his brother He is by far the taller of the two brothers.④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语)，the 十比较级(主语十谓语)”的结构．

例如： The harder he works，the happier he feels．

⑤不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级十 and十比较级”的结构．如： The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful．

⑥某些以一or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than．(这些词有inferior，superior，junior，senior，prior等．例如：

He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．

⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物．that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.例如：

The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood． ⑧表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：

A)A is three(four，ete)times the size(height，length，width，ete)of B 例如； The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one．这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])．

9.形容词和副词高篇九

1.The modern machine proved ______ in heart surgery.B A.high valuable B.highly valuable C.valuable high D.valuable highly 2.Mr.Johnson and his ______ daughter do not always understand each other.C A.older

B.the oldest

C.eldest

D.the eldest 3.They ______ thought that the truth would be finally discovered.A A.little

B.not

C.small

D.bit 4.They hardly believe that the apartment which costs them $ 4,000 is ______.A A.so small

B.such little

C.so little

D.such small 5.If a claim is kept ______, it is more likely to be recognized.C A.live

B.lived

C.alive

D.living 6.On his way to school he met a ______, so he sent him to hospital.D A.very ill man B.much sick man C.serious ill man D.very sick man 7.She was operated a month ago but now she was ______.B A.very good B.very well C.healthy

D.good conditioned 8.What I would do is to go ______.D A.really quietly somewhere

B.somewhere quietly really C.really quiet somewhere

D.somewhere really quiet 9.The chairman asked ______ to write their questions on a piece of paper and send them to the front.C A.the present members

B.the members presently

C.the members present

D.the presently members 10.The price was very reasonable;I would gladly have paid ______ he asked.D A.three times much as

B.three times as many as C.as three times much as

D.three times as much as 11.The trousers are ______, but Tom does not care a bit.B A.too a little small

B.a little too small C.a too little small

D.a small too little 12.She wore a dress to the party that was far more attractive than ______.D

A.other girls

B.that of other girls’ C.the other girls

D.those of other girls 13.He can play tennis better than ______ in the class.B A.any boys

B.any other boy

C.any boy

D.any other 14.Kasia is taking her ______ tour of the shops in search of bargains.A A.daily

B.day

C.day time

D.night 15.___ the child expresses his interest in an activity, the stronger it will become.C A.The more frequent

B.The frequenter C.The more frequently

D.The frequentlier 16.We’d better wait _______, Peter and Tom will come very soon.A A.a little longer

B.more longer

C.long

D.as longer 17.Although the medicine tastes ______, it seems to help my condition.A A.bad

B.badly

C.too much bad

D.too badly 18.When she got her first month salary, Diana bought herself ______ dress.C A.a cotton blue expensive

B.an expensive blue cotton C.a blue expensive cotton

D.a cotton expensive blue 19.The doctors have tried ______ to save the life of the wounded soldier.C A.everything possible humanly

B.humanly everything possible C.everything humanly possible

D.humanly possible everything 20.I was worried very much because I’ll miss my flight if the bus arrives ______.B A.lately

B.late

C.latter

D.more later 21.The noise outside was ______ his speech was hardly audible.CC A.too irritating that

B.so irritating so C.so irritating that

D.so irritating enough that 22.The harder the shrub is to grow, ______.C A.the more higher price it

B.the higher price it is C.the higher the price is

D.the higher is the price 23.The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are ______ taken from the earth.D A.clearest than those

B.clearer than that C.much clear than those

D.much clearer than those

24.______ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.C A.Three-minute call

B.A three-minutes call C.A three-minute call

D.A three-minutes-call 25.We arrived ______ Professor Baker had already called the roll.D A.so lately that

B.as late that

C.so later that

D.so late that 26.It is ______ that I would like to go to the beach.B A.so nice weather

B.such nice weather C.so nice a weather

D.such a nice weather 27.Her little car isn’t ______ to seat more than two people comfortably.A A.big enough

B.enough big

C.so big enough

D.big as enough 28.His score on the exam was ______ to qualify him for a graduate program.D A.too good

B.well enough

C.as high as

D.good enough 29.The plane is scheduled to arrive ______ because of bad weather.B A.lately

B.late

C.later

D.latest 30.There are ______ that I can’t finish them.B A.so long assignments

B.such long assignments C.long assignments

D.so very long assignments 31.Bats find their way by squeaking ______ and guiding themselves by echoes.A A.very fast

B.very fastly D.much faster

D.most fastly 32.Your application will be considered ______ your file is completed.B A.as quickly as

B.as soon as

C.as fast as

D.as early as 33.This dress is prettier, but it costs ______ that one.B A.twice more than

B.twice as much as

C.as much twice as

D.twice so much as 34.A new shopping center on the north side will have ______.D A.five hundred more than shops

B.as more than five hundred shops C.five hundred shops more than

D.more than five hundred shops 35.The more you study during the semester, ______ you have to study the week before exams.A

A.the less

B.the lesser

C.less

D.the little 36.To answer accurately is more important than ______.B A.a quick finish

B.to finish quickly C.finishing quickly

D.you finish quickly 37.When a body enters the earth’s atmosphere, it travels ______.D A.in a rapid manner B.fastly

C.with great speed

D.very rapidly 38.The salary of a taxi driver is much higher _______.C A.in comparison with the salary of a teacher

B.than a teacher C.than that of a teacher

D.to compare as a teacher 39.Frost occurs in valleys and on low grounds ______ on adjacent hills.C A.more frequently as

B.as frequently than C.more frequently than

D.frequently than 40.She can speak _______ in front of Mack, but she can’t eat ______ in his restaurant.C A.free, free

B.free, freely

C.freely, free

D.freely, freely 41.You will have to practice ______ times before you can do it.A A.many more

B.more several

C.more often

D.more many 42.I have been going to Shanghai ______ than I used to.D A.lesser

B.less

C.fewer

D.less often 43.Tuition at American university runs ______ one thousand dollars a semester.C A.so high as

B.as high to

C.as high as D.as higher than 44.I enjoy the concert last night;they played ______ beautiful music.A A.such

B.such a

C.so

D.so a 45.Several day ______, I saw the man again on the street.B A.late

B.later

C.latter

D.last 46.When electricity was first invented, people refused to believe such a thing ___.C A.impossible

B.possibly

C.possible

D.impossibly 47.The reason why so many people sit before the television tonight is that there will be a ______ show.B A.living

B.live

C.alive

D.lived

48.When the three boys met one another, they found they looked very much ______.Then they knew they were triplet.B A.like

B.alike

C.likely

D.liked 49.The doctor assured the patient that there was ______ with her, but she could not help worrying.C A.seriously wrong nothing

B.nothing serious wrong C.nothing seriously wrong

D.serious nothing wrong 50.If you live in Wuhan one day and in Shenyang the next, you ______ the change in temperature.D A.are certainly to feel

B.certainly feel

C.are to feel certainly

D.are certain to feel 51.As a safety precaution, all drivers carry only enough money to make change for ______.C A.a bill of ten-dollar

B.a ten-dollars bill

C.a ten-dollar bill

D.a tens-dollar bill 52.When I spent holidays in Europe, I bought _____ vases.A A.two lovely big old German

B.two lovely old big German

C.two German big old lovely

D.lovely big two old German 53.Everyone will agree that food in the south is as good as ______ in the country.D A.other region

B.any other region C.that of any region

D.that of any other region 54.Stars are so far away that they are ___ spots of light when seen from the earth.D A.nothing more as

B.anything more than

C.more than

D.nothing more than 55.What deeply impressed him was that magnificent ______.A A.eight-century-old

B.eight-centuries C.old-eight-centuries

D.eight-century’s-old 56._______ focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies.C A.The below text and dialogues

B.Below the text and dialogues C.The text and dialogues below

D.Text and dialogues the below

57.People will be able to fly from one planet to another in ______.B A.little nasty arrow-shaped tubes

B.nasty little arrow-shaped tubes C.arrow-shaped little nasty tubes

D.arrow-shaped little nasty tube 58.Beginning in the late 19th century, the _______ rise in the productivity of England was just ______ less than Germany and the U.S.C

A.year…slightly

B.yearly…slight

C.yearly…slightly

D.year…slight 59.In Spain, officials estimate that ______ 75 percent of the current violent crime is drug related.B A.much as

B.as much as

C.as many as

D.as great 60.You should spend ______ in the study of the various senses and uses of the common words.D A.much time as you can

B.as time much as you can C.time as many as you can

D.as much time as you can 61.Professor Chen asked us to write ______ essay on individual differences in second language learning.A A.a no more than two-thousand-word

B.a less two-thousand-words C.a less than two-thousands-words

D.a no more two than thousand word 62.Her voice is ______.A A.loud

B.aloud

C.loudly

D.loudness 63.That so many advances have been made in ______ is the most valid argument for retaining the research unit.C A.such short time

B.so a short time C.such a short time

D.such short a time 64.______, curriculum includes all experiences which the students may have within the environment of the school.C A.Broad speaking B.Speaking broadly C.Broadly speaking D.Broadly speak 65.Since taxi fare in the city may run ______ twenty dollars, I suggest that you take a bus.A A.as high as

B.as expensive as

C.so high that

D.so expensive as

66.If negotiations for the new trade agreements take ______, critical food shortages will develop in several countries.B A.too much longer B.much too long C.the longest

D.the longer 67.If he had followed the directions carefully in taking the medicine, he would have felt better ______.D A.much quicker

B.more quick C.much quickly

D.more quickly 68.Since he spent his childhood in France, Jack is able to converse in French ___.D A.rather good B.quite better

C.fairly more

D.rather well 69.Of the two cars that the Smiths have, the Plymouth is, without any question, ______.C A.the cheapest to run B.the cheaper to run C.cheaper

D.more cheaper 70.With ______ three inches of rain falling in a six-month period, the farmers found it necessary to irrigate the land.A

A.less than

B.little than

C.fewer than

D.less few than 71.On a small marble table in the center of her boudoir stands ______ vase.B A.a little exquisite antique brown Chinese porcelain B.an exquisite little antique brown Chinese porcelain C.an antique little exquisite brown Chinese porcelain D.a Chinese antique little expensive brown porcelain 72.“When is Tom going to leave?”

“He is going to leave ______ this week.”

A.sometimes

B.some time C.sometime

D.somewhat 73.The librarian insists that Dana take ______ books from library before she returns the dictionary she borrowed last month.D A.no

B.many

C.not many

D.no more 74.The facilities of the older hospital are ______ the new hospital.D A.as good or better than

B.as good as or better as C.as good as or better than

D.as good as or better than those of 75.______ iron has relatively few economical uses.B A.Chemical pure

B.Chemically pure

C.Pure chemical

D.Purely chemical 76.I walked 8 miles today.I never guessed that I could walk ______ far.B A.much